[Published on 07/28/20 by Digital Imaging Lab (1142)] It is the responsibility of the researcher to obtain any copyright clearances. Permission to publish material from this/these transcript(s) must be obtained from the Supervisor of Reference Services and/or the L. Tom Perry Special Collection Coordinating Committee. [Notes added by transcribers are in square brackets. Dashes in square brackets indicate unclear words or letters. indicate words the author inserted to a previously written line.] VMSS 792 – Elizabeth Wood Kane papers (S6) Number of Pages: 5907 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B26a_F1_p001.jpg) [page cut in half, obscuring some words] Mason, E K Price Fallon Mallery. Fallon Mallery Fallon Mieler. Ashmead [-] Ingersoll. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B26a_F1_p002.jpg) [page cut in half, obscuring some text] Sessions 1850. J. J. Lewis, Clarkson, Rayboed Gerhard J. W. Ashmead C. Ingersoll. J. W. Ashmead. H M Ilvaine. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B26a_F1_p003.jpg) [page cut in half, obscuring some text] Bottomry February 26. 1830 Contract March 16. 1830 Wager. April 23d 1830 Collision May 24. 1850 Port June 6 1830 Collision August 10. 1849 Salvage. June 3d 1830. Contract Mach 14. 1849. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B26a_F1_p004.jpg) [page cut in half, obscuring some text] [-] C Brewster – Vandyke [-] P. Morris – Wharton ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B26a_F1_p005.jpg) [page cut in half, obscuring some text] Wharfage June 18. 1850 Supplies June 20. 1850 Collision June 21. 1850. Collision June 22d 1850 Collision July 15. 1850 Wages &c. July 26. 1850 In PerSonam Wages – July 22. 1850 Wharfage August 6. 1850. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B26a_F1_p006.jpg) [page cut in half, obscuring some text] Report of Canl a[--] mag[--]s ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B26a_F1_p007.jpg) Collision Oct 21. 1850. Work & Materials Oct 26. 1850. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B26a_F1_p009.jpg) [page cut in half, obscuring some text] [-]eredith – Wharton Williams – Campbell [-] Geo T Campbell F W Hubbell. Gibbons. S[-] Geo T. Campbell J. M[--]sh Waln. Gibbons. Lubbell – Waln. Gibbons. Campbell. VanDyke. Campbell [--]mpbell – Razboed F. W. Hubbell. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B26a_F1_p010.jpg) [page cut in half, obscuring some text] Salvage Augt 6. 1850. Wages - [-] Perlonam" Augt 19. 1850. Work & Materials Augt 24. 1850. Wages - Summary" August 24. 1850. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B26a_F1_p011.jpg) [page cut in half, obscuring some text] Bottomry Febry 26. 1850. Contract March 16. 1850. Wages April 23d 1850 Collision May 24. 1850. Fort June 6 1850 Collision Augt 10. 1849 Salvage June 3d 1850 Contract March 14. 1849 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B26a_F1_p012.jpg) [page cut in half, obscuring some text] Bottomry Febry 26. 1850. Contract March 16 1850 Wages April 23d 1850 Collision May 24. 1850 Port June 6 1850 Collision August 10. 1849 Salvage June 3d 1850 Contract March 14. 1849 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B26a_F1_p013.jpg) [page cut in half, obscuring some text] Salvage Augt 6, 1850. Wages In PerSonam" Augt 19, 1850. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B26a_F1_p014.jpg) Bottomry Febry 26. 1850 Contract March 16. 1850 Wages April 23d 1850 Collision May 24. 1850. Port June 6 1850 Salvage. June 3d 1850 Contract March 14. 1849 Wharfage June 18. 1850 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B26a_F1_p015.jpg) [page cut in half, obscuring some text] Supplies June 20. 1850 Collision June 21, 1850 Collision June 22d 1850 Collision July 15. 1850 Wages &c In Personam" July 26. 1850 Wages. [-]hon ReHearing [-] 19 Sept 1850. Salvage August 6. 1850 Wages In Personam" August 19. 1850 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B26a_F1_p016.jpg) [page cut in half, obscuring some text] Wages. In Personam" August 19. 1850. Work & Materials August 24. 1850 Collision Augt 23d 1850. Work & M. Augt 28. 1850. Wages - Sept. 3d 1850. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B26a_F1_p017.jpg) Collision Augt 23d 1850 Work & m. Augt 28. 1850 Collision Sept 3d 1850. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B26a_F1_p018.jpg) Wharfage June 18. 1850 Supplies June 20. 1850 Collision June 21. 1850. Collision June 22d 1850. Collision July 15. 1850. Wages &c In PerSonam" July 26. 1850 Wages July 22d 1850 Salvage August 6. 1850 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B26a_F1_p019.jpg) Bottomry February 26 .1850 Contract March 16. 1850 Wages - April 23. 1850 Collision May 24. 1850 Port June 6. 1850 Salvage June 3d 1850. Wharfage June 18. 1850 Supplies June 20. 1850 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B26a_F1_p020.jpg) Bottomry February 26. 1850 Contract March 16. 1850 Wages - April 23d 1850 Collision May 24. 1850 Port June 6 1850 Collision August 10. 1849 Salvage. June 3d 1850 Contract March 14. 1849 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B26a_F1_p021.jpg) [page cut in half, obscuring some text] Collision June 21. 1850 Collision June 21. 1850 Collision July 15. 1850. Wages to In PerSonam" July 26. 1850 Wages - Petition fr ReHearing [--]led 19 Sept. 1850 Salvage - Augt 6. 1850. Wages In PerSonam August 19. 1850 Collision August 23d 1850 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B26a_F1_p022.jpg) [page cut in half, obscuring some text] Port June 6 1850 Salvage June 3d 1850 Wharfage June 18. 1850 Supplies June 20. 1850. Collision June 21. 1850 Collision June 21. 1850 Collision July 15. 1850 Wages In PerSonam July 26. 1850 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B26a_F1_p023.jpg) Work & Materials Augt 28. 1850 Collision Sept 3. 1850. [-]ppeal from Clerks [---]ation of Costs - ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B26a_F1_p024.jpg) [page cut in half, obscuring some text] Salvage August 6. 1850 Wages - In PerSonam Augt 19. 1850 Collision August 23d 1850 Work & Materials Augt 28. 1850 Collision Sept 13. 1850 [-]ppeal by Libellant [-]irm Taxation of cost - Collision Sept 13. 1850 Wages S[-] Contract Oct. 8th 1850. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B26a_F1_p025.jpg) [page cut in half, obscuring some text] Port June 6. 1850 Salvage June 3d 1850 Wharfage June 18. 1850 Supplies June 20. 1850 Collision June 21. 1850 Collision June 21. 1850 Collision July 15. 1850 Wages to [--] PerSonam July 26. 1850 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B26a_F1_p026.jpg) [page is cut in half, obscuring some text] Port June 6 1850 Salvage June 3d 1850. Wharfage. June 18. 1850. Supplies June 20. 1850. Collision June 21. 1850 Collision June 21. 1850. Collision July 15. 1850. Wages. In PerSonam July 26. 1850 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B26a_F1_p027.jpg) [page cut in half, obscuring some text] Salvage August 6. 1850. Wages - In PerSonam" Augt 19. 1850 Collision August 23d 1850 Work & Materials Augt 28. 1850 Collision Sept 13. 1850. [-]ppeal by Libellants [---] Taxation of costs - Wages Sept 26. 1850 Collision Sept 13. 1850. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B26a_F1_p028.jpg) [page cut in half, obscuring some text] Port Wharfage - June 6. 1850 Wharfage June 18. 1850 Collision Augt 23. 1850 Collision Sept 3. 1850 Collision Sept 13. 1850 Collision Octo 5. 1850 Contract Oct. 14. 1850 Collision Octo 21. 1850 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B26a_F1_p029.jpg) [page cut in half, obscuring some text] Report of Comt [--]essing Damages Wages. Jany 11. 1851. Report of Com[-]t [--]tubuting fund &c. "Nisi" Report of Com[-]t [--]pessing Damages. "Nisi" [-]ort. Jany 1. 1851. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B26a_F1_p030.jpg) [page cut in half, obscuring some text] Salvage Augt 5. 1850 Wages. In personam Augt 19. 1850 Collision Augt 23d 1850 Work & Materials Augt 28. 1850 Collision Septr 3d 1850 Collision Sept 13. 1850 Collision Octo 5. 1850 Contract Oct 14. 1850. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B26a_F1_p031.jpg) [page cut in half, obscuring some text] Salvage Augt 6. 1850. No Answer Wages In personam Aug 19. 1850 Collision Augt 23d 1850. Work & Materials Augt 28. 1850. Collision Sept 13. 1850 Appeal by Libellant [--]om Taxation of Costs. Collision Sept 13. 1850. Collision Octo 5. 1850. no answer ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B26a_F1_p032.jpg) [page cut in half, obscuring some text] Port June 6. 1850 Salvage June 3d 1850 Wharfage June 18. 1850 Supplies June 20. 1850 Collision June 21. 1850 Collision June 21. 1850 Collision July 15. 1850 Wager &c [--] Personam July 26. 1850 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B26a_F1_p033.jpg) [page cut in half, obscuring some text] Port June 6 1850 Salvage June 3d 1850 Wharfage June 18, 1850 Supplies June 20. 1850 Collision June 21. 1850 Collision June 21. 1850 Collision July 15. 1850 Wager In Personam July 26, 1850 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B26a_F1_p034.jpg) Port Jany 1. 1850 Contract Jany 4. 1850. Wages- Jany 11. 1851. Wages Jany 14. 1851 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B26a_F1_p035.jpg) [page cut in half, obscuring some text] Port M[---]age Jun [-] 1850. Wharfage June 18. 1850 Collision Augt 23. 1850 Collision Sept 3. 1850 Collision Sept 13. 1850. Collision Octo 5. 1850 Contract October 14. 1850 Collision Octo 21. 1850 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B26a_F1_p036.jpg) [page cut in half, obscuring some text] Salvage Augt 6. 1850 Wages- In personam" Augt 19. 1850. Collision Augt 23. 1850. Work & Materials Augt 28. 1850 Collision Sept 13. 1850. Collision Sept 13. 1850. Collision October 5. 1850. Contract Oct 14. 1850 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B26a_F1_p037.jpg) [page torn in half, obscuring some text] 3d 1850 1850 Collision June 21. 1850. Collision July 15. 1850. Wages. [--] PerSonam [--]ly 26. 1850 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B26a_F1_p038.jpg) [page cut in half, obscuring some text] Salvage Augt 5, 1850. Collision Aug 23d. 1850. Collision Sept 3, 1850 Collision No appearance, [--] Sept 13. 1850. Collision Oct. 5. 1850. Contract Octo 14. 1850. Salvage Oct 18. 1850. Collision Oct 21. 1850. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B26a_F1_p039.jpg) Salvage Oct 18. 1850 Materials Oct 21. 1850 Collision Oct 21. 1850 Collision Oct 22. 1850 Co[--]s Report assessing Damages- Commissiones Report [--]hesst Damages & Respondts Exceptions Work & Materials- Oct 26. 1850. Wages. Novr 11, 1850. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B26a_F1_p040.jpg) [page cut in half, obscuring some text] Port June 6 1850 Salvage June 3d, 1850 Wharfage June 18. 1850. Supplies June 20. 1850. Collision July 15. 1850. Wages In PerSonam no Answer July 26. 1850. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B26a_F1_p042.jpg) [page cut in half, obscuring some text] Mason EK Price Fallon Mallery Fallon Mallery Fallon Miller Ashmead C. Ingersoll. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B26a_F1_p043.jpg) [page cut in half, obscuring some text] Charter party April 11. 1848 Wages &c May 31. 1848 Contract Sept 9. 1848 Collision Febry 7. 1849 Salvage. May 22. 1849 Materials July 29. 1849 Materials July 30. 1849 Salvage Oct. 22.d 1849 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B26a_F1_p044.jpg) [page cut in half, obscuring some text] I. I. Lewis Clarkson Rayboed Gerhard J.W. Ashmead C. Ingersoll J. W. Ashmead HM J Craine ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B26a_F1_p045.jpg) [page cut in half, obscuring some text] Port March 26. 1850. Bottomry Febry 26. 1850 Contract March 16. 1850. Wages - April 23d 1850 Collision May 24. 1850. Oct: 22. 1849 Contract - Collision June 21. 1850 Collision June 21. 1850 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B26a_F1_p046.jpg) [page cut in half, obscuring some text] Collision Oct 21. 1850. Collision Oct 22. 1850. Work & Materials October 26. 1850 Materials. November 16 1850. Materials November 16. 1850. Wages Decr 12. 1850 Wages Nov. 25. 1850 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B26a_F1_p047.jpg) [page cut in half, obscuring some text] Collision Oct 22. 1850 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B26a_F1_p048.jpg) [page cut in half, obscuring some text] Port June 6 1850 Salvage June 3d 1850 Wharfage June 18. 1850. Collision Augt 23d 1850 Collision Septr 3d 1850 Collision Sept 13. 1850 Collision Octr 5. 1850. Contract Oct 14. 1850 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B26a_F1_p049.jpg) [page cut in half, obscuring some text] Port June 6 1850. Salvage June 3.d 1850 Wharfage June 18. 1850 Supplies June 30. 1850 Collision July 15. 1850 Wages &c In PerSonam July 26. 1850. Salvage Augt 5. 1850. Collision Augt 23. 1850. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B26a_F1_p050.jpg) [page cut in half, obscuring some text] Materials. November 16. 1850. Materials November 16 1850. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B26a_F1_p051.jpg) [page cut in half, obscuring some text] Collision Sept 3d 1850. Collision Sept 13. 1850 Collision Octr 5. 1850. Contract Oct 14. 1850. Salvage- C.A.V. Oct 18. 1850 Collision Oct 21. 1850. Collision Oct 22. 1850. Petition to open Decree – ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B26a_F1_p052.jpg) Collision Sept 3. 1850 Collision Sept 13. 1850 Collision Octr 5. 1850. Contract Oct 14. 1850 Salvage Octr 18. 1850 Collision Oct 21. 1850. Collision Oct. 22. 1850. Petition to Open decree. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B26a_F1_p053.jpg) [page cut in half, obscuring some text] Port June 6 1850. Salvage June 3. 1850. Wharfage June 18. 1850. Supplies June 30. 1850 Collision July 15. 1850. Wages &c PerSonam July 26. 1850. Salvage Augt 5. 1850. Collision Augt 23. 1850. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B26a_F1_p054.jpg) [page cut in half, obscuring some text] [-]ort (Wharfage) June 6 1850 Wharfage June 18. 1850 Collision Augt 23. 1850 Collision Sept 3. 1850 Collision Sept 13. 1850 Collision 1850 Dec 13. De[-] Octr 5. 1850 for $10.63 & Co[--] Contract October 14. 1850 Collision October 21. 1850 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B26a_F1_p055.jpg) [page cut in half, obscuring some text] Tort June 6. 1850. Salvage June 3d 1850. Wharfage June 18. 1850 Collision Aug 23. 1850. Collision Sept 3d 1850. Collision Sept 13. 1850. Collision October 5. 1850. Contract October 14. 1850 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B26a_F1_p056.jpg) [page cut in half, obscuring some text] Salvage. Oct 18. 1850. Materials Oct 21. 1850. Collision Oct 21. 1850. Collision Octr 22. 1850. Comnt Report Assessing Damages - Comnt Report assessig damages - & Exceptions by Respondent - ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B26a_F1_p057.jpg) [page cut in half, obscuring some text] Salvage Augt. 6. 1850 Wages In PerSonam" Augt 19. 1850. Collision Augt. 23. 1850 Work & materials Augt 28. 1850. Collision Sept 13. 1850 Collision Sept 13. 1850 Collision Octr 5. 1850. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B26a_F1_p058.jpg) [page cut in half, obscuring some text] [-]ort (Wharfage) June 6 1850 Wharfage June 18. 1850 Collision Aug 23. 1850 Collision Sept 3. 1850 Collision Sept 13. 1850. Collision Oct 5. 1850 Contract Oct 14. 1850. Collision Oct 21. 1850. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B26a_F1_p059.jpg) [page cut in half, obscuring some text] [-]ort (Wharfage). June 6d 1850. Wharfage June 18. 1850 Collision August 23. 1850 Collision Septr 3d 1850 Collision Septr 13. 1850 Collision Octr 5. 1850 Contract Octr 14. 1850. Collision Oct 21. 1850 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B26a_F1_p060.jpg) [page cut in half, obscuring some text] rt (Wharfage) June 6 1850 Wharfage June 18. 1850. Collision Augt 23. 1850 Collision S[--]t 3. 1850 [---]ision Sept 13. 1850 Collision Octr 5. 1850 [--]tact Octr 14. 1850 Collision Oct 21. 1850. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B26a_F1_p061.jpg) [page cut in half, obscuring some text] Work & Materials October 26. 1850. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B26a_F1_p062.jpg) [page cut in half, obscuring some text] Wharfage. June 18. 1850 Supplies June 20. 1850. Collision June 21. 1850 Collision June 22. 1850. Collision July 15. 1850. Wages &c In PerSonam" July 26. 1850 Wages July 22. 1850. Wharfage Augt 6. 1850 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B26a_F1_p063.jpg) [page cut in half, obscuring some text] Wharfage June 18. 1850. Supplies June 20. 1850. Collision June 21. 1850. Collision June 22d 1850 Collision July 15. 1850. Wages &c. PerSonam" July 26. 1850 Wages July 22. 1850 Wharfage August 6. 1850 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B26a_F1_p064.jpg) [page cut in half, obscuring some text] Fort Jany 1. 1851. Contract Januay 4. 1851 Wages Januay 11. 1851. Wages Jany 14. 1851. Report of Connt assessing wages - [---] 6 Feby 1851. Petition by Libellants apportionment of [--]rage decreed - ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B26a_F1_p065.jpg) [page cut in half, obscuring some text] Tort (Wharfage) June 6 1850. Wharfage June 18. 1850 Collision Augt 23. 1850 Collision Sept. 3. 1850. Collision Sept 13. 1850 Collision Oct 5. 1850 Contract October 14. 1850 Collision Octr. 21. 1850 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B26a_F1_p066.jpg) [page cut in half, obscuring some text] Tort Wharfage - June 6. 1850 Wharfage June 18. 1850 Collision Augt 23. 1850 Collision Sept 3. 1850 Collision Sept 13. 1850. Collision Octr 5. 1850. Contract Oct 14. 1850. Collision Oct 21. 1850. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B26a_F1_p067.jpg) [page cut in half, obscuring some text] Report of Comt district - [-]ng Fund. Absolutely. Port January 1. 1850. Contract January 4. 1851 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B26a_F1_p068.jpg) [page cut in half, obscuring text] Tort Jany 1. 1851 Contract Jany 4. 1851 Wages Jany 11. 1851. Wages Jany 14. 1851 Materials - Feby 12. 1851. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B26a_F1_p070.jpg) [page cut in half, obscuring some text] Fort Wharfage June 6– 1850. Wharfage June 18. 1850. Collision Augt 23. 1850 Collision Sept. 3d 1850 Collision Sept 13. 1850 Contract Oct 14. 1850 Collision Oct 21. 1850 Fort Jany 1. 1851 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B26a_F1_p071.jpg) [page cut in half, obscuring some text] Tort Jany 1. 1851 Contract Jany 4. 1851 Wages Jany 11. 1851 Wages Jany 14. 1851. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B26a_F1_p072.jpg) [page cut in half, obscuring some text] J. J. Lewis Clarkson Rayboed Gerhard. Mason EK Price Fallon Mallery Fallon Mallery Fallon Miller [pencil written on the lower right side of page] Lift open by Com[---] Fallon. Mr Th[---] ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B26a_F1_p073.jpg) [page cut in half, obscuring some text] ED Farr Mann W. S. Herst. W. G. Smith. W. G. Smith. B. H Brewster. AD. Farr. Van Dyke. Campbell William-Riddle ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B26a_F1_p074.jpg) Fort Whanfage [-]une 6 1850 Whanfage June 18. 1850 Collision Augt 23. 1850. Collision Sept 3. 1850. Collision Sept 13. 1850 Collision Octr 5. 1850. Contract Oct 14. 1850. Collision Oct 21. 1850. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B26a_F1_p075.jpg) [page cut in half, obscuring some text] eredith – Wharton Williams Campbell Campbell. FW Hubbell Gibbons Campbell Van Dyke Campbell. [-]mp[-]e: Rayboed. F.W Hubbell Waln Van Dyke. Thomas Fallon Waln Van Dyke ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B26a_F1_p076.jpg) [page cut in half, obscuring some text] Salvage - August 6. 1850. Wages - In personam Augt 19. 1850 Collision Augt 23. 1850. Work & Materials Augt 28. 1850 Collision Sept 13. 1850 Appeal by Libellant Conc Taxation of Costs - Collision Sept 13th 1850. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B26a_F1_p077.jpg) [page cut in half, obscuring some text] Fort June 6. 1850 Salvage June 3d 1850 Wharfage June 18. 1850 Supplies June 20. 1850. Collision June 21. 1850 Collision June 21. 1850. Collision July 15. 1850 Wages to In PerSonam" July 26. 1850 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B26a_F1_p078.jpg) [page cut in half, obscuring some text] Fort Wharfage June 6 1850 Wharfage June 8 1850 Collision Augt 23. 1850 Collision Sept 3d 1850 Collision Sept 13. 1850 Contract Oct 14. 1850 Fort Jany 1. 1851. Contract Jany 4 .1851 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B26a_F1_p079.jpg) [page cut in half, obscuring some text] Contract Jany 4. 1851 Wages Jany 11. 1851 Wages Jany 14. 1851 Materials Feby 12. 1851. Wages Febry 11. 1851 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B26a_F1_p080.jpg) [page cut in half, obscuring some text] Tort [-]Wharfage) June 6. 1850 Wharfage June 18. 1850 Collision Aug. 23. 1850 Collision Septem. 3. 1850 Collision Septem. 13. 1850 Contract Octo. 14. 1850 Collision Octo. 21. 1850 Tort Jan. 1. 1851. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B26a_F1_p081.jpg) [page cut in half, obscuring some text] Contract Jany 4. 1851. Wages Jany 11. 1851 Wages Jany 14. 1851. Wages March 5. 1851 Wages March 18. 1851. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B26a_F1_p082.jpg) [page cut in half, obscuring some text] Tort (Wharfage) June 6 1850 Wharfage June 8. 1850 Collision Augt 23. 1850 Collision Sept 3. 1850. Collision Sept 3. 1850. Collision Sept 13. 1850 Contract Oct 14. 1850 Collision Oct 21. 1850 Tort Jany 1. 1851 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B26a_F1_p083.jpg) [page cut in half, obscuring some text] Contract Jan. 4. 1851 Wages [-]an. 11. 1851. Wages [-]an. 14. 1851. Materials Feb. 12. 1851. Wages Feb. 11. 1851. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B26a_F1_p084.jpg) [page cut in half, obscuring some text] Contract [-]an. 4. 1851 Wages [-]an. 11. 1851 Wages [-]an. 14. 1851 Materials Feb. 12. 1851 Wages ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B26a_F1_p085.jpg) [page cut in half, obscuring some text] Tort. Wharfage) [--]ne 6. 1850 Wharfage June 8. 1850 Collision Aug. 23. 1850 Collision Septem. 3. 1850 Collision Septem 13. 1850 Contract Octo. 14. 1850 Collision Octo. 21. 1850 Tort Jan. 1. 1851 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B26a_F1_p087.jpg) [page cut in half, obscuring some text] Wages Jany 11. 1851. Wages Jany 15 1851 Wages March 5. 1851. Petitions for ReHearing ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B26a_F1_p089.jpg) [page cut in half, obscuring some text] Fort Wharfage June 6 1850 Wharfage June 8. 1850. Collision Augt 23. 1850. Collision Sept 3. 1850. Collision Sept 13. 1850 Contract Oct 14. 1850. Fort Jany 1. 1851 Contract Jany 4. 1851. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B26a_F1_p090.jpg) [page cut in half, obscuring some text] Wages January 11. 1851. Wages Jany 15. 1851. Wages March 5. 1851. Contract March 18. 1851. Wages [--]mmary" [-]arch 31. 1851. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B26a_F1_p092.jpg) [page cut in half, obscuring some text] Wages January 11. 1851 Wages January 15. 1851 Wages March 5. 1851. Contract March 18. 1851. Contract. March 24. 1851. Provisions [--]il 4. 1851. Report of Commsst [---]essing damages – [--] 8 April 1851. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B26a_F1_p093.jpg) [page cut in half, obscuring some text] Fort Wharfage) June 6 1850 Wharfage June 8. 1850 Collision April 23d 1850 Collision Sept 3d 1850 Collision Sept 13 1850. Contract Oct. 14. 1850. Fort January 1. 1851. Contract Jany 4. 1851. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B26_F10a_I1_p001.jpg) @93 P cent. Two failures are noticed in the India and China trade, MAITLAND, EWING & Co. and NEWCOMEN, NOBLE & Co. Of the Australian branch of Messrs. DENNISTOUN & Co. the London Times remarks: about Apr 10, 1853 "The Australian advices received to-day mention that the statement of the affairs of Messrs. DENNIS- TOUN & Co., of Glasgow, Liverpool and London, had just arrived out, and had caused an apprehension that a large amount of bills would be returned upon the Melbourne house of DENNISTOUN BROTHERS & Co., AND that this circumstance would compromise several other firms in the colony. There was, however, no ground for the inference. It is known that out of the drafts of the Melbourne house, amounting to about £55,000, only about £2,000 or £3,000 went back, and by the private commercial accounts to-day it is under- stood that the affairs of that establishment will by the middle of the year be placed in a position that would be one of complete safety even if the whole were presented." In addition to the above, respecting Messrs. DENNISTOUN, it is stated on 'Change this afternoon, much to the gratification of their numerous friends, that Messrs. DENNISTOUN, WOOD & Co, of this City, contemplate an early resumption ol payments and of their general business, owing to the improved look of the affairs of the principaf house in England and Scotland, and the rapid and favorable liquidation going on on both sides the At- -lantic. We also hear it stated that the American losses of Mr. PEABODY's house, by the mercantile failures here during the crisis, are likely to fall within £50,000 sterling,—the principal item being on the depreciation of some shipments of Wool accepted for LAWRENCE, STONE & Co., of Boston. The Money market to-day presents no new ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B26_F10a_I1_p002.jpg) PUBLIC LEDGER AND DAILY TRANSCRIPT. Philadelphia, Wednesday, May 12, 1858. APPLICATIONS FOR OFFICE —As usual, when a change in government occurs, hundreds of indivi- duals are looking for appointments under the city administration LATER FROM UTAH —St. Louis, May 11—The Independence Messenger, of Saturday mentions the arrival there of three men direct from Camp Scott. They report the troops in good health, but that provisions are scarce, with the exception of poor beef. Gen. Johnson would not be able to move forward till a fresh supply of animals are received They met an express messenger from New Mexico at Green River, with news. Capt. Marcy would not be able to reach Camp Scott be- fore the 1st of June, in consequence of the great quantity of snow on the mountains. A man had arrived at Camp Scott from Salt Lake, a few days before the party left, who re- ported that the Mormons were equipping com- panies to take the road and cut off the supplies, and harrass the troops. The party met Colonel Hoffman, with two companies of cavalry and one hundred and fifty wagons, with supplies, on the 16th of April, when about 120 miles east of Fort Laramie. About 100 were ready to leave Fort Laramie as soon as Col. Hoffman arrived. These trains would reach Gen. Johnson as early as May 1st. The ox trains started this spring were met just beyond the Big Blue River, but in conse quence of the weather, were m king slow pro- gress. Some of the trains had stopped for the roads to become bett r. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B26_F10a_I2_p001.jpg) Feby 4, 1858 Dear Father, Is it asking too much of you to look over the enclosed, and if you think it unwise in me to send it– to throw it into the fire for me? I find I cannot write dispassionately on the sub- -ject, and perhaps I am incoherent in my earnestness. Your calm sense is just what I want to take the helm. I am thankful Tom is getting into so different a life. It may ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B26_F10a_I2_p002.jpg) wash this horror from his memory. I cannot talk about it, and I am glad that this letter gives me the opportunity to write what my stupid nerves would break down in talking about. When I talked of getting some copying, or other work to do, I was more in earnest than you would think. I know that it is of great im- -portance to my health bodily and mental, that these troubles should be effaced as far as I can efface them from my thoughts. I am trying my best to occu- -py myself in various ways, but at this season of the year, I cannot well photograph, and I have no other mental occu- -pation at all absorbing any length of time. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B26_F10a_I2_p003.jpg) I have balanced last year's accounts I have made as much work as I could out of my different occupations, but while dear Tom is away, I have nothing to do with the time I used to spend in his work. Now I feel that two or three hours regular work, making a pivot for my day to turn on, would be good for my health. Two or three hours work by spring-time ought to show some result. Let the result be earned in money, well, or let it be earned in a piece of finished ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B26_F10a_I2_p004.jpg) work, well, too. But I don't like to pass month, after month, with no tangible result of my occupations. So I need some work – I think. Can I not obtain some, serious- -ly? I have written you far more than I meant to. Do not think it is just Aunt Julia- -talk. Bess. Thursday Evening. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B26_F10a_I2_p005.jpg) Little Bessie consults her beloved father-in-law. Feby 4, 1858. Hon. J. K. Kane Philadelphia ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B26_F10a_I3_p001.jpg) My dear wife: Accept this proof of my love – that I collect my thoughts enough in my distress to dedicate my work to you under whose invocation it has been achieved– My Peace May the Prince of Peace remove us from this world of wars together! Gr. Salt Lake City, May 2. 1858. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B26_F10a_I3_p002.jpg) Great Salt Lake City, Utah May 2, 1858 To Wife in Phila, Pa. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B26_F10_p001.jpg) June 1857 E. L. Kane ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B26_F10_p003.jpg) E. D. W. Diary From June 1857 to July 1858 Only for Tom's eye. [Photo appears on page with the following caption] "Old Grim" Aged 22. 12th May 1858. BORN 1836, May 12 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B26_F10_p004.jpg) Page Copied by E [---] PAGE s[-]y (TYPED COPY) Copy pages are here marked in red- Elk County June 29th, 1857. Again in the mountains but a much larger party this time. Two children, two nurses, a cook and ourselves, Bessie* and Charlotte* for permanent guests, and Willa Morton as — Bottlewasher? Today we unpacked my boxes from 'Roberts', and I nearly cried to see so many useless luxuries. Poor Tom's money spent so! Was I in my senses when I ordered them? July 1st. I don't think I shall do much with my — July 2. Well, I left off my just commenced entry in my diary last night, summoned to read aloud. I read aloud every evening for about an hour, after our walk. In the morning I mind the children and sew for the rest – Bess keeps the parlor in order, and Tot sets the table. Sometimes we make pudding or cake. Thus the day slips by. Today I had time to prepare my silver solutions for photographing. I found I had prepared too much for my bath, and I fear my pictures will be failures at first. Never mind! Try again! I wrote to Pat too today. I must write next to Maggie Jones. x Bess is TOM'S SISTER "TOT", FOR CHARLOTTE, IS HERS. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B26_F10_p005.jpg) 1857 2. *is this at Rasselas R. C. Church? 5th July. Our second Monda Sunday in the moun- -tains. I am minister and read the Episcopal Morning Service and one of Arnold's Sermons. Jane Nelly came in to the latter part, Jane Pickett to the first. Char- -lotte and Bess were singers. Willy has gone with John to the little Catholic chapel.* They were in great spirits and are to present the crucifix Tom * brought from Havana. Little Sash is much better today I think, thank God. I hope He will bless our stay here. Now I am going to take a good think about my duties here, and then I shall try to fulfil them. Yesterday I wrote to M. J. and to Papa. The priest from St Mary's paid a long visit of thanks this afternoon. He is from Ratisbon in Bavaria. — I wish I could cure myself of my want of thoroughness. I see that my tendency to be superficial grows upon me. I don't thoroughly wash my plates for my photographs, I don't beat up eggs enough. So with everything. I hope God will help me to persevere! And I have now a good opportunity to learn to rule a household. I must avail myself of it. I do hate to scold people. I wonder if quiet speaking does, with servants accustomed to scolding. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B26_F10_p006.jpg) 3. Tom says I must tell one of them to speak more respectfully. How I hate to do it! Another one is as obstinate as a mule, but I think I can manage her! I hope the girls are happy. We ought to gain a vast fund of health to repay the outlay Tom makes on the trip. 9th July. We have been very happy and busy. I am feeling remarkably well, and I think every one else is improving. My puddings succeed better than my photographs. I wrote quite a pamphlet about my failures just now. I have had three rides since we came here. Today we took a long walk, Bessie Tot and I, round the woods. It was to work off our misery for Papa writes that Tot must go to Liverpool with Walter. I wrote a protest to Papa. How hard it makes it seem to fulfil or rather to help Tom to fulfil his duty to his parents. [line of illegible deletions] [---] [---] [---] [---] BBB if I have, I hope God will please [---] to act [---] when fff [---]. And some some day perhaps my dear Tot may live with me! — Tomorrow is Harry's birthday. God bless her! *Sister Charlotte **2nd birthday ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B26_F10_p007.jpg) 12th July, Another Sunday finds us all well and cheer- -ful. Our two year old Harry is so sweet, and so merry. Little baby smiles to every one, and holds out his arms to come to those he loves. He is excessively obstinate, and furious when roused, but ordinarily merry, and very very amiable and good. Harry is not particularly obstinate, but is very quick tempered and gets over it very soon. God help me to understand them, and lead them in the right way! This week has passed away quickly. We girls take turns in pudding and cake making, I read aloud a great deal, and work in vain at my photography. I have written to Willie, Harry and Helen, Papa and Mrs Kane as well as a long letter to Mr Langenheim. Tom passed Thursday and Friday in the woods. On Satur- -day the hunter Cornelius* came to go over the results of their expedition with Tom. While they were there at work some of the Seneca Indians came by on a hunting excursion. Three of them stayed outside, being Temperance men, the fourth came in and drank ever so much brandy. They are very ugly animals with their flat noses, and scanty beard just like the hairs round some calves mouths or horses. They look a good deal like horses with their straight manes. *Dave Cornelius of Farmers Valley Kane's Scout. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B26_F10_p008.jpg) x WEIR MITCHELL OF PHILA. I am very much discouraged by my photographic failures.? How rejoiced I should feel could I get any image on my plate! 14th July. I tried another unsuccessful plate. Now I give up? till Mr. L. answers my last letter. Yesterday, one time with another I must have read aloud 5 hours rather too much of a good thing. I studied my Spanish for one hour. Little Elisha rolls about freely on the floor now and ?seems so strong! After tea as Bess Tot and I were lingering in the room? about a square yard of the ceiling fell down. I am very thankful that we escaped in safety. Tom had a dreadfully wearying day. Starting at 5 A.M.? he returned at ½ past 10 P.M. For over 5 hours he had been lost in the woods, and during the day must have gone 90 miles. I have a rebellion in the kitchen J. P. says she will? not do all the washing! 21st July. That kitchen storm blew over, but I have my hands full ?with others. The house is too small by one room, and the servants are indisposed to be accommodating. I expect Pat & Weirx, and they,? the women, refuse to go into the kitchen room, so that the girls have to come into my room. I fear th[--] ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B26_F10_p009.jpg) won't like the closeness of the air. My dearie left me at 4 this morning. By seven tomorrow evening he hopes to be at Fern Rock. May God protect us all, up here and down there! I feel as if I had a great respon- -sibility upon me in Tom's absence, the children, the servants, the girls, Willie, — I am thankful that I may cast all my care upon Him who will care for me. May He take my dear husband too in His keeping, and write us in health again. I must write tomorrow about Charlotte. 23rd July. "About Charlotte" means. Lately she had a letter from Papa saying that Walter was going to London or Liverpool, and he hoped "dear old Tot" could make up her mind to go with him or to return to 16th St. She was dreadfully distressed but against my protest wrote to say she would go. Might she have Harry? I wrote a very indignant letter which I did not send, and added a short postscript to hers, saying that if he would let the girl's board in Phila. we would go with them till they were at home. Another letter came saying some complaints about C. M. which upset Tot who had been very unhappy ever since the first came. — (4) August 2nd. I gave up writing the above at the sixth interruption, and have been too busy to write since. I saved my few spare minutes for writing to Mrs Kane. I had to be nurse as well as to help in the kitchen for Eliza's hand was very sore. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B26_F10_p010.jpg) In the meanwhile Tot's affairs have cleared up. Papa gives her leave to board in Philadelphia, and says that when Harry comes home from a visit she is making he will let her choose whether she would like to go to Philadelphia if she chooses. Weir and Pat go home today looking much better for their visit which I hope they have enjoyed. The girls will miss them very much. I look forward to Tom's return this week. I am very thankful that I have been so helped through the very difficult housekeeping since the boys came. I feel much more confidence in myself now should I ever have a wee home of my own. Tom has decided to remain with the Kanes and they are going to add to the house, so I think my present duty is to forget that and to try to aid Mother in her household. I tried some photographs yesterday, with tolerable success. Hooray! August 10. Was not this annoying? After taking those photographs I failed again and again unaccountably. But I resolved I would not give up — and again I have a pretty good picture. Harry said her first prayer on Saturday. I had thought a good deal about it. The ordinary child's first prayer "Now I lay me" is not a good one. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B26_F10_p011.jpg) So first I made her say "Goodnight" mentioning the names of every one she loved. Then I told her that Dear Friend made the pretty flowers, water trickling etc, and made her say "Thank you dear Friend." Tom has purchased some land from Alonzo Wilcox September 13. Sunday. Tom urges me to recommence a steady diary such as I used to keep — one mentioning our moral, not photographic failures, for the sake of a Sunday summing up. I made a resolution, in the hope of a very busy active winter, to pay more attention to my dress, spending more, instead of less. Financial revulsions in New York have turned Tom's purchase into a bur- -den, instead of a bargain. Nevertheless, instead of greater economy, I shall still spend. Nice Boots, stockings etc. Meanwhile, three times a day brush my teeth, once with charcoal till they are in good order, take more care of my hair and clothes. Watch up the children more closely, etc. seeing they have clean frocks. These small matters attended to, but first, more of them. Rise at six so as to write my diary and learn a verse in the Bible every morning before breakfast. Let me pray earnestly every day to keep up a cheerful countenance, remembering when I wd grumble, that I shall keep my darling with me, and that I can attend more closely to my [written in red along lefthand side] 5 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B26_F10_p012.jpg) home affairs, and let the winter pass in forming neat orderly habits, and keeping my eyes open. I must try to be kinder to Willie, and to interact and amuse him. — Poor Tom has had two or three of his old stitches, and shortness of breathing. 14th Monday. Yesterday was a very happy quiet day. As usual we had service in the morning, I officiating. Then came dinner, and our usual nap, then I wrote diary and read ny Bible till our early tea. After I read a sermon to the "parlor folks," and a chapter to Eliza, heard Willie his very badly learnt verses and explained a parable to him. This morning I rose at six, and so far have kept my rules. I prepared some paper for printing. 15th Tuesday. The paper I prepared was all spoilt from the addition of water I was forced to make, I do not know whether it was the weakness of the solution or the hardness of the water. After our tea I read Aurora Leigh aloud, Kept my rules today. Had also a very pleasant walk with Tom and wrote to Mrs. Kane. After tea we intended to take a walk but the hunter Cornelius coming in, detained Tom, so Tot and I Just took a little stroll, and then returning I wrote to Aunt Mary Ferguson and to Walter whose little daughter is about ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B26_F10_p013.jpg) x good idea on geography teaching. "from within outward." nearby to far away. four weeks old. When Cornelius left, I read Aurora Leigh till bed-time. 16th Wednesday. Kept my rules. This morning Tom and I took a lovely walk down the mountain valley of the Clarion. We built a fire and sat to talk while I sewed. We determined on Tom's theory for the winter. First, he is to cut down charities, giving our time instead to the H.R.* Then, he is to devote all his office time to office duties. Now comes my share. I will read to him Blair's Rhetoric, Alison on Taste, Burke on the Sublime — as work books — the Spectator, C Lamb, Swift and "Hary Esmond" for pleasure books: of course all this with the object in view of attaining "the well of English undefiled." Then Tom writes me English exer- -cises on themes furnished by the history of the neighborhood – hermits of the Wissahickon for instance. We glance forward and hope some day to bind them up with photographic illustrations, for our children's benefit. I want to endeavour to teach them history and geography from within out. Starting from Fern Rock instead of The world is round, & like an orange flattened at the poles." * * House of Refuge? ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B26_F10_p014.jpg) MR. 6 x check Faries – Sunbury & Erie R.R. ? — This evening I am reading Robert Brownings "Men and Women" aloud, as we wait for an over-due guest Mr Faries. Thursday 17th A pouring rain almost all day. Mr Faries never came. I was busy about ordinary duties all day, helping Tom, minding babies, sewing, and reading in the evening, "Margaret" aloud. the oddest, queerest; minute book. Charlotte remarked that a Mr Burlingame might have written it, a criticism that struck me as not inapt. Wrote to Mother Friday. Very much the same sort of day as yes- -terday. No Mr Faries. Tom went in the after- -noon to his opening on the mountain side. My keys were lying in my trunk which closed with a spring and left us desolate. Fortunately Mr Totten was able to open it for us, Saturday 19. Ditto to yesterday as yesterday was to the day before. A letter came from Mr Faries saying that he was detained by business, got up business, I must think, to evade seeing Tom's route. I made up two little caps for the children to wear going home. Sunday 20 I read our usual service, it was however so dull and rainy a day that we could take no walk and as we none of us felt well, we passed a very quiet uninteresting morning. I read Tom my ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B26_F10_p015.jpg) diary of the week: he spoke of Elisha having clean frocks oftener. I promised to watch up Tom's tendency to "put things through," and we are mutually to oversee the other's dressing. Also we are thankful for the lessons of the last fortnight, and pray that we may profit by them keeping them ever in mind, day by day. First, and chiefly, to teach us to live as we should. Next to show me what is false kindness to Tom. Then to teach us charity. Then to show us what a mistake I might have made in falling entirely into out door work. and overlooking home duties. I must be careful not to become absorbed in Photo- -graphy, to the detriment of nearer things. I must keep Tom's clothes mended, and in neat order, our rooms neat and clean, and my own clothes. The children's clothes must be neatly folded, and kept in their own bureau, and Jane Nelly must keep their nursery neat. I must see them provided with plenty of aprons, etc. I must see that the manual part of this is done, and make a regular list for the work of both Jane's, to hang in the nursery. By the bye, not apropos, my hair is growing so thin ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B26_F10_p016.jpg) that I must have it clipped once a month. And I must make myself a number of ruches for evening collars? — Tom wants me to remind him not to ruffle up his hair so! I have written a list for the work of the two Janes which I must see enforced on my return Until the new rooms are finished J.N. must wash herself downstairs. Therefore J.P. rises at ½ past 5. and at six wakes J.N. to go down and wash herself. J.P. can trim the nursery lamp while she is absent. At ½ past 6 J. N. must be ready to dress the children if awake, or if not to put her nursery in order. Meanwhile J.P. sweeps the sitting room, lights the fire, bringing up fuel first, and then helps J N with the babies, setting the little boy's milk to boil etc. When I go downstairs she must sweep my room and leave the bed to air till my breakfast is over. After hers, she finishes my room, and she is then ready either to sew, or walk with the children. On days when I have washing to do, she can do the nursery. Otherwise J.N. will ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B26_F10_p017.jpg) let the bed air while we are at breakfast. Little Harry must breakfast either in my sitting room or in the dining room. After J. N. has tidied her nursery, she will wash the wet things of the night. J. N. must do all the washing, because J. P. is sewing. On Fridays Mrs K. will overlook all the closets to see if they are in order. and both Janes must have thought of whatever is wanted in town, of which Mrs K. will make a list. Saturday. The clean clothes must be counted by J. P. before putting away, and the soiled arranged for Mrs K. to count. The torn things must be darned. Monday. Darned two pair of trousers for Tom made a baby's cap for Elish. to travel home in, and took care of the children from breakfast till bed time as both Janes were washing. Tuesday 22nd. Wrote to Aunt Eliza, and Mrs. K. wrote diary, and washed breakfast things Friday 25. Well! One would have thought me sure of finishing this week diarising regularly. But no! I have been working really very hard. I am ma- -king baby two night jackets for travelling, and for Tom, who has to drive the horse down, stopping at vile taverns ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B26_F10_p018.jpg) 8 a bug-proof night gown consisting of legs sewed up at the bottom, and terminating in a sack-body, drawn in round the neck by strings, a cape fastened on to turn over his pillow, and wide sleeves, finished with a band wide enough to pass his hand through. A button set on this, buttoning through two button holes some distance apart makes the wrist tight. So I hope he will have quiet nights. I have packed two chests full, and have several trunks to pack yet. I wrote to Maggie Jones, and to Mrs K. yesterday. On Sunday night I wrote to Johnny Kane, and to Papa. I wish now that we were safe home. Tom was away from ½ past 4 A.M. to 11 P.M. yesterday, at his Summit, coming home worn out. Saturday 26. One of those delicious days when the breeze makes you feel that the the bees are busy among the buckwheat, and the grasshoppers as cherry as you feel yourself. My packing goes on busily. Tom is dictating a letter to me while Tot minds my babies I was foolish enough to read over my work list to the two Janes, on Sunday in order to let them suggest ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B26_F10_p019.jpg) Sept. July 1857 one or two trivial changes if they chose. Miss N. first told me that on the Sabbath it was onlucky, and she would not say a word on such subjects. The indig- -nation l felt then, I quenched with my favorite 14th Romans, but last night she informed me that she did not consider herself bound to obey Mrs. K's rules i.e. that she would not wash and dress downstairs. I told her she must obey the rules as long as she stayed in the house. Then she said there were several other objections — but the baby beginning to cry. I told her she might speak some other time Sunday 27. Yesterday at 4. Tom took me with great reluctance on my part to those wonderful Rocks. I had to ride a strange horse, one of Lucius' and felt so cowardly that all the way to Caspar Roper's Tom held my rein. When we got in the woods however I had to go by myself and soon was quite at ease. Dear Tom had blazed a path there for us, and we were able to ride as far as the rocky ground. Here we dismounted and tied the horses. Then we scrambled along over rocks so grown over by the richest carpeting of moss with a fringe of delicate ferns, that I made no objection to Tom's regulation that I must keep my eyes on the ground. There was enough beauty there to delight them for hours. At last Tom came to me, and throwing his arm round me bade me look up. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B26_F10_p020.jpg) Roper's Rocks – Roberts Lot, Elk Co. 9 There backed the green darkness of the forest, rose a vast ancient fortress of grey rock. The drawbridge had fallen, and a deep chasm of entrance yawned before us. Rift on rift the stony massive pile ascended, every stern -browed cornice fringed with fern growth and the dainty tracery a of young birches hung out here and there (against the sky), like waving banners. Higher yet, and higher, far above in the evening sky, rooteding with a firm grasp in the battlements, rose three or four standard-bearer pines. How grand it was, how weak my poor effort to describe its grandeur. We stole round its base to where the fortress had fallen more in ruin, and we could climb the fallen masses. Up we toiled painfully for it was no easy work at any time, and I had on a troublesome riding skirt. At last we were on the top looking away far far down till I grew dizzy. We clambered down with some difficulty, and it grew quite dark by the time we reached the horses. Frank's wonderful sagacity guided us out of the woods just as the moon rose, and we got home in safety. But Tom was fairly knocked up ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B26_F10_p021.jpg) with the anxiety he had felt lest I should pass the night in the woods. Besides he was sick before, poor darling. Sunday, Monday. — Two quiet dull days, people constantly boring us with farewell visits. Tuesday 29th. Up early, and preparing for departure when Tot flew in with the babies, saying that the house was on fire. Tom was on the top of the roof in a minute tearing off slats, and the fire was soon subdued. In a few hours we were away, Tom on the road to Ridgway, and the rest on the way to Barrett's, where we spent the night. So adieu to Elk County, and our happy summers there, shall we ever come back? "Howsoever these things be, a long farewell to Locksley Hale, Now for me the trees may wither, now for me the roof tree fall, Comes a vapour from the moorland black'ning over holt and hale. Let it fall in hail or fire, or rain or snow For a stormy wind arises, roaring seaward, and I go." Wednesday 30th Started through the rain to Olean, a most disagreeable cold, wet, journey. I was anxious about Tom and had a violent sick-headache. On arriving I was agreeably surprised by a letter from the Judge saying to Tom, that he must return with us, leaving or selling his horse, as his presence might be very necessary in Philada, as all the ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B26_F10_p022.jpg) banks had suspended payment! 10 I posted Judge Wilcox back for Tom, and wrote to him that we would wait for him at Olean, sending Eliza and Willie ahead of us. Thursday 1st October. I am not sure whether I shall not start after all. Tom may be in a violent hurry, and just be hampered by having so many women and children. I am not sure that I shall not start after all. Tuesday October 6th Fern Rock. After long uncertainty I, last Thursday, sent for my bill, Early on Friday we rode through a pouring rain to the depot. The train was an hour and a half behind time, and, knowing how very ill-managed the road was my state of mind almost amounted to anguish. I dreaded the responsibility involved in carrying off the children, I was very uncer- -tain whether I could, or could not, act as an effecient escort, and at the same time I feared that Tom might be sick, or might be vexed with me for starting when I had appointed to meet him. I paced up and down the platform in the grisly dim atmosphere, chilled and wretched, and oh so anxious to know what Tom would ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B26_F10_p023.jpg) have me do. Had I been independent, I should not have hesitated about the steps to take, but it puzzled me to know what he would wish. I decided to proceed, because I knew that Tom must express it through, which the babies couldn't. So that, if I preceded him to Elmira, we might join him, refreshed by a night's rest, and go part of the way at least in company. This would enable me to give him the gold which I had. (I stopped at Olean for him partly for that reason — lest his cheque might be worthless) —We went on to Elmira on Friday, and on Friday Morning, no answer to my telegraph to Tom, and with a very heavy heart I started with the children meaning to go as far as Danville. We were detained in a siding an hour and a half, to the great indigna- -tion of the passengers. At length a train dashed up, and lo and behold, Tom was on it chatting with some one on the platform. He did not know I was there and it was a very joyful meeting. He was rather vexed with me, I think, though he did not say so, for leaving him in the lurch at Kean. He persuaded me to go on, and we travelled till quite late in the evening, but missing the connection at Port Clinton, we took an up train to Mt Carbon where we spent the night. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B26_F10_p024.jpg) Sunday Oct. 3 Reached Fern Rock about ½ past 2 after depositing poor dear Tot at Mrs. Hemsley's. So she commences boarding-house life. We drove up Green Lane, and then ordered the carriage to go on slowly while we walked quickly up to the house. Such delight as they all showed! Monday – Busy unpacking. 11 Tuesday. Went to see Tot who is busy and happy. Commenced writing at Tom's dictation. N.13. So passed every evening of the week. Saturday. Papa writes that money matters must compel Tot to return to 16th St. I have kept the letter from her and written to urge his allowing her to remain, offering to pay the difference between her expenses in N.Y. and here. I said that as I did not wish her to discuss it with him, I should endeavour to keep her from going on to N.Y. on Tues- -day. When I told her that we could not go on, she said she would not be so coldhearted, & would go on alone. Sunday. I was in town yesterday, and but for Tot's affairs, enjoyed my trip. I called on Lang- -enheim about my pictures, but he asked to see my negatives. He said he did not ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B26_F10_p025.jpg) think the plates could have decomposed. I had previously shown the proofs to Mr. Guillon who seemed to think more with me. I had a nice long talk about Photography with him. I called on Weir's lady love, and was very agree- -ably disappointed in her. Today I read the Morning Service to the girls, and went to the Oak Lane School House Church with them in the afternoon. (Tot came to spend Sun- -day here) They were both very angry with us about Tot's visit to N.Y. Monday. 12th I think that if Tot persists in going I had better accompany her, as it may keep Papa from discussing the subject with her. Monday 26th. I stayed (with Tot) from Tuesday till Friday in New York and was glad I went. Charlotte and Harry both returned with me, the latter for 3 months. Since then I have been both too busy and too sick to write. Tom and I have been fretting about the way to live. I went twice to House of Refuge. And I took little Harry to stay through part of the day with me at Charlotte's. Harry, the aunt, and Harry the niece seemed equally pleased with each other. Today Charlotte and Harry were to spend here but the weather is too unfavorable. I have succeeded in putting all Tom’s papers in ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B26_F10_p026.jpg) order, a hard morning's work. Tomorrow if it is fair weather, I am to take a lesson from Mr Langenheim. 12 Tuesday 27th Went to town, and missing Tom as I left the station, found that he was running up Front Street supposing me gone ahead. I flew after him, and caught up to him in a perfectly breathless state. Took my lesson from Langenheim who informs me, to my infinite satisfaction, that the plates were spoiled, so I was not to blame for my failures. This is most encouraging! Bade my dear Tom goodbye. He goes to fetch our horse from Tyrone City. I mean to try to do as he would wish me to do while he is away. Called on the girls, and then went to the cars. Found Mother much better, and the dear little ones glad to see their mini-man[--]y Read aloud, and sewed in the intervals caused by Mother's kitchen visits. So passed the evening. Wednesday 28th My evening meditations were of baby clothes, I dreamed of them therefore. Little Elisha keeps me awake but I never can be angry with him when he opens those ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B26_F10_p027.jpg) lovely eyes, and twines his soft arms round my hand. I fell to work at my machine, and "sewed considerable" making for one thing a narrow slip of a bolster to fill up the interval between the crib and the bed, and keep little Elish. safe. I walked over with Harry to Kensselaer, but Mrs Smith was out. After tea I read aloud, besides writing to Mrs Wil- -cose Thursday 29. Wrote to Papa, and prepared for a visit from Charlotte and Harry. I am glad to say they really enjoyed it, playing with my sweet wee bairns, walking through the autumn golden woodlands, watching the sewing machine at work, etc. Sally Cadwalader, and Fanny Butler dined with us, and the girls went home well pleased. I made a pinafore for Harry very neatly in the machine and in the intervals of reading aloud at night tacked down two more ready for sewing on Thursday. I don't feel lonely, at least not very, this time of Tom's absence, for I feel as if he were thinking of me all the time. I know he loves me. And it is so happy-making, I feel as if I must tell every one. Like an absurd goose! ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B26_F10_p028.jpg) Oct 30 1857 Friday 30. Roamed about the place in search of John whom I wished to prepare some post for the hyacinths Tom brought out. Planted today, when will they flower? 13 My human flowers are going out to enjoy the sun and fresh air. I hear them chatter -ing upstairs. Elisha will soon talk. He is a great big healthy fellow, but I don't like the way my little sprite Harry's eye keeps sore. It does not heal up as if she were in vigorous health. Little darling, little darling, how I love her! She is much easier to control than Elisha will be, who is obsti- -nacy itself. Tuesday Nov 3. I was in town both Saturday and Monday, and saw the girls who are growing more cheerful. Tom returned on Saturday night bringing Frank, the horse, who was greatly admired. On Sunday Bess & I went to the House of Refuge and as the teacher of the Bible Class was sick we taught. I had seventeen girls from sixteen to nineteen years old. I should think. I wish I could be useful there! ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B26_F10_p029.jpg) Nov. 1857 Tuesday Nov. 10. Tom went away to Washington yes- terday, and before he went he took me to call on those poor McKibben's who are in great trouble I also called on Mrs. Guillon, and went to the dentist. In the evening wrote to Tom a little note. Wednesday Nov. 11. The girls spent with us. Little Elisha had his gums lanced. He is suffering a good deal and quite unwell. Jane Pickett had to be reproved and gave me notice somewhat pertly. Wrote to Tom and to Nell. Thursday 12th. Went to town, saw Miss Preston, Langen- -heim and Gardette with whom I have now finished. I feel as if I could settle down to nothing, expecting hourly as I do, news of P's * failure. God strengthen his mind! Heard from my dearest Tom today. Little Elisha still unwell. *Check period Nov. 1857 in William Wood's autobiography ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B26_F10_p030.jpg) 1857 T.L.K. leaves for Washington Christmas night 1857 26th December. I cannot write about all the horrors we have passed through since we I wrote last. God has mercifully brought out of them one great blessing al- -ready, in uniting Tom and me in the bonds of a common faith. Tom thinks he may be of service to Him by bringing about a peace between Utah & the U.S. and went on to Washington last night to see the President about it. May God give 14 him wisdom to do right, and may His peace be with him. And oh, may He guide Papa. – I am convinced that I ought to spend much time with my babies. I see that the flowers really expand when I am there, wee darlings. Their love and joy at having me with them are most evident. Elisha ?puts his ams so closely round my neck, and signs to know what? various things mean. It was time to answer the questions of the little inquiring mind, And Harry! What a warm heart she has! The little creature fairly loves the unseen "Dear Friend" whom? she is taught to thank for all her pleasures. 28th December, Sunday Night. I feel sure that God will guide and support dear Papa and provide for him in a way my short sighted humanity sees not. I trust Him. And, Father, I feel willing now, should it prove Thy will, to yield my dear hus- -band to Thy hands if Thou needest him to bring peace to those lost sheep of Israel. Lord, if I give Him to Thee cheerfully wilt Thou deign to accept it as my Thank ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B26_F10_p031.jpg) * offering for Thy infinite goodness in making him a Christian. Lord, Thou knowest that it is a sacri -fice for us to part when we are in trouble, and Thou wilt in mercy strengthen and help us. Lord, wilt Thou show us what Tom ought to do about his business, his daily duties? We do not quite see how to reconcile his neglecting them with his performing this. Lord, please put into the President's mouth right words. May they make the right course for Tom to pur- -sue plain. Give us strength to follow it when we see it, and oh, let the peace which Thou only canst give shine in our hearts. Help me to be a faithful wife to him, a faithful mother to our children, and to do my duties at home rightly, whether my dear com- -panion is with me, or away. For Christ's sake, amen! Tuesday 30th Dec. Tom returned last night. He gives up his clerk- -ship day after tomorrow and on the 5th of January sails, God's will be done! [text written in between main text] Then Paul answered, "What mean ye to weep and to break mine heart? for I am ready not to be bound only, but to die at Jerusalem for the name of the Lord Jesus. And when he would not be persuaded, we ceased, saying, The will of the Lord be done." [main text continued] I am going to give him my little Bible, and also have been copying some of our favorite pieces of poetry But it makes me sorrowful so I shall leave it for the present. Tot thinks I ought to visit friends in Philad. once a week at least, and I agree with her that I have (per- ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B26_F10_p032.jpg) Tom Sails Jan 5, 1858 -mitted myself to become too much absorbed in near duties, joys and sorrows, and have not sufficiently extended my sympathies. Can I afford it, however? I must give up Jane Pickett. I hope Mother can take her. I would prefer keeping her to Jane Nelly for she is pretty dirty and slovenly. 15 6th January. <1858!> My dearest husband sailed yesterday, I hope, I am sure, I did my duty to him in trying to help him and to be cheerful. Now—what can I do for him? When I think, there are so many things — I feel quite cheery to think God has mercifully given me so many things to occupy me. Poor Charlotte! She went back to 16th St on Monday, to be a sort of hostage in the ene- -my's camp, and with scarcely anything to do. Her lot is indeed harder than mine, unloved, and childless. Thank God for my darlings! Elisha almost upset my attempts at composure today by struggling forward to go to his father's room. His father! Oh my darling I can't write your name tearless. God help us to bear these weary months. 7th January Every one went to town today but me, so I had a taste of what I might have, if I were not at Fern Rock. However, I busied myself actively all day with the children, and various small matters and took a walk. I had a long sweet letter from dear Papa, I trust in God that he is perfectly well again. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B26_F10_p033.jpg) Sunday Jan. 10, 1858 I also had a note from Tot who says Mrs. W is treating her kindly. Sunday January 10 My first Sunday without my dear Tom is a very fit time to record a plan for my daily employment. In order to frame such a plan I must first think over my duties. While I am alone my first duty is to watch over his children; therefore the more time intelligently given to them the better. Next, my promises to him to try to be cheerful and to grow strong to be a help and comfort to him, when he comes back. Therefore in trying to cultivate my mind, let me keep from over doing anything, and thereby injuring either my bodily or spiritual (by this I mean tone of mind, not the mind of book-learning) health. Third, my duty to his parents, and family. Tot bade me remember that though I would find them considering me the one most to be cheered, yet that they were losing him too, and that he was beloved son and brother to them. I was the youngest too, and must try to cheer them. So no time taken from my own occupations, if it conduces to their happiness is to be grudged, if it does not injure my babies by taking time from them. Fourth. As a help to cheerfulness, attend to my ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B26_F10_p034.jpg) duties of society. And, Fifth, Remember to be as much with Bess as possible. So now, Rise in good time for breakfast. After breakfast, mind the babies till the rooms are done up, trim the lamp, read my Bible. (16) I should get this done by ten A. M. Now offer to read half an hour to Bess, sending the children, out if it is fine. Take a walk with Bess, or drive with Mother some part of the day. Endeavor to write my diary every day, and keep my accounts in good order. I have some copying yet to do, which must be finished so that must come in study hours. Find what part of the day is freest, to take two hours of studying in. Write twice a week to Tot, and the same to Papa. Twice a month only to my darling. Keep my evenings free for the family. Every fine Friday spend in visiting in town, and once a week take tea either at the Ingersoll's or the Fox's. (Fox's) Do not spend more time photographing than is right. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B26_F10_p035.jpg) Last week I tried to read to Bess, but not very success- -fully as she was in town often. I was very busy getting Tom's papers and clothes arranged, as I still am, but I hope soon to be through. Bess and I are reading. Stop I'll keep a list of the books we read, on the opposite page. Tom wants me to interest myself in the garden, which I'll do for his sake. Tot wants me to go regularly to church, which I'll do for her sake. And I hope God will help me to do right. And help dear Tom and me to really trust Thy promises! Poor Bess, and Tot, and Papa, God bless them all. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B26_F10_p036.jpg) (17) Books read by E. D. K while Tom is away Beginning January 6th 1858 with E. J. Farnham's California (Finished Jan 13) Aloud 1st No. Virginians (VIRGINIANS) " Arnold's Poems " T. J. Farnham's California & Oregon (Jan 12) To myself Hyde's Mormonism Begun (12th Jan). (HYDE'S MORMONISM) " Ferris' Utah " " 2nd No. Virginians To Bess Rose of Ashurst " Mother Scale of Diet Merchant Service 18th Jan. To myself Richter on Education " Stanley's Sinai & Palestine " Meig's Philadelphia Practice " The Daisy Chain " February Finished Richter 8th Began Bridge's Algebra Bremer's President's Daughters Lizzie read aloud Countess of Rudolstadt Austrian Prisons in Italy. F. Orsini Aloud. 3rd No Virginians To Bess Westminster Review. March Macaulay's History of England 1st vol. Aloud (Did not finish it) [Note: KENT has these] 4th No Virginians " ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B26_F10_p037.jpg) Coale's Photography - carefully. Began Meig's Diseases of Children April Sir John Maundeville's Travels. Aloud. Life of Bishop White. North British Review (Articles Bossuet, and Arnold) Robertson's Sermons? Evangeli[-] de San Mateo Maiden & Married Life of Mary Powell, Mrs. Milton Aloud. ?5th Virginians " May Memoirs of Jaqueline Pascal. Trench's Hulsean Lectures Kingsley's Saints Tragedy Aloud Christ in Hades — W. W. Lord 6th Virginians Aloud Kingsley's Andromeda ” Philip II. 1st Vol June June Philip II 2nd vol. Cloister Life of Charles the Fifth 7th Virginians ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B26_F10_p038.jpg) Marcia says this is copied. Monday Jan. 11. Finished copying the Trust Deed. Went to little Burns' funeral. Read aloud to Bess, and minded babies. Washed glass photograph plates. Tuesday, Jan. 12. Worried over Tom's accounts which I can- -not comprehend, wrote to A. J. Wilcox, Walter & Papa, called on Miss Fox, and coated four dry plates to use if I can find time on Thursday. This evening we propose spending at Mrs Ingersoll's and going to town tomorrow. Wednesday, Jan. 13. I quite enjoyed last evening though I should have infinitely preferred staying at home. Today I went to town and called on the Dunlaps and Pattersons. Had a long talk with Pat about Tom's accounts. Read aloud (and knitted) in the evening to Mother and Bess. Thursday, January 14. Finished Mrs Farnham's book to Bess, knitted, photographed, received a call from Mr. Inger- -soll, spent the afternoon at Letitia Harrison's and read a little of the second number of the Virginians aloud to poor Bess. Knitted, and I am sorry to say read a little of a stupid novel. I wish I could make Bess pay attention while I read. Friday, Minded babies, beat up eggs, wrote a long letter to Papa, wrote diary, Strange and it is that, I am so cheerful, but I scarcely feel as if my darling was absent. I have so much to do, and feel so loved by him - it seems as if he were with me. I am sure his heart is. My darling! How easy duty is when it his ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B26_F10_p039.jpg) clear before one, compared to the horrible difficulties of conflicting duties. God has mercifully made my path so clear for the present, that I hope I shall be enabled to gather strength for dark days. Saturday January 16. Yesterday, my diary written I walked all the way to Crescentville with Bess to see some poor half starved people. Coming home, dressed for dinner, read "the Virginians" aloud. Mr Wharton and Pat dined and spent the evening here; the former in wild spirits. He read aloud all my favorite pieces of Tennyson, in his horrid sing-song way. Today, I have written to Charlotte, & taken charge of my wee babies so far in the day. — o spirits are so depressed that it is very hard to be cheerful with the additional weight on me. I think the case hopeless, and fear that it will not be rightly taken. — said to me that I was perhaps mis- -taken in trying to struggle into cheerfulness, it was better to try to fully realise the grief - speaking of Tom's absence to me, but speaking to -self of - own grief — and take it as from God. I said, I knew that I must inevitably realise it constantly, without any trying, and it struck me that God expected us to do our duty, and conquer grief. Our duty was to be unselfish, and think of others, and to forget ourselves. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B26_F10_p040.jpg) If we did ourselves or others good by realising it, it might be another matter. But realising it, as far as I could see, meant depressing every one by a sad face, and being thoroughly self-absorbed. Perhaps I am hard-hearted, but it is not just now very hard to be cheerful. Knowing that Tom felt it his duty to go, trusting that it may restore him to me in sound health, feeling that by yielding cheerfully I could say to dear Christ that I was glad to show Him a little bit of thankfulness for his great goodness in sending His Holy Spirit into my darling's heart, and having so much cause of thankfulness in Papa's health — it seems as if I ought to go cheerfully on my way. I have very plain, and very pleasant duties, no painful ones just now, no cause, I believe, to reproach myself on dear Tom's account. I tried to help him as far as I could, before he went, and to keep up his heart, and kept a cheerful look on my face as he looked the last look as his vessel bore him off. I have confidence in God, that He will take care of him, and I know, oh how joyful a knowledge, that be the days many or few we spend here on earth, we will be together in Heaven! ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B26_F10_p041.jpg) Here comes one of my puzzles, and, with no Tom to ravel it out, I shall write it down. Maybe it will ravel itself out, if I force myself to express it clearly. I often say, that were it not for the grief it would cause Tom, and the good I may be able to do the children, I would just as lieve die as live. While God has work for me I'm very willing to stay, but if He takes me I'm very willing to go. Besides I feel as if, but that's another— Tom and Tot both say in different ways that I'm wrong. Tom speaks of my being the instrument of some great work — of lecturing to women, etc, I am sure he over rates my mental powers, as well as my physical, and therefore it is not, only lazi- -ness, which prompts my extreme disinclination to contemplate such a mission. Tot says that I think too much of Heaven's peace, I ought not to think about that much. Let God take me there if He pleases. My affair is, to do the work He sends me here, and to enjoy the pleasures He gives on earth. Well. I agree with her, but in the last part. But I don't think her theory ought to conflict with mine. Tom does not like my saying "To thee, oh dear, ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B26_F10_p042.jpg) –1858– dear country." Now I don’t see the harm of it. I think it helps one to keep above troubling oneself about trifling cares, and I am sure it ought not to keep one from enjoying God's gifts here, or doing his work. Well. I am not sure whether I entirely mean all I say. I think I do. but I remember that though I can think of Tot, or Willie, or Papa, or Bessie K's death as a blessed relief from their troubles, and feel as if, God taking them, we ought not to repine, yet, I could not for an instant do aught but shudder at the idea of Tom’s going. I remember that I could not endure the thought when he was so ill. It was perfect agony. I know if I were to be at any of their sick beds, I should feel so, but I mean if I were to hear of their deaths. I cannot believe I am hard hearted, for I know how intensely I love them, yet why cannot I accept my theory even with regard to Tom also? — Poor dear Tom, I wonder if he would despise me if he knew how little vocation I feel for the ideal life he plans for me. To have health, daily work cut out by God, mental occupation and to have him my dear companion, in health, labouring at, his daily round, living in the midst of our family — such is 20 my wish. I would like to be a good wife, mother, daughter ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B26_F10_p043.jpg) sister, friend, and mistress – a good housekeeper – to have mental occupation enough to make me the two first, and medical knowledge sufficient to aid me in all– money enough to keep us from want or thought of tomorrow – a good many things I do want after all. Now I have written too long so I will clean my sewing machine for variety. Sunday January 17th My theory is good for nothing. Harry was threatened with croup last night, and I am perfectly knocked up and miserable. God preserve her, my little darling. Yesterday I worked with the machine, and studied a little medicine. In the evening I read aloud to Mrs. Kane. Today I have been with Harry save just when I was writing a note to Tom. Oh Harry my darling! Sunday Evening Iam almost afraid to go to bed, lest Harry should be suddenly taken sick. Poor Jane Pickett has been sick in bed for two days. I am sinfully depressed by sweet Harry's sickness. What would become of Tom if anything happens to her, while he is away. Tom and I must be very open hearted to each other. It is a great pain to me to find that he has so long been grieving over my disinclination to talk about the West, and that it seriously discomposed his plans. It would have saved him all his bother poor darling, if he had told me of it at once, ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B26_F10_p044.jpg) because one can make one's mind up as well sum as syne. I have been sleeping too long in fancied security that Tom would point out my faults to me, and I daresay while I slumbered the enemy has sowed a flourishing crop of them. Dear Tom loves me so, he will pet and spoil me, and perhaps there are other things I do that worry him constantly. I wish I knew! I might take the opportunity of his absence to correct them. —Bess said to me the other day, she would like me to have four children, and I laughingly said "Well, I would like to have three” — and then I remembered—. I had allowed myself to forget it. I must keep it in mind till it becomes a fixed fact. How strange that it should grieve me, as an actual felt loss, to think that the dream children must never come. I suppose it is because they would be Tom's Tuesday January 19. I yesterday minded the babies a great deal as J.P. was sick, and read aloud to Mother, and walked to Branchtown with Bess. Today drove out with Mother wrote to Papa, and I am now dressed to entertain the Metherills who are to dine here Dear Harry is much better. 21 January 21. I spent a very pleasant day yesterday at Mary Field's and returned to find Elisha sick with croup. So I was up and down all night. God help & support me. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B26_F10_p045.jpg) 1858 Yesterday I sent Pat the account I drew up for Tom as Executor for E's Estate. I hope it is rightly done Today I have been adding up the account of my expenses in dress for the years. $191.20. a saving of $160 on my clothes compared with B. K's and poor Tot's. Harry has cost not quite $30. Elisha not quite $12. At this rate our darlings don't cost much. I made Harry two pretty plaid frocks out of a school dress of Nelly's which was a saving Saturday 23rd January. Both children are much better, thank God. I don't feel particularly well myself, I think I'm going to have one of my colds. Yesterday I spent nearly all the morning in overlooking Bessie's accounts. Then we went to Grubtown to see those poor factory people, and then came home where I did all the seams of a dress for one of the Grubtown children at my wheel. Thin Pat & H. Wharton came to dinner, and spent the evening. Today Bessie has gone to stay in town for a fortnight so the house will be pretty lonely. However I hope I shall be able to study more now. Sunday January 24. Dear little Elisha's croup seems to have passed over, leaving behind it only the severe cold from which we are all suffering. May God preserve these little darlings. I dread the summer, but, He doeth all things well! How winning they seem to me! Elish's sickness seems ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B26_F10_p046.jpg) 1858 to have brought him forward in his mental growth. He has the dearest little ways of expressing his wishes Today he touched my hand and then pushed it towards the piece of bread he wanted. He is very loving. If you lay your head down and close your eyes, he creeps up, lays his cheek caressingly on yours cooing like — like a dear baby as he is. He must sleep holding Jane's hand under his cheek, and he kisses people of his own accord. Little Harry is passionately devoted to a few, and has such sweet shyness about showing her fondness. They both sing a great deal– with no tune, however. Harry says she must go in the big ship to meet Papa. Poor father of theirs! Are you wishing to be with us this Sunday morning, my own darling? Yesterday I sent Doctor Stokes to see one of the Grubtown women. I did not go out of doors, but sat at my wheel some time. I mean to keep it as nice looking as I have got it by dint of oiling everywhere, and rubbing it up. I made another frock, an apron, and a peignoir. I read an hour steadily on the bones of the pelvis. I cannot say I found it at all interesting, but it is 22 well to begin. Also I copied some more into my Photography book. And finished, all but one sleeve, a little crimson sacque I am knitting for Harry. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B26_F10_p047.jpg) So another week has gone by – oh so long it seems! I hope Tom is more courageous than I about our sepa- -ration. I would not mind his journey if I could peep at him once a day to warn him to take care of himself. I hope my Bible is a comfort to him. Tuesday 26th January. Today is my darling's 36th birthday. Yes- -terday our engagement had its sixth anniversary. God bless my darling! Notwithstanding my cold, I called yesterday on Mrs Plitt whose husband has just been turned out of office by Judge Grier. In the evening I copied a little of our Judge's to Judge Grier dissenting from the appoint -ment of a Mr Patton in Mr Plitt's place. I also wrote to Tot. I had a hope that Mr Plitt's dismissal would make him work anxiously to make the clerk's office a life one in the President's appointment. If Tom could then be re-appointed Clerk what a blessing, it seems, it would be. The Judge says however that Mr P. will not wish for any place under Grier. So I must not hope for that. — I may leave the future in His hands, He will provide. What a comfort that Our Friend knows better than we and will take care of our future if we try to do right in the present. "Only the present is thy part and fee, and happy thou, ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B26_F10_p048.jpg) *Sunbury & ERie R.R. If, though shouldst not frown thy future brow Thou couldst well see What present things require of thee," I was sorry to find, on asking the Judge whether I could not make a rough sketch of the letter Tom wanted sent to councils as Director of the P. * & E. Board , that it was too late. The report is sent in. There goes the labour, of mind and body, of Tom's whole summer besides a considerable sum of money, and all hope of benefiting Williamsville If Tom could only have spared time to finish it. I hope it is not a wrong feeling of paltry am- -bition that makes me so very much disappointed by this. I know how much labour, what brain, and ingenuity this cost, and I was very proud of his three routes — and to have all this more than wasted — for it will pass down as "one of Tom's half-finished schemes," "one of the times when he has started with steam up on his hobby worked for too hard, and then abandoned it." I know that Tom has plenty of perseverance, and I know that Tom has plenty of perseverance, and I know how many things he has done — but who will remember these, if the reputation of this sorty of saying sticks to him. 23 I say to myself that I am not ambitious for [text perpendicular on left side of page] Quoting whom? ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B26_F10_p049.jpg) Tom, and in one sense, I am not. I am far prouder of being Tom's chosen one than if I had been E's of whom all the world talked, because I know how much Tom is the superior. But I cannot endure daws to peck at him, and it galls me so to hear it implied that "poor Tom" doesn't attend regularly to his official duties, or hasn't kept a proper orthodox account of E's estate, or hasn't the Sunbury & Erie papers in a com- -prehensible form, or flirted — though that's not to the purpose — or didn't do some one of the things that people of no more intellect than Evan Thomas could and would do perfectly well. I can't say anything to the contrary, and I could bite my fingers off for vexation. Dear Tom, I'll ask him when he comes back to get his humdrum affairs in order to gratify his humdrum wife. I too neglect my hum-drum duties, and I am trying to correct the fault, trying to be tidy, to keep my plants nicely, and to be a mother to my little ones in trifles. Wednesday January 27. Last night I wrote to Aunt Alida, thanking her for a pair of shoes furnished Harry, to Lizzie Mitchell, J. P. Green, and a very long letter to Papa. Today ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B26_F10_p050.jpg) * Ship Judge Kane's two sons not T.L.K's with same names. I had letters from Aunt Eliza, and Walter. I lay in bed, for my cold's sake till ten, finishing a little knitted polka for Harry. I was hardly dressed when in came Miss Russell's niece Miss Ford to spend the day. So I gave up my whole day to her. I had a slip of paper from Dr Stokes— a prescription for Mrs Brow, so tomorrow I must go to Germantown with it. Thursday— Thank God the Moses *Taylor is in. So that, even if I have no letter I shall be sure that half of my darling's voyage was safely accomplished. Last night, after writing in my diary, I copied a foolscap page of Mr L's directions into my Photography book, besides a whole quantity of additions to my receipt book. Among others I wrote down the advice and prescriptions I received for the Croup, and for those almost chronic styes of Harry's. After prayers Mother and Father began talking about *Elisha and Willie, speaking of the comfort of knowing they were Christians. So I told them my darling was one. I think they ought not to have so great a comfort kept from them. My darling — if I should die while you are away, and you read this, I would like to tell you, that I think you ought to let Johnny and Pat know this. Your example ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B26_F10_p051.jpg) has been so much thought of by them, that your influence 24 ceasing to act against Christianity, may foster their spark into a flame. For respectability's sake, both will probably be regular church-goers, and sneer covertly at Christianity. You know I don't want you to belong to any sect, but I think that your acknowledging your faith may help them to be really as they will outwardly seem, Christians. They are afraid of your ridicule, and I think my darling ought not to deny Christ in words any more than in actions. What a close tie it makes between us! I thought when I loved him we were closely drawn together, and when he was my baby’s father, but yet this is closer and dearer than any of the links that sorrow, pain, and joy have drawn so closely round us. Either of us may die, but now we will be united afterwards. — Today I went down with m Mother to the gar- -den to see the new hot bed she is having dug. I want to keep my promise to Tom to see about the garden next spring, and to that end I peruse M' Mahon & Buist frequently. My window hyacinths reward me by promising finely, and the old draggly ivy that came from Sir Walter Scott’s grave is putting out new leaves. I have been inspecting Marjory’s work. Today I made a batch of rye-bread under super- ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B26_F10_p052.jpg) -vision which both Judge and Mrs K. pronounced delicious. I want to learn household duties for Tom's sake. I went over to Germantown for some medicines, and things for Mrs Brow. All day I was so buoyed up by hope of a letter from Tom, which did not come. I cannot hear now till the 28th of next month. God bless and keep my darling. Little Elisha got half way across the room by the aid of chairs. He says "cock" and "Og" and points them out with his little slender forefinger. I wish, now that the point Mother has so long been complaining of was so nicely at rest, she would leave it alone. Tom told me nothing about it but feelings were probably wounded in gaining the point & since it is gained why tempt its neglect? I noticed such an evident improvement in looks and health, and brightness. And it was needed too. I wish I dared say to her not to do it, but I suppose I ought not to. interfere. Saturday January 30th <1858> Yesterday, I made wheat bread, and copied some Hydro-graphic papers for the Judge in the morning. In the evening I wrote to Papa, Sabina, Charlotte, Pat and J. P. G. besides sending off several papers for Tom. Yes, for Tom! After all ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B26_F10_p053.jpg) my disappointment, I had a note from him written partly on the 15th of Jan. at Panama, partly about 13-14th near Aspenwall. I almost shudder to think how close and intimate our union is. Even when separated we sometimes feel together. He says, "Am I right? This evening, I felt as if you were thinking that to indulge in weakening grief over our separation was wrong." And again " "And I will make you feel that I am with you." Look now at January 15, in my diary. Those were the very thoughts I had been thinking on the three or four preceding days, though <&> the simple mention in my 25 diary recalls them all. Is it not strange? When he comes home unexpectedly from a journey I know it before he is within hearing. — I am so thankful for this letter from dear Tom! Sunday January 31. I did very little yesterday. Not feeling well I lay down for some hours while I finished Harry's spring-hood. I have the edge yet to make for the hideous one I passed yesterday evening in making is too deep in colour. I was not out of doors at all. I felt as if Tom landed yesterday or at least was in San Francisco. I wonder when he did land! Today, after my sunset prayer I re-read his precious note. How he loves me and our darlings. God help me to become even a ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B26_F10_p054.jpg) faint shadow of what he calls? me. I treated my- -self to a perusal of his Washington letters. How thankful I am that he thought me a comfort to him. My darling, sweet friend. I hope he won't despise me when he comes back. Tom a Christian and studying Christ's word as his guide, will be farther than ever beyond me. That strange dream of so many years ago, when I was with ?Tom struggling onward through a dark tunnel through which deep? river flowed. At its end was a light that glowed out upon the ?waters. I was raised upon a rocky ledge and so walked almost dryshod while Tom struggled waist-deep, and held my hand, Then I was up to my neck and Tom was high up. But suddenly I was in the glowing light, holding my arms out to him who was still struggling? on through deep waters. I used to fancy it an allegory. I wonder ?if it may prove so. I hope that God will bless my effort to be cheerful I ?am glad Tom is away, breaking every fearful association with our ?late trials. It is to me the hardest part of our separation - being? no longer able to bury my eyes on his bosom and be comforted by his sympathy. He alone knows all my ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B26_F10_p055.jpg) fears, and shared with me the? horrors of our dreadful duty, and he could comfort me. No, no, Not even he. My Saviour, my Comforter, Thou ?knowest all, even the secret terrors, and the awful sight and sounds ?that I dare not even let myself give words too, to Tom, lest I should? vainly strive to put them away. Thou canst help me to banish? them, and I bow to Thy hand, acknowledg- -ing that it is Thy mercy? that spares Tom, and teaches me that when I walk through the valley of the shadow of Death, Thou art with me. Thy rod and Thy staff alone can comfort and sup- -port. I thank Thee that I cannot break down my dear companion with my troubles. Help me to meet him again,? bright, brave, and cheerful. Strengthen, if it please. Thee, this? feeble body, to be a support to Tom and to be fit for the task of ?educating the dear children Thou hast given us. And Thou who knowest the sorrow that I dare not write, have pity. That warning of —'s not to hope, but to anticipate the worst. Oh Christ, earthly science may so decree it, but 26 Thou canst avert it, and I know Thou hearest prayer. Let my constant prayer come before Thee and answer it in mercy. Our Savior Redeemer, help, for Thy name's sake! ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B26_F10_p056.jpg) Tuesday February 2. Yesterday I went to town called for Bess and waited with her Aunts Alida & Helen, left my name at Cousin Mary Gray's, and called on E. Holmes. I went to the Merchant's Hotel to call on Mrs Torney by Tom's request, but she is living in Spruce Street, so I must go another day. Dined at Mrs. Mitchell's where I met Mr Coale the Baltimore lawyer & photographer with whom I had what Weir called a "photographic flirtation", that is to say he gave me a great deal of information. He was kind enough to say he would send me a copy of his book, in the sheets, and another when it is bound. A pouring rain set in, so Dr Mitchell sent me home in a carriage as far as the station. Neuralgic headache all night, and all day today. I did not rise till half past ten and then worked hard till dinner time looking over E.H.K's papers for Mr Bache. I found nothing available, the Judge says, The afternoon I spent in bed but managed to get down at tea - time. I listened to the Judge all evening except while I wrote this & pasted Mormon scraps for Tom. I am sorry to receive a bill for $10.50 from Engle for plastering. This takes away all my money but $9. which I must keep for washing bills. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B26_F10_p057.jpg) I wish Mr. Heazlitt would send me some money. I wish I could earn money! It seems as if I were so extravagant to have used all Tom left with me, but every bill he left has exceeded his estimate. I have a hundred dollars still to pay, and it must come out of the money Mr Heazlitt pays over. Then I have servants' wages since last May, and I hate to owe them and besides all this in spring I'll have to buy some clothes. Pat has taken all the stock, etc, saying he wants it kept for Tom, and that I must let him give me all the money I need. Now I know how hard it is for him to scrape up money, and besides I know it will be hard to get him to take it again. So I'll do my best to get along. I wish I could earn it! Wednesday. February 3. This would have been poor - no not poor now, how much happier he is! – Elisha's birthday. It made me very sad to go over his papers and recall the conversations that took place over some, But "God shall wipe away all tears from their eyes, and there shall be no more sorrow nor sighing." How sore my heart is tonight! I have a letter from Papa saying that he has returned to Sixteenth Street. My God, help us. How powerless I feel, the letter just brought back the pain in my head, with a sorer pain in my heart. Last night ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B26_F10_p058.jpg) 27 I could scarcely touch the pillow, it ached so, and now the pain is back. I wish I could make my body keep up. I can control my spirits in a great measure, but my hateful ugly body pines and suffers. Oh Tom, my heart's darling, I do try so for your sake to be strong and well, but it seems out of my own power. I try, for Christ's sake, to relinquish you cheerfully, but it is a hard struggle. Last night I yielded to the tempta- -tion of recalling how tenderly you always cared for me when my head ached, how you would take off my shoes for me, and when I was in bed, come and lay your darling head by mine and soothe me to sleep with loving word But I found I began to cry, so I forced my thoughts off. I dare not think of your tender- -ness, nor dare I think how you too may be suffering for me, nor of the hardships you are undergoing. We can pray for each other, and as I am spared your sufferings, so thank God, you are spared mine. Dear darling, you think like Lancelo Tristram, "Ah no, she is asleep in Tyntagil, Far hence, her dreams are sweet, her sleep is still, Of me she recks not, nor of my despair," and I too hope that you are gathering strength and health. Tom, if I can't stand it, and you ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B26_F10_p059.jpg) are reading your dead wife's journal, believe me that I struggled my very utmost to keep up, and not to grudge your sacrifice, by pining away. But oh, my husband, it is very hard to part from you when we are so weakened by our late trials. May God keep you in the hollow of His hand, and if it be His will restore us to each other. Tom, were you by me today at sunset when I was nearly overwhelmed with this news? I leaned my head over towards where you seemed, and I felt just as if your arm were round me, and I grew comforted as I prayed. I'm not doing right now. I ought not to write these unhappy feelings down, for I had fought them off. How nice it will be to read my dearest's diary that he promises me. And what a comfort his precious note from Panama is! I wrote to Tot and to Papa today, but the latter is superseded by the letter I received. So I shall write again to him. I wrote at Tot's request a letter on photography for Ju Alfred Pell. I knitted a good deal today finishing a hood for Harry, and commencing a jacket to match. I also planted my remaining hyacinth bulbs. Friday February 5th Yesterday I was entirely alone all day. Mother was in town at the Widows' ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B26_F10_p060.jpg) Asylum and the Judge, who went to the Opera on Wednes- -day, went with 3000 other people to hear Mr Everett lecture on Washington. So I first read the paper, therein finding that Bishop Potter had written a long complimentary notice of Uncle James Kane in his address to the Merchants' Fund Meeting, 28 which I cut out for Tom's family book. Then I cleaned my sewing machine, and made the tucks and hems of four pairs of pantalettes for Harry, then I minded the babies awhile and then read steadily for two hours Dr. Meig's Philadelphia Practice. I stopped where he says – "Without having the subject to examine it is impossible for the student to comprehend me." Having some time before arrived at the same conclusion, I shut up my book. This makes a fit introduction to my evening's employment. The Judge came out in the 3 o' clock train returning to town after dinner. He ad- -vised me to write to Walter, not to Papa at all on the subject of his return, so after tea I sat down to write. (Mother returned at 5 P. M. and seemed glad to chat over the incidents of her day with me, so I must remember always to go upstairs with her.) After tea she sat down with her account book. I first wrote to Erastus Bur– ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B26_F10_p061.jpg) -lingame, and then sat down to began my letter to Walter. I hardly thought I could write it but my feelings grew excited, and the only diffi- -culty was to stop. Then I feared my letter was too strong, so I determined to enclose it in a note to the Judge asking him to burn or send it as he thought fit. Now it happened that the thoughts which had been running in my head for some days had made me pray — that if I were right in thinking that I need regular occu- -pation for my health both bodily & mental, that the way might be opened to it. I added, that if He thought it right I would very much like to earn money too, but prayed that He would not grant the request if it was universe. So, my letter to the Judge, for it grew to one, to my surprise, finally terminated in a statement of the necessity I felt for mental occupation for at least two hours a day. I spoke of my efforts to occupy myself, of the dreadful sights and dreams against which I struggle, and of my feeling that two hours devoted to some object would make a pivot for my day to turn on, and would give me a savour for my other employments. Two hours a day till spring I said, ought to produce some result, if in ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B26_F10_p062.jpg) money, well, or if in some finished work, well too, but I did not want to fritter away the time. Would the Judge then seek me some occupation, if he thought, judging from the facts I gave him, that my inference was right? During this season photography out of doors is impracticable, as this cold warns me to my cost. When the letter was written I could scarcely believe my own eyes. I supposed that I would not feel like sending a letter, so purely the result of an impulse, in the morning, and so turned in to adding columns in Mother's account book till bedtime. Tom, you don’t believe as I do in special providences, as you call them, but I am sure that when I pray God to guide me, I do right. So, this morning, waking after the first, (aye dearie, the nights are sad to me now,) sweet refreshing sleep I have had since you left, and feeling still in the mood of sending the letter, I took it to town with me. I had to go for Mother. You will wonder why I did not quietly stick at Medicine – Well Tom, my excuse is this. I have tried. Without a master, and without models or pictures I can’t get on. To study 29 it for any time I have to absent myself ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B26_F10_p063.jpg) Medical study from the household. Mother neither knows, nor would approve, my course of study. This makes me liable to constant calls on my time. Then, my nerves, for the present, are, I find very much broken. Medicine does not remove my thoughts from the subject — you understand what I mean – and I am worse for every hour so spent. I left the letter at the Court, performed my errand for Mother, and called at the Mitchells I asked Lizzie to tell Weir that I would be obliged by his giving me the title of the best modern book on Children's Diseases, for I don't want to drop Medicine if I can find a branch I can safely pursue alone. Then Lizzie, Bessie, and I, called on the Dunlaps. Miss Julia was much better. Passing up Fifth Street Pat met us and begged me to meet him at the Academy as he wanted to talk to me. Then we stopped at Langenheim's, as I wanted directions for cleaning plates. He showed me how to do it while the girls went into perfect ecstasies over his stereoscopic pictures. He assures me my copying camera will be ready next week. This ensures me some of my pleasantest work soon. Huzza! (By the bye at Tot's request I wrote a long letter on photography to Alfred Pell who wants to learn) ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B26_F10_p064.jpg) Then we went to the Academy where I waited an hour and a half in vain for Pat. My visits to Mrs Forney, and Mrs Mott, were thus again delayed, but I don't think the time was wasted. A number of English pictures are on exhibition there, few of them worth looking at, but one, the parting between Lord William and Lady Rachel Russell 1683, is entrancing. They are in his cell - the accessories being admirably painted they say, - the figures are life-size. They stand near the door, one of her hands clenched on the lock, the other clasped in both his. He is saying "In a few hours this hand now so warm in yours clasp will be forever cold." Her face expresses just what she must have felt, for alas, this agony they really felt passed through. Determined not to grieve him by a tear, she stands looking at him, pale, but resolute. She is gazing stead- -fastly into his eyes, returning their intense sad look with one that says so much. You can see that if she sees in his face that he will break down she will call up a smile into her poor face, for all her breaking heart. But her set mouth, and the line round its corners show what is pent up, as well as the violet shadows ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B26_F10_p065.jpg) Man vs woman and transparent wanness of her countenance betray the sleepless anxiety she has gone through. Her golden hair hangs uncurled on her shoulders, and her blue hood comes forward over the pure calm brow which gives promise that she will conquer her sorrow and give him no additional pain. Poor fellow, it is manlike in him to say what he did, the sort of tactless expression of what he felt without thinking of the pain he gave her. You can read in her face that she has had it said just while she was doing her utmost to look bravely into his beloved eyes, and that she has strained her powers to their greatest tension to maintain her gaze unchanged, that no flash of pain may pass over her face. 30 No woman would have said that. She has thought a hundred of those sad things, but she smothers their expressions as they rise. His face expresses one thought, not the many that you read in hers. He has forgotten what he said a moment ago, for it was a sort of ejacula- -tion, a thought passing thought. His gaze drinks in her whole face, searching every line with a complete resolution of his whole soul into the determina- -tion to print her image on it that he may carry it to heaven with him. That is all he thinks of, he is not thinking of what his face may say, nor of himself at all, nor of her feelings; only ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B26_F10_p066.jpg) he knows that it is their parting. She learns his face off too, but she thinks of what hers says to him, and bids herself keep up a brave front for his sake. She does not know how her agony betrays itself unconsciously poor thing. Both are unselfish in different ways. Which is least so? — Well, you see I felt this picture or I wouldn't try to paint it for you. In the cars, the Judge sat by me, and told me that he had read my letter, and written one to go with it to Walter, but on consideration he thought my letter devolved the responsibility on him so completely, that it required no more pressure on him, poor fellow, so he kept back his letter. About my letter to himself he said that I was right in thinking occupation good for me. Copying, or other occupation producing money would he thought occupy time without occupying my mind much, and would deteriorate my health, giving me also very little return in money. The occupation he thought of, was one which would be advantageous in the education of the children, and was also useful at all times. It demanded undivided attention. The want of it was a great deficiency in the female mind, ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B26_F10_p067.jpg) though mine was unusually well-trained, and I would probably enjoy very much, the study of Mathematics. Pat talked to me after dinner on the same sub- -ject. He said he was not sure about the study but agreed as to the necessity of something. He felt more inclined to my turning towards some profession, and I told him why I did not keep at Medicine. I told him I should like to learn Book-keeping and he said he wanted to learn too, and in a few weeks hoped to have leisure. Then he would get Mr Sturgis to give us both lessons. I daresay he never will get time, still I should like to learn if he can. About Mathematics I haven't made up my mind. I daresay it's useful, but I don't feel any inclination towards it. You will remind me of the West. Well, Tom, to tell the truth, the more I read about the West, the less I like it. But, dear, weren't they kind, interesting them- -selves at once, so much? Wasn't it an answer to my prayer? I had cause to thank God too about my sweet little Harry. I really believe there is good seed sown in her little heart young as she is. She was sitting on her grandmother's lap at ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B26_F10_p068.jpg) dessert time, and said coaxingly "Presarves is lovely!" So Grandma said to me, "Shall I give her some?" I shook my head. But when a minute had elapsed Grandma put some in her mouth. I said laughingly (31) "Naughty Grandma to give Harry preserves!" The little thing opened her mouth and dropped the just-tasted mouthful, saying - My grandma's bad, and then clasped my neck, and having gained the victory cried bitterly. Grandma followed her with the spoon but she wept and refused it steadily, saying "I can't like presarves, presarves must be ugly." I praised and kissed her to my heart's content. I often fancied that I was correct in my hope that it was the idea of obeying me that influenced her, when I have seen her in reply to my head-shake refuse a thing offered her that she wanted. She never will take a thing from any one else that I have refused her, and if she doubts about whether any unusual luxury is permissible she always turns to read my face, and if it looks negative she will refuse it. Then she sobs, poor wee pet, but she has said "Get thee behind me, Satan" and she sticks to it. God bless her, and help me to train her and her brother to be His Children. notation by ? Bless you, mother, how cousin "Sashy" stern thy sweetness is Kane ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B26_F10_p069.jpg) Saturday, February 6th. Household occupations all day. I found Mother so much distressed – Ja Bridget & Ann both being away — by her preparations for receiving Mr & Mrs Hilgard, that I let Jane Picket do her work all day, and I made a pudding, wiped the breakfast things, set the table and tried to make myself useful. It was such a clear bright day that, as Mrs H. did not come, I walked over to call on Mrs. Ingersoll and spent an couple hour there. Mr Hilgard I found very interesting. In the evening the Judge explained to me what Algebra is. I suppose I am in for it. If it were to be of no use I think I should learn in gratitude for his kindness. They are all so kind to me, Tom. I also copied some more of my photography. Sunday, February 7. I let Jane Pickett go to town yesterday afternoon and bade her be sure to return this afternoon. She has not come, and I shall have to take her to task. How I hate it! I wish I were one of those model housekeepers who are so friendly with their servants, and reprove them in such a wonderful way. I wonder what such a one would say to Jane. She is active, neat, and bright and willing to work, but thoughtless as a child, passionate, and invariably saucy when reproved, I wish ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B26_F10_p070.jpg) she had returned! As she is away, I had to take care of both children a good deal. I was amused by Elisha's efforts to walk from one chair to another. He kept saying "ah-ah-ah" in an encouraging way, making a step forward holding one chair, then laughing, tottering and going back. He abandoned it after about twenty attempts. He climbs, though he cannot walk. I wrote to Aunt Mary Ferguson whose only remaining daughter is dead, and to Papa, and read several chapters in the Bible, and a very inferior sermon of Dr Boardman's on Moral Courage. (32) (I wish I had some to scold Jane Pickett with) I comforted my heart greatly with the beautiful psalm "He that dwelleth in the secret place of the most High." God preserve my darling. Little Harry said of herself last night "Dear Friend, please take of my dear Papa, far away over the sea." Today she took a pencil and paper "to write to my darling Father." She says "she will give him her Treasure Book, and Mother Goose if he will come home." Oh Tom, if I could see you! Dear fellow, dear, dear, darling, where are you now? Oh how my heart aches for you. Poor fellow, I hope you are not suffering from cold, crossing mountains andeserts ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B26_F10_p071.jpg) deserts. And the Indians and Mormons — God preserve and guard you through all. I walked in the afternoon to Oak Lane School House, we had the service nicely read by a fair haired mustached and bearded young man who afterwards read one of Kingsley's Village Sermons aloud. So I was very well pleased. I had asked little Willie Morton to come for me, so he called and walked with me, and I engaged him to come next Sunday. Monday, February 8. Bess and Lizzie came out today. As Mother is still chambermaid & cookless, I was busy trim- -ming the lamp, wiping the breakfast china, and taking care of the babies while Jane acted as chamber- -maid. (I mention these trivial details, Tom, because you like to me to help Mother about the house.) When the girls came, I was polishing glass plates under Miss Harry's supervision while Sashy slept. I welcomed the girls, Mother being in town, and when Jane came for the children, I went down stairs. I made Lizzie walk with me to Grubtown where I found Mrs Brow looking very much better. – In the evening the Judge gave me a first lesson in algebra. I had a letter from Walter, very affectionate but unsatisfactory inasmuch as he does not seem to see the necessity of his being ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B26_F10_p072.jpg) in the house at 16th St. I wish he would go. I am sure he means to do right, and I love him so much that I am pained for him when I see his roughness noticed even though silently by others. I hope it will teach me not to show anything in my manner to pain Mother when her brothers are here. I was glad that J. Pickett returned with a good excuse for her absence, a very sick aunt with whom she sat up all night. Tuesday, Feb. 9. I have got into (an elegant phrase!) such regular habits that it breaks into them a good deal to have the girls here. I trimmed the lamp, minded the babies, and made a dish of scalloped oysters, and took two unsuccessful dry plate photographs. Then I walked with the girls to call on Mrs Burns and then up Oak Lane to the old York Road and home by Green Lane the longest 33 walk I think I have ever taken in the country. After dinner I lay down & rested. I worked for a little over an hour at my algebra, and wrote diary before tea After my sunset hour which I pass partly praying, partly with our children I always feel strengthened for the evening. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B26_F10_p073.jpg) How beautifully my hyacinths look! I have a splendidly blown double White Castor, and a single dark blue À la Bonne Heure. A very pretty single pink L'Ami du Coeur is coming out (a very disagreeable scent it has, by the way) and a sweet scented, not very pretty pale blue one called (by mistake) Red L'Ami du Coeur. Isn't this a sweet note from Johnny? I had a note from Sabina urging me to visit 16th Street, and one a day later from Papa mentioning that Walter is sick. [note contained within letter containing the following writing] Paris Rue Racine 20 Jan 21st 1858 Page 33 typewritten copy My dear Bess – I write merely to say God bless you – That I feel with you in your trial and to thank you for the noble manner in which you have behaved – I know how you have acted when I read that Tom had gone even before I read Bessie Kane's note telling me about it – You will see by the family letter what are my thoughts with regard to Tom's action. What I say about the health is my real opinion and not a blague – Kiss the little ones for me God bless you once more my dear Sister and goodnight John — [text perpendicular on top left side of note] From her backands young brother Dr John Kane ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B26_F10_p074.jpg) How beautifully my hyacinths look! I have a splendidly blown double White Castor, and a single dark blue 'A la Bonne Heure. A very pretty single pink L'Ami du Coeur is coming out (a very disagreeable scent it has, by the way) and a sweet scented, not very pretty pale blue one called (by mistake) Red L'Ami du Coeur. Isn't this a sweet note from Johnny? I had a note from Sabina urging me to visit 16th Street, and one a day later from [---] mentioning that [-] [Note folded in center of page] Wednesday February 10. The poor Judge was so sick this morning that he could not go to town. So I went for him, taking his excuses for the neglect of his duty as assay officer. I found poor Pat looking old and careworn. He seemed so disappointed that his father could not come to his dinner party to meet Mr Pl[---]. that when I got home & found him looking better, I persuaded him to go to ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B26_F10_p075.jpg) WED. FEB'Y 10, 1858 town in the evening train. In town I left my card with a polite message for Mrs Forney, for Mrs Guillou, and Mrs Wharton, called on Aunt Patterson, looked in vain for Mrs Mott's, went to Buist's for snowdrops, and went to Langenheims. Then I went to the Mitchell's for Lizzy, to the Dunlaps to learn a knitting stitch for Lizzie and to the Intelligence office for Mother. So I spent a busy morning. I worked at my Algebra for about an hour in the evening but I had such a violent headache, I could hardly see. Lizzie and Bessie spent the evening at Mrs Ingersoll's. I am invited to go with them to Miss Fox's tomorrow evening. Thursday - I spent part of the morning at my Algebra and wrote to Papa, and attempted to go down to bake bread - found the cook baking - attempted to photograph - found it bitter cold work, so I gave up, and I am ashamed to say, pored over a book I had in reserve for a sad hour - George Sand's Countess of Rudolstadt. We had an exceedingly pleasant quiet evening at Miss Fox's. Miss Helen Scott was there. She is staying at Mrs Inger- -soll's. On our return we found the Judge had gone to bed sick. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B26_F10_p076.jpg) Friday. I went over with Lizzie & Bessie to Mrs Inger- -soll's to call on Miss Scott. She joined us in a walk to Branchtown, along the York Road to Morton's Lane & so home. I was very cold when I came home and treated myself while I warmed my cold nose to finishing the Comtesse de Rudolstadt. I know I ought not to read novels, Tom, and I have been very bad about it, but I hope you will forgive me, as you were away and I have no work for you to do. Then I worked at the algebra for an hour. Slept in the afternoon. The Judge went to town and brought out word that poor Mr Heaylitt has had an apoplectic fit apparently. He fell, in leaving the omnibus. I wrote my regret to Mrs Caldwell his sister. Miss Scott spent the evening here but I was up with Harry who had a "nervous spell." I did not get to sleep till 1/4 past 3 on Saturday morning. I paid $4.50 to Jas Irwin for prints Mother bespoke from the Thos Leiper plate. It has cost $54.50 instead of $40 as Tom thought it would. - Lizzie went to town but we all thought the Judge so ill that Bessie stayed here. I feared from the sounds he made that he was going to have pleurisy, but Tom Betton said it was only a severe cold. Bess and I felt very dull ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B26_F10_p077.jpg) however, so we walked to Branchtown, and then I read aloud to her, and then worked for two hours at my Algebra besides making some bread. I want to understand the 4 simple rules of Algebra thoroughly before I go further. In the afternoon Pat came out. He sat up with his father all night. In the evening I made J. P. G. read aloud an article in the new Westminster Review on the British Rule in India, but we could not get Bess to pay attention. Sunday February 14. Valentine's Day, finds us with our first heavy snow. The Judge seems much better, but Tom Betton pronounces him ill of Pneumonia. I shall grow superstitious. Last Wednesday Bessie said several depressed things about hating to return to town, she wished some- -thing would occur to prevent it, she antici- -pated such and such disagreeable meetings. (35) I told her there was no use in fretting before hand about things that never might happen, and if they did happen she did not for- -tify herself by dwelling on them in anticipa- -tion. She began a gloomy view of her affairs. Take care Bessie I cried. If God were to hear you and answer your wishes how sorry you would be. You don't ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B26_F10_p078.jpg) know what may happen to keep you from going to town." This has happened. Mother made me scallop some oysters for dinner, so I shall be quite a cook. Read to Bess and minded the children. I copied some lines that I think beautiful though Bessie does not like them. Labour and Rest. "Two hands upon the breast, And labour is done; Two pale feet crossed in rest, And labour is done The race is won! Two eyes with coin weights shut, And all tears cease; Two lips where grief is mute, And wrath at peace." So pray we oftentimes, mourning our lot; God, in his kindness, answereth not. "Two hands to work addrest Aye for his praise; Two feet that never rest Walking his ways; Two eyes that look above, Still, through all tears; Two lips that breathe but love, Never more fears." So cry we afterwards, low at our knees; Pardon those erring prayers! Father, hear these! ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B26_F10_p079.jpg) Certainly if any one longed for the first I did. I don't know that I fully enter into the second, but at least I hope I will. — I wrote to Charlotte & to Walter. Monday Feb. 15. I am to write again to Tom. A Mr Waln, going to California offers to take any parcels. I am so glad! Father is much better. I feel in grand spirits. — Bess and I walked to Germantown Branchtown. It was a most brilliant day. The carts were making the most of the thin cake of ice on the ponds, and every one seemed in good spirits, 36 Coming home I sat with the Judge part of the time, and part of the time worked for about two hours at the Algebra. While dressing for dinner Pat came to the door and slipped in a note from my own darling, sent from Acapulco Jan 21. There was also one from Antony Osborn saying how well Tom was. Thank God. [following paragraph is bracketed on left] In the afternoon I occupied myself from dinner till tea time in deciphering a letter from Tom to the Judge written in cipher, with some mistakes. It only said "News from Salt Lake here via California, of little value but for certain indications that Brigham Young intends takethe guns. I shall probably be too late to make peace, but not too late to prevent the spring massacre." In the evening J. P. G. read aloud "Austrian Prisons." Towards night the Judge seemed to have some fever, and Pat was very anxious. About 12 PM. (We went to ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B26_F10_p080.jpg) Judge Kane's illness. worse bed about 11.) Pat came to the door and said his father seemed better. Tuesday Feb. 16. The Judge is much worse this morning. I have been sitting in the room with him, and writing to Tom, besides taking charge of the children. This is all I have done this day up to noon, when I write. Wednesday February 17. The Judge much the same. I have letters from New York all urging me to come and stay there. I wonder if poor Tom is saddened by our sorrow. Weir told me that the disease would decide itself in two or three days. He would certainly recover if he were a younger man, but as it is he has age and weakness against him. The dangers are two, one that he may relapse into the disease, which is checked now, the other and most likely, is that he may fall into a low typhoid fever and die like Mr. T. J. Wharton. Poor Pat is sure he can not recover and I fear so too. God grant him restoration if possible. Oh my darling Tom, what will you do? Thursday February 18. We were miserable about the Judge but the doctors seem to think him slightly better. May God grant him life, I pray! Thursday Afternoon. Pat asked me if I would be willing to share a responsibility with him. Dr Betton proposed having a fourth physician, but the Judge seems bothered at having so many, and Pat is anxioius to know whether I do not also trust to Weir's skill. I do, and do not think it ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B26_F10_p081.jpg) Death of John K. Kane worth while to consult others, as the three have been agreed all along. I am trying to do what I can, seeing to the meals, and writing notes, and receiving the numbers who come to inquire. It is almost too much for me to sit at table with so many strangers alone. There are Mr Butler, Mr Fisher, Mr Leiper, Dr Betton, W. Moss, and Weir, to tea. Friday morning. Feb. 19. Just before tea last night Dr B. came down and took me aside to tell me the case was hopeless. Oh Tom, my poor Tom, how can you bear it! There is no way of breaking the shock to you, my darling. But I must not think of you now. There is enough to bear in the present. I am thankful that poor Pat is able to feel as if I were strong enough to help him. Dear Father suffers very little. He is entirely unconscious of all around him, and his broken sentences show that he is busy in Court, or writing his Memoir on the Coast Survey. He never knew how ill he was, so he has not missed Tom and John. The last day of comparative clearness he was pleased to get Tom's note. I am so glad that I was so much with him lately, and I believe I have been a comfort to him in Tom's absence. Tom and Johnny could not have been of any service now, as he is well nursed, and is unconscious of the absence or presence of any one. Mother bears up as usual. She sits [text upside down in bottom left corner of manuscript] Medicine at 10+30 Bit of Coughing Tobacco 11-20 min ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B26_F10_p082.jpg) on the bed beside him and he holds her hand. Sometimes we hear him say – "Mammy, you poor dear soul, why don't you — and "Dear Mother, don't you see?" He is not so quiet this morning as yester- -day. Every now and then we hear some louder word of a sentence, as we sit down here. 12 M. I went upstairs after washing up the break- -fast things, and sitting an hour with Mr Dunlap and H. Taylor, and found that Pat had fallen asleep on his bed with Bessie's hand locked in his. Father was quiet, with Willie Moss and Mother, so I was best out of the way. I went to my children whom I keep penned up in my room, but I don't feel equal to the task of entertaining them. So I came back to my diary to have some link between you, and these dreary days, my darling. Perhaps you will like to know how he passed away, but, my boy, if you were here with this in addition to your other trials, and your health enfeebled as it was – surely, it would kill you. So I must try to be grateful that you are away gathering strength for the battle. Pat has been talking about money-matters with me, twice, during his illness. He proposes that we should finish the new building plainly — (dear Father, there's nothing in the house that does not remind us of you.) Then he will ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B26_F10_p083.jpg) retain his rooms at Mrs Stovell's until John comes. If John chooses he can take an office next door, & take his meals at Mrs S's, having a portable bed in his office. Pat will use Frank to carry him in and out of town, unless John wants him, he says, as a doctor's horse. Frank is too fiery for that I fancy. Pat says that Tom ought to take charge of the Mc. K. & E. property, and the Meadows. That his time will be well spent on them. But I, this I say, must try to think what Tom can do to earn his living, as his clerkship is gone. Go West, we must not, while Mother lives. If he could replace Mr Struthers? (38) Thurs Friday Evening. Aunt Aldia, Mr Wharton, Mr Phillips Mr Dunlap, Mr Fisher Aunt Mary Leiper, Mr W. Leiper all here, in this great snowstorm. Dear father seems a little better. Oh that it were possible to keep him with us. Saturday Morning, 9 A.M. Rose feeling quite hopeful, but alas, his quiet is only that of exhaustion. He knew us all, kissed us fondly and stroked our faces. He is sinking as quietly to sleep as a little baby. 1/2 past 4 P.M. We have been in & out of the room all day expecting every minute to be the last. But he has again brightened up a little. Seeing, as they gave him beef tea that ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B26_F10_p084.jpg) he looked conscious, I said in a clear cheerful voice "That's right, thank you, dear Judge." He brightened up and held out his face to kiss me. I then asked "Haven't you a kiss for Bessie Kane?" He kissed her and Mother. Then I said "Give me a kiss for Tom." He did so, and then held out his mouth again "One for Johnny?" I said and kissed him. Then he said with effort "For Pat too." So I kissed him for Pat and then for the children & Aunt Alida He suffers nothing. 1/2 past seven. Wavering from better to worse, unconscious.—Wrote to John Sunday Morning. Through the night they could hardly get him to take nourishment. At dawn they thought him just going, but life flickered up again. It is nine o'clock and he seems easy and comfortable. Just now he said "Dear Mother, I'll go with you wherever you like in the woods and will have a delicious regale." Pat is so worn out that Mother & he are to lie down now while Bess & I and W. Moss sit up there. Last evening he seemed to hear me and Mrs Moss best, or at least obeyed our voices about swallowing ,etc. Weir says he cannot say how long this may last. H. Wharton is to come out here to sit up tonight if necessary. Sunday Evening. I have coaxed Pat to go to sleep in my room and am writing to John. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B26_F10_p085.jpg) *angels Monday February 22. While I was writing to John we were all summoned upstairs. Father was falling into a sweet (39) sleep. His breathing was as quiet as a baby's, and he passed from death into Life so gently that only the pausing of the pulse told us when he was gone. The quiet snow lay in masses all the way down to his dear little Rock Run, and the moonlight was half veiled by a thin haze of clouds; so peaceful a night, so tranquil a farewell! It was at nine o'clock. We, Mother, Bessie, and I, and poor Uncle William went to Bessie's room and sat there. Mother's long pent up nervous excitement relieved itself by talking and after a while I went down and wrote the end of my letter to John. Dear Tom, I brought the handkerchief you gave me to keep for you that wiped Elisha's face to lay over Father’s. He said yesterday morning to Mother, pointing towards the ventilator— "Sashy? Don’t you see him, Mother? * And those little angels with him, there, and there don't you see them wheeling about?" After I left them Mother slept, with Bessie. She eat this morning, and so did Pat. She sat in my room all day, seeing all her relatives who came. I had some work to do keeping house as I do, but the rest of the day I sat with her, except while I wrote again to Johnny. My dear Tom, I daren't think of you. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B26_F10_p086.jpg) I went in last night again, when I took the handkerchief and kissed him for Tom. That was my last look of the dear true friend of whose great strong love I have been so unworthy. I resolved as I stood there, to repay his goodness, if I could, in devotion to those he left. I am so nervous this Monday evening. Is it only nervousness or is anything happening to Tom. I almost see him every now and then as I lift my eyes to the door. Dear Tom, I'll try to reach you by letter if I can before the newspapers do. I found the enclosed among his papers while I was rummaging for paper to write to John. It is the one I wrote him on Feb. 4. Judge Kane's death ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B26_F10_p087.jpg) Tuesday Feb. 23. This morning Mother is again in a dreadfully nervous state, worrying about George Taylor and her other relatives. She has seen all of them who came. I have written to Tom by the way of Mr Plitt and the President. I wish I could have written my whole heart out, but I was disturbed so much and so many times that I was from early morning till five in the afternoon trying to write. I am keeping house for Mother, and she kept me busy all day writing having meat cooked for tomorrow and providing meals for every one who came. I am thankful to be so very busy, as it enables me to keep up my cheer- -fulness for them. I make a point of coming to sit with each one as they come to their meals, and I have to see so many people, and write so many letters that there is no time for me to grieve for my dear (40) friend, and for my own poor Tom. In the evening poor Uncle William came home quite intoxicated and was insolent to Pat, and Mother was worried, and we had a sorrowful evening. I hope he won't come here to live. Thursday February 25. Oh my own Tom, to think that yesterday, dear friend, our father's body was laid in Laurel Hill. Yesterday was horrible. None of the holy quiet of the farewell to his soul. All that makes death dreadful we had. Mother would see every one who came and detailed his sickness and death a dozen times. She is unnaturally cheerful I should think, if they did not ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B26_F10_p088.jpg) tell me it was the case when Willie died. Bess and I were worn out, and so was dear Pat, but Mother laughed and chatted till 11 P.M. with Aunt Eliza who stayed here. It seems fearful. She invited Uncle William to come out here every night and Pat says she must not be crossed. Let him come and live here. I feel as if I were selfish, but I cannot help feeling as if this would be a great pity, not only on account of the poor man's own habits, but that I am anxious that Bess should feel her mother leaning on her and rouse herself for her sake. I hope that it is only my over-anxiety, but Mother seems to be annoyed by Bessie's fondness and caresses, and repulses her, too. Then Bessie is so unhappy, poor child, and misses her Father more than ever. I sit by Mother with my writing, or knitting, or the children, nearly all the time. Today I took a little air with Mr Dunlap. Poor Bess is very hard worked to day she is putting her poor Father's clothes away. Friday. Pat went to Washington today, sorely against the grain. He asked me, last night, and I advised his going. Already, people are anxious to bring the family influences to bear on the appointment of a new Judge. Of the candidates I remember the names of G. M. Wharton, John Cadwalader, J. C. VanDyke, E. K Price, G. M. Dallas, Judge Black, and Judge Sharswo[--]. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B26_F10_p089.jpg) x Note: (1) McHean an Elk Land & Improvement Co. * This was done soon after I wish there was any chance for a clerkship for Tom, or if not that, I wish the Mc. K & E. people would make Tom agent in place of Struthers'. I coaxed Bess to go out on the terrace this lovely day for a little while. Aunt Patterson came yesterday, to stay till Monday, and Bess seems happy to have her. Saturday. I had my sewing-machine brought to the dining-room. Mother enjoys sitting there with us and her work. So I cut out a yellow or buff frock for Harry, and worked at it. (41) Lizzie M. spent the day here. They seem to be again a little anxious about Papa. God grant all to be right there! What trouble we have had this winter! Poor Pat came back today tired out. He brought the evening papers, with news of the California steamer's arrival. So I may hear from Tom to- -morrow, or rather Monday! Sunday. I minded the children some time, then walked on the terrace with Bessie. There Pat <*(2)> joined us, very unhappy, and feeling a weight of work devolving upon him, and sure that with the new Judge his practice would go, and he couldn't help with Mother's income. I did what I could to cheer (Note 2)— Gloomy Pat Kane, Francis Ficher K's father. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B26_F10_p090.jpg) him, and he began to tell me his plans for money saving, and what he had been trying to do in Washington with the aid of his really warm-hearted friend Mr Plitt. The post has been offered to J. Cad -walader, to whom it will very probably go. He has written to say that his acceptance depends on the way in which the offer is made. He says he will only take it as a stepping stone to the Supreme Bench. Now Pat wishes it understood by him that it is a finality. Then, if J. C. refuses, Mr Plitt will try to have the offer made to Mr Eli K. Price. Pat hopes much should this appointment be made, that either he can get the Reportership, Tom the clerkship, or that at least he will be a kind and friendly Judge. — When Pat had done talking I came in, read the Service, and a first rate sermon to Bess. A visit from Mrs Ingersoll took up the remainder of the morning. Poor Pat got himself into hot water by some remarks on whiskey which were supposed to reflect on Uncle Bill. Dear me! I cannot realise that only this day week, we were waiting on that sickbed. I feel a sort of tired, dazed, numbness, but otherwise I don't realise my trouble at all. Mother is only just beginning to do so. Bess is very natural, very ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B26_F10_p091.jpg) 1858 x Note- the famous defendant. unhappy but cheered by her Bible: Pat very miserable. And you, my own, my poor darling God love & comfort you Monday March 1st A week ago last night all was over. Now we drag on quiet sad lives. God give me strength to do my duty to these dear kind people. Today, I really did what I have so often threatened to do, gave up J. Picket's services. I hope I shall be able to get along. I am to pay Mother's chambermaid 50 cents for doing up my "finery" and J.P. who becomes Mother's seamstress 25 cts to get their babies breakfasts. This saves me 15 cents a week wages, and $3 board - in the year $195. This is a famous cut down. (42) Tuesday Evening. Yesterday I had a letter from A. Osborn announcing their safe arrival, and my own dearling sent me his diary. What a treasure to me! I wrote him a long long letter this morning. I am worn out tonight, as I slept in my clothes last night dear Harry being croupy. During Father's sickness Pat says :Passmore Williamson was among the most constant inquirers at the court after him. Thursday Morning. Oh how tired I was yesterday. I minded the children all the morning except just a little time while I walked to Branchtown ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B26_F10_p092.jpg) to see about my washing. Jane Nelson, purposely, I think dilly-dallied over everything so that I scarcely could get hold of her at all. I fairly cried with weariness at the last. I hope Ill get along better soon. Helped Mother at night with her accounts. Pat wants a statement of last year's expenditure. He asked also for my little bureau, so I had some pretty hard work in compressing my clothes into smaller space, this morning. I began a letter to Papa too, Friday. Which I didn't finish till this morning. Yesterday I got on quite well with the babies and had a half lesson from Langenheim. I also finished an elaborate frock for Harry and darned my stockings. At night I worked with Mother, and we finished an account of the expenses of Fern Rock for 1857, classified in the way Tom taught me. I read Macaulay's History for a little while to Bessie. May 19. Letter from T.L.K. dated March 5. Friday and Saturday were very busy days. It seemed as if I were baby minding all the time, though to be sure I managed to do a good deal of sewing. I darned, and patched at the children's clothes which I must get in good order for the spring. I was disposed to grum- -ble a good deal about the giving up of so much time to the chicks, but after all—what is it? In a few months their nursery will be next to ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B26_F10_p093.jpg) my room, and then it will be much easier, and besides, I have to do it. There is no question about it, Tom cannot now give me two nurses. I am thankful I had them so long, so that I have now gained so much strength, and if I do it cheerfully, it will be much less wearing. So for a motto, 43 "A servant, with this clause, Makes drudgery divine, Who sweeps a floor, as for God's law, Makes that and the action fine." And certainly the darlings pay me back in re- -doubled love and sweet caresses. — I am going to send all my washing to O'Neill's wife, instead of paying Mother's woman 50 cts a week for it, I fancy it will be cheaper. Sunday, March 7th Last night I wrote again to Tom by a Mormon who is going to try to get through the army, if possible. I read Bessie one of Robertson's sermons, and one to myself , but I don't agree with him at all. In the afternoon we walked over to the School-House Church, where the service, and one of Kingsley's Village sermons were nicely read. It was very pleasant. After I came home, and the babies were asleep, I wrote to Papa, as well as to Johnny K. —Bess and I were unfortunate at dinner today. Regretting past days as having been so happy, and speaking of Rensselair, Roseland, Lapidea, etc, I ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B26_F10_p094.jpg) said I thought we could find happiness all our lives through if we chose to look for it. Every year when we looked on the preceding one we remembered its joys, and slighted its sorrows. Pat agreed, but then Bessie said to me, "Were you happy in 1857?" "Yes," I said, "in Elk County I was very happy." "I was not, it was a very miserable year to me," replied she. "Well," said Pat, "if you were not so very miserable, I am sure you laughed a good deal." Mother then said— "Yes, often, when I came back from Havana and heard all the laughter going on, Tom and I would shut ourselves up and cry alone. Little you seemed to care for your heavy trouble." This speech will have a very unfortunate effect. Bessie is inclined enough to fall into a low pining, productive in the future of great evil to her character. I have tried very hard to make her rouse up as her father I know would wish, and go about her duties like a Christian. Hard enough it has been, and I was thankful to see she was trying. Now, she will feel called on to assume the whining voice and ways, with the black veil and all the other pagan mournings for those gone across the dismal river Styx to the mournful quiet of Hades. If it is my duty as a Christian to take care of my health, to wrestle and overcome my in- -clination to sit down and pine for Tom, if I ought to go cheerfully about my duties, enjoying and ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B26_F10_p095.jpg) thanking God for my other mercies, ought I, who believe dear Father to be so happy and secure, that the anxiety I must feel for Tom, does not exist for Them him; to shroud my heart and lips as if God had taken in cruelty, and crushed a dear one in eternal misery, or eternal nothingness? No, I am sure not. I will thank God, and take courage. 44 There is natural grief, that God does not forbid, He pities and comforts us, but as to surrounding ourselves with every circumstance that can make us heavier and less able to do our duty, that I am certain is selfish and wrong. Mother pained me, as well as Bessie, me by implying that my Tom shut himself up alone in his grief pained by my laughter and merriment. That is a sore ac- -cusation. Oh my own, my darling, kind sympatheticy friend to me, have I so pained you? God forgive one for it. —Now poor Bess will think it right to whine, and to excite her sympathy for herself by constantly forcing to mind every kindness from her Father, every time he has understood her, when her mother didn't, every association with him. As if they did not rise unbidden every moment! Ah me, I hoped Bess would be able to be her Mother's active right hand. But they will always jar, I fear. And I, will my poor husband in his sorrow, feel ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B26_F10_p096.jpg) me unsympathising? God knows if I thought it right to give way, I could sob my heart out. But I don't, and I only wish I could keep my body strong as I can my spirit. Poor Tom, I hope I will be able when you come home to look less wan and hollow eyed, than I do now. Wednesday March 10. It seems scarcely worth while to write, these quiet days. I mind the children, sew, and write letters, read aloud, and try to comfort Mother Pat and Bess. I wish I were more patient and loving to Bess. I get irritated by nothings and I am afraid I answer her testily often. I wrote to Mrs Peterson and Mrs Plitt for Mother, and to Harry and Helen last night. Lizzie Mitchell came out to spend the day, and with her poor Mr L. again. Bess would not come down to see him till the last. I accompanied poor Mother to town, the first visit time she has left the house since Father was taken sick. She went in to take out letters of administration, I believe they term it. She looks very ghastly, poor darling. Coming home I got her to talk about her youthful days, and then she fell asleep. Ah, my own Tom, how could I do if I did not hope to see you again. Oh God watch over us and help us to fight the good fight, lay hold on eternal life! In the evening read aloud, and sewed. I am ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B26_F10_p097.jpg) 1858 trying to make Sashy a little red polka to shelter his poor wee arms in. Thursday March 11. Jane gave my room a cleaning today, so I had much baby minding to do. Then I set to work and put Tom's papers in order (sort of order!) It occupied me nearly all morning, together with focussing, and adjusting my cam new copying camera. I want very much to copy Mamma's miniature if I can before it goes home. I was so tired by dinner time that I meant to rest myself, but Jane brought 45 me two under jackets of Mother's to sew in the ma- -chine, and by the time they were done I had only leisure to clean half a dozen plates for use tomorrow (if I can photograph) before 5 o'clock came. Then I minded the babies till their supper was ready, then came my darling's sunset hour, then I wrote to Papa, then came tea-time, then I finished some sleeves I have been making, and embroidered some portion of baby's polka. Then I wrote in my diary. Mr. Guillon sent me a kind note, accompanying Mr Coale's book which he has sent me. Mrs Plitt also wrote a very warm-hearted and (bombastic) note. I can scarcely keep still tonight. I feel very ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B26_F10_p098.jpg) sad, and if I do, what does Mother feel? We are making a sort of routine of evening occu- -pation. Bess and Johnny Green study French in the parlor, while Pat works in the library, and while Mother brushes her teeth I sit with the babies letting Jane go to supper. Then we sit together writing or sewing. I think she likes to have me with her, we don't clash as she and Bess do. I wish they didn't! Bess and I often sit awhile with Pat who is very very unhappy. Bessie says Pat talks more freely with me about business than he does with her. I don't know what to do! I know one of my besetting sins is to like to be much to people I love, and to be jealous of any one else. So I can feel for Bess. Well, if I keep away, will I mend matters? I will try not to obtrude myself but if my society seems a sort of tame cat com- -fort to any of them I think I ought not to keep apart. God forgive my sins and help me to be less censorious and self conceited. Ugh! you hateful ugly thing, you! I saw when I was tidying Tom's closet, some of his old letters to me, and I took them down that I may bring back the old days, "Let the early summer be Once more round them, and the sea Blue, and o'er its mirror kind ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B26_F10_p099.jpg) Let the breath of the May wind Wandering through their drooping sails? Die on the green fields of Wates, Let a dream like this restore What their eyes must see no more." When I read his letters, and note his loving words it seems as if he really loved me as much as I love him, but then, when I think how intensely he loves his own family especially his father, I feel how little claim I have on his love, and fear that he will break his heart, as they say. Yet he chose me for his wife, surely that is not conceited or wrong in me to feel, to hope at least, that my love may be some comfort to him. How gladly I would die to make him happy, My own! I’ll try to do everything I can to cheer his dear ones. Even if they weren’t his, I should try for my dear friend’s sake. Dear Father, you are not dead to me. How dearly I love you, and 46 how happy you are now with all those you love in heaven. I daresay you often think of your dear little Fern Rock where you were so happy, and where your presence made itself felt everywhere. How glad I am you enjoyed it all so much. And how you sympathised with us all. How we miss you! How glad we shall be to join you. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B26_F10_p100.jpg) May 25. MAY 25 The papers say the 12th March was the day Tom reached Camp Scott. Friday 12th. After minding the babies, went over to my shed, with the copying camera, and Mamma's miniatures. As Mr Langenheim could not give me the length of time requisite for my pictures I took over half a dozen plates to experiment on. With them I obtained two pictures, the negatives seem pretty gone. This took me till the children's dinner hour, after which I dressed, and saw Miss Fox who called. Sewed at a little frock with the wheel, then went up to the babies. Jane was going about with Sashy holding his frock as he walked. While she went to cook his supper, the little fellow started off, and walked all over alone. He was delighted, so was I. He is very late in walking, 15 months and 2 weeks. Harry Wharton came to drink tea. He walked about with Bess and sat in the parlour with her while Mother and I sat & sewed. Poor Pat is quite sick with a heavy cold. Saturday. After minding the babies, and mending the soiled clothes for the wash I got over to my shed by 11 minutes to 11, and worked there till 12. I copied Grandmamma's miniature, and one of Tom, the Judge and Elisha together. Harry recognised her Grandfather's at once, and soon after said "Isn't that Tommige?” I was so glad she knew him. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B26_F10_p101.jpg) Bessie went to the House of Refuge again, and found that the ladies she has there to teach in Sunday School are getting on nicely. She asked me to write down for Tom's benefit that she appreciated the truth of his saying — "If one undertakes a really useful work, others will always be ready to go on with it, where it is once started." Charlotte came in the 2.15 train and spent the afternoon asleep with a headache, The evening was quiet, Mr. Fisher (C.H.) coming to call. Sunday March 14. Jane going to church, my entire morning was given to the children. Bess kept Elisha nearly an hour for me. Charlotte tells me a sad story. Mrs W's influence is greater than ever. She now figures as a saint and martyr. She has furnished a parlor for herseIf on the second story, keeps five servants, but com- -plains that dreadfully hard work falls on her. She is very unkind to Nelly whom she has never forgiven for going back to New York. Nell and Harry are very unhappy, but keep it from Papa as it is so essential for him to be happy. Harry however is almost desperate being terrified by the idea of being left without Walter. Walter and Sabina are now staying in 16th ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B26_F10_p102.jpg) Street where Mrs Wood does everything she can unnoticed by Papa to make poor little Sabina uncomfortable. Poor Walter has it seems been very dangerously ill with malignant Scarlet Fever. They did not let me know for fear I should be anxious. He has been unhappy, and I have done him injustice. It is Papa who, under Mrs W's influence, refuses to have him. He tried to go to live In 16th. St.- and Papa at last told him "he had no right there." Tot told Papa she must have Walter if she were to live there <(or at least, the girls)> and threatened to let her friends know the state of affairs. Papa said she behaved as no daughter should, & contrasted her behaviour with the sweet and for- -giving disposition of Mrs W! Finally the girls, with Walter's approval, sent Papa the following, which he rejected. He begs for a delay till the autumn. He has $10.000 a year and is amply able to afford it. Delay, delay! Always trying to put off the evil day, crushing out my sisters' lives and hearts under that vile woman's foot, how bewitched he Is. How long, Oh Lord, how long! Pity and relieve them! Monday. So cloudy in the morning that I set to other work believing I could not print my pictures. However the sun shone and I used what *copied 2 pages further on ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B26_F10_p103.jpg) leisure time I had in making prints according to Mr Coale's "Sel d'or" process of my miniature copies of Papa's miniatures. They did pretty well, but the one of Tom is evidently badly focussed. I must try it again. Tuesday. Becky Patterson, her husband, and child with Cousin M. Gray dined here. The Griers also called. I had a serious disappointment about my letters. I hoped that I should have one from Tom giving me his plans in detail. Then I was prepared to expect none till his return. But this one I fully expected. There was none. A. Osborn enclosed some newspaper scraps setting * forth the suspicions of San Bernardino regarding "Dr Osborne's" being a Mormon Spy. He must have had some annoyance at the place, to which it seems I have so well founded an annoyance aversion. He must (48) have left there about the 4th. of Feb. and is, ere now, I trust in Salt Lake City. How long before I can hear of him! I was fairly sick with my disappointment, aided perhaps by the languid spring air, and worry about 16th. St., and had at last to give up and go to bed. Wednesday 17th. Woke up feeling languid and sick, but worked at the machine pretty busily, making an oil cloth cover for it, in part, and beginning a crocket band for Harry's little pink frock. Mrs Crozer (?) and daughter, Dr Wister and S. Butler called, Lizzie ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B26_F10_p104.jpg) In. spent the day & night, and R. Wetherill spent the afternoon. Just before bed-time (the babies bed-time I mean) Bessie and I went out and walked for half an hour or more. I feel rather better. —A. I. Wilcox sent T. L. K a haunch of venison—Mr Guillon sent some photographic preparation with a very polite note. I am writing before tea-time, feeling very shaky and oh, so miserable about the dangers my boy runs. However, I must "Trust in the Lord, & be of good courage." At the petition of Ch. Har. & Helen. 1st That if Mrs W. can be happy with W. & S. in the house, we are all willing to live in 16th St. IInd That if Mrs. W. cannot be happy with Mr. & Mrs Walter in the house, the income be divided, & we girls live as near as possible to Papa, in a house with W. & S. at the head of it. 49 We all infinitely prefer the second plan — Papa's three sisters & Bessie & Tom approve of it. We wish to make the experiment this summer in a small house near Orange. If there was no remedy we would not tell how ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B26_F10_p105.jpg) unhappy we are at home, but there is a remedy. The girls are afraid of a recurrence of those scenes which happened last year, when Papa tried to make peace. This constant reasonable fear is very bad for their nerves. They are now stronger than Charlotte, but a few years, or less, of this life would have the same effect on them as on her. If we live together, we would be constantly taking tea at Papa's house, dropping in to see the family etc, etc, — Harriet & Helen are too young & inexperienced to be without the supervision of one of their sisters, Bessie, Charlotte or Sabina. Papa's sisters, Aunts Mary, Anna, & Eliza approve of the second plan - as well as Bessie & Tom — We think Papa — (as well as the girls) would be happier if there were no conflicting parties, no "jars & frets" of housekeeping details &c — Papa's children wd not desert him but be very near, & rallying round to cheer him. &c &. Signed after three readings by Charlotte Harriet Helen. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B26_F10_p106.jpg) Friday March 19. Yesterday I went to town for Mother, to hunt up a cook, came back worn out, and after of dose of medicine went to bed as soon as J. Nelly came up from tea. Today I minded the babies, walked, and meant to photo- -graph, but the girls won't let me. I finished an oil cloth cover for my sewing machine, and made some lace. On Monday I must begin to study again. I'll write of that on Sunday. Pat and Mr Wharton out to tea. He, Mr. W, is on the point of being engaged to a dowdy little Miss Brinley. I have been counting up the days till Tom can possibly return. His earliest possible time is, I fancy, about the l7th of May. I shall count up the days for that, as I must have some date to which I can look forward with hope. Saturday, March 20. Charlotte and Bess both went to town., the latter to her House of Refuge. She came out looking very sad, poor child. I was very busy, as it was cleaning day for Jane, as well as soiled clothes mending day for me. There is one comfort in having only one nurse, I have no time to spend in bemoaning myself. I have read no regular book this month. This won't do, Mrs K. ~ After dinner (Mr. Heazlitt dined here) Bess and I walked to Branchtown. I took a loaded cane with me as it is dangerous now to walk we feel, since the dreadful outrage yesterday, in our own vicinity. Sewed, and read in the evening. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B26_F10_p107.jpg) 50 Sunday, March 21st A drizzling rain all morning prevent -ing poor Mother from going to town as she meant to do this Communion Sunday. I stayed at home with her, and read three sermons of Dean Trench's, one of them especially good, on "Christ, the Lamb of God." It was a dif- -ferent, and far pleasanter (to me) style of thought from one which I read of Robertson's on Vicarious Sacrifice. Mother was reading it today, and I asked her to read French's afterwards. I wrote a long screed to Johnny, and then read a Review of the "Testimony of the Rocks." Dinner was now ready, after which I wrote to Papa. It was now a sunny balmy afternoon so Bessie and I strolled out, then we took little Harry, and after a while Bess went off after Pat, so that I had for the first time a real stroll, -like those I have often imagined myself taking, in "the all-golden afternoon" with my little daughter. But my dreams always included my darling's presence. Sweetest friend, where are you? How I follow you in fancy. Oh when will your work be over? Has any intuition warned you to hurry home to our desolate hearth, desolated a whole month ago. —Little Harry just now brought in her wicker arm-chair and sitting down at Pat's knee, crooned in her tuneless soft sweet voice, "I want to be a angel, And with the angels stand, A crown upon my forehead A harp within my hand." ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B26_F10_p108.jpg) th[--] like Pep & [-]ois Dear little girlie, she has a wonderful memory! She knows all the Nursery Rhymes, all her story books, and two verses of the "Happy Homes of England." It is very pretty to see Elisha's enthusiastic love for her. He is perpetually tottering to her to kiss her, or to hug her. Me too he dearly loves. How sweet it is to have him clasp his soft arms round my neck, or lay his golden head on my bosom, or hold his little red mouth up to be kissed. Thank God for my children, and their dear, dear father. —I hope he is ready to leave Salt Lake City now.— It seems as if the idea of seeing him again was one of too great happiness to in- -dulge in. Oh what a comfort his love is!— I passed an hour or so with Bessie this evening. We leaned out of her father's window, watching the moonlight, and the shimmering stars, as they shone a month ago. (May 22. Letter from J. S. K. dated March 24. "The Lord gave, and the Lord hath taken away. (51) Blessed be the name of the Lord." Thursday May 25th. Baby 16 months old; a blue-eyed golden -locked little tottering fellow, the merriest, loving little crea- -ture in the world. I have been too busy to write this week. Dear Tot was with us, so we walked every morning then I worked at my photography, till 12 M. Then I took charge of the children till 1. crocheting mean- -tim. (I have been making lace for Harry's pink ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B26_F10_p109.jpg) * frock.) After that I dressed, and worked at the machine till dinner. After dinner sewed, and walked till it was the children's bed time, then crochid again while I minded them, then worked at something or other till bed-time. Last night Pat took the estimate I made of the expenses of Fern Rock last year, and went over them with me, He agreed that Mother should have $200 a month for housekeeping. -I am sorry to say that at present only $50 comes from the estate's income. Today and yesterday I tried to resume my Spanish. I wish I could find some employment for dear, dear Tom. * Friday. Walked with Bess past Rensselaer, and hurt her feelings. She said she felt so sad whenever she passed by, etc. Said I, "If I felt so, I would walk by every day till I could go by without pain." No, she replied, there are too many sad and holy associa- -tions that I am unwilling to break. Well, I said, I think our lives are too full of real, great griefs, for it to be right to indulge in a grief of sentiment. Millie's death was a very real grief, said Bess in a deeply hurt tone. I hastened to tell her that I did not mean Millie's death as a grief of sentiment, but the idea of never ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B26_F10_p110.jpg) willingly passing In one of the only two directions our lane has because you once lived and were happy there. However, I did no good, that time, so I resolved to see if there was no beam in my own eye about 11th st or the La Pierre House? Saturday. 27th March. "The Moses Taylor" came in yesterday, so I asked J.P.G. * to send me out letters if there were any by the ten o'clock train. I was so excited that I could scarcely talk, hoping that there might be a letter for us from Tom. I fancied that he surely would write to us from California, and that a letter delayed too long to reach us by last steamer would come by this. However, I studied my Spanish while I minded the children, and then walked to Roser's and back before the train came. Then I went to meet it, and the conductor gave me a letter. Only from Antony! He had no direct news, but had seen a gentleman who saw Tom off from S. Bernardino. He said there was the most intense excitement felt, and that a single hour's delay would have stopped him, they coming then to arrest him. He sent two newspaper slips, saying much the same thing. My God, take care of 52 my husband! How I miss dear father now to comfort me. Oh Tom, my own one, I could cry when I think that so many weeks must separate us, and so many * I. John P. Greene ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B26_F10_p111.jpg) years may! x Jane Nelly After I wrote this I set to work, as it was mending day, and worked off my forebodings, and after dinner took a stroll over the place with Bess and Harry. After tea, I had to sit upstairs at my sewing till half-past-eight as J. N. had washing to do. Then I came down, and read aloud to Mother, and sewed till bed time when I read prayers. I read now, instead of Father. Pat has come in regularly and followed with his Latin Prayer Book. Last night however, there was a remark made by Mother, that Miss Betsy had asked her if she did not think it right to kneel. This brought on a discussion in wh. Bess made some ultra Presbyterian announce- -ment which brought from Pat a declaration that he would no longer come. Sunday 28th. March. Jane Nelly's Sunday out, Mother and Bess gone to town. I undertook the children's care with plenty of good resolutions, and got on splendidly. Sashy went to sleep, and I contrived to read two sermons, two chapters of the Spanish tes- -tament, and write a short letter to Papa. Then I played with them cheerfully and they were very manageable. What a contrast to the 4th March! It is a very good lesson to me not to despair at the black-a-vised look of a duty. I was pleased to discover that Sash has cut two more ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B26_F10_p112.jpg) x House of Refuge back teeth making fourteen. Of course, the pair belong- -ing to the two last upper teeth will soon follow in the lower gum. Then he has only four more to cut. He electrified me today by climbing first on a chair, then on its back, and then on Grandmamma's high bed. Pretty well for 16 months! May God preserve my little ones to see their father in health. After dinner J.P.G. and I walked to Oak Lane to church, but after waiting over half an hour no minister making his appearance, we sang a hymn and came home. We found Mother entertaining Willy Wister who stayed to tea. Mother looked ghastly, she was overcome by the exertion and the emotion of going to church for the first time. Bessie says Tom would be so gratified if he could see the pleasant, interested faces of the lady-teachers at the x H.R.S. School. She was so pleased herself! Poor Morton has been drunk again.— I just write these stupid lines because I am too dull to put down all the many thoughts I have had today. I think I am dead! I seem crushed down too much to feel any more, I worried about Tom a great deal today. What occupation is there for him? It seems impossible to turn Struthers out. Then he could write on several ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B26_F10_p113.jpg) subjects, but we know his health won't stand that. Then he cannot practise as a lawyer, then he cannot, Yes, but I must remember, that as Tom gave up his employment for Christ's sake. He will take care 53 of him. Help me to trust my precious husband to Thee in everything, and help me to do whatever I can for him, and what I cannot do, let me ask of Thee, knowing that Thou wilt withhold no good thing from those that ask in faith, nothing wavering. "Oh rest in the Lord, wait patiently for him, and he shall give thee thy heart's desire." How I long for Tom! Oh to lay my head once more on his dear shoulder! My friend, my own friend! — I am trying very hard to get strong, taking a bath every day now that the weather is milder, and they say I look infinitely better. Certainly, I feel so, thank God! "And is she happy? Does she feel unmoved The days in which she might-have lived & loved, Slip without bringing bliss slowly away, One after one, tomorrow like today?" Monday March 30. Quite an exciting day. Expecting a letter from Johnny, Bessie and I could hardly keep still. We walked to Branchtown for some seed. I wanted for the children at Grubtown. Then I was busy photo- ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B26_F10_p114.jpg) on and off all day. I want to get a first rate picture of the valley, Tom's favorite view. Johnny's letter came at last. He will be here on Wednesday! Pat brought out three beautiful photographs dear Father sat for only a week or two before he was taken sick. Little Harry came in and blushed with pleasure as she always does when extremely gratified crying "That's my dear Grandfarrer who calls me Toodle -waddle.'’ The expression of the picture was precisely the one he wore when saying that. Tuesday, March 30th. Busy all day with different things. First I photographed, then I went for Mother to German -town and then I walked about the place all the afternoon looking out the right lights for my views. I preserve far too many of my poor efforts, and I wish very much to make some really good pic- -tures. So I shall try these views over again I think. They are better than any I have yet done, but one has a defective corner, and another a scratch or two. I must make a memorandum of certain views I wish to take. Hill view, from the garden 5 P.M. House from the mouth of Chante Pleurs ½ past 11 A.M. Valley views about 1 P.M. View of Turnpike Bridge as early as possible View of Garden Bridge mid-day, or 4 P.M View of Gate 10 to 11 A.M. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B26_F10_p115.jpg) * 54 I am in a very bad humour tonight, feeling very cross with — never mind, I can hold my pen, at least. I made up my mind to give up my projected journey to meet Tom when we hear of his arrival at St Louis. Pat loves him very dearly and the brothers must wish to have some solitary talks. Both are too kindhearted to ask me to go away, and if I suspected they wanted to talk and took myself off. I should mope in my hotel room and be jealous maybe. [written from bottom to top on lefthand side] poor woman Ah me, I wonder if he loves me as I love him. I used to think he did, but time seems to say to me — ”Stupid, pale fool, how dare you arro- -gate to yourself his love pre-eminently?" I know how he loves his family, and when I think how few associations he has with me, I wonder how he loves me at all. I am just like an old worsted glove. He has the habit of wearing me in his winter days and feels comfortable with me, rather shrinking from trying on fresh new gloves. But when forced to take me off, will not his thoughts revert to the bright fresh kid glove days of operas, and beauty, and gaiety, and feel a repugnance to his shabby old worsted rag! * My dear Arab, he did try to stay by me! ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B26_F10_p116.jpg) X which Miss Fox? Wednesday March 31st. No photographing today. Mother asked me to be ready to see company as she was having her hair dyed. Old Mr Fisher of Wake- -field came first. He sent the kindest messages to "Thomas." Then came Willie Moss, Mary Leiper and lastly Miss Fox.* I had a little time to work at the wheel. At dinner time came out word that John had arrived in New York. He came here by the 5 P.M. train. It was a "thankful "meeting. Joyous it could not be, but then it was such a relief to them to have him back. — I missed Tom. I dreamed at night that I was sobbing for him, a choking tearless sob, that finally woke me. Oh my poor darling too soon you will hear the news. May God preserve you and strengthen you to bear it like a Christian. Thursday April 1st. At last I can say — "Next month "I may see him." Oh for next month! Johnny has brought me some beautiful photo- -graphs. Madonnas all of them. Johnny is just like himself, no whit changed. Poor old Dr Mitchell is very ill. I at last succeeded in obtaining what I hope is a very good picture of our valley. I had but little time however as Aunt Ann ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B26_F10_p117.jpg) arrived to spend the day. I sewed a good deal, and mixed some solutions On Friday I took a picture of Fern Rock. As it was cleaning day I had not much time, and so I did not get a perfect picture. I saved a good deal and in the evening read Sir John Maunde- -ville aloud. 55 Saturday April 3rd. Meant to print the two views I took last week, and, rising early prepared my solutions. At breakfast time I grew giddy and as soon as Jane had finished her work, and could take the children, I went to bed with a violent sick headache. There I stayed all day. Rose in the evening, and sewed violently just to occupy myself, as I felt intensely sad. About this time my poor Tom must receive the tidings. And I am far from him! Oh my darling, may Our Father send the Comforter to bring all those sweet words of Our Saviour's to your remembrance as He promised when He was here. Sunday April 4th. Johnny orders iron for me, as my pulse is feeble. He and Bess have gone to town, he to see if he can do anything for Dr Mitchell who is still alive, Bessie to go there and to her House of Refuge School also. I wrote to Walter and to Charlotte this morning, and ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B26_F10_p118.jpg) * Easter 1858 skimmed through a Life of Bishop White. I went to church in the afternoon with Johnny Green and came round by Milestown home. As we passed those solemn pine-trees at the old De Benneville homestead the air was scented at with the sweet white violets that were peeping everywhere from the brown carpet of fallen pine-needles. After the children went to sleep I sat by them as the orange faded from the sky, and then I knelt down to pray to Our Saviour for my poor husband. * It is Easter Sunday. Eighteen hundred years ago Christ ended his agony, and took on Him the glorified body that some day we shall wear too. But in His happiness He does not forget us sorrowing and toiling after him through our painful lives. What would we do without His sustaining love. Oh my poor friend, it was for no selfish reason that you left us, to part forever in this life perhaps, but for His sake, and He will not abandon you. While I prayed for you thinking of dear Father I was able to cry a little, the first time since you left, but it has given me a pain in my heart. It is not the relief I fancied it would be. Then the ghastly November days rose again before. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B26_F10_p119.jpg) * What to do for a living now? JKK is dead me and to drive them away. I began to think of my great puzzle. What can* Tom do? "Bonum est confidere in Domino, quam confidere in homine: bonum est speraie in Domino, quam sperare in princibus." That was the result, as it always is, of all my musings. I have asked myslef— "If, I have dissuaded Tom from a political career, so that now all avenues to political preferment are shut against him— do I feel that I have done wrong, am I sorry?" And I am sure that I can say "No!" I like Tom to love his country, I am grateful to the God who gave him strength for rights' sake to give up his commissionership, and for Christ's sake, and his country's welfare to go forth (56) without the camp bearing His reproach. My darling, people call you a Mormon, as in the old time they called our Master Publican and Sinner. If ye do well and suffer for it, happy are ye. Little care I for what the world igno- -rantly says. I know my husband, and he has called me "wife and equal." I care for no earthly honour so highly as to be the wife and chosen friend of him whom I most ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B26_F10_p120.jpg) Politics most respect.? But I never could bear him to mix in party politics – vile they are, ?and I know he feels them so – and I did what I could to keep him? from them, for his health's sake, physical and moral. Well, if I ?could choose now I would do it again. The tempt- -ations must be strong with so impulsive a nature as his, with some intensely longed for object in view to grasp it though dragged through mire. No, no Tom. Since He whose servants we are, said Marriage is holy, we can be Sir Galahad and St Agnes, and we will leave an unspotted name to? our children, if we must live on bread and water. – Do not let us think of an office as a reward from Buchanan for your work. You did ?not undertake it for that, and even if he would give you one, what is there he could give that you would want? A consulship? Nothing that would carry you away from your old mother would you like at all. Were the clerkship to be given for life, and in the President's power to give, it would be a great thing. Well, if God means you to have it, he will give it. He will take care of us. I meant to write longer but Johnny says I must stop now. — I open the book again finding it only ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B26_F10_p121.jpg) nine o'clock. — Barring <*which?> political places out, I see nothing for Tom save authorship, ?a wearing life. But by writing a little now and then we may keep afloat till he has time to fix on something. Meanwhile the question for me is Can I do anything? Nothing except trust in God. Amen! Monday April 5th. Aunt Patterson and Uncle William last night, Aunt Patterson and Johnny twice today, renewed the old sad disputes.* Johnny was for once, poor boy, more sinned against than sinning. But it was very sad to begin them again. I hope the house will be at peace when my darling returns. Printed 14 or 15 pictures. My valley view is very pretty, but the other, of the Rock, is very defective. I also sewed a good deal. Little Harry went to Branchtown and back besides trotting about the place all day, a long walk for her. Bessie came out in the evening train. Dr Mitchell died last night very tranquilly, having his senses to the last. John M. Scott died in the morning, and Mr Shippen. Sad changes for Tom! I treated myself to a re-perusal of some of my darling's letters before we were married. It was very sad and sweet. —He speaks ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B26_F10_p122.jpg) of his profession, and thinks he might earn some- -thing by drawing up Chancery pleadings. I wonder if he could do so now! I see the papers speak of appointing Commissioners for Utah. I trust Tom's duties there will not be prolonged! (57) Tuesday. <6> Mr Langenheim was to have come today but did not, I don't know why. I wonder I get no letter from Tot. Wednesday. <7> No Langenheim. Sewing nearly all day. I am so miserable, that I think my poor boy must be Thursday. <8> I went to town, today, to shop. First I sat with Bess while the dentist operated on her. Then we hunted about town for various things. Pat informed me that there was no living to be earned by Chancery pleadings Aunt Patterson talked all the evening. I heard from Tot. She is all right. Th Friday. <9> Raining hard, but before 12 at wh. hour I write was very (—here I was called off to mind the children, and resume on Sunday) hard at work. I took charge of the children for some time, then learnt a Spanish exercise lesson, read a chapter in the Spanish Testament, wrote out the verb "Acertar" and a Spanish exercise. Then I sewed the rest of the time. After one o'clock Bessie and I walked to Mitenger's, in an air that was more like May than April, the rain having cleared off beautifully. Robert Patterson, Uncle Bill, and George Taylor dined and spent the afternoon, Aunt Helen ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B26_F10_p123.jpg) going home with them. After tea I prepared some trial plates for tomorrow, and then read aloud till bed-time the first book of the Fairy Queene. Saturday. <10> Took care of the children while Jane swept & cleaned the rooms. My whole morning was given up to visitors. I tried to take those pictures but was unsuccessful in developing Either my gallic acid is spoilt or my solution was too weak. Bessie was in town, she went to spend Saturday and Sunday nights at Aunt Patterson's in order to go to the H. R. and to see the Howard Home. In the afternoon I read a little on the Diseases of Children, and strolled about with the children. In the evening I finished some children's frocks I have been making. Pat is very furious about this appointing of Commissioners to Utah, to take all the wind out of Tom's sails. I can't say I care, except in so far as it may influence his return. These spring days, always en- -joyed with him, make me so sad. Strangely enough I pass over all the happy Fern Rock springs to dwell on my Gerard street spring days, when my heart was lonely too. I had him then but not his children, his! dear little creatures, how I longed for them! And now how far the reality of the blessing exceeds its imagination. I quench my restless loneliness with them, When I grow so sad that I cannot stay in his room, or anywhere that I have associated with him, I wander over ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B26_F10_p124.jpg) to their room, and say to myself– "Here are his own children. How dearly I should love to be with them if they were his, no matter whom the mother. But they are mine too— only his, and mine. And he left them in my charge, because I am his wife and his dearest friend. The very thought tranquillizes me, and then their love and caresses warm my heart. I am happier now, with all my troubles than I was in Girard Street, though I loved those days too. But real duties, and real responsibilities give me less time to indulge in vague yearnings after some impossible happiness, and in the lonely envyings of the women I saw with children about their knees. Miss my husband? Ah yes, but I know only too well that I cannot watch at the window to see him come, and therefore I dare not indulge myself in a musing dreamy longing for him. I work it off, and pray God to help me to keep up. I dare not be "blue." I dread twilight. I can no longer work, for Mother's economical mind enjoys "blind man's holiday" and I am left to — rest! Bessie says she loves it. She sits and sings hymns, and cries quietly, and dreams. She says it is a comfort, and so does Tot. I know how Tom felt, he dared not write lovingly to me. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B26_F10_p125.jpg) Sunday. <11> Jane's Sunday out. The children in my charge all the morning. Mother says, she, and most ladies had, and have, to keep their children the whole of Monday and Tuesday. I am thankful that I don't have that yet. It is very fatiguing! This sounds absurd after my declaration about the blessing I find the children, but I don't mean to retract either statement. The two sides of the shield! ~ Little Harry said something to me, which I record for Tom as it was certainly genuine affection, and odd as its form was it was evidently undic- -tated. Holding a clean handkerchief of his in her little hand, she came to me, saying, "Look, Mo’r, here’s a handkerchief of Tommige's, don't you wish he was here to blow his dear nose wiz it!" ~ I write again this afternoon or rather evening because I know Tom likes me to write down my moods, and it's the only way of letting him see my life without him. I have been reading some sermons today; one on the Sabbath, the other on the text— "But this one thing I do, forgetting the things which are behind, I press towards the mark." This is a favorite text of mine so I was interested in the sermon, especially in the (outside) (one) the book which I read afterwards. I am very much inclined, sometimes, to look back ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B26_F10_p126.jpg) and long for my old innocent-ignorant days, when I trod a beaten path with a fence on either side. Now I have to choose between fighting my way through the thorns or — well, (5) I don’t know that the other way is easier after all. But I used, for instance, to go twice a Sunday to church, to believe all clergymen right reverend, and all they said worthy of implicit credence, to think Sunday a day to be very rigidly kept, "Sabbath- -breakers" lost, or nearly so, and to have a slight horror of all but Protestant Christians. Well, when I married my ideas were far stricter than Bessie's; now I feel that five years have placed us far apart, but in the opposite direction. I used to have a somewhat similar feeling to the Merman's wife "She sighed, she looked up through the clear green sea, She said, I must go, for my kinsfolk pray In the little gray church on the shore, today, 'Twill be Easter Eve in the world, oh me, And I lose my poor soul, Merman, here with thee.” (dear Tom, I quoted that laughingly lately, and he winced, and I remembered that I once had somewhat of the feeling.) Mother's speech the other day, and often other things show me that those who still hold, ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B26_F10_p127.jpg) what I once held, look upon me as a back- -slider. It is very painful, I hope it is not so. (At least let it make me more charitable in my thoughts of others. What a number of petty persecutions I must have inflicted uncon- -sciously on Tom!) But is it true? Time has made my feeling more charitable to others faith — I do not think my own less strong. I go, circumstances having so ordered it, very seldom to church. Now, how about that? Charlotte and Bess were walking together, and, speaking of the support and comfort they derived from the church services, they said to me that they thought I was stronger than they, I did not seem to need it. Well, that was all. But I felt as if they implied a little reproach, and I want to search my heart and know if my conscience pricked a little. Oh, if my darling Father Confessor were here, but he isn't, so I must try for myself. I have had the excuses of feeble health, unwillingness to use horses as Tom and I both disapproved, and also that I should deprive some one of a seat in the carriage. Have I not been glad of the excuses? I confess that. Still, I know that in town I ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B26_F10_p128.jpg) really loved to go on Sundays to Dr Mortons though it was pain to both of us to part at the door, but I understood the sermons, and sang with my heart if not my lips, and prayed with all my soul for my darling. And now my most restful hours are those when I go quietly to or little school-house through the balmy Sunday afternoons. It does me good to pray with my fellows. I really believe I enjoy it more than I did in old times. Yes, I am sure I would value the chance if I had it of dropping in every Sunday, and some- -times through the week at my old place in Dr. Morton's. When my darling is here I have had him to read with me, and I felt as if the commandment "Forsake not the assembling of your- -selves together" applied most especially to the communion of husband and wife. Ah how blessed a thing to know that if we are spared to meet again, our readings together will hence- -forward be of Christians, brethren in Christ! If my strength holds I will try to read in the (60) morning with him, and in the afternoon when he takes his nap, I will go over to the church. Maybe my darling will walk over to meet me. How sweet a stroll home we might ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B26_F10_p129.jpg) have! ~ That's not apropos of the question whether I am a black sheep or not. I hope I'm not. ~ My hateful neuralgia has come on again I must leave off. Monday. <12> <11?> Pouring rain. Studied Spanish, sewed, minded the children. The papers say that two Commissioners for Utah actually start today. It is to say the least, singular behavior on Mr. Buchanan's part. I hope it may be satisfactorily explained, but it seems to place Tom in a very unpleasant posi- -tion. It makes me very anxious. Margaret Jones writes me that her sister Serena is married. Tuesday. <13> Wrote a long letter to Maggie Jones, studied Spanish, walked through the "misty moisty morning" read to myself, and to Bessie sewed in the machine, and so forth. Pat came out very indignant with the Commis- -sioner's appointment. <14> Wednesday 13.th April. Went to town in the morning with Pat, and straight to the office, ho- -ping for some news of Tom. The mail had not arrived, so I trotted off to execute my various commissions. First to Macallister's for Mother's spec- -tacles. There they stopped me to show me some beautiful stereoscopic views, of which I bought one. Then to Langenheim's, then to the Dunlap's, as poor ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B26_F10_p130.jpg) Julia is ill. They are taking her South. Then to the Mitchell's. Saw Lizzie looking wretchedly She has not left the house since her Father's sick- -ness, so I told her she must come with me. She begged hard to be let off, but I made her come, and then she walked, and walked till I was ready to drop. Out 11th to Pine, Pine to Broad, Broad to Prime Prime to 10th, 10th to Spruce to 11th, and so home. Then I could not find an omnibus going my way as I had to shop, and to go to Aunt Patter- -son's. At last I found my way to Pat's office tired out. Letters from Tom! In high spirits within hail of Salt Lake City. He probably reached there the day his father died. X There is a letter in cipher to make out, and one to Mr Heazlitt. The passenger cars detained me at Chatham Street, I missed my N.P.R R train and had to come back to Pat's office sick with fatigue and headache. I stopped and bought an Eyre and Spottiswoode Bible as J. Picket's is not pre- -cisely similar to Tom's, but they had none of the same edition. (61) From Pat's I went to get an oyster wh. revived me for a little, but I could not bear the noise of the passenger R.R., so I went on foot ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B26_F10_p131.jpg) to Front and Willow. I reached home really sick with one of my worst headaches. I had walked over 5 miles, no trifle for me, besides my journeys in the cars. I slept till tea-time, and felt a little better so I worked till ten vainly trying to make out that cipher. Both Bibles wrong. Thursday April 15. Rose early, heard that Johnny had worked 4 hours at the cipher. I had made out one word, he none. I worked till the eleven o'clock train came with Langenheim. I had to go off with him then, and we took pictures of the valley, Harry, and a copy of a picture, to get good time. After dinner, though I felt pretty shaky I set to work, again, and worked only stop- -ping to swallow my tea till half past ten. This made me dream of the cipher and made me wake often too with frag- -ments of words tormenting me. Friday. Rising very early I finished my cipher by nine, and John took it in to Pat. It was very puzzling. The Bibles gave no help, and Tom made many mistakes. I felt as if I had been dreaming so absorbed was I in my calculations. I was determined ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B26_F10_p132.jpg) x Col. Tom's had a great desire for romantic, curious mystery, secrecy symbols and ciphers Here shown to have no great practical value by young wife to make it out. Took a little walk in the rain, wrote diary. studied Spanish, and before dinner examined the cipher which Mr Heazlitt sent me. As it was undated and I had no Bible Tom will know that I had a task of some difficulty. To show however that the x cipher is not likely to prove any puzzle to a good decipherer, even I, with all my ignorance, made it all out by bedtime. I suppose it must link into parts of Mr Heazlitt's letter as it is too unconnected for a message. It makes me so happy to be able to do anything for Tom. Saturday April 17. Yesterday Bess and I strolled out on the piazza at twilight, while I could not work. She spoke of Lizzie's sadness and her fears that she would not take her trouble rightly. This led her to speak of herself. She said she felt as if all the gayety and joy had gone out of her life with her father, that she saw the Butlers, Cadwaladers etc enjoying life, and she felt a sort of benevolent grandmotherly interest in them, but no youthfulness. I was just on the point of saying—Well, but you are growing older. when it struck me that it would give her good cause to say again, poor girl, that I sometimes make myself so hard, and "cornery" when she comes to lean on me for sympathy. So I ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B26_F10_p133.jpg) just said I had always felt old, and then Bess said what I know would gratify Tom that her great comfort and joy lay in the House of Refuge. What a lovely place Fern Rock is! As we x paced the terrace there was such a sweet sound of falling waters, and the last tones of the sunset crimsons and purples were so harmonized with the maple buds, and the purplish gray woods, while there were soft green grass, and yellow green willows, and brilliant wheatfields that with the steel like gleam of Rock Run here and there, made up the lights of the picture. "Sweet spots for childhood's opening bloom, For sportive youth to stray in, For manhood to enjoy its prime, And age to wear away in!" I hope we may be able to live here long! ~ Today I feel so weary that I haven't energy to do anything particular. I minded the children awhile, studied Spanish, walked a little, sewed a little, I cut out photographs a little. Johnny says I must take Cod Liver Oil. I think I will. I should so like to look better when Tom sees me. Dear Pat came out in the 2 P.M. train. He ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B26_F10_p134.jpg) T.LK. did not want Pat's efforts to help. *Buchanan's fussy footing brought me out sundry newspaper slips. The Peace Commissioners have actually reached St Louis! Pat has had paragraphs, and Letters from Cal- -ifornia inserted in the papers mentioning Tom's mission, to take the wind out of their sails. Tomorrow he goes to Canandaigua to see if there is anything to do about old Mr Greig's will, and as he passes through New York he will see and talk with Mr Dana of the Tribune. Then he thinks of going on to Washington, and getting Buchanan to appoint Tom one of the Commissioners at least so that his expenses may be defrayed by Government. He and Mrssrs Plitt and Forney think Mr B. has behaved badly. His exceedingly non-committal letters are, they say, "Buck all over, so that if Mr K. succeeds, he may approve him, if he fails desavow him." * I hope Tom will have succeeded in making peace before the Commissioners get out of there. (I hope it isn't unchristian to wish that!) If they do get out I hope they will not be empowered to revoke Tom's arrangements. I hope Mr Buchanan is not going to uphold Tom! I see a frightful possibility Suppose poor Young & H C Kimball give them- -selves up on the faith of Tom's word, and then Buchanan refuses to sustain him? ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B26_F10_p135.jpg) My God, help Tom to act wisely! Johnny insisted on my going over to German- -town with him this afternoon. The ride did me good as I felt sick and headachey. He is getting Frank into better order again. Bess is away in town today so as to teach at the H. R. today and tomorrow. 63 Sunday 18th April. I have caught a violent cold which makes me feel very dull. Mother and I went together to the Baptist church. I prayed that today might be a holy pleasant Sunday and that I might get some good out of the services. To my surprise and delight I heard one of the best sermons I have listened to for a long time. It was admirably suited to the congregation, and helped me too. The text was "In all thy ways acknowledge Him, and He shall direct thy paths." I preached myself a good sermon afterwards on the same text. I hope I'll profit, as well as preach! We dined early to let Pat and John dine before J. drove his brother to town to reach the N.Y. cars. — Dear wee Harry brought me a bouquet of wild flowers she gathered in the meadow. — I felt so good for nothing ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B26_F10_p136.jpg) with my cold, that I lay down in the * after- -noon. I re-perused a number of the letters Tom and I interchanged before we married. Mine are very childish, but I do not think either of us have cause to blush for them. But ah me, how little I have done to fulfil the course Tom marked out for me. "Evangeline," and "Christian Lady in Society." Ah no, no! How far from it! But my darling how nobly he acts out his life, God bless him, my true love and Red Cross Knight. I canonise him in my very heart of hearts. I wrote a letter to Walter this afternoon urging* him not to go away from N. Y. as he purposes. I think his duty - as son and brother ought to keep him here. Would to God I were as clear sighted about my own duties as I am about other people's! Monday April 19. Johnny did not return till very late last night. This morning he tells of a most interesting visit to Mr Plitt who is, he says, not only not working for <–to take> Tom's place but urgent that he should have it. If Mr Cadawalader's appointment be delayed until tomorrow, he thinks he can prevent it and get Mr Sharswood in, and Tom as his clerk. He says the Commissionership is a bad thing. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B26_F10_p137.jpg) 1858 * As I felt very much disinclined to do anything this dull rainy day. I forced myself to work for an hour and a half at my Spanish, and then to sew till dinner time. Bessie came out of town and I read aloud T. Tennyson's Poems to her, and so passed the day. Tuesday April 20. John Cadwalader is appointed. No chance for Tom there. Poor Dudley Tyng is dead. His arm had to be amputated (it was mashed in some machinery) and during the operation his poor wife held his head. It was all in vain, and he leaves six little children, poor fellow. X—The papers also mention that a courier passed through St. Louis two weeks before the Peace Commissioners with orders to Col. Johnston to delay proceedings till they reach him. I wish Tom may have settled everything before they get there! 64 Studied, sewed, and read aloud. — Johnny brings out word that Mr Plitt wants, to show the President Tom's letter to his father. So we were busy all the evening, as Pat has taken it away, putting together what I remembered of it, and the cipher letter. Up twice in the night with Sashy, who seemed croupy. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B26_F10_p138.jpg) * Wednesday April 21st I am sure my darling thinks of me today, for it is our wedding-day. Five years ago God gave him to me. May He bless him! How good he has been to me. Oh, I hope I may be a better wife to him when he comes back. My own darling husband! The papers have a mention that a courier passed. through St. Louis on Sunday night with despatches from Col. Johnston which have not yet transpired I hope this may prove to be the first news of Tom from this side. The Press has a letter from Washington signed Observer, (Mr Plitt's work, I suppose), which mentions that probably Col. Kane who went out via the California line on a peace mission is accredited to his old friend B. Y. Thus the army will have emissaries of peace on both sides. John says that Mr Plitt tells him that Buchanan often asks for the latest news from "our friend Kane." — I do not believe all the boys can live at home. There must always be one master, or head of the house. Thursday. 22nd I learned no lessons either yesterday or today as Lizzie was here yesterday, and Miss B. Snyder, both days. So I had to sew and read aloud. I have been wearying for news from Tom. I am almost at the end of my slender stock of fortitude! So long a time ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B26_F10_p139.jpg) elapses between the time he writes, and the time he I receives. I am just miserable. How I long for him! —I am taking some medicine Johnny pre- -scribed, Phospatic Syrup. He says it will make me strong and fat too. I must get some strength to help bear up poor Tom. I wish I had put G. Sand's novels away. Johnny spends day after day poring over them instead of working. Friday 23rd. No news yet! Well, a California steamer is due on Tuesday. I shall have letters then perhaps, but even then I cannot hope to hear of the time he will return. Dear, dear Tom, how I long for you. — It is cleaning day so I have been nursery maid till now, half past eleven. Both babies are sleeping 65 but they have some curious eruption on them wh. Johnny does not recognise. If they are not well by night I am to give them magnesia. Wrote to Charlotte, and to Denny & Duncan by today's mail. — I had written thus far when Bess came to say that Mr Charles Wister (Red headed man) wished to see me. I found he had just begun photographing and was anxious for information. So I talked during his visit steadily on photography. Then Bess & I walked to Branchtown, and then I dressed for dinner. Pat came out looking rather better for his trip to New York. He says that after all ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B26_F10_p140.jpg) * he would not be surprised by Mr Cadwalader's offering the place of Clerk to Tom. He says that it seems almost absurd to relate the events of two or three days, matters change so. Mr Plitt, he thinks now, has five or six games on hand. He tried to arrange that he should have the Clerkship if Cadwalader got the Judgeship. Failing in it, he found a fatter place for which he is trying. At the same time he wants to interfere with Cadwalader's confirmation so that he may have a chance with Sharswood should he not gain the "fatter place." At the same time he will try to urge the giving of a Commissionership to Tom, as it would wipe off his obligations. Pat is as sweet and kind as ever. He is worthy to be Tom's brother. I had a nice long letter from Papa describing his delightful Niagara visit, and telling me very good news, namely that he has resigned his salary of £1000 as Acting Manager, and only keeps his shares like Jno & Alex Dennistown. This he says, "Chiefly owing to a letter you wrote me some time ago." There is also a delightful letter from Charlotte This evening as Jane was busy downstairs about some of her oratorical performances I had time to study my Spanish for about an hour. Then I came down and read aloud ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B26_F10_p141.jpg) to Bessie till bed-time. *Sunfury & Erie RR. legislation Saturday 24th April. No news yet! Bessie gone to town. — I minded the babies, and then went over to my shed where I tried to copy one of the Judge's photographs, not very successfully. My time was good enough—40 to 45 seconds— but those incom- -prehensible branched stains are over them all. After dinner read the new number of the Virginians After tea sewed. Slept with Mother. Pat says old Judge Wilcox will be here tomorrow. Sunday April 23th Minded babies till ten, when Judge Wilcox arrived to spend the day. He seemed delighted to see us and was in the greatest glee about the passage of the S. & E. 66 R. R. bill.* He warmly urges our coming to spend two or three months, as he says they talk of following Tom's route, and he ought to see its location. Ah me, I wish we could go. Not only on account of the extra health and happiness, but, I was so mortified by Tom's going off leaving his routes unexplained. I daresay it was just as well to punish me for my pride, but I was so very proud of his engineering, though he didn't know it. I could not resist dreaming over a sweet quiet summer at Elk County, without hurries and ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B26_F10_p142.jpg) our overwork. I fancied our riding together, walking together, working together, I acting as his amanu- -ensis—it was very pleasant. Mother said she wished we would settle these, and then she would come quietly and end her days with us. It is not the first time she has so spoken. I daresay she would be quite happy there in a few years. I wish we could afford to go there this summer. Tom has no work yet, and if he writes for a time, better there than here. Then Johnny is obliged to be here all summer so that he would be less anxious about Mother. Mr Wilcox says that poor Mrs Burlingame is dead. I gave him a little ambrotype of Harry for his wife — A dull sermon at the School House. Wednesday April 28th. Monday at the dentist's, Mrs Humphreys and Aunt Patterson's. I heard of the sudden death of Col. Devonport. Mrs Humphreys has also just lost her sister. It seems as if one led a quiet uneventful life for years, suddenly a stone drops into the waters, and the ripple spreads, and spreads! How many people are mourning their friends! — Tuesday, Mother went to Philadelphia to see Mrs Devonport. Bess and I walked to Fisher's Lane, and then after dinner I read to Bess. Willie wrote me a very sweet letter. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B26_F10_p143.jpg) April 1858 Today, I called on Mrs Ingersoll, seved in the machine, learned, as I photographed with some success, and talked to S. Butler. A letter from Antony Osborn. No news from my own darling. Thursday Evening. God grant that our fancy that we sympathise in each other's trouble no matter how far severed, may be an absurd dream. What can have upset me so this evening? I am so sad I can scarce keep back my tears. Oh my God, my God, preserve my husband! —Perhaps he is sad about his dear Father of whom I have thought so much today. 67 Friday Morning. I had very sweet dreams of my darling's return. Would to God they might prove true! As usual, I waited impatiently for the newspaper, as usual returned disappointed. I hope I may possess my soul in patience. Yesterday I was provoked to find those pretty photographs I took lately, all peeled off. Bad varnish! Saturday. Yesterday was too warm to photograph. I therefore sewed, minded the babies, and ph entertained visitors. I wrote to Tot, and my day was gone— ah me, how slow they pass without Tom. I always expect news of him every day, and each day turns on the arrival of the ten a.m. and 5. P.M. trains by which newspapers come. There is no news, and I ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B26_F10_p144.jpg) come back sick at heart. How long, how long! Yesterday it was said that that the U.S. Commissioners left Fort Leavenworth on the 25th for Utah. Harry was croupy last night. Today I sewed some time before breakfast, trimmed my lamp, wrote this and strolled about with my darlings before the ten o'clock train. Now I shall go down to meet the paper, and return sadly to my Spanish lesson. If it weren't so intensely warm I would photograph but I daren't risk a bilious fever, if we are to stay here all summer. I paid Jane's wages for the year ending May 1st $78 Sunday, May 2. Of course I was disappointed—No news! I sewed nearly all day, Johnny taking me a drive in the afternoon. I had a very sweet letter from Walter. Pat is too busy with the elections to come out of town just now, so I cannot hear whether Mr Plitt has done anything in the matter of the Commissionership. I wish Pat could contrive to go to Washington himself, and obtain it for Tom! We hear that Drs Jackson and Hare are dangerously ill of Pneumonia. This is Jane's Sunday out, and I am in charge. Elisha is asleep and as I am therefore freed from building toyhouses, I have been reading Isaiah in the darkened room till what with fatigue and "the slow clock ticking." I am very sleepy. — Sunday Evening. Read lots of sermons, and went to church. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B26_F10_p145.jpg) this afternoon. PI also went to church. Pat came out to tea with Mr Vandyke. He says Mr T. is really anxious to keep up Tom's name before that old rascal of a Buchanan. 68 Monday. Went to town did all my duty visits shopped and went to the dentists. Read to B. in the evening, and studied Spanish. Wrote to Walter & to Papa Tuesday. Made a sheet for Mother, sewed for the babies, walked with Bessie to Mrs Mears' and photographed the Rock, the Gate, Harry & Bessie before tea. No news, no news! — Read aloud to Bessie in the evening. Wednesday April 5. Meant to print my pictures but find it rainy. Sewed steadily in the early morning, finishing a pretty little basque for one of the children. Then, went over to my shed, swept it out, washed my glasses, arranged my shelves, and polished my scales. Came home minded the babies, cleaned half a dozen glass plates, and cut out a pattern for a frock. After dinner sewed on it. Am pleased to find my negatives compare well with Langenheim's. May they give pleasure to my darling! If I loved and worked for God's approbation as I do for his, how different I might be! I wish I knew how to sympathise fully with Bess I understand Mother so much better. Thursday Sewed a good deal, saw visitors, tried to photograph the bridge unsuccessfully. After tea let Jane Nelly go to a concert at the Baptist Church and sat by the chil- ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B26_F10_p146.jpg) sewing till bedtime. Friday May 7. Poor Charles H. Fisher has lost his wife. She died last night of puerperal fever. It rained all day so I did not go out, but sewed all day. Jane had a two weeks wash to put out so that I took care of the babies from breakfast till bedtime, their bed- -time that is. In the evening helped Mother, who is house- -cleaning. I wish poor Bess could rouse herself to be useful to her! She helps me so readily when I ask her. Today was one I had marked for receiving news of Tom by way of Camp Scott. How my heart beat when I unfolded the paper and read the heading. "The Utah Mail." 69 It was only something about the establishment af a weekly mail to Utah. How great a disappointment it is I can scarcely say. My heart sickens to think how many dangers he runs. God bless and keep him safe. Saturday May 8. No news. Today I was busy printing my photographs which look very well. Not feeling well, and having a violent headache I went to bed after tea. Sunday. Jane at church. Took charge of the babies and wrote to Papa and Willie. I am reading a delightful book "Jaqueline Pascal– Convent Life at Port Royal." I have never been more interested in an novel than I am in this book. We so often feel that one great evil of a convential life must be that of having the ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B26_F10_p147.jpg) thoughts turned so much to self-contemplation. This phrase struck me therefore "The nuns of Port Royal usually spent their conference hour in speaking of texts of scripture, or questions of conscience;—they never referred to their own personal feelings, views, or temptations, lest the sympathy of others should induce a craving for human praise." I can read myself a sermon on that text, and — ought this diary to stand or fall? Another chapter headed Parental Opposition con- -tains passages from some of Agnes Arnauld's letters which I should like to copy, had I time; they are so wise and Christian. Jaqueline herself does not please me. She is too hard, and too much a nun. The book speaks of Pascal's having "invented a new way of teaching persons to read, by subs- -tituting the pronunciation of letters syllables for that of letters." I thought it was a modern idea. —Evening. I have just finished Jaqueline's Life, and like her rather better. But it seems dreadful to think how much genius was buried in the napkin of Port Royal. We err too much in the little thought we give to God, and the little time we give to meditation and prayer. Her life so austere, so pure, so self denying, was over religious perhaps, but viewed side by side with ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B26_F10_p148.jpg) mine how worldly, selfish and unlovely mine is. Reading the Bible this evening how far off I seem from the apostles' directions. If I give my body to be burned, and have not charity—I am nothing. I, ah how uncharitable in word and deed, and worse in thought! "He that loveth not his brother whom he hath seen how can he love God whom he hath not seen?" That would be so great a thing to remember, when I get so angry sometimes. God forgive me, and help me to do better. 70 I hope I shall be more sympathising with poor Bess, and not forget that she is just in the agony, and cannot be expected to be very reasonable. Poor Bess, I am sure I love her. Why can't I say so, and caress her as she loves to be? I wish Tom were here! He could pet her. I am very sad about Tom. His long silence, my uncertainty about his safety— can it be possible that God is testing my strength to bear the blow of parting from him all my life. My husband, my own hearts life, I could not, could not bear that. It is easy to talk of its being only for a few years, but one day would be like a thousand years without him. Everything I do or think is with reference to his coming. I try not to ob- -trude him into my conversation all the time but not very successfully I fear. Little Sashy, Harry and I talk about him all the time. They don't laugh at it, and I take an ever fresh delight in saying — "What will ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B26_F10_p149.jpg) * Age now 22 2 children you do when Papa comes?" Then Sashy claps his hands and Harry says "Kiss him, and say Oh dear Papa I'm glad to see you." (Said without any stops.) Wednesday Evening May 12th This is my 22nd birthday. If my dear one is alive I know he has thought often and tenderly of me today. I ought to have been ?making resolves for the future, and retrospects of the past years of my life, but all my thoughts are swallowed up in anxiety. The mail I looked for from Utah is in (the one by Camp Scott) bringing dates of March 3rd but with no mention of Tom. The most favorable supposition is that he has only been unsuccessful in the object of his mission. I have been so wrought up with anticipation lately that I hope I am now unnecessarily cast down. Yesterday I cried for hours like a coward. Now I drag on hour by hour longing for some news of my husband. I try to sew, and read aloud to Bess but it is very hard. Patience, patience, the steamer comes in tomorrow or Friday — then I must have some word of him. Let me school myself not to be disappointed if he appoints no time for his return. Poor Antony set my heart on fire by writing that by this steamer he "might send news of him if not himself." Himself, oh my husband my love, may God grant that I may once more see ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B26_F10_p150.jpg) you. My dear Tom! Thursday. Mother and Bess both gone to town this lovely day I had to give up the idea of photographing, as I was to be prepared to receive visitors. When the babies hour was over I went to Mr Butler's woods and took up a quantity of fern roots and carried them to Mrs. Ingersoll for her "rockwork." Then Miss Brewer, a nice young Boston girl who is staying there, returned with me and spent the morning till about one. After that I took charge of the children till dinner time letting them frolic in the meadow to their heart's content. After dinner I mounted some photographs. Read to Bessie in the evening. 21 Friday. Raining hard but went to town in hopes of some news of my dearest husband. A. Osborne writes to Pat that he has no letters, but encloses a newspaper slip saying how that he arrived in Salt Lake on the 25th of February, and after sundry interviews with Gov. Young left for Camp Scott. So far, thank God, he is safe! Returned in the ten A. M. train with a thankful heart. — Prepared two dry plates— failures— and sewed, Read the new number of the Virginians to Bess. Studied a Spanish lesson Saturday Took charge of the children till ½ past ten. The remainder of the morning photographed. [Obtained a good view of the house, developed with protosulphate of iron. Tried 10 sec. first. The time good for tree tops & sky but too short for house ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B26_F10_p151.jpg) Tried again 15 sec. Rather long for sky, and not quite enough for house. Poured silver strengthenes three times. If the result is as pretty in the positive as the negative is, I shall be glad. Oh my dear Tom if I can gratify you how proud your wifie will be. I took another, of the bridge, I am determined not to fail. Both yesterdays failures were attempts at it. This time I developed (for the first time since last spring) with pyro-gallic acid. It gives stronger blue-blacks but does not admit of strengthening with silver, as I found to my cost. I obtained one pretty view (20 sec.) and as it had unfortu- -nately grown too dry on the edges, I attempted another in order to make a stereoscopic picture. I gave it 25 sec. wh. proved too long, and trying to strengthen it, it turned a very pretty amber colour in spots. My time, therefore, with small diaphragm, at noon, is about 20 sec. for Pyro- -gallic acid.] I came home, minded the babies, began copying "To thee oh dear dear country" for Papa at his request, and wrote diary. I received a kind note from Walter with a large piece of pretty edging. After dinner finished copying that hymn, then took my camera and looked for views, settling the time. —See Book. In the evening finished at my wheel 18 collars & cuffs for Lizzie ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B26_F10_p152.jpg) By the bye Bessie gave me a message from one of the House of Refuge girls of my old class who was going West — alluding to a pa parabolical story I told them, and saying — "Tell Mrs Kane I never mean to forget about the butter." Truly, I shall have a lot of idle words to answer for, if one's words dropped so carelessly make good or bad impressions while we pass heedlessly on.— Took a Spanish lesson 72 Sunday May 16. Last night I was up seven or eight times with Sashy who was quite croupy. Today, I really enjoyed. I copied "To thee, O dear, dear country and another pretty hymn in the back of this book, and learned another pretty one. Wrote to Tot, and read a sermon of Trench's before our early dinner. Then Mr and Mrs Ingersoll called, and then J.P.G. and I went over to the Octagon School House. There a very good sermon was read by Mr Harris, This is Ascension Sunday, and our text was "If ye loved me, ye would rejoice because I said, I go unto my Father." We came home through Nice's Woods, a lovely walk and a lovely day. I read my Bible in the evening but went to bed early. May 17. This morning I tried to photograph, but did not succeed. I cannot run up the hill fast enough Coming home I took up the paper in a careless way and saw — "Advices from Fort Leavenworth up to the 13th ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B26_F10_p153.jpg) state that an express had arrived from Camp Scott with letters dated April 10th. The Mormons had are arrived reported as leaving Salt Lake City, for the White River Mountains, and Governor Cumming has gone to the City by invitation — St. Louis May 15. This will certainly give us news of my darling— this is his work. At first I imagined it would bring himself but he would be mentioned. At any rate he will soon be at Fort Leavenworth. Thank God, thank God. Thursd Wednesday, May 19. A world of events have hap- -pened in these two days. I went to town yesterday as Mother was going in, to attend to her asylum visiting– and to see Aunt Julia. I accompanied her to Aunt Patterson's, and then performed my own errands, which took me to Mr Langenheim's. He promised to come out to see me on Thursday. All these things occupied the morning. I joined Mother and came out of town to dinner. We had scarcely risen from table when little Willy Morton came in with a radiant face, fumbling at his pocket the while. "Any letters, Willy?" "Yes ma'am" then in a burst "Good news from Mr Tom, See!" holding up a little leather package and a letter. I almost kissed the boy. I was so confused I scarcely knew what I was doing, but there—my own darling had sent me his am- -brotype. How much love his sending it to me ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B26_F10_p154.jpg) * Philadelphia Bulletin newspaper expressed! He hates to do it, but he knew that no gift he could ever give would be so precious to me, who hunger for the light of his face, He looks— ah my darling, how I studied all the little details, how I devoured the dear face. He wrote to me too, precious lines that I laid aside almost unread, for there was a note from Pat 73 asking me to decipher a letter he enclosed. It took all my afternoon and evening. Today, the newspapers and the town are ringing with his praises. Pat takes letters, etc, to Mr Buch -anan tonight. Evening— *The Bulletin says that the Washington Union denies Tom's official mission — That Bucha- nan! I must say that I was delighted with Mother's feeling. She showed her love and pride in my boy so evidently. Little Harry looked at his picture, blushed, and cried out "That's Tom," and Sashy kissed it. God bless them. Harry knows several pieces of poetry "for Tommige." Printed pictures today. I want to make a complete set of all my photographs, and have them nicely mounted for Tom to see. I must try not to waste completely the time he is employing so nobly. He is so good, oh how unworthy of him I feel myself! ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B26_F10_p155.jpg) Read Kingsley's "Saints Tragedy" aloud in the eve- ning — I cannot help being ungrateful enough to wish Tom would soon be here. I know I ought to be amply satisfied with the almost unhoped for success God has given, and it does make me thankful. But Tom says — "Expect letters by the next semi-monthly mail, but do not be disappointed if they are not carried through." Letters, his letters, are welcome Heaven knows but I hoped in the truth of my heart though I did not say so, to be clasped in his arms ere two weeks were over. Oh the longed for rest and peace of kneeling beside him at my evening prayer, and then falling asleep in his arms. True love, and dearest friend, I want your help, and counsel so much! How long, how long it seems! — But I am ungrateful — I have enjoyed the happiness of being with him for five years, he loves me still — can I not lend him to God to do His work a tithe of my happy years? Perhaps God will restore us to each other soon. Others have never known the happiness of such love! I can endure his absence if I offer it to God. I know that I do love Christ a little because I feel glad to be able to show him that I can make a sacrifice to Him. Yet dare I call this a sacrifice? Alas no! We are unprofitable servants we have done what it is our duty ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B26_F10_p156.jpg) crossed off wording! " that the Fs were going to publish the letters unless the family buy them off. to do. Nevertheless, for Christ's sake, I will try to make no more grumblings at my own life's absence. Friday. Pat left on Wednesday for Washington. He took on two letters for Mr Buchanan from Tom, as well as our letters. I prayed most earnestly for his success. — I had very hopeful, delighted letters from Papa, Nell, and Harry on Thursday. Mr. Langenheim came out to give me a lesson in Photography, and stayed to dinner. Also Mr Shields and R. Wetherill. I was very tired when I came in to dinner. Afterwards Mother called me to show me a letter R. W. brought from Emily Morris paying * that the F's were going to publish the love letters [---] [---] the family buys them off? Mother thought it important for me to take the letter in, to Pat. 74 I assured her on my own authority, that she need give herself no uneasiness as I knew there was nothing they could publish that would detract from — reputation, and only bade her say nothing to Bess. I then went to town, left the letter and messages with John, and came out in the 8 P. M. Germantown train, pretty well worn out. Johnny says that Mr Butler is intensely excited ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B26_F10_p157.jpg) by Tom's success. The town rings with his praises. "At the club they call him "The Napoleon of Peace.'" Seems to me I have a faint recollection of that soubriquet as applied by Punch to old Louis Philippe. No matter — and no matter what they say. They make him, my own husband neither less nor more than I have always known him, the noblest, in action, most unselfish, most thoughtful for others, the highest in aim, of any one I ever knew. The nearer I go to his heart of hearts, the better I know him as the years roll on, the more deeply I venerate him. Oh how poor and mean my best is to his worst action! Poor darling ,in his letter he speaks of "adoration" for me! I would go from here to town on my homes just to kiss his feet Come! that's — what was it he used to call it? — " dulcamorous twaddle! This morning I went to the station a little before the time I had to go to town, and picked up the paper for the first time without special reference to my darling. Suddenly I saw a blessed wee scrap — "Col. Kane at Fort Leavenworth." I dashed up to the house screamed out the news and dashed off to the cars again. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B26_F10_p158.jpg) * Note on Buchanan's behalf Pat was not yet at the offive, so I went to his rooms, waited till he was dressed and heard all the details of his most satisfactory visit to Washington. Mr Buchanan saw him from 8 to 10 A.M. said the "Peace Commissioners" were no more Commissioners than Tom himself, spoke of Tom as a noble character, etc, and with his own hand wrote a notice to the Union, saying that Tom was no Mormon, but a worthy brother of Elisha's, — a noble enterprise — etc, etc, Pat says he is anxious that it should be known as undertaken on Tom's personal responsibility, that the Government should not have the credit. I confessed to a wish to have Tom's expenses paid by Government. Pat said "Tom's achievement is worth more than $2600 to the family." Mr Hazlitt brought out sundry papers to us about Tom. Mother is having our newsrooms cleaned up, that we may be in them when Tom returns. The Union publishes Mr Buchanan's denial of Tom's being a Mormon. Saturday 22 As I feared, the report of his being at Leavenworth is a mistake. I was not so much cast down as I might have been owing to my not having fully credited it at first. Besides I have offered the little sacrifice ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B26_F10_p159.jpg) to God, and He will help me. Mother went to Aunt Anne's with John, Bessie is gone to town so I am entirely alone. Dear wee Harry dined with 75 me. I asked her to say "Dear friend when will you bring Papa home. Do being him home soon!" Harry put her curly head on one side and said, "Won't you wait till dear friend's ready, Murrer , dear?" Yes, I will wait with patience, and remember that God loveth a cheerful giver. I worked hard all day putting my furniture and clothes into my new rooms, though the incentive to haste no longer exists. Then I walked about over the ground finding a new orchis, and a new woodsorrel. Then John Green brought me a little, loving letter from my darling. I wish I knew what date to look forward to for his return. I think I shall mouth off this day month. Mother came home about <½> ½ past 6, weary, yet better for her journey. After tea, as I sat at my sewing, she came down stairs, and said — "I heard Tom call "Mother" plainly." John went to town in the evening to ask Mr Plitt whether he could not take on the despatches to Mr Buchanan instead of poor Pat, who went on to New York about the I's* today, and goes to Washington tomorrow unless John persuades him to let him go. *Foxes ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B26_F10_p160.jpg) Sunday. Jane's day out. Read my Bible, and "Christ in Hades" an epic in blank verse written by a college friend of Mr Shields. Dreary, very. Yet not without passages which are quite sublime? grand? — ?pretty well! Wrote to Charlotte, Walter and Nelly. Read one of Trench's Hulsean Lectures. Monday, May 24th. I printed a number of Photographs [toning with gold, to see whether I was right in believing gold to be the produces of Mr Guillon's intense blacks. It is, but my solution is too old, and makes my whites yellow.] Mother turns me into Pat's room as she wants my entry varnished. I sewed a little and read to Bessie some of the Saint's Tragedy, and began to read to her "Woman's Thoughts about Women." Walked to Branchtown, and studied my Spanish lesson. Tuesday 25. Last night the papers mentioned Mor- -ton's arrest for an assault in New York — This morning poor Willie told us Mr Machette came in and informed his mother who was very much distressed. Willie knew it yesterday but kept it to himself. Poor little fellow that accounts for his headache and his slipping home dinnerless yesterday! 76 John says Morton will be bailed out by Mr. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B26_F10_p161.jpg) * still a family saying in the Kane tribe. Gunnell. After breakfast I walked up there to tell Mrs M. so, and then went on to Rover's, etc, I sewed all morning, Mother having desired me to go with her to Mr. Fisher's, but it rains now, and we cannot go. Poor Mr Guillon's projected visit last week was prevented by his sister's death, Mrs Lizzy Thibault. — Deaths everywhere! Last night mention was made in the papers of my poor boy's being so exhausted when he reached Camp Scott that they had to lift him off his horse. This was on the 12th of March. Courage and patience! "Commit his way unto the Lord, trust also in Him and, He shall ?bring it to pass." — Dear Harry was murmuring something to which I paid no attention. At last she pulled my dress "Mamma, don't you hear this dear little voice!" "What is it, Harry?" Harry: "Kentish Sir Byng Stood for his King, Bidding the crop-headed Parliament swing ?And raising a troop Unable to stoop And see the vogues flourish, and honest folk droop Marched them along ?Fifty score strong. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B26_F10_p162.jpg) Great hearted gentlemen singing this song ?Cavaliers up! Sips from the cup! Hands from the pasty, nor bite take, nor sup! Till you're marching along Fifty score strong Great hearted gentlemen, singing this song." I was greatly surprised. While Jane was getting their supper the other night I had amused them and myself by shouting it out, but Harry picked it up amazingly fast. She then said "Little drops of water,” and "Twinkle, twinkle,? little star," two verses of the ‘’Happy Homes of England," a ?good half of the "Forsaken Merman" and "In summer on the headlands The Baltic's heights along The Neckan tunes his harp of gold, And sings his plaintive song. Green rolls the Baltic sea And there, beneath the Neckan's feet His wife and children be." 77 Harry believes the picture of the "Shipwreck" in the study to relate both to the Neckan and the Merman. She is as she would say" re (the) oddest ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B26_F10_p163.jpg) little fish!" She tells us long stories about an imaginary family, Betty, Willy, and Pringle Dalton. Sometimes it is a transposition of an actual scene. Sometimes a pure fiction like the following: Looking up from her bread and butter she said — "Dowton and I were out in the field, cricketing, and the bat flew over into the pas (path) Murder, Dowton, says I murder, boy, what will you do now." Well, what did he say, Harry? "Say, oh nothing. He's just a baby, He's two years – o' wage," answers with great contempt her ladyship, not yet three "years o' wage." Here's her picture, little pet. When I am dead and gone she may pick up the book and show her children what a bright darling she was. [oval gold image of a little girl in a chair] [written on the right side of the image] May 25? 1858 So I first see this in 1969 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B26_F10_p164.jpg) Same day Evening. Bessie comes home from town, no Pat so I cannot hear at all fully what news there is from Tom. Oh to see the President's letters! The papers say Tom was fired at twice by a sentinel This Evening's Bulletin repeats the old story of his being at Fort Leavenworth. Bess says Pat told her Tom was obliged to go into the mountain fastnesses to persuade over young Kimball who is dis- -inclined for peace - a service of great danger. My heart sinks to think that this is all true. I know how Tom is wearing his dear frail body out. Heavenly Father, give me courage and patience. Help me to bear on my way cheerfully and composedly, and not to imagine myself the only sufferer in the household. I have hope still of clasping my beloved again even in this world. God bless him, strengthen comfort and support him. — Pat speaks very warmly of Mr B. — I drove through the rain to Germantown with Johnny for mother's butter, etc, Wednesday 25th We were all sad yesterday evening, Mother very much so. I read the Saints' Tragedy aloud. Today is as usual this month a pouring rain, not even allowing me the glimpses of sunshine I ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B26_F10_p165.jpg) * generally avail myself of for photographing. So I stayed at home, sewed, mounted photographs finished reading aloud The Saint's Tragedy, and commenced reading Prescott's Philip the Second to myself. *Pat came out to dinner, returning after an hour or two to town. I had not seen him since his interview on Monday with <(Pres)> Buchanan, and so he told us about it, and about the contents of Tom's letters, of which he had not time to obtain 78 copies. — As the little article Mr B. put in the Union speaks of Tom's "volunteering" Pat pointedly referred to his letters as being friendly, not "official despatches." Pat warned him that the contractors evidently interfered with the mail, that our letters had been opened — (Government has had no dispatches at all) and said that owing to the ill-feeling of the army, garbled dispatches would be quite likely to appear in the papers soon. Might he take the liberty of preparing the Press? Mr B — lifting up his hands, deprecatingly, "Oh Mr Kane, I trust that is unnecessary — I do not want Congressional investigations in the last two weeks of the session." Pat says the hard work is killing the poor old gentleman. Pat tells me that Tom cannot leave ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B26_F10_p166.jpg) there for months! I — So, I will not write about it. God bless my own! If I in our own home nest with our dear children about me feel lonely, what must he do in his ’’wind chilled tent." Dear, dear Tom. The Mail of February 1st reached Camp Scott on the 22 March. That of March 1st may then reach there on the 22nd April. Allow to the 1st of May as time for delays, we ought to hear very soon how my poor boy bears his calamity. If it had only been permitted that he might make a speedy peace, we might hear of him in two days at Leavenworth. This sort of thing which I should be afraid to breathe to the others keeps me in constant alternations of hope and disappointment to know that I may not see him for months, to hope secretly that a few days may bring him — this uncertainty tears my heart, My pet, my darling, how I pray for you! Friday, May 28. I passed the whole of yesterday in bed with a very bad sick headache. Johnny gave me chloro- -form which affected me curiously. After struggling a little I felt suddenly pervaded by the most delicious languor, no pain, nor distress. I was perfectly con- -scious of all around me yet I could not help moaning louder and louder. My breathing was affected however so that they threw windows open and bathed my face with cold ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B26_F10_p167.jpg) water. The headache returned at once, but my breathing was affected for some time. As I could do nothing, I allowed myself to dream over all our happy married life. Oh so happy! — They were all so kind to me, as I lay sick. This morning I feel too weak to work though there is a most tempting sky overhead. I have arranged the children's clothes in our new apartments. May the new little dear home soon be blessed by the presence of our darling to whom Harry and Sashy and I belong. How nice to think of. There is a steamer from California due today, but it will not bring any Utah mail, nor, if it brings news from some one lately arrived, would its news be so late as what we have. Tomorrow week I ought to have news again from Tom overland, probably giving us the information that he has heard of Father's death. Our letters of March 25th arrived only three days after those of the preceding mail. 79 Saturday. Nothing in the papers except a formal denial of Tom’s being at Leavenworth. Vain attempts to copy Fanny Butler’s miniature. I am so weak that I can do nothing scarcely even hold the pen. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B26_F10_p168.jpg) Sunday May 30 Yesterday I dawdled about and sewed all day, except while I read Kingsley’s new poem, "Androm- -eda" which is quite pretty, and also a shorter one "St. Maura" In the evening John brought out Dr S. S Joynes' cards. He marries Miss S. Y. Archer. Poor Rose Bayley! There was also an envelope from Bess enclosing a pencil scrawl from Tot, which distresses me much. She alludes to her having been "very far from well," and speaks as if she was uneasy about herself. I have written to Aunt Eliza to ask her to tell me about Tot’s state. Dear Aunt E. has her up at Pellwood. God be thanked for raising her up so kind a friend. Dear Tot how little I have ever done to repay her devotion to me Dear, dear old Tot! Mother wanted to get her hymnbooks. from the Germantown church, so we spent a forlorn morning there. I could not help recalling my coming to Reneselaer nearly six years ago, and the welcome and kindness Tom’s betrothed received. Father, and Elisha — gone, and Tom, already five months away Mother and I are both widowed; God grant I may see my husband again in this world, but even then I fear that absence may have cured him of his love for one. Even if he continue to love me — he has also learned to do without me. Lost tragedy I also wrote to Papa, and in the afternoon took ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B26_F10_p169.jpg) 1858 a long walk with Johnny Green past Tacony Creek where dear Tom has so often driven me in happier days. Monday. May 31st. A very fatiguing day Jane had an immense wash, so I sat minding the babies sewing and peeping into "Philip II" till twelve. Then I went to photograph F. Butler's miniature and after dinner read Kingsley’s "Andromeda" to Bess. Then I walked with the babies till their bed-time. I had a long wall letter from a Mrs. Clark of S. Bernardino telling me about Tom’s being there, and her husband’s accompany- -ing him to Salt Lake, about her baby’s death etc. I am asked to write her news of him. God grant I may have good news to give! Tuesday, June 1st. A cloudy day though not rainy. I was very anxious to go photographing but delayed till noon as Mother wanted to have her hair dyed. (I paid Jane’s wages, by the bye) Then I took 8 attempts at likenesses of Bess two of which I kept. In the evening rode over with Johnny to call on the Dunlap's. 80 Wednesday June 2. Today I marked for hearing news of Tom, but there is none. Well, he must send word soon. Every day's leaden wing's bear it nearer. (Strange dream about Forgiveness) ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B26_F10_p170.jpg) I obtained a capital copy of the Judge's [-] -tograph, and took a nice little Iikeness of Bess. Then I prepared some paper and printed 20 photographs in the afternoon, reading the "North British" the while. Al[-] ripped some work, and saw Mr & Mrs Mercer, Mrs Hone, Mrs Ashurst and Mr Ingersoll. In the evening wrote to Mrs Clark. I copy i[-] that Tom may see if I have committed a terrible gaucheries in my answer. "My dear Mrs Clark, I received your very kind letter with great pleasure, and hasten to reply to it by first opportunity, though perhaps it would be b[-] to wait till I have news of your friend, my husband, to send you. Our last letters were dated March 24th, and I suppose you already know much more about him and the result of his lab[--] at Salt Lake than I do. He speaks most hig[-] of those who escorted him to Salt Lake, of w[--] your good husband was one; and both his m[-] and I are grateful for the devotion shown by them, and by his old friends at Deseret I shall be sure to tell Mr. Kane, if he is spared return, among the first things, how pleasant acquaintance I have formed in S. Bernar[-] ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B26_F10_p171.jpg) [text of page already transcribed, only text of overlay] P S Direst to Me Fuggitts Post Office San Jouquin County California ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B26_F10_p172.jpg) May 2d 1858 To Mrs Thomas L Kane My dear Friend I have seated myself to attempt to write to you to fulfill my promise to your noble husband. Col. Kane. & I only wish I was I was mere capable of performing the task of writing a Letter to one that is a stranger to me, although I have never beheld your face. yet in imagination I have often held intercourse with you. I should have been very glad to have written to you before, but my weak nature is such, that if any care, or especially anxiety is on my mind, I cannot direct my mind in such a channel as I desire, and although I am aware how great your anxiety must be you have parted with your husband, the Father of your two beautiful children to undertake an arduous and tedious Journey to endeavour if possible to peace with a people and their government so much like the self sacrificing race of the Kanes willing always to undertake any hard- ship for the good of their fellowman. when the Dr arrived at San Barnardino his health was very poor I endeavoured to render him all the assistence I could. although he was travelling in cog. I recognized in Dr Osburne. Col. Kane whom I had seen 12 years ago, when I found out who was going to accom -pany him to Utah I knew they were not suitable ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B26_F10_p173.jpg) [Column 1] men to take care of a sick person. I perposed to the Dr to let my husband go along with him, as I thought him more suitable as he had had a great deal of sick -ness in his own Family your husband refused to him away from me, knowing my lonely situation, I insisted on it, telling him that it was no course for me than you, they started on the sixth of Feby, (and I was also somewhat afraid of the Dr being overtaken) many a prayer I endeavoured to offer up for their safety & success. My husband accompanied him to settle Salt Lake and returned by the Drs request to San Barnardino on business, when he left him he had improved very much in health, and I earnestly hope by this time that he is enjoying the society of his family, and helping to comfort his bereaved mother, for I saw by the papers the death of the Hon Judge Kane. I know how to sympathise with you in your deep affliction, for I have been sorely afflicted, none but a mother can fully realise my only precious child has been taken from me and although nearly a year has passed away my loss seems greater to day than it did the day the grave veiled her from my sight, sweet little Daughter Language fails to express the feelings of my heart, and the big tears of regret flow freely down my cheek when I reflect she is gone, the loss of our parents is a severe trial, but the loss [Column 2] of our parents after we have arrived at the age of maturity and away to ourselves, is nothing in comparison with that of a promsing child the only invaluable treasure you are iin possession off, our parents liked their time had their joys and their sorrows their cares & their disappoint -ments and we could not in reason suppos they would or could desire a much longer life, but our children we do not expect them to die, they are ful of promise & hope and it hardly seems right that they should be taken from us, although we know our little cherub child has passed death gloomy portal we know her little spirit miles Although my dear friend we are called by providence to be seperated by Death from our dear friends, yet their is something cheering in the thought that they are freed from soorow pain& death, but I must draw to a close on this subject for I am afraid I have worried you now, I am very anxious to hear what success the Dr. had at Utah & how he is. I see by the papers that he had left Utah will you be kind enough to answer this letter Has now become immortal But oh how, we miss her now For winter rains are falling And every hour methinks I hear My precious child a calling And very place wherere I go I find some little token some little play thing that the loved Or toy that she had broken ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B26_F10_p174.jpg) and give me some information excuse this hasty Epistle and now may the very God of peace & consolation rest & and abide with you all is the prayer of your affectionate Friend Frances Lissie Clark PS Direst to me Fuggitts Post Office San Jouquin County California ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B26_F10_p175.jpg) And then he will tell me more of you than your letter does. I could not love my own little children so much without feeling grieved that you have lost your little darling. I suppose you must have many a lonely hour, for you are far from the home and friends of your childhood. But is it is not —" oh, bother, my letter was entirely too long and tedious to copy. If I do not see my own darling soon, this journal will have expanded far too much to bore him with it. Thursday June 3. I am so glad that Mother has gone to town today to attend a meeting of her Widows' Board. Bessie went with her, so I could not photograph much, as I had to be dressed to see visitors. I tried to take a picture of Harry but she moved too much. I also tried to take a little beauty of a picture. It was part of the gnarled trunk and roots of a tree overhanging the stream with a tuft of ferns in a nook of the roots. It failed, as my collodion washed off, but I shall try again if I ever make dry plate pictures. I sewed a great deal today too. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B26_F10_p176.jpg) * 81Friday June 4th. I saw in the paper last night that the Utah Mail was in, that Gov. Cumming was turned out of S.L.C. and that the Mormons were determined to resist. I cannot think it true, and wrote so to A. Osborn. Today the papers seem to dis- -credit it. I went to town in spite of my cold, but could get no farther news of Tom. Nice letters from home. Wrote to the girls. The Wetherills spent the after- -noon here. Saturday June 5th. Worked hard all morning with Willie Morton, washing glass plates, mixing solutions and printing pictures. Sewed, and patched clothes for the wash. Expected letters confidently from Tom, so ran down to meet Pat when he arrived by the 2.25 P.M. train. He evidently had none, but I thought J.P.G. would bring them in the evening So I occupied myself as patiently as I could with Mother and Pat. Poor Mother is quite sick. Johnny Green came out in the evening. No letter! I could not prevent two or three tears trickling out of my eyes, as I lay down on my pillow. I counted the days so for these letters. They were the ones which I hoped would tell me how bravely my darling was bearing his sorrow,* *Note: (over his father's death) ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B26_F10_p177.jpg) and how soon I might look for him. This makes me fear that he has broken down under the shock, Surely, if he were well, he would not delay writing. Sunday June 6th. Jane's day out. I have got Elisha asleep, and Harry is hanging about me as I write. I have been reading my Bible, and praying, and I hope I will have faith to believe that God will take care of us. I was very unhappy yesterday. Worry- -ing about our future, what Tom's occupation should be, etc, etc. As a brighter side let me remember. First, I have his love, and mine for him — we have our two dear children, and such dear friends. Then, I have money enough for the present, and these beautiful new rooms to live in, and no chance of starving. Plenty therefore to make me only too thankful for the present. All God asks of me is, to trust Him with the future. Surely, I may! Wrote to Tot, and to Papa, and read one of Trench's Hulsean Lectures. Monday June 7. Last night and today Mother is suffering intensely with an eruption, and with six boils, poor thing. Baby, too, looks very sick so worn with teething! 72 I spent all the earlier part of the morning minding babies studying my Spanish lesson, and reading "Philip the Second." Then the Dan- ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B26_F10_p178.jpg) -laps came to spend the day. By the time they were gone, and Jane up from her tea I was too headachey to do anything but go to bed. Tuesday. Finished Philip the Second (1st vol) and began sorting a ?number of letters. Lizzie and Miss Gibbs were here from 11 till 6. After they went, I prepared two dry plates for another trial tomorrow. I suppose they will fail too! Friday. My * book! I treat you ill. When I am dull or stupid, I write ?many a page in you. When there is a pressure either of joy or grief, I forget all about you! Therefore, I broke off my writing on Tuesday, as Johnny Green came in with letters from my own husband, dated as late as May 2. He had heard the news, and wrote Iike a Christian ?should. My darling, my darling! The good part of his news was yet to come; he will try to be ?home before June is out, and today is the eleventh! We, Mother and I, were sitting at the dining room table close ?to each other that we might share the light. Before we had finished the letter Bess and John returned from a drive, and we passed such ?a thankful hour. I wrote to ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B26_F10_p179.jpg) Tom at Fort Laramie in the evening, and? to him at Weston Mo. and Fort Kearney, Grand lsland yesterday before? breakfast. Then on Wednesday morning I worked steadily and finished mounting the photographs I have for Tom. My dry plates did not do, as usual. Thursday I put all my ?loose letters in order and packed our winter things in Camphor. Read ?aloud a little, Mother rather better of her troubles. Alfred Pell kindly sent me the first number of a photographic journal. I signed as one of Mamma's children, an agree- -ment, already signed ?by all but Willie, to allow our trustees to invest her settlement on ?bond and mortgage in the U.S. Papa acting as agent. Pat did not seem? very sure about its legality. I think of going to New York for a couple of days on tomorrow , literally, "pour passer le temps" Friday. Went to town. Saw the President's message in which he says no word of Tom, though in a special message on Utah affairs a word of praise would have been, to say the least, graceful. Papa telegraphed me not to come. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B26_F10_p180.jpg) ADD FOOTNOTE x We know now that Salt Lake City was AT BOTTOM OF ready to be fired by the Mormons if they were hostile 83 PAGE E.K. Saturday. Very rainy! I minded the children from 8 to 11, pasted all our newspaper scraps, began the 2nd vol. of Philip IInd made myself a whole black petticoat, read a novel, put down all the accounts in my big book from my little one for May, sorted clothes for the wash, made my entries in the photographic journal, trans- -lated a cipher from Tom, and read aloud to Bess a drama called "King's daughter of Provence." Pretty busy day. Tom's cipher is as follows: "April 18. Mr Buchanan should send out a good District Attorney. Let the administration papers handle the letter-writing of officers without gloves. Things are working well. But for the presence of the troops the brave Cummings would have no difficulty. He has made one grave mistake, (not to be mentioned) but is right on public matters. It will be easier to save blood from being shed than the city from x burning. Brigham Young is laboring in earnest, but the people are flying south by hundreds, and the Indians breaking in enough to justify their alarm. Thank God, my health is such as you have never known it" ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B26_F10_p181.jpg) June 20 1858 Sunday Read a sermon, my Bible, and wrote a long, long letter to Tom in the morning. Thursday I said laughingly today that when I was happy and joyful I forgot my diary, and only wrote when I was sad. Yesterday we heard Tom was at Bomerville Today we ought to have heard of his arrival at St. Louis It is ten at night. John has just come home. No news whatever of Tom. The waters of the rivers are much swollen say the papers — God preserve my darling Sunday 20th June. My head is in a perfect whirl with the events of the last few days. I will make a note of them simply, first, lest I have no time for details, and then try to amplify it. Thursday I worked from morning to night and had everything in order for Tom. Friday I was so anxious that I went to town at ½ past 9. No news! I telegraphed to the Planter's Hotel, St. Louis for information, and while awaiting an answer, I went out to execute a number of commissions. Coming back, I heard that he was actually here! He was going out in the same train with me, though he would not see me until he reached Fern Rock. He looked far better in health than when he left here. 84 I cannot believe that he was only here from Friday afternoon till Saturday morning. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B26_F10_p182.jpg) I heard and felt so much, and was so happy and so unhappy! Sat up till 12. Saturday. I unpacked his clothes, and minded the children till half past eleven, escorted him to town, returned at 2.25, the thermomoter 90 in the shade, dined, packed his furs in camphor sorted looked through a market basket full of Elisha's papers, to select certain ones, (copied one, wrote to Tom,) sorted all his papers, put them away, mailed those he was charged with, minded the children, drank tea, went up to sit with the sleeping babies while Jane washed, cried myself to sleep and went to bed, worn out, at eleven. Sunday. Mother gone to town with John, Bessie is already there. *Tom is in Washing- -ton but I do not miss him. I have so much to dwell on, he has given me so much to think of during his absence that I am rather glad of the opportunity to collect my thoughts. So if I write all down I shall do it some distance ahead that I may keep it quite private, and tear it up. A Mr Stenhouse called here, and asked for information, he was connected with the Herald, and a Mormon. I tried to give him exactly what he said he was going to write ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B26_F10_p183.jpg) "an interesting account saying nothing." x I am glad however that I am no longer my own mistress but can refer everything to "the Colonel". x He asked me if the Colonel returned with a lower opinion of the people of the Territory. I answered that he spoke so warmly of his friends there, that I thought he must esteem them more highly if possible. He wanted to know about the truth of the emigration. I told him the truth, that Mr Kane had not informed me of their destination, etc, ln fact, I tried to let him do the talking, because I did not want to commit Tom, if I could help it. I showed him the likenesses, and I told him about the real story of the firing at Louis Robinson. — I have been crying for hours over my darling's notebook and some marks dated in my Bible. I want to write him all that is in my heart. My poor darling. "For a little moment have I forsaken Thee, but with great mercy will I gather thee". "Though He slay me, yet will I trust in Him." ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B26_F10_p184.jpg) S. Bernardino (1) 85 * Monday. An extraordinarily hot day. My temper is ruffled too by a discussion I have had. I think I might write down as Tom tells me of them, some of his adven- -tures, lest I forget them. First the truth of his S. Bernardino adventure. His quarters at the tavern, where he was lying sick, were so miserable, that he went to an empty building formerly the house of Amasa Lyman to lie down in peace. (At the tavern while he lay on the floor in the dark. a row began in the next room the combatants finally bursting in and falling over him.) Two speculators who had bought Lyman's house let him go there, and sleep in their room. This house was a very large one (fifteen windows on a side) and was divided by party walls, and separate entrances into several domiciles. At one end some people were living, a man and woman, and a sick mountaineer whom they were nursing. Tom used to get the woman to boil milk for him, and doctored the mountaineer with the contents of his little medicine chest. These people however, he thought evidently distrustful of him. * It was part of his policy to make the Anti- Mormons distrust him that their enmity might be a passport to the confidence of the Mormons In this he succeeded only too well. The coming of ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B26_F10_p185.jpg) the Vigilance Committee's Committee of arrest was changed by his bold front into the visit of a Committee of Inquiry. He bluffed them off, and made a partial confidant of District Attorney Marin. The head man Pickett he scared into remaining outside the town all day telling him that he had three fellows watching who would shoot him if he made his appearance in the town that day. At night feeling anxious about the safety of his trunk, left at the tavern, he made a circuit outside the town and came into the tavern where he actually was while the Vigilance Committee were holding a meeting there. They deter When he got back to the deserted house he affected to go to bed, but felt uneasy because his speculator companions lay down on either side of him. He determined therefore if possible to rid himself of the valuable papers he had with him. His companions fell sound asleep and he rose and stole out of doors. Whichever way he went he found himself dogged, the house was en- -tirely surrounded by spies. He was forced to go back, and had to stay awake all night as he was unacquainted with the house and did not know where he might not expect an attack. From the sounds some one was evi- -dently up all night watching in the building (Skip two or three pages) ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B26_F10_p186.jpg) S. Bernardino 1 87 Sunday June 20. 1858 Tom and I had a good deal of talk together. I said in my diary that "I was so happy and unhappy." What made me unhappy was this. Tom told me the first moment we were alone, Iike my dear honest darling, that the hope that had dawned on him of being a Christian was gone. — Now what distresses me is not the same trouble as I used to have, because I am sure it is only a cloud veiling the sun. I know that my prayers won't fall to the ground, I know that he will be a Christian, and if I had exulted in the answer to my prayer too soon, I can wait patiently. Late or soon it shall be answered. Not all the men on earth, nor all the fiends in hell could persuade me against Christ's words "Ask and ye shall receive." I know that I ask a prayer that is a right one, and the answer I will have. True it is that for six years I have prayed daily for this one thing, but sometimes it has been more habit, not always the “strong crying and tears" with which I prayed last night. I need no special revelation, no messenger from heaven to tell me what I feel in the depth of my soul that my Savior hears, and is my advocate. I know my prayer ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B26_F10_p187.jpg) will be granted. My grief is, that the only comfort in his trouble is not his now, All my letters dwelt on that comfort. What can he do? And how hard it will be to shut up in my own breast again all the sym- -pathies that went out to my brother – Christian. He was so much nearer me! I don't know how to talk to him, for my thoughts have so moulded themselves around that hope that I — Oh dear poor Tom! I think I must not show you my diary, It would pain you now. I am glad I did not know he had lost his staff till now. I could not have borne his absence. Another (minor) distress is that Tom thought my likeness was—, what I asked him anxiously though he thought jestingly. May God spare me! It would break Tom's heart if it proved so. Another thing! Tom will not even allow his expenses to be paid by Government. We have therefore enough to pay our debts & have $9184 over but Tom has work connected. $2600 Taken with him +$1200 Drawn while absent 3800 $4000 Invested of E K K's money in Mc Kean land, & owing his estate. $2000 $ 384 = 9884 Sent his father with no voucher $1384 Owing Charlotte. 191 14,184 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B26_F10_p188.jpg) S. Bernardino 1 Debit Creditor. Taken away $ 2600 Insurance Policies 10. 000 Drawn while away " 1200 Chicago Stock. 1. 300 Invested of E. K. K. " 4000 Mc Kean lands. 4. 000 Estate and owing to it Owing Charlotte " 1384 Bonus on Policies . 850 " 9184 Sent his father, but with 2 000 " No voucher that I know of " 18. 150 " 18.150 – 9.184 = 8.966 [text of page partially covered by overlay] -nected with this Mormon work that will for some time prevent his finding occupation. Then he has decided to live here. Suppose his health fails? I told him I thought his expenses ought to be paid. His services are not to be valued by money; he has risked his life, and lost his happiness, and that he gives freely to his country I had hoped to his God. For that he would take no payment, and he would be right. But with a useless woman like me to be a drag on him, with no prospect of employment (lucrative employment, his family will give him work enough) and with two children I do not think he can afford it. Still, he wills it, and notwithstanding his theory of partnership, equal rights, and so forth, practically the only result of my disapproval ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B26_F10_p189.jpg) * note she prevailed on her father to give up * £1000 salary is to depress his spirits, and make him firmer in the belief which I know he entertains that my honour is not as delicate as his,* and that my mercantile associations make 88 me covetous. God knows if I could work so as to maintain him, and our children, I would never interfere to prevent his sacrificing every cent he had, for I do honour and respect from the bottom of my heart his noble delicacy and disinterestedness. But I know that if he dies, or if he cannot get work he can do we must be a burden on Mother's estate. That galls me. Oh, if I had only not come to him penniless! To be a burden on him in everything degrades me in my own eyes, Heaven grant me sense enough to make my daughter independent. * There's the curse of my life, if I am exempt froms Eve's. To eat the bread of Dependence, bitterer than gall. Tom told me they were going to offer him the embassy to Naples, as hush money. Now there is the sort of thing that I do fully agree with him in. But what's done can't ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B26_F10_p190.jpg) S. Bernardino 1 be undone. I can only try to be cheerful and help him to stagger along under his burden. Would to God I could carry it, or my share! I write down all I can remember of his interview with the President upon his return. The President was waiting for him, he was told; he turned someone away as T. came into the Hall. Up there he met Mr. Bigler, however. The President taking T's hand, with effusion: "Colonel Kane!" T.L.K. "Well, Sir, Have I been as good as my word?" Joey B. "Better — More than as good as your word” (More effusion, and words of thanks) Sit down: you look fatigued: How are you?" (Here Mr. Bigler left, the Prest saying he would see him some other time). J.B. Now tell me all about it. 89 T.L.K. Well, it is all true, or, "all so." Being then told that it was, and better than he had yet heard, he thanked God with some solemnity, and immediately after. "But these poor creatures — is there much suffering among them? Will they be homeless (or some such phrase) next winter? Have they food enough? — I rejoice to hear it. If they had food enough — that is what I wanted to know. He was here silent "saying grace probably" Tom said, as he was, then, "Now tell me all about "it he said ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B26_F10_p191.jpg) *Note and Tom went on. That Saturday evening and a part of Monday morning he explained a few matters of the past but the whole of the 5 days spent in Washington with the Presi- -dent and Cabinet were given to the examination of such facts as bore upon the future. *Tom explained the abuse of the newspapers by the fact that he had refused to tell them anything. He thought none the less highly of the President & Cabinet because they had altercations with him afterwards upon the subject of the course to be pursued respecting Utah in the future. He said they were honest and open differences of opinion, and if he did not convince at once, what wonder, seeing that the truth had been kept from them by designing persons, and they no doubt heard it from him for the first time. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B26_F10_p192.jpg) S. Bernardino 2 Continued With the earliest light he was up walking in the garden and saw at one of the windows a womans face watching him, the woman who lived at the end of the building. She looked not unfriendly so he greeted her, and she made him a sign to come near. When he came in, she closed the door behind him, and falling on her knees with clasped hands said "If I know you, I'll never say that I know you. Oh, Dr Osborne can't you be saved yet?" Then she told him she had recognised him as the companion of their flight from Nauvoo (By the bye Pickett recognised him) that she had made her husband go on the Vigilance Committee He started with them, for they had dispatched another committee of arrest last evening, slipped ahead, told her, "For God's sake, hide that man down the well." She found Tom absent, he was then at the tavern, but hid away his valise, and when the committee arrived, told them he was away, and had had no luggage there. She insisted on Tom's taking her husband with him, in short — she is the Mrs Clark whose letter I inserted some pages back. I am glad I wrote to her so warmly. She told him her story. She was one of Kimball's many wives, but had run away with George Clark. [-] But they were unhappy ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B26_F10_p193.jpg) Note - Check T. L. K.'s the curse was on them; their little one died. She knew that for their sin George and she could have no children. But she said "If by saving you, I could do a service to God's church on earth, I would feel that I did not need a drop of water to cool my tongue when I shall lift up my eyes being in torments." Two of Tom's faithful escorts were George *Clark, and the Mountaineer. He told us no more of the adventure, but he told me that he tried in vain to have the *curse removed from Frances Clark when he went to Salt Lake. Only when he was coming away Br. Young told him as a piece of news that there was a special revelation that Heaven was disposed *to look leniently on Frances on account of her eminent services to the church. The only thing Tom's diary says of S. Bernardino is his departure from it Feb. 6. "Adieu to the Beautiful Valley, the beautiful mountains round the rim, the beautiful cultivated fields, the town shining like forms of crystal in the distant plain. Soon alas adieu to the flowers. This prim- -rose I have plucked, with a violet — se[---]s & peonies are overcome by the sands as we approach the [--]ts and are replaced by old man "and wormwood & chamisso A shrub dense white with flowers of a ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B26_F10_p194.jpg) bitter fragrance adorns the arid thicket, but we are bidding goodbye to freshness, spring, and flowers. We turn round the hills down upon the plains whi[-] confront our course, and discover that they impeded our view of a wave billow, a wonderful depression in the mighty mountains — the Cajon Pass So he went forth into the desert. May the God whom he served, and who blessed his work with success call him indeed one of the "Children of God." ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B26_F10_p195.jpg) 89? Saturday June 26th. Now that the object for which I journalised these long months is attained, and my darling is safe at home it scarcely seems worth while to chronicle the days. Yet I may as well finish this one book. Among our economies I may as well not be wasteful of the paper left here. While Tom was away in Washington I stayed at home going through my usual round of occupa- -tions, except that on Wednesday Bessie and I went to Hamilton Village to see Becky and Mary On Thursday I came to town expecting to meet Tom at 3 P.M. but when I came into the office, I had the pleasure of seeing him lying on the sofa in the back room. There was nothing of importance in our meeting yet I recall it with extreme pleasure. It was I think the feeling of content that I saw in his dear face. He liked to see me going about the room, and it makes one so happy to live in the sunlight of loving looks from one's dearest. There were two Mormons there, one an exceedingly striking, distinguished-looking fellow, named Howard Egan, the other a vulgar-looking reporter. We went out of town by the 2.25 train. Tom was worn out and went to bed directly after dinner. I sat by him, and put him to ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B26_F10_p196.jpg) S. Bernardino 2 sleep as in the old times. After tea, I wrote at his dictation till bed-time. He planned that I should go to New York with him, but I finally concluded to give it up, partly for economy's sake, partly knowing I should be in his way. 90 Friday. I was up very early to do some copying for him before breakfast. He went off for New York in the early train. I don't feel easy about him at all. He is sick already and is also suffering much from one eye, which was injured in crossing the snows. Finished the second volume of Philip II which interested me much. I sewed a good deal, both with my needle, and the machine. In the afternoon Mr Butler & Uncle Bill came out to see Tom. I had a long letter from Langenheim kindly explaining the dry collodion process. I must copy keep it in my photographic journal. Though if I continue to feel the heat so much I shall not care to photograph till the autumn. Walked up and down in the evening, with Bess, on the piazza. I felt miserable about dear Tom. This morning packed up Tom's furs, read & sewed. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B26_F10_p197.jpg) * *WM. Woods Finances Sunday July 4. Tom came home last Saturday week worn out, overworked and sick. Judge Black dined with him on Monday, and on Tuesday morning he woke up with a violent fever. Though he is better now he is still very weak. On Tuesday next we propose to go to Pillwood if he is well enough. Cattskill Mountain House July 9.* Tom was well enough last Tuesday to be helped into the carriage, and Johnny drove us through lovely country lanes to Tacony, where we took the cars for New York. He bore the journey wonderfully well. At Jersey City. Papa and Walter met us. The latter was very anxious for us to visit his kind little wife at Orange, and I was pleased to see him so earnest. Papa looked very well. He too wished us to go to Yonkers his country residence for the summer, but we were bound to West Point whither a very urgent letter from Mr Pell drew us, Something was evidently wrong. He and his son Alfred went up in the boat with us and were both very kind and cordial. — By the bye Papa told Tom his fortune was apparently going to be little affected by last autumn’s crisis — about $200.000 I believe he thinks he has. * The sail up the Hudson, though long, Tom bore very well, enjoying the breeze and the lovely scenery till we reached West Point about 7 in the evening. Mr Pell’s house commands a lovely view over the Hudson fronting the twin Dunderbergs and Anthony ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B26_F10_p198.jpg) S. Bernardino 2 Nose. When we arrived, Charlotte and Aunt Eliza were out driving so we had time to dress and rest a little before they came in, and tea was served. The evening passed quietly and pleasantly. Tom slept well and seemed better far? by morning. We were down early looking at the view, the house and the photographs of exquisite 91 European scenes hung round the walls. The house is admirably adapted for its purpose as a summer resides You enter from a wide piazza, running the length of the house, into a spacious hall running through the house to an equally wide back piazza. It is floored in tessilated woods, which have a good effect, and has an ample stair- case running straight upwards to the end of the hall where it turns and branches right and left. On either side of the hall are the dining, and drawing rooms running through the house too, with ample large windows on either side. Upstairs are six bedrooms, three dressingrooms & a bathroom. Under the principal or first floor are the servants and young men’s rooms, vary airy and pleasant too. By the bye I may as well put in poor Alfred’s photographs of it. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B26_F10_p199.jpg) After breakfast Charlotte took me and Mr Pell, Tom, and we had the pleasure of fulfilling another agreeable duty. Charlotte had been blinded to the fact that the younger Alfred was falling violently in love with her, and the poor simple fellow was desperate. It was a painful thing to hear, the more so as I am afraid Tom thinks Tot was not entirely free from blame. The story as she told it is this: Last winter while staying at their house in town she had fancied, as did also Aunt Eliza and Mr. Pell that he was falling in love with her. (Indeed, even I from her letters surmised as much — writing to say that I did not believe in these Platonic friendships. one or both parties was sure to end by falling in love, and I then pointed out as strongly as I could do, the insurmountable barriers between them) After Tot’s visit to us in March, she returned to 16th St. instead of to Mr. Pell’s, and it was determined by Mr Pell that he would seek ,an explanation with Alfred. If the result proved him in love, she was not to be invited to West Point. He says he was not in love then, at any rate he denied it said, he was not, never had been and never could be with Charlotte, and gave his father to under stand that he loved some one else. Set completely at rest she was invited to West Point, and gave herself up to enjoying to its utmost the delights of what she fully believed to be a men brotherly friendship. At last she began to think he was in love again & ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B26_F10_p200.jpg) S. Bernardino (2) for the sake of mutual peace determined to obey the doctor’s prescription of sea air by visiting Elie. This determination brought matters to a crisis. He declared himself, was so equivocally refused that he fancied him- -self accepted, and a painful family explanation was the result. He had been sent to Niagara, but had returned. Our visit was to carry her to stay with us till she sailed. ~ Tom heard the story from the father who naturally blamed Tot. Tom said she must leave at once, and come with us next morning. This she distinctly refused to do. She was trying a doctor who would not consent to her leaving before Tuesday. Tom then said we must go. Aunt Eliza was very much disappointed and so was I. I had hoped much pleasure from the visit. I could not help being very sorry for poor Alfred. He lumbered about doing everything he could quietly to make our visit pleasant and I was so sorry to act a sort of ogre’s part to him. (92) For Charlotte, too, I am sorry, though I cannot write down the story without seeing that she is not blameless Wednesday evening we drove to the parade, saw her & Mrs Baird The Delafields, etc, and on Thursday morning started for Catskill So ended a visit I had often hoped to pay. I was pleasantly reminded of Lege'd King of Ethiopia's Seven happy days. All that I looked for I had - Aunt Eliza, Charlotte, Tom, pleasant weather, lovely scenery, books, pictures, photographs ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B26_F10_p201.jpg) * and I cried bitterly! — Well Cattskill disappoints me too. Tom is very depressed, and has bad dreams. Saturday July 10. My own Harry's birthday. Three years old today. Thank God for those happy years. May He teach us to perform our duty to the dear souls He has committed to our charge that we may render them back into His hands "unspotted from the world." We went to see the Cattskill Falls today, but Tom seems thoroughly worn out & dispirited, I wish I could make him enjoy these few days. Tom thinks it may be our duty to take care of ourselves, that some day we may be blessed again. Sunday. Yesterday evening we received a telegram which company upset Tom's nerves. It merely said "Expect important letters by next mail. All well. Telegraph if you receive this." I am afraid we shall be gone before the letters arrive. We had quite a good sermon. Tom and I have had a long talk about "Will." It struck me, and I fancied the thought original till I talked with him, that some future day people would make a new doctrine and would be surprised to find that the New Testament had already proclaimed it — the doctrine of the exceeding power of Faith, we would now call it, the reliance on one's power for effecting a thing be it to besiege God's throne by prayer and gain one's petition, to influence one’s fellows as Napoleon did, or the seemingly miraculous power that Tom says these Mormons have. He has seen instances, scores of them, * ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B26_F10_p202.jpg) S. Bernardino 2 * copy out of invalids restored to [health and, working capacity by the word of the Mormon [priest.] That such things can be we know from the times of Moses, but the strange question does not seem to excite the attention it deserves. Something must be in the Obi power of the West Indies negro, some truth there must have lain among the middle many lies about witchcraft. * This power which dedicated to God, enables people to do the mighty works which we have record of, this same power which under the devil’s influence simulates the equally great works; – what is it to be called? Recognised in the Bible it is. I am not clever enough, nor have time to range the subjects properly, but do not these passages bear on it 93 — "For from the time of John the Baptist until now, the kingdom of heaven suffereth violence, and the violent take it by force” — the passage about prayer: "Knock and it shall be opened" etc." : again, where the disciples ask "Why could not we cast them out? again — where Peter sinks the moment his faith fails — the uniformly asked question, of belief – No cure attempted without that, the "Oh woman great is thy faith be it unto thee even as thou wilt," etc — and in the evil power the numerous mentions of false prophets, never denying that they actually did the works they professed to do. (James I 6-7) (James V 15 16 17 18) (I John IV 1,2,3) (I John 14,15) I cannot remember the place where it says speaking of Antichrist that he shall show signs and wonders insomuch ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B26_F10_p203.jpg) * that if it were possible he should deceive even the very elect (Mark II chap 22nd verse) (Mark 13 21 22) Apoc. XIII. 14 (676 x) (This spake he not of himself but being High Priest that year he prophised). — Thursday, July 15. We left Cattskill on Monday morning at 6, and reached home after a most fatiguing journey about ½ past 12 P.M. We first rode on the top of the stage, in a pouring rain, from the Mountain House to the village of Cattskill. Thence we went by steamboat to Poughkeepsie where we dined on flies beefsteak and sour bread, then took the noisy Hudson River Railroad Cars to New York, where we found a very drunken cabman who conveyed us to the Jersey City Ferry. After an hour's waiting the cars started and we reached Phila about 10.15. At the foot of Walnut Street, Pat was waiting for us. — The important news was merely that Mr Cadwalader has ap- pointed a Mr. Jones of Montgomery in Tom's stead. The pleasant cud of this information we chewed all the way out of town. Next morning the papers * contained information of the peaceful advance of the army. Tom was much disappointed because Bessie and I seemed considerably more provoked by the telegram's announcing the result as the work of the "Peace Commissioners" than rejoiced at the success of his labors. Then he grew so very sad and depressed that after trying to cheer him in vain ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B26_F10_p204.jpg) S. Bernardino (2) * Resolve to leave Phila return to Elk Co his fixed stony look began to frighten me, so I urged him to go to bed, and put my arms round him to aid him. He fell over as though fainting, and I laid him on the floor when he revived a little and made me rub his legs which were quite numbed. The affair served to show how weak he was, but it forced me to exert myself to cheer him. Thank God, I think I have been able to manifest as little dismay at our prospects as I could wish. I have told Tom we must go West whether to Elk County or beyond the Rocky Mountains I cannot tell, but it is evident that Philada can not be our home. He cannot earn enough to enable us to spend our winters here, our summers in a healthier climate. Better therefore to remain perma- -nently in the healthy mountains.* Our income will be I hope $500 per annum. I told him I thought he <94> might earn another $500 by writing. In the moun- -tains we could live on that. But health he must have. ~ Bess went to Lenox Wednesday afternoon and we are alone. Today I wrote asking Judge Wilcox if they could receive us about August 1st. Tom is better, though not well. Friday. Tom pretty well, but more cheerful. I must do my best to keep him so. We took a little drive, and Aunt Patterson & Cousin Mary spent the evening morning ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B26_F10_p205.jpg) * Copy this Egan * Friday afternoon. Messrs. Stenhouse and Egan, Mormons both, dined with us. Egan is an exceedingly noble looking fellow, who has been devoted to Tom. He was speaking of his detention in Phila (where he is waiting for a despatch from Tom to B. Young) and Tom said "You haven't regretted it, have you?" He answered "Well, I had my doubts for a while. — when I thought something might have happened, it did seem hard to be shut up here, losing my privileges. After a fellow's been trotting in the snow all winter, it is rather hard he shouldn't be allowed to lay a finger on them." * Tom said "when the true history of the Peace came to be written, B. Young would receive due credit as the peace-maker" etc. After listening patiently till he ended, knitting his brows & folding his hands E.* said — "I have as strong faith in Bro. Brigham as any one, but I can't allow Mrs. K. and Mr S., who don't know the truth as I do, to believe that Gov. Cumming would ever have felt to enter the city without Johnston to back him, or been allowed to enter if he did <(with any other)?> without another man. (T.L.K.) You should have taken me to one side and said "Don't say anything while I speak" or else I had to tell the truth." — * Egan said Grace for us, as simply and Christianly as it could have been done. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B26_F10_p206.jpg) Egan July 26th * Look for I attempted to take his likeness, and Mr Stenhouse formerly a practical photographer made a similar attempt. His was worse than mine I am glad to say. Saturday. Occupied with Tom and the children all day. Sunday Robert Patterson spent the day. Mon- -day Mr. Egan came to take leave. I took a good portrait of him, also a copy of a Madonna of Carlo Dolci's. Tuesday we called on the Fox's Smiths etc — So the week passed. I did a good deal of copying for Tom, and made some flannel under garments for the children. Saturday, the 26th has come round, again. I write little in my diary, being busy. Today 95 I feel very sad. Charlotte sailed for Scotland sending one a note in which she says I was unjust and harsh in my judgment of her. Judge Cadwalader and Mr Biddle, the gentlemen to whom Tom referred the question of publishing or not publishing his a report of his: "Utah mission confirmed" Tom's own judgment. They dined with him today. I had my own little disappointment today. I had prepared three <3> dry plates at some pains and they floated off the glass; my collodion film being too thin. Messrs. Cresson and Fraley called here on Thursday ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B26_F10_p207.jpg) and Tom talked Mc. K. & E. affairs over with them. I wish they would give Tom Mr Struthers' place! Sunday. Heard quite a good sermon at the Baptist Church on ”Lunch not the Spirit.” I would have liked to hear what the minister had to say on "Despise not prophesysng"! Besides I wrote to Aunt Eliza, and to Papa. Charlotte sailed yesterday Monday. Went to town with Tom as he was anxious to work at the Mc. K. & E. Co’s office. I went in, chiefly to keep Tom company. Fusses both days. Goodness, how I hate them! Tuesday & Wednesday – had some drives with Tom, but I have forgotten all the other occurrences. Thursday — Heard that poor Becky had lost her baby. Two editors of "The Pennsylvanian" dined with us. Like all Tom's friends they were very anxious for him to pub- lish some full account of his mission. He assigns the following reasons for his refusal, to me, which I wish that others knew. He says his work is done, and may go for what it is worth. All he has to do with is his responsibility for the future. Every word he utters, good, bad or indifferent would be caught up in Utah and used to influence the public mind there. While he is silent they will wait and keep on the lookout for something from him for a good while. All this time they will be settling down, quieting their own apprehensions, and making ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B26_F10_p208.jpg) S. Bernardino (2) good the best of things. He says it does not come up to his idea of a "report to the nation" to give them either a partial or distorted electioneering canvasser's view of things. When it will be safe to tell the truth to the Americans, they shall hear the whole of it for their own good. They will have to know, for instance, what rascally treatment the Mormons have met with of late, and what excuse they had for rebelling. – <96> what an amount of mischief the Mormons have it in their power to do us, and probably, what a time-serving policy the present Administration is pursuing toward them. Anything of this kind from him would encourage the War party in Utah and proportionately depress the friends of Peace, whom it cost him when he was out there so much labor to rally. With regard to slights put upon him by the Administration, he will not see them. he says it is entirely too grave a matter for him to afford to perceive them. He thinks it would be wrong in him to see in the President either Buchanan or the head of the Democratic Party. Patriotism requires him to look upon him as the Chief of his nation and help him, when he is not doing wrong, by all the means in his power. The real interest of the Mormons cannot suffer, he thinks, if he keeps Brigham Young confidentially ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B26_F10_p209.jpg) posted up where it is necessary. But besides all this, I know Tom would never write everything out, because he would just do as he always does — feel mercifully to scamps when he had them in his power, and toning down his language would let the fire and spirit of his story es- cape him. Friday. Wrote part of an account letter to Papa. Tom's letters to Judge Black and the President went off today or rather yesterday evening. Wrote at Tom's dictation. In the afternoon the fierce brooding heat was broken by a violent gust. Among others it broke off the largest limb of the lightning scathed oak in front of the entrance door. In the evening we drove to visit the Dunlaps. Saturday. Tom went to town. I took advantage of his absence to put his study in complete order again. Friday Evening. My first writing for a week. I have had inflamed eyes, and have hardly done anything. Yesterday I went to see little Bessie Patterson* at the Idiot Asylum, and today delivered my report of the visit to her poor dear mother. Tom was somewhat exer- -cised this week. He is anxious to obtain this place in the Mc. K. & E. Co. as agent. Of course he ought to be in favour with the Board. Now ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B26_F10_p210.jpg) Mr Cresson informed him that Dalson had dis- -covered a valuable coalbasin in the S.W. part of the Company’s lands (where Tom advised his digging by the way) The Company therefore wish to urge the adoption of the Iron Creek route by the S. & E. Rr as it would bring the road through this portion 97 of their property. Tom knows this to be a ruinous route for the S. &. E. R.R. He Is known to have discovered two better ones: shall he go against all his interests (both as candidate for the agency, and as interested in Mc K & E. stock) and announce that he must as a Director of the S. & E. oppose them? We thought so, and today he did so, at the same time that he spoke of becoming a candidate for the agen- -cy. May God give us this place if it be good for us! ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B26_F10_p211.jpg) My Misfortunes. (IN PHOTOGRAPHY) First. Mr L. gave me the proportions for a 24 oz silver bath. I had only enough space for an 18 oz bath. I spoiled all that whole bath, and four pictures in it. That was my own fault. But Second. I prepared a new bath using the right pro- portions. To 18 oz filtered rain-water I added 1 oz 1 dr. Nitrate of Silver 2 oz 2 dr. acetic acid. Third. My gallic acid solution I prepared in accordance with Mr L's prescription. So also the weak silver solution. I had the iodide of potassium already prepared by Mr L. Fourth process. Second failure. Two plates silvered over-night a candle in the room at some distance (but with a feeble light shining near them); dried and put in the plate-holders in darkness. Exposed 5 min. in the camera, with the small diaphragm. Immersed in the iodine bath, in almost com- -plete darkness, one for 15 the other for 20 seconds. Washed immediately, then placed in the gallic acid. No image whatever made its appearance on the plate after about an hour and a half. The gallic acid solution beginning to grow turbid, added a few more drops of silver solution. No effect on the plates, but the solution began to deposit black, so threw it away. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B26_F10_p212.jpg) Fifth. Third trial. Having at no time noticed the opalescent, almost opaque whiteness of the plate, which I remember noticing in a plate Mr L. was developing and as no image making its appearance on the plate it occurred to me that perhaps my candle gave too much, and too white a light. The spoilt honey plates Mr L. prepared, spoiled by too much light were I remembered transparent like these. Accordingly, I have prepared a plate, that is to say, I have silvered one (and exposed it since) in the greatest obscurity, only allowing myself such a glimmer of candle-light as would prevent me from putting it in the wrong place. I gave it three hours to dry before exposing it. I now wait for darkness to attempt developing it. Sixth. In the meantime I have been reading Hunt. Photography. Page 279. Mr Malone says — "The next operation is to iodize the plate... as soon as the film has become yellow in color resembling beautifully stained glass,....... (plunge into the aceto nitrate bath). Allow it to remain until the transparent yellow tint disappears to be succeeded by a milky looking film of iodide of silver: Washing with distilled water leaves the plate ready for the camera." Now Mr L's process is to immerse the plate in iodide of potassium after leaving the camera, ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B26_F10_p213.jpg) E. D. K's Notes on Photography) and before using the gallic acid. But he says "This however is not necessary, water answers nearly as well." Is not the iodization of the plate required at some part of the process to sensitize the plate? I believe that Mr L. once told me that the immersion of the plate at the time he does it is to quicken the develop -ment merely. Now if it is immaterial at this point must not the iodization if necessary at all, have taken place sooner? From the time the plate passes into my hands until it is exposed in the camera no iodide of potassium touches it. Can it have been iodized before? I think not. It comes to me a perfectly clear glass plate, apparently coated only with albumen. In my hands the only change of color is to assume the yellow tint, blue by reflected light of wh. I suppose Malone to speak. That he gives as yielding to the milky-white film of iodide of silver on immersion in the bath. And this before the picture is taken. Now my plate is still transparent and colorless when it comes from the plate holders. Query. Has not Mr L. committed an oversight? Ought not the plates to be iodized? Has he iodized them? Is it not possible that as Mr I. L. prepared [The following is written upside down on page] 1 Barrel Flour. Maple sugar Molasses. White sugar 1 Ham. Cheese. Cranberries Corn. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B26_F10_p214.jpg) the plates for me, and Mr W. L. wrote my directions that the latter supposed the plates already iodized, and the former supposed that the iodization of the plates would be included in his brother's directions? I don't think that the L's secret lies in their dry negatives but in their dry positives on glass. The reasons are too many to give, but lead me to believe that their processes on dry negatives do not differ much from those given by Hunt. Therefore if my plate utterly fails I shall try immersing the plates before putting them in the silver, in the iodide. I forgot to say that spoilt dry plates of Mr L's had the milky look at first. Under exposure to the sun they gradually reddened to a very beautiful colour. After a long time they became a purplish brown. I must try that too. See Hunt. P. 117. July 12. The plate I spoke of did fail. I tried making a solution of 65 gr. Iod. Potass. to 1 oz water and poured it of over two plates, washing one afterwards, and leaving the other as it was, until immersed in the aceto-nitrate bath. The unwashed changed to the milky colour, but irregularly, the film being quite thick in some places, and not at all ap- -parent in others. The washed plate remained apparently unchanged. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B26_F10_p215.jpg) July 22 July 29. Took out 6 oz from the bath (precipitated the silver with salt added 6 oz water 6 dr. Nitrate of silver. August 1. Prepare two plates on the 28th July, both of which were partially successful! The new bath does wll. Mr L's mistake in naming the proportions as 1 whole drachm, instead of a half drachm Acetic acid to the ounce of water caused my former misfortunes. The reason these plates and four I prepared today were only partially successful is because I did not wash some enough, and some were over exposed. Still I have pictures! August 7. Mr L. wrote me a letter by the aid of wh. I altered the Bath, and obtained those partially suc- -cessful plates. But I lost the letter, when I had only given it a cursory perusal, and now I am at as great a loss as ever Four very carefully washed plates are com- -plete failures. Two were washed, and placed in a gallic acid solution with hard water. No results. The pictures did not come out at all. Supposing that an aceto-gallate of lime might have been formed, I developed one which had both washings in hard water, but the gallic acid solution was in soft water Now this has failed. I have two plates left. One has been 2 min ½ exposed, the other 4. They have had their first washing in ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B26_F10_p216.jpg) hard water, but the second, and the gallic acid shall be soft. I hope these failures are owing to the hard water. Should these fail, I have two more prepared, in which all the washings are soft. If they fail I don't know what can be wrong. It puzzles me more than ever that those of August 1st should be successful. They were so carelessly pre- -pared that I don't know whether hard or soft water was used. August 10. One of each of these above-mentioned plates I developed successfully! I think they want strength so I have put more Acetic acid in my bath. I am wild to try the effect, but I have overworked and Tom says, Rest! August 21. Tried four plates prepared after dark by candle-light thoroughly well washed, etc. Having used spring water once before with success in part of the washings, I used it altogether. No pictures came out at all. Next time endeavour to exclude candle-light, & use rain water entirely. Never say die! I have sent to Phila for fresh gallic acid. September 3rd The rain water gave me successful pictures. I now want to remove a silver deposit (metallic silver) of the cause of wh. I am uncertain. Turn to Page B ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B26_F10_p217.jpg) Mr L.'s Dry Plates "The albumenized plates are to be silvered. This bath is prepared by dissolving 30 gr Nitrate of silver (I have 40) in each oz of water for the Bath After this is dissolved by shaking, ½ drachm of acetic acid to the oz water is added, and well shaken together. The plates are immersed in this Bath with the same precautions as the Collodion plates require, viz: a slow but steady immersion and an up and down motion after they have been in the Bath a few seconds. The surface of the bath is also examined fre- -quently, and if foreign matter is observed to swim on top it is to be filtered or black spots might be the consequence. The plates remain in the bath about 2 minutes, somewhat less in warm weather, and longer in cold. They are then placed on blotting paper to drain for about 2 minutes and then well washed by pouring a gentle stream of water on them. Then they are placed again on fresh dry blotting paper, and left till dry. One night is sufficient, and they are fit to be used. They will keep very well, even if moderately ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B26_F10_p218.jpg) well washed for one week, and several weeks longer if perfectly well washed. After exposure they are placed in a solution of Iodide of Potassium — (a week solution of silver to which Iod. Potass. is added—) This however is not necessary, water answers nearly as well. After a good washing of front and back they are placed in a solution of gallic acid. Of this a small quantity is placed in half as much water as you intend to use, and after repeated shaking the solution is filtered and an equal bulk of water added. Enough of this to cover a negative is poured into a tray and about 30 drops of a weak silver solution added. 12 gr. Nitrate of silver to 1 oz water and ½ dr. Acetic acid. When the developement is completed it is treated exactly like a negative on wet Collodion. except that it does not require varnishing The strength of Hyposulphite of Soda is im- material 1 to 5 is very efficient. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B26_F10_p219.jpg) Toning solution for the Positive ½ gr. Chlor. Gold to 1 oz water, and two drops of Muriatic acid. Printing Positives 1. The best paper for this purpose is known in commerce by the name — Paper Saxe. 2. After cutting the paper to the proper size, and marking the best side, this side is floated on a solution in the proportions. Chloride of Ammonium 20 grains Iodide of Potassium ½ grain. 1 oz Soft Water, for two minutes each sheet, and hung up to dry. In this state the paper keeps any length of time. (Common salt and water may be used instead of this solution.) 3—Before printing the sheets are floated, with the prepared side down, for two minutes on a solution of Nitrate of Silver 90 Gr. 1 oz soft water 4 — After drying, the prepared side is laid next the prepared side of the plate and exposed to the light. 5. When upon examination the tone of the pic- ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B26_F10_p220.jpg) tures appears a few shades darker than the wished for tone of the print, it is removed in the dark, and immersed in water containing some little common salt. 6. From this it is removed into a solution of Hypo-sulphate of Soda 1 oz Soft water 5 oz into which a solution of Nitrate of Silver 15 gr Soft water ½ oz which has been poured in and well shaken 24 hours previously. In this the proofs remain one hour at least, or longer if much over-printed. After they have come up sufficiently, they are immersed in Hyposulphite of the same [-] strength but without the silver for 15 minutes. 7. They can now be washed with hot or cold water if with the former 4-6 times, if with the latter several hours. They are then hung up to dry. Drying them at a hot fire or smoothing with a hot flat iron improves the tone. 8 Mount them on card board using starch paste. When the paper is salted with common salt, do not use the Nitrate at all. Until the sweet taste leaves the proof. Albumenized paper has a little acetic acid in the silvering solution ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B26_F10_p221.jpg) Honey Collodion Plates. A solution of 1 part of honey to 1 of water is made, and filtered. After the plate has been coated with collodion, it is plunged in a water-bath for two minutes and then coated with the honey solution, just as it was with collodion It is then placed to drain. The time of taking exposure is from 45 seconds to 2 minutes. In developing they must again be immersed in water to dissolve out the honey. They are developed with Pyro gallic acid. NB Though albumenized plates should be washed after silvering, and also immersed either in water or weak iodide of silver before developing, it ruins collodion plates. These plates, if well washed will keep more than a week. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B26_F10_p222.jpg) Collodion plates. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B26_F10_p223.jpg) Copied from the "North British" for June 1857. "To thee, O dear, dear country! Mine eyes their vigils keep; For very love, beholding Thy happy name, they weep; The mention of thy glory Is unction to the breast, And medicine in sickness, And life, and love, and rest. O one! O only mansion! O Paradise of joy! Where tears are ever banished, And joys have no alloy; Beside thy living waters All plants are, great and small, The cedar of the forest, The hyssop of the wall. Thy ageless walls are bonded With amethyst unpriced, Thy saints build up the fabric, And the corner stone is Christ. Thou hast no shore, fair ocean! Thou hast no time, bright day! Dear fountain of refreshment To pilgrims far away. Upon the Rock of Ages [The following is written on right side of page] Note: Her diary says her husband did not like her reciting this "To Thee, o dear dear country" ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B26_F10_p224.jpg) They raise thy holy power; Thine is the victors laurel, And thine the golden dower. They stand, those halls of Syon, Conjubilant with song, And bright with many an angel, And many a martyr throng; The Prince is ever in them, The light is aye serene; The pastures of the blessed Are decked in glorious sheen. There is the throne of David, And there from toil released, The shout of them that triumph, The song of them that feast; And they, beneath their Leader, Who conquered in the fight, Forever and for ever Are clad in robes of white." ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B26_F10_p225.jpg) "Death and Life In wondrous strife, Came to conflict sharp and sore; Life's Monarch, He that died, now dies no more. What thou sawest, Mary, say, As thou wentest on thy way? "I saw the slain one's earthly prison; I saw the glory of the Risen, The witness-angels by the cave, And the garments of the grave. The Lord, my hope, hath risen, and he shall go before to Galilee." We know that Christ is risen indeed Thou victor Monarch for thy suppliants pleas ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B26_F10_p226.jpg) To enable the acid to take hold more readily. Either hard water or want of washing. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B26_F10_p227.jpg) B After the successful pictures I spoke of, I was un- -successful again, then again successful, then again, yesterday, the 12th Septr unsuccessful. I no- -tice that all my pictures even the best are strongest on one side where the albumen is thicker, and I fancy that the plates are grown too dry. There is scarcely a trace of picture on the other side, but a marked line very often separates the two. I hope that it will prove to have been partly the fault of my plates that I succeeded so ill: that the extreme dryness of the air here may have dried my plates too much. As my attempts at Teutonia were so bad I shall attempt it again, and carry the plates to Mr L. to be developed. Questions to ask him. Why is the immersion in weak iodide, not necessary. What is it for? What is the water for. What is the acetic acid in the bath for? " " " " " developing solution for? What caused my silver streaks. October 28. Langenheim says my plates were spoilt. Hurrah! ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B26_F10_p228.jpg) At first he told me that it was owing to the placing of the newly albumenized plates in new boxes the resinous exudation effecting a chemical change in the plates, and preventing the nitrate of silver from remaining on them. Just now he writes me — "I think I have discovered the reason your plates spoiled. It was the washing." I have not seen him to ask what this means. Wishing to take some pictures of Whitby, I obtained from Mr Langenheim four dry Collodion plates. The time of exposure, he wrote me, must be, if the day were fine and the object well illuminated, from 45 seconds to 1 minute, and if the day were cloudy, from 1 minute and a half, to 2 minutes. The first pictures, of Whitby house, barns, and trees round, took 50 seconds each. The last two of Whitby gable end, and an octagonal smoke house, were one 1 minute, and the other, 55 seconds. They were developed the same evening, being taken from the holders, and at once placed in a dilute solution of gallic acid, with a few drops of aceto-nitrate of silver solution. The two first developed very slowly, and have a very indistinct look. The sky of one has a large blank space on which there is no impression. The third looks the best though perhaps the contrasts ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B26_F10_p229.jpg) are too deep. It also has a spoilt place in the sky. The fourth would have been a very good one but that the light struck in, and spoiled half of it. I have not printed them yet. Mr L. explained — I think he is mistaken December 20th Such a long time since I have done any work at my photography! I have had some dis- -appointments, not from my fault fortunately. Mr L. showed me today how to take instantaneous collo- dion portraits, strengthening them afterwards. And also how to prepare Dry Collodion Plates. See Page. December 26th Yesterday I gave away 24 Photographs. 4 or 5 Dry Collodion, some wet collodion, some albumenized plates, and developed variously with Gallic acid, Pyro gallic acid, and Proto sulphate of iron, and fixed, some with Hypo sulphite of Soda, some with Cyanide of Potassium. I am going to try keeping a register. Mr Guillon presented me with some dry plates. On one I took a good picture. The rest spoiled by having attempted to develope with bad gallic acid purchased at Becker's. I must get it at John's ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B26_F10_p230.jpg) Subject Sort of Plate. Developer Fixer Whitby house & barn Mr L's Dry Collodion Gallic acid Hypo sulph soda " " " " Whitby house " Smokehouse " Butler Place My Dry Collodion " " Greenhouse " " " Bridge Fern Rock " " Cyanid of Potass. Hill view of House " " " Gate. " " " The house near new building Wet Collodion Prote sulphate of iron Cyanide of Potass ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B26_F10_p231.jpg) Time of Exposure Remarks. 50 sec Being distant subjects, time too long of Nos 1. & 2. No 3 Near view about 5 sec too short " No 4. just right in time. Mr L. let them grow a little too dry 1 min. before silvering, and consequently there were several clear 55 sec. places and in rather unfortunate places. 45" Very good time. These my first dry plates were a little too dry 1 min. Too short by " on the edges but made very tolerable pictures. 1.15 sec. These were all put in a tray which had been used for a 45 silvered paper solution, and though it had been rinsed, it 1 min. made an immediate deposition of silver, injuring all the plates. The bride was however quite a good picture. The time of it was good, and the deposit of silver injured only the lower part. It kept well, having been taken on Thursday, though I coated it on Monday. Mr L. only has tried two, and once three days. It was coated on the edge with albumen as my collodion tears easily. The others were not edged with albumen. I don't know what was the reason they were so very bad, whether they had too long or too short a time of exposure, or what, but they were extremely feeble. 9 seconds. On first pouring the developer over the picture show out at once. I poured the cyanide over immediately and a deposit of green crys- tals was the result. 8 seconds. Filtered the cyanide and washed the plate before pouring it on. The picture was now clean but feeble. Had it been a plate developed with pyro-gaillic acid I should have said the time of exposure was too long. I am unacquainted with proto-sulphate of iron, and must ascertain my time better. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B26_F10_p232.jpg) The foxes have [---] holes, the buds of air Their nests when day is done, the Son of Man Had nowhere but the Cross to lay his head T T. S. K Thomas ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B26_F7_p002.jpg) RHOADS & SONS, [Seal] LONDON Patent Memorandum Book, WITH METALLIC PENCIL ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B26_F7_p003.jpg) #310 165 Aut V. Re' Thursday May 29 31 Thursday June 2— 23 ” " 9 -8 " " 16– 30 " " 23- 11 30- 49 July 7 Monday May 23 Monday July 11 [written vertically along right margin downward] St Andrews 8th above Spruce E. D. Kane Diary when first married 1853. St Andrews 8th above Spruce [written vertically on center of the page towards top] Bessie D Kane Left Washington 5 o’clock A.M. in the Steamer Baltimore saw Johnny Kent and his party. Came up after a  while and addressed me as Mrs Kane. Mount Vernon from the [---] – Cars at Acqui[--] Creek ran over the tongue of land described by Dicke[---]. Fredericksburg Farmer's Hotel   [---] 10 Taylor’s coach. Virginia Road. Nottingham Mayfield – Doors always open, wood fire. Amt Betsy – adopted children. Kanes to wait – Mon Dinner – Drawing the Time. [---] [---] – Wash with C.T. [---] T[---] of the Blue Mountains. Negro   [---] – House Servants Field Hands 7800 acres [---] Jassamine Lilen. Evening servants in the morning. [---] Penelope Town Squirrel. [---] [---] Leave at 8 a.m. Go from Fredricksburg to Richmond. Poor Country. Sara Havey washing in the July Talk with C.T. Richmond - Exchange hotel - Capitol. [---] Saw Kents again Of the James River. Toms chili. Visit the C[---] R[---] right  Left [---] [---] [---] for Hickory Hill – meet friend of C. Gorman’s. Mrs W. Pike Aunt Mary. Sing[-] Mr Lee. Walk in the evening - spoke of [---]. Hen. Taylor. Orange Flowers. Breakfasts in  Virginia – Walk to the Quarters. Stay Party – The Chamber. Sunday Schools ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B26_F7_p004.jpg) Mosquito Sermon - Lee Carter - Talk with W- Jr- Morning at Hickory Hill. Farewells. Ride from there to Philadelphia. See the Capitol at W— Stopped six miles from B— Arrival at 3 a. m. 1st May Sunday. Waked at 12. Dined with the K. C. T went to church with me at St Stephens. Sang "Glory to thee"—Took walk. Sang in the evening Monday — Very busy, unpacked all my boxes but one, and wrote to Walter. Visits from the Pattersons and a Mrs Grund, Walked with the Judge and Cousin Pat. Read Elisha's book in the evening. Tuesday- very tired. Walked in the evening with Cousin Tom and stayed till about ten at the Kanes. Unpacked my books in the morning, and saw Mrs and Mr. Mis[-] and Mr Darrey & Lizzie Mitchell — Wednesday - Saw quite a number of people — Sixteen in all. Tom came home early to fix Tot and Walter’s room Thursday - heard that they were not coming. Tom promised to take me to bring Tot. Mr Greeley invites us to stay with him - Go to the widow's may party. Flowers presented me. Read Bleak House to Tom. Friday — Nothing during the day Evening went to the Dunlaps [-] tupid time — at night - I trust I may never forget it; Tom behaved so nobly. God bless him. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B26_F7_p005.jpg) Spent in seeing callers. Elisha returned home. Sunday May 8. Went to church in the morning with the Kanes. Tom went to the door with me. I have need of guidance from on high God give it me - Read the “Children of the Lord’s supper” to my darling husband in the afternoon who indeed fell asleep in the middle. We spent the evening at the other house singing hymns. Monday - Received a letter from Papa saying that Tot could not come. I feel hurt and so I see does Tom. but I hope the matter will be explained satisfactorily my darling promises to take me to New York tomorrow. May 10. Rose early. Poor Tom had been quite unwell in the night but the darling insisted on going, so off we started. We found that we would be too late for lunch at home so we dined at Taylor’s where we resolved never to go again. The time seemed so long till we reached 16th Street. Then I ran upstairs, surprising them all, and what a talk ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B26_F7_p006.jpg) we had! I found that I could urge them on, got Tot and Harry in the carriage, drove them down town, met Papa and obtained his permission for them to go with us. We had a storm as we returned, and were tired enough to go to bed at once. May 11 - Spent at home. Poor Tom had a bad headache and the girls were so late that he had to go off without his breakfast. He and I lay down in our own rooms after dinner, and slept till tea- time. The girls went to an academy exhibition. Pat took tea with us. May 12 - My birthday up early. Ran over and kissed the Kanes and when I returned found my darling with Lilies of the Valley and a dear kiss for me. God bless him, and make me a good wife to him. I hope this year will be passed more usefully than others, and that I may help to make people happy, Tom above all. Oh how I love him, the dear ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B26_F7_p007.jpg) noble fellow. I think I fall more in love with him every day. If he will only keep loving me, my own dear husband. - In the afternoon we took a long drive, passing one of the Penn’s old places, and crossing the Schuylkill drove a little way beyond Laurel Hill. I enjoyed the drive excessively. The roads were badly cut up, and Tom said that it was one of the best opportunities in the world for learning to drive, and that I was going to be a good driver, — I arranged with a Mr Simon to take German Lessons. We begin tomorrow — In the evening we went to the Mitchell’s and spent quite a pleasant evening. -May 13. Took my first German Lesson. He did not set a very hard one for me, and I concluded by thinking that I should find it quite an easy study. Sally Butler called. Then Cousin Tom came home to lie down before dinner, I asked him to tell me that I might read him to sleep after dinner. He refused laughingly, and I must needs be hurt without thinking of it. It cast a shadow over the day. We dined at the Kanes and after dinner Bess, Tom, and Tot began singing. It always makes me a little melancholy to hear them, and in my present mood made me quite sulky. So I went and sat by the window, and tried to scold myself back to cheerfulness I was just succeeding when ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B26_F7_p008.jpg) Tot noticed me and brought me over to the piano. This set me off again, and I rose when the time came for us to walk in a resigned bad humor. Tom followed me over, and took me into his room, made me sit on his knee, and petted me as if I had been good and some one had ill-treated me. So he put me in a good humor, and off I set with Harry. We went to see Mrs Mary Gray, and then to Fontaines the shoemaker’s. When I came home I went into Tom’s room, to wake him that he might dress. He made me sit down beside him as he lay on the bed and so I petted him, and repeated Tennyson, and the time passed so quickly that we were startled by the tea-bell at the other house. — Miss Maralester, Wm. Moss and Mrs Mitchell and Dr Cleker were over there. I think Tot was delighted with the Patter. One resolution a week. May 11, Judge Kane gave us a beautiful Family Bible, I took another German Lesson and changed my yesterday’s opinion Ach! What a horrid language. May 15. Tot and I went to church in the morning with the Kanes. In the afternoon I stayed at home thinking I would go to sleep read to Tom but he made me ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B26_F7_p009.jpg) go to sleep greatly against my will. Pat and Dr Mitchell came into tea, I was sorry for it as I don’t want com- -pany on Sundays. Monday May 15. The Judge’s fifty-eighth birthday. Tom and I returned two of our calls and in the evening we had all the Kanes, S Butler and two Mitchells. Tuesday May 16. A very hot day passed altogether in the house. We intended to sail on the Schuylkile but found it too rainy. “My Lord and God I may Turn from his heart away The world’s turmoil and lead him to my light Be it through sorrows nigh through rain or toil Thursday April 21st 1853 was my wedding day. It had rained hard the day before, when my cousin James Kent was married but it cleared off beautifully for me. Tot and I waked early, as might have been expected, and by six, the old lady was out walking. She had left a card pinned on the pincushion, with an encouraging text from the Bible. We had expected that I would feel dreadfully frightened, but I did not. I did not realise it I suppose. I was at prayers and breakfast for the last time, and then dressed and amused myself with not letting the hair-dresser know why I had my hair dressed. We were to be married at 12, About 10 a beautiful basket of flowers came for me from Dr Ruytern. About eleven I ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B26_F7_p010.jpg) peeped from the window and saw the Kanes gradually arrive. At 12. they all but Papa C. M. and I went off. Oh how handsome my lover, not my husband yet, looked, as I saw him going into the carriage. I wore my brown foulard travelling dress, but a white bridal bonnet showed who I was. We got into the carriage, and when we got to chuch, had to wait some time in the vestibule. Then Cousin Tom came in, and gave me his arm, and we went up the aisle followed by the officious sexton who would interfere with suggestions that we should walk slower, and that Cousin Tom should leave his hat behind Then came the ceremony which semed to be beautiful but which I have forgotten now. Only I remember my feeling when Tom grasped my hand, as we plighted our faith to each other, and his kiss at the end, the first my husband ever gave. Then I turned round. Nearly all the children were in tears, but every one pressed round and kissed me. Then Tom put me in the carriage and we drove home first. I felt so proud of him, and yet so shy, and I had so many feelings rushing over me at once ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B26_F7_p011.jpg) that I did not care to speak much. Whenever I looked at him, the sound of his “yes” seemed to ring in my ears, so low it was, yet so distinct and firm making me feel as if indeed he promised to take care of me and I could trust him so implicitly. The beautiful darling, how handsome he looked. — We reached home, and entered the drawing-room and he folded me in his arms and made me pray for God’s blessing on us both. Then I ran upstairs to change my bonnet. Tot came for me soon and we went down into the drawing-room where were cake and wine. Then the Kanes went away. Henry was baptised, and Tom and I drove off. We went first to see poor Elisha whose rheumatism had prevented him from being present, and I was introduced to Mrs Henry Grimmell, I was very glad that I went to see Elisha for he seemed so pleased to see us. Then we drove to the boat, Cousin Tom putting my wedding ring on my finger as we drove down Broadway. Johnny, Bessie Pat and Mrs K. went with us. New York never looked so beautiful to me, but once before, as the dear shore receded ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B26_F7_p012.jpg) from my view. About seven o’clock we reached Philadelphia. C.T. took me first to a church through which we wandered in the twilight, and then we turned towards my new home. He told me that I had married a poor man, and must expect to find but a shabby home, wooden chairs and Ingrain carpets in the only two furnished rooms. When we reached the house and entered the cheerfully looking hall, he said to me here is one room, darling, opening off the hall. He showed me into a dining room beautifully furnished, then into a drawing room whose gorgeousness took away my breath, then into two other pretty rooms, and finally into my own bedroom, which looked just like a fairy palase fit for the Sleeping Beauty with its rose colored hangings its statuettes and vases, and marqueterie furniture. When I had admired it sufficiently, we went over to the other house to take tea. Miss Mary Gray and Helen Patterson were there. The days until Monday after my wedding were passed ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B26_F7_p013.jpg) at home. At the time I thought myself happy, but looking back upon them, now, they seem miserable compared with my present happiness. On Monday we started for Washington which we reached in the evening. We stayed there one night and then started on the Virginia trip already described Tacetur 18th May Wednesday The day was not so warm as yesterday, but still quite a “screamer.” Tom and I had our only little dispute today. I wanted to read to him, while he went asleep and he refused to let me, so I threw down the book and left the room and he ran after me, and begged me to come back but I was cross to him and so we both went off in a fret, But the darling came and made up with me, making me feel ashamed. Drove with Sallie Butler to the Retreat. Called in the evening on the Dunlaps & Mitchells ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B26_F7_p014.jpg) Thursday 19 — The last day of my honey- -moon. Dear Tom, my love has gone on increasing for him, steadily, May it always do so. God bless him. We went to New York with Elisha this morning who sails on Tuesday Friday 20. Tom returned this afternoon Lizzie & Letitia Mitshell spent the evening with me. Satuday 21 Took my German lesson. Went to call on Mrs Rush. Walter came to take the girls home on Monday. Dr. Adamson dined with us. Spent the evening at the Kanes. Sunday 22. Tom had a fit of ague poor fellow. Walter and I went in the morning to Dr Ducachets. May 23 Monday. Today at 2 the girls Walter and Bess left me. I felt quite sick - In the evening read Bleak House to Tom in our own room. Tuesday <24> Commenced packing for my remove to the country. Expect Tom to go to New York tomorrow On monday Tom first occ[--]ed [---] [---] [---]. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B26_F7_p015.jpg) Sunday June 5 or [-] I find quite a long interval has elapsed since I wrote last. I have been too much occupied to think of writing. Elisha sailed, Tom was away in New York and Washington for a week. I moved out to Germantown where I now am and Bessie Kane returned from New York. I have been quite sick, and very unhappy because I knew that I was to become a mother. Full of fears and anxieties, quite forgetful of God, But last night in his mercy he sent me the remembrance of his word - Casting all your care upon him for he careth for you” and then I dreamed a happy pleasant dream about my baby. I am glad dear Cousin Tom is so pleased with the idea. I wish I could rid myself of the presentiment that I have always had that its life will be purchased with my death. If it be so I hope it will be a comfort to poor Cousin Tom. I went to church this morning. In the afternoon read In Memoriam to Cousin Tom, and in the early evening walked with him afterwards, hymns were sung till bed-time. Monday June 6th Went into town this morning to take my last German lesson for the present as it makes me very sick to go into town. Wrote to Papa. In the afternoon went greatly against my will to Fern Rock but as I had to go, made up my mind to try and make Lucy Croush’s time pass favor pleasantly. In the evening I did some little sewing, for Mrs K. and was coming down stairs in a complacent mood when Cousin Tom met me with a beetle which he said he would put on my neck ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B26_F7_p016.jpg) to make me conquer my cowardly fear. It was so different a reception from what I expected or hoped that I felt more frightened than usual at the beetle, and ran away upstairs, bolting the doors and here I now am. I don’t know what the end will be, but I feel hurt, though I suppose that I am in the wrong. At any rate I will just go to bed and say my prayers and hope that that will tranquille my feelings Of course it turned out so — Tom was so sweet and made me feel ashamed of myself. Tuesday - 7 Went-out to Fern Rock with Lucy Crouch. Dull day. Read A. Smith’s Poems. Wednesday 8 To my surprise and delight dear Papa came out to see me, dined with us here and then returned home. He thought me looking thin. - Tom was sick Thursday 9 Not very well — In the afternoon Johnny Bessie Lucy & I drove to the Wissahickon— Friday 10 Went into town to see about my preserves. Dear Tom is so careful of me — I wish I could sympathise more fully in his feelings about our baby, but I think I am learning — Saturday — 11th Took a most exquisite walk ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B26_F7_p017.jpg) with Cousin Tom, along School House Lane to the Wissahiccon and then across the Schuylkill at Manayunk and up its banks. We brought home moss for Fern Rock. I never saw anything more beautiful than the effect of the sunlight on the hills as the clouds broke away Sunday June 12 Went to the Episcopal church in the morning and was quite used up. Slept part of the afternoon and read Taylor’s Holy Dying. In the evening read the Bible and In Memoriam to Tom. He made me tell him why I did not want to have children; and he said ours would most probably be goodlooking and healthy, if I only took care of my own health and maintained my cheerfulness So I shall try, and see if my darling little baby will be strong. June 19 Dear me it is another Sunday, and I find that I have forgotten to write anything down. Nothing of any importance happened. Elisha’s vessel was spoken on the 15th having made very good Easting — I had one long drive with Cousin Tom who was so tired that I have resolved to give them up in future. On Friday we took tea at the Mitchell’s. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B26_F7_p018.jpg) On Saturday morning I went into town, and brought out different little ornaments and Elisha’s picture, got flowers, and Bess bought pink curtains which I made up and we nailed them up in Pat’s room making it look quite pretty — Aunt Eliza invited me to Roschel but I shall not go. Monday 27 A day said to be the hottest we have had all summer. I could do nothing with myself except take baths. Read Bleak House to Cousin Tom in the afternoon. Delightful letters from home. Tueasday 28 - Another hot day. They say the Rail Road will run right through Fern Rock completely destroying it as a dwelling place. I was twice there to day, first with Mrs K — and then with Tom. The last was a delightful drive, as drives with him always are. Wednesday 22 - Yesterday, two months I was married. Dreadfully hot day. Learnt my German lesson. Thursday 23 Resolved to leave off lying down so much and found myself much better, though the weather was dreadfully hot. Took tea with the ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B26_F7_p019.jpg) Dunlaps. As soon as we returned home came a dreadful thunder shower which however cooled the air. Friday 24 – Felt delightfully well. Walked down to the cars with dear Tom. Rode to Fern Rock. Went to meet Tom at the 12 o’clock cars but he was not there. Went to meet Bess. Went again to the 2 P.M. cars for Tom. met him. After dinner he and I drove to the Devil’s Pool A most delightful day had it not been clouded by dear Tom’s being over-fatigued, Saturday -25. Went into town. L.A. Crouch left us. — Packed. Sunday 26 - A very pleasant one Walked to church - How dearly I do love Tom! Monday 27 - Left early, Reached New Rochelle in the rain. They were delighted to meet us. Tuesday 28 Dear Tom evidently feels the weather’s influence Would to God that he were better, he does not find ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B26_F7_p020.jpg) himself well enough to leave Wednesday 29 Tom still sick - However he went to bathe with Millie and I afterwards went with the rest. I had a delightful bathe, but returned home quite blue. I went to inquire after Tom. he was alarmed about me, rubbed my limbs, made me lie down until dinner time, stretched himself upon me, saying I looked like a drowned person. - A very pleasant drive in the afternoon. Tom took us to some ice-cream place near the shore Thursday 29, 30 A dull hot day. In the evening we intended to drive but it rained too hard. Tom’s ague continuing 1st July Friday Tom went down to see them bathe, though I did not go in myself. I told Cousin M - about apollyon Saturday 2nd July. Papa utterly refuses to let Tot go back with us. Tom went up the river I believe — to see Horase Greeley, and quite enjoyed himself, a walk with Tot, Walter and Millie, and Tom and I cheered each other. Sunday 3rd July Tom and I accidentally hurt each other’s feelings about his going to church, but we made up, and went together, and walked together afterwards. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B26_F7_p021.jpg) Ah how sweet a Sunday it was I so seldom have the happiness of enjoying his dear society fully on Sundays. And to hear his voice singing as I sat in church. God bless him. I seem if possible to love him more every day. I wonder if my baby, his child can ever be so dear. It will be because it is his, if I do love it as much. Now I hope it will look like him, have his beautiful eyes, and more than all his noble nature. - We told each other of the faults we remembered in the past week and of our resolutions for the next. I intend to try and make the Kanes cheerful, and to do all is my power to make them happy. At night I bid Harry Helen Cousin M— and the babies goodbye Monday July 4, Breakfasted at half past five. Bade Tot Walter and Millie goodbye and started for New York, which we left at 8 for Philadelphia, as Papa bade us goodbye he slipped into Tom’s hands a paper with Mamma’s name on it, for baby. But Tom will name it after me. There were about five people in the cars. The Kanes were delighted to see us, and gave me a most affectionate welcome. Intended to have begun keeping my resolution by staying with the family in the afternoon, but miss[--] ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B26_F7_p022.jpg) Tom I stole upstairs and found him in sightless pain with ague. I knew I could soothe the darling to sleep, and perhaps that might dull the pain, so I sat drawing my fingers through his hair, he soon fell asleep with one arm thrown across my knee so that I could not move without waking him so I sat there patiently till tea-time, and when he waked was rewarded by his kisses and by hearing that he was better. I spent the evening in talking to Bessie. Tuesday July 5th Drove over to leave Bessie at the Mitchell’s. Called there. Tried to make myself useful to Mrs. Kane (I hear from Tom that she was pleased) Read to Tom in the afternoon, Mrs K, the Judge, and myself with Tom walked in the evening. Made a mat for Bess at her request. Also joined in begging that Bess might be allowed to spend a week with the Mitchells’ Wednesday July 6 Mr and Mrs Constable spent the day here. Tried to amuse them. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B26_F7_p023.jpg) Left Bess at Sallie’s to spend the day, and also called on the Cud- -waladers, Johny Grew sick, and before evening the Kanes were quite alarmed. Still Tom and I had a quiet little stroll in the woods, and he told me he loved me more every day. God bless him; he can’t love me more than I love him. Thursday July 7. Johnny grew better. Bess went away to the Mitchells I spent the day in reading to Johnny helping with the stocking learning my German etc. Walked first with the Judge, then with Tom. What a happy week it has been! Friday 8. Tom who has spent two days at home went to town. Walked to the cars with him. We sang the Stabat Mater, and the following, for me, which he taught me to pronounse. “Resordare Jesu pie Quod suna cause tula vie Ne me perdas ilia die, Quaeren, me sedisti lassur Redemish crusen passur Tantus Cabor non sit cassui.” —Helped Mrs Kane, read aloud to Miss Betsy, mended my dress and drew, before dinner ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B26_F7_p024.jpg) after dinner, walked with Tom, drove with him and Johnny to Kersheem Creek, which flows through a beautiful valley, whose first settlers were of the force Anabaptist Gid. Dear darling Tom! He sang after tea to me, and there knelt beside me, and talked to me, God bless him. Saturday July 9 Rode to Fern Rock. Mended Tom’s shirts - Read and walked Sunday July 10 Such a hot day in the morning that I could not go to church. Read to Tom, and told him of a dream I had had about baby. We talked some time about his. There was a thunder- -storm in the evening, one flash of which startled me a great deal. Monday July 11 Mrs Kane made me be still till dinner-time as I was a little unwell, so I studied my German, and read Bancroft’s United States and Benvenuto Cellini’s Life. Feeling well I rose and dressed for dinner, at which meal I felt a slight dumb pain. Mrs K. had to go into town but made me promise to lie on the sofa till she returned. I lay down and talked with Johnny and read ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B26_F7_p025.jpg) Bleak House to Tom. Bessie and Letitia Mitchell came to see us. Succeeded in concealing from them that I was ill. Afterwards Dr & Mrs Patterson during whose visit I felt worse and worse worse, and after they were gone went up to lie down. Tom undressed me laughing heartily at his feeling such intense pity for what I still persisted in denominating a “stomach ache.” When Mrs Kane came home she said, the Doctor must be sent for. I spent the night in great pain, only able to rest at all in Tom’s arms. Towards morning the morphia and camphor I had taken made me sick, which relieved me much, and I at length fell asleep, Dreamed I saw my baby looking most beautiful, and that its name was Hope Tuesday July 12. Awoke feeling perfectly well. Wrote to Tot informing her I had miscarried. Talked and read aloud in bed all day; talking and reading most when I felt most sad at losing my poor baby whom I had begun to love so much. Tom and I have this sorrow in common, and it draws us so near together. They buried it in the garden by the church- yard. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B26_F7_p026.jpg) Wednesday Morning July 13 Still feeling well. Lay in bed reading and sleeping Thursday July 14 Still well. Tom has brought me quantities of books. Dear fellow– Bess came home this evening. Letters from Papa and Walter Friday July 15. A note from Tot full of affection. She had written two letters but was afraid of sending them. — Still mending. Mrs Henry, a Germantown lady sent me a beautiful basket of flowers, and Sallie Butler another. Saturday July 16 Lizzy Mitchell came to see my bringing a beautiful bouquet of flowers Altogether a very happy week, but for the one loss, which has left me scarcely unhappy, but feeling so lovingly to all babies. I dream of them at night so often. — But I am thankful that this chance is given me of regaining my health and growing a strong woman. And if in the ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B26_F7_p027.jpg) course of years God should bless me with a living child I shall know how great a blessing he grants me, and thank Him for it. I know now how wicked my feelings were when I was told I should become a mother, and I humbly pray Him to forgive me, and to teach me how to be a good true wife to my noble generous husband, and to supply the place of his lost child, in his heart. He has never recalled by word or look to my mind what he must remember his repeated warning to me cautioning me not to feel so thanklessly lest God should take away the blessing from us. And he has been punished for my sin. God bless him, and reward him ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B26_F7_p028.jpg) for all his goodness to me Sunday July 17 One of those “foretastes of eternal Rest” that sometimes give me such happy hours. Tom and I read part of a capital essay of Foster’s on the “Aversion of Men of Taste to Evangelical Religion.” Then I read to him the “Keble” for the day, and we read some Chapters of the Bible. Then he went down and sang for me the “Dies irae, Dies illa” & “Recordare Jesu pie” and also another favorite Latin hymn of ours about Jerusalem This occupied us till the rest came home from church. Then the Judge gave me an abstract of the sermon he had heard. After dinner I read part of the Evening Service, and learned “How fresh O Lord!” and “The clouds that wrap the setting sun.” Then slept till tea-time after which I talked awhile with Tom Bess & Emma Dunglison and then Bess and Tom went down and sang all my favorite hymns, and so to bed. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B26_F7_p029.jpg) Monday July 18 Tom said I had been too much excited yesterday and begged me to be quieter. So until twelve o’clock I lay perfectly still, in a frame of mind enviable, on account of its self satisfaction. Then Dr Betton called and said I might get up, so I did and surprised Tom when he came home. Little Emma Danglison brought me home some candy, and Tom, a slate which I had asked for. I spent a very pleasant day. Tuesday July 19. I have a great mind to write an account of my family and myself. I hear people talking of the advantage of having some accord of their family, and old people are generally asked to write it. Now my father knows more about it than any one else. Why shouldn’t I find out about it from him before he grows old. And I’m sure my chil -dren ought to be interested in my life, so I have a great mind to write it. - Changed my mind. July 20 Worked at my German and then wrote a long letter to Papa about Tot. Read aloud to Tom also ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B26_F7_p030.jpg) Wednesday, July 20 Lizzie Mitchell came to spend the day. Tom gave me a writing lesson. Worked at my German from 20 min. to 11 until 10 min. to 12. Then I wrote a long long letter to Papa about Tot. Tom says it will make him angry but that it is true, and it is best to send it. So I went this evening. I worked at my night caps Thursday. Tom the dear one stayed at home today & yesterday. He gave me his whole attention, reading and talking to me. He bought me a set of hanging bookshelves that I wanted. I was carried down stairs for a little while in the evening. Friday July 22nd Worked at my German for 2 hours. Translated the two first verses of Schillers Alpine Hunter. Bess and little Emma went to spend the day with the Mitchells. I am going to try to be good very hard. I was carried downstairs to dinner and again to tea. The Judge came home quite sick. – I had the sweetest kindest letters from Papa. Tot may be here next Thursday ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B26_F7_p031.jpg) Saturday July 23 Found by accident the next number of Bleak House in a newspaper and enjoyed it to the extent of a headache Disagreeable day so I can’t go out driving. Was sick, but read aloud in the evening. Sunday July 24 Staid sickn bed till half past 5. Tom and I read together and so I had a happy Sunday then he took me out driving. Monday July 25 Down to breakfast for the first time. Worked two hours at my German. Read Bancroft. Did part of a cake d'oyley After dinner rode out with the Judge. A great thunderstorm came up in the night Tuesday July 26 Worked two hours at my German finishing beginning Hector’s Farewell. Worked at my d’oyley. Worked as my account Bro[-]. Took a delightful drive with Tom up to Chesnut hill. Johnny came home. Wednesday July 29 Price Wetherill’s funeral occurring today. Tom and the rest went in to attend it. Tom wandered away - to Willie’s grave I suppose poor fellow, and came home looking very tired — I had a long drive with Johnny to Jenkentown Studied two hours, finishing Hector’s Farewell and commencing the Hymn to Joy. Made Bess quite a pretty toilet stand. And tried in vain — to fix Tom’s shelves ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B26_F7_p032.jpg) Thursday July 28. Studied Commenced two waists to replace my corsets. - Sallie Butler and George Ingersole spent the morning. Walter and Tot arrived Lizzie Mitchell came to stay. The two Butler’s spent the evening - Yellow fever here. Friday, July 29. Studied two hours. Sewed, crochid etc. Mended or rather altered one of my collars very nicely. Bess and Lizzy went into town for the School Fete. Tot and I talked a good deal. Weir Mitchell spent the evening with us. Walter, Tot Lizzy & Pat went to the Butlers. Saturday July 30 Had no time to study, being occupied in storing raisins making sandwiches etc. for the Pic Nic party, which Tom had got up. Then went to the Devil’s Pool and enjoyed themselves very much. The party consisted of Pat Walter, Johnny & Johnny Green, Miss Dyer Bessie Kane, Sallie and Fanny Butler, Lizzy & Tot. — Tom had hoped to be at home at ½ past 12 to spend the day with me but could not get out poor fellow. This and some little things made me very ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B26_F7_p033.jpg) naughty in the evening. I was cross, and did not help to entertain the party when they returned. But I was sorry and ashamed, and prayed God to forgive me for being anything but cheerful and contented with my lot, and grateful for his exceeding mercies, and loving to all about me, both for their kindness and because it is his law - Love thy neighbor as thyself - God help me to remember it. I was, shame upon me, snappish to dear Tom when he would have kissed me. I begged his pardon, the only thing I could do. Sunday July 31 I prayed for a happy Sunday and so far - it is now noon - I have had a very pleasant one. Tom and I have been reading together. He has gone down stairs to sing now, and I have time to think over my last week’s conduct and make my good resolutions for this. - I find myself growing up so pettish - speaking rudely to dear kind Mrs Kane when she takes the trouble of watching over my health. When I do my duty, only to please Tom, I find myself quite forgetful of God. I have ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B26_F7_p034.jpg) neglected my prayers, or gabbled them over quickly especially in the morning. I have been quite unmindful of others, and dreadfully selfish, and conceited, and uncharitable May God forgive me and give me a clean heart and renew my spirit within me. May He teach me charity, unselfishness, kindness and love to others. And make my heart full of love and gratitude to him. May I try to forget myself except in correcting my faults , and to remember others, and on that I may be a true loving grateful wife to Tom God bless him! — I must try to be extremely neat about my person— I have made some improvement in that, and as my realm is only two rooms now, to begin the order of housekeeping by keeping them nice. I have made two or three efforts to emerge from my selfishness and do things for the family, but I have always been rewarded, so there’s no merit in that. Besides it was only doing a little piece of duty— After dinner wasted my time till evening. Then read Foster again Began a review of McCrie’s Life of Knox. Joined in the evening singing. Monday. August 1. This close hot weather has, I hear brought the fever further into the town. God keep it from advancing! Tom would certainly think it his duty to go and nurse the sick. What would be mine? Could I not help him a little in nursing and cheer him in his labor, or is it my duty to remain here. I am sure I ought to go wherever Tom does. — I hope poor Weir Mitchell will not be overtaken by the pestilence. He dissected some one who died of it Saturday. I studied my first hour at exercises early, reserving the other hour by Tom’s ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B26_F7_p035.jpg) request till later in the day. After dinner, I drove with Tom the Judge Bess and Johnny to Fern Rock I was dreadfully cross because they put foots in. — I studied a short time after tea. Tuesday August 2 Finished the Hymn to Joy. Tom gave me a copy book to write my translations in, so I think I shall re-translate what I have already done, especially - disgraceful confession as I have quite forgotten them. I read a great deal of Bleak House to Tom. Walked with George Inqu[--] finding him quite pleasant Wednesday August 3rd Studied two hours. Worked a little at my crochet. Read to Tom. Called on the Dunlop and Mitchells with Mr and Mrs Kane. Made Mrs Kane a wash cloth. Thursday August 4 Mended my muslins for the wash. Tom was at home both today and yesterday, and yet I managed to persevere in my two hours study. I am glad of this as it give me hope of persevering. Then I read Bleak House, finishing the Seventeenth number, and afterwards Tom said something that hurt my foolish feelings unintentionally. So I cried and my darling begged my pardon on his knees. Then we read Thackerays lecture on Sterne and Goldsmith and in the evening Tom and Tot saw a ghost. Friday August 5. The day passed much as usual. I studied and worked, and had a nice little walk with Tom. meeting Tot, Lizzy & Weir ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B26_F7_p036.jpg) Saturday August 5. A very busy day. We were preparing for our proposed expedition to Bedford Springs on Tuesday. I scarcely believe it will take place however. Tot and Bess were working at dresses, and after I had studied my two hours/re-trans -lating Die Theilung der Erde, and Ritter Toggenburg I sat partly with the girls, partly with Tom, and shortened two petticoats. Finished a novel I had been reading - Heir of Redcliffe. Some scenes quite powerful - as the cant of criticism hath it - but upon the whole it might have been boiled down, leaving very little jelly behind. Besides Gum is unnatural, a sort of prosaic Sintram, Little Amy, and Charlie better. Laura and Philip the most natural I had a delightful walk with Tom, through the woods. Sunday August 7. Not allowed to walk to church yet. I am quite glad of it, for I have so enjoyed these Sundays spent with dear Tom. He is coming to read with me after I finish this. Poor fellow he has a dread- -ful headache. I must try to make him pass a happy Sun- -day. May we both have it! Dear Tom! God grant we may both meet in heaven at the end of our roads. — I notice looking back through the week’s diary continued petulance and soreness on my points of ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B26_F7_p037.jpg) ridicule when laughed at. And oh, such selfishness. I do try to conquer it however. And now, this week to try for constant cheerfulness and un- -selfishniss. I do hope that our expedition may be beneficial to us all. It was settled to change the day for our trip; Lizzie Bessie Charlotte Pat and myself start on Thursday. Tom and the Judge on Monday afternoon, a happy Sunday I had. Monday August 8. Poor Tom sick in bed. I worked rather more than the two hours. Sallie Butler dined here, Behaved foolishly. Tuesday August 9. My darling’s fever ran very high in the night, and he was sick all day, Sewed a good deal but could not study. Wednesday August 10 Tom a little better. Finished my waist, waited on him read to him, and packed. Thursday August 11. We stayed in Germantown until half past ten, and I stayed as long as I could by dear Tom. I was quite surprised to find how very hard it was to part from him even for these few days, but whenever I found the tears rising in my eyes I kissed his dear hand till I could wink them away. God bless him, my darling! We left Philadelphia at a quarter past two I think, and as there was a burden – train before us, did not reach Harris- -burg till 9 P.M. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B26_F7_p038.jpg) The route lay through a most beautiful Country, through which I have never traveled We passed first Powelton and that mined graveyard where dear Tom and I used to drive and dreams of him kept me from blue-devils. After we passed Paoli station we had glimpses of a most beautiful valley, and range of hills. This, the great Chester County Valley is one of the sights of Pennsylvania We came out, by a sudden turn, just as the sun was sinking upon the Sus- -quehanna below Columbia. What a beautiful river it is! I must ask my darling what the Indian name means and all about it. Dear fellow how glad I shall be to see him — — Friday August 12 We arrived at Harrisburg so late that we went to bed imme- -diately after tea. On rising this morning we discovered that it was if possible a hotter day than yesterday. So we stayed in the hotel reading and lounging till one o-clock when we dined. At 3 we left for Newville in the cars. We passed Carlisle where Tom went to College, and to saw both the College and the Methodist church. How I longed to have had him to tell me about them. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B26_F7_p039.jpg) at Newville we entered the parlor of an inn, to wait there for the stages. The furniture consisted of the most resplendent Windsor chairs, painted green with splendid wreaths of flowers. A real Kidderminster adorned the floor. There were two tables, with a dusty Bible on one of them. The glass was festooned with blue and pink ribbons, and on the walls hung the Father of his country of course and a small tombstone. We found two rickety stages and set off at half past four. The eight mules proved to be light and a bittock, Through beautiful hills however so it was better than might have been expected. When we reached the house we were ushered into the smallest dine in the world each furnished with a double and a single bed, a washstand and two chairs. Lizzie was so exhausted that she went to bed at once. We went down stairs, and sat on the piazza, listening to Katy Darling etc - sung dreadfully I thought how Tom would have suffered! - I took a little walk with Harry Wharton, and so to bed. Saturday August 13 Rising at 6 we felt quite sick from the closeness of the rooms We found that Lizzie, Bessie, Pat and all the Dunlaps but two had been so pestered with gnats that they had not been able to sleep. At breakfast we found everyone looking so ragged! Wonderful to relate I was the only one twho looked fresh ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B26_F7_p040.jpg) Mr. Dunlap went to see if we could get away in the afternoon, but no! Twenty four hours notice must be given; so we leave on Monday morning. Could we have a carriage? “There was one beast, but no machines.” - During the morning we found one shady place in the woods where we sat. I read aloud alternately Little Pedlington and the Doubling Gap guide. “Hail Pedlingtonia! Hail, thou favored spot! What’s good is found in thee, what’s not is not! Peace crowns thy dwellings, health protects thy fields. And plenty all her cornicopia yields.” The resemblance is striking. The spring in our tale of health is exactly like the one at Pedlington. We read the confession of a Robber who had inhabited this place. Coming here the driver told us of him. “Quite a noted free-booter?” said Pat. “No Sir, he butchered no one, he was a robber.” I got on quite a good way in my crochet. The afternoon I spent in reading Uncle Tom’s Cabin aloud to Bessie. And I went to bed very early with a headache after a few minutes walk with the party, up the Gap. Bess, Charlotte and Lizzy took baths. I may see Tom on Monday. Oh how delightful that would be! ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B26_F7_p041.jpg) Sunday August 14. Rose at six, and spent half an hour before breakfast in the shade of the trees before the house I breakfasted, as I have done lately on bread and milk. Then we all sought cool places to wait in until the Church Service began at ten o’clock. I had such droll dreams. First, I was taken to serve three years on board a 74. My distress was great at having only one print dress, and fearing that my silks and bariges would all become tarry, until I was assured that three other young ladies had been pressed, and were to serve in pink muslins the last was that Tom was to leave me on some business he would not tell me about; for three years too. I longed so to speak to him, and once he began to tell me, but some one snatched him from me, and thenceforward he avoided me until I was quite heart- -broken. I find that on Monday I was pettish, because Sallie Butler hurt my feelings. The rest of the days I don’t think I was, but I fear it was only because no opportunity was given me. I wish I was less selfish! I hope I shall make Tom and the rest happier next week than I did last. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B26_F7_p042.jpg) We had the Presbyterian service and a sermon that recalled Foster’s Essay – to my mind. Oh how hot it is! This close little valley shut in by the Blue Mountains seems to simmer in the heat all day long. I am so glad Tom did not come! After dinner I slept, and re-packed. Then down to the spring where I drank another tumbler of sulphur water. In the evening we walked and sat on the piazza. There was a magnificent double rainbow Monday August 15 We rose at 5, breakfasted at 6, and starting by the stages were in Newville at ½ past 8. We reached Harrisburg at half past ten, but proposed that we should go on to Hollidaysburg, and as I had no real excuse to offer, I acquiesced with the best grace I could. But Mr and Mrs Dunlap said no, I was not strong enough to bear the journey, so Pat said at once that they would not go. However when we reached Holli- daysburg all Harrisburg all was changed again. Mrs Dunlap said that if I felt strong enough I could go, and I saw that every one was anxious to go. Thus the whole disagreeable of refusing to go was thrown upon me. I am sorry to write that I was pretty cross about it, for I felt tired and sick. Tot and all the rest were weary, and I thought it excessively foolish to go on. Besides it was so hard to give up seeing Tom after all ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B26_F7_p043.jpg) when a few hours would have brought us together. So I confess I was foolish enough to cry a little in my own room. Why can’t I live happy out of his sight! I am such a dreadful goose. We left Harrisburg at one o’clock, and reached the Mountin House Hollidaysburg at seven. We travelled on the new Central Rail Road along the Juniata. The road follows the windings of the river very closely so as to take advantage of the openings in the mountains through which the river passes. Soon after leaving Harrisburg it began to rain in fitful gusts. Then the sun would peep out for a while, and then fleecy clouds would roll down the hill sides and envelope us in mist. Sometimes there would be three successive ranges of hills wrapped in the mist, and I noticed in one place that the middle range looked much lighter than the others. (I must ask Tom about that, Bye the bye it will not be so beautiful when he comes.) There were high hills that looked as if they were crested with snow, while the Juniata reflected the darker sky, and the white foam of its little rapids looked beautiful. When we reached Hollidays- -burg we were three times as high above the sea as Harris- -burg. There were nice clean rooms, quite good fair, delicious air and clear pure water. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B26_F7_p044.jpg) Tuesday August 16 Took a delightful drive and saw the telegraph working. Our drive was along a plank road past the reservoir that feeds the Pennyslvania Canal It leads part of the way to Bedford. I saw Tom in the evening. Consequently all the events of the day were driven out of my head. Wednesday August 17 Started at eight o’clock on a 32 mile stage drive over a terrible road in a hard shower which lasted till 3. We then stopped, sick and tired, at a delightfully clean place and had a nice abundant dinner. Then Tom had hay put on the stage book and he and I rode there the rest of the evening. Oh it was a beautiful scene, especially as we neared Bedford and saw the moist wreaths on the mountains, looking as Ossian's shades of heroes did as they floated before Moma’s eyes. Bedford, a pretty quaint town as nesteled in among the Alleghanies, and a mile and a half, further on are the Springs. It is named after the Duke of Bedford who was in the ministry just before the Stamp act was passed, and who was grandfather to Lord John Russell Tom told me this and told me how Pittsburgh was named after William Pitt ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B26_F7_p045.jpg) Wilksbarre, after Wilkes and Colonel Barre, an Irish -man who defended the colonies in parliament. He bade me notice how Pennsylvannia counties were named after benefactors, and after England counties how sturdy the old state was, never currying favor with the Principalities and Powers, as Virginia did whose counties are named after royal governors, kings etc. Thursday, August 18 Drank a glass of Bedford water before rising. Wrote to Papa took a walk with Tom and then a delicious bath before dinner. After dinner worked. Poor Tot - “Trials must and will befall But with humble faith to see Love inscribed upon them all This is happiness to me. Trials make the promise sweet Trials give new strength to prayer Bring me to my Saviours feet Lay me low, and keep me there! Took a long walk in the morning. Bathed. After dinner took a drive. Had trouble in the evening Friday and Saturday August 19 and 20 Read and worked, drove, bathed and walked. On Saturday the drive was most beautiful, by Hickory Creek. Sunday August 21. Walked and read with Tom Did not feel as if I had spent a very profitable day. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B26_F7_p046.jpg) Monday August 22 The Dunlaps left us today. Tom and I had a delightful walk over the mountain. Mrs Kane hurt herself very much in the bath. Bathed before dinner. In the afternoon played Brownie in the girls’ room, read to Mrs Kane and knitted. I have finished one, and begun another, very pretty striped mat for Kelly’s birth- -day. The Rigolette I made at New Rochelle is for Harry. Its cost was $1.00 and the mats 31 1/6. Thus I have two pretty little presents without costing Tom much, and I shall deny myself something to make up for it. I think that doing without rides on horseback here, and at Germantown I can more than spare it. Tuesday August 23. Mrs Kane’s foot hurt her a good deal. Walked with Tom and read Shelley. Wrote home, The girls went out riding so I sat with Mrs Kane. Wednesday August 24 The Kane’s went away. Tom Bessie Charlotte, Pat and I took the Hickory Creek drive. Bathed. After dinner Tom and Tot went to sleep, and I darned his stockings Thursday August 25. Today was the anniversary of Millie Kane’s death. I had dreaded its effect upon poor Tom, but he bore it better ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B26_F7_p047.jpg) than I expected. Tot, H Wharton, Pat and I walked on Constitution Hill. [--]tt[-] after- -noon Tot packed, read and in the evening Tot Tom and I read talked together. Tom it seems thinks of making me a doctor if I grow strong. Heaven make me able to do my duty in whatever station I may be placed. Friday August 26 Tot Pat and Harry Wharton left us this morning for Hollidaysburg. I think that Tot is better in health since she came here; at least I am sure she will be better when she returns to New York than if she had stayed at New Rochelle. Tom and I started on a walk after breakfast up the mountain (Mills) at the back of the house. A brown setter chose to accom- -pany us and pointed at pheasants as we went along till he gradually grew so enthusiastic that he disappeared altogether. When we reached the top, we rested for a while and then began gathering moss, to put on baskets for that is one little price of economy. It helps out in bouquets so that a very few flowers make quite a show. We gathered beautiful “hair” moss from oaks, and from pines we gathered some white coral-like moss, and some “steer-cup” moss. I don’t know what else to call them. Coming down again we saw most exquisite views of the Cumberland Mountains. We were three hours and a half on our excursion, and I enjoyed it excessively. Then we bathed. At dinner the scene was forlorn. Not two dozen people there! Afterwards Tom went to sleep and I sat beside him and read a book by Miss ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B26_F7_p048.jpg) Kavanagh called Madeleine. It narrates the story of a poor peasant girl who by her own exertions established a hospital on Mont-le-Jean in Auvergne. It read me a good lesson on per- -severance and faith, and I’ll try not to forget it. Turning to Cellini Life the first paragraph that met my eye was so different! It coolly related how he had seduced a poor girl of 15, and after the birth of her child he would never see her agian, but took great credit to himself for allowing her a maintenance. What an extremely selfish, passionate bad genius he was! We have been reading Shelley’s sublime Prometheus. How strange that I should not have been allowed to read it hitherto. Saturday August 27 After breakfast Tom and I started on the longest walk I have yet had. It must have been four miles. I walked through one stream, which flowed through a most exquisite little valley lying among the mountains. It seemed to have been laid out by the most skilful of landscape gardeners, and so it was, for Nature herself had done it. We saw a Golden-rod and a Purple Aster growing close together making a magnificent contrast. After dinner read aloud to little George McLanahan and talked to Tom. Finished Cellini’s Life. I must try to write down something of it if I can, to remember the dates. I am so poor o hand at remembering them. He was born in the year 1500, at Florence In his youth he was most celebrated as a jeweller. We made a very celebrated button for Pope Clement VII to fasten his pontifical mantle, He employed him a great deal. Pope Paul hated him and imprisoned him unjustly in the Castle of Mangelo. however it served him right, for he deserved it for his murders. Afterwards he became a sculptor in the service of Francis the First and of Duke Cosins of Florence, his favorite work seems to have been a statue of Persons. He was married at 60, but he ought to have been married ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B26_F7_p049.jpg) long before, he had comitt committed several murders, and had a dreadful temper, and was possessed of the most overwelming conciet. In short I detest him altogether. Wrote to Mrs Kane in the evening Sunday August 28 An exquisite day, clear and cold. The thermometer on the warmest part of the piazza was 63 degrees only. I was too concerted this week, and must try to see my conduct as it really is. And I must be more cheerful outwardly, as Tom’s spirits seem to depend very much on mine, and I have a way of looking glum even when I don’t feel so, that depresses him. — We ascended Tussey’s Mountain and read the service there Monday August 29 Today there are only seven left, Tom myself Mr & Mrs Mc Lanahan and their child and two gentlemen. Tom and I rambled over Constitution Hill, reading Shelley. We leave Bedford tomorrow. The thermometer was at 42 1/2 higher up the valley there was frost. Tuesday August 30 We left Bedford Springs in the early morning with the greatest regret. Mr Mrs and Master George McLanahan were with us. The general impression left by the conversation, was — George — We alighted at Ramer’s tavern where we met the three Little Birds. After dinner the McL’s went on to Chambersburg, and as I felt very tired and sick with the jolting I lay down, until near tea-time when Tom and I took a stroll, and saw a beautiful view. At night we were bitten cruelly and on ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B26_F7_p050.jpg) Wednesday August 31st We resolved to keep to our old intention of going to to Chambersburg that day. We saw Bowles the stages agent and told him to see that we had back coats, and he said “oh yes, &c" - So Tom and I rode a little way with him, then jumped down and walked in the woods for about an hour and a half where I behaved like a coward being afraid of the rattlesnakes. We returned to the house, Tom spent he remainder of the morning in arguing in the bar room, and I in looking at some Littell’s Living Ages, that the Little Birds lent me. After dinner we had great difficulty in getting our seats in the stage and had to travel outside, which by the way is far the mills, We had a delightful drive over the beautiful Cove Mountain etc, and reached Chambersburg at 9 1/2 Thursday Septr 1— Mr and Mrs McLanahan called on us early, and then we got into a little carriage with two horses and bowled away. Tom and I drove alternately Soon one of the horses fell lame and we discovered that he had cast a shoe. So we stopped in Fayetteville and I saw a horse shod for the first time. Afterwards they went delightfully. By twelve we were so hungry and as we passed a ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B26_F7_p051.jpg) Camp Meeting and had a capital dinner in one of the tents. What a pretty scene it was. Through the trunks of the trees one saw the white tents, and the motley array of vehicles and the aminated crowd that strolled about waiting for the end of the intermission. Then we drove on for some time, and at last came on such fertile fields! Such wealth of corn and fruit! and a long brick building standing in the midst of its orchards proved to be the “nunnery.” It is very much changed from its pristine glory, for now there are only 19 people in it. — Tom went first and was scowled at, but when I came, they showed me into a nice clean airy room, where a pretty old Sister was pr sorting straw- -berry leaves for tea. She exhausted her stock of English in saying that it was a warm day, and them left the field to a still older Sister who there entered, and who talked English very well. The showed me over the house and where the spring was, and returning took me into an upper room large and airy where they have evening worship Tom joined us, and she showed us their beautiful ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B26_F7_p052.jpg) manuscript music, books, and sang some of their music. Four inscriptions were on the walls two and a half of which I copied and I tried to take notes of the conversation between her and Tom. I wrote it down in Tom’s book whence I must extract it some day. At ¼ past 4! They gave us a very nice tea — ham, roles, honey, apple butter etc, and then Tom and I went into the orchard and took apples to the spring and drank water, to the mill and got floury. The evening I spent talking to the old sisters, one of whom showed me a curious towel she had worked about a foot deep with a queer lace stitch, a very pretty one it was too. Tom was with the brothers at 8 o’clock every one went up into the upper room and sang, and prayed Tom says the singing was beautiful. They don’t pronounce the words but it sounds like instrument music. There are five parts the first is tenor I think, then counter tenor; then treble, then bass, then double-bass. — They gave us a nice clean little room together in the sisters’ part of the house. The property was valued at the last taxation at $78 000. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B26_F7_p053.jpg) In old times the women carded? flax, spun, wove their own linen, blankets, linsey woolsey, etc., and reaped in the fields. Now they are all too old and feeble. I asked the ages of some of them. 77, 72, 70 were very active for their age. An old blind sister took care of the cattle — They followed us about for salt. Sepr 2nd I wish I could write all about this place here, but I think I shall write my notes out in a separate book. - We were up before six, and when I came in at one door of the dining room, I saw two tables at one of which the men with Tom were seated he looking as superior as Juliet did over her companions — By the bye we were amused at the tent in the camp at our being so immediately detected as of a different grade from those around us. The girls who waited were perpetually apolo- -gising for the fare, to which we must be unacc- -ustomed. — To return, I sat down with the women, Snowberger read a chapter in the German Testament and then the meal began in perfect silence. Coffee was set before me. Three of the sisters noticing that I left it almost untouched came up after breakfast to apologise for not having ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B26_F7_p054.jpg) ascertained before breakfast what I would have prepared for me. As the sisters were all very busy preparing for their Sabbath, I took my book out into the cool hall and sat there reading it was one of the numbers of Harper’s Magazine, and an old sister had me a Lecture on the folly of such productions at about 1/2 past 8 the horses were harnessed and we bade farewell to these friendly people. Sister Susanna gave me these two little paper hearts as a souvenir and Sister Catherena Larventeo her inability to do the like We had hardly “driven a mile, a mile, a mile but barely three when the tongue of our wagon broke and we had some difficulty in reaching Chambersburg a good farmers wife gave us a quantity of ripe plums on the way. [--] We took tea at the McL’s house and afterwards walked out to see the graveyard I saw one little grave that made me feel very sad. It had on it - Our only child - We have no grave, but not the less do we grieve for our dream-child. I could not help crying, when I got to bed, and when Tom found the reason he almost cried himself, and said that he had thought he was ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B26_F7_p055.jpg) the only one who were remembered that. My poor child, as if its own Mother did not care for it. Saturday Septr 3rd Left Chambersburg at 1/2 past 8 Reached Carlisle in time to pay a visit to Mrs Cambell and to Tom’s old college. Reached Philadelphia late and found the Judge there expecting us. Tot still here having sprained her ankle, Mrs Kane’s hurt at Bedford continuing very bad also. Spent Sunday Sept. 4 at home, not very well. Monday Septr. 5th Went into town, and brought out my clothes. Found moths in all the furniture. Tuesday Septr. 6 The Dunlaps and a Miss Kuss[--] spent the day here. Busy cutting peaches etc. Wednesday and Thursday Both days wasted on Company my honeymoon over at last. Friday 9th In town at the Franklin Library Saturday 10th Rode to Laurel Hill with Tom. He wants Hamilton to draw it for him. I am sorry for it. Sunday 11 - I walked to church beyond the toll gate. Returning Tom came to meet me. dear fellow ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B26_F7_p056.jpg) Monday Tuesday Wednesday passed quietly away. Thursday I called on Mrs Nister and on Mrs Bitton and saw Tom Bitton’s beautiful library. Friday 16 – Tom went to town, I walked to the cars with him, darned my stockings and did different things of that sort. I was quite busy, pasting Elisha’s papers in a book, cutting out pieces in the Tribune, and sewing up my letters from home into a book. I went to meet Tom who brought me a report of the Female Medical College that I might read it. How I should like to be a physician if only to do good to the sick poor! Saturday 17 September The Dunlaps called bringing me a beautiful moss-basket of flowers. I wrote to Cousin Margaret and Tot. Went ot the Mitchell’s to tea. and saw the stars through a telescope. Tom asked me how I would like to adopt a child, but I would rather have one of my own, because I should have all the anxiety without the happiness. Sunday 18 My chief sin last week was a disgraceful fight with T.B. God forgive me who pretend to be a Christian and so forget myself. I pray him to watch over me this week and make me do right. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B26_F7_p057.jpg) Monday 19 Quite a good fire, at Mrs Dunlap’s in the evening Tuesday 20 Had a walk with Tom, and was quite busy. Consequently was glad when a regular storm of rain commenced, and very cross when I went to the Cadwalader’s. However I behaved well there. Wednesday 21 The fifth time that the day of the month has come round that gave me to my darling. God be thanked for the happy summer I have passed! Had a long walk with Tom, arranged fruit, and when evening came I behaved well every one told me. Thursday 22 Called on Mrs Fisher, and Mrs Henry. Wasn’t good to dear Mrs Kane Friday 23 In town. Saw the Horticultural Exhibition, the beautiful Lotus, the Spirito Santo and one other beauty. Was naughty about the Tolband’s funeral. Saturday 24. In the morning walked over to Butler Place. Came home and tried to do my duty to the ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B26_F7_p058.jpg) company. Finished my visit to Antietam Sunday September 25 I had a lesson last night that has made me thoughtful Dear kind Mrs Kane had spoken to Fanny, the servant I have engaged, and told her several things for me. She spoke of Tom’s sweet manner of speaking, but said I did not do so. I must try for better things Went to the Episcopal Church and had a very pleasant hour before service. Returning home expected to meet Tom but found that he had left the house five minutes before. I supposed he had gone to meet me, and started off all the way to the Toll-gate. Not meeting him I turned back, and saw him just issuing from the house in quest of me. He had gone into the woods to let their sure voices calm down his feelings which had been hurt to the quick by his father and mother about the school. I prayed, and with God’s help soothed him to cheerfulness again. There was something de- -lightful to me in my darling’s coming to me in his troubles, and ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B26_F7_p059.jpg) in my being able to com- -fort him. Monday Septr 26. We heard of the sale of Fern Rock. Poor Tom was distressed beyond measure. We spent a stupid evening at Mrs Cammacks and he was obliged to leave before supper. Coming home I found Pat and himself discuss -ing it. Tom was bothered also about the school which will depend more upon my exertions now, as, after what the Judge said Bessie ought not to go there again. List of books read this summer as far as I can recollect. Legend of the Rhine} Barry Lyndon 2 vols} Thackeray Goliah Gahagan} Bleak House 2 vols) Dickens Benvenuto Cellini’s Autobiography Goethe’s Autobiography Shelley’s Poems. Tennyson’s In Memoriam “ Princess Longfellow’s Poems Foster’s Essays Mary Barton ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B26_F7_p060.jpg) another little book will [-]ite. Sunday October 2nd Yesterday we paid our rent by dint of saving rigorously. I despatched two letters, one to Cousin Margaret and one to Papa begging them to come and stay with me. Then tidied our rooms, and arranged Tom's drawers; set to work crocheting Bessie's d'oyley while I learned, "We strew these opiate flowers, Then arranged flowers. Then added up my accounts. Tom came home I talked to him, read Barry Lyndon aloud. Dined. My cold being bad went to bed and slept till Tom brought me my tea. Mended three petticoats, a nightcap, cr[---] and learned "Oh follow, follow." should find it very painful to decide against him. I went into the garden to gather flowers for him, and when I reached his room found him sitting there. He had jumped down at Turnpike Bridge to come and consult with me. It was too hard for me to deny him. I made resolutions about saving and gave him leave to ask the price. It is useless to go into details. This is Friday the last of September. Whether Tom will [--]y [--]rn Rock I do not know ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B26_F7_p061.jpg) Tuesday Sep[-]r 27 Knowing Tom as well as I do, I easily gathered from various little signs that he was going to see about Fern Rock. So I asked him quite innocently what he was going to do. From his evasive answer I per- ceived that he did not want me to know. So I came back rather glad upon the whole that I should not have to decide upon what seemed to me an unwise purchase, but in which Tom's feelings were so much interested that I knew I ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B26_F7_p062.jpg) Table Cloth in Carlisle Top of light green merino, or cash sides this shape Round it was bound broad braid—silk—about ¾ of an inch wide, a narrower band passed over the side seams about a ¼ of an inch wide, and the points had at a little distance from the edge a very narrow braid. To the point of each piece was sewed a fancy bell button of a lilacish color. The side pieces were alternately — [Drawing of banners with the following labels: white, blue light, scarlet, dark green, orange, light green, white, blue light] on each was served a palm leaf on orange ground cut from some cashmere dressing gown pattern — The braid was black Tom promises to buy me at [---] a table with a broken top but handsome legs Then I shall make the [---] barrel of the same, and make curtains to the windows too. [---] for the Judge's study gold & brown, and blue [Drawing of a bell] ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B26_F7_p063.jpg) [Calculations appear on page] Stockings Petticoats Chemises Drawers Handkerchiefs Unders[---] [-]abetsheets Night Caps Memorandom—Widow Snowberger at the nunnery—(Schneberger The "Chunky Sister" Betse) age 72 Snowberger An old knitter Barbara aged 70 Information—Catharena Hock Born Decr 6-1776 Head Woman Susanna Goschet Property valued at 18,000$ last taxing Beautifully worked towel Betse Schneberger. One of the probationers who had been at Lancaster lately told me that there there were only seven old sisters, that the rules were almost forgotten except that they met every evening for worship and also that they kept the fortnightly meeting. The buildings are more than a hundred years old. The estate is farmed out to a family, and the sisters only get from it bread and wood ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B26_F7_p064.jpg) [---] [---] Key—Insurance—Hyd[---] accounts. Money [--]sk—unpacking, Rush—Cards—In memoriam write to Walting — Key & Plate Ba[---] Bandbox Bee about Ironing Bread Tickets—Buy Cake Ere Tickets— Omnibus Dinner Cabman Cab Cab Hire Totall [Calculations appear on page] When I go into Town Bobs for Rigolette 4½ yards There I go are 6 See about number of Finger Glasses about hanging bookshelves List of fine things 1 pair worked sleeves 1 habitshirt edged with lace Rest sleeves & habitshirt French sleeves " " [---]ton Collar Thursday August 18 Clothes Nightgowns 6 Caps 1 Handkercherks Clothes Bag 1 Collars 1 Handkerchiefs 5 Petticoats 2 Chemises 2 Waists 1 Undersleeves 2 Stockings 3 [---] 1 pair undersleeves & Collar 24 Shirts and Pocket Hdkfs 30 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B26_F9a_I10_p001.jpg) My own darling, I did not write last night, as I supposed I would have oceans of time today, but here is tea- time, and then we are off to church. On Friday evening Walter took me to the Opera. I was disappointed. None of the singers pleased me, and the Three Anabaptist's were so visibly inferior actors, and they all acted for the audience, and not for the spirit of the thing. The story is so slight that I was not interested in it, and there was no music that made me catch my ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B26_F9a_I10_p002.jpg) breath to listen, as there was in Lucrezia, my one previous opera here. The only thing I enjoyed was this. The scenery was beautiful. I would take one look to get a general impression of the look of things and then shut my eyes so that I could idealise the actors. Then the Anabaptists' chant impressed me, as I suppose it should. Something like the feeling you have when the spies are round the banquet hall in Lucrezia, and you hear the doomed revellers singing? One other thing I liked – The coronation anthem. But I daresay you are laughing at the idea of me, as a critic–of the "Prophet." ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B26_F9a_I10_p003.jpg) On Saturday morning, I minded baby. Walter left us, and sent word by Papa, that he had a kind letter from you, and bade me tell you, that he would have written, but did not know till Thursday, anything about going. –I spent my time on Saturday with Nell, gave her a talk on colours, and took her out with me, and made her observe the dresses in Broadway. I invested 75cts in a paint box, and we spent Saturday evening colouring prints for the children. Nell proved an apt scholar. From 1 A.M. till 7. baby kept us awake, first with teething ,and then with colic. I was quite knocked up in the morning, and so only went to church once, and slept the afternoon ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B26_F9a_I10_p004.jpg) through. Harry has been bright and well all day, and is now sleeping sweetly. I am looking horribly however, and I am sorry for it; as I must have my picture taken, I would like to look my best, instead of my worst, as I shall. Monday, Tuesday, Wednesday, Thursday, Friday! Dear darling, you'll come then. Oh, I long for you so! My own Tom, I must go now, If Harrie is not perfectly well, I'll tell you tomorrow morning, before I close this. I am the happiest, proudest wife in the world! You darling! Sunday Evening. Baby slept perfectly well & is bright & lively this morning. I am so glad! E. D. K. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B26_F9a_I11_p001.jpg) My own wifeé: I cannot let this go after all, without thanking you for your noble letter of the 31st:— which came at the right moment, and made my heart melt in tears. I will tell you of it when I come home, not having the way of putting such things upon paper. Can you postpone our departure from the mountains a few days more–to the 11th or 12th for instance? __ I do not know, but it seems to me we may find it convenient to take it leisurely: Suppose you shd. write to Mrs. Wilcox saying that we will leave at that or some other certain day, leaving un certain the time of our arrival at Williams= ville. I think I can mark you off a pleasant trip. Kiss Charlotte for me in reply—and the se[---]ing dear ones — and my beautiful little children. Coming Thursday night ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B26_F9a_I11_p002.jpg) Mrs. Tho L Kane ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B26_F9a_I11_p003.jpg) My own dearest one: I am again happy; at least thus far, that I can again write to you and hear from you when you write. Remember this and remember how much I shall be dependent upon your remembering it, if I am to be detained here longer than we expect. I ask but a line :-it seems to me that, in reality, I cannot give you, more than that. No new form of words is ingenious enough to express with any additional force the truth that we are blessed in so fully recognizing. If I aim to say with any additional emphasis corresponding to [---] of my [---]. with what true esteem with what warm friendship — with what passion I love and worship you, I do not feel that I add any thing in the least after I mark down your dear name or initials, and kiss them — (as I ever am constrained forth with to do. E. D. W. There it is. But you cannot see what I placed directly after it. High ho! We are indeed, a thousand miles apart. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B26_F9a_I12_p001.jpg) [first column] ? THE COURTS The Christiana Treason Trials. ELEVENTH DAY—DECEMBER 7. The case of Castner Hanway was resumed on Saturday morning, at 10 o’clock. We have, from day to day, record ed the attendance of large numbers of our citizens, anxious to hear the proceedings as they draw towards a close. The crowd at an early hour has hitherto been great; but it far outnumbered to-day, both in strength and earnestness, that of any preceding day. The people must have began to gather at 8 o'clock, as the gate at the foot of the stairway was surrounded by a dense mass long before 9 o’clock, almost precluding the possi- bility of working through it. If the cause were to continue another week, the ladies would have the room entirely to themselves, except the space occupied by the Judges, the jur rs, the officers, and perhaps the reporters. The latter, however, would be a matter of doubt, as the ladies are ex- ceedingly curious, and might feel a desire to see what the reporters are writing down, and thus prevent them from writing at all. A far greater number of ladies were present than on any previous day. They must be early risers, for which we commend them. Husbands and brothers have not complained of late breakfasts, we feel free to assert, since this cause has been on trial. After the Court room was filled to its capacity, there re- mained upon the outside, and in the passage ways, several hundred people, who were clamorous for admittance; but who, of course, could not be accommodated. The main door leading to the court room was partly closed, and an officer stationed at it to keep back the crowd. D. P. Brown jocularly observed to the Court, that he was afraid they were about to infringe the Constitution, by sitting with closed doors. Judge Grier laughingly replied, that they would keep one door open—pointing to it. When it was announced that the Court was ready for business, Mr. Brent said, that before the counsel proceeded with his remarks, he desired to say something in regard to a very important matter relating to a high officer of this court. It is a publication in the Pennsylvania Freeman, of Oct. 4th, of a circumstance which is calculated to prejudice the public mind. Jude Grier remarked, that the statement ot the facts in that paper was false, a characteristic feature of the paper, That their praise of a person was the highest vituperation, and their slander the greatest benefit. Any thing that ap- pears in that sheet may be taken as prima facie evidence of its falsity. The whole affair is a gross falsehood. [The Judge here related the facts of the matter charged.] Now, gentlemen, if you knew that paper as well as I do, you would not credit a word it contains. The matter was brought to my notice, and I immediately sent for the Mar shal, who told me the whole story. The Marshal replied, that perhaps it would be as well for him to re-state what Judge Grier had just stated. On the morning of the 27th day of November, (Thanksgiving day,) the Court having adjourned over that day, I visited the pri- son to look after and learn the condition of the United States prisoners. While engaged in that duty, I was requested to aid in putting up, and preparing for distribution amongst them, certain provisions sent to the prison for them by a ci izen of Philadelphia county, which I did, and was then invited to partake of the meal. I did so partake, and after- wards retired to the performance, of my other duties. And this is the amount of my offending. Mr. Brent then arose and said—Col. Kane informs me that he understood my remarks to relate to other persons than the officer, (theMarshal.) At his request I will state, that I did not intend my remarks to relate to any other per- son than the Marshal. Col. Kane was understood to reply—"Very well, Sir." The article in the Pennsylvania Freman states, that the Marshal dined with the prisoners (upon provisions sent them by Thos. L. Kane, Esq.) as an invited guest, together with other gentlemen, and drew invidious distinctions be- tween the donors of the provisions and one member of the Court. Mr. Lewis began his address to the jury, substantially as follows: When we look at the law in relation to treason, and the evidence adduced, we have no reason to be afraid of either the iife or liberty of the defendant. I cannot shut my eyes to the indefatigable efforts of the counsel for the United States. Nor can I shut my eyes to that appeal which cries for blood as patriotism. If I cannot find enough to justify a solicitance on my part, I still have cause enough to take some trouble. This, gentlemen, is an important case. The life of a hu- man being is involved. That of itself is an awful conside- ration. Though that life may have been through years of misery and crime, still the occasion is one of interest. But when, gentleman, that life is of a young man of fair prospects and pure heart, the importance is increased an hundred fold. The attempt is made here to brand his name with the infamy of treason. He is to be ranked with mis- creants who have raised the parricidal hand against their country. He is hunted down as a traitor to his native land. This prosecution seems to me to have commenced in a period of excitement—of public frenzy. Had a little time been given to inquire into thefacts, and who Hanway was, you would never have had the trouble of trying it. Had the mock hero of this trial been allowed to sink into his former insignificance, this duty would not have devolved upon you. An idea exists that, in the town of Strasburg, an unwholesome sentiment in relation to the Fugitive Slave Law prevails, and that the defendant is one of these per- sons. There is no suspicion in the evidence that the de- fendant belongs to any class who have arrayed themselves against the law, or that he cherishes opinions adverse to that law. He is an humble man, who pursued the even tenor of his way without mingling in the political struggles of the day. It seems that, owing to some partiality, or because the State of Maryland has such great interest in it, he is still to be pursued for this high crime of treason. Can it be that the State of Maryland has some sinister object in view? Can it be to terrify the people of Pennsylvania? Are we to be terrified into the promulgation of her views? Pennsyl- vania has stood firm before and since the adoption of the Constitution. She has stood by the compromises of that Constitution with unflinching resolution. In the preamble to the Constitution of this State there is an eloquent para- graph, written by a member of this bar, announcing the fact that this is a free State. There is nothing in natute that sanctions slavery. Penn- sylvania entertained a spirit of comity with the South, and was willing to assist her in everything just. The act of 1739 gave the South peculiar privileges in our State. It granted the South a privilege as sojourners—the privilege of bringing their slaves into this State for the period of six months, without their being liberated by this residence. The act of 1793 continued in operation until 1820. During tins period it was found great abuses were perpetrated on both sides of the line. False claims were made. The abuses were made manifest, and the law of 1820 was passed, which took away a part of the jurisdiction over fugitive slaves. This law continued in operation till 1826, when another was passed, which gave the slave holder a right to pursue his slave into free States, and which punished kidnappers. That law was passed at the instigation of Maryland. That law gave e tire satisfaction. A colored woman fled from that State, and had two children in this State. They were arrested here and taken to Maryland. The man who ar- reted them was himself arrested, and tried for kidnapping. The question was tried in York county, taken to the Su- preme Court of this State, when a special verdict was found, and it was then taken before the Supreme Court of the United States, and the law of 1826 pronounced unconstitu- tional. This kind spirit of comity existed between this State and the South. It has been here denominated unkind towards the South. I submit to you that Pennsylvania does not de serve the epithet of unkindness towards the South. We are entitled, in this State, to be considered as not occupy- ing a g ound by any means hostile to what the laws of Southern States pronounce property. This much it was proper to say. Now, gentlemen, hav- ing thus ascertained the position which Pennsylvania oc- cupies on the Slave question, we might go further, and see if the same spirit of comity exists in other States. The position which this State occupies is, to put no obstacle in the way of those who came here after their slave property, and to prevent the same persons from taking away vio lently the free colored persons residing within her limits. Has the defendant acted in any way other than as a citizen of this State should have acted, in relation to the Chris- tiana affair? Now, gentlemen, it is always to be observed, that this business of reclaiming fugitive slaves belongs properly to the South; and it is not to be expected that our citizens should interfere. The only thing that can be asked us in justice, is to keep our hands still, and not interfere with them in taking away fugitive slaves. Our United States Courts have no common law jurisdiction; and if the case has no penalty attached to it, it cannot be acted upon by this Court. No law that comes in conflict with the sentiments of both North and South can be enforced. You might fill your prisons with persons for refusing aid, and you never could make the respectable citizens take any part in the ar- rest of slaves. Southern gentlemen may have their slaves run away from them into this State or any other; thev may pursue them; but they cannot expect the people among whom the slaves conceal themselves to assist in their re- capture. The act of 1850 excuses them from any thing of the kind; while this is done, it allows to them free privileges, full scope, to take their slaves from the place where they may find them. The law of 1850 has two points—that no man be carried into slavery, if he be a freeman; and if he be a slave, that no obstruction be placed in the way of those who legal- ly claim the slave. Is there a single thing that can be attributed to the de- fendant, but what was in accordance with his Pennsylva- nia feelings and his Pennsylvania rights! Let us see to the matter; but before I do it, allow me to say, that no man la- ments the dreadful catastrophe which took place more than Castner Hanway. He deeply, sincerely regrets the lamen- table events by which a family was deprived of a father. Prior to this affair, nine months, a gross outrage was per- patrated in the same neighborhood. Mr. Chamberlain's rights of domicil were invaded; a man in his employ was violently, brutally taken away. The persons feeling their insecurity, it was natural for the white people in the neigh- borhood to see by what authority they came there to molest the peace of the place. I ask, was it not their right, as well as their duty, to inquire whether the party who surrounded Parker's house were the same as Perry Marsh's gang, who visited the place before in January, and violated their rights, and the law of 1850? They had a right to see to it. Was not the matter such as would have induced the suspicion that something was wrong? for why would Kline have been figuring in the place two days before, at the head of a party? It led to the inference that they had not come merely to take fugi- tive slaves, but to execute some nefarious designs. It had at least the o[-]or of kidnapping. Had the gentlemanly Marshal of this Court have gone there unarmed, he could have captured the four fugitive slaves without the least difficulty. Even had Kline have taken a carriage and went quietly to the business, he would have been successful without the shedding of a drop of blood. If notice was given, it was only given to the four slaves, and to none others. Elijah Lewis, as a citizen, as a man of humanity, deemed it his duty to see that the invaders were not kidnappers, as was represented to him, and took Han- way with him. Hanway would have been less than a man had he refused to accompany Lewis to the ground. I sub- mit to you, gentlemen, that the defendant going to the gound, as he did, was within the strict line of his duty. I would call your attention to his conduct while there. The complaint is, that he did not assist. He was not bound to assist, if I have read the law aright. He could have refused, and submitted to the penalty of the law; but that penalty is not treason. Combination must be proved, in order to make out treason. No combination has been shown. The imputation of such an idea is perfectly ab- surd. Here is a country 3000 miles from ocean to ocean, and 2000 from the St Lawrence to the Rio Grande, and a population of 26,000,000; and here in a little lane an army is raised to put down the Government of the United States; or, at all events, to make the Fugitive Slave Law a nullity. No other refutation need to be made, but to hold up to you the transaction itself. I will not ask you whether they combined to otherthrow the authority of the United States, but whether there was a combination at all for any pur- pose. What was it that Hanway said? Kline met him at the bars. The latter asked him to assist. He declined. This was the head and front of his offending. I now take the testimony of Kline. I asked him, in the name of the act of Congress, to assist me, when he refused. The defendant had nothing to do but to retire, which he did. Hanway ascertained that they were there to arrest fugitive blacks; he turned his horse and rode quietly away. There is nothing that im- plicates the defendant as to improper conduct. You heard what Kline said about the defendant telling the negroes something in a low voice. Kline could not hear on this stand without raising the voice high. Are you going to infer that the defendant used expres- sions to incite the blacks, when the words were not heard? They could not be given. The law will not allow a man to be convicted when there is no conceivable proof against him. May not the defendant have said to the negroes, these are officers of the United States, you had better retire, and be quiet? That, gentlemen, is the presumption of the law, You would not naturally suppose that the words used were inconsistent with the language which he did undoubtedly use—"Don't shoot, for God’s sake, don't shoot." What obligation was the defendant under to expose his body to the bullets of those infuriated negroes? There was but a small force against this large mob; and one of them an arrant coward, who, instead of relying on his game of flesh, resorted to his swiftness of foot—and worked out his own salvation with fear and trembling. If the defen- dant and Lewis had assisted, what would have been the issue? Why, there would have been more bloodshed. As soon as Kline gave the order to leave, he escaped. Had he behaved with the same courage as the gentlemen from Maryland, all would have worked better. He fled, gentle- men, and left the old man and his son, surrounded by 40 or 50 infuriated negroes. [second column] Lewis withdrew simply from the ground, and Hanway re- tired slowly, until he got to the creek, where he rested. I am now on the evidence of combination. They talked much of the blowing of horns. A horn was blown coming up, and another from the railroad, &c. The evidence as far as it goes, shows that about daylight, a horn was blown in the vicinity of the railroad, which proves that two horns were blown. They do not show that it was in concert with the persons at Parker’s as a signal to them. We show that it was a custom in those parts at particular hours to blow horns. I don't know that there is any thing, either in law or reason, to prevent the blowing of breakfast horns. Is there any evidence to show combination in that parti- cular? It is confined at last to a single horn: which has been proven to have been an innocent breakfast horn. They do not show that the horn blown outside was in answer to the one blown inside of the house, and hence there is no evidence of combination. There is no overt act proven on the part of Hanway. You must prove by two witnesses that the defendant was in combination with those who commit- ted the overt act. Now, where is there one word, or syl- lable, or action, to show an overt act on the part of Han- way? I have looked carefully over the evidence for it, but without success. The proof of innocence rebuts every theory of guilt Lewis declares that he came to the ground for an innocent and honorable purpose, to see whether the persons there had proper authority for the arrest of persons, and then turned away. Henry Burke corroborates him. Mr. Loug- head speaks of being in the clover field when he heard the report of the guns. Now this, you will recollect, was by the edge of the woods, where he saw a man come out of the lane leading a man, and setting him down by a tree, and then followed after Lewis and Loughead. Loughead cor- roborates Lewis on that point, which tends, very clearly, to show that the statement of Lewis is true, and that Kline is not merely mistaken. What does Hutchings say? He corroborates them both, and shows conclusively that Lewis had quietly retreated from the ground, directing his course to his own house. So with Hanway. This evidence not only contradicts the evi- dence of Kline in regard to this particular act, but shows the innocence of the defendant. Throw Kline out, and there will not be a shadow of guilt or even impropriety on the part of the defendant. Kline, feeling conscious that this bloodshed was caused by his cowardice, he in conse- quence framed a story to exculpate himself. Cowards are always liars. Kline is not supported in his evidence. Dr. Pearce does not support him; neither of the Gorsuches, Nelso, nor any of the re t. What does Pearce say? Notice, and you will perceive how inconsistent the two stories are. Pearce admits that Hanway was no longer at the bars; he had gone, Lewis had gone; Pearce does not say that Hanway and Lewis went away a few paces at the time of the first report of fire arms. So far from supporting Kline, he absolutely contradicts him. Kline's evidence is this (he read the evidence) all in one breath; from the time that Lewis and Hanway left the bars to the time of the firing, hardly a minute elapsed, when Dr. Pearce says that more than a quarter of an hour inter vened. He says that a party fired from the creek up the lane at him, when the lane was filled with negroes. If they had fired up the lane while Kline was there, as he testifies, they would have shot their own men. Dickinson Gorsuch says (he read the evidence) that when he got out of the long lane he met the Marshal. You will see that the evidence of Gorsuch comes in immediate conflict with Kline in refer- ference to the position which the latter occupied at that particular time. Mr. Hutchings also contradicts him. [He read the evi- dence here.] According to Kline's evidence, he ran out of the woods into the lane, and caught hold of Dickinson Gor- such, and led him into the woods. This witness says no such thing took place. Nelson also contradicts him—he says that he did not see Dickinson Gorsuch and Kline together until they came into the woods. Arnott says pretty much the same thing. That he first saw Dickinson Gorsuch at the mouth of the long lane, and he saw Kline have hold of him in the woods. Now this is the evidence of the prosecution itself, in conjunction with Nelson and Lewis, which goes to contradict Kline. He was not within, I'll venture to say, one hundred yards of him when the shots were fired. He undertakes to say what occurred at the end of the lane, when he was at too great a distance to see anything at that point. He told Burke and Loughead that he called his men away, and when he found that they would not mind him he came away and left them. He told Thompson and Lough- lin substantially the same thing. This may be considered a part of the res jesta. It is more reasonable to suppose that he told a truer story immediately after the transaction than at any other time. In addition to that, gentlemen, he has testified that Harvey Scott was there. He saw him in prison and at other places, and Scott's appearance being peculiar, he could easily identify him. If he was there, why was he kept back by the prosecution? Had they reason to believe that we were armed with wit- nesses to prove that he was not there? Why did they withhold him? I do not think that it is a part of the busi- ness of the U.S. officer to call his witnesses. They have no right to select and build up witnesses. Yet here we find a judicious selection of witnesses to support the cause of the United States. Harvey Scott, though he was a witness in chief, was not produced on the examination in chief. They deemed it a matter of expediency to withhold him for the rebuttal. I ask why it was? Had they reason to sup- pose we had evidence to contradict him? I repeat, you can't believe that Scott was within three miles of the scene where this lamentable tragedy occurred. Scott was produced merely to bolster up the character of Kline. He was asked but a single question, "were you there?" He testified twice that he was; and having been seen by one of the counsel on the other side, he is brought into Court. Having some little remains of conscience left, he honestly confessed that he was not there. This con- fused the United States counsel. If I understood the ar- gument of the other side, I think it was said that some con- nection of Mr. Hanway had been tampering with this last witness. I pronounce it an atrocious slander, and spit upon it, and trample upon it as such. There is nothing to show that my honest client was implicated in any such thing. It is a slander. The character of the evidence of the man was sufficient- ly strong to establish the reputation of Kline. To be sure, we produced some confirmatory and corroborative evi- dence, among whom was Judge Kelley. You may judge of this man's feats by the evidence produced. It is enough that we show in this case that there is not a material point testified to by Kline which is not contradicted by three witnesses. I, therefore, throw the testimony of Kline out of the question; I am warranted in it. The evidence of one of the witnesses might lead to a bad inference. Dr. Pearce said that the blacks seemed to be inspirited when Hanway made his appearance at the bars. The blacks, you will recollect, were running towards the house in all directions, across the fields, at the same time. Now, which was it, the sight of the blacks on the road, who could be seen from the house for three-quarters of a mile, or the appearance of a man who, for all the purposes of the case, was not connected with them by any sympa- thetic ties? He did not belong to any congregation or so- ciety which sympathized with, or assisted the blacks. Then, why should they become inspirited by his appear- ance at the bars? Shortly after Mr. Hanway came to the bars, they shouted and seemed inspirited, so says Dr. Pearce. Now, how definite is shortly? It gives us no better idea of the quantity of time than a lump of chalk does of size. The negroes were alone in the second story, and had a fair opportunity of perceiving their friends coming to their assistance. Now which caused the shout? Hanway was a stranger there; for he only came to the place in the April preceding; he was so great a stranger that he did not even know the locality of Parker's house. Hanway not only did nothing that was improper, but his conduct was that of a humane and high minded citizen; he went to the ground impelled by a spirit of humanity, and saved the life of one of the white men. What was the course of Hanway? It was in evidence that he left and went down half wau to the creek. Had he have gone away entirely, Dickenson and Joshua Gorsuch would probably not have been here to- day. Why did he stay there? It was that he might place himself in such a condition as to be of use to the retreating party. Dr. Pearce does not recollect much that took place upon the occasion, and Mr. Joshua Gorsuch does not distinctly recollect the discumstances, and I don't wonder that he should forget, because of the great injuries he received. Mr. Rodgers, though, went along with Hanway. Where was Hanway when they fired at Dr. Pearce? He was in close contact with the latter, who received a slight wound. Isaac Rodgers recollects that the defendant said "don't shoot," and Pearce says he saw him motion his hand back. He staid there to give succor to those who needed assist- ance. He is called the friend of the blacks—when in reali ty he was the friend of the whites. I am only sorry in this case to see that Dr Pearce is not sensitive of the obligations he is under to the defendant; and that they had to be wrung from him here. It does ap- pear that Mr Hanway was noth ng more than a spectator; and I ask you, must every spectator of outrages be arraign- ed for treason? Let this doctrine be promulgated, that a man cannot do an act of humanity without peril to himself, and what wil be the consequence? Every white man will escape from a scene of this kind as quietly as possible, or rather will keep away from it. Like in Spain, when a man is murdered, all persons immediately fly, lest they may be accused. If they insist upon the prosecution of men under these circumstances, then no assistance will be tendered, gen- tlemen from the South, when in pursuit of slaves. If in- nocent men in the country are to be prosecuted in these outrages, what will be the consequence? I understand, in the argument of my learned friend on Friday, an attempt was made to impeach the veracity of Lewis' evidence. It is enough for me to say, that his testimony is corroborated by every witness with the exception of Kline. Kline tells all in one breath; and we would suppose, there- fore, that there could not have been time between the first and the last firing to walk a distane of 500 yards. Why, a person might narrate events in the history of this country, from its settlement down, in the same breath, and we would infer that all these things occurred a few minutes. I have now shown, at a greater length than I contempla ed, that there is certainly, according to the evidence, not even impro- priety proved in the conduct of the defendant. There is no man who would not have been acted upon by the same feel- ings of humanity. If they had ever shown impropriety, it would not be sufficient for the position assumed, that it must be treason. They may have violated the law, in resisting the arrest of a fugitive slave, in not obeying the Deputy Marshal of Commissioner Ingraham. The treason consists in levying war, and not in resisting the fugitive slave law. Now. I defy the United States to point to an instance going to show that he ever uttered a sentence that he was not favorable to this fugitive slave act. I want to know if a disproval of a law of the United States is to be denominated treason? I hold that a citizen may have his opinion of the law—and even write his opinion of the law—and not be guilty of treason. We are not trying here whether this defendant is favorable or not to the Fugitive Slave Law—it is trying itself. My apprehension is, that the South will be more displeased with it than the North. It takes those who have tasted freedom awhile into slavery, to become among their brethren Apostles of Liberty. I speak now for my client, that he is not opposed to any aw. He has never advised any one to oppose the Fugitive Slave Law; and, if it were ne cessary to rely upon this point, I would occupy it with confidence. I have not gone as far into the evidence as I would have done under other circumstances. I have never before felt my voice fail me so while addressing the Court and jury. I now allude to the opening remarks of the gentlemen en- listed in the cause of the United States, who seemed to say that, if some person was not convicted, it would en0 danger the stability of the Union. The stability of the Union, thank God, does not depend upon this or any other trial—nor a thousand such trials. No, it is founded on a surer basis—the affections of the people. Talking about the danger of the Union, is far more treasonable than any- thing that has or can be done by any such person as Cast- ner Hanway, either politically or civilly. I have examined the law, may it please the Court, in re- lation to the different adjudications in trials of the kind; but my strength has so failed me that I cannot proceed, and shall leave the further enforcement of the law in the case upon my learned colleague, (J. M. Read.) Mr. Brent said he would like to have the benefit of hear- ing the law of the defence. Mr. Lewis said that he had committed to paper his law points, which the gentleman could read in a quarter of an hour. Judge Grier said that they could proceed in the regular course, as the two additional speakers had concluded. Mr. Brent said—he had hoped htat he would not have been precipitated in his argument before Monday, as he was suffering from a sore throat; but he would ask no in- dulgence. J. M. Read said—he certainly would not ask the gentle- man to proceed under such disadvantages. Judge Grier also intimated the same thing. Mr. Brent preferred going on now, and proceeded. ATTORNEY GENERAL BRENT'S SPEECH. Mr. Brent, Attorney General of Maryland, said: May it please the Court and gentlemen of the jury. If a stranger, unacquainted with the facts of this case, had come into Court, he would have supposed that the State of Maryland was upon her trial, and that Castner Hanway was here for glorification and exaltation. How does Castner Hanway really stand here? He stands arraigned for the heinous of- fence of treason against his country. Did the State of Maryland send any person to the Grand Jury to induce them to find a true bill? It had been done by the constituted authorities of the land and the consciences of the Grand Jury. There has been an allusion made to my appear- ance here, in the public prints. I will speak of myself, which it is not my custom to do. [He then explained how he came to take part in the prosecution of this cause.] This is the second case of the kind in this State where death has ensued. The first was that of young Kennedy, who, while seeking his property, was killed at a door in Carlisle. Maryland has sent her representative to assist our greater sister in the prosecution for justice, at the instance of the General Government. There have been public meetings held through the length and breadth of Maryland, declaring it unsafe for a native of our State to come here in pursuit of his property. It has been stated htat I have sought to supersede the learned gentlemen who represent Pennsylvania. There was a little difficulty of etiquette between my learned friend and myself, which, I am happy to say, was amicably adjusted on my arrival here. Nei- ther my friend nor myself are the representative of a State, but of the United States. Would it satisfy the public sentiment of Maryland to see in the public prints that the prisoner was, without having had a representative here to assure them that the trial was a fair one, ac- quitted? No. They wanted a representative of their own. What does the State of Maryland care for the individual destiny of that man? She does not thirst for the blood of an innocent man. Such imputations on our State I pro- nounce libellous. I hold her escutcheon aloft. She desires justice to the name of the dead, and protection to others in the future. I did not suppose that the appearance of our State, by counsel, would be met by insult and imputations. It is necessary, for peace and security, that a meritorious defence should be made. Is there not impartiality enough among the jurors to shield the defendany from injustice? It is the part of a skilful, ingenious counsel, to raise up these prejudices in the minds of jurors. Suppose not that the State of Maryland could sully herself by coming here for the blood of an innocent man. Suppose he is gui ty? Strip- ping it of all these extraneous considerations, you are here, before the heart searching God, to say whether Castner Hanway be guilty or not. Allow me, before going into the law of the case, to de- pict the condition of the South. The taint of slavery, if it is a taint, is upon the escutcheon of all the original thirteen States. The act of 1798 was the foundation of slavery, as it existed in this State. The South is not able, I saw, because of the great number of slaves within her borders, to emancipate them. There could be no practical or social amalgamation between the whites and them. Neither have we the wealth to export them to their native Africa. Do you expect to force us to liberate these people, who are as numerous in our State as the whites, to act upon society? You would not permit them to invade your borders. Tell the South, in the name of God, how the evil can be remedied. We cannot emancipate; we cannot export them; for where are the treasure and the means to come from? You people of the North have no right to tell us to emancipate them. you have pledged your honor to see that the South have their just rights and are protected in them. You adopted the Constitution by compromise, by mutual concession. There were many things which the South did not like in the Constitution; many things which the North did not like. We settled all our difficulties upon the altar of patriotism. What were the stipulations of the South? That they would abolish the slave trade, which they relig ously observed. what was your stipulation? That the master should have his slave when the latter seeks refuge in a Northern State. I will show you, presently, by a decision of the Supreme Court of the United States that the Union never could have been formed without the adoption of that fundamental article—the surrender of fugitive slaves to claimants. So much for the moral obligation. These doctrines are preach- ed by persons who acknowledge a higher law. I am glad to say, the majority of the people have a right sentiment in relation to the fugitive slave law. If a private man can overthrow the law and the Constitution, then where is our security? The seeds of this bloodshed have been sown by such people, and may, at some future day, create civil war. If such people want to preach conscience above the law, et them do it in other lands. Judge Story said that fugitives from justice should be surrendered upon claim being made. that is the Con- stitution, the organic law of the country, which rides over the law of Congress, and on whcih the South reposes, re- lying on the justice of the North. What obligation has the government assumed? Is it, as Mr. Lewis says, that the southern master is to come here and obtain his slave without the assistance of persons in the North? The words in the Constitution are, "deliver up." Who shall [third column] deliver him? Why, the people of Pennsylvania. They are bound to deliver the slave up to the claimant. I merely refer to this clause in the Constitution, to show that it binds the people of the North to perform some active duty, and not to remain passive. [He read the de- cision of Judge Story.] That was the first great com- promise. I ask you to point out where the South has failed to perform the obligations of the Constitution? The State of Maryland, then comes here with a clean breast. She came into the confederation and has religious- ly kept her promise. The State of Maryland does desire that while this Union shall last, she shall be permitted to come into this State after her property, and not be butcher- ed. It is my opinion that the great majority of your people are in sentiment sound in regard to this great question. The question is practical. What consolation is it to the South to know that you feel right, but do not act right? Put down this miserable faction who unsheaths the sword of civil war to devastate our land, though they be in the minority. The gentleman said that it was against our policy to permit propagandists to come into the South. The dif- ficulty which we of the South have to capture our slaves has retarded emancipation. This encouragement to fugi- tive slaves has retrograded the public opinion and reversed the order of things. Who have the slaves to thank but their wicked advisers? As Gen Jackson was wont to say, "Only take care of my friends, and I can take care of my enemies." Now as to the dangers of the Union. I have no authority from the State of Maryland to speak on so grave a quest- tion. I do not believe that the events of a single day, the events of a week, or a month, will sever the Union; but dis- cord, one by one, will gradually weaken our great alliance and eventually sever it. General Washington warned us of this in his farewell address. It has been even carried into matters of religionl for a line has been drawn between the church of the North and the south. I am glad to say that a kindly feeling has always existed between the two States of Pennsylvania and Maryland, and I defy you to show me when a citizen of the North has not been hospita- bly treated by the people of Maryland. I pass now from that subject. You are bound to the great contract by honor to observe the Constitution. Without that we would never have had a star-spangled banner to float over every wave, nor a beacon-light on every moun- tain top to show the way of liberty to the rest of mankind. What is the duty of the general government? It is to en- force the laws of the Union. It is the solmen obligation of that general government to see every law executed; and if they do not, they are recreant to their duty. Congress has a complete and final jurisdiction, and no State can oppose it. If, therefore, Congress has said that a citizen of the South can come into the North and get his slave, and the North is to deliver up such a fugitive, the man who does not assist when called upon is a disloyal citizen. The Legis- lature of your State cannot absolve a man from acting his part in the furtherance of the Constitution. I offer this in view of the testimony of a man who was called to the stand to prove that the defendant was a loyal citizen, who pro claimed from that stand that he reserved a right—a right— to disobey the laws of Congress and the Constitution of the United States. I say that the general g vernment has a right to summon that man as one of a posse comitatus to assist in the execution of the lwas. Let me read you the act of Congress on the subject. [He read the Compromise Act] It gives the Commissioner the power to delegate to any person he chooses the power and the majesty of the U. S. Government. From what point do the gentlemen take their course, and direct their longitude? By a di- rect violation of the act of Congress; for it says that a bystander, upon being asked, must assist. It takes from him, by a refusal, the reputation of being a good citizen. How do the defence get out of this? Why, they say the law don't inflict a penalty. Congress never supposed that a Hanway and a Lewis would refuse to assist in executing the process of the General Government in one year after the passage of that act. What is the excuse? Conscience is an excuse for an American citizen to disobey the laws! If an unjust or a wicked law is passed, there is but one re- medy—to change it by a majority of the people, who make the laws. If this paramount doctrine of conscience is re- ceived, what will be the result? The United States will not be able to execute civil process without an army to sustain her officers. This man did not stand by, merely passive. I would have thought more of the defendany and Elijah Lewis if they had put on their armor and marched on with the colored persons. They would then have been heroes in their way, though attempting to nullify the act of the go vernment. A man who would incited them with speeched and by gesture. has done worse—he has become meanly a con- spirator. I shall argue, in the first instance, that it cannot be presumed that the United States could bring direct evi- dence from an infected neighborhood. It is not to be ex- pected that we can find, in that horde, one voluntary wit- ness. Because none have witnessed their congregations, can we not prove a treasonable combination? If you see a swollen stream, running from the mountain, leaping along as if a deluge was pouring its waters along its channel, do you not know that at its source the snows have melted, and the rains have descended? How, then, can you mis- take the cause which impelled those infuriated blacks to their acts of violence and bloodshed? [Three o'clock having arrived, Mr. Brent closed. He will resume his argument this morning.] ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B26_F9a_I1_p001.jpg) [left column] Septr 4 8 4 11 8 12 ½ 18 8 14 25 8 11 [right column] Baby's weight Books 3 lbs 10oz & ½ Clothes and scale dish Subtract. 3 - 13. ½ Baby weighed 4 January lb oz 13 12 10 8 ½ 3.13 ½ 6 lbs 11 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B26_F9a_I2_p001.jpg) Read at Elk Co Harper's and Putnam's Magazines 5 Numbers of Lardner's Museum 1st Vol Lamartine's Restoration Fowler on Hereditary Descent Elements of Botany Memorials of his time Cockburn Peasant Boy Philosopher Kingsleys Heroes Ossian Midsummer Night's Dream Taming of the Shrew Wonders of Science. Kossuth and His Generals Sears' Bible Illustrations Ins and Outs of Paris De Marguerittes Conde's Hist. Arabs in Spain 1st vol Lives of Queens of England – Doran 1st vol. Merchant of Venice. Greater part of Tucker's Midwifery ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B26_F9a_I3_p001.jpg) It is late, sweetheart, and I know I ought to go to bed, but I must bid you, Goodnight. Besides, it is almost as if I had been able to tell you of all the day's events, and I shall sleep the sounder. — The morning was rainy, so I did not go out. I wrote a note to Tot, and gave the rest of the day to C.M. After lunch – by the bye, I have a fine appetite, I am glad to say, — a carriage came to the door, and I accompanied C.M to see the pictures. We only saw four, of which I can tell you nothing. They may be fine, but they did not interest me. — When Papa came home Cousin M and he came up to see the baby, and embarrassed me very much by putting a cloak on her. I didn't know what to say, for I know you don't want me to take presents from Papa. I said all I could, but he seemed so hurt — now, are you hurt, Tom? Because, I am between two fires; I hate to hurt either's feelings, and I fear, I've done both. That hateful picture of mine! ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B26_F9a_I3_p002.jpg) I meant to tell you about Thackeray's glorious lecture (Times of George The Third) but I won't spoil it for you, and I'll be a good child and go to bed, so as to be fresh for my sittings tomorrow. My darling! I love you so! God bless you, and Goodnight. Your birdie has a cold, but I think will soon be over it. She is delighted with the children and has laughed more than she has done in all the days of her life put together, since she same here. – My Tom! Bessie Thursday Night 11 P.M. Oh, I had a letter from you. Ah pet, you are working, with a blinding headache. That's wrong dearest. Please don't! ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B26_F9a_I4_p001.jpg) West Grave Chester C[--]y July 6th '54 My dear Mrs Kane I have not been unmindful of your generous kindness in sending me a note through Mrs Heald in March, & in my heart I have thanked Mr Kane for his letters to persons in Washington. I had intended to call in my return to Phila & thank you in persons, & tell you of my "success" & of some of the interesting incidents of my visit to Baltimore, etc, but many duties & occupations prevented. The evening I spent in your happy home is a very pleasant remembrance to me. I look forward with pleasure to the time when we shall meet again. I am now in my childhood's home- a home deep in the quiet of the country, & still blessed with the presence of Father, mother, & broth -er. Here I spend a part of every day in study & enjoy the summer beauty & re– pose as those only can enjoy them who have grown weary of crowds & of cities. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B26_F9a_I4_p002.jpg) I wonder if you are still in the city & whether you continue your studies? I am often thankful that I followed the impulse which prompted me to engage in the study of medicine. So far, health & spirit I feel a gainer, & the hope that thereby my life may be made more useful is very comfortable. Bessie, "darling," I feel like writing thee a letter, & that too in the quaker language - the thee & thou of my childhood. Often since we partd my heart has gone to thee in love— but, I only commenced to express my grateful appreciation of your kindness, & trusting that peace & the purest blessings may rest with thee & thine I am truly thy friend Ann Preston Mrs Kane. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B26_F9a_I5_p001.jpg) Ephesians VI 10 to 19 verse II Timothy II Hebrews XII 1 to 8 & 11 to 16 Romans XIV Lamentations III 28 to 37 Isaiah LIII Psalms CXXI ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B26_F9a_I6_p001.jpg) Mr Kane To R Lovett [-] To[-]y. Crest on pencil $3.00 Nov. 19/56— Recive payment Robt Lovett by Jos Stokes ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B26_F9a_I7_p001.jpg) June, 1855. My own Tom, I do not know how soon I may be taken sick and so write while there is time, and while I an shake off sad thoughts easily. Neither you nor I could bear to talk of what may be and I could only cry if I tried to tell you my wishes if I die. So I write this letter for you to read in that case but you must not read it other- -wise because I shall tell you things that I cannot, if I live have you see. You often pain me by saying that if I die, you will die too. It is a thing that terrifies me, though I can’t believe you say it in earnest. Ah my darling, wait patiently for God’s good time to re-unite us. Do not run into dangers, hoping for death, for I am sure that is wicked. And God may have some noble work for you to do. If you live a long life through, dearest, how little it will be of the eternity that we [The following is written sideways over the above text] say, and harder to say in so few words. I know however that it is all of real necessity, and that no words of mine, dear treasure of my life, are needed to tell you how fervently and deeply I love you now, and ever shall till we meet again. I must stop for the tears will come, and my present duty is to keep up my strength for your sake, and our child’s Oh, my darling! ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B26_F9a_I7_p002.jpg) shall spend together. So be patient, darling one, even if you are left quite alone, without even our poor wee baby. If God sees fit to spare it to be a comfort to you, I know you will be more willing to live, to do your duty by it, Dear Tom, I trust it to you, and I know you will fulfil the trust. I would rather have you teach it to love our Saviour, than any one else. I have never known what your faith is, darling, but I am sure it can't be very far wrong, or you would not be so good. But I know it is not quite the right faith, or it would make you happy. I have made it my daily prayer for you for years that our Father would bring us both to the true path, taking away the errors from the hearts of both. I never have asked Him for blessings for you, without imploring Him not to grant the prayer, if it would lead you from the path which takes you heavenward. When you were so ill, I said I would not pray for your life to be spared, if you had taken Christ for your Saviour, but I only asked Him to grant you time to learn to become one of Christ's disciples. I always pray Him to ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B26_F9a_I7_p003.jpg) give us blessings if they are consistent with that, but if He sees fit to lead you to His feet through trouble, and sorrow, and sickness, I will be your companion cheerfully as long as He lets me stay with you, and if He says I must leave you: go it is hard to part, but I can say, "His will be done," for I know that in His good time, He will wipe all tears from our eyes, and we shall serve Christ our Saviour together in His own king- -dom. He himself said – "Whatsoever ye ask in prayer, believing, ye shall receive," and I know He will grant my prayer, and that if you are not now a Christian you will not die till you are one. I prayed Him on the day we called our Golden Wedding not to bless our union with a child, unless we could do our duty by it, and teach it to love Christ; or if we died, that He would make it a Christian through other means. So I know that if our child lives, it too will be a Christian, and if it dies with me, its sinless soul will go to Heaven, for He blessed us ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B26_F9a_I7_p004.jpg) and gave our child the life that now stirs within me, and I know He granted my prayer, as He will grant my prayer for you, my own dear Tom. I don't bid you, Farewell forever, in this letter, dearest, I know we shall meet again. If our child lives, dear Tom, I beg you to teach it what Christ taught, but do not let its innocent mind receive any doctrines of sects. Let it live, for the sake of its bodily health, for its first few tender years among your family, but never let it hear the hateful squabbles of sects. When it is old enough, perhaps you will take it to the West, where it can grow up free from evil in- -fluences. But all that is in God's hands. He will take care that the thorns and weeds do not choke the growth of the precious soul-plant. Dear Tom, I try not to interfere with your religion, but when I can no longer kneel by you, and pray for you, will you not pray that you may become a Christian, and ask our Saviour to show you how to bring up our child?—My own one, I could fill many sheets of paper with all my hopes and fears and lookings for- -ward, but it would only be a useless tearing of my heart. What I have written, I thought necessary, but it has been hard to ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B26_F9a_I7_p005.jpg) Thomas L. Kane. Not to be opened, unless I die. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B26_F9a_I8_p001.jpg) MY HOME. BY ANN PRESTON, M[-]D. I hear the city's ceaseless roar, And pine, as homesick exiles pine,— To rest my weary feet once more Within that old green home of mine. At morning there my Father walks, Amid his cattle on the hill; By scented shrubs and holyhocks My mother bends and trains them still. The honeysuckle blooming there, The jessamine beside the wall, The dark green fir, the locust fair Have tales for me—I know them all. But I've another, nearer home Secluded from the glare of day, Where mosses cling, and wild birds sing, And relics old are stored away. And pictures sad and pictures dear Are hung around its well known walls, And old familiar tones I hear Re-echo softly through its halls. Thy glance is there whose loving light No more these eyes on earth may see; And thine, Oh friend! who in the night A star of beauty rose to me! So mid this surging sea of men To mine own home I turn to-day, And by its streams, I dream old dreams, Or gaze through vistas far away. Oh! yearning soul! thine is the might To make the home that shelters thee; Thy earnest toil must win its light, Thine own love grow thy shadowing tree. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B26_F9a_I9_p001.jpg) Dedication To Hon: John K. Kane and Thomas L. Kane Without whose aid this record of my labours would never have been published. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B26_F9_p001.jpg) Given to H A K apr 21. 1894 Diary of E D Kane This old Diary is given to H. A. Kane April 21, 1894 E.DK. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B26_F9_p002.jpg) Bessie D. Kane Christmas 1853.. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B26_F9_p005.jpg) [globe in middle of page contains a daily calendar for the year of 1855. Some dates are crossed off.] Harriet's Growth Weighed lbs oz 1 July 18. 7. Grew thin in the two next weeks but regained flesh the next and on the 8th. 5 of August was 7 6 August 14 7 9 3/4 7 August 28 8 3 8 September 4 8 4 9 September 11 8 12 1/2 10 September 18 8 14 11 September 25 8 11 12 October 2 9 13 13 October 9 10 2 14 October 16 10 11 3/4 October 23 10 8 3/4 Had a cold Octr 30 11 4 1/4 Dec. 7 12 9 3/4 13 [-] 2 Jan 5. 13. 12 Nov 13. 1856 22 lbs H.A K. Born July 10. 1855 K. Born Nov 25. 1856. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B26_F9_p007.jpg) Diary. January 1st 1854. This has been a quiet Sunday, a clear bright sky overhead, deep snow on the ground, and not a sound to be heard, but the distant church bells, and the sweet chime of SN Stephen's. I did not go to church, my cold kept me at home, but I read the "Service for Morning Prayer" some chapters of the Bible, and part of Foster's Essays. And I thought over the year, and all that had happened since January last, and what an eventful year it had been to me. On January seventh, last year on such a beautiful soft day I walked down Broadway with Tom, towards the boat he was to embark in for Bermuda. How narrowly he escaped death instead of recovering strong health as I kept hoping he would do, and how my hope buoyed me up, and made me cheerful. – What pleasant drawing lessons I took, at his desire, with Major Delafield's children, and how I used to watch the winter sunset as I (Retrospect walked home, and wonder whether he was enjoying it under warmer skies. And my Italian lessons, and my poor kind shabby teacher! Then my visit to the Kane's house in Girard Street, and my last letter from him received there! Then in March he returned, so ill that he feared he ought not to marry me, the preparations for our wedding, and how exhausted we were with them. On the 21st of April the day to be marked with a white stone of my life my dearest friend and I were married, and spent that night in our own beautiful home in Girard Street, how I love the dear place! It was a Thursday; early on Monday we set off for Virginia where we spent some days. We were both so sick and weak that we were rather sad at first, but we both loved each other dearly to begin with, and as we knew each other better loved more and more. What a blessing it has been to me to be able to love so intensely as I love him! On the first of May we were at home again, and I began housekeeping. I took German lessons till June when we moved into "Lisle House, Fisher's Lane Germantown." I was growing weaker every day, and not until the end of June, a few days before we went for a week to New Rochelle (a village on Long Island where Papa was staying) did I begin to feel any strength – But the history of the summer is in my notebook. On the 11th of July I miscarried – On the 11th of August we went to Bedford Springs where we both gained strength. God bless the mountains. White, Catskill ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B26_F9_p008.jpg) Accounts for the half year— College Lectures on Gastritis etc — Alleghany, Blue Ridge I have to remember thankfully the health and happiness I have enjoyed in your valleys. On the first or one of the first days of October we returned to town, and soon after Tom bought "Fern Rock," and I became a student at the Female Medical College in Arch Street where God grant me strength to complete my studies. And I thank Him earnestly for all his mercies to me, to my darling husband and our dear families, and pray Him on this first night of the New Year to continue his mercies, and make us try to do our duty, and to succeed for Christ's love. Amen! "To serve the present age, My calling to fulfil, Oh may it all my powers engage To do my Master's will! Arm me with zealous care As in thy sight to live And oh, thy servant, Lord prepare, A strict account to give!" Last night Tom and I went over our accounts to- -gether. We had fancied ourselves economical, but oh dear we had far exceeded our limits. I have resolved to keep house on $133,00 a month, and try to save out of it. I hope I can. We will cut down every expense, but every one before charity. Pat told us tonight that the poor man who used to tune the piano is dead, literally starved to death! How dreadful it is, and to think of all our luxuries! They seem so wicked God help me to do right! Monday January 2nd Monday. At ten my household duties over I started January 2 for College. The first hour was a "quiz" from Dr Johnson on Potash and the antidotes for a person to take poisoned by Caustic Potash– Vinegar or Lemon Juice or Oil or "emulsient drinks." The second hour a lecture from Dr Harvey on Gastritis which made me feel the invitation afforded by the open air when we came out too tempting to be resisted, so I trotted home, over the icy pavement. Went upstairs to BK's room and read an article on our professors in the Daily Register to her. Went down stairs saw Mrs [-]inkler and Mrs Constable (to whom I behaved unchristianly). Read The Revolt of Islam to B. in the evening, until the ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B26_F9_p009.jpg) — Tennyson's Princess on Female Physicians — Weir Mitchell on Death — everlasting H. W made his appearance when I matronised her darning my stockings, mending my cloak etc, with commendable gravity. Saw but little of dear Tom. Tuesday Felt amazingly well in the morning, and going to college January 3 heard three lectures Miss Mowry, Dr Harvey and Miss Preston. At the conclusion of her lecture Miss Mowry coming to speak to me, kissed me. The strangeness of the idea struck me. Vive our new régime! I noticed to Tom how strange it was that Tennyson in his description of his college with its "Prudes for Proctors, Dowagers for Deans And sweet girl - Graduates in their golden hair" makes even his Princess whom he thinks extravagant in her notions of Woman's duty hesitate and decide for the time, against teaching women medicine, which to me seems far more "Woman's Sphere" than several of the "ologies" she taught. – I know that one of the principal objections that will be made to the study will be its depriving a woman's household of her cares. I have no children, so that I shall not be able to be a very good example of the contrary. But my health is as delicate as most women's and if I can only prove that I am happier, and stronger, and that my household find no discrimination in my cares, and that I can perform those duties of society and hos- -pitality which fall to my share, I think my example will be worth something as an argument. Our lectures were Lucarea , Dyspepsia, and Functions of the Ductless Glands. Tom brought me home "The Hickleburys on the Rhine" of which I read a little to him in the afternoon before I took my nap from which I rose with a severe headache. Took tea at six, had a very pleasant ride with my dear boy in an omnibus sleigh to hear Weir Mitchell lecture on Death which he did very well. His object was to remove the superstitions or popular fallacies on the subjects of there being any agony in the act of death, of there being any life in those corpses which have been found turned in the coffin etc – proving that in the act of decomposition gases were genera- ted which in escaping altered the position of the body. His opening and his illustrations, as well as his delivery of them were – after Thackeray. Otherwise his manner was simple and unaffected. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B26_F9_p010.jpg) — College talk – Tot disappoints me—Emerson's Lecture—Oversleep ourselves— Wednesday Today my headache continuing, Tom urged me to stay in January 4 bed, and not go to college, I grieve to relate that I disobeyed both injunctions. The lectures were – Ulceration of the Os Uteri and various Stomachic Ailments. A very pretty child came as a clinic patient suffering, poor wee thing from "Prolapsus Ani" (it sounded so) [for which Corn and Rye Mush with Molasses was recommended], as well as from inflammation of the Uterus. A young and extremely goodlooking quadroon woman came who had had a miscarriage and since then some constant discharge, and had an enlargement of the left ventricle of the heart. After lecture a discussion on seasickness arose when poor fat Mrs Healey taking out a small and exceedingly soiled handkerchief and crying informed us that her daughter died of it. Then she asked me where I lived, and if I could recommend her a boarding -house. There is something so queer about the woman that these simple questions seemed irresistibly comic. I finished reading Thackeray's little book to Tom, but was forced to go to bed when he went out, feeling very unwell Thursday Lizzie Mitchell spent some time this morning with me, and then January 5. I got Tot's room into nice order for her but a note arrived saying that Cousin Margaret was sick and so she could not come till Saturday. Nothing particular happened till evening when we went to hear Emerson deliver a lecture which, chanced not to please my ladyship. Tom, whose flushed cheeks and sparkling eyes made him really look so exquisitely beautiful, with the dear soul speaking from his face that if I had never been and in love with him before I should have become so now, had great part of his enjoyment spoiled by my being so disagreeable. And I promise I won't spoil my darling's pleasure another time. Friday Tom and I, both overslept ourselves, and lo and behold, January 6 we had completely forgotten that Tom had asked Dr Elder to breakfast, and while Tom was asleep and I half dressed in he came. He stayed till 11 by the bye. I read the Revolt of Islam and of Michelet's History aloud to Bess. After dinner put Tom to sleep with poetry, and felt rather gloomy so came in to write this, and not dispirit my boy when he wakes – In the evening we went over to the Kanes where I read aloud to Mrs Kane. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B26_F9_p011.jpg) 5 —Tot continues to disappoint – Waiting at church. Go to N. Y. to meet Tot — Saturday I went out after my housekeeping this morning and bought some January 7 shirt buttons, pins, darning cotton, and finally a superb bow of ribbon to adorn myself with when Tot should come. Returning home, I put the last touch to the rooms, had Tot's fire blazing cheer- -fully, and having dressed myself took up Kingsley's Hypatia carried it to the dining room and sat down to await their coming. At last in came Tom bringing a note from her. She couldn't come. I was so disappointed, my second fatted calf being killed for nothing; that I should have cried, if my services had not been required, in cooling Tom's wrath. He gave me a note for his mother which I took over. I found her with the Misses Cadwalader to whose balls I m going on Wednesday, and on returning found Tom with the gas lit, and a beautiful set of ornaments for my dress. After dinner I said all the poetry I could remember to put Tom asleep with. After tea he went to a Wistar party where Emerson asked to be introduced to him. I read "Hypatia" till about half past ten, and then went to bed. Sunday Went to St Andrews' in the morning, and after the January 8 usual disagreeable and painful waiting in the porch Mrs Sinkler took me into her pew where she told me I would be welcome every Sunday which was very kind. The sermon was a good one on Wisdom uttering her voice in the streets, and no man regarding her. Henry Wharton walked home with me. In the afternoon Tom took his usual siesta and thought I had better do so too, but I thought it wiser not to do so, as I have so little time for reading, and so I wrote Diary, read my Bible and learned Coleridge's Christmas Carol. Monday Miss Betty Snyder came to turn my green plaid dress. Dr January 9 Elder who had been asked to breakfast, sent his little nephew to say he had a sore eye and begged to be excused. Started at two, with Pat for New York where I arrived very tired and sick, only to have my request that Tot should return with me on Tues- -day refused. I went to bed crying, homesick to return to Tom to a degree that astonished myself. Presently Walter came up and made an agreement with me that, if I would stay till Thursday Tot should return with me. I don't think any one knew how great a sacrifice it was to me to remain away from my dear Tom so long. And after I went to sleep, when Tot came to bed I clasped her in my arms and said, "Oh Tom my love, my darling do let me clasp you in my arms I love you so." ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B26_F9_p012.jpg) —Gracie's Death – Return to Phila – Tom sick – Mrs Kane on Fern Rock — Tuesday As I still felt sick and my head ached badly I stayed in January 10 bed and read some of the children's books. Jacob Faithful, Leila at Home, Grace Greenwood's Resolutions of my Childhood, Sins of the Tongue, Kitty Brown Learning to Think, and a fairy story, Princess Ilse. Got up to dinner. Wednesday I felt much better so I got up to breakfast. It was a January 11 dull cloudy day, and I went out on a book-hunt with Harry but got no further than Miller's bookshop, as it began to sprinkle. When we reached home we found that Tot had gone out. "To Aunt Eliza's" thought I, "she has gone for advice, and will make herself miserable." So we took umbrellas and posted off up there, where she was, sure enough, and miserable too sure enough. So we carried her off, and occupied her mind with other matters. — They told me on Monday that dera Gracie died a few days before Christmas. She felt no pain, and was not sick enough to go to bed. Her last words were – "Is this Death, Mamma"? So quietly her pure spirit passed that at first her mother did not know that all was over. So she is gone, to be remembered when we repeat "Footsteps of Angels" among those "The holy ones and weakly Who the cross of suffering bore, Folded their pale hands so meekly And were seen on earth no more." — Papa brought me a beautiful Christmas present this evening – Morson's Edition of C. Lamb's Works in four volumes, Bohn's Miss Mitford's Our Village in two volumes, and Bentley's Coleridge's Table Talk in one volume. We had a long talk about Tot's coming on with me. Poor dear Papa, how unhappy he is! Thursday Oh the dullest rainiest day! And when our journey was January 12. over I found poor Tom very sick in bed. They had never told me of it, though they knew I found. And I found that he had been hurt by my not returning, so that my "welcome home" was more dismal than cheering. Friday At Tom's request wrote a long letter to Tom Cousin Margaret, January 13 and determined on planting two willows at Fern Rock in remembrance of Gracie. Mrs Kane came in to say that "though we had lived in great harmony at Germantown last summer perhaps it was only because I thought it was to be over soon, and that if I was going to shut myself up in a tower it would be better perhaps that they should stay away." Agreeable! I could not help ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B26_F9_p013.jpg) — Willie leaves us. Tot on my temper. Emerson's Lecture. I am cross – Incident about the school crying a little afterwards, for I had really thought she was begin- -ning to love me; but I must begin over again. And as if I wanted Fern Rock! If it weren't for my darling's sake I would have told her how I did feel about it, but he is so good and kind, God bless him, that I couldn't find it in my heart to distress him, the dear one. January 14 Poor Willie left us, wishing some accident might befal Saturday him to detain him here. I worked all the morning at tidying dear Tom's room. Letters from Elisha reached us dated from the 19th to the 23rd July - at Pröven on the West Coast of Greenland, which each of the Kanes said were encouraging, but as they did not seem to feel particularly cheerful, I suppose were not. An exceedingly dull tea set of girls at the Kanes' in the evening Sunday Tom wanted me to be very quiet, as I had had one of my January 15. "chokes" at night, so I only went to church once. Where I had another by the way. It was a missionary sermon – the text "Unto the angel of the church in Philadelphia writes, I have set an open door before thee." Not particularly good. Tom told the Kanes that we gave up our tower. Monday Tot tells me that my temper is worse since I married; that January 16 I get "tantrums." So I must set to work to cure myself. I ordered two shelves from Alexander for Tom's books. Tuesday As we were to dine at the Kanes, I made Alexander put January 17 up the shelves while Tom was at dinner, and then arranged his books and papers on them, and my boy was well pleased. We went to Emerson's Lecture, which no one liked. Tom and I both felt sick; so with our customary precaution we went after the Lecture to Chauveau's and bought half a dollar's worth of candy. Wednesday Tom and Tot were trying dresses on me in the morning, and January 18 I was as cross as a bear, so after they went out, I repented and fixed Tom's room up nicely and mended his clothes. We had great singing work in the evening Thursday Poor Tom quite sick in the morning. I kept in a better humor January 19 today. Went to a dressmaker's about my new ball dress. I forgot to tell at the time, quite a strange incident about the school, so I shall set it down now. When Tom went to pay the rent, he told the owner, a hard old Quaker that he thought part of the repairs ought to be paid for by him (the Quaker). The man said No. Tom then said — that he would not pay, he had married a wife, and must be careful for her sake. The old man ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B26_F9_p014.jpg) Bob and Becky's Children – Emerson's Lecture was silent for a moment. "Has thee supported this school thyself?" Tom said he did not know what right he had to inquire but – Yes, he had. "And thee has taken a wife, has thee?—My circumstances have changed since I saw thee last. My last child and my wife are dead. I will pay the repairs. Does thee want a donation?" No, Tom told him. "Thee spoke once of introducing Schuylkill water on the premises;– Thee may do it." And away he went. — Becky and Robert Patterson spent the evening with us, and really seemed to enjoy it. They seem so happy in each other's love and in loving their children. I am justly punished for my wickedness by the longing I have for a child. In a week or two I should have been a mother. Tom's baby might have lain in my arms and looked at me with his eyes. Oh darling lost one, treasure that I never deserved how my heart yearns for you. I daren't look again at Becky's little Bessie. Last night Tom's speaking of what he would have done with his son, went to my heart. How happy he would have been, with our child, his own baby to love. God help me to gain strength first to complete my course at college and know medicine as a means of usefulness to my fellows, and meanwhile to strengthen body and educate mind till I am a full grown woman. And then I pray that He will grant us the great blessing when I am fitter to be so infinitely blessed. Friday Another dull murky day. I pasted gray wall paper January 20 with strips of crimson laid on the edges as a border, on Tom's old teabox to make a stand for my plants. Mended boots, dress, and stockings. Wrote to Cousin Margaret. and rewrote my visiting list for the first fine day; before dinner. Slept afterwards. After tea heard a capital Lecture on Culture from Emerson. He recommended those who had an object in view to – in fact – "press towards the mark" neglecting luxuries etc, and also spoke of boy's education sensibly. I am afraid I was cross to Tom when he went out, because he did not speak to E— at his lecture; when he gave up Jullien's con- -cert to attend it; instead of going afterwards to visit him. E. announced that Lucy Stone will lecture tomorrow on Woman's Rights and Tom said "We must go." I said "No I can't" remembering that we had already sacrified another of Jullien's concerts, because Cousin Mary Gray and Miss Macalester ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B26_F9_p015.jpg) Nine months married. Pleasant Sunday— whom Tom had invited to play for him were coming. I had been so cross I suppose that he misinterpreted me, for he said to Tot that "Cl[-]avers didn't want to go, so he and she would slip out for an hour, and hear S.I. while I entertained the guests," I would like to go very much, as Tom however made the mistake I won't tell him, and I shall have the secret satisfaction of having endured a great bore for his dear sake. Saturday Nine months married. I don't know how it is that January 21 while I feel as if this delightful way of living had lasted a life-time and that my girl-life had receded away into the remotest dif distance I yet feel very much younger and the remembrance of the old mamma's time is freshening and becoming as vivid as the life of a few months back. — Oh if I only had one baby, like Psyche with her "My babe, my sweet Aglaia, my one child." Oh dear, it seems so long a time before I can hope for it.— That poor little Lily and Cousin Mary spent an exceedingly dull evening with us. I wish the one had a mother, and the other a daughter. It would do them both good. Tom and I were sorry today Sunday I wasn't allowed to go to church today. We read one of January 22 Kingsley's sermons; on Books and Words. How precious a gift words were, and what an account would have to be ren -dered for every good book a messenger and prophet to us, and how wicked it is to neglect their message. We talked a great deal about Papa, and Cousin M, and the children, but could not see anything to do for them, and must just wait until the "bitter bud" unfolds, and God gives us our work. Ah for health for dear Tom and for myself that I might "be up and doing." It is so hard to wait. And oh how I wish I were more Christian, and loved Christ more. All his infinite love touches my heart so little, so little. Monday This week again began unfavorably. True the sky was perfectly January 23 serene and the sun shone brightly, but oh how piercing cold it was! I determined to pay off some of my calls and not to have a long arrear of unpaid calls when I was allowed to go back to college. So off I went felt no worse at the time, read aloud to Mrs. Kane, went to bed woke with a sore throat, head- -ache and fever which have kept me confined until now ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B26_F9_p016.jpg) Mrs Rush's Ball – Mr Macalester's Party Thursday I feel much better to day and am going to arrange January 26 papers, write up diary, make out visiting list, etc. As I missed Mrs Maskoe's ball on Tuesday I am going to Mrs Rush's tonight, a very imprudent thing I think but I hate to disappoint dear Tom so I shall content my- -self with dressing as warmly as I can. Friday Jan. 27 Oh last night was the most wearisome of all my life it seemed! We, my darling and I, did not leave the house till twenty minutes past eleven and returned at two. I was cross to Tom, and feel cross today, but he is at the office and I am going to try really when he returns to be pleasant and make him happy. Today is his thirty-second birthday, dear fellow. But this is not about the ball.—The first part of the time I was ready to cry with shamefacedness, and the rest I felt so weak that I could hardly stand. I wonder why I am so very weak. I have not been particularly sick. The rooms were all very bright and glittering, but the prettiest thing to me, was the greenhouse with its exquisite plants, one of them with a sort of coronal of crimson leaves encircling a set of green and golden cups seemingly filled with honey. And the cool dewy air was so pleasant, contrasted with the heated rooms, and the bores of people. But the fine rooms reminded me of hotels and so did the supper table, and a little arched passage leading into a tiny room both hung with red and covered with pictures reminded me of the passage that led to my stateroom and of the Ladies' Cabin on board the Europa. The flowers were the aristocracy of the place decidedly, and looked in their cool graceful self possession much more as if the place belonged to them, than to poor, heated, rouged, fat Mrs Rush. — I saw no living creature whose manner I would like to have, and I said to Tom that I did not think I had gained anything but he said yes, I had taken the first step to lose my shyness and awk- -wardness. Saturday Spent the whole morning in the house, and in the evening January 28 spent a tolerably pleasant evening at the Macalesters'. Sunday Stayed at home, sleeping the greater part of the day. January 29 I wonder whether I shall have such holy happy Sundays at Fern Rock as I sometimes had in German- -town. I talked with dear kind old Judge Kane about the place in the evening going over the plans with him. And tried, successfully to interest the other Bessie in her little room. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B26_F9_p017.jpg) Mrs Brown's tea party — Country drive & break down Monday Darned stockings, read "Albuminous Compounds" to myself January 30 and the Revolt of Islam to Bage in the morning. Slept, croche'd – and I read aloud Pickwick, and wrote diary in the evening. Tuesday Dawdled about, wrote to Harry, darned, sewed etc in the January 31 morning, and in the evening went to an exceedingly stupid tea party at Mrs Brown's where I tried however to behave properly, that is to be cheerful and sit up straight so as to please my boy, in which I succeeded. As the carriage didn't come we went off alone and on foot home, and as Tom was speaking to me I saw a woman passing us, look at us rather earnestly. Without having noticed her particularly she somehow impressed me, and Tom saying to himself "Poor child" I asked Who is poor child? and he told me what the poor thing was. I do wish I could do something for those poor creatures. Oh how much there is that I long to do, and yet here's this frail body that lets me do- nothing. Here is the last day of January and I have only been to college three days of the whole month, useless creature that I am. Why- do I cumber the ground — unless perhaps God will give me strength in time to do something for Christ's sake and man's before I go hence and be no more. Wednesday Last night my boy told me that he thought we would February 1 have a beautiful day, and that he would take me with him to Fern Rock, but the morning rose so cloudy that I thought it best not to remind him, and when my housekeeping was over I ran up to Bessie's room and began to read to her. At half past eleven my darling boy drove up for me, the sky had cleared, and away we went. We had a delicious day, the workmen had struck for wages at F. R so that it was very quiet and pleasant there, and in coming home after a long drive our wheel came off. We then scampered across some fields over to Germantown and arrived there just four minutes before the five o' clock train into which we entered at the Turnpike Bridge and came home highly delighted with our adventures. Tom and I went to bed early and so escaped a long visit from good Dr C– who has many virtues though not the one of going away in time. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B26_F9_p018.jpg) Poor Tom wearied at F.R. Bad dreams Thursday Tom poor fellow tired and lame started for Fern Rock. About February 2. twelve I was starting for a walk as it was a really exquisite day when Mrs Eliza Seiper called. I was very much pleased with her and accompanied her to Mrs Patterson's. Poor Becky looked very ill. It was such a balmy delicious day that I took a great longing for a pot of violets which I commissioned little Johnny to get for me. Friday I did not feel very well today but sat down and sewed February 3 till I had to lie down - I felt quiet and grave today. Today it might have come. But I had to cheer up and be pleasant because poor boy has a disappointment I fear, and then as it was Elisha's birthday all the Kanes dined with us. In the evening I wrote a letter to M. Jones, and refused Tot ink and paper to write a second letter, she having written as much as I thought good for her; which mightily provoked her wrath. Saturday This morning about dawn Tom was wakened by hearing February 4 me laughing, as he supposed, in my sleep. Bending over to look at me he found my pillow wet with tears and when he woke me I clasped him close and cried again with joy that it was a dream. For I had dreamed that I had noticed a sort of constraint and gloom over the whole family and that I had at last elicited partly from one and partly from another, that / Tom had a dread- -ful disease of the heart, that he was to sail for Florida immediately and that though the 13th of June was nom- -inally fixed for his return yet no one expected him to live and worst of all I was no to accompany him. When I was awaked it was just at the point where I was kneeling beside his bed and begging him to take pity on me and let me go with him. This dream made me feel quite sad all day. I sewed and read my Physiology in the morning, and in the evening, first read aloud to Tom while he dressed for a party and then afterwards to the Judge, spending quite a pleasant evening Sunday As it was a clear day I thought I would please the Judge February 5 by going with him to hear his new choir. and But I St Agatha's Day found that the choir did not sing till next Sunday, and that the Judge had neuralgia. However Bess was going alone so I went with her, and we heard a missionary sermon. The minister was very much in earnest, poor fellow, but was no orator. I did not take my nap at the usual time because I wanted to think over earnestly what my duty was upon a certain point. So when Tom lay down I knelt ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B26_F9_p019.jpg) Decide about the G. W. Day at Mr Thomas' house in the country down beside him, resting my head on his, and prayed that my thoughts might be guided rightly, and so, placing my reasons for and against– opposite each other I tried to determine as one unconcerned. Medicine, Health and Self with some reasons or fears rather on the score of Religion, Education etc, arrayed themselves against Pleasure to the Kanes, a yearning in myself that grows constantly stronger, and most of all - Tom's happiness. Besides this came whether my duty did not lie with the last. I think and hope that I came to the right decision before I slept. I told Tom in the evening, and the unexpected happiness it gave him made me quite sure I was right. But I will decide more fully on the anniversay of my wedding day, and then, when we are quite settled at Fern Rock, I will wear some of those pretty French Calicoes that Tom likes, which have a white ground with a blue brown red or green little figure in them. I am very happy that I have decided. Now I will study earnestly and take care of my health that the dresses may be becoming. It is exactly nine months today since I made a contrary resolution. Monday I intended to go to Medical School this morning but it February 6 was so cold that Tom preferred that I should exercise myself about the house which I accordingly did. I wrote diary, made a list of calls for Tom, went out with poor Tom whose throat is very sore, and bought a lace collar and some divnity bands to make cuffs for my green dress, because Tom thinks that I look nicely with edges of white peeping out. I adorned myself with the lace collar that he might see it, at dinner. Tuesday We started at eleven for Mrs Thomas' house in the country where February 7 we dined, and after dinner Bob Patterson sang – "Flow on, thou shining river," "Farewell Bessy," and "Here a sheer hulk, his poor Tom Bowling". Poor Bob, after he had finished singing I saw his mouth work painfully, and Tom retired behind the rest and looked — away back into old times, and seemed unhappy. What a detestable, wicked, hateful wretch I am! I felt quite a momentary pang of jealousy when Tom leaned over Helen Patterson and urged her to sing for him, saying in his sweet low voice that I know every tone of, Ah do sing darling, Please sing darling — I felt as if I were utterly forgotten and that when he remembered me it would be with abhorrence as he thought of my ugly face, my rude ways and my incapacity to understand his feelings. Thank God it lasted but a moment. How miserable those ideas used to make me. Now, I know that my intense love for him, makes me more truly his wife than and one else ever could be. My darling. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B26_F9_p020.jpg) Whitby Hall — Lectures — Talk with the Judge We started off, when we reached Aunt Anne's, further on, down into the valley and up again to old Whitby, a house one hundred years old this summer. Mrs Kane, a Mrs Knowles, the grand daughter, and a vulgar Mrs Thomas the daughter in law, of the old Mrs Thomas, were sitting with her. She is the only [---] [---] that I have seen. Mrs Leiper, and Mrs W. P taylor seem to be [---] [---] and it shows in their manner, but they are not such finished [---] [---] old one seems to be Her last sister died two or three days ago, and this poor lady a solitary leaf on an old tree is looking forward to her own death and sent for my boy to tell him her reminiscences of old times before she should die, knowing that he is the only one who cares for such things. Last night he thought that his mother might be feeling lonely out there, and that her night's rest would not benefit her, and off he started on foot to go and see her and give her family news. His foot hurt him and he had to turn back. He's the best fellow in the world and I am so proud to be his wife. When we came home I spent the evening next door as I Butler was there, and coming home read a little of Ruth to Tom. Wednesday A sloppy slushy day. Woke with quite a cold. Wrote February 8 diary, fixed accounts, made cuffs, the latter because dear Johnny came upstairs, and remembering that it was Clinic Day I said to myself "Now Johnny's come over to do his duty until it's time to go" so I waited patiently talked and listened till he went off to his medical studies when I ran off to mine. I finished copying out one Lecture and read some Anatomy of the Heart, which took me till two o'clock. Then I dressed and waited for Tom who came home wet and miserable and was quite cheered to find me waiting for him. In the evening after being over at the other house a while, I ran home – cross at heart I regret to say, and read Medicine until dear Tom came over for me, saying that the Judge wanted to read me an article in the paper, so I tied on my hood and went across. I found it was a critique on Elisha's book in the Morning Post which I read aloud to him, and then we talked over old college days etc, till bed time. I do love the Judge. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B26_F9_p021.jpg) Lectures – Tot has a sore throat Thursday As today was a beautiful one, and my cold was better, February 9 I sallied out to Medical School. Some darning detained me until the eleven o'clock Lecture, and then I only remained an hour as my heart fluttered a good deal, and I am determined to take care of myself for his dear sake. The lecture was first on Yellow Jaundice – then on Splenits and then he began on diseases of the Kidneys. The second was to me the interesting one, [---] He began by describing the situation of the Spleen, saying that very little was known of its offices. One is suppossed to be that of receiving the blood which is not required for the time by other organs, as for instance during the int interval between the periods of digestion. Splenitis is often mistaken for other diseases, of the Kidneys, of the lower lobe of the left lung etc. Some of its symptoms are – either a dull, heavy pain, or an acute shorting one, enlargement, and pain on pressure, sometimes attended with vomiting or shortness of breath. It affects either the peritoneal covering?, or the parenchyma of the spleen itself, but until after death it is impossible to tell which affects the patient. It is sometimes cured, but often lasts a life time. Chronic splenitis is known in Malarious countries as the ague cake, as it frequently accompanies ague, and malarious diseases. In Bengal where it is very common they attempt its cure by actual cautery, by running a long needle into it when it swells, and they use the expressed oil of Mustard Seed. Here they use Iodine etc. Travelling about, visiting watering places etc recommended. ———— When I came home I found Tot looking mis- -erable with her sore throat and nose, so I made her walk back as far as school with me, and then home again. — We had just sat down to dinner when Tom came home, and after dinner he sang a while — "The last Review" I think it was. And here I must record a lamentable deficiency of ear on his part. I went upstairs to lay out my dress for the ball, previous to lying down to rest and began humming — Ibbetson's Hymn, and Tom asked me if I were not trying to hum "The last Review"!! Any one with the least particle of ear ought to have known what I was trying to do!! After resting I took a bath and put on my clothes with the exception of my frock and made tea in my room ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B26_F9_p022.jpg) Mrs Cadwalader's Ball for Tom and Tot. I laughed till my heart ached so that the tears ran down my cheeks from pain. After I was all dressed we departed. I had been flattered into quite a good humor with myself and every one else. Sophie the upholsteress was in the dressing room so I immediately looked round for hints for Fern Rock. The most practicable one was the dressing stand which I daresay was a packing case like the one in Tom's room. It was covered first with white stuff, and then with a plain full skirt of white muslin. A row of crimson gimp at the top, and two some distance apart at the bottom made a simple and exceedingly pretty little affair. Coming down stairs we saw a whole crowd of people quite jamming up the room, several divorcees, and some few brides, and fiancées. I could not help pitying exceedingly some few ugly young girls who leaned against a marble table looking anxiously at the gentlemen as if they could sing – "Nobody coming to marry me, nobody coming to woo?" One young woman whirling round in the ball room had, as I thought, a scar on the back of her neck, between her shoulders, and an exceedingly red face. It turned out that what I took for a scar was produced by her being so tightly laced that her shoulder-blades nearly met, and the flesh between them was puckered into a red heap – [---] How I would have liked to cut the Gordian knot and set the poor red flesh free! Fanny Cadwalader was dancing in a sort of mazy whirl, her transparent white skirts spreading round her, while her "floods of eyes" were fixed on her partner's button hole, with a sort of unconscious melancholy fainting expression. I half expected to hear a swish on the floor, to see her white skirts change to foaming water and Miss Fanny like an Undine or a water nymph, melt away into the fountain. I think I was very bad, for though I tried to be cheerful and sit up straight I said and thought ill tempered things of my neighbors, and I do believe I could not have said a thing that wasn't, the whole night. Tom showed me a lady whose scrawny neck and ugly face I had been laughing at to myself, and made me ashamed by telling me how nobly she had held up through adverse fortunes, and how even while she was going to have ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B26_F9_p023.jpg) Miss Mourys Lecture — Fears and Hopes — Ruth — a baby she used to sit up working with her "Willy" till two or three in the morning, copying papers. I do hate myself, and it is the severest reproof in the world to me, to have my darling praise me as he does. — When we came home at about two o'clock I put all my things away so that nothing should interfere with my getting up early Friday Tom away to Fern Rock and I to college intending February 10 to stay all day, as there are so few more weeks two from tomorrow before Commencement Day. But it was Miss Mowry's lecture and on some of the troubles of a woman's delivery, and though I tried not to think of myself, yet my heart began fluttering and I felt so frightened and sick that I could scarcely stay the whole lecture through, and then had to go. Oh dear oh dear it will require all my love for Tom and all the hopes and fancies I can cluster round the after time, of "baby fingers, waxen touches", ever to give my courage to go through all that dreadful suffering and the weary nine months before it. However I must enjoy and be thankful for the health, and the exceeding happiness I have now, and remember to put my trust in Him who "will gently lead those that are with young." And oh I hope He will guide me in everything. Saturday Tom made me lie abed on account of my cold until about February 11. eleven when I dressed, and going to the next house read the two last cantos of the Revolt of Islam to Bessie, which took me till one o'clock, when I went home. I sat in the window waiting for my boy who had been four hours with Gardette the dentist, and would I knew have a headache when he came home, so I borrowed Ruth to read to him. But he thought it injurious as to its moral tone and didn't think it right to listen. And I was hurt as if he had spoken so of some relative of my own because I liked Ruth so much. So there was a little "ruffle" on our evenness of getting along. The estimate of the expense of Fern Rock being made out this evening and coming up to about double what Tom supposed we agreed to give up the Tower and the G.W. and take a little room off the drawing room. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B26_F9_p024.jpg) Lectures — Funny collegiate mistake Sunday I went to the Presbyterian Church in the morning and February 12 poor old Judge Leiper walked home with me, pointing out the scenes of his various old associations as we walked along Market Street. In the afternoon I was naughty. Tom and I went up to Schuylkill 3rd Street to ask how Mr Sam Leiper was. – As H Wharton was earlier than usual this Sunday we had no singing. Monday Attended the whole morning course of lectures, and was February 13 very much amused at my own expense by the light in which every one had viewed my influenza. One of the two sweet expressioned thin women in rusty black asked me how long I had been married. I told her; Between nine and ten months. "Ah, said she, blushing, I have one daughter who has been married a little longer than you, and I am anxious to perfect myself in this branch (Obstetrics) to be able to help her. She cannot bear the idea of having a gentleman to attend her, and I don't wonder. While I was married, (she is a widow) I suffered greatly from not having had been able to make up my mind to tell my troubles to my family physician, though he is an excellent man. And so I am qualifying myself to help my daughter. Is that what's the matter with you?" Oh no, said I, crimsoning to the roots of my hair. – Then Miss Preston after her lecture took my hand and said "I am glad to see you back. How are you?" "Oh my cold is almost gone"— "Are you going to be well? said she, gravely. Again when we went in to the room where all those dreadful skeletons and dried up creatures are, another woman turning to me said – "Don't allow thyself to be frightened." and whenever anything was said supposed to be applicable to my case the thirty two eyes of the class peeped at me, so that I dared not even twirl my thumbs at last. Oh it was very funny. Tuesday As it was a dull foggy day Tom did not want me to go to February 14 school but I was determined, so off I trotted to the shoemaker's first, and next to school where I heard Puerperal Fever and Diseases of the Kidneys continued. Dr Harvey was within a few minutes of the close of his lecture when Miss Bates, who acts as "chief cook and bottle washer" handed him a paper, after reading which he said that Miss Bates requested him to conclude his lecture, and a few minutes before twelve, and as it happened that he was at the end of a subject, he would do so now. So bowing, he walking off. Strange, that ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B26_F9_p025.jpg) College — First Clinic Operation such a coincidence as the subject's ending just then, should happen by chance! Then Miss Bates explained that, Dr H– was to deliver our Valedictory. Did not the class think it would be advisable to request him for a copy, and to print it at the end of the Report. Then, whether it would not be advisable to prepare a set of resolutions complimentary to the Faculty, or a Letter? As no one spoke, I said – I propose that Miss Bates be requested to draw them up, — which was assented to by the class. Miss B. with a gratified simper said – Oh, but I couldn't do it all by myself. Mrs Arnold, the handsome brazen looking Providence-woman, who had been thirsting to put her nose into the affair, then said in the affected Dublin English tone she thinks fit to assume on state occasions– Oi'll do moy part if you would loike me to help, — and Miss Minna Elliger (Allentown Lehigh Co Pa) was also detailed to draw up the important sentences. As it rained yesterday I gave half my umbrella to a pretty Quaker student, who, speaking of Fowler's and Wells' Phrenological shop which is next door to us, said she intended to have her head examined, but that she believed it would be disagreeable because he might say that she had a predisposition to insanity. This, in the coolest manner imaginable. — Today it cleared up gradually, until at noon the air was deliciously mild and balmy so I came home, and read the two first cantos of Prometheus Unbound to Bess. I had had some sort of idea that Tom might come and take me out to Fern Rock with him but he didn't. Sewed the evening long. At night waked up twice with laughing, and laughed myself to sleep again. [drawings of two faces at the right of the paragraph, entitled Minna Elliger Horton] Wednesday Another rainy day. Tom tried to persuade me not to go February 15 to school but I was obstinate. However we compromised the matter by my taking a carriage there. While I was waiting for the carriage I learned Tennyson's "New Year." Miss Mowry lectured on Puerperal Mania, and Mr Harvey on Uric Acid etc. As clinic time had arrived I should have gone away, but that it was raining hard at the time, and I thought the weather might moderate if I remained some time longer, so I waited. There was only one patient, a Quakeress who came, accompanied by an exceedingly beautiful woman, Mrs Jackson a Quaker lecturer on Physiology. Some questions were asked the woman. Her name, Hannah Ferris, Shoe Binder, aged 46, residing at Derby. She was a married woman, had had two miscarriages, and one dead and one living child born. After ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B26_F9_p026.jpg) Hannah Jackson – Miss Bates – Hannah Ferris the birth of this last had been suffering these eleven years, had great pain in the back, as well as in the bladder, uterus etc. She would submit to an operation. Accordingly she was stretched on one of the benches, and Miss Preston began piling shawls under her head. My cloak with its silk lining I found would be softest, so I gave it. I felt dreadfully frightened and like running away, but I prayed, and in a moment "Strength came to me that equalled my desire." I jumped up, walked rapidly to her and examined the vagina through the speculum as Miss Preston held it. I went back to my seat, but seeing the poor thing's face working with pain, and that one of the pupils was stroking her hand (the one in which she held her handkerchief while the other one was clenched on the back of the bench) I wiped her poor eyes, and then stroked her hair and brow with my cold hands, as I do Tom's when he is in pain, during the time she lay there, whispering comfort, and to bear up for the sake of her family. I heard Mrs Jackson say she was anxious to be at home on their account, so I spoke of them, and fortunately struck the right nail on the head, for she looked up and said "Oh yes, even if it gives me no relief, it may be a comfort to them that I have tried this." Presently Mrs Jackson said - Well Hannah as thee has found such a kind friend, I will leave thee for half an hour to attend to my little matters– so off she went. Miss Preston who had looked twice or thrice round her in search of a syringe said she must go for it, but would be back in a quarter of an hour, and said to me, "That's right, will thee go on while I am away. It keeps her soothed and quiet." Miss Bates in her newborn dignity of graduate said – "You'll make a capital physician Mrs Kane." – "Oh shall I. Doctor Bates, said I, what makes you think so."– "'Tis because thee is kind- -hearted", put in Miss Collins my pretty Quakeress. "Ah yes," chimed in the patient, "that she is. You don't know the difference I feel, with you, ladies, and having a gentleman. Though to be sure I think Doctor Smith was carelessly cruel to me. He first gave me first one" etc etc. I remember well enough what she said, but there is no use writing it down, suffice it to say, he had treated her cruelly. Then Miss Bates produced from a sort of breast pocket (she apes the man in a sort of stride, and wearing polka jackets of gray cloth as like a man's blouse or rather a boy's loose jacket as possible) the letter she had composed, requesting a copy of the Valedictory for publication. When she had finished, I moved a vote of thanks to Miss Bates. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B26_F9_p027.jpg) Bitter disappointment Visit Hannah Ferris After Miss Preston returned I undertook to buy a syringe for the patient, but I stopped in a shop to buy a little worsted pattern for Nell to copy, and the matching of the colours took so long that I had to hurry home to dinner. My boy promised to send it to Nell and an invitation to the Bachelor's Ball here, to Harry. He was so happy about my having actually seen an operation, and looked so radiant and his kisses seemed to give me such extra life that I felt as if I could dance. He insisted. Read Prometheus aloud in the evening to Bessie. Thursday As it was snowing hard Tom made me take a carriage, February 16 and he bought the syringe for me. I ordered the carriage to come for me at one. I found the class not quite ready for lecture and so I looked at a new sort of stitch in canvass Mrs Holles wanted to show me, went with my pretty Quakeress into the dissecting-room where the smell made me feel sick. Saw only two subjects, two children nearly picked clean to the bone, preparing for drying. Heard three lectures. Miss Mowry on the Indications of Disease in children. Dr Harvey on Kidneys, and Miss Preston on the Developement of the Foetus, illustrated with quantities of Papier Maché uteri opening and showing the Foetus inside- I hope it was not wrong, but at any rate I was punished for it. At the distance I sat one of them just at the age mine was, [-] looked so pretty to my eyes that I longed to see it closer. Mrs Kane offered to show me mine, but I had refused, because I was afraid it would be so utterly shapeless, and all these months I had so wished to believe and think of it, as of a very little baby, and when I saw this at a distance my eyes dimmed with joyful tears. It looked so pretty. And after the lecture I went up to the table on pretence of speaking to Miss Preston about the poor woman, really to look more closely at the little figure that I longed to steal. Perhaps it was morbid feeling and justly rebuked, but oh my heart sickened when I saw it. But that was only a figure. Oh darling little baby, Tom's baby that I would so love if you were alive now, I will never think of you as like that, only as you come in dreams, my own dream-child when your name is Hope, and you lie on my breast and look at me with Tom's eyes, I don't know whether a soul was appointed for you, but I long so to believe that I may see it in heaven, my darling. Miss Preston and Mrs Holles (the lady who told me she was studying for her daughter's sake) accompanied me to see the woman. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B26_F9_p028.jpg) Mr Sam Leiper dies who was staying with her sister, in a house up one of those archways in Miner Street. We entered from the door, directly into a small room where two untidy boys of fifteen or sixteen were lounging about, a swarm of children on the floor and a young woman sewing carpetbags. She asked us to walk up the narrow stair-case to her sister's (our patient) room. It was small but exceedingly clean, a new looking Ingrain carpet on the floor, a Venetian going across the room as a pathway, a nice counterpane on the bed, and nice mahogany furniture. Here we found her, stripped and examined her, and gave her two injections. In the midst Miss Preston turned to me – Mrs Kane, have you a child? — As usual I was building castles. I started blushed and nearly said Yes in my confusion, and then blurted out – No! After we left the woman's house I offered to take Miss Preston home, she looked so worn and weary. She demurred a little but consented in the end with a sort of sigh of relief. She lives a long way off, in Wood street, and so we had quite a conversation She told me that Mrs Holles was the widow of a clergyman. Then she asked me what countrywoman I was. I asked her why she had asked me if I had a child, being afraid that perhaps she thought I ought not to see such things. But she said "Only because I knew thee had been married some little time." So I said I had had a miscarriage, and she asked when, and "That makes me sorry for thee" and took my hand in her gentle little one, and held it the remainder of the drive. We did not talk much but when we parted, exchanged invitations to call. When I came home I found my own darling at home and in bed poor fellow, but he held me in his arms and kissed me. How happy I am when he is pleased with me, and kisses me so! He made me promise to drink some wine at dinner and by mistake I drank raw brandy. However I lay down and took my usual afternoon sleep so I and did not suffer from it. Friday Coming down stairs I found the shutters bowed. Mr Leiper January 17 had died in the night. I went over and sat a little while with Mother and then went off to Miss Preston's lecture. She was still on yesterday's subject, or rather on the Foetal circulation, and spoke it all at me so that I nearly laughed. After lecture she told me that the woman had gone to the country and had desired her to thank me for my kindness. Coming home I met my darling, who is now lying on the floor beside me reading, the paper so I shall leave off to get a kiss, before I dress for dinner. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B26_F9_p029.jpg) Judge Leiper at our house I have been worried and unhappy about what I saw on Thursday and so I got a little hysterical after dinner. At night I told my darling all, and he comforted me, and I cried myself to sleep in his arms. Saturday Tom did not let me go out this morning, and I lay in bed February 18 till twelve, and then I went over to Bess, and finished the Prometheus. My darling came home early and I finished the number of the "Newcomes" to him. Also I read, to please her, a novel called Woman's Friendship that poor Agnes brought to lend me. At tea-time I was told that old Judge Leiper would sleep here, and I expressed myself very unchristianly I am afraid though I don't remember what I said. If there were any excuse for me it was that my back ached, and I felt very weak, but I am afraid I was very cross. At any rate I hurt poor Tom's feelings, and when I felt ashamed, and went upstairs to get out soap, candles, etc and the key of the wine closet, intending to beg him not to be vexed I found he had gone next door. I went there, but found he was closeted with Mr Leiper, and as I found Tot reading to Bess, and Johnny Green to Mrs Kane, I came home to wait Mr Leiper's coming here, having conquered my bad feelings. I wrote to Walter and wrote this, but as it is growing late I am going over next door again. Sunday I closed my book last night, but just as I was going over met February 19 Tom and Mr Leiper, whom I welcomed as cordially as I could This morning I went with Charlotte to a Mr Cooper's church where we / were really hospitably treated, for a gentleman came forward at once and gave us a pew. In the evening Tot went over to read to Bess, and Tom went to the Post Office where he expected to return in ten minutes, so I waited, read my Bible and learned several pieces of poetry to say to him. He didn't come home till bed-time and then Mr L– came with him, but when we were up in our room I told him I had learned them and he made me repeat them, and said he liked them very much. Monday The day of Mr Sam Leiper's funeral, a howling snow February 20 storm tearing round the house, and moaning through the streets. Bess and I went to the house about eleven. Never having been to a funeral before I was nervously disposed to laugh when we were kept sitting in perfect silence for more than an hour before two short addresses were made. Then names being called out T. and I found ourselves in a carrriage ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B26_F9_p030.jpg) Mr Leiper's Funeral – Orlando Furioso – Miss Mowry on Infants with R. and H. Patterson who told me that poor Becky's baby is dying of convulsions. I am so sorry for her, to lose her little darling. Poor little Charley Leiper looked so sad and pretty and David Copperfieldish that I could have cried. — When the gentlemen left us to go into the church -yard, our horses took fright at a band, one of them, while kicking, got his leg over the traces and the people insisted on our getting out, and entering another of the carriages, much against the will of its elder occupant, the poor little Witch-Taylor. The driver was drunk too, and could scarcely be persuaded to take Helen home. Tuesday The snow lying very deep on the ground Tom stayed February 21 till one o'clock at home, working. Then, he went down town, and I trudged off to ask how Becky's baby was. Still alive I found, poor little darling. I thought I should have such a nice evening with Tom but he went out all the evening. I stayed over with the Judge and Mrs Kane. He gave me a handsome copy of Ariosto's Orlando Furioso in six volumes, and read Shakspere to me till half past eleven, so that I had a very pleasant evening, instead of the dull one I expected. I kept awake till I heard Tom come home so as to welcome him with a cheerful room and a pleasant face, my darling! Ten months married today! Wednesday Wakened early with by the Chimes ringing in Washington's February 22 birthday. I always feel when I hear him glorified, as though he were another Mrs Okill. At college they gave me several Platform Tickets for the Commencement on Saturday. Tom was out this evening too, so I missed reading to him, as I wanted. Ruth Mr Wharton paid an exceedingly long and quite pleasant visit. Bess was here. — Our lecture (the most interesting to me, I mean) was on the orgin of children's diseases. She spoke of the unnecessary use of powder as a preventive for excoriations of the infant's limbs saying that it was apt to absorb the secretion and then drying, to cake, and thus chafe the limbs. If positive excoriations had taken place the powder might be used, but it must be removed before it cakes. Better to anoint the part affected with Gouraud's Cerate or Lard or Tallow and lay over it two alot pieces of rag, one bandaging the limb, the other between it, and the sore place. On each of these must be placed enough of cerate, to enable them to slip past each other instead of rubbing on the part affected. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B26_F9_p031.jpg) Commencement Thursday Heard Miss Mowry's farewell lecture (No that's Friday, I have February 23 forgotten all about these two days, the fact is.) I only know that on Friday I heard Dr. Hussell's lecture in the afternoon, and Tom came for me, and we went home together. Thursday Mr Greeley came and stayed till Friday morning. Saturday Tom gave me this whole day. He came for me at 1/2 past 10 and February 25 we started off together, and arrived at the Musical Fund Hall in time. We found nearly all the people had arrived, and the committee room quite full. Miss Bates had on a gray dress and bonnet with pale blue ribbons next her face, a slight colour in her cheeks and being toned down by fright looked quite pretty and creditable. So also Minna Elliger whose eyes several times looked as if they were ready to start from her head with fright. She wore a black velvet cloak and hat and cherry ribbons and also looked nicely. Of the other two, Mrs Lusinda Brown and Lizzie Greenwood Shattuck, I had not been afraid. I introduced Tom to Miss Mowry and Miss Preston, and invited them to come to tea on Tuesday next. Mrs Arnold rushed forward, wanting an introduction but I avoided giving her any, till the end when she obtruded herself so that I could not help it. At length we formed in procession, and marched up towards the platform. As we drew near we could hear the music sounding and the clapping as the students appeared. When we were all seated, the four graduates at the right side of the platform, Mr Cleveland in the centre, and two clergymen, the secretary and an empty chair on the left. In the second row, the teachers on the right, then students (among whom Tom and I found ourselves, Tom behind Mr Cleveland) and students and their friends filling up the rest of the row and the platform behind; one of the gentlemen came up and insisted on Tom's coming front which he resisted for some time, on the plea that he wanted to stay by me. "Then bring Mrs Kane with you." "I am very comfortable here" says poor Tom. "Yes, but we want you in front" said the man, so away he had to go. Then Mr Bartine offered prayer, then came music. Then Mr Cleveland rose and in Latin, conferred their degrees upon the girls whose familiar names sounded so funnily, be-latinized– Lucindam Brown, Minnam Elliger Elizabetham H Bates, Elizabetham G Shattuck. The last had [printed card in middle of page] THIRD ANNUAL COMMENCEMENT OF THE Female Medical College OF PENNSYLVANIA, TO BE HELD IN THE MUSICAL FUND HALL, On Saturday, February 25, 1854, At 11 o'clock, A.M. PLATFORM TICKET. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B26_F9_p032.jpg) Commencement not arrived in time so Mrs Arnold stepped forward and personated her, very composedly. Then under the direction of Dean Johnson the four new doctors in the midst of great applause, traversed the platform and made their appearance among the audience. Then came the Hunters' Chorus, and Dr Harvey stood up to deliver the valedictory. He spoke low, and Mr Cleveland kept whispering into the hand, that Dr H. always holds behind his back, louder! louder! At last Dr H. turned with a face of such indignant remonstrance and mowed at him as if he could have expressed— "How the devil can I?" without speaking. I never saw it so plainly expressed, in all my life. It had the effect of silencing Mr C— but the poor fellow was tortured by ingenious applications of boot toes from the two clergymen, and had besides the mortification of seeing several people walk out. I left so sorry for him that I could not listen to his lecture. Tom said it was a capital one. Then came music again, a benediction and we dis- -persed. I intoduced Tom to the new doctors Bates and Elliger, kissed and congratulated Mrs Brown because she looked so friendless, and blessed Miss Shattuck in my heart. I did feel thankful to God for such a noble creature. Three years of close study over, she now goes as a missionary away to Birmah. God bless her, and make her happy! Then Tom introduced me to Mrs Lucretia Mott, and then he and I, as happy as two mortals well could be, started off to buy a mate for our dear little canary, but the man said she didn't need a mate, was better without etc. We were disappointed because we wanted him to have this an Anniversary. Then we tramped off to a green house for flowers to commemorate the day with, but not finding them there went to look for another. On our way we stopped at the Patterson's to ask after the baby. On the steps before entering. I said to Tom – I hope it isn't dead, poor little thing. It would cloud our Day. — Oh, said he, it must be better Today. Sure enough it was very much better. — Then we went to a greenhouse and chose a beautiful Heliotrope, a Catalonian Jessamine, and a Wall-Flower. — At Simes' we brought a pot of Pomatum that we needed, and two essences – New Mown Hay for Tot, and Sweet Pea for us. In the evening my boy's feelings were hurt, next door but I made him play on the piano, and presently ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B26_F9_p033.jpg) Commencement. the darling went over and apologised! Dear fellow I wasn't good enough to think he ought to do that, but he did it, and I was very glad. When we went to bed I said him to sleep with hymns. Sunday Read with Tot, then listened to Tom's singing part February 26 of the Stabat Mater. Talked over home affairs, began diary, dined, finished diary, read to myself and went to sleep on the sofa, slightly inclined to be indignant with Tom for going upstairs to speak with Pat. I received a lesson from the sequel. Poor Tom came into the room. Lying half awake on the sofa, I forgot my small pettishness and petted him, not knowing anything about what had happened. The poor fellow looked at me with such eyes, full of an expression I have only seen once before, and told me, that Pat and Johnny had been so rude to him. J— saying that he was mean. Mrs Kane had said that she didn't think harmony could exist be- -tween us, and that unless we would build a tower she wouldn't come to stay with us, and that we must sell to Judge Kane. As she well knew, we could not afford the tower, it was simply a cool turning us out. And I think it was a cruelly unkind thing to do to Tom whose first object in going there had been her happiness and who was so fond of the place. If I had not been angry at the treatment of my boy and a little bit hurt that they could not "live in harmony" with me, I should have been simply delighted at the (or with the) prospect of staying in Girard Street, being free from the load of debt, and not being mewed up in one room at F.R. I don't think I would have been so disagreeable to them as they thought, but as they thought it, I think it much better that we should part. I'm afraid they aren't quite so perfect as Tom thinks. — We went out walking, and decided on our part, I told Tom I didn't think it was honorable to the Judge to repurchase at a smaller price what he had sold for a greater, and that I thought we had better sell to any one else. Tom agreeing, told them so, and his mother said that he said that because he wanted to make a profit on the place. My poor boy came home late at night, heartsore and sick. I have thought it best to write all this down, that in closing the book I may put away with it all bitter feeling. Perhaps some explanation of this conduct ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B26_F9_p034.jpg) 05 Have a tea party – Mr Thomas dies may arise when I read this over some time hense. Monday Out all day. BK. wished us to come over and help February 27 entertain the Dunlaps in the evening. I felt a great disinclination to go, but my darling urged me, and I went. Tuesday Paid some visits, and entertained Miss Preston February 28 and Miss Mowry in the evening. Gave Mrs Kane a tidy I made for her. Commenced mats for Johnny to make myself feel kindly to them all. Wednesday Called on Miss Thompson, L. Mitchell, and the Dunlops March 1 to ask them to take tea with me tomorrow, and on S. Butler and Miss Scott to return visits. Went through downstairs closets with Agnes, through upstairs closets by myself, and arranged the store-room. In the evening wrote diary, and balanced accounts for the month. They were very satisfactory ones. Thursday Went down to Farrand's to order ice-cream for tonight, and stopped March 2nd at Lily Macalester's on my way. Arranged papers etc. Bell Thompson, Nanny Dunlap and Letitia Mitchell came to tea. Friday. Didn't feel very well so sat and sewed at a toilet cover and March 3rd finished one mat for Johnny. After tea went to hear an exceedingly stupid lecture from a Mr Park Benjamin. Saturday Mr Edward Davis paid us a very pleasant visit this morning March 4th and them Tom, Tot and I drove out to Fern Rock. Coming home sick I did not rise again till the morning. Tom went to hear Mr Benjamin, and afterwards tried to go out to see Mr Thomas but could find no conveyance. Sunday Tom started off very early for Mr Thomas's. The milkman March 5th said that there was no hope of his life this morning. Not being well didn't go to church this morning, but sat and read my Bible, Keble, Prayer and Hymnbooks. Received a note from Tom and sent him one. Wrote to Papa. Dined at the other house. Read to BK. Lay down to sleep. Waking up with a violent headache found Tom had come home. Monday H Wharton paid a visit of fearful length in the evening. Learned Tennyson's Sea Fairies surreptitiously under the table. Tuesday Tom and I went to hear Antoinette Brown's delightful Lecture on Woman's Rights. Went on the platform to be introduced. And called on her afterweards at Lucretia Mott's. Wednesday Spent all with Mrs Kane Thursday Mr Thomas died. My head ached so much this week that I have been good for nothing ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B26_F9_p035.jpg) Mr Thomas' Funeral – The Ravels. After leaving off school I have had such uneventful days that I Thursday have found nothing to write in my diary. Mr Thomas was March 16 buried on Monday. On Wednesday Evening Tom and I went to see the Ravels. We came in during a comedy, not acted by the Ravel troupe which was exactly like the comedies I saw at the little theatre in Chesnut street when I took Cousin M– there. The dresses were better, and the names were different, and the conversation, but there was the same portly hero with a stage "frank voice," the same old gentleman who, being the only respectable character in the play, is badgered accordingly by every one; the same two women, one an old fool, the other, a young compound of innocence, artfulness, simplicity and [--] wickedness — the stage heroine in short. These, with the comic villain, compound the dramatis personae. It was very tedious, but that over the Ravel company began their exhibition with rope-dancing. The two men pleased me. I liked to see their feats, as I like to see any exhibition of strength and agility, but the two female dancers gave me pain. Why will people cry out at women working in a respectable manner, and drive them to such trades as these? I saw a woman dressed in black, standing at the Museum entrance, in the shadow, waiting as I thought, for her husband, but Tom told me she was one of those poor creatures, so utterly lost in the present state of society. When women have more influence will they be more merciful, than they are now, and will they do something for these women to save them. I pray the Lord of the harvest to give me strength to be one of his laborers. Poor woman, I felt so sorry for her. — I think that, much as I enjoyed Mazulm – the pantomime, I ought not to go again, because I felt a little guilty at being there. I did not see anything immoral in it, as I did in the play, and, excluding the Tomb scene I would not object to bringing a chlid of mine to see it. At least I think so now, but perhaps if an immortal soul were committed to my care to lead towards heaven, the mother's heart would teach me differently. Oh how I long to have a child! but yet I can earnestly pray my Father not to grant me that blessing, unless my eyes are opened to discern good and evil, and to guard my darling from the evil — For myself, I felt, that my lamp was ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B26_F9_p036.jpg) My new pistol not trimmed and burning. I am a professed soldier of the King— and what was I doing for his cause? Oh that I were more earnest! — Friday. Yesterday Tom brought me a beautiful pistol home, with my March 17 maiden initials on it EDW. It was given me as a souvenir of this winter's medical studies. And he asked me to give him my daguerreotype in return. So this morning I went off to a place in Chesnut Street and had one taken. My darling was exceedingly delighted with it, and with my having procured it at once. This evening we spent at home. Charlotte and Tom sang together, while I worked. All the time I felt, with a sensation that sometimes gave me a thrill of delight sometimes a cold shudder; as if, on my breast, its head supported by my left arm, and its long white robes flowing down to the ground, lay an infant. I shut my eyes to keep up the delusion, it was so sweet. I told Tom at night, and he asked me if I had not been feeling more and more on that subject, and if nature was not prompting me to take care of my health, that I might have strength to bear a child some day. — Wednesday Dear, how time flies. I haven't had anything to put down of any March 29th consequence, and so everything trivial of the past twelve days has also slipped away, What have I been doing? — Have I put down that I wrote a six-page letter to Elisha? I have written to Papa until I succeeded in gaining his permission to have Nelly here. I was in a bad humour for two days because I could not bear to see poor Tom going out for nine hours hard work in the open air every day during this biting cold weather. I have finished one nightgown for Tom, and began another today. Nanny Dunlap showed me how to do Scotch embroidery for collars and I am going to try to make some. I have been out at Mrs Campbells, the Dunlap's and the Kanes, and I have had some of them to tea, and on Friday have them again. Thursday March 310 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B26_F9_p037.jpg) Judge's birthday— My first anniversary of our wedding Oh, I cannot keep this diary. Here is the 14th of April, and I have not written and have nothing to write now. Agnes has left me, and Helen and Charlotte are staying with me, that's all I can write today. —— April 20 This is Judge and Miss Kane's thirty-sixth wedding anniversary. They dine with us, and with Papa who is arrived already, to take the girls home. Sallie Butler came in to excuse herself from coming to our house tomorrow evening. She paid a long visit, and Papa was charmed with her, thinking her very like Libby Cross. — Our dinner was very messy and pleasant, the conversation chiefly on the Russo- Turkish war. After dinner we went over — after tea – I mean – to the other house where we found Lily Macalester, the "wee bird" of course, and Bob & Becky Patterson. Mrs Kane was giving an account of Djabal (?) her new waiter, and incidentally mentioned his asking her whether Helen was not her grand-daughter, and her having replied — "No Jabal, I am not so fortunate as to have a grand- -child." Every one coloured for me, and looked on the ground. — I asked Bob, Becky, and Helen Patterson to join us tomorrow. We separated quite late, Papa gave me two large books of engravings of scenes in Nassau, and a book of capital caricature pictures of the travels of "Messrs. Brown, Jones, and Robenson." It was so kind of him, dear fellow! Friday Tom woke me this morning with — "Our wedding day April 21 my own wife." And oh, what a happy year I have had! Far the happiest I have ever lived. Papa took Nell out to buy presents for the children at home. My eye had been inflamed, and having a cold too. I was quite knocked up, so after my house- -keeping I lay down to rest till eleven when we went out driving in an open carriage, Papa, Helen, Tom and I. Passing Laurel Hill, we drove along the Wissahickon to Germantown, and thence by Church and Green Lanes to Fern Rock where we wandered about some time, Tom surprising me with the sight of a half-built roadway. The place looked – I cannot describe but I can copy what Charles Dickens wrote of such a place as this may be, years hence, on such an April day as this. "Oh the solemn woods over which the light and shadow traveled swiftly, as if heavenly wings were sweeping on benignant errands through the summer air; the smooth ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B26_F9_p038.jpg) Fern Rock Genealogy green slopes, the glittering water, the garden where the flowers were so symmetrically arranged in clusters of the richest colours, how beautiful they looked! The house, with gable, and chimney, and tower and turret, and dark doorway and broad terrace-walk, turning among the balustrades of which, and lying heaped upon the vases, there was one great flush of roses seemed scarcely real in its light solidity, and in the peaceful hush that rested all around it. It seemed the pervading influence. On every thing house, garden, terrace, green slopes, water, old oaks, fern, moss, woods again, and far away across the openings in the prospect, to the distance lying wide before us with a purple bloom upon it, there seemed such undisturbed repose." Papa was so delighted with it all, and said he wished he could like live by the Wissahickon, and be free from business cares. Coming home we dined over the way. Then Tom & I who were sick and tired came home and took a nap from which we rose refreshed, and ready for our company, but first Tom told Papa of my studentship with which he seemed pleased. Then they talked over genealogical matters which Tom told me to remember, but which I have almost forgotten. Something there was of our descent from the Dennistouns of Dennistoun a small estate in – but at whose largest estate Camis Eskan on the Clyde a portrait hangs in the dining-room of Janet Muir of Rowallan their ancestress mother to the Bruce, whence their motto — "Kings come of us, not we of kings." How there had been a barony in the family until some two hundred years ago, when the last Lord Dennistoun of Dennistoun stabbed a man through who was entering the door of Cardross Kirk before him. How the barony had been taken from them, and how the Dennistoun of my great-grandfather's time instigated there - to by his wife resolved to sell Camis - Eskan. They hcould have paid off the debts on it and kept the place but having no children at the time they preparred selling it and spending the money. How their eldest son therefore was too How they offered it to my great - grandfather James Dennistoun of Golf Hill, who was too p unable to afford to buy it, but offered him £70,000 to go into the ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B26_F9_p039.jpg) Helen's bouquet — They go home market with, and how going into the market he disposed of it for £73,000 to Mr Campbell father of a clerk now in our office. How they then spent their money, and lived at Dennistoun. [---] their son stood opposite was an opposing [---] against John Dennistoun and their son was too poor to petition as he wished, for a renewal of their ancient title. Tracing the descent from the Dennistouns of Dennistoun (called by our Dennistouns D'Urbino from the present representative writing a memoir of the Dukes of Urbino) he spoke of "bonny Moll Findlay" of the Moss with whom his grandfather ran off, and of her tall father who could not stand upright beneath the threshold of the Moss, and whose thigh-bone my father found, (at his son's burial) and which was immensely long. — Now came our company, Lizzy, Letitia, Weir, Chapman and Ned Mitchell, Becky, Bob, and Helen Patterson, Harry Wharton, and the Kanes, Nelly received a bouquet which was supposed to be from H.W. but was discovered to have been sent, in his brother Ned's name by Weir. Robert and his sister sang, the children gathered in a group, the rest talked and laughed over the hours between seven and twelve. Lizzie and Tisch both pleased Papa, indeed he afterwards confessed that he had mentally conferred his blessing on Walter & herself as a future young couple—Then we had an oyster supper which every one seemed to enjoy, and after quite an affectionate parting between the girls we separated. Saturday After breakfast Papa, Tot, Helen and I drove off. Tom was April 22 to meet us at the boat, but was detained, so after seeing them off I walked home, saw Tom off on his road to Fern Rock, and then wrote a note to Mrs Wood, Then I was very lonely, the rest of the day Sunday A rainy morning. Read with Tom. Sang in the evening April 23 and missed the girls very very much. Monday Went out on an unsuccessful hunt for lodgings in April 24 the country, with Mrs Kane. In the evening Bob & Becky Patterson came in and stayed a couple of hours, and Becky told me Tom was to speak at some institution or other, the next day, so I made an agreement with her to go to hear him. However, after her departure, I thought it was perhaps not right to conceal it from Tom, and I began hinting ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B26_F9_p040.jpg) Fern Rock that I knew something which I would not tell him. Poor fellow, he mistook me, and was so disappointed, I shall never forget it, poor darling. Tuesday After paying some visits, took an early dinner & drove April 25 out to Fern Rock with Tom. It was intensely hot, and as I was tired and had a long time to wait there with nothing to do, I was thankful to start for home. Afterwards went to an intensely dull wedding. Wednesday Wrote a long letter to Tot, posted it, made visits April 26 and paid bills till dinner-time. After dinner sewed & read till my poor Tom came home so tired! His father came in and read aloud a long and quite interesting speech on Nebraska — After that we had a very pleasant time till we went to bed. Tom singing to me. Thursday Tom and I went out, this beautiful day, together, and April 27 when we reached Fern Rock, and looked at the improvements going on, I collected a heap of warm wrappers I had brought, and made a soft couch in the shallow of a tree-trunk where I lay and read till it was time to go home. I had a delightful time, my boy coming to exchange a word or two whenever he could. Then I came home, dined, read the paper, wrote my diary and am now going to offer my services to help Bess in her preparations for a little party this evening. — Bess did not need me and so I went to lie down. A dreadful squall came up, in which my poor Tom was caught. It continued all Friday and Saturday. Few of the ladies were at Bessie's party, but as all the gentlemen came, it was so much the pleasanter. Friday Tom went down to the office, and was at home the April 28 remainder of the day. In the evening he read Uvedale Price to me, while I sewed. Saturday A repetition of the day before. I finished my second April 29 nightgown for Tom, and commenced my second waist for myself. Sunday The day, at first stormy, showed symptoms of clearing towards April 30 church-time, and so I resolved to go. Tom and I had an argument about the religious education of children, a subject which used to make me very unhappy last summer. Now again, I felt so, and made my boy so. He said "It is well for us that we have no children." He went to get a pew for me, in St James' church, and I ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B26_F9_p041.jpg) Talk with Tom. May Party met him on his return. What a comfort it was to see how free and firm his step was, compared to this time last year. He passed us, Bessie was with me, and then I felt unhappy again. When I reached the church I prayed for comfort and guidance, and the beautiful service seemed so much more beautiful. Then came the text. "In all their afflictions He was afflicted — &c." And God did send me comfort. I felt I could trust him. After dinner I watched with the Judge for an hour, he is sick, and then lay down not being well. Tom went to see old Agnes, and I was dressed when he returned. I gave him his tea, and then he went over to the Judge, and I to bed. Bess came over and I read to her till bed-time, and then my darling and I talked over matters, and oh, what a comfort it was to both. Oh how dearly I love him, and how I thank God for the happy year I have passed, and all the love he has bestowed upon me. And may He enable me to fulfil my duty as a wife to my dearest friend. Ah how happy I am, and dear Tom, he is happy too, and so much stronger than last year. — Monday This Monday a year ago I commenced housekeeping. May 1 A very few days and I shall have balanced my books. I must decide for, or against continuing housekeeping – We have certainly spent more than I like, or think right this year, and I don't see my way to more economical proceedings in the next. I have been very busy sorting things, and have yet much to do. I must get some time today for study. — I don't remember what I did till Thursday May 4th. This was the anniversary of the Widow's May Party. Tom and I walked there, feeling very happy and ready to enjoy everything. We were welcomed as kindly as before, and enjoyed ourselves very well. After we returned home we went down town and bought the new number of "Newcomes" and after Tom had given Bess a music lesson read it till bed time. Friday Tom tells me to write down here that he went to each May 6 one of the family, asked them if they desired to sell Fern Rock, warning them that if they did now was the time when land had risen considerably in value. All said no. Then he told them they must make up their minds not to spoil Judge Kane's enjoyment of the plan by ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B26_F9_p042.jpg) Visit the Penitentiary grumbling at the expense of keeping it, or when land might go down in value, wishing it to be sold. To this they all agreed. Tom looked so sick and was so dispirited this morning that I determined to go out with him. So when his dear step toiled wearily up the stairs I ran down to meet him bonneted and shawled, and easily gained his leave. When we reached the toll-gate I found from the enquiries of the people there, what had partly caused his depression. One of the carts had fallen over the bank on a poor man below crushing him, as they at first supposed but it was found to amount only to a breakage of one bone. [Note on side] May 7 We hear he is doing well. Tom had carried him to the Hospital and had borrowed camphor from the people at the toll. I had a delightful morning gathering forget-me-nots, claytonias, violets, anemones, etc, and when I came in town I called upon the Elders. Coming home I found that Mrs Townsend had left a note for me. "Dear Mrs Kane Would thee like to visit the Eastern Penitentiary? I have access to the prisoners. If thee would, meet me at Dr Sharpless's. Arch bel. 13th before three o'clock. Thine aff. Mira Townsend." It was already 1/2 past 2. I bolted my dinner, and hurried to meet her. The omnibus only took us as far as Ridge Avenue, so we had some distance to walk. I felt quite heartsick when I came away. We went into the matron's room at first, which was a cheerful three- cornered one, the window wide open, sunlight streaming in, and the sweet breath of the lilacs penetrating even to the damp galleries beyond. The matron first took us to the cell of the prison baby. I had never been in a prison before, and when the dreadful iron grating was opened, felt somewhat of the reluctance one might feel in entering a wild beast's den. The cell didn't smell nicely either and gave me a headache. The mother came towards us with her eleven weeks old baby. How fond of it she seemed! A stupid, wheezing, unnoticing little creature, yet oh what an infinite comfort in her lonliness! Her term of imprisonment was nearly out, and she had been nearly a year there, yet in speaking of freedom she showed no elation, interrpreting herself to ask us to notice His eyes, His dear little arm. Our next visit was to a cell, spotlessly clean; the walls covered with little pictures, framed in colored papers with tinsel stars at the corners, book- -shelves hanging up, covered with fringed napkins, a little dressing stand, and all the dinner -tins also covered with fringed napkins, and the bedspread embroidered in every direction. A tall young woman with auburn hair and large hazel ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B26_F9_p043.jpg) Mary Welch eyes came toward us from the inner cell. Her face impressed me very favorably. Mrs Townsend took her hand and said "Well Mary you'll be out in less than a year won't you?" Poor woman what a change passed over her face! The tears rolled down her cheeks, and her bowed head, and whole trembling figure seemed to suffer. She could not speak but only made a motion with her hands. The matron explained, she had four years still to remain. Mrs Townsend was sorry, and she and a Miss Davis who had joined us tried to console her, saying it would soon pass, what a nice cell she had, and how glad she would be to see her boy. She seemed inconsolable. She said there was nothing more to do in her cell, and indeed it made me sad to see how painfully in its proper place everything was. They said that soon she, and the other women would be able to take their daily allowance of fresh air. She had not left her cell last summer, the matron said, she didn't seem to have heart enough left. So the ladies desisted, and fell to talking together. I felt very sorry, and tried to comfort her, and just said a little prayer, and it all became clear. I went over and sat down in the far end of the cell with her, and began asking her the subjects of the pictures that decorated her cell, and showing her how in landscape pictures I always fancied what lay beyond, and then I asked her if she could read, and said to her how much time she must have now to think and plan for her boy, to make him a good man. And I said how much better it was in this country than others, because here if a boy's mother would only be a good one to him, and teach him right things while he was young; there were schools here, and he could without doubt grow up to be an educated and good man. I tried not to preach to her but to speak what I felt, for somehow I was fancying how I would feel in her place, and the dear dream-baby that I have in sleep, made my heart full. The poor woman's eyes dried and she told me all about her boy, in Hamilton Village and how he was at the Public School. Then we talked about her work, and she brought me out a patchwork counterpane made in such small patterns that they showed a prisoner's elaboration and I could hardly bear to see it. I invented on the spot several plans for her card baskets with an ease that astonished myself and at her request promised to bring her some silk to make me a work basket or pincushion. When we rose to go away, she touched the skirt of my dress and begged me so humbly, and earnestly to take one of her pincushions that I did so. – Two or three times afterwards in passing her cell the door of which was still open I saw her watching for me, and I left her seeming quite happy. They told us that there was a petition before the governor for her ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B26_F9_p044.jpg) Fern Rock freedom. — The next prisoner was one whose face had more cleverness. Her face cell was clean enough, though untidy, but her voluble protestations of innocence, restless eyes, and bad expression made me feel no sympathy at all for her. I wonder how it was, that the other [--]on so upon me. Though convicted of a cruel crime (throwing vitriol in the face of a man who had deserted and slandered her friend) I seemed to forget it, and just to be interested in her, while the other one who only picked pockets and was in for a much shorter time was very repulsive to me. It wasn't that she was a mother for the other was so too. It wasn't her ingenuity for the thief was much more ingenious. I must ask Tom. I arrived at home just as Tom did, for I had seen him driving behind for a long way. He passed us, and then I got out and ran after him. He was much pleased at my having seen the Penitentiary for which I paid with a severe headache. Saturday Wrote a long letter to Cousin Margaret, added accounts, visited April 6 Julia Powel, Sallie Butler and Cousin Mary Gray, and sewed till Tom came home. This was his last day at Fern Rock and we were so happy. Sunday Went to church, and had a sweet Sunday. The Judge over April 7 persuaded Tom to go out on Monday. Mrs Judge and Bess Kane went to church in the evening, and Tom was singing to me alone, when Pat came in, in very low spirits. It comforted him to have us, and he made an arrangement to go with Tom to Fern Rock tomorrow. Monday After Tom went. I went to market & to get a bottle filled with camphor April 8 for him to take out to the toll gate people, and it struck me that I would go too to F.R. So I intend to start in an hour G.W. — Well, I dined, hastened off to the cars, where I met Pat and Johnnie Green and we arrived at Dewey's Lane where we found no carriage waiting. It was a beautiful day. A very refreshing breeze was blowing, so we resolved to walk, and had proceeded about half a mile when Tom met us in the carriage. We wandered about the place. Johnnie and I planting periwinkles around the stumps, and scampering about after Tom, Pat lying lazily on the rocks, smoking. I had provided an apology for a dinner for Pat and Tom, and with the unexpected addition to our party it was a but a sorry one. However a bottle of champagne "cooled within the gleaming wave" made up for all deficiencies; I sat sewing while they ate. Poor Tom was dreadfully agueish, and when we returned he had to lay his poor aching head on my breast. Pat drove us in, and we then had a nice tea waiting for us. The Judge came in as usual when we were half through and made my poor ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B26_F9_p045.jpg) 40 Tom finishes his work at Fern Rock sick Tom talk himself quite hoarse. Tuesday The first day that I have had with my poor boy, except two very Apr May 9 sick ones, for months. He was so unwell today that he could not go with me as he had intended, to a party at Mrs McKean's. I walked down to the office with him, and then went to the Library to get a book out, which was refused, as they said we had three out (Pat had them I found) and I went away with my face in a flame. I was very tired by the time I got home. I then went out and sewed till I nearly fell asleep, and then I copied one of the diagrams in my Physiology. Tom came home and hurried his dressing, as he had a made at the Judge's request a mem- -orandum of what things were to be done out at Fern Rock. The Judge was at dinner and refused to listen to Tom, assigning that as his reason, and supposing that Tom had brought over the account of his work at FR. He never remembered how my boy had gone without his dinner for two months and more for him, and forgot how he never lets him take his tea in comfort when he does get home. Tom was very much hurt, and quite dispirited. The rest of the family went out there, we took our nap, went to see Cousin Mary Gray who is sick, came home and took our tea. Bess came home with a glowing account of her father's delight and he came over and seemed pleased too. Poor Tom forgot his feelings and the Judge stayed and stayed till half past ten, and would have stayed longer if I hadn't given him a pretty broad hint that I wanted to go to bed. Tom had brought the last Newcome and Uvedale Price, and we had expected to be able to have a pleasant evening to ourselves, but I was quite pleased to give it up so as to let Tom have the satisfaction of hearing his work praised. Wednesday Tom and I took a little walk between prayers and breakfast, and then May 10 he, though I begged he would not, ran over to see his father. His face was clouded when he came back though he said nothing was wrong, but I found out his father had told him that he had just made work, and had commenced things which it would cost a thousand or fifteen hundred dollasrs to finish. I told Tom he must excuse his father because he was neuralgic and cross, but I do think the family are the most ungrateful creatures! I used to be afraid that my dear people would stand an unfavorably comparison with these, but indeed they have come out well. They are as grateful as can be, for the least things and certainly don't take exceptions at what is done for them. I am going to write to Tot now. Well, the Judge came over in the evening, and he abused all poor Tom's work, and Tom in defending himself criticised his; till the Judge went away quite angry. Then Tom was sorry and ran over to apologize but after an hour and a half absence returned, having failed ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B26_F9_p046.jpg) Musical Fund Concert — My birthday in making up. In the morning he went over again and partly succeeded. The fact was, that the Judge wanted Tom to go there and superintend and was disappointed in not succeeding. Thursday Yesterday letters came from Tot and Walter, in one of which it was May 11 mentioned that my dear Nell's cough was worse, and the doctor said "It must be attended to immediately." So I wrote to beg Walter to bring her on next Thursday. Then I sewed, finishing my collar, then drew some diagrams, called on Lucretia Mott, Mrs McKean, and Hamlet's aunt Mrs Bohlen. Tom came home with a stiffened knee (he hurt it at Fern Rock) having made it worse by walking and saving his omnibus money so as to present me with some oranges. His father came home in a sweet good humor having bought tickets for us to for the Musical Fund Concert. Poor Pat too brought over some books which he left with me, and whether he intended them as a present to me or no, neither Tom nor I could tell. At any rate his intention was kind. Wherefore, I feel ashamed of what I wrote under date May 10. but leave it written, as I shall feel more ashamed still some future time, so I always do when I behave badly. We went to the concert, and to Parkinson's afterward. The thought struck me that I would copy and my letters and Tom's during our engagement as a coll connecting link between "Mary Dennistoun" and this. Friday My eighteenth birthday. What changes since my last, and oh how thankful May 12 I should be for the happiness I have had. I have improved in strength, in loving, and I have learned many things I hope. May God watch over this year! Keep me loving Christ above all, and my neighbour as myself. God bless dear Tom and make me a faithful wife to him, making me love his family and mine, and may He draw all our hearts together. If either of us die within the year oh grant that we may be re-united soon in Heaven. I pray the Redeemer to save us! Amen! — I had just dressed for dinner when I heard that Mrs Leiper was down stairs (Aunt Mary) She brought me "Cummings on the Apocalypse" as a birthday present. Tom gave me the beautiful gold pen and pencil case with which I am now writing, dear Papa and Tot sent two delightful letters, and Papa's said he had subscribed for "Blackwood and the Four Reviews" for me; while Tot enclosed a handsome ribbon. We dined John and Pat quite gleefully, and Tom had ordered a wagon for a drive. We took Bess and the Judge as far as Branchtown, and then we went up the York Road across the township line dividing Philadelphia and Montgomery Counties, and home by Germantown. We had a delightful drive. In the evening I finished reading "Evangeline" to Bess. This was the happiest birthday I ever spent. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B26_F9_p047.jpg) Pleasant Sunday — Household employments May 13th I tidied our rooms, brought my summer set of books upstairs, 1854 and hearing that there were flowers in market, bought and arranged some in our rooms, lilacs in mine, lilies of the valley in Tom's. He tried to get them for me yesterday in vain, dear fellow. Tom was delighted with them. He didn't feel well poor boy. We called on Lizzie Mitchell in the evening, and gave her Elisha's book, with which she was delighted. Also on Mrs Constable, at whose house we had a most amusing conversation; and on Cousin Mary Gray. Then we took an ice at Burns' and so home. May 14th It rained all the morning so I stayed at home with Tom Sunday and we had a very pleasant time. We read Barnes' Notes on Job, where he speaks of the characteristics of Hebrew Poetry, and one of Arnolds' Rugby School Sermons on the text "And a man's foes shall be they of his own household," Tom sang to me "Therefore with angels and archangels," and "Glorious things of thee are spoken," etc. Then we talked over our prospects, and tried to determine whether we ought to continue housekeeping or no. May 15 Went to the school with Bess. After my return Johnnie Monday talked with me till just before Tom came home, so that I had no time to study. Poor Tom had a dreadful headache, and so he had to lie down nearly all the rest of the day. May 16 Poor Tom had such a restless night that I persuaded Tuesday him to lie in bed till prayers-time. After breakfast put down accounts, wrote diary. and a very long letter to Maggie Jones. Then I dressed myself and sat down to study. Aunt Alida came in, and Tom just after her. He lay down till near dinner time while I sat and studied beside him. Dined over the way as it was the Judge's birthday and had a very pleasant time. After dinner Tom lay down again and I sat by him while he slept. After tea he went up to write and I over the way to offer my services in a reading capacity to Bess. She was out so I read to her mother. Tom read my letter and liked it. May 17 A dull drizzling day. Read to Tom till he went to the office, Wednesday trained some shoots of ivy up the window, re-arranged my flowers, wrote diary and accounts, put both rooms in order, mended my stockings, tacked a new collar on my embroidery oiled cloth, and sewed at my jacket. Then I took my bath and dressed, and sat down to my Physiology which I read for a quarter of an hour and then, falling asleep must have slept a whole hour. Then I went down and dressed the salad, during which time Tom came in. No letters! While Tom was taking the bath the Judge came up to ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B26_F9_p048.jpg) The Montmorencis his room and asked me to go out to Fern Rock, as the sun was shining. I would have refused for I hated to go, but Tom had told me that the Judge had already asked him and he had refused. So to prevent his asking Tom again, I went. The Judge was in a delightful talking humour, and told me the following story. "During the French Revolution some members of the ancient family of Montmorenci fled to Guadaloupe, where they prospered and grew very rich. In the earthquake, several years ago, the greater part of their estates were destroyed, and they emigrated to Baltimore. They were three brothers, two of whom had large families; one of them dying, the others adopted his children, and placed them under the care of the Arch-bishop of New Orleans. All the children were sent to the most expensive schools, and the parents, though retrenching their expenses and believing themselves very economical, lived at a rate far beyond their means. Their small income came from the remaining portion of their Guadaloupe estate, and becoming embarrassed in circumstances, and there being some delay in their remittances they forged the name of their factor. They still retained a character for the highest integrity, and when the money arrived paid up every cent which they could reach. Unfortunately, a bill for $800 remained in the hands of a bank which considered it a duty to prosecute. The elder brother was arrested under a false name, and imprisoned in the Moyamensing Prison. A man used to visit him frequently, with a false beard and moustache. He was arrested and discovered to be the other brother. Their attorney wrote told them to confide in the Judge, and the wife wrote many touching letters to him and with the children came to his house and threw herself on her knees before him. The brothers said, it was not the punishment they feared, but the stain on the name, and on the children's fortunes. They begged the Judge to allow the elder brother 48 hours absence, on his honour as a gentleman he would then return. Meanwhile he would go to Baltimore, appear on "Charge say that business took him to Paris, and that his wife and children would follow in the autumn. Then his imprisonment could be borne. — No, the Judge could not allow that, but he gave orders that no one should be admitted to their cells. Choosing a Saturday at half past one when the Court Room was quite empty he had them driven up in a close carriage, arraigned and sentenced to nine months imprisonment ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B26_F9_p049.jpg) Household employments which ended in four days. Their passage had been taken, and in a week they were on the sea bound to France." When we reached Fern Rock it was rather difficult to feel rightly. However I did succeed. Coming home I found dear Tom had tea ready for me He had been out and bought cake himself. After tea he sang to me awhile, and then he wrote and I studied till bed-time. Thursday Tidied my room, mended my frock, put down accounts May 18 wrote diary, bathed, studied, read the paper, dined, slept, had a delightful walk over Fairmount with Tom. (I forgot to put down, went to Mme Motte's and Baileys, read aloud to Mrs Kane, and went to bed. Friday Put down accounts, tidied room, wrote diary, went to the school with May 19 Bess, and had a pleasant walk and a pleasant visit, bathed, read the paper dined, slept, studied, took tea, read aloud to Mrs Kane and studied till bed-time. Saturday Tom had such a headache that he lay in bed till half past seven. I May 20 read prayers, went to market and bought some flowers to decorate the mantel-piece, and some radishes for his breakfast. After breakfast read him Elia's essay on Old China, put down accounts, wrote to Tot, called on Cousin M Gray, paid Souder, Burns, Englebert, Gillingham and Bottner, all my outstanding debts in fact, took a bath, and sewed till Tom came home bringing me the news that Mr Hamilton had come to him in need of money, and that to earn his five dollars he was to make a sketch of Whitby Hall. We drove him there and when his sketch was finished, came back for him taking a most exquisite drive in the meanwhile Sunday As it poured in the morning I stayed at home. Tom and I read a May 21. chapters (the VIII of St John) the Keble for the day, one of Arnold's Sermons and some of Barnes notes on Job. In the afternoon got into a scrape, took tea over the way, talked and sang hymns till bed-time. — Thirteen months married. Monday Walked to the school with Bess and began giving the children May 22 gymnastic exercises till they grew too delighted to be continued. Copied one of Mrs Whitman's poems for Bess. Dined washed the Judge's chain, and took a quiet refreshing sleep. After tea went to the academy where we spent three hours Hamilton's pictures by far the best. Tuesday Wrote a letter to Papa describing the Exhibition. Spent the May 23 day delightfully at Whitby talking to old Mrs Thomas. Whitby sees its hundredth summer this June. Mrs Kane was with us. How delightful it is to see the attach- -ment of that family, one for another. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B26_F9_p050.jpg) Long walk — Odd thankfulness Wednesday Recopie Copied my letter to Papa as it was dreadfully written, put May 24 down accounts, wrote diary, read Physiology aloud to Bess, in which occupation Johnny very nearly caught us. At twelve dressed and called on Cousin Mary Gray. I found a young Miss Grubb there, evidently spending the day, and finding it supremely dull. Then I called on the Pattersons, Louisa Helen and Becky. They were all talking about the children there which set me dreaming as usual. After dinner Tom and I set off to go to Parry and Randolph's and missing the right omnibus had a long but not unpleasant walk. After tea, to which Bess contributed a saucer of the first strawberries of the season. Tom began reading in this book about my visit to the Penitentiary. May 6. Then Mrs Kane Bess and the Judge came in and talked till bed-time. I was very dull thinking of last July and so was dear Tom. Thursday Looked all through the Flora for the name of a May 25. flower, darned, mended built dismal castles in the air, wrote diary, and went over to sit with Mrs Kane and sew till dinner-time. Chancing to yawn frequently, I apologised by telling her I was short-winded. "Don't you feel well?" "Oh perfectly." "Are you in the family-way?" No. "You haven't been at all since last summer?" No. "Are you ever going to be?" I don't know. "Well I suppose it is best for you, as you're so weak, and it's the Lord's will. You ought to be thankful, at least this summer." This amusing piece of gratitude, I could not help repeating to Tom who was delighted with it. After my nap, Tom was resolved to be good & write, so I told him I would be good and sew downstairs, which I did to tease him. Judge Kane carried me off to tea over there, and he and Mrs Kane were exceedingly pleasant and affectionate. Sewed all the evening. I wish they and dear Tom woulnd't flatter me as they do. Little as I feel that I deserve it, I am sensible that it renders me conceited. I am afraid the only way to cure me will be to catch myself doing something exceedingly foolish. Friday Today comes an eclipse at 1/4 past four. May 26 Took a walk with Tom before breakfast. Afterwards went down to the school, sewed, wrote diary, put rooms in order for the Judge and a Mr Van Rensselaer who are coming here to stay. Read phsiology to Bess Tom and I have determined in our own minds, that we ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B26_F9_p051.jpg) 45 Castle in the air — Mrs Schuyler cannot afford to live in Girard Street very well. Our plan is, to remain here till next summer when the North Pennsylvania Rail Road will be in operation, we hope. And then, we hope (there is a great deal left to "we hope") that perhaps Mr Churchman will build some cottages likely to suit us, or Edward Davis up on Chelten Hill, or some high up place. Just a little cottage with a very little ground about it. I fancy, but I fear that wouldn't come within our means. On the first floor, a servant's [diagram of described house, with rooms labeled] room, kitchen, shed, dining room, and a drawing room, and four rooms upstairs, and a piazza on two sides of the house. That is not so likely as my other plan which has merely one small parlor, a dining room and kitchen below two rooms on the second floor and two garretish rooms. But I must have a piazza and part of my small grounds laid out in a grass plot and just enough room for flowers that I and, my children perhaps, may tend. If there are no trees we can plant a few, and it will be so much healthier than living in town. I want to see Wilson's house on Russel Smith's place Rock Farm. I wonder if it is not the size for us. I had a long and delightful letter from Papa today. Slept through the eclipse, and feeling very refreshed went over and spent a pleasant enough evening with the Judge. Frid Was up early. Went down to the school with Tom, but Saturday found none of the children there. I asked Tom if he May 27 had not noticed that I was growing conceited, and he said yes. Read Phsiology to Bess, put down accounts, wrote diary, got cake for Mrs Kane, and went over to welcome Mrs Schuyler, the Judge's aunt, and her daughter Angelica. We took tea there. Sunday Tom and I read a capital sermon of Arnold's on "Be ye not May 28 unwise but understanding what the will of the Lord is." And at church Dr. Norton gave a very interesting explanation of "It is expedient for you that I go away." I took old Mrs I. with me. She told me about some nephew of her who came home to die with her, the fifth of his family who fell a victim to the climate of N. Orleans. In church she saw an old lady, aunt to Harry Wharton whose mother Miss Governeur was the most intimate friend of the Judge's mother at. In the evening she talked about Aunt Morris, and said that when she was a reigning beauty she used to take Mrs I. then a girl of 14 to assemblies with her. They used to wear their hair powdered with pink powder. I tried to make her talk of the Judge's mother in ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B26_F9_p052.jpg) Castles in the air — destroyed vain. Of my grandmother Mrs John Kane, she spoke, as a very beautiful delicate languishing beauty. (She became a notable woman, her children disliked her, and Emily ran away, at the age of fourteen with Mr Lawrence, John and Oliver were completely ruined. Of them all my mother was the only one who possessed real worth.) Poor Tom was sick and went to bed early, and I sat awhile with him before I went to bed. Monday Read to Bess, talked to Mrs S. wrote diary, studied Physiology May 29 and picked strawberries for Bess, while I repeated to her the substance of what I had been reading. Yesterday evening and today I have had a very bad headache. Dined over the way, and escorted Mrs and Miss Schuyler to the Jersey City train. Walked about in Camden, had a pleasant sail across the Delaware, and a pleasant drive home with my boy. We were quietly at tea, when Mrs Kane peeped in and we made her take a cup with us. Then Tom went over and gave Bess a singing lesson, while I talked Fugitive Slave Law with the poor Judge whom the papers attack asa second Jeffries. Tuesday Read to Bess, walked down to Chesnut below Eighth to shop, May 30 wrote diary, and to Tot. Tom, poor fellow begins to build castles-in-the-air. I confess I built them too. And in the after- -noon came in the GW. Oh how happy we were! In the evening while I read to Bessie the letters danced before me. In the middle of the night I was quite ill but I lay as still as I could not wishing to wake my poor poor boy. At last it turned out that he was lying awake too, so he petted me, and put me to sleep. Wednesday As I did not feel at all well, Tom made me lie a bed, where I May 31 balanced my books for the month, wrote diary, and wrote to Tot. I hope I shall be able to cheer my poor boy, and remember that I prayed. "Thy will be done." I know it is all for the best. Dear Tom brought me home a volume of Littell's Living Age to amuse myself with. I got up, and dressed for dinner feeling as if I had been sick a fortnight, and after dinner lay down and read while Tom slept. We took tea quietly, and spent the evening discussing the chances of a war with Cuba. He was trying to make me believe the war was a justifiable one, and only succeeded in showing me, that by shutting one's eyes steadfastly to the evident object of the Americans; in this as (I think) in everything else, their own interest; honorable men like my darling may believe it to be justifiable. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B26_F9_p053.jpg) Mr. Greig Fox's bouquet Thursday Mrs. Kane came home from Aunt Anne's. I was to have gone June 1 with Tom to call on the Greig's (some people from Canandaigua) but we agreed it would be better for me to go with her. So having dressed, I waited nearly an hour, until she found out that she couldn't go. So I tarted upstairs, and put away my things, only to be sent for again. Mrs Kane wanted me to go by myself & leave a message immediately. So I made my third journey up and downstairs, and walked down Chesnut Street in a pretty bad humor. I scolded myself out of it by the time I reached the Girard House, where I found only the old gentleman, the ladies not having arrived. Walking home I found Mrs Kane was at the Asylum and after resting a few minutes, I started off in an omnibus, and went there. Coming home I got into the right omnibus, but being in a brown study never noticed it till I found myself near Fairmount. Getting out I lost myself completely and had a tedious walk home. I had to spend the evening next door so I was pretty tired when I reached home. bed. Friday We, Mrs Kane, Johnny Green, and Bessies started off early for June 2 their new cottage. Johnnie and I drove alternately. I was delighted with it. Fancy the house of the Miller's Daughter, and you have it. If it is quite healthy it would suit me capitally for winter and summer both. Dined next door. Mr William Leiper drunk persisted in saying tactless things which spoiled all pleasure. Read "Newcomes" aloud in the evening, and I forgot to say called on Mrs Bigler when I returned from the country. Saturday Put down accounts. Wrote diary, wrote to Tot, mended shirts, and June 3 read the papers. My head aching a good deal I lay on the sofa all the evening, and my boy read Mr Seward's speech on the Nebraska Bill. Sunday Fox, Mrs Kane's late waiter called early this morning, and June 4 left a beautiful bunch of flowers for me. Dr Morton's sermon was as good as usual. He took the miraculous gift of tongues; the day being Whitsunday, as his subject, and said how the Spirit came to us in these days. I walked a little with dear Tom in Centre Square in the evening, and then we peeped at my ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B26_F9_p054.jpg) Vivisection diary of this day last year, but we soon shut the book. It made us sad for I wrote about the feelings I had then, about the dear baby that never came. Indeed I know it is all for the best, but I am foolish about it sometimes. — My boy had to go out, and in looking over some papers I took out together, two daguerreotypes, mine, taken for Tom the other day; and a daguerreotype of miniature of Mamma taken when she was nineteen, a year older than I am. Oh how different, and what a falling off in the daughter! Mamma's face sparkling with kindly humor, and with such a refined set of features looking light from their harmonising so well. Mine heavy, out of proportion, and with no play of expression. The large mouth and nose and projecting jaws entirely banishing the little light gray eyes. Ugh how ugly I am! I hope my children will look like her and not like me. Monday June 5. Heigho! We have overdrawn our balance at the bank, and I find my poor boy has been worrying and never told me. He has to go on to Washington on Wednesday to try to obtain the money due to him there. Poor fellow! I wish I could earn money for him but alas I only spend it, spend, spend, spend. I walked down a few squares with Tom this morning, and then went to do some necessary shopping. I ordered my dress and boots at cheap places, and I resolved to do without another dress and without a stool in my pew — until these calamities be overpast. — I am studying an intensely interesting part of the Physiology, though it is exceedingly hard to understand – the Encephalon consisting of the Medulla Oblongata, Pons Varolii or Mess Cephalon, Cerebrum, and Cerebellum. I have been hard at work with my cerebrum(?) for two hours, and hate to leave it, but I must express a feeling, I often have. Is it possible, I feel myself thinking, that these experiments on living animals are justifiable in the sight of the Creator? Can any knowledge, gained though it may be for useful purposes, be rightly stained by the torture of innocent creatures neither themselves nor their species having any benefit from such knowledge? And even supposing that future hares' or rabbits' diseases could be or would be, cured by the skill resulting from infomation derived from experiments such as the following, are doctors justified in torturing the present rabbits for the general benefit of living creatures. To me it seems like the annexation of Cuba. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B26_F9_p055.jpg) Vivisection Now let me copy this passage, by no means so revolting as many I have read in the few pages I have studied in the book. It is on the Physiology of the Cerebellum. "Flourens, whose experiments have been abundantly confirmed by those of Bouillaud, Longet, and others, extirpated the cerebellum in birds by successive layers. Feebleness and want of harmony of the movements were the consequence of removing the super- -ficial layers. When he reached the middle layers, the birds became restless without being convulsed; their movements were violent and irregular, but their sight and hearing were perfect. By the time that the last portion of the organ was cut away, the animals had entirely lost the powers of springing, flying, walking, standing, and preserving their equilibrium. When an animal in this state was laid upon its back, it could not recover its former posture; but it fluttered its wings, and did not lie in a state of stupor; it saw the blow which threatened it, and endeavored to avoid it. Volition, sensation, and memory, therefore, were not lost, but merely the faculty of combining the actions of the muscles; and the endeavors of the animal to maintain its balance were like those of the drunken man. — The experiments afforded the same results when repeated on all classes of animals, and "— Messieurs Flourens, Bouillaud, Longet and others, that suffices I thank you. And here we have "Societies for the Prevention of Cruelty to animals," "Humane Societies," outcries at the barbarities of slaveholders, omnibus-drivers, murderers who kill at a blow etc, and yet the Professors of Vivisection walk untouched and the results of their experiments, are printed, and I read them. Yes I, who shrink from the pages of a bad novel lest it should harm my moral tone, read Ithank God, not without a shudder as yet. Fancy my pretty canary, or the night-hawk whose circling flight Tom and I watch for at night, laid on its back. "It could not," says the writer "recover its posture; but it fluttered its wings, and did not lie in a state of stupor; it saw the blow which threatened it and endeavored to avoid it." What a bright idea M. Flourens! To pretend to strike it, that you might have sure proof that the "removal of the cerebellum in successive layers" had not ended the helpless victim's agony, and that "vision, sense, and memory were not lost." See the playfulness of that last allusion to the efforts of a drunken man to preserve his balance. And Sterne wrote over a dead donkey! ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B26_F9_p056.jpg) Tom goes to Washington I studied for three hours, and then read Uvedale Price on the Picturesque till five o'clock, when Tom not making his appearance, I dined. Then I went upstairs and dressed nicely to welcome him, and gave him a good tea when he did come. So tired poor weary pet, but he had earned money enough to set all right in bank and repay his journey to Washington. The Judge took tea with us, and talked of Fern Rock all the evening. Tuesday Tom went away early, and I became very lonely for he is not June 6 to return till eleven o'clock this evening so I set to work upstairs [-]ipped dresses etc, wrote to Tot, wrote diary, studied, and read Littell's Living age. Then I wrote a note to my boy, just telling him how I loved him, to read when he went away. And then I put out clothes ready for him to pack, mended some shirts and stockings for him and dressed for the evening — a very dull one, spent at Mrs Mitchell's I persuaded my boy not to go till Thursday. Wednesday A happy day, for my boy was with me from two June 7 o'clock. I was very busy till then making my first essay in preserving. Thursday My darling left me early this morning. Well for me the June 8 carpenter who had been at work about the school was there and I had to conquer my feelings and not cry. I turned to work immediately, put away my preserves, drawing a crest as much like Tom's as I could, on the shield-shaped labels I put on the bottles. Then I read then I went to the dressmakers', then to Mrs Mitchell's then to a woman whom I hired to do some more preserves for me, then read till dinner. Put down accounts, wrote diary, and after dinner read the papers, bathed and dressed in my new blue dress, wishing that the one whose dear eyes I cared to please, were with me. Bess had Lizzie, Letitia, Miss Jeffries, another Miss Mitchell, her brother, Weir, and H Wharton. For my own darling's sake I exerted myself to talk, and had a very pleasant evening. Before I went to meet the young ladies I went and had a long talk with the Judge, and was astonished to find my eyes suddenly filled with tears, and my voice trembling, just because I had some little qu thing to say about Tom. God bless him! I slept with Bess. Friday June 9 This day week I must remember to go to Gardette's. I would go twice as often to Parmley's in preference. Went to the dressmaker, then with Bess to the school where I worked till I was hoarse. I made twelve boys go through various exercises, swinging and clapping the arms hands and legs in unison, changing from one foot to another in jumping, made them while resting from exercising their arms use fold them like miniature Napoleons, chalked footrests and taking them two by two made or tried to make them ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B26_F9_p057.jpg) Drilling the school-children keep step, I told them that I was their captain, and showed them how to salute me, and that they were my soldiers. Then I tried to make them face, wheel etc, but I must make out a regular order of exercises. Remembering what my precious dear darling told me, I tried to make them feel their exercises to be as manly as possible, and the girls as womanly. I took six girls, and where I made the boys fold this arms, I made them hold their skirts, and told them that I learned these exercises when I was learning to dance. The girls I made swing their arms, clap hands, jump, changing feet, sway from one leg to another, ksip behind me, and make the slide exercise of a curtesy. I must remember to write out an order of exercises. Then returning, Bess stopped at Vogel's and I bought a handsome but expensive set of lace for the sake of pleasing my boy when he should return. And what was my reward? Oh so unexpected, so delightful a letter from Baltimore where he deserted the dinner table to write to me, and a despatch from Washington saying he hoped to be home Saturday night. My darling! It is beginning to cloud over, and though I promised his mother to go to Fisher's Lane with her, I don't think we shall go. Well we went, and I had quite a pleasant time. Of course I did not think at all of my sweet boy. After tea I read aloud the Newcomes to Bessie till bed time when I received another darling letter from my boy. Saturday Here have I been wasting money, and a note comes from poor June 10 Tom, saying that he cannot get paid – the treasury is out of funds. I made up the lace sleeves I bought, and was at the school, and wrote to Tot, from whom I had a letter. In the evening read Newcomes to Bess and Littell's Living Age to myself. I was very lonely, missing my darling boy, especially as his dispirited note told me he could not return before Monday. Sunday This morning while Bess and I were dressing, some one knocked at June 11 the door, and Bess asked me to open it. I was still more undressed than she, but did as I was bid, and — who should it be but my darling. To be sure I hurried to finish my my dressing, and meet him downstairs. He walked to church with me, and we had a delightful, happy day, Tot asks me in her letter, if I keep my motives for doing right–pure? Ah how impure they are I hardly think whether God wishes a thing, only Tom. God help me to do right. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B26_F9_p058.jpg) Poor Dr Patterson Monday I went down to the school with Bess, and we drilled twenty-four June 12 children, in four sets. This keps us till dismissing-time, and we reached home at 12. I wrote, and read till Tom came home, and after my after-dinner nap went with Bess to the dressmaker's, Cousin Mary Gray's and the Pattersons, where poor Doctor Patterson has been lying, a senseless breathing mass for two weeks. I sat in the dining-room whose walls were covered with pictures two of which represented hale old men, the rest in the full possession of youth and strength. And how sad it was to think how they had lived their lives and departed, or were still struggling along, childless or widowed, and broken hearted, to their life's end. There hung Dr Patterson's father and mother, and his wife's. His picture as a young man, hers as child and woman, her beautiful sisters Jane and Ann, her daughter Elizabeth, and her beautiful Emma. Emma and Elizabeth died broken-hearted. Ann has just lost her selfishly devoted, and beloved husband, Jane is worn with trouble and sorrow, but yet the happiest of all, and Helen the last sister watches the death bed of the poor idiotic husband who was the charming and intellectual companion, Dr Patterson. Tuesday Went down to the school with Bess, drilled twenty seven children June 13 making seventy five already. I don't mean that they can all exercise well, but they have some idea of it. Reached home just in time to avoid a violent thunder shower. Wrote diary and studied till dinner time. As Mary Leiper was over the way I spent the evening there. Tom was at a meeting, for the purpose of taking leave of his old Free Soil friends who are going over to the Whigs. He did not return until I was nearly asleep. Wendesday With my usual tact, I having been worried about monetary affairs, made June 14 up a list of things requiring to be paid before we went away this summer, amounting to $2100,00. And I showed it to poor Tom who has gone down town with trouble on his mind. God forgive me, when I ought only to comfort my poor boy. I will pray Him to show me how to get out of debt, and then I know He will help us. I did not go down to the school to-day, spending the entire morning in altering a dress, and darming. Tom and I walked up to Burns' and eat ices in the evening Thursday Bess and I drilled thirty six today. They were very good children June 15 and amazingly bright. Coming out of the school quite a crowd of them rushed to kiss our hands. As we went home we stopped to speak to a very old negress who sits in the sun all day taking charge of a little great-grand-daughter. She is nearly a hundred years old, and was formerly a slave of the Carmichaels from the Eastern Shore of Maryland. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B26_F9_p059.jpg) I went with the Judge and Mrs Kane out to Fisher's Lane in the two o'clock train, and went up to the depot to meet the next from town in which Tom came. He was delighted with the place and we had a pleasant stroll in the woods together. As I my headached I went to bed soon Friday This is the second day of the hot weather, and I don't find it June 16 pleasanter than it used to be. Went to Gardette's but he put me off till Tuesday, so Bess and I went to the school, drilling twenty-four children. This would make 135 if it were not that we have had some of them twice over. The ones who come a second time are wonderfully expert, which is partly accounted for by their repeating the exercises by themselves as a play, in recreation- -time. I was very much pleased by a girl who came down for the first time. She happened to be the last on a line and after watching the others, said very modestly that she thought she could do as the others had done without having her hand held, as I do with beginners. She really succeeded very well. The children are exceedingly anxious to go down, and every one of the naughty ones but one, has contrived to be down once at least. This one looks always exceedingly mortified though his mortification leads to no results. Perhaps it will be interesting to me some day to remember how we drilled the children, so I will write it down as well as I can, [diagram of a floor, with numbers matching up with the following description] These are chalked lines in the centre of the floor. Bess stands at (1) facing her children ranged at (2). I at (3) facing mine at (4) We make girls hold ther skirts, boys fold their arms as we find it keeps them from fighting. On entering, the boys touch their foreheads, and the girls courtesy. Then follows— "Show your right foot, – swing it – forward back — forward back" – ten times. Left do. "Raise your right arm, drop it, one two" ten times; left do. "Wheel your right arm one –" ten times; left do. "Jump at once, when I count, not before I count, only when I count, and no more"– ten times. I do all this with them. Placing myself at their head I make them march round the room following the dotted line, and ranging themselves at (5.) Then I take number one and placing her at (6) make her step on the marked spaces (7) with the right and left feet alternately. At (8) she stops and stamps as though marching, ten times, faces round and recommences.. She does the same at (6) and again at (8) ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B26_F9_p060.jpg) and then takes her position at (9) This I do with each in turn, walking with them and counting time for them. Then they do it in twos, and then the whole six. Then placing myself at their head we march up the spaces (10) stopping to stamp ten times at (11). Coming back to the marked space (7) they stamp then times at each step. and then march upstairs. As my last set had been nearly all drilled on previous days, and as it fatigues my throat very much to count for them, I made them do it by clapping my hands, and found they succeeded admirably; certainly much better than I should have done at their age. — Read till dinner time, slept, and wrote diary all the evening. Saturday Read all the morning. In the evening Tom and I went to see June 17 if Lizzie Mitchell was at home, to bid her goodbye. She was not, so we resolved to call on Dr Elder who had not been to see us for some weeks. We missed the omnibus and so had to walk up, but we determined to ride home. I had been reading about the nose, and the eye, and being very much interested in the topic subject we talked about it nearly all the time. I don't know whether I have mentioned before, how constantly, in reading Physiology, I am im- -pressed with the feeling that we are merely describing the appearance of a machine, the principles of whose construciton and use we cannot understand. I find myself always asking, as children do about a watch – "What makes it go?" It impresses me with a great degree of awe, and of confidence in the Power in whose hands we are – by whom we are, and were created. How constantly too, becoming deeply interested in some wonderful portion of our being, am I disappointed by finding — No thoroughfare — inscribed on some barrier to human research! But even with this drawback how grandly the human mind displays itself. So much discovered! No novel ever was so interesting as this book is. — We found only Mrs Elder at home, who rushed with girlish enthusiasm, into the doctrines of Malthus. The room smelled a good deal of Burlington herring, and we came away soon. Only to find the omnibus crammed, and a weary walk before us. Tom called on Dr Morton in the morning with whom he was very much pleased. He talked a great deal of Mamma. I believe he loved her in his youth. Papa writes that after a fourteen months interlude, poor Will has had another fit brought on by over-study. I am very unhappy about him. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B26_F9_p061.jpg) 55 Sunday This being Communion Sunday I walked to the Presbyterian June 19 Church with Bess, Tom accompanying us as far as that queer old house, cor 8th and Lane streets, where a comparatively modern sign representing a lion with the date 1817. I had much to pray for today, that God would keep my motives for doing my duty pure, and not let me do right only to please Tom, and that he would show me what was to be done for dear Willie, and all of them at home, and how we were to get out of debt, and that he would bless our summer-journey, and let us gain strength for the winter from it. And that I might love the people here, and that Tom's love for me, and mine for him, might grow stronger and purer every day; that He would watch over all our actions, and keep us safely in this life, and at the end save us for Christ, our Redeemer's sake. And that unless we might make Christians ofer of them, He would grant us no children. In the evening they sang as usual, for the last time. Tomorrow they go into the country. Monday I am afraid our schemes of economy must go by the board June 20 for a time as I have to prepare meals for those wandering stars the boys, who will not be on hand to eat them half the time. Miss Betsy Snyder came to work for me this morning. I sent for herrings of which I knew she was fond. Tom wanted more, sent for eggs, and he discovered though she did not that they were bad. He sent for ham and coffee from next door. Then our cream, yesterday's supply, had turned. Tom was worried, and I was ready to cry. My only consolation was that Miss B. stuck to the herrings and that the milkman came with fresh cream by the time we were ready to drink the tea. Then I went out in the hot sun to order ice cream to be at the house at 1/4 past 3. I arrived at 1/4 of 2. And Johnny came to excuse himself from dinner. I had hardly cooled from that worry when Pat came to excuse himself, and to bring a note from Tom saying — "I will bring three common men to dine at 3. Get some rashers of bacon fried, and buy a bit of cheese." When Tom says – "Common men" he generally means some intimate friends, so I was at my wit's end. Pat kindly volunteered to order some fried oysters from Prosser's. I hurriedly overlooked the arrangement of the table. At 1/2 past two, in walked ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B26_F9_p062.jpg) Tom. He said oysters were wasted on them, that they were labouring men—dinnerless.—Then they proved to be Mormon missionaries, going penniless, to convert England. They had been promised supper and a bed somewhere, but meanwhile were without dinner. Remembering that to hungry mountain countrymen my kickshaw, strawberries, ice-cream, spring chickens and veal-cutlets would afford little nourishment I sent Fanny to buy "Rashers of Bacon" always a mystic term with me. At 3 o'clock Fanny returned with a whole ham. It was too late to do anything with it, and as it proved we had enough without. We sent for Pat, another Mormon, a cigar-merchant named Harrison residing in Spring Garden had added himself to their party, and so we sat down to table, seven in number. Next to Tom sat a young man named Ferguson, a Salt Laker, who had been a boy-volunteer in a battalion Tom raised for the Mexican war; at Santa Fe he had the fever, and was almost cured by hearing of the Nauvoo outrages. He rose from a foot soldier's rank to a Colonel's, has since been sheriff of Salt Lake City County, and having settled down on a 250 acre farm and just married a young wife, was ordered off on a mission. He had an open pleasant face, and a frank smile. By me sat a light-haired freckled-faced Yankee Wheelock by name, who had lived at Nauvoo till the commencement of the hostilities there, and had then gone to Scotland. And beyond him sat a Scotchman, named Dunbar, from Inverness. Both of those men were of the lower classes and – I would not be inclined to disbelieve the stories of Mormon evils were they the only ones among the Mormons whom I had ever seen. Dr Bernhisel and Ferguson are of another class entirely. I would not be surprised to see these men in the Insane Asylum, or in the Penitentiary Dunbar for insulting ladies in the street, Wheelock for cheating. Still I daresay I was prejudiced. Harrison the tobacconist tilted his chair back, and was silent, shovelling his food into his mouth in prodigious mouthfuls. Tom said to Ferguson — "Well, are we to call you Captain, Colonel or General?" "I believe I am Your Reverence" said he smiling." Well then if you are your reverence perhaps you will say grace", said Tom half in fun. We immediately began a long grace, returning thanks for the feast(!) spread before us, praying for a blessing on the master and mistress of the house, and — so/on so on. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B26_F9_p063.jpg) Then Ferguson talked and laughed and ate, in a natural and unembarrassed manner, and consequently offered nothing ridiculous appeared in his behavior. The two Dunbar and Wheelock on the contrary with many grammatical slips, apologised for mountain– -manners, declaring they had been so long unused to civilised life that they did not know how to behave. my good men, thought I, you needn't apologise. Had you Dunbar lived in Inverness, and you Wheelock in Massachusetts till this day your manners would have been exactly the same. You are accustomed to regarding the "leather and prunella" distinction, while Ferguson is more accustomed to the "Worth makes the man, the want of it the fellow" criterion. D. and W. conversed much in the same style, they had "eaten as much as they could" informed the waiters offering vegetables – "No I thank you, I have heaps"—"did do not use wine, not because I am a member of the Temperance Society, but for personal reasons. I am aware that it looks one sided in company." Had not seen strawberries this season, had seen wild ones on the plains, but none "fixed up with cream." Speaking of the weather in crossing the plains, one said "It was hot enough to go in our shir–" but warned by a nudge from the other hastily substituted —"to wish to do without our coats." When dinner was over Ferguson rose and and said that he had just met with his family whom he had not seen for years, and must go to see them. W. and D. told me they had been on a mission in Scotland, and had spread their doctrines in Fife from Crail(?) to St Andrews, had been several times in Elie, and in Pittenweem had a church. They / Wheelock asked if I had seen them wonderful royal palaces — Holyrood, and the Castle. He said he had felt it a wonderful providence that he was allowed to put his head and shoulders in the crown room. He had made a soldier go with him after dark to show him the very guard room in Stirling Castle into which the Lady of the Lake was ushered. They had been at the old Crystal Palace, and I advised them to visit the Sydenham one Was it wrong, I wonder! In taking leave they pressed ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B26_F9_p064.jpg) us to visit Utah. Dr Elder, Pat and John took tea with us. Tom and I read over my old third-class compositions in the evening Tuesday Bess came in from the country before breakfast. June 20 Johnny breakfasted with us. Wrote a long diary, went to the dentist's where I expected to have six teeth filled and found only me in need of it. Hurrah. Dined and read till tea-time when Tom came home from a meeting. Bess, Tom, and I went to the Patterson's in the evening and then to Burns' ice cream saloon. I have just been elected a manager of the Infant School Society, which involves a payment of twenty dollars. Wednesday Oh this weather. It is perfectly unbearable. After Tom went June 21 down town I set to work, and occupied myself for three hours in arranging his books and papers. I found a talbotype of Elisha which I put in the frame of E. M's daguerreotype, and presented it to Tom as a souvenir that we had been married 14 months. Then I bathed, and read till dinner-time. I have been reading a review of Pestalozzi's system of education, and found it exceedingly interesting but I must not pursue the subject as I find it makes me think of a personal application, and that I have promised Tom to endeavor to avoid. Mrs Kane left word that Tom and I must spend Thursday night out at Fisher's Lane. Tom wrote till ten o'clock and I sewed. After that we walked once or twice up and down the street and then went to bed. Johnny waked up in the middle of the night. He had been locked out, and so came in to our house. Thursday Pouring rain. Johnny breakfasted with us. Poor Tom's headaches June 22 badly. Busied myself in sewing, writing diary, and heading a little account book for Bess. As the day wore on I wanted something to do so I cut out pictures for the Prison women. As it was only drizzling when Tom came home, the darling would take me to Wakefield Cottage. Bess was overjoyed. She her mother and father were having a very dull time, and brightened up amazingly when we came. Tom gave Bess a music lesson, and I read Uncle Tom's Cabin aloud afterwards. I passed a pretty restless night from shortness of breathing, and as to poor Tom he never slept till day broke. Friday Tom went to town in the seven o'clock train with his mother, June 23 and Bess and I were left to our own devices. I read Uncle Tom's Cabin aloud to her, at different times, and worked at my second collar. I went along the woodpath to find the most delicate wild flowers like the Quaker Lady, Veronica, Winter Green, Pyrola etc ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B26_F9_p065.jpg) and with the feathery tops of the asparagus, and some pretty mosses I made a pretty rural bouquet for two little rustic basket stands Bessie has. Afterwards we walked up to Young's vegetable place, then to the celebrated Jabey Gates', and then to Harkinson's. quite a long walk. I happened to remark some improvement in his shop and he took us over the house to see the additions he had been making—three rooms, two of them very large ones. This man's shop was the result of The rise of this man's fortunes has been a truly American thing. Mrs Henry had a very honest servant, whose very honest mother was dependent on her. Mrs Henry, liking both, stocked a tiny shop for them — and here they are. All the way up Germantown, and back, past the old Lisle Cottage was so full of associations for me that I could not but feel my heart overflow with thankfulness for my present happiness. At two o'clock Tom came out, bringing me a letter from Tot and one from Papa. In Papa's he said – "I came in in the cars today today with a very young lady, who had with her evidently her first child. She looked so like, so very like you, that I felt quite grand-paternally to the picanniny she carried." After sunset Bess, Tom, and I strolled in the woods, and on our return Mrs Wister called, After tea the Fisher's came, and then I read aloud Hans Andersen's, The Neighbor Families. I had such shortness of breath that Tom gave me brandy and water when I went to bed. Saturday John Wister called. I read Uncle Tom's Cabin to Bess, June 24 and Mary Fisher calling for us we went up to the Indian's tent on the hill. The baskets were pretty but too dear for me. Helped Bess put up curtains and arranged her accounts for the past six months in Tom's way, with which she was delighted. Came home in the 5 PM train. Poor Tom came home from his work at 1/2 past six or so. After tea attempted to read aloud but was so sleepy I had to go to bed. Sunday Delighful breeze blowing. My boy walked to church with me. June 25 The service was good as it always is, but Dr Morton not being there his substitute did not prevent my attention from wandering off in the direction of whether I should get a barège skirt for my white Jacket, or a brown gingham for travelling Wrote diary & to the girls when I came home. There was a noisy dispute about the new Sunday Law at dinner. I am ashamed to confess that I did not behave like a Christian — Yesterday Tom brought me. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B26_F9_p066.jpg) Johnny spoke of the "miserable wretches of church-goers with their miserable churches, for nearly all of whom he had the greatest contempt," and led my darling, who had been defending me, and the law, for Johnny made it a personal matter; into speaking bitterly too, and made me feel hurt more perhaps by the manner than the matter of what he said. I felt bitterly to Johnny for disturbing our quiet Sunday, and though I thought that I said nothing of the kind, Tom did not deny that I had when I asked him afterwards. What am I to do? Dear Tom thinks he never speaks anything that would injure my faith, yet he attacks things I have been accustomed to respect, and I don't feel at liberty to express myself when God makes me feel peaceful and happy, and somehow I feel as if my faith was weakened. I hear clergymen always abused, until I begin to believe, that I must not credit them when I hear words of faith and hope coming from their lips, that I must not respect them, as being better than I. I hear Sunday, and sectarian Christians abused, till I begin to feel as if the Son of Man was not Lord of the Sabbath, and to feel unchristianly to those who hold much by forms. Churchgoers and churches are abused, and someday, though thank God not yet, I may learn not to think Sunday a day of sweet peaceful happiness, and not to pray and give thanks, with my fellows in church, heartily. When I wonder what others do in the same predicament, I see dear Bess longer exposed than I, relinquishing part of her influence over the boys, and turning to forms and intrenching herself behind them as a means of safety. I see Tom whom forms long ago disgusted, unable to keep Johnny or Pat to any faith at all. Can I, if I ever have children, forbear to take them with me to the House of God? And what am I to do for myself. Oh my Father I am so helpless! Do thou teach me right Give me a clean heart and renew a right spirit within me. And oh never bless me with a child unless Tom and I and it, may all come Christians, to thy Throne! — My darling has been so sweet and kind to me all this evening. We strolled about with Pat and when we came home read one of Arnold's sermons, in which he says our object in life should be, not to do the greatest amount of good to our fellows, but to do our Father's will. If the first be our object, sickness, sorrow, poverty, though Godsent, may cause us bitter trouble, but if the latter, we may cast all our care on Him who careth for us. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B26_F9_p067.jpg) Monday Bess came up to breakfast. It was a cold day and I had to wear June 26 a shawl, and not bathe before breakfast. We first went to Mm Baratet's and los engaged her to make my dresses, Then to the school where we each took six children, and drilled them. They were dreadfully stupid. Then poor Miss Wilson told me that she feared her niece was dying, and that she would not feel like teaching, so I assured her we would let her off. Then Tom we took the omnibus down to Bailey's where Bess had an errand, and looked through his shop, and then we walked to Hauel's, where I wanted pomatum. Then we went through Tyndale's beautiful shop, to look for something to hold Tom's pens. I confess I greatly enjoyed seeing the "pretty things." Then into several shops and so home at two o'clock. After dinner I began the skirt of my dress and finished it that evening, Tom reading aloud to me part of the time. Tuesday This morning Johnny Green rushed in pale with June 27 affright, averring that Johnny Kane had cholera. It turned out a slight cholera morbus, and we took our breakfast quietly though my nerves were quite unstrung, and I am sure poor Tom's were. We heard of Madame Sontag's death today, poor thing. Tom put me in the omnibus, which took me to the depôt, and I went out to Germantown. I found the poor woman at the Fisher's Lane Station just dead. Her husband came out in the train with me. She died quite suddenly. It was a dreadfully hot day, the thermometer 105 in the shade. Pleasant climate this! Yesterday was quite cold. I finished Uncle Tom's Cabin to Bess, and read a few other things. Poor dear Tom came out at half past two, and we returned at eight o'clock. My head ached so much that I went to bed at once. Wednesday Wrote to Mrs Townsend to ask about boarding for a poor June 28 little patient of Johnny's who has typhus fever. Wrote diary— – Saturday My dear diary you must forgive me! (I was out of town), Thursday July 1st and Friday, and I have forgotten what I did. I have been busy buying presents for the kips, as we hope to go to Morristown next week, and I must be off now to Germantown. I went down to Baratet's (the dressmaker) and she told me to come on Monday. She had quite forgotten my dress. I brought some little presents for the children, to take with me, and as I ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B26_F9_p068.jpg) had just laid in my winter's stock of lavender, I took some bunches out for Bess, and for the elder ones at home. Coming out in the two o'clock train I was very much amused at a little scene that took place. A very plebeian young husband and wife came in, with a redfaced newly awakened child, roaring with all its might. In vain they tried to pacify it. I roared with all its might still, and the passengers looked round very much annoyed. A deep voice behind me growled out— "Child! If you don't stop, I'll whip you!" The child turned round, with its mouth still stretched to a roaring extent, and became fixed. It soon fell asleep, and when a jar of the cars re-awakened it, it turned instinctively towards its terrifier and became silent. The gentleman was Mr Henry Baylard. I wonder how he manages his own child! After dinner the Judge gave me a long and interesting monologue on Patents and Paper-Making; then I lay down till 1/2 past six when Tom came out. After tea I finished my dressmaking, and read the new number of the Newcomes aloud. Sunday Such a pleasant morning! First, Bess and I and July 2 Tom sat on the steps outside the cottage, and I read a sermon of Arnold's aloud. Then we (Tom & I) accompanied Bess and her mother part of the way to church, and then we entered the woods, Tom took stones and made a nice seat for me, and I read the Bible, and repeated hymns to him. After dinner I was very cross and sleepy; Tom and Pat occupying the only habitable room, at that hour. I sat with the Judge and Mrs Kane who read aloud. In the evening we strolled about a little, and then the usual singing took place. Monday A fearfully hot day. Went into town by the seven July 3 o'clock train, and worked hard, expecting to go to Morristown on Thursday. No such thing! Madame Baratet could not give me my things before Saturday. I was so provoked! Tom and I took ices at a place in Arch Street, and then went out in the seven P.M. train. Found the family just going out to call on the Fishers, so we sat together, and I told Tom stories. Tuesday "The glorious Fourth" was a disagreeable a day as it usually is. July 4th I commenced teaching Bess—"The plain was grassy, wild and bare.", and she was delighted to find herself able to learn it. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B26_F9_p069.jpg) Mr William Leiper, John and Pat dined out with us. The dinner was a peppery one. Tom and his father dined in town, and were to sleep there. Bess and I were to sleep in the large room together. After dinner John and Pat went into back to town with Mr Leiper, and in the evening Pat came out and took Bess to spend the evening at the Cadwalader's. Mrs Kane sent the servants to see the fireworks, and she and I sat alone, my pistol on the table before us, and I read the beginning of the Newcomes to her. I believe I should be sure to miss my aim if I were to fire at a robber, for when Lucy barked furiously, and we wished to see what was the matter, my heart beat so, that I never could have hit anything if I had tried. The alarm was a false one, but when I went to bed, I laid my pistol beside me. In the middle of the night I waked to find some one kissing me. "Very odd of Bess" thought I, and behold it was Tom, who had returned unexpectedly, had undressed and come to bed an hour before, without my hearing him. Robbers are pretty safe for me! Wednesday Helped Bess to finish learning, "The dying Swan" July 5 and to learn — "Not wholly in the busy world" at Fern Rock, where she, the Judge, and I, drove. Ah how wild and pretty it looked! The squirrels chased each other close to us, as we sat at the foot of the rock. In the afternoon I croche'd part of a pincushion for Bess, and in the evening read the "Palace of Art" aloud. Thursday Bess and I walked a long way up Germantown to buy July 6 stuff for curtains, which her father didn't like. So I kept it. Tom stayed at home with us. I finished her pincushion (Bessie's I mean) Friday Letitia Mitchell spent the day with us. Made a travelling July 7 pincushion for Bess. Went into town by the 6 P.M. train expecting Gen. Houston, who didn't come. My dresses came home looking horribly. Saturday Went to the dressmaker's had my dress altered, July 8 packed, and at two o'clock Tom brought a nice wagon and we drove over to Germantown where we dined. Then we went to the Dunlaps spent the afternoon there, and had a delightful drive home. Poor Tom spent the evening vainly hunting for Gen. Houston. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B26_F9_p070.jpg) Sunday Very hot. Wrote diary, read one of Arnold's sermons with July 9 Tom. We expect to start in the 10 A.M. train for New York tomorrow. We didn't do much today. I have a curious book of Early Travels in Palestine to read. They It comprises those of Arculf AD 700. Saewulf [-]02 Sir John Maundeville 1322 De La Brocquière 1433 & Maundrell 1697. Monday Our journey was much pleasanter than it usually is, owing July 10 to the heavy rains of yesterday, and last night. Mr Plitt and his wife were on board, bound for Sharon ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B26_F9_p072.jpg) Thursday Rose at six, and slipped on my clothes, and went downstairs to give July 13 Walter the letter. Then dressed, and held my poor boy in my arms till breakfast time. After breakfast, he lay on the bed in Walter's room, and Tot, Helen, and I went about a square to the shoemaker's. Then dismissing Nell, Tot and I resolved to go a square further, and then I opened my propositions. NB. Tot contrived to lose our way completely. She embraced it eagerly till the question of money turned up. Then she refused to come, or to urge the children's coming, unless their board were paid. To this I knew Tom would never consent; and so I told her. When we reached home found that poor Tom had gone to bed, and that John Hone was in the parlour. When I told Tom the result of our conversation he was very much grieved, and told me that I must now speak to Papa, and Walter. Until they came home I divided my time between my poor suffering boy, and the children. Poor wee Nell is making a beautiful pincushion for me. On a white satin ground, a wreath of shamrocks, encircling the initials of my name, and worked in two shades of green. When they came home I tried to win Walter to my plan, not very successfully, for he was lukewarm, and contented himself with abusing C. M. Then I waited till after tea, and told Papa I wanted to speak with him, so we went out and took a walk, I said – Papa, I want to ask you about the children. Next Winter, a Mrs Trist is going to have a few children as boarders, and I want you to let them go there, and come to us, from Friday till Monday. Tut, tut – no indeed?! Besides I don't approve of boarding schools— No Papa, you mustn't say Hut, tut, but listen. Then I told him how Harry was growing up awkward, reserved, and pointedly avoiding us. How I had seen her pass under young Ehninger's window, smiling, blushing and looking up. How entirely ignorant he was of all her habits of thought, and of her doings generally. How bad the home influences were for her and Helen, how shut up they were, and kept blinded for the sake of not letting them see the dissensions between himself and C. M, and how little he knew of their companions. How did he expect them to act when the bandage was taken from their eyes, and they were allowed to come into the world, as they some day must? ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B26_F9_p073.jpg) What assurance had he that Harry would not fall in love with any low wretch, she might meet outside, and what influence had he over her to prevent it? I told him the task he imposed upon Tot was too great, and that he knew that he had been obliged to send her away several times lest she should go crazy or die under the weight of care he imposed. Then I offered the three girls a home with me for the winter, also that they should go to some small school, where I could invite such of the girls as were fit companions for them to my house. I am only giving now a dry abstract of what I said, but I know I spoke rightly for I kept lifting my heart to God, to guide me. Papa put forward very lame objections and concluded by saying that if things got very much worse, he might think of it. I ended by warning him that I had done my duty, and that now the responsibility was on his shoulders. Poor darling had a very bad night. Friday Tom was worse, and we concluded to go home tomorrow July 14 instead of Monday. Had a long talk with C. M. in which she spoke sensibly and kindly about the children, agreeing with me, of course. Dear little Denny goes about the house calling my name and begging me to come play with him. Harry was furious because we spoke to her about this young cripple, and remained a statue the whole day. Tot wrote a long note to Tom on pecuniary arrange- -ments, which he would not receive. Packed our trunks. In the evening Tom spoke again to Walter though quite uselessly. Saturday Left at 1/2 past 7. The children all accompanied us to the July 15 cars, and I made Cousin Margaret promise to write to me. Tom looked dreadfully, but stood the journey wonderfully. I attacked Papa again, but in vain. Papa says that poor Gracie divided all her little possessions, and put aside something for each of us. Mine was a ring or bracelet, and they were all lost at sea. Such a loss is worse than that of money. It seems so sacred a gift from her dying hands, dear girl. Poor Tom rested an hour at Newark, and with the aid of brandy got safely home, and to bed. Weir Mitchell was called in, and prescribed for him. He came twice, and told me that I must give him pills through the night. I doubted my capacity of waking but fortunately my breathing was so short, that I had to sit ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B26_F9_p074.jpg) up, and could not sleep Sunday Tom much better, I sat beside him reading my Bible & writing July 16 my diary in the morning —— Friday Today for the first time I have the spirit to write. He is now safe if July 21 he have no relapse, but oh how dreadful these days have been. While I sat looking at the dear form lying in the opium-stupor, or saw his brow contracted by pain, and knew that he lay, just on the threshold of Life, how all the dear happiness of other days crowded my thoughts. Oh how thankless I have been, and how truly I saw how I have neglected, and despised blessings so much beyond my deserts. Now, if my dear one recovers I trust I shall be a better wife to him, a truer servant of God. And may He in his mercy, give me a clean heart, and renew a right spirit within me. I had a nice letter from Miss Preston which I copy West Grove Chester County Pa July 6th '54 My dear Mrs Kane I have not been unmindful of your generous kindness in sending me a note through Mrs Heald in March, and in my heart I have thanked Mr Kane also, for his letters to persons in Washing- -ton. I had intended to call upon my return from Washington to Phila & thank you in ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B26_F9_p075.jpg) July—August–September–October "Though He slay me, yet will I trust in Him." "In Thee O Lord have I put my trust. Let me never be confounded!" Why art thou cast down O my soul, and why art thou disquieted within me? Hope thou in God for I shall yet praise him who is the health of my countenance and my God." "As thy day is, so shall they strength be." "Whom He loveth, He chasteneth." "Wait on the Lord be of good courage, and He shall strengthen thy heart, wait, I say on the Lord." "The Lord help thee in the day of trouble, the name of the God of Jacob defend thee! Send thee help from the sanctuary, and comfort thee out of Zion." I was brought low and He helped me." "My flesh and my heart faileth, but God is my strength, and my portion forever." Although the fig tree shall not blossom, neither shall fruit be in the vines; the labor of the olive shall fail, and the fields shall yield no meat; the flock shall be cut off from the fold, and no herd in the stalls; yet I will rejoice in the Lord, I will joy in the God of my salvation." "Thou art my servant; I have chosen thee, and not cast thee away. Fear thou not for I am with thee; be not dismayed; for I am thy God: I will strengthen thee; yea I will help thee; yea, I will uphold thee with the right hand of my righteousness. – I the Lord thy God will hold thy right hand, saying unto thee – 'Fear not, I will help thee.'" "Humble yourselves. therefore render the mightly hand of God, that he may exalt you in due time; casting all your care upon him; for he careth for you." "As the hills are round about Jerusalem, so the Lord is round about his people, from henceforth even forevermore." "Be merciful unto me, O God, be merciful unto me: for my soul trusteth in thee; yea, in the shadow of thy wings will I make my refuge, until these calamities be overpast." "The living, the living, he shall praise thee, as I do this day!" "I was brought low, and he helped me."! "Ye that fear the Lord, trust in the Lord. He is our help and our shield!" "I will sing unto the Lord as long as I live: I will sing praise to God my God while I have my being." "Because thou hast been my help, therefore in the shadow of thy wings will I rejoice." 12. May 1836. Marked by Mamma "What time I am afraid I will trust in thee." ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B26_F9_p076.jpg) Dec 31st I have never had the heart to write in this book, since 1854 the 21st of July, any account of the passing time. Till the 14th of October we had more misery than I can even now think of, or write about. Tom was so very, very ill. After that he grew better. But we gave up house- -keeping, and came over to 36 Girard Street; selling off most of the furniture of dear 38, and reserving only some orna- -ments, and the furniture of one room. The experience of the summer convinced us that our duty to the family required us to be more with them. Tom's father and mother are growing old, and Bess and they would be very lonely alone in the country. I see that the Judge depends more on Tom, as a counsellor and confidant than he does upon his other sons. I have a daughter's and sister's duty to perform and though I don't do it, I out to. They thought us not strong enough to continue keeping house, and so it pleased us all. The wisdom of our having done so has been proved, at least in one thing. For I am going to be a mother, I hope. C. B. January Poor Tom was ill with pleurisy all last week but he is 1st 1855 much better now. As this was a perfectly delicious day I walked up to Roberts' the grocer's and brought home a can of preserved tomatoes for Tom's dinner. Also I made up my yearly accounts. But for Tom's illness we should have got along very well. As it is we have spent far more than we expected. I am thankful f however that we have money to pay off all debts, and considering the sickness we have had, and that we married owing $3000 on furnitures, etceteras, I think we may congratulate ourselves. I am so happy too and so well, wonderfully well, and I have past the time that I miscarried before. So perhaps 1855 will give me a darling child. I think about it all the time, and Tom scolds me – but he thinks about it himself, and never leaves off, I know. —— The Medical College has been going on very well this year. but poor Dr Johnson has just died. My tickets for the course are taken, though I havent attended, for baby's sake. January 2 I did not feel very well, though Tom was better. So I only walked once round the square, and did nothing particular all day. In the evening Bessie had ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B26_F9_p077.jpg) a little party for the Butlers, which I attended till 9 o'clock, and then returned to Tom. He was sick in the night poor fellow, and I gave them all a fright towards morning by having a colic. It was nothing however. January This morning I am very well suffering only from 3rd 1855 a dose of brandy I had last night. I had a visit from Mr Pell, and a nice note from Tot, which I answered. I put down some few accounts, and wrote this morsel of diary. Then I set to work to make over a pair of undersleeves, reading Condie on the Management of Childeren meanwhile. And that reminds me to write down one or two things which young mothers will do, and which I may possibly avoid if I make up my mind so to do, before mother-hood casts its glamour over my eyes too. And first, and hardest of all, don't talk of its wonderful sayings or doings to any one, unless as a safety-valve to Tom. It will not lose in any one's eyes, for – has it not a grand- -mother? Next, never take it to spend the day any- -where, nor produce it for the edification of visitors. Third, don't let it be brought into the room at dessert time, nor when it is in the room at other times. let it remain one instant if it cries, or interrupts conversation. Fourth. Not until it is between three or and four years old, allow it to come to table. Punish any defect in manners at table, by making it dine by itself next day. Send it out of the room on some pretext whenever a dispute arises at table, also whenever guests whose manners are not good, dine there. In making the rule of not permitting it to take meals at table, don't forget that its nursery meals must always be overlooked by me. Teach it as soon as possible to use napkin and finger-glass. Don't let vanity tempt me to let it wear caps. Always wash and dress it myself. Try to teach it neatness. Which I must begin by practicing it myself. These little trivialities, as they seem, are really of some importance. But in the weightier matters, oh my God, teach me how to fulfil my duties to it. — My poor Tom was worse in the night. January Not up till late for fear of waking Tom who 4th 1855 suffered a great deal this morning. Received and answered a note from Nell, and wrote diary. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B26_F9_p078.jpg) Packed away my toilet set and the liqueur bottles and glasses, as our room is really too crowded for any degree of comfort. I darned several stockings, and read Nicholas Nickleby. I really don't remember doing anything else all day. January A most exquisite day. I went out and paid a long 5th Friday call on Aunt Patterson, and then went down to Hazard's, and bought Horace Greeley's Life, and the last number of Putnam's Magazine for Tom. Again I went out, and walked just round the square. This occupied me till dinner time. I received a letter from Papa, remon- -strating with me about Tom's going to the fire, which I answered that in the evening. Tom wants to go with the Expedition in search of Elisha. I have told him that if he can get his father; the old, and the young Dr Mitchell to approve his going, and to say they think it likely to improve his health: that I shall not veto his going. He says he will not go, unless I can view his going with cheerfulness, and as a mere pleasure trip. When I am sure that he thinks his duty requires him to do a thing, it is, of course very hard for me to prevent his doing it. Yet even with the concurrence of the three I have mentioned. I am afraid I cannot think of my poor delicate Tom having these dangers, and being away from me from spring to late in the autumn, while I cannot hear how he is, or go to him when he is sick. I know that he would try to be prudent, but he was born im prudent, and – his brother's life may depend upon some hair-breadth chance. If I have to part with him I shall pray to God to bring him back, but I shall not expect him. I shall try to fancy that he will come for my child's sake. I don't dwell upon the thought of his being far from me in my time of trial, because if he does not go to the Arctic Regions, I hope to induce him to spend the summer, as his health requires, at Bedford or Newport. — God guide me what to do. Saturday Mrs Kane brought home yesterday stuff for baby's night gowns January 6 etc, and this morning I am hard at work finishing the work I have on hand, so as to commence. Tom was restless all night and we did not rise till eleven. Wrote diary, sewed, darninig nine pairs of stockings by the bye, and finished the hasty perusal of Condie. I confess it puzzles me greatly to know how to regulate its ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B26_F9_p079.jpg) times of sleeping and eating. In the evening, the Judge read part of "As you Like It," to Bessie and myself. I made up an entire lace chemisette. I record this, merely to remind myself that I sew much quicker and better than I used to do. — Poor Tom not at all well. January Tom had a bad night, and took so much laudanum 7th Saturday that he had to stay in bed till dinner-time. I therefore did not go to church but staid with him. I read several of Herbert's Poems, and Keble's to him, and some chapters of the Bible and one of Cumming's sermons, to myself. I was very much disappointed in this last. As it was a damp, but warm day, the air deliciously soft, I took a little walk. But I soon returned, because it being church hour, no respectable women were in the street. Notwithstanding the Cantharides etc, Tom's pain still continues. Oh my God, pity and relieve him! I know that thou hast some purpose in view in thus afflicting him. Do as thou wilt with us. January 8 A lovely day, the air more bracing than yesterday. Rose in Monday time for breakfast; washed up the silver with Bess, before Tom woke. Then helped him to dress, and found him, thank God, much better. Sewed for a while, then dressed and took a long walk bringing home stuff for finishing some work; pomatum, and sugar-biscuit for Tom. Found him well enough to take a drive round Logan Square. The Cathedral has just had its cumns capped, and it looks most beautiful. On our return we found Weir's bill. It is only 218.00, so Tom will make it up to $400.00 by giving him some a fine mi- -croscope, or some such thing. After dinner lay down as usual. I hope my health is really benefited by the sacrifice of so many hours of daylight. After tea finished a nightcap, glancing at Evelyn's Diary, as I worked. I think I should like to read it through some day. Bade Aunt Patterson, and Cousin Helen goodbye. They leave tomorrow for New York, and thence proceed to England. January 9 Tom much better. The weather is entirely changed, rain Tuesday and snow falling alternately. Washed silver, sewed, wrote diary, and read a long letter from Papa to Tom in answer to mine of Friday last, acknowleding that I had at first carried him off his feet, but recurring to the subject accusation in the end. Mrs Kane said she expected Miss Fox so I dressed to receive her but she never came. Bessie took tea at the Mitchell's and Tom and I read a ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B26_F9_p080.jpg) Report on the Infant Schools of Glasgow, Edinburgh, and London. Wednesday A beautiful day. Aunt Patterson sailed from New York. January 10 I walked down town and chose the material for a little sacque for Cousin Margaret's expected baby, which I carried to the Ladies' Depository to be embroidered. Took quite a long and pleasant walk with dear Tom. I began to work again at my collar, which I had thrown aside as too tedious to finish. But I am tolerably near the end, and as I have wasted so much time on it, I may as well get the wear of it. In the evening I began making up a pair of lace sleeves, while the Judge read Shakspere to me. Thursday A nice little note from Nell, speaking very kindly of January 11 Miss Haines. Washed breakfast things, and sewed till half past ten. Then went with Mother to the Annual meeting of the "Widows." Found the hall of the Asylum well filled with Ladies. Mr Boardman, and a person who looked like a cheerful linen-draper, but for a certain clerical twist of the hair, the Rev. Mr Jenkins; officiated. First one read those verses about — "When saw we Thee an hungered, and fed thee?" Then the other prayed. Then Mr B. read the Report, at the close of which came a list of the managers for the The list is always the same – He had just commenced, when Mrs Dr Hodge who must always have her fingers in every pie, telegraphed him to stop. After a great deal of whispering, Dr B. announced that the list was one of candidates for election, and resumed the reading, varying it only by saying at the end — "Ladies who approve the nominations will please say Aye." Whereupon they all genteelly murmured – Aye. "Ladies who disapprove, will please say No." Of course no one said so. Some might ask what good was effected by this proceeding. I reply – "Mrs Dr Hodge, the efficient manager etc etc" brought herself into notice. Then Dr. Boardman remarked that he had been asked to make a few remarks that day upon the subject, but that it was a difficult matter, and he had few words to say. He evidently found it a difficult matter for he told a story about the appearance of a boy leading his drunken beast of a father past the Girard House. Apparently struck by the fact that this had little do with the matter in hand i.e. Widows & Single Women Aged and Indigent; he concluded the anecdote somewhat abruptly by saying — "Mothers doubtless experience the same." I was curious to know how ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B26_F9_p081.jpg) his Reverence would parse the adjective same; as qualifying what noun I mean. Also how the sentence applied to the preceding anecdote, and what it was all about, in connection with the Widows and Single Women. However a great many ladies snivelled audibly, so it must have been touching. He made up for the quality, by the quantity of his remarks, which he diluted to such a consistency of wordy bosh that he loaded the wings of sixty seconds minutes with them, so that, confined in that close vault of a hall, where one could hardly breathe, each second crawled away like a minute, each minute like an hour. I wish some one would put down this style of address. A man who is a professed servant of Christ, whose words all Christians ought to trust, is invited by a set of women to come and Address them, a phrase which means neither more nor less than in the language of Bottom "Scratch my head, good Master Peas-Blossom." Accordingly the man comes, takes our Saviou'r beautiful words, and pollutes them by saying that they are such noble women, they feed the sick, they clothe the hungry, they entertain angels unawares and so on. God's mercy man! Isn't there another passage somewhere about those who are not to let the right hand know what the left doeth; and those who blow a trumpet before them? And the silly fools sit there, while the silver-tongued fairy, Flattery soothes them to complacency, little dreaming how their Asses' heads appear to outsiders. So I well to be angry, though? No indeed. Wait till I do anything as creditable as these women, and then let me find whether I don't strut like any Pouter Pigeon. Friday A budget of the nicest letters. One from Maggie Jones, January 12 one, full of wit from Harry, one from Minnie Morris announcing that she would arrive in Philadelphia today, and another which told me that tomorrow my dear Willie goes to Morristown for three months, and after that perhaps to England. Thank God for His mercy! I wrote a long letter to Harry, and sent messengers constantly to know whether Minnie had arrived at the Girard House. About six o'clock she & ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B26_F9_p082.jpg) her husband arrived. They stayed to tea, and spent the evening. I was worried about Tom, who is worse, and Minnie was shy so it was pretty dull. They promised to come tomorrow to dinner. Saturday Kept awake a long while by our little friends the January 13 mice. Took a little walk in an interval of sunlight, and bought black silk to make myself a jacket with. For Tom says I am to go to New York on the 25th. Minnie and Mr Edwards came to dinner. Tom though better, was unable to come down. I liked Mr. Edwards quite well. After dinner, as the afternoon closed in Minnie told me all about her courtship, and when the lamps were lighted, and we drew round the table with the rest we had a long talk of old school days. Indeed, I must write about them before I forget. The few facts Minnie could add to my stock were these. Eliza Heinemann who had chills and fever, put to sleep, in a room lighted only by a pane of glass over the door of another room, with Josey Hooker dying of consumption, caught it from her, and died. She told me of the long sleeping room warmed though the night by heated air. Aired on Saturdays. The boarders routine rise, breakfast, walk immediately for an hour,* study till three, in a room with never opened windows, heated by an ill smelling furnace, at three dine on the boiled beef they have smelled for an hour, go to walk again sick or well, study for two hours, tea study till nine, prayers, bed at ten. I shall make a list of all the girls, whose names I remember, their health and fate. Those whose fate I cannot tell. I shall make a point of inquiring about, when I go to New York. Emma Bacot. B Hard student. After leaving, typhoid fever, Several years fever and ague. Lived however in an unhealthy place. Gone to Toulon Josey Hooker B. Hard student. Consumption; died at school three years I think Margaret Jones D. " " On leaving school protracted Cow fever. Ague. ten ~Minnie Morris B&D. No student. very delicate, Improved on leaving school " " Bessie Wood — " Julia Hasbrouck D. Hard student. Leaving school twisted ankle, Whole summer ten years confined to the house " Harriet Phoenix ten years " Phoebe Taylor " Tootsed. Had to leave off before the end five " Eliza Heinemann Consumption from Josey Hooker three S.P. Delafield On leaving school fever & ague seven [text written in left margin, indicated by asterisk in original text] * In an experiment on three equally healthy dogs, fed at the same time and for o Killed an hour after, it was found that one who had slept the whole hour had entirely digested his food. One who had been enticed to play had partially digested his food. One who had been forced to run constantly had his food perfectly undigested. As mental talks exertions have the same effect as physical, query whether Mrs O's routine was not more economical than the brimstone and molasses of another celebrated academy? ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B26_F9_p083.jpg) Julia Wiltbank Crazy five years Georgiana Andrews Hard student. Reviews tootsed. Brain fever " " Emily Wyeth " " Hair all came out. Sent to country " " I am sorry to find how few I remember. But I know of no girl who enjoyed good health! I was an instance of one of the healthier girls, and what was I! Sunday I called for Minnie and her husband, and took them January 14 to church with me. Dr Morton's sermon though inte- -resting was not particularly good. My eyes hurt a good deal in the evening. Read Barnes' Notes on Job. I am going to try to read a chapter and its notes regularly every night. I think Tom and I were perfectly happy Saturday night, talking about our hopes. This night Tom was up till 1/2 past 3 catching the two mice who disturbed our rest so much. Monday Went to Mme Baratet's to be measured for a dress. The January 15. poor woman must be very hard up for she begged me to allow her to make my summer dresses now. Then I went to the fluter's. On returning I found Tom in a state of great distress. A cheque of his drawn on the Merchant's Bank had been refused. I had ninety dollars in my desk, and with this I hurried down to Pat's office. Found that Tom had quite a balance in bank, and hurried up again to tell him. It turned out that the cheque had been presented at the wrong bank!! In the evening wrote up my diary from Thursday, and wrote to Will. Tuesday. Spent the morning at the school. Wrote diary, etc. January 16 Tom slept for an hour or so before dinner, as he wanted to attend a meeting of the Board of Managers of the House of Refuge, in the afternoon. He had been elected a manager and wished to resign. I tried to persuade him not to go. Failing that, I got him to rest as I said, and he promised to take care of himself, as indeed he did. At dinner they begged him not to go. Very little was said, Tom quitting the table soon to rest before he went. Then a tirade ensued on Johnny's part He said Tom ought to have excused himself. I said that he could not do so. He asked whose word I had for that. I said Tom's. He said — You don't believe what he says? To which I replied that I certainly did; hoping that he would drop the subject there, but he began — Oh yes, ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B26_F9_p084.jpg) "Love, honor & obey etc," and then went on that Tom was in a critical state, that he should not be at all surprised if he were dead when he (J) returned from the Arctic Seas. At the same time, if those who certainly had influence with him performed their duty, and kept him from doing such insane things, he might grow quite strong. As it was, he had left off remon- -strating with Tom since he married, as it was his wife's duty, and her place to take care of him — And much more in the same strain. I know it was his fondness for Tom that made him speak in this way, besides that unfortunately he has been spoiled by over-indulgence, and so forgets that other people have feelings as well as himself. So I didn't feel angry with him, but as I am nervous, and was already very much distressed about Tom, Johnny's comforting speech about his death, did not tend to make me happy. When I went upstairs I found Johnny trying to persuade Tom not to go. Johnny went off indignant presently, and soon after I could not help crying. I did not tell Tom why, of course. When he returned he brought a Mr Hart to take tea. This man stayed, talking business, till about ten. I knew Tom would suffer for it, and to distract my mind I began talking to his mother, about preparing for the baby. Her comfort was— Better not go to New York, better not make much preparation. It is exceedingly doubtful whether your child will be born alive. Is it any wonder that I was slightly depressed? The Judge came home having been eminently successful in his mission, so far. Wednesday Having come, in the tolerably sleepless watches of the night, January 17 to the conclusion that I ought to give up my home visit, it was enlivening to receive letters from Cousin Margaret, Tot, Harry and Helen, expressing their joy at my coming. Also, my new jacket that I had ordered for the express purpose of going home nicely dressed, came, fitted me beautifully, and cost a great deal. However I can't bear the waists of my afternoon dresses so it makes little difference when I bought it, as I need it at any rate. Tom wasn't at all well. I called on Aunt Alida to tell her about the Judge's success but she was not at home. Thursday An exquisite day. Tom feverish, and unwell. Went out and January 18 called on Lily Macalester at the Lapierre House. In the evening I wrote a long long letter to Cousin Mar- -garet, telling her my reasons for not coming, and speaking cheerfully about both the children that are coming. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B26_F9_p085.jpg) Tom wrote a letter to Papa at the same time, and was worse in the night. Friday A note from Papa, not telling any particular new however, January 19 As Tom was worse I went up to Becky Patterson's to refuse her kind offer of the carriage, for Tom. I found it at the door, and the good little woman insisted on my taking it for a drive. So I went down to Tieber's and bought the Illustrated News, Punch, etc for poor Tom to look at. Stopped at the College to see Miss Preston, and told her how ill poor Tom is. She tells me that Dr Johnson's place is supplied by a Mr. Gillingham who lectures pretty well. The College is very much in want of funds. Saturday Yesterday evening Tom consulted Weir about me. He says he January 20 has noticed a great change in me this fortnight, and that probably my darling little one will bring me strong health. Tom was worse last night, but better in the morning. As it was a bad day I stayed at home and wrote to Tot. Tom and I hung our room with the Elisha–Hamilton pictures in the evening. Sewed away at my collar. Sunday Twenty-one months married! A happy time to me, God January 21 knows, and I trust to dear Tom. If God makes us the parents of a living child I hope we shall perform our duty to it, and that it will draw us both nearer to God. As the rain came down at uncertain intervals all day I stayed with Tom, and had rather a pleasant time. I have been a bad girl this week, prone to take offence and blind to my own faults. Oh God, help me to correct them before my example can harm my dear child! Papa sent Tom a nice congratulatory note. He says dear Will wrote him a pleasant letter, and is well. Monday There was a perfectly furious storm last night from the N.W. January 22 This morning it gradually cleared off, and was a beautiful day, though the wind was very high. Becky sent the carriage at twelve, and we took a drive through the upper part of the town. Tom was very much fatigued by it. He says that if he does not mend quickly he will go to Savannah, and that without me, which I should not like at all. If the doctors would let him take me. I think I should rather enjoy it. I wrote a very dull note to dear Will. Lizzie Mitchell spent the evening with us, and I made quite a wonderful progress in my collar. I wish it were only finished! ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B26_F9_p086.jpg) Tuesday This morning's papers bring us bad news. Elisha's bill was January 23 laid over on the House, certainly till next Monday. God grant it may pass then! I had a pleasant note from Papa enclosing the Co-partnership notice of dear Walter's entrance into partnership; highly de- lighted with my letter to Cousin Margaret; and enclosing also a nice letter from dear Willie, in good health and spirits. — Wrote diary, put down accounts. Walked with Tom up Twelfth to Race, and back by Eleventh street. He was very much fatigued. After tea read Household Words aloud to Bessie. Perhaps I have been mistaken in deferring my baby's coming to the 28th of July, and it may be as soon as the end of the first week of July. How glad I shall be Wednesday Read a capital speech of Mr Chandler's on the Temporal January 24 Sovereignty of the Pope, in which he denied that the supremacy of the Pope could interfere with the political rights and duties of any of his spiritual subjects, quoting Bishops England and Kenrick of Baltimore, Hughes of New York, the declaration of the Pope in answer to the letter of inquiry addressed to him by the clergy of Ireland, and in the time of Pitt, the answers of the Sorbonne, Douay, Valladolid and Alcala Colleges to the three questions drawn up by the Catholic citizens of London. He acknowledged that temporal power had often been exercised by the Popes, as in the case of the Emperor Henry IV of Germany, but denied that they exercised it as by divine right solely, for in that case he con- -sidered that it would be a prerogative granted by Christ, and only to be resumed by Him. No, he said, the power was granted by the Christian princes themselves, to be withdrawn when they pleased. Doubtless the power of deposing by excommunication, which then resided in the Pope, by the constitutions of those nations; this power to bind and to loose gave him a certain spiritual right, which by many careless writers was taken for a divine right to temporal sovereignty. He did not deny that ambition and covetousness had led some Popes to misuse their powers, and but he did deny that they had ever arrogated to themselves temporal sovereignty. For myself I cannot understand why the pope, if he be God's vicegerent should not have [--] temporal power. For surely if God trusts him with our souls, he does not deny him wisdom enough to rule our bodies. And I can't understand how Catholics can admit the existence ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B26_F9_p087.jpg) of wicked Popes. However I'll ask Tom. And I must go and exercise for fear of catching cold this snowy day. Tom has been telling me about the Kanes, because I told him that I knew much more about the Leiper connection, than the Kane. And I will write down what I remember of it, lest I forget. A certain Milesius of ancient times had a descen- -dant named Cahan whose descendents under the name of O'Cahan possessed great part of Derry. Whether as head of the clan, or merely as one of the inferior branches, we come from this stock. After the deprivation confiscation of *About 1612 the property in Derry, a certain Evanue O'Kane * came down to the O'Neills in Antrim to act as factor of the lands of an O'Neill his cousin on the mother's side. He resided on property of his own, which must have been of considerable value, because in after times in the Encumbered Estates Record, his property of Sharroghs is valued at ?20,000. His son Bernard married a Martha * O'Hara, and on his death, as Catholics could not leave property to Catholics, his cousin O'Neill as suzerain made a hundred year lease of the place to Colonel O'Hara a Protestant relative of Mrs O'Kane's for the widow's benefit. He however having got it kept it, and defrauded poor Martha leaving her with two sons and two daughters. The oldest John, at the age of sixteen came out here, dropped the O' and changed his religion, becoming an Episcopalian and a fierce Tory. He married Sybil Kent, and their children were our grandfathers, and granduncles, John Elisha, Oliver, Charles, James, Elias, Archibald, and the daughters Martha who married Captain Livingston, Sybil Adeline who married Jeremias Van Rensselaer, Louisa who died unmarried Abigail married Captain Lawrence. Poor Tom was very sick at night. The Judge came home in good spirits Thursday The anniversary of my engagement three years ago! January 25 Wrote diary, & sewed, after washing silver, watering plants, tidying the room, and giving my bird seed & water, until twelve o'clock. Went to Aunt Alida's and paid quite a long visit there. Can I make up my mind to call my little pet Alida? Then took a walk with Tom. In the evening Dr Emerson, and Aunt Alida called. Friday Tom spent a restless night. The weather was very January 26 bad, and I don't remember anything else all day Minnie Morris spent the evening [writing in right margin, indicated by asterisk in text] This bad old wretch disinherited her daughter for marrying beneath her, and refused her forgiveness on her dying bed. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B26_F9_p088.jpg) Saturday Sewed etc till one. Then drove with Tom to Miss January 27 Preston's where he made an agreement with the dear little woman that I should study with her. I go first on Wednesday at one o'clock. Then I went to Mrs Rush's reception with Pat, who was looking for Sally Butler poor fellow. This was Tom's thirty-third birthday, the darling! Weir Mitchell stayed out a call till twelve at night, and so I got a great deal of my collar done. Sunday Tom well enough to walk to church with me, January 28. where I returned hearty thanks to God for bringing me in such good health and spirits through sixteen of the forty weeks which must pass ere I behold my baby! I could not help wandering to it from the sermon a great deal. Had a long talk about Fern Rock with the Judge. Was much bothered about ministers now, and in Christ's time. All sang in the evening. Monday Rained in the morning. Wrote to Willie, wrote diary, January 29 and at one o'clock went with Tom to call on poor Becky Patterson whose constant troubles are enough to overwhelm the stoutest heart. Her oldest child had a convulsion not many hours after she started for New York to remove her crazy brother from the fury of his wife's relatives. She was telegraphed for, and returned on Sunday. We found her sitting in the room with the child on her knee. He is better. Lizzie Mitchell spent the evening, and I worked a little at my collar. Today Elisha's bill passed the House, God be thanked! Tuesday A particularly uneventful day. Tom and I called again January 30 on Becky. My little sacque for Cousin Margaret's baby came home, and was greatly admired. We "fixed" it in a box to admiration. Wednesday This was the first day of my going to Miss Preston's, January 31 where I spent an exceedingly pleasant hour. She chose the Nervous System, and told me more, making me under- -stand it, than all the troublesome hours I had spent over the same subject had made me do, in May. Coming back along old Arch Street, Tom overtook me to my great delight, and we had an exceedingly pleasant walk to Dr Elder's, whom we invited to spend tomorrow evening with us. We must have walked altogether, about three miles. In the evening Bess and her mother went to church, and Tom played and sang while I sat ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B26_F9_p089.jpg) beside him. There are few of my happy hours that are more happily spent than these Wednesday evenings. I love to have dear Tom singing beside me, and I think that dear as music is to him, he would not enjoy it half as much if I did not sit by; and then, while he plays, and I sew, we dream and plan about our little one. I am sure that hope has softened all our troubles, and heightened all our happiness for months! Even if we never have the joy of holding it in our arms, we can sincerely thank our Father for the blessing of the hopes we have felt. Today also I rejoice in another blessing. Last night it was decided that the Judge should go back to Wash- -ington today, and I knew that if Tom decided upon going to the Arctic seas, his father must carry his application for a situation on board the vessel. I was very much dispirited. On the one side, I knew that Tom regarded it as his duty to go, and that he would be miserable if a foolish whim on my part kept him from seeking Elisha. Again I feared that I might be biassed by the reproaches that would fall on me if I let him go. – On the other side, I knew that my efforts to think cheerfully of his going some weeks ago, had only succeeded in making my spirits flighty and unequal, and that I was only happy when I thought of his remaining with me, to go with me to the gate of Life when I either receive the new being in my arms, on this side, or pass through to it on the other. No thought of duty performed to Elisha would ever console my dear one if he returned and found me gone, and that I had perhaps not been able to hide how I yearned for his beloved presence. — If my unhappiness at his going could only have affected me only, of course I would have let him go. But God has made a helpless creature so dependent on me, that my grief however unnoticed by others, would be severely felt by it. No one, not even Tom, can share that trust, and I could not betray it, while even now I fancy that I feel the mute appeal to my love, of its moving within me, So I had to tell dear Tom that I did not think I could bear to let him go, proving it by a hysterical fit of sobbing when my darling gave it up. Oh God, thou alone knowest all the goodness my dear husband has shown me. Do Thou bless and reward him for it! How I love him! I know that when Elisha comes back he will say Tom did right. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B26_F9_p090.jpg) Thursday After washing the silver, I sat down to my diary, and sudden- February 1st -ly discovered that I had forgotten an engagement to attend that stupid Infant School Society so I went there, and then called for Tom at his office, and took him to call at the Merchant's Hotel. In the evening Dr & Mrs Elder and Jessie, with Miss & Mrs Thompson and a Dr Ulteo spent the evening with us. And– I– finished– my– C.O.L.L.A.R.!!!!!!! I told Tom of the sensation I had felt for four or five days. I must ask Miss Preston about it. Friday Washed silver, wrote diary, pasted Elisha's papers into the February 2 scrap book, and called to ask after little Bob who is better. Also on Cousin Mary Gray. Was asked to spend the evening at Sarah Butler's, but declined. Tom and I spent it together; he in playing, I in sewing. Saturday Elisha's thirty-fifth birthday. Bitterly raw and windy. Went at February 3. 9 o'clk to Miss Preston's, and continued about the Nervous System. She thinks it rather too soon. Came home and sewed. In the evening put my collar on an under-handkerchief, (By the way it was done so badly that I must do it over again) and edged it with lace. Mother gave me some yards of stuff, and I shall begin working for my baby on Monday. God grant it may wear the clothes we prepare for it. I hear that poor Mary Field's only child is in great danger. ~ Wrote to Maggie Jones. Sunday Cold, clear and windy. Dear Tom walked to church with me. February 4. Dr Morton preached a very good sermon on the two things that require to be convinced — the heart, and the understanding, and how much better the religion of the first was. Coming home met Tom who had walked out in search of me, God bless him. The dinner table was stormy as usual. After my nap wrote diary. Tom and I read one of Arnold's Sermons, and talked the question of Sunday School vs. Church, at Fern Rock. An exceedingly pleasant evening. By the bye, I find this phrase repeated very often in the few last weeks. I suppose it is because Life has grown so "exceedingly pleasant." Monday Very cold, so I sat at home, and sewed, arranged the room, and February 5th had my hair washed before dinner. In the evening we sent off a silver vase filled with bonbons to Mrs Mitchell, and then we both wrote to Tot. Tuesday Very clear, and very cold. Finished five things for my little February 6 one which took me till twelve. Then dressed, and drove out to pay calls leaving Tom at the office. My second call was at Mr Charles Biddle's in S. 7th Street. Here the ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B26_F9_p091.jpg) gutter had overflowed, and down went one of the horses, an accident of which I was profoundly unconscious. Supposing that Robert had gone to ring the bell, I began to watch the crowd who were assembling, wondering where they were going. A gentleman opened the carriage door and asked me whether I would not get out. "Oh, no, I thank you." replied I politely. He looked puzzled for a moment, and then asked me if I knew that the horse had fallen. I could not help laughing, and when I got out, I had to wait some time before they set the horse on his legs again. This chilled me so that after paying two more calls, I gave it up and drove after Tom that he might leave a card on this gentleman. Pat brought me a book to read called "My Courtship and its consequences" by Henry Wikoff. I can't make head or tail of it. A mad woman of forty coquets with a mad man of forty, and the great puzzle of the book is whether they are most knaves or fools. In the evening we began Ruskin's Modern Painters. Wednesday This morning we found it snowing when we woke, February 7 and it snowed through the day at a lower temperature than Tom had ever know it to fall. Of course I did not go out to Miss Preston's. Marked the things I had been making, and wrote diary. In the evening Cousin Mary Gray, and a Mrs Reynolds came to tea. Thursday Spent the morning in Bessie's room with Aunt Mary February 8 who was cutting out little night gowns for me. In the evening Mrs Kane read "the Maiden and Married Life of Mary Powell, afterwards Mistress Milton" to us, while I sewed, and Bessie knitted, and Tom pasted. Friday I sewed all the morning, after about half past February 9 ten. Before that wrote part of a letter of advice to Minnie Morris. Heard that Cousin Margaret has mis- -carried. Perhaps it is better for her, and her health may improve. It certainly is better for little Henry. The Judge was depressed this evening so I sat and talked with him — French Commission – Logarithms — Leiper Estate etc. He had a violent coughing spell in the night. Saturday Day bright, walking very disagreeable. Tom and February 10. I went out for a short distance but did not enjoy it much. This has been a cruel storm in the West. I finished the first little night gown, and ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B26_F9_p092.jpg) and Tom finished a piece of work which has occupied him some weeks; sorting and arranging for binding old family letters, together with notices he has written, and genealogical memoranda generally. Some of the letters most touching, especially one of a Dr John Lawrence, (who married my great aunt Abigail Kane;) written on the death of his son, Poor Uncle James Kane's, and Aunt Morris' too. Cousin M. better. Sunday Too slippery to go to church. Tom wanted a letter of Millie's February 11 (W. Kane's) that I had. In looking for it, had to turn over heaps of old letters of mine, that made me sad. How sad and strange they will look years hence, if I live reminding me of the times "When old companions, now perchance, Estranged, forgot, or dead, Thronged round us as the autumn leaves We crush beneath our tread." Wrote my diary. I wonder if this will remain to be turned over curiously by the child whose coming I so long for, and who will may be think me coarse, or indelicate for writing down hopes and thoughts better hid in my own heart maybe. My only comfort is, that I write for no eyes but my own, and that my dear Tom and I may sometime or other look back over it and recall the happy life that we are leading now. Oh Heavenly Father, never suffer our love to diminish. Only strengthen and purify it, and make us love Thee, and our fellows more, and not each other less! And oh, Father, lead us to thy feet, whether through sorrow and suffering, or through joy and cheerfulness. Thou knowest which is best to soften our hearts, and oh Father thou knowest that in the time of our sore suffering this summer, I cried Thy will be done; only, O Lord make us Christians! And so I pray now in prosperity. And Lord, I only pray thee to grant us a child, if we may rear it up to be Thy servant, and that we may not let love for it lead us from, but to Thee. Father, Thou who art so boundless in love that Thou hast made me feel that Thou carest even for me, thou knowest all the secrets of my heart, even those that Tom does not. Oh Father help me in this! I don't know what ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B26_F9_p093.jpg) the religion of the dear husband thou gavest me, is. But I know how much more he acts like a Christian than I do, I, who profess to be one. Lord thou dost know, and if I act wrongly in the dark, please show me how I ought to do. And if he is not a Christian, make him one. Father, I am so puzzled about sects, and about the Old Testament, and all those questions. I don't feel as if they were necessary to salvation, but I know that we must believe in Christ. Oh I would be so thankful to know that he does. But if not, I pray Thee, and I know Thou wilt grant it, soon or late, that He may, because Christ said "Whatsoever ye ask in prayer, believing, ye shall receive." Lord I believe, help Thou mine unbelief! And Father, oh forgive my sins, I am so conceited, and I see other people's faults so clearly, and I don't see my own faults, and am so uncharitable; so unfitted to be a Christian wife and mother, daughter and sister. Do help me to correct them, and give me a clean heart! And, oh Father, when the time comes teach Tom and me how to perform our duty to the sacred trust Thou committest to our care. And in the mean time, make us see what we ought to do, and do it, for our dear families, and our fellow-beings. Bless Papa, and let not the care of other things choke the good seed; and unite him in real love to Cousin Margaret, and make them happy. Lord, Thou art trying dear Charlotte and Walter very hard, oh strengthen them to bear it. Oh, I wish they were happy – but Thou knowest what is best. I thank Thee so for giving Willie this chance to escape the awful fate, which seemed to await him. Lord, I feel as if I wanted so much to be the instrument to lead dear Harry, and Willie and Helen to the knowledge of, and trust in our Saviour. It seems now as if I could do nothing but pray with dear Mamma for them. Do make them Christians. And enable Cousin Margaret to bring up her children so too. And help dear Bessie Kane to fight the good faith. And bring Elisha, and Pat, and Johnny all to thy feet. Bless their father and mother, – and all widows and orphans, and all who are suffering in the world. Dear Christ pray for us. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B26_F9_p094.jpg) Monday Wrote to Willie, and sewed. Took a little slippery disagree- February 12 -able walk. Read "Andromaque" today, and "Phidre" on Saturday. Had a note from Nelly, begging me to send her a Valentine. Cousin Margaret is better. Dear Cousin Becky dined with us, and after dinner her carriage came, and Bess and I drove over to Hamilton Village. We had a lovely sunset, just a rift of orange light breaking through a leaden sky, and throwing a strange faint tinge over the snowy land, and frozen river, while the heavy wreaths of smoke from the factories on the hither side curled up through the still air. Bessie took tea at the Dunlaps, but Becky staid with us, and we had a pleasant evening. Dr Atlee or Atley, called, and entertained us with a description of his visit to Lagrainge the old Lafayette château. Lafayette's grandson was there, and told him that he was the first American visitor he had ever seen. Tuesday Went to Vogel's and bought some collars etc, for evening February 13. work. Returned, took out Tom and called at Mrs Dunlap's. We went to Front and Willow streets intending to ride in the cars of the North Pennsylvania our road. But found them not running on account of the snows. Read Racine's "Thebaïde" and two articles in the Westminster, one an absurd, tradyish flattery of Prince Albert's race, by Carlyle, entitled the "Prinzenraub." the other, "The Ballads of the present day" or something of that kind. Bell Thompson here all W the evening. Wednesday My poor bird very sick in the night. No letters February 14 from home. Wrote to Tot, and wrote diary, and learned one of the ballads from that article in the Westminster. I copy it on the next page. "Soggarth Aroon" means "Priest dear," and was written by John Banim in 1798, in reply to the taunt that an ignorant peasantry, enslaved by their priests, were led blindly into rebellion. As it rained so hard, I sent for "Cranford" a book Bessie wanted to hear, to make it a present to her. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B26_F9_p095.jpg) Soggarth Aroon. "Am I the slave they say, "Soggart Aroon? "Since you did lead the way, "Soggarth Aroon. "Their slave no more to be, "While they would work with me "Ould Ireland's slavery, "Soggarth Aroon?" "Why not her poorest man, "Soggarth Aroon, "Try and do all he can, "Soggarth Aroon, "Of his own heart and will, "Her commands to fullfill, "Side by side with you still, "Soggarth Aroon? "Loyal and brave to you, "Soggarth Aroon, "Yet be no slave to you, "Soggarth Aroon. "Nor out of fear to you, "Stand up so near to you— "Och! out of fear to you, "Soggarth Aroon? "Who in the winter night, "Soggarth Aroon, "When the cold blast did bite, "Soggarth Aroon, "Came to my cabin-door, "And on the earthen floor, "Knelt by me sick and poor, "Soggarth Aroon? "Who on the marriage-day, "Soggarth Aroon, "Made the poor cabin gay, "Soggarth Aroon, "And did both laugh and sing, "Making our hearts to ring, ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B26_F9_p096.jpg) "At the poor christening, "Soggarth Aroon? "Who as friend only met, "Soggarth Aroon; "Never did flout me yet, "Soggarth Aroon, "And when my heart was dim, "Gave while his eyes did brim, "What I should give to him, "Soggarth Aroon? "Och! you, and only you, "Soggarth Aroon! "And for this I was true to you, "Soggarth Aroon! "In love they'll never shake, "Where for Ould Ireland's sake, "We a true part did take, "Soggarth Aroon." Thursday Don't remember exactly what happened. Only my birdie was February 15 very sick and I was worried about it, and about Cousin Margaret as I had not heard for several days. So Tom tele- -graphed to know how she was. The answer was satisfactory, she was getting on very well. Friday A pleasant day! Mrs Kane was sick, so I stayed with her February 16 till 1/2 past 11. Then went to college to see Miss Preston about coming to me instead of my coming to her, and then went to the Library because I wanted a book for Mrs Kane, and Tom had prom- -ised to meet me there. We looked at a beautifully or rather, a gorgeously, bound volume printed in gold and colours; the Coats of Arms of the Crusaders, I think; and then turned to a vellum manuscript Psalms of David written in 1540, with exquisite little paintings in illustration, presenting a wonder- -ful contrast to the 1855 volume which looked very coarse beside it. Then we went to Pawson & Nicholson's and Mr Pawson showed me all the processes of book-binding. In the evening a party at Mrs Mitchell's, pretty stupid, Saturday Found dear Tom had left all the letters he is collecting February 17 partially sorted on the floor, and Jane in the course of her weekly cleaning, just about to sweep them up. Ran and called Tom to come and clear them away and as he did not want to, we had a little mis- ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B26_F9_p097.jpg) -understanding, that is, we both felt a little hurt. Sewed, and took a walk with Tom. Sewed all the evening. Sunday Dear Tom walked to church with me this lovely day February 18 and I am sure we both enjoyed it, though he had a severe cold. The sermon was a poor one, from a stranger too; but the service was delightful. In the evening had a long talk with Bessie, about Marriage etc, and on going upstairs found that dear Tom had cleared away his papers as a surprise for me. Monday In return for Tom's doings of yesterday, I waited till he February 19 went out, and then put our closet in complete order. Then I went out, and paid nine visits; the day being a very invigorating one. Wrote to Willie. In the evening finished the Newcomes. Read a little Physiology, and sewed. Tuesday Tom a little better. Wrote diary. Went to Miss Preston February 20 Friday I have had a bad cold, and have not had incidents <2. occurred?> enough March 9 of interest to make my lazy ladyship write diary. On Monday my darling began going to the office, and I hope God will see fit to give him strength enough to go regularly. I have only seen Miss Preston twice since the 20th. On Wednesday, I started but did not feel quite strong enough to go, so I returned home. The Saturday and Wednesday before, she came to me March 3rd & Feb 28. Feb. 24 I was too sick with cold to see her. Today I go to hear her last lecture of the course at college, if it is fine enough. But I am very sorry that I have been able to attend so little. I ought to have taken 11 Lessons. Twice she put off, but I alas was unable to attend her more than 5 times, making 4 absences on my part. — Went to Miss Preston's and found that her last lecture had been delivered yesterday, but she gave me a most interesting lesson on Arteries and Veins. I had great difficulty in inducing her to take any money, but at last in arranged with her at a dollar a lesson. So I owe her ten, now. Tom intended to devote the evening to me, but Dr Dunglison's sisters came in, and I had to entertain them. I made out a plan for the day through March, for Tom and myself which I hope we can keep. — A delightful note from Willie. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B26_F9_p098.jpg) Saturday Woke up at seven, the morning sunny, but very cold March 10 and windy, dust whirling by in blinding clouds. After breakfast arranged the room, put my drawers in order, and sewed till nearly eleven when I buf- -feted my way to the Female Medical College, where Tom was to meet me. It is its commencement day, as well as that of Johnny's College. He took his degree to-day. Birnbaum, the janitor was standing at the door in his best rusty black suit, and accosted me with "Well Mrs Kane, thee husband's in the Faculty Room. Will thee go there?" I told him I preferred going at once to the Meeting Room where I found nearly all the students, and several ladies and gentlemen chiefly Friends; Lucretia Mott among the number. I was pleased to see a Mrs Murray from Virginia one of the students, with a little four-year old son beside her. And the little woman's smiling pleasure in the notice he attracted, was quite a sufficient evidence that the "unwomanizing" study of med- -icine does not always deprive a woman of a motherly heart, and innocent vanity in her child. I took my seat among the students, next to my pretty Quakeress of last year. She told me quite a number of things about the students of last year. Mrs Heald, she said, the fat midwife-looking woman, has just finished her second course of lectures, yet she has been practising away for eighteen years in Maine, living in a pretty uncivilised part of the country. Minerva. F. Hoes the thin woman in rusty black though she never took her degree is coming into a very good practise in Wisconsin. Another of the students who merely studied to fit herself for a useful life, has just married, and I daresay will find cause to be thankful for knowing something about it Medicine. Brazen-looking Mrs Arnold is still there. Of last years graduates, Minna Elliger is married, and lives in Germantown. Elizabeth Shattuck has her tin up in a nice-looking house in 10th or 11th street above Filbert. She was there today. Mrs Brown lost her husband last summer and is now making a living for her children by practising in Texas. Elizabeth Bates is practising with her father, and growing quite rich, in Western New York. — ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B26_F9_p099.jpg) Presently, in came the corporators Dr Elder and Tom among them, and took their seats opposite to us. During the whole of the performance Dr E. conducted himself like an ill behaved school-girl. Then came Mr Cleveland and the professors, followed by the six graduates who took their seats immediately in front of us. Mrs Cleveland, quite a good-looking blushing young lady, with lilac ribbons in her straw hat, a black silk dress, and black velvet sacque, headed them, and proved to be the honest-faced, short haired, ugly Miss Horton of last year. Then came "Samantha Cyantha Nivison" bare-headed, with her hair Pompadour fashion, dressed in a black satin polka, and lilac silk skirt; and, next to her Mary E Smith dressed just like her. These two leaned on each other Yankee sentimental fashion; but for all that they will I should think, make their way in the world, for they have intelligent, bright faces. Next sat Mrs Thomas wife of one of the professors, dressed in black silk, and looking like a lady. She has one of those delicate clean looking skins and her soft brown hair was curled, and taken back like Nannie Dunlap's. It curled in pretty soft ringlets like a little child's. Then there was a Mrs Varney in lilac silk; and I don't remember her face, and last, Mrs Phila. O. Wilmarth in spectacles, determination, and a straw bonnet. The performances weren't very interesting. A prayer from Mr Cleveland in his eternal wadded coat, the presentation of the diplomas by him, in a Latin speech every letter of which was accented strongly, but did not enable me to understand him as well as if he had said it in decent English. To be sure his accent was English enough, but to compensate for that, Professor Kerr delivered a German-pronounced English Valedictory which was "not new, might be true, but did not much signify." Then we rose and dispersed, Mrs Mott speaking quite cordially to me, which I cannot but feel a very great honor, though Mother would turn up her nose at a Hicksite Quaker, I fear. After this Tom and I walked to a confectioner's where he gave me lunch, then to the shoemaker's, and then to the Hospital lodge, where we went last year to look at the birds. I peeped into the inner room to see the beautiful cockatoo, but only saw a blue and yellow ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B26_F9_p100.jpg) macaw biting the back of the chair on which it was perched. Its master spoke, Quit that! Whereupon it immediately turned its back to us, and then sidled round with a perfectly made up expression of indignant Pecksniffian virtue. Meanwhile the cockatoo was watching us from a sort of dresser at the side of the room, its beautiful white feathers ruffled, and trembling all over. Tom asked if it was sick or cold. No, but the other was a new bird, and the poor cockatoo was making himself sick with jealousy, and was now shaking all over with suppressed indignation. Tom next took me through the Hospital grounds, and then through the lofty upper and lower halls of the main building. It was exquisitely clean, and very pretty in its old fashioned state, I think. Then we took an omnibus to M Kenzie's and walked through his green houses all full of exquisite Camellia's. Then we walked to Gullas's and walked through his, where we found plenty of roses, etc. Tom bought me a beautiful present, 4 hyacinths, a heliotrope, a mignonnette, two splendid rose trees, and a fine wall flower (How sweet it smells, now!) and a little plant of which I don't know the name, and a Sweet Alyssum. Then we walked home. In the evening Tom talked to his father while I read to his mother, and then we went upstairs, and he read Strain's journey across Darien Isthmus to me while I sewed. Altogether I had a most delightful day. Sunday And a most delightful night too, for I slept well and March 11 had a most pleasant dream about my own darling little baby. I thought I was enjoying myself at school always with the consciousness warm about my heart of the beautiful dark-eyed little creature in the nursery at home, and that Tom came with her to meet me as I came home. Poor Tom! He was up with birdie, who was sick and he caught a sore-throat, and has such a head- -ache that he is forced to go to bed. We read a sermon of Arnold's and some of Keble, and Herbert's poetry, and I wrote diary. Now I am going to read my Bible beside my dear one. — The rest of Sunday passed away, dull enough. I can't bear Tom to be sick, dear darling that he is! ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B26_F9_p101.jpg) Monday March 12. I found this wee notice of an action of my dear Tom's of which I am proud, and paste it in here for safety. I was very busy this morning, sorting the shelves in the bookcase, fam- -iliarly known as the "office." Our room being pretty full, we dignify various holes and corners, by important names; for instance, one shelf of the bookcase holds our towels, pillow- -slips etc, and is called the "Linen Closet." Two shelves constitutre the "Office," and two more the "Library," with the aid of the recess under a shelf in one side of the double window which supports a "Conservatory" of some two dozen plants. The "wine cellar" is a corner by the bookcase, containing a few half empty bottles, and the "wood "room" a big packing box full of wood for our fire. The recess under the other window shelf is filled with letters and papers of importance, in a tea-box, an old fashioned small trunk, and a little rough wooden box. In front of the window stands a marble vase, a tall jessamine, and a nest of black-japanned tables, These drawn out, with the fireboard ingeniously balanced upon them, have served as a writing table to a boy whom Tom has employed in writing for him this winter. Next the window is a tall old marqueterie bureau, on the top of which are an enormous desk of Elisha's, my jewel box, Tom's Colt's Revolver box, and a box of French prunes. On either side are, my wash-stand, [newspaper article in the left column] March 10. 1855 Evening Bulletin CITY BULLETIN. COMMENCEMENT OF THE JEFFERSON MEDICAL COLLEGE.—The Annual Commencement of the Jefferson Medical College took place at noon, to-day at the Musi- cal Fund Hall. Long before the hour fixed for the com- mencement of the exercises the saloon was filled with a fashionable audience of ladies and gentlemen, and at twelve o'clock standing room could not be obtained. The graduating class was, as usual, very large. The degrees were conferred by Judge King, President of the Institu- tion. The valedictory address was delivered by Professor Pancoast. The usual prayers were offered at the open- ing and closing of the exercises, and a find band of music was in attendance. The following is a list of the Graduates : Allen M, Pa Gwin R D, Tenn Ogburn J F, Va Allen T J, Tenn Hagenbuch W A, O Onl J G, Pa Anawalt J W, Pa Ha[-] G W, Ill Osgood W, Pa Anthony Wm, Pa Hall R F, Ga Overton W S, Va Asch M J, Pa Hamilton J W, Pa Park W H, Ohio Ashercraft J H, Pa Hamilton S N, Va Patton T, Ohio Banner C L, N C Hanly M A, Pa Pyazant, E N, N S Barham R G, Va Harding P H, Mo Peeples P W, Miss Barr R R, N C Hardwick J R, Ga Pinkard H M, Va Barr W F, Va Harris W H, Pa Pinson W S, S C Bass R E, Va Harriss S G, Va Platsted E [-], N H Bartolette T M,N J Harvey W C, (M Plummer G H, Ia Beeler M W, Miss D), Mo Pope C M, Ga Bell E R, Ohio Haslett J D S, Pa Pope W, Ala Bell W D, Texas Hebble J, Ohio Price R A, Va Bennett E, N J Hoddens W I, Ky Quinn J H, Ohio Besselleu W F,S C Herbst W S, Jr, Pa Ramsay W C, N C Beveridge J L, Ga Hill J, S C Ramsey W P, Pa Blackford B, Jr, Va Hinchman B, (M Ransberry J Jr, Pa Boies J S, Del D), Pa Ratliff C C, Miss Boswell L A, Va Hitt W M, Ind Rawls E H, Ga Braford P S, Ala Holman H W, Va Reeve J T (MD) NY Brandt E B, Pa Hopkins B C, Del Reese C E, Ala Breed W M, Pa Hopkins B F, Va Riley J G, Ga Breitling J, Ala Hoskins W, Va Ringwalt S, Pa Brown B, (M D), Houston J, Pa Rogers J H, NY Md Hudson W M, Ct Rowland W A, Ga Brown M L, N C Hume Q R, Va Rucker W P, Va Brubaker J C, Pa Hunt D G, Ga Runyon T H, Ky Bryan C, Pa Hunt W H, Ky Russell L, Ia Buchanan GW,MoHunter S B, Mo Rutledge J I, Md Buckwell E G, O Ingram S L, Va Sarver W, Pa Buffington J F, Md Irvin G, Pa Scott D S, Ark Buffington J N, Va Irvin W, Pa Scott C H, Miss Butler A B, Ohio Jackson J S, Va Selman D, Miss Cahall L M, Del Jennings R B, Va Shepherd J B, Va Callaghan A, Mo Jornigan C H, Ala Sherrod J I, Tenn Campbell W M,NC Johnston J, Pa Shreve J R, N J Cato J F, Ga Jones D T, Md Simmons W A, N C Chew H B, Jr, Md Jones J Y, Va Simms H C (M D) Chrisman, B, Va Jones, J A, Va D C Clark H, Va Jones R A, Ala Sims J B, Ky Clark J M, Mass Jones W W, Ga Smith C M, N Y Cole J P, N J Kane J K Jr, Pa Smith H H, N H Comfort W A,C W Kay I F, Pa Smith J F, Miss Cowan G, Ky Kennedy M, Pa Spears A K, Ky Cowell J G, Mass King J F, D C Spencer C C, Ohio Craven E R, Pa Kuhn L D B (M D) Sproul S M, Mo Crothers R W, Ill Pa Stavely W R, Pa Curd J R, Va Leitch J L, Va Stewart D P, Pa Dalton G O, Mass Lewis J E, Va Stewart S F, Pa Davies W B, Va Lewitt Wm, Mich Strachan J B, Va Davis J S, Miss Lindsay A, Pa Strother R C, Va De Barres P,Cuba Logan S, Pa Swift D D, Pa Dean S H, Ga Lowman W G, Pa Tate J M, Va Denise J C, Ohio Lumpkin S P, Ga Thomas D B, N C Dickerson R J, Ala Lynn B W, Ia Thomas R Y H, SC Dickson L A, Tenn McClelland F, Pa Thomas W, Pa Dieffenbacher PL, McCorkle W A, Va Thompson K, Va Illinois McDowoll G M, Ga Todd W C, Pa Dobyns R L H, Va McEwen C, Pa Townsend A K P, Mo Donnelly C H,C W McKinney J W, Ill Turner E J, Va Dreher J G, Pa McLeed J, Ala Turner T, Va Dunham A, N Y McMullin J, Pa Upshaw W T, Tenn Failor B M, Ohio McPherson G E, Pa Vansant J, Va Fant S F, S C McPherson J H, Va Wallace R S, Pa Feay J, Pa Mackey A S, Va Warden J B, Va Finlay C, Cuba Maddox J Z, Ga Washington H W M, Finlayson W H, Madill T F, Pa Va N C Magill T, Pa Weiser J S, Pa Finley C G, S C Maris E, Pa Welch S M, Ky Fischer W E, Prus- Markle J G, Pa Wells S M, Ky sia May J R, Va Whalley J G, Ga Fisler J T, N J Miller J S, Pa White J Z, Va Fleming A, Pa Mills N J, Ky White W T, Miss Flourney D, Va Milton H O, Ala Wilkerson W W, Ala Ford G W, Pa Moody M W, Miss Willcoxon L J, Ga Freas H L, Pa Moore A P, Ark Willett E M, Ky Frederick E J, S C Moore J A, N C Wills G M, Ga Gabby R S, Ohio Morgan J, Pa Winsborough J W, Garnett O V, Ky Morrow W L, Pa Va Garnett T N, Va Moss W, Pa Wolfe D E, Del Graham L J, Ala Murry J Y, Miss Wood S S, N C Gray A R, Pa Myers W H, Ohio Woodson P T, Ga Gray J W, Ala Nash M H, Fla Woodward W W, Mo Groom E J, Pa Newman W H, Ky Worthington T E, Ky Gross F H, Pa Nichol J, N Y Young A H, Tenn Guild J, Jr. Ala Nicholson J C, Tenn Young W P, DC Total 256. We would suggest to whoever has the matter in hand, whether it would not be to the interest of the College and of the Musical Fund Society, to obtain the services of an officer who understands the rules of good breeding, to take charge of the passage in the Hall leading to the platform. The officer who held that post this morning, seemed impressed with the idea that the only way he could display his authority effectually, was by acting like an ill mannered boor. We know of men who are in the habit of filling such posts, who understand how to perform their duty with firmness, and without losing sight of the courtesy and politeness due to others. The individual on duty this morning certainly distinguished himself by a liberal dis- play of bristles. COMMENCEMENT OF THE FEMALE MEDICAL COL- LEGE.—The Fourth Annual Commencement of the Fe- male Medical College, took place at the College build- ing, No. 229 Arch street, this morning. Owing to the unwillingness of the lady graduates to appear before a crowded audience, no public announcement of the Com- mencement was made. The lecture room of the College was nevertheless well filled by a respectable and intelli- gent audience, the great majority of which was composed of ladies. The Degrees were conferred by the President, Prof. Charles D. Cleveland, upon the following named gra- dautes: Miss Emeline Norton Cleveland, N. Y. Miss Samantha S. Nivison, N. Y. Mrs. Phila O. Wilmarth, Mass. Mrs. Eliza L. S. Thomas, Ohio. Miss Mary E. Smith, N. Y. Miss Emily A. Varney, Vt. The valedictory address was delivered by Prof. Mark G. Kerr, M. D. The number of graduates is not in proportion to the number of students who attended lectures during the winter. The average attendance was forty. In several departments the lecturers and demonstrators were female professors. Quite a number of ladies, who have no in- tention of graduating as physicians, have attended lec- tures for the purpose of becoming acquainted with me- dical science. The prospects of the college are very pro- mising. [newspaper clipping in the second column] October 3rd 1850 Pennsylvania Freeman MANLY.—We learn with pleasure that Col. Thomas L. Kane of this city promptly resigned his office of United States Commissioner, on re- ceiving information of the passage of the Fugitive Slave Bill, requiring U. S. Commissioners to aid in the capture and return of fugitive slaves; de- claring his belief that "no honorable man can longer hold the office." The act is worthy of his heart, and will be honored by every man who can appreciate a noble deed. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B26_F9_p102.jpg) a marqueterie stand, and a marqueterie workstand. Opposite this corner of the room stands another bureau, with rolls of engravings and maps filling the corner between it and the wall. Then comes the projection of the chimney, and the small blank spaces on either side of the fire-place, are occupied by, a little round topped marble table, and a square black Chinese table or stool laden with atlases, diaries, account books, and dictionaries, and I have a little low chair standing near it, by the fire. It is my especial corner. Then, on the other side the chimney is the bookcase. The next side of the room contains a wood box – I beg its pardon "the wood room," the bed, and a closet, every inch of which is full. Lastly, Tom's washstand and towel-rack, and a marble topped affair, once a washstand, but now bearing a dozen medicine bottles, a medicine chest, three Pamphlet boxes, my workbox, a pen-stand, an inkbottle and some books; with a table which supports my marqueterie desk; and a chair, complete the furniture of the sides of the room. I forgot to say that under both bureaus, plate glass and engravings are stowed, and that the under part of the late washstand contains our boots and shoes. Under the bed, Tom's cravats, stockings etc find a safe but slightly inconvenient asylum in a trunk tray. The floor of the closet contains, an immense packing box full of silver. It is pushed under the bottom shelf, and the space between is full of hat boxes. On the floor are also a step-ladder and my bonnet-box. On the chimney-piece we have three statuettes, and two vases, and a miscellaneous array of ornaments occupies the top of the bookcase. On the walls are three brackets, adorned with two vases and a little ship; and a birdcage containing two canaries, and a thermometer, and two biscuit angels supporting a shell for holy water, and thirty five pictures. A big arm-chair, stands in front of the fire. Thus we have a place for everything (would that I could say everything was in its place!) save an unlucky chair which has no possible inch of room wall-room to claim, and which generally remains as near as possible to the bed, to look as if it belonged there. It often reminds me of the unfortunate shy people one sees at parties, who attach themselves firmly to a table or fire- -place by way of seeming at ease. Our room is just How different from the accommodations of 38. and poor Tom's sickness has ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B26_F9_p103.jpg) kept him almost constantly in his room, where I, of course have stayed with him, and our attractions joined to the woodfire have made it a constant resort of the family. I'm afraid Tom has found me pretty cross at the little discomforts of being so crowded, yet ah how happy I have been here! Many a time in future years I shall think lovingly of our "three-pair-back." — After this long digression I must return to my diary. I wrote to Will, and mended Tom's clothes all the rest of the morning till I dressed for dinner. Dinner today was a very unpleasant meal. In the evening I read about the "Bourbons in Spain." Yesterday poor Aunt Ann carried off the remainder of baby's little night dresses and petticoats, saying it was a comfort to her to make them, for she could not fix her mind to a book. Her husband died about this time last year. How kind she and Aunt Mary have been about my baby! Dear little pet, I shall be so thankful when it comes! March 13. Tuesday. I wrote a long diary this rainy morning, and sorted letters, which occupied me until about one. Tom was at home today, and yesterday busy about Circuit Court Reports. Sewed the remainder of the morning. Old Dr Janeway spent the evening here, and my dear pet devoted himself to his entertainment, greatly to his mother's delight. We had family worship too, a great pleasure to me. Wednesday The weather still continues dull, and though I went out, Tom did March 14 not. Dr Janeway went away after breakfast, and we had prayers again. He told Tom a variety of interesting things. Among others, Tom told me of Whitfield's preaching here. Dr J- said that when he preached at the foot of St George's flagstaff, on the Fish Market Hill his voice could be heard on the opposite shore of the Delaware. He had heard from her own lips the account of her cataleptic trance, which Tom says is a very celebrated case. I wrote to Papa asking for a copy of the prayers Mamma wrote for his use, as I want them for family worship at Fern Rock. Had a long letter from dear Tot which I answered. Went to call on Aunt Alida who was bitter-sweet. I am getting on famously with my sewing. I am putting our wardrobes in order mending what will mend, rejecting what is past use, and putting under handkerchiefs on my collars, and making new under-sleeves. — Tom received today ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B26_F9_p104.jpg) the things we have ordered from France. Some dozens of wreaths, for the school. A book explaining the operations of the workmen in half a dozen colored prints of trades, and several others on the Salles d'asile. I began one Mlle Carpantier's little Manuel des Salles d'asile, and am very much interested. There are two or three song books also. I shall devote, at least I intend to try to do so, half an hour or so a day to translating some of these things. Then there are medals and chains, a "claquoir" a "diapason in" For a or some letter, and several mathematical figures in bass wood. I hope they will prove useful. Thursday I grieve to find, in looking over my list of books read, how March 15 much trash I have swallowed. It is a capital reproof. I had no idea of it before. — Today is a storm of rain accom- -panied with thunder & lightning. I had a note from Nell which has annoyed me a good deal. She says that Papa has taken his passage for the thirtieth of March. But I hope that is a mistake. I sewed a good deal today, and read some Physiology as well as Mlle Carpantier's book which i will send to Matty Leiper, I think, when I have finished it. Jane's, the housemaid's, brother was here S in the evening and interested me very much by his descriptions of California. Friday Murky and dull as the morning is, Tom has gone to March 16 the office. I hope he will take care of himself. After drying silver, watering plants, putting room in order, sat down to read my Bible, and write my diary. Received a note from Papa agreeing to let me have the prayers on condition of secresy as to their source. Wrote to Nell à propos of their going to Brattleboro. Worked for two hours at what I want to do for Tom. Read Mlle Carpantier's book for an hour. It is the most interesting book on Education I ever read. Tom and I started off after tea to go to a concert. We could get no seats, and then we tried to go to a panorama, but it was shut up, so we returned home pretty weary, but anticipating great pleasure from our drive tomorrow, which we deferred for two weeks so as to be sure to have mild weather. Saturday Woke up to find it raining heavily. No chance of clearing, March 17 I fear, either. At least this rain so tormenting to us, is exceedingly beneficial to the country. Tom was at home all day so I got no chance of working for him. But I translated some French for at least two hours and a half, took a lesson from Miss Preston, a very interesting one, too, and sewed. Bess went to church in the evening, and Mother sat with me, till Tom ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B26_F9_p105.jpg) came down to sing. Sunday A dull day out of doors, but amost happy one. It was Com- March 18 -munion Sunday, and I went to church with Bess and the Judge Tom walked down with me, and in the evening Bess and I had an interesting talk about the world's progress, and Infant baptism, the substance of which I told my darling afterwards. Monday A glorious morning cold and clear. Tom agreed to let me March 19 walk to the office with him, so after reading my Bible, tidying the room, diarising etc I got ready to go. We found the weather so delicious, and so much warmer than we had expected that Tom promised to take me a drive perhaps, if I would go and lie down for an hour, which I did. Then I wrote to Willie, and at last Tom came, and we drove out to Swift's and back. Oh how lovely the country looked. And we heard the blue-birds sing, and I enjoyed myself intensely, but I over fatigued my dearest Tom selfishly letting him drive me far further than his strength ought to have permitted. So that he was too weary even to sleep at night. He told me that we are at last completely free from debt. How nice that is! I hope we can keep free now! Tuesday To Mme Baratet's where I grew so fatigued that I was forced to rest March 20 till it was time to call on Aunt Maria which Bess and I at length happily accomplished. In the evening Mr Wharton called, and stayed till 12. He told me the name of a book in which I can find that story of Is that I could not remember to tell Tom. What a quantity of charming stories I can easily recall to tell my little one when it grows old enough! Wednesday Tom had to visit Mr Ingersoll early in the morning March 21 and I occupied myself in tidying the room, writing to Cousin Margaret etc, and then started to go down to Brown's for some Otto of Roses to perfume salad oil with, for Tom's hair. Just at the door I met him. He had stopped to see whether I could not walk with him. So I went down as far as his office with him, and it was very pleasant. Aunt Maria called and paid a long visit. Mother, father and I saw her. It was pleasant to me to feel as I did, for they seemed to feel as a if I were a daughter of theirs. I translated for about an hour. My darling was very pleased with my new dress. Read all the evening. Thursday Oh, I am so disappointed! Dr Hays will not let Bessie go March 22 to the Water Care with Tot. I hope Tot will go at any rate, ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B26_F9_p106.jpg) though it will be very dull without Bessie. Walked to the office with Tom, put room in order, watered plants, read my Bible, and began writing to Tot. The other day I learned the following lines for Tom. As I have no printed copy I will write them down lest I forget them "Knowst thou the land where citron-apples bloom, And oranges, like gold in leafy gloom? A gentle wind from deep blue heaven blows The myrtle thick, and high the laurel grows. Knowest thou it then? 'Tis there, 'tis there, O my true loved one, thou with me must go. Knowest thou the house, the porch with pillars tall, The rooms do glitter, glitters bright the hall, And marble statues stand and look each one "What's this, poor child, to thee they've done?" Knowest thou it then? 'Tis there, 'tis there O my protector, thou with me must go. Knowest thou the hill, the bridge that hangs on cloud, The mules in mist grope o'er the torrent loud. In caves lie coiled the dragon's ancient brood, The crag leaps down, and over it the flood, Knowest thou it then? 'Tis there, 'tis there Our way runs, O my father, wilt thou go?" Carlyle's Translation of Mignon's song Tom brought me home $62,00: the first office receipts since we have been out of debt. My eyes hurt me a little, so instead of reading, I devoted my time to entirely re-arranging, and tying together ready for binding a series of letters, first between Tom and Papa, beginning in Nov. 1851; then between Tom, Papa and myself during our engagement, then letters from all my family from the day after our marriage till Dec. 30. 1853, and all the letters that have passed between Tom and me in our short separations since our marriage. I am so sorry that I didn't keep my letters from home in '54. When we cleaned house in the summer I destroyed them because Tom was sick and I had no time to arrange them, and after that I had no heart to collect them. Besides my letters I have "Walter and Mary Dennistoun, our Antietam visit, and a pencil diary of the first six months of our marriage. These I thought of copying out uniform with the greater number of letters and having them bound as a wedding gift to Tom, this second anniversary of our marriage. My Letter book will hold all my home letters now, and this diary ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B26_F9_p107.jpg) begins with 1854. So now, my house is set in order, in that respect, and if I die this summer, and my baby lives, it may perhaps grow up to feel an interest in reading all that it can find telling it how its mother and father first fell in love, and what a happy life they led together. Dear Tom! If I die, he will feel more pain than pleasure in looking over them. Friday After washing silver and so on walked to the office with March 23 Tom, and got a book "La Bretagne Ancienne et Moderne" from the Library, and did a couple of errands for Bess and her mother. Then went to the dressmaker's, and thence to the Mitchell's to pay a duty visit, and also to get "O would I were where Helen lies" to learn for Tom. Wrote diary, and tidied room. This occupied me till dinner time. In the evening I read parts of "La Bretagne" to Bessie. I had a letter from dear Papa, and a package enclosing two manuscripts books of prayer written by Mamma and himself. Saturday I was very busy, and did not go out at all, being occupied March 24 in helping to prepare the rooms for the Wistar party, and my own for the reception of Lizzie Mitchell who spent the evening with us. My room looked really very pretty. Lizzie read the new number of the Newcomes aloud, and we had a very pleasant evening. The Judge's party went off very well. He is exceedingly delighted with Lieut. Hartstine the Commander of the new Search Expedition. Sunday A very pleasant day to me though not to dear Tom who March 25 had to go twice to the House of Refuge. I have given up my pew at Dr Morton's because I cannot afford to pay six months rent and only go one month more. So I went to church with the Kanes, and being in the right "frame of mind" was very happy. After dinner talked to Aunt Mary about her workmen's library plan, and read one of the books of prayer through. In the evening had one of the talks I enjoy so, with my boy, and our room looked beautiful with a fine wood fire blazing, and the light flickering on the walls. After the singing we had Pat and the Judge up there. The latter remained till bed-time. Sixteen weeks hence! Monday A clear beautiful day though rather cold. After reading March 26 my Bible, and tidying my room; put down accounts and read Diary. Wrote to Papa, and to Willie. Called on Aunt Alida to tell her how much Tom was obliged to her for helping him to a minister yesterday. Then took the omnibus to Pat's office, his mother having asked me deliver a message there. Then took ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B26_F9_p108.jpg) the omnibus up to Becky Patterson's where I sat some time. Then I called on Mrs Holmes whom I found still sick in bed, so I sat about an hour with her, and then walked home. At the door I was overtaken by Tom, to whom I gave a full account of all my doings, and sat down to write diary. They deferred dinner for an hour to-day, unknown to me, and as it is now the proper dinner hour, I am ravenous, and very cross. If there were any one to be cross to! Tuesday Poor Tom is confined to bed today and is really suffering March 27 very much indeed. Oh, how I wish I could make him well! It was so raw and windy today that I did not go out. Busied myself in tidying an "odds and ends" drawer of Mother's, and, I am ashamed to say in reading another novel when not waiting on Tom. Down it must go in my disgraceful list. Wednesday Walked to Becky Patterson's, and found that her poor baby March 28 has another of her attacks of convulsions. Walked home with Cousin Mary Gray, and gratified her very much by telling her that James Taylor's calling his child after her had defeated me in a similar intention. Poor dear Tom still in bed. I wish I had as much patience as he has. It is so sore a trial for a man to be long sick. I had a sweet cordial note from C. Margaret. Thursday Tom is very much better, and I had a pleasant March 29. letter from dear Tot. After washing silver, tidying room, etc, wrote to Cousin Margaret. Paid three calls today, and in the course of them found myself at the Exchange, whence I took omnibus to Chesnut & Sixteenth Streets, to the dressmakers milliner's and then walked home, making about 20 squares which is a pretty long walk for a me. It did me good however, and no harm. Occupied the evening in ciphering for Tom. Friday Started at 10 with Bess. Went to the dressmaker's, and then rode down March 30 to Second Street where we chose straw bonnets, and then strolled up to look at old Christ Church lying quiet in the sunlight. The rest of the morning we spent in hunting bonnet ribbons. I had a delightfully long letter from Papa, and dear Tom is much better, so I had a very pleasant day. Wrote to Tot in the evening Saturday This was one of those enervating spring days, when walking March 31 becomes more pain than pleasure. Spent an hour with Miss Preston, and then lay down till dinner time. Don't remember what I did in the evening. Oh yes, I do! Robert Scott brought me a beautiful bouquet, and he stopt stayed a long time talking about old Irish with Tom. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B26_F9_p109.jpg) Sunday Went to church with the family, and heard a sermon on the April 1 text_ "Jesus wept." Did not like it at all. Formed a plan of going with Tom to spend the month of May at Florence with Tot. I grounded my arguments on what I knew would be the only plea that could move Tom; the benefit my health and spirits would derive. This though was one object, though far from being the main one which was Tom's health. He might have yielded, but my plan was overthrown by mother's saying I must be back by the middle of May, and as it was quite cool here till then there was no use of our going. Monday Today was so cold and windy that Mother said i must not April 2 walk, so I drove out with Tom who had several business errands to attend to. I forget the evening's occurrences Tuesday I don't remember any of Tuesday's occurrences at all. Nor April 3 — I weighed yesterday 113 lbs. w. 26 [-] 20. o. 36. Wednesday I went to Miss Preston's after a most annoying detention, and quite a scolding from dear Tom for getting flurried. We went to the college so as to be able to get at the models, and finished the growth of the embryo. I was so glad to see what a pretty little creature it is at four months, and mine is six! Miss Preston said enough to convince me that dear Tom will be rewarded for his goodness to me, in the strength of mind and body of his dear wee baby. And my happiness all this time will act upon it! God bless it, and teach us to be good parents! Thursday I ought to have gone to the Infant School meeting today, April 5. especially as I intended to resign, but it rained too hard. It is well I had such delightful weather to exercise in, yesterday. Put my room in order, arranged papers etc, and sewed. In the evening we had quite a party. I hated to go down but thought it best, and every one said I looked very well indeed. Wrote to Tot. Friday The morning is lovely, and I am going out with Bessie. On April 6 Tuesday I now remember that I went out as far as the new North Penn R,R. goes. — We took the omnibus to Hamilton Village where we visited Mary Field and had a delicious walk. In the evening sewed and read to the Judge. Saturday Bessie, Tom, Mother, and I, drove out to Fern Rock and spent a April 7 couple of hours in wandering through the place. Poor Tom was very disappointed at the smallness of our room. It did look smaller than even I had fancied, but then it was full of the men's things, and had only the brown coat of plaster. In the evening we called upon Mrs Andrews at the Mitchells ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B26_F9_p110.jpg) Sunday Easter Sunday. In the morning I learned "Rise heart, thy April 8 Lord is risen" and we read a capital sermon of Arnold's Then to Mr Shield's where I heard a most forlorn sermon. Tom and I took a little walk before tea. He was very much depressed about his want of strength. Oh, my God, watch over us this summer, and if Thou seest fit, renew his strength and mine! Nevertheless not my will, but Thine be done! — Tom and I were talking about the furniture of our u room. I shall reject all superfl^ous furniture, and take in only such things as are absolutely necessary. As soon as my dear little baby needs them, I must have a plain piece of furniture with a cupboard underneath, whose top may serve as a table; and a little wicker chair for it. Tom and I must make up our minds not to have the sort of bed and sitting room, we have always had, and just to keep out of the nursery as much as possible, I propose arranging the furni- -ture as follows— 1 Side of the room. Window with a chair, marqueterie bureau (la vache) window with a chair. In the corner chinese washstand. 2 Side of the room Chinese stool for baby basket. Fire place. Crib. 3 Window Bed. Window with table in. 4. Tall marqueterie bureau between closet doors, ditto washstand. Little bath under the bed, Easy chair in the centre of the room. I think it will be better to avoid having any more furniture in the room till the nurse goes. I must therefore put elsewhere, the big carved arm chair, the little carved chair, the iron table and the marble vase, and all my poor books. Where, I don't know. Monday The body of a murdered woman was discovered at half past April 9 ten yesterday either in our woods or very near. I suppose we shall soon hear all the particulars. It was very dull and rainy in the morning. I sat at home, read, wrote, and sewed and read aloud to the Judge. After dinner we went over to Mr Peale's and saw a pretty assemblage of children enjoying tricks of legerdemain and ventriloquism. Then Bess Tom & I went up to Burns' and took an ice cream there. Saw a glorious sunset as we returned home. Miss Peale spent the evening here. Tuesday Watered plants, wrote to Tos. wrote diary, washed silver, and April 10. read my chapter. These are my morning occupation and when I don't put it in, I must remember that I have done them. Besides this on Mondays I write to dear Willie. Helped Bessie sort letters. Talked or rather listened to the Judge for two hours and then read to him till Tom came home. After tea Tom Bess and I went to hear a Lecture on Music from ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B26_F9_p111.jpg) a Professor Crouch illustrated with singing by his wife & himself. Only about thirty people in the room. Wednesday Bess and I went to the school this morning where Tom April 11 met us and walked home with us. This occupied our morning In the evening read to, and talked with the Judge. Thursday Made an appointment to pay my respects to James Taylor's baby April 12 but Mother, my companion that on was to have been, was too sick from imprudently going out before breakfast. She commissioned me to buy it a fifty cent mug in Walnut Street, but I bought a $2.00 one at Tyndale's which I shall give her instead. She need not know. So walked with Tom to the corner of Seventh and Chesnut, and then left my laces to be done up in Eighth below Walnut. Walked home, rested for half an hour, then walked up with Aunt Mary to Cousin Mary Gray's. She pestered me to go to the Orphan's Fair which I promised. Called on Becky, found her better, and had a romp with little Bessie. Asked her about clothes, she was very kind and cordial, said she would make my blanket, and offered to trim my caps. She forced upon me a little frock, apron, and a pretty flannel petticoat. Stopped on my return, at the fair. Bought my ticket, a pair of socks, and set down my name in a raffle for a little sacque. My dear little baby, what pleasure it is to think of you & prepare for your coming! Wrote to Willie, as his birthday is near and I wanted him to have a letter from me, and a little diary I have for him. I also wrote to Cousin Margaret. I went to bed early as I had a bad cough and cold. Friday Tom made me stay in bed to breakfast as I had such a cough, April 13 but I got up immediately after, saw a lady who called on business, and then went out with Mother, and shopped. We took an omnibus and went up to see James Taylor's baby. My heart warmed to the poor little thing though Mother thought it very ugly. Oh my dear baby what a comfort you will be to us all if God gives you to us! Came home, tidied my room, and wrote diary. I had a capital note from Papa. In the evening sewed and wrote ciphered for Tom. Saturday Read my Bible, put my room in order, wrote diary, and put away April 14 all my winter silks. Walked down with Tom, and on my return bought some flannel, a sacque and a frock and some socks for our baby. Tom came home very tired, and when I showed him the little socks, he was very much touched. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B26_F9_p112.jpg) In the evening ciphered for Tom. He is writing editorials to incline public opinion in favour of Infant Schools. Sunday Yesterday was my dear Willie's fourteenth birthday. God April 15. grant him health of mind and body! Today is very rainy, and so I cannot get to church. Tom was unwell at night, and I am very worried about him. Oh merciful Father, take care of him and if it be possible consistently with thy will, make him well and strong this summer. For Christ's sake, Amen! Monday Made arrangements for having baby's frocks made at the Depository, April 16 and bought edging to a ruinous amount. Met Tom and we visited the Colored and White Schools of the Infant School Society. This occu- -pied my morning. After my nap I found the evening so lovely that I walked to Aunt Alida's. I offered to give her my bird, as my time henceforward will I hope be occupied with a dearer pet. In the evening mended Tom's clothes and cyphered. If tomorrow is fine, we are to go after the school Celebration to take a drive. Tuesday Went down with Bess to be present at the School Examination, where April 17 we met Tom. Walked home with him, and we had a delightful drive. A rain cloud coming up, we sheltered in our room at Fern Rock till the shower was over, and as Tom felt much dis- -pirited at the smallness of the room I made him measure it. He found it rather larger than he had supposed, so he cheered up a little. In the evening, Tom went to poor Mr Crouch's Concert, another excruciating failure. When we went up to our room Tom sat on my knee, and we had a merry conversation looking forward to baby's coming. At last Tom said we never should get to bed if he stayed there any longer. So I kissed him and when he went away I could not help thanking God for the pleasant day I had enjoyed. I undressed and went to bed, when I was startled by a sound like a fall, and Johnny's voice raised in contention – with Pat, as I supposed. A minute after, Tom came in and I begged him to see what was the matter. He assured me it was nothing, Pat was not up there at all etc. So I lay down. Presently there was a furious rush at our door and Johnny began abusing Tom. I was so frightened that I began to cry — oh, there's no use talking about it. but were I not expecting Tot, I think I should get Tom to take me to stay at Aunt Mary's. I want to live in love and peace with every one, so that my dear baby may have a quiet loving temper, but I live in constant fear of Johnny's temper leading him to hurt Tom; and I am sure that this cannot but have some ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B26_F9_p113.jpg) unfavorable influence on baby. I do try to like Johnny as much as I can, but I am so much afraid of him that I can't help looking forward to his going away with eagerness. I know this is wrong and wicked, and I try to feel differently, and I pray God to make me not dislike him, but only be sorry for him. God bless my own dear Tom, and oh dear Christ, in thy love and tenderness have compassion on him and make him a Christian. He is so good, and if he only knew the Saviour of Mankind as his he would be so happy. Oh Father, if thou seest fit to send ill health, or poverty, or loss of friends or even of our child, I will kiss the rod, so it bring him to Thy feet. Merciful Father, have mercy on him! Wednesday I forgot to say that I wrote a nice long letter to Maggie April 18 Jones last night, so I owe no letters to any one. Having several things to do, I thought I would walk down with Tom, and see whether a letter from home had come for me. Tom left me at the corner of Fifth street bidding me walk no further than Bailey's and there wait for him. After walking up and down till every one stared at me, and till I was so tired that I could have cried. So I concluded that Tom had forgotten me and that even if he remembered me at last & came to look for me he would soon conclude I had gone home, and that I ought not to delay going home, and so risk my baby's life for the sake of sparing him a momentary uncertainty. I hope he did forget me, for I would not have him uneasy for the world. I took an omnibus home, and after resting about an hour I thought I would go out to pay one of the bills I had to pay. But after walking one square I found myself so weary that I turned round & came home I had to rest ever since till now. Poor Tom came home utterly worn out and dreadfully depressed in spirit. He had forgotten me, and made a mistake in his accounts. I could not cheer him all day long. We called at the Wetherill's in the evening, and saw the beautiful "occultation of Venus" as we went along. We thought of poor Elisha, who if alive was certainly looking at this very sight. Thursday Tom was depressed this morning, and I hated to let him April 19 go to the office. After writing my diary sewing etc I drove with Mrs Kane to Fern Rock where I collected a quantity of wild flowers. In the evening Bess Tom and I went to Tompkin's ice cream place. It was very warm today the thermometer at 80 deg. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B26_F9_p114.jpg) Friday 20 My dear Tot came today. I spent the morning sitting with poor Cousin Mary Gray who is pretty sick, and then drove down to meet Tot with my dearest Tom. Tot and Helen too, are going to England, and cannot return at the soonest before September. I ought to rejoice, and instead I feel very sorry to miss them all — If I should never see them again! I was very glad to see dear dear Tot, and think of hearing all the home news. We had dinner company which kept me from talking with her. Tomorrow I hope to see more of her. Saturday The second anniversary of my wedding-day. My April 21 God I am very thankful to Thee. Help me to do right this year, and watch over my dear Tom! We had resolved for a year to drive together this day but Mother wanted Tom to take Bessie and Charlotte to Mrs Rush's. So I thought it better that we should give up our own pleasure till Monday. I propose going to see dear Becky who is so sick and ill poor thing. Cousin Margaret gave me two beautiful frock waists for baby, and I must write and thank her. — I wrote to C. M. and when I went down with [-] my letter I found that they had changed their minds, and we were to go to Fern Rock. By the time I was dressed, the carriage was at the door. Poor Tot had a sick headache which how- -ever grew much better as we went on, and Tom did not feel well, and was depressed. So that Bess and I were the only ones who felt well. I was in high spirits, first because it was my wedding day, next, because it was to me a great frolic, and third, because there was a delicious breeze and the country looked lovely. But Tom said he hoped never to have to go there again till the place was ready for us, and Tot looked pale and so I felt that I had been very selfish. When I came to dinner I found a long letter from Papa, on my plate, written in so sweet a tone dear fellow, and enclosing a hundred dollars for me to purchase for "her grandchild" the things Mamma would have bought, that it almost made me cry. I gave it to Tom to read, but though he thought it written in a kind manner he evidently thought that Papa fancied us poor, and he was hurt and wanted me to send it back. I was very very distressed, for I understood Papa's feeling, and knew how hurt he would be. — In the evening helped Mother ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B26_F9_p115.jpg) with her accounts. I prayed to God to help me to do right but I felt very unhappy. I wish I had forgotten myself and my feelings, and only tried to make the day pass pleasantly to the rest. I felt so much better when I succeeded in doing it for a time. But it was a very sorrowful wedding day. Sunday My dearest Tot, and I, went to Dr Morton's church April 22 together, where we heard a capital sermon as his, always seem to me, and then Tot and I walked home together and had a comforting delightful talk. At dinner there was a discussion of Mr Shield's sermon, which I am glad I missed. I should not have liked it at all. After our afternoon nap, Tom and I took a long stroll through the sweet spring evening air, and stopped at Cousin Mary Gray's to see how she is. We found her better. As I must answer dear Papa's letter today tomorrow I thought it best to talk to Tom, as the discussion of the subject must come sooner or later. Dear Tom was sorry I was worried, and tried to comfort me. He said I need not send the money back, but write and thank Papa as I would have done if I had not consulted him, and then we could send him either the children's pictures or a pony for the little ones, or a piano for Tot, and then he would not feel badly about it. I suppose that is best, but I am afraid I cannot write to Papa as I would have done, for I should have thanked him and told him that I would delight in arraying my little treasure in things that he and I both felt were given as from dear Mamma. I prayed to God to help me to feel rightly, and tried to look at it from Tom's point of view, but I can't feel a bit of repugnance to taking anything from Papa. Tom said, I surely did not need the money; did not he give me as much as ever I wanted, and I surely had not wished in vain for anything for baby. Dear Tom! He does not understand my point of view, any better than I under- -stand his. I have been sorry I spent so much on baby's frocks, and I shall avoid spending any more than I can help either on it or on myself, not because I ever dreamed of his grudging me anything, God bless him, I know he would coin his life blood into money if I wanted it, but because, with our other expenses, I don't think our income justifies me in spending what ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B26_F9_p116.jpg) I do. I can't tell him this because he is sick, and troubled about money matters now, but I write it down because if I die and he looks over this I'd like him to understand all my foolishnesses. I have, I confess, a great wish to dress my baby beautifully, and I think I ought not to do more than dress it plainly and clean- -ly, and the twelve dollars I paid for trimmings lies on my conscience. I thought it would be very nice to have this for then I should not feel that I was taking the money away from wiser objects if I did array my pet in the "goodly Babylonish raiment" dear Papa spoke of, and my conscience would be lightened of the twelve dollars. I wonder if I have not hit the selfishness which lay at the root of my bother and trouble. I know I was not so bad as to have that for the real reason, but I daresay the devil put it there to trouble my peace, nicely hidden under the better feelings. I daresay it is so, for I prayed to God to make me feel rightly, and I know He would grant my prayer, and since I looked into my heart and found this selfishness out, I feel much better, and I trust the bitterness is gone, and I can write to dear Papa tomorrow, and not distress my darling Tom with a sorrowful face. Oh, dear Christ, help me to tear this hateful selfish- -ness out of my heart, and to love Thee and my fellow creatures and forget myself! Amen! — We were called down to the Sunday singing which lasted till bed-time. Monday Tom and Tot and I walked down together, and then April 23 Tot and I rode up to Becky Patterson's where I called, & then called for Tot at Cousin Mary Gray's. Then we drove home. I wrote my usual note to Willie, and one to dear Papa. I put away the $100 cheque in an envelope, and I am very thankful that I have no naughty feeling left about it. I spent the whole afternoon in entertaining Martha Carey and her baby. In the evening I finished a little apron and read "Histoire d'une Salle d'Asile" while Tom and Tot and Bess sang. Tuesday Tot and I bought some silk that I required for an afternoon dress. April 24 We called on the Mitchells I am going to ask Tom whether he does not think it would be right to buy something or other with a little of the ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B26_F9_p117.jpg) money to represent Papa's gift. When he wrote and felt so kindly about dear baby I'd like it to wear some thing of his giving. I hope that won't hurt my boy's feelings but I don't understand the subject very well. I did ask Tom but he said he thought it right though he did not feel like it. He said – Take some thing of the baby's and say he gave it, but don't break into the cheque. I won't do that though because it isn't so at all. So I shall just drop the subject. I wish dear Papa had not given me so lavish- -ly. Baby might have really worn his gift then, as it will if it lives, wear gifts of a dozen people for whom I don't care a straw compared to Papa. A Dr John Miller and a Mr Talbot called and spent the evening. Today I read through one of Fouqué's sweet pure stories — Thiodolf the Icelander. Wednesday Wrote to invite the Dunlaps to tea tomorrow, and when I April 25 came home found a note of acceptance. Tom brought a wagon at half past eleven, and we were to drive round by the Falls of Schuylkill. But he thought that it would be better to drive to Fern Rock to please his mother where we stayed till half past three, and as I had nothing to do, I found it pretty dull. In the drive there we passed old Rensselaer and I am glad my darling got it over. We had a lovely drive as far as Fern Rock by the old Second Street Road, but it was very hot. Read Histoire d'une Salle d'Asile in the evening, while Tot and Tom played and sang. Thursday Walked down with Tom, and then rode up to Becky April 26 Patterson's and found her looking better. Camphored my furs & put them away. Sewed and read. Our good friends, the Dunlaps, spent the evening with us, and I think that with Tot's aid, they enjoyed themselves very well. Friday A long kind note from Papa, who would evidently be much April 27 pleased if we named our baby after her grandmother. How funny that is! I have written her unconsciously. We spent a pleasant day at Aunt Mary's. As usual however I caught cold. Saturday Wrote to Nell. Bought books for the children to read at April 28 sea, and a baby basket of which I commenced making the lining. Sewed a good deal. Lily Macalester spent the evening here but my cold made me spend the evening in my own room. Dear Tom was very well today. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B26_F9_p118.jpg) Sunday I went to Dr Morton's with Tot and Bessie. The sermon April 29 was not so interesting to me as last Sunday's, but the girls liked it very much. I read some parts of Mrs Stowe's book, the Mayflower, and took a stroll with Tom before tea. After the evening singing, wrote diary. Monday Today rose cold and dull. I therefore did not go out, April 30 and after I had performed my morning duties which included my weekly letter to Willie, I set to work sewing and completed the lining and arranging of my baby basket. I think it looks very pretty, and I saved more than three dollars and a half by making it myself. Commenced Kingsley's "Sir Amyas Leigh" Tom spent the evening at a Mr Hupfeldt's "practisings" and enjoyed it exceedingly, I was so glad, the darling! What a perfect castle-in-the-air of happiness I live, with such a darling husband and a dear little baby coming! Tuesday Only two months and a half before baby comes! May 1 How delightful! Oh my baby, my baby God make me a good mother to you. Tom wrote today to tell Papa that I would name it after Mamma if it is a little girl. If a boy, I mean to name it Willie. I sewed very little and read Sir Amyas Leigh nearly all day, shame on me! In the evening, my dearest, and I, went to the Academy, and were just beginning to enjoy some exquisite pictures when the bell rang, and we had to go. It seems to me that there are more good pictures than usual this year. Hamilton has some exquisite dreamy scenes, and I saw a lovely night-piece with a quiet moon just rising behind the dark shoulder of a mountain, by Lessing. Seabey had two marine views neither of which I liked one but, though Tom admired them hugely. I thought the waves looked like smeerkäse, and one of the pictures, a wreck on the coast of France seemed as if he had squeezed it to make it fit into the frame. There was a picture I liked very much, called "Malaria" only that the boat in it lay on the water, not in it. Tom liked some pictures by an artist named Rothermel on account of their coloring. I saw some beautiful sea views, something like Hamilton's in coloring but the figures were better drawn than his ever are. I think that the artist's name was Schoessole. There was an eclipse of the moon tonight, not half so beautiful as the Occultation of Venus. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B26_F9_p119.jpg) Wednesday I sewed and read in the morning. I also paid two visits. After dinner May 2 I lay down to rest, and when I rose had the unexpected pleasure of seeing dear Walter. His eyes have been paining him so he had left business for a week. He had to sit in a dark corner of the room while Dr Elder, who, with his wife took tea with us, read some passages from a forthcoming book of his, which was delightfully interesting. Thursday Today is the anniversary Widow's May Party but I shall miss May 3 it, as Mrs. Kane thinks the exertion would be rather too much for me. I feel sorry to miss the going there, and returning with my boy, as it would be the third time of so doing since our marriage, and I love to keep anniversaries, but I am not sorry to miss the entertainment itself. I felt very unchristianly this morning be at breakfast about a poor slave woman. I am sorry for it. — I walked down with my dear Tom and rode home. I am afraid our projected expedition to Fern Rock tomorrow will come to naught, as the sky gives warning of an easterly storm. Today Walter visits the Navy Yard with Johnny, and they propose that on Saturday they should start for the Delaware Water Gap, return on Tuesday and carry Totty off. I made a second sheet for baby's crib, and w read the new Newcomes. Took Walter to the Academy. Harry Wharton, Lizzie Mitchell, & Dr Emerson spent the evening with us. Harry Wharton bought me Matthew Arnold's Poems to read. I must try to copy one or two beautiful ones. "The forsaken Merman" Come, dear children, let us away; Down and away below. Now my brothers call from the bay; Now the great winds shorewards blow; Now the salt tides seawards flow; Now the wild white horses play; Champ and chafe and toss in the spray. Children dear, let us away. This way, this way. Call her once before you go. Call once yet. In a voice that she will know: "Margaret! Margaret!" Children voices should be dear (Call once more) to a mother's ear: Children's voices, wild with pain. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B26_F9_p120.jpg) Surely she will come again. Call her once and come away This way, this way. "Mother dear, we cannot stay." The wild white horses foam and fret. Margaret! Margaret! Come, dear children, come away down. Call no more. One last look at the white-wall'd town, And the little grey church on the windy shore. Then come down. She will not come though you call all day. Come away, come away. Children dear, was it yesterday We heard the sweet bells over the bay? In the caverns where we lay, Through the surf and through the swell. The far off sound of a silver bell? Sand-strewn caverns, cool and deep, Where the winds are all asleep; Where the spent lights quiver and gleam; Where the salt weed sways in the stream; Where the sea-beasts ranged all round Feed in the ooze of their pasture-ground; Where the sea-snakes coil and twine, Dry their mail, and bask in the brine; Where great whales come sailing by, Sail and sail, with unshut eye, Round the world forever and aye? When did music come this way? Children dear, was it yesterday? Children dear, was it yesterday (Call yet once) that she went away? Once she sate with you and me, On a red gold throne in the heart of the sea, And the youngest sate on her knee. She comb'd its bright hair, and she tended it well, When down swung the sound of a far-off bell. She sigh'd, she look'd up through the clear green sea. She said; "I must go for my kinsfolk pray In the little grey church on the shore today. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B26_F9_p121.jpg) 'Twill be Easter-time in the world– ah me! And I lose my poor soul, Merman, here with thee." I said: "Go up, dear heart, through the waves. Say thy prayer, and come back to the kind sea-caves." She smil'd, she went up through the surf in the bay. Children dear, was it yesterday? Children dear, were we long alone? "The sea grows stormy, the little ones moan. Long prayers," I said, "in the world they say. Come," I said, and we rose through the surf in the bay. We went up the beach, by the sandy down Where the sea-stocks bloom, to the white-wall'd town. Through the narrow pav'd streets, where all was still, To the little grey church on the windy hill. From the church came a murmur of folk at their prayers. But we stood without in the cold blowing airs. We climb'd on the graves, on the stones, worn with rains And we gaz'd up the aisle through the small leaded panes. She sate by the pillar, we saw her clear: "Margaret, hist! come quick, we are here. Dear heart," I said, "we are long alone. The sea grows stormy, the little ones moan." But, ah, she gave me never a look, For her eyes were seal'd to the holy book. "Loud prays the priest, shut stands the door." Come away, children, call no more. Come away, come down, call no more. Down, down, down. Down to the depths of the sea. She sits at her wheel in the humming town, Singing most joyfully. Hark, what she sings; "O joy, O joy, For the humming street, and the child with its toy For the priest, and the bell, and the holy well, For the wheel where I spun, And the blessed light of the sun." And so she sings her fill, Singing must joyfully Till the shuttle falls from her hand, And the whizzing wheel stands still. She steals to the window, and looks at the sand; And over the sand at the sea; ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B26_F9_p122.jpg) And her eyes are set in a stare; And anon there breaks a sigh And anon there drops a tear, From a sorrow-clouded eye, And a heart sorrow-laden, A long, long sigh. For the cold strange eyes of a little mermaiden, And the gleam of her golden hair. Come away, away children. Come children, come down. The hoarse wind blows colder; Lights shine in the town. She will start from her slumber When gusts shake the door; She will hear the winds howling, Will hear the waves roar. We shall see, while above us The waves roar and whirl, A ceiling of amber, A pavement of pearl. Singing, "Here came a mortal, But faithless was she. And alone dwell for ever The kings of the sea." But, children, at midnight, When soft the winds blow; When clear falls the moonlight; And spring-tides are low; When sweet airs come seaward From hearts starr'd with broom; And high rocks throw mildly, On the blanch'd sands a gloom: Up the still, glistening beaches, Up the creeks we will hie; Over banks of bright sea-weed The ebb-tide leaves dry. We will gaze from the sandhills, At the white, sleeping town; At the church on the hill-side— And then come back down. Singing," There dwells a lov'd one, But cruel is she, ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B26_F9_p123.jpg) She left lonely for ever The kings of the sea." There, isn't that charming? I like it so much. There is another beautiful one – Tristram and Iseult – but it is too long. I shall try to learn both. Friday I wrote out this long piece of poetry, and added up my May 4 accounts for last month. Though less than last months we can't afford to live at this rate. Where can I cut it down? Walter and Tom drove out together and dined at the Falls of Schuylkill. They enjoyed it mightily. Oh what a delicious day it was! The most delightful breeze in the world, and a lovely sky overhead. I went out, to do some shopping for baby. Then came home, made a third sheet for my crib while I learned the two first pages of the Merman. I had a nice letter from Willie, talking quite learnedly, or rather what was much better, quite happily about his small farming work. God keep the dear child safe! Papa's usual letter came, thanking us so warmly for naming our baby, if a girl, after Mamma, that I shall keep the letter to show her, if she dislikes her name. After dinner I took my nap, and after tea, Tot and Tom went to hear a Stabat Mater which enchanted the dear girl. I remained with Walter: read aloud to him a little while, and the remainder of the evening was divided between John, Bess, Pat & Dr Elder. I made an oiled silk cover to a chair for Mrs Kane. Saturday I was to have taken Walter to Mrs Rush's and to that intent went out May 5 with Tom and bought a pair of gloves, but on my return found that Bess and Tot thought me too much of a figure of fun to go there. So I let Walter go with Mrs Kane, and Charlotte and I took the omnibus to Fairmount & sat for an hour or so in the summer-house enjoying the delicious breeze. Came home in time for dinner. Sewed another sheet in the morning. Received a letter from dear Willie. Helen. In the afternoon Walter and Bessie went to stay at Aunt Mary's. They will return on Monday Morning. Tom, Tot and I were to see Waugh's Italia, and I persuaded Mother to accompany us. She was very much pleased, though she fell asleep continually. Sunday Ten weeks only before baby comes! May 6 Tot and I went to Dr Morton's. The day passed quietly but very pleasantly. Poor Johnny was away, so there were no quarrels. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B26_F9_p124.jpg) Monday Wrote to Willie, a long letter. Then walked down to Bailey's with Tot and May 7 rode up to Fairmount where we sat some time. Sewed till dinner time. After tea sewed at a little frock, for Mrs Kane, which she intends giving to a certain gardener's child. Dr Da Costa spent the evening with us. Tuesday Finished Histoire d'une Salle d'asile. It rained all the morning, May 8 so I hoped to finish Baby's sheets, but Mother begged me to help her with the little frock she was making, so I made the skirt which took me till near dinnertime. However I finished the fifth sheet. Tot sat with me, but only for a short time. She went to see poor Lizzie. In the afternoon Walter went there, and brought Lizzie back to tea. After tea, I read part of Matthew Arnold's Tristram and Iseult, aloud, and then the rest of them sang. I persuaded Tom to sing, but I was sorry I did, for among others he sang some German drinking songs out of a book Lizzie had sent him, and some tactless remarks they made hurt his feelings, I could see. Dear Tom! How delightful it is to have such great love as he lavishes on me! I wasn't very well tonight, and after falling asleep, I felt some one covering me up so tenderly! I half waked, but was too sleepy to know, or care who did it till there was a soft kiss on my cheek. I knew who it was then, and fell sound asleep with the same sense of safety that a frightened child feels, safe at last in his mother's arms. Oh my darling husband! God make me a faithful wife to you, my dearest! Wednesday Charlotte and Walter left us. I may see Walter again May 9 this summer, if God spares me, but Tot and the rest are fairly separated from me now till autumn. God grant that we may all meet in safety then, and that I may show my little treasure to them. Oh, if I should lose it! But, Father, Thy will, not mine, be done! It rained fitfully all day; but in a clear moment I went out to see Lizzie Mitchell. Finding her father very much in want of books to read, Tom sent him a present of some. I finished Baby's sheets today, and commenced embroidering its little flannel shawl. Every one was away in the afternoon. Pat came in at half past seven, and the others dropped in after- -wards. But I was pretty dull. I finished reading Tristram and Iseult to Bessie, in the morning and read part of the Newcomes to her and Tom in the evening. Mrs Kane came in and began talking about Becky Patterson, and I forgot what was right so far as to hurt Mrs K's feelings. I am very sorry, but perhaps it were best not to apologise, as ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B26_F9_p125.jpg) what I said was true, though unkind, and I could not it. I wonder what I ought to do. Thursday A clear bright day after the storm. Very cold however. I walked May 10 a little way with Tom but not feeling well, soon returned. Sewed and read till one, and then took another little stroll which quite tired me out. Read the Newcomes aloud, and sewed in the evening Friday Slept ill, and woke unrefreshed. Walked a couple of squares May 11 with Tom. I was to have gone driving with him today, but he thought the exertion too much for me. He thinks I will be stronger tomorrow, and that we will go then, but I think that this pleasant breeze will be gone. As to my growing stronger, I fancy I had better just be thankful for having been as strong as I have been, and not expect more drives, and amusements. I hope I shall succeed in being cheerful notwithstanding my weakness, for poor Tom's spirits go down to the lowest point, if I look dull. He hardly slept last night, poor darling! _ I sewed until two o'clock. Then came Tom and took me in an omnibus to the other side of the river and then we took a litte walk on the road that skirts Powelton. And then home to dinner. Sewed & read in the evening. Saturday Today is my nineteenth birthday. May God help me May 12 to spend this year better than my others! I wrote to dear Tot, and read a little, but spent the main part of my time in lying down, as I thought that the clouds might clear away. But they didn't, so we did not go to spend the main day in driving, as we proposed. Instead, we took an omnibus to Fairmount and strolled about there. As my boy's head ached, and the day was very sultry, it was just as well that we should not go. Just before tea, Tom gave me a breast pin and two studs of exquisite Hungarian opal, and dear Bess gave me some things for Baby's basket. I read aloud in the evening. Sunday Mother said I had better not go to church, so I stayed May 13 at home and read and walked with Tom. I did very little and upon the whole wasted my day, I fear. Monday Rose early. Wrote to Tot and Willie, tidied my room, wrote diary May 14 etc. At half past ten Tom came for me. We drove across Market Street Bridge and turned into the road which follows the Schuylkill up beyond Fairmount. Then it turned inland passing Egglesfeld & Lansdowne and then coming down again to the river we saw North – South Laurel Hill. Then ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B26_F9_p126.jpg) the Schuylkill at Falls Village, and left word at a nice Tavern for dinner at 3 o'clock, and drove up the new turn- -pike along the Wissahickon. It was new to both of us, and oh, how beautiful! The sombre evergreen foliage, mixing with the fresh spring green of the other trees, and the red blossoms of the Judas, and the dogwood flowers, made as great a variety of colouring as the autumn woods can boast, with the ad- -ditional pleasure of knowing that it was the beauty of life, not of death. The woods were strown with wild- -flower, stellaria, forget-me-not and blue, yellow, and white violets in the greatest profusion. When we drove back we could not help stopping constantly to look at the lovely wild river beneath us, and to listen to the birds who sang all through the noonday. And in those hill gorges there played the softest breeze all the time. How lovely it was! We returned in time to rest an hour in the inn before dinner, and enjoyed a clean well-cooked meal exceedingly. Then we drove home by the same road we passed over in the morning, and as we passed Lansdowne "treated resolution" to a handful of the forget-me-nots which stud the roadside banks which we denied ourselves in the morning. Thanks to their being taken up by the roots they are now blooming as fair as ever in my room this Tuesday at noon in a saucer-full of moss. It is green though I gathered it twenty six days ago. Our horse was scared by a train rushing past him suddenly, but fortunately I was not. I got nothing but benefit from my delightful birth-day excursion. My dear kind Tom's head ached very much, though. How constantly he suffers, poor darling, and how patient and good he is through all, God bless him! He took his mother out in the evening to pay a visit she was anxious to get through, and then took Bess, who was depressed with heat and the fatigue of the day, to get an ice, so he was thoroughly worn out at bed-time. I forgot to say that we heard the night hawk in the early morning, the first time this year. Tuesday A bright oppressive day. Rode down to the paper May 15. hangers to choose a paper for our room at Fern Rock & walked back. Dear Tom's head still aching. A note today from Nelly. One from Harry yesterday. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B26_F9_p127.jpg) Half of my little frocks came home, and I thought them very pretty. The evening was so warm that I could do nothing but gasp. Wednesday The Judge's sixtieth birthday. Tom and I planned a May 16 nice present for him – his wife's daguerreotype. Tom per- -suaded her to have it taken as a charity to Langenheim the daguerreotypist. I accompanied her there, and found Tom resolved to have mine too. I yielded, because I know that it will be pleasant for my boy to have it, if I die this summer. The Judge was delighted with his present. Aunt Alida, her husband & Mr Leiper dined here. I don't know how I can endure this heat much longer. I really can do nothing. The other day I learned "Requiescat" "Strew on her roses, roses, But never a spray of yew. In quiet she reposes Ah! would that I did too! Her mirth the world required She bathed it in smiles of glee But her heart was tired, tired. And so they let her be. Her life was turning, turning In mazes of heat and sound; But for peace her soul was yearning, And now peace laps her round." Thursday A lovely day. Walked as far as the Depository with Tom where May 17 I paid for my little frocks. I begged him to let me ride to Hamilton Village, and back in an omnibus but he did not think it safe for me but said I might go with his mother to the Asylum, and back, which I did. I talked with one of the old women while Mrs Kane was busy and was very much struck by her cheerful resignation, and the good she seemed to find in everything. In the evening, Papa & C. M. arrived unexpectedly to bid me goodbye. She goes with him. Friday Went with Tom to breakfast at the Lapierre House. Was May 18 delighted with dear little Denny and Duncan. We took Papa and C. M. that beautiful drive up the Wissahickon, and they seemed to enjoy it very much. They dined and spent the evening here. Tom gave the ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B26_F9_p128.jpg) children quantities of toys. They all seemed to enjoy themselves this visit. I did not bid them goodbye, intending to go to the boat with them tomorrow. We had a lovely day! Saturday Waked, to find it pouring. How the country must rejoice! May 19 But I could not go to see my people off. Perhaps it is as well, as I hate to say goodbye. My poor Tom was so tired last night, but so kind and affectionate. Sometimes I feel just as if he were my child, and especially then. I sewed, tidied drawers, and finished "Gen. Houston's Life," and "Un Philosophe sous les Toits." Made part of a pair of sleeves in the evening. Sunday Rained till evening. After a lovely sunset Tom and I took May 20 a little walk. In the morning we read one of Arnold's sermons and I read part of Mrs Graham's Life. I had a fit of crying from nervousness today. I really must try to conquer it. They all worried each other at dinner, and when I went upstairs I found my little marble worktable and saucer of moss broken on the floor My little chair was broken on Friday, and it made me superstitious, and the two things upset me. I wrote to Tot at night. Monday Today was spent at Fern Rock. The country looked love- May 21 -ly though I can say nothing for the look of the house. I had a nice letter from Miss Preston. — Tuesday Today was spent at Aunt Mary's We drove over to see May 22 Martha Carey's new house which was very pleasant and cheerful. I hope she will be happy there, for she is a good honest girl. I saw the unfortunate poor creature Tom Taylor today. He is such a dreadful sight! Wednesday Did not do much with myself, for I had to lie down Thursday nearly all Wednesday, and Thursday I sat and read after my morning walk with Tom and a visit to the Mitchells to thank them for some beautiful work they had done for baby. I wrote to Nell on Wednesday. Miss Preston called to see me on Thursday and recom- -mended "Combe on Infancy" to me. Becky P. came to tea, and I had a long physiological talk with her. I made an oiled silk cover for Bessie's work bag in the evening. Friday Wrote a long note to Charlotte as a goodbye. Went to Hen- May 25 -derson's in a vain search for books for John. Tom and I went to the Academy and spent the evening looking at the beautiful pictures and listening to the band at Parkinson's. They played the prayer of Moses in Egypt and ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B26_F9_p129.jpg) some of Robert le Diable. Saturday A lovely day, with a sweet breeze blowing. I sewed at John's May 26 things all the morning till one o'clock when I went with Tom in the omnibus to Fairmount. He went on to Laurel Hill, I returned as I came. On my return wrote a long letter to dear Willie in which I endeavored to show him how happy a farmer's life could be, and how well spent. He had written to me in very low spirits, on the subject poor child. — Read "The Englishwoman in Russia" and an article in one of the Reviews on the character of Queen Elizabeth, in the evening. Sunday Another lovely day. We, my darling and I, that is, read May 27 the last of Arnold's Rugby School Sermons which has not been read and re-read twice or thrice. Then we took a quiet airing in Penn Square which I enjoyed very much. The wind ruffled the long grass so beautifully! I put my flacon of otto of roses in John's trunk writing on the paper that enclosed it — "And waft o'er intervening seas Sweet odors from th' Hesperides." Also I sent the three volumes of the Newcomes to Elisha. If they reach him, which God grant, I hope they will interest him as must as I know they would Tom or Pat. I bade Johnny goodbye tonight, as he left at one A.M. God grant he may return successful! Monday Walked down with Tom as far as Fitch and Chestnut Street, then May 28 took an omnibus and rode up to Becky's. There were five people in the omnibus when I entered. Shortly after me came in thirteen Germans, six of them children under five years old. Such a jam! They were so infinitely pleased with themselves too! It was very ludicrous. I found poor Becky looking wretchedly ill. — Met Bess there and returned home with her as far as Lovaire's whence I took an omnibus. Finished the sixth volume of Mme d'Arblay's life. Wrote diary, and sewed. At half past four a wagon came to the door and Tom drove me out by the plank road to Mr Smith's in Shoemaker's lane Ger- -mantown, then by Manheim Street to Laurel Hill, and home by the river road past Lansdowne, which (home I mean) we reached at half past eight. Pretty well for me, I think, when somebody's birthday is only six weeks off! Tuesday My dear Tom left for New York at ten this morning, and May 29 being very much hurried forgot to take his great coat or a night gown either, poor fellow! I put a fishing question to Pat as to whether he could carry them on, but found he was overloaded already. I do hope Tom won't get sick. He will ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B26_F9_p130.jpg) dear Tot off tomorrow, and John the next day. So our families are both dismembered for the summer. When I came home I put my room to rights, read my Bible, wrote my diary, and wrote to Messrs Scott and Co for my Magazines. Then I hunted up the remainder of my darling's stockings and mended those that needed it, and then I finished reading "The Englishwoman in Russia." She deals far too much in hearsay, but I like her description of what she did and saw. It fills up one's vague geography idea of a country which is no idea at all. Then I read some of Combe on Infancy, and went down for my bread and butter. Aunt Alida was there, and exhibited great physiological interest in me, so I waited till she went; lest I should have comments on my way of eating. Poor thing. I wish she had had children herself to soften her heart! Tom must write to her, when baby comes, and tell her that her "son Tom" as she calls him, has a child. The lunch over I dilly-dallied downstairs till it was time to dress for dinner, but oh, I missed my darling so! After dinner I lay down till six o'clock, but my dear Tom occupied my thoughts all the time, and I could have found it in my heart to cry for him, like a baby. When I came downstairs, I found that Bess and her mother were out visiting, so I read Household Words till tea-time. After tea I read aloud to Mother till W. Moss came in, and paid quite a pleasant visit talking very unaffectedly about his grandfather's glass cutting, and shop in Second Street. Then Bess practised while I made up a pair of lace sleeves, and read Household Words. Then Bessie and I had what Mother calls a "clack", and then I went to bed, where I fell fast asleep in a minute and dreamed I was going about Paris with dear Tom. I could not kneel beside him to pray but I did not forget him for all that. He need not fear my loving him less than I did, for it takes the life out of living to be without him. Wednesday My dear people have a lovely day to sail, God grant May 30 them a pleasant voyage! I telegraphed a goodbye to them, and received a goodbye note from Papa. I wrote a note to dear Tom and sent it on by Bessie, who, with Pat, left us this morning. If Pat's business will allow it, he will take her up the Hudson after seeing poor Johnny off. I wish I had been kinder to Johnny! Now he is gone I feel that I have many uncharitable and unsisterly things to reproach my- -self with towards him. — I think I shall go and see ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B26_F9_p131.jpg) Lizzie Mitchell this morning. I was disappointed a little not to receive a "how d'ye do" note from Tom this morning, but now I think of it, he could not have sent one if he would. Dear Tom! I put off going to Lizzie's, and darned and read instead. Mrs Kane was away till half past four and I grew quite alarmed about her. It seems Mr Mc Clure with his customary pro- -crastination put off starting for two hours, and on her return made her miss the cars, & the boat, and after dragging her over his own house put her in an omnibus at Hestonville whence she came home at last. I read aloud to her in the evening, while my breath lasted, but I was pretty soon exhausted. So after talking some time I read to myself and then joined her down stairs where we wrote to our respective husbands. Oh how glad I shall be to see mine! Thursday This day two years ago, Elisha sailed, and today Johnny May 31 goes in search of him. God bring them safely back! Today two years ago Mrs Kane and I were alone, as we now are, and moved out to the Lisle House. How very sick and miserable I was, and how happy I am, and how well and strong considering how soon dear baby is to come! And what an unthankful wretch I am to weary for strength to take longer walks, and to do more, and to pine for my Tom because he is away two days, instead of rejoicing that I have his company so constantly, God bless him. I have just received a note from him written on Tuesday night; tired out and sick I fear. But why did he "talk politics with father" in the cars? It was enough to make him sick poor darling. I sent Joanna to market yesterday to get me flowers to deck his room, but some of them look quite wilted this morning. I was grieving over them when Aunt Mary came in with a basketful of ivy and hawthorn, and wild cherry blossoms, for me, and I was able to replace the withered flowers with fresh ones. So now when my darling comes as I hope he will tonight, his room will look very pretty. — Friday I might have saved my pains yesterday, for he never came. June 1 I stayed up till half-past-ten, and then — went upstairs and cried, like a great baby. But it is so lonely without him, and as he had told me that he would come home then, I feared lest some evil had befallen him, and if he were sick and I unable to come to him! I could not sleep either till ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B26_F9_p132.jpg) "moon broadened on the borders of the dark", and when I rose at my usual time I had a solitary breakfast, Mother having achieved a conquest over Time by breakfasting with Johnny Green at some impossible-to-believe, hour. Yesterday I paid a long morning visit to the poor Mitchells and saw the Doctor looking better than I expected. Miss Amelia Russell and Miss Dunglison dined and took tea with us, and I did my best to entertain them — Oh poor flowers, there's no need of your trying to hold your fading heads up, for he won't come this morning. I have two notes, saying he would be home yesterda this morning, and a telegraph to say – not before night. I am so weary of his absence. It rains hard so there is no going out if I would. But one of his letters frightens me. What can he mean about a great Sorrow? Are Papa and C. M. sepa- -rated or what is it. What with want of sleep, disappointment and anxiety I could just sit down and wring my hands instead of which I shall set to work on Pat's towels — I made baby two crib counterpanes, and was then called to see the Judge and hear his account of the departure of the Expedition. I was very much interested in it, and after dinner he made me read aloud part of an amusing article in Putnam's Magazine. Then I took my nap, and then tea-time came, and not long after I heard the door open quietly, and a minute after, my darling held me in his arms. It was so delightful! When he went upstairs to prepare for his tea, I laid my head on his shoulder and cried for joy. Ah, it may be so short a time that we have together, God bless him! And oh, what a delightful talk we had! Saturday Wrote to Bessie in the morning, and expected Lizzie to June 2 sit with me according to promise but she did not come as it rained very hard. At two o'clock Tom came with a carriage and drove me up and down hunting for a clergyman to preach at the House of Refuge tomorrow. In the afternoon we went again. Sewed in the evening, poor Tom being absent till bed-time when he at length succeeded in getting some one to preach. Sunday Took a little walk with my boy, and then we June 3 read together the VIII chapter of John and the VII of Job he reading the Latin and I the English and noting the differences. It is very pleasant. Tom had a very nice clergyman to read and preach to the House of Refuge boys. He took their attention at once & kept it. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B26_F9_p133.jpg) In the evening Tom sang, and then we talked with the Judge about Fern Rock, and then adjourned to our own room where Tom begged to look at my Diary of the time he was away, and of the same date last year, and the year before. Each year I am happier and more fortunate than the last! Monday Wrote to Harry. Walked with Tom as far as Chestnut and June 4 Ninth Street, and stopped on my return to buy gloves at Vogel's. Then tidied my room, learned my verse, read my Bible, and balanced my accounts for May. Mary Thomas called and spent half an hour or so with me, and then I wrote diary, marked towels for Pat and emptied the bureaus of their contents & packed one trunk for baby. This kept me busy till my two o'clock dinner time. Then Tom, Charles Burchard and I, sallied forth to Fairmount where we took the boat and sailed up the river to Laurel Hill where Tom had business and where he left us at the boat house while he went to work. We were about an hour and a quarter there, and though it was dull as I can't trot about over the hills, yet the day was so fine that it was much pleasanter than if I had stayed shut up at home. There was a west wind blowing that chased the clouds over the sky and made the loveliest passing shadows on the river and its banks. The rains of the three last days have caused a freshet too, and down by Fairmount the river foams over the dam nobly. Tom got through his work before the boat came, and it was very pleasant sitting by his dear side, on a log, and dreaming of — not the future but the present. He had a headache and was worried about something too, but yet he was happy and I am sure I was. He went out after tea, I thought merely to accompany Lizzie home, but he was gone till near ten o'clock and then came home so tired, poor fellow! — Becky sent me a pretty baby's cap Tuesday A nice letter, and a book from poor dear Walter. I wish June 5 he were happily married; he must be so lonely! I walked down town with Tom, as I wanted to get velvet for covering some vase stands, but the shops had all put away their pretty velvets, so I got none. Coming home found my room all in disorder; the men having moved away the bureaus, so I was hard at work for some time till the confusion was reduced to some degree of order. Then I learned my verse, read my Bible wrote my diary and put down my accounts. Then an old school mate of Mrs Kane's called, and I had to go ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B26_F9_p134.jpg) downstairs to see them. Then Lizzie paid a long visit, and then I sat downstairs till dinner time. Miss Amelia Russell dined with us and told me a good deal about Brook Farm. I sat up till five o'clock hoping Tom would come in, and then lay down quite alarmed about him. He did not come for some time but I was very glad that business not sickness detained him. Becky and Robert and Dr Elder took tea here, but I did not enjoy it, for they talked about the way to bear troubles, and agreed they should take them as philosophers. But they never seemed to remember that Christ had come into the world to bear our troubles for us, and I felt too shy to speak on the subject for fear Dr E– would begin an argument, and I can't argue, I can only feel on the subject. I know that if it had not been for Christ's love upholding me, I never could have borne Tom's long illness, but I found Him the only present help in trouble. I am afraid I did wrong in not speaking, and giving my Saviour the glory due His name. God forgive me if I did! Wednesday Last night poor Lucy howled dreadfully, and made me June 6 quite miserable, and that I fear, cost my darling a sleepless night. How selfish I am, when I know that a shadow on my face clouds his whole day! My darling! I must let my conduct show him how happy I really am. — Poor Lizzie called to bid me goodbye & show give me a little sacque she has worked for my wee baby. Tom and I walked down the street together, and then I came back shopping on the way up. Then read my Bible, learned my verse, put down my accounts, and wrote my Diary. Then I wrote to Walter, and then read Peveril of the Peak (sensible! but I had no work) till dinner. Then I took my nap. Miss Russell spent the evening here, and was very entertaining though I began to think she would never go to bed. She told us about the way they spent the day at Brook Farm. She often waited at table. Others cooked. They rose at daylight, assembled in one of the four houses where they breakfasted at seven o'clock. Then they separated, into the washing group, the ironing group, the teaching group, the dormitory group and so on. They had a large school and besides this private older girl pupils, and rusticated students from Cambridge. No one taught for more than an hour at a time. Many fine days the lessons were given in the pine woods in- -stead of the school house. In the evening Miss R– was chief ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B26_F9_p135.jpg) of the Amusement Group. They had private theatricals, a Shakspere reader club, dances every three or four nights, several performers on the flute and piano, a drilled choir, and all sorts of games, besides long strolls in the pine woods pic-nics and so on. On Sundays they had a service as long as Dr Channing was there, and at other times there were churches of every denomination at Dedham three miles off. She said the descriptions of scenery were perfect in the Blithedale Romance, the remainder a malicious fiction. Among the residents were Margaret Fuller, and George Curtis. Curtis, she praised highly, as a goodhearted intelligent man, – a capital reader – a good fellow. His father was one of the two men to whom Mrs Humphreys was engaged. She said Mrs H– had a sister Jeannette who was a wicked woman, did not know where she was now– lived in all sorts of bad places. Poor Mrs H! I never knew she had a story before. — I spoke of Mrs Whitman's poems. Miss R– knows her well, a widow about fifty, but looks only thirtyfive, refined, gentle, feminine. Some years ago was engaged to Edgar A. Poe. She was the lady whom I have heard of, who would not believe in his habits till a gen- -tleman brought him to the house barely able to stand from intoxication. Thursday Miss Amelia did not go for some hours after breakfast. June 7 As every one was busy but me, her entertainment de- -volved upon me. She told me that she had been a writing medium. I asked whether she actually believed in spiritual rappings. She said – well, at one time whenever she happened to have pencil and paper in hand her hand would move without volition on her part, and write without her seeing or knowing what she wrote. I asked her whether she wrote sense. No, lies and nonsense so that she had finally refused the spirits permission to approach her or hold any communication with her. Since then she had not been troubled by them. Asked her to tell me some circumstance. She said, once she was talking to her niece and felt her hand move. She thought the pencil was making unmeaning scrawls as she could tell she was not writing, until her niece asked if she knew what she was doing. No, she replied, and on looking found she had drawn a hand and arm, the fore finger extended. After this her hand would draw the same thing now large now small till she grew quite nervous. It cleared up by the time Miss A– went, and I then went ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B26_F9_p136.jpg) out shopping till twelve, and then sewed till dinner time. After tea Tom sang and I sewed, but the evening was so oppressively warm that we could scarcely breathe. At length the rain fell in torrents. Friday A lovely day. Walked down with Tom a little way. Had a June 8 long letter from Pat. Sewed the greater part of the day. At four Tom and I went in the boat to Laurel Hill. We had a delight- -ful sail. On our return we found the Dunglisons and Cousin Mary Gray to tea, and I was so fatigued with enter- -taining them that I hardly slept all night. Saturday Aunt Mary came in this morning as I was puzzling over a June 9 piece of embroidery, and told me I was setting about it without a necessary implement (?) a little circular frame on which to stretch the work. So I went out and bought it, and found I could work much more easily. I was so fascinated that I worked at it all day. I had a letter from Pat. Sunday I had another restless night, and poor Tom was quite sick. June 10. He had a dreadful headache, and, I fear a slight chill. I sat by him and read Barnes' Notes on Job, and Herbert's Poems, and perfected myself in my week's verses besides reading several chapters of Romans, while I held my hand pressed to his poor aching head. John Green brought me a note from C. M. Very depressed, and dissatisfied with her sojourn at Astoria, proposing to go in a month's time to West Point or Lebanon. I hope she will do right, whatever she does, poor thing! I wrote quite a long letter to Tot. We had a heavy thunder- -shower in the evening which lasted till I fell asleep, about dawn. Monday Up early. Put labels and covers on preserves for Mrs Kane, and June 11 hemmed half a dozen kitchen cloths for her. In my own room I sewed for some time, and wrote to Cousin Margaret, and began trying to write a letter to my dear Tom to be read by him in case I die. But it was very hard to write, and I soon gave it up for the day for it seemed as if I were destined to constant interruptions. First came Aunt Alida, then Aunt Ann and then Mrs Humphreys. In the evening I told Tom some of Edgar Poe's stories which I had read in the morning. Tuesday A lovely day. Tom and I took the omnibus to Logan Square where we June 12 enjoyed a delightful stroll. Then I arranged a quantity of flowers I had ordered from market, in Pat's Bessie's and our bedrooms and in the dining, and drawing-rooms. Having done which, and being very thoroughly fatigued I sat down to rest, and a telegraphic message came saying Pat & Bess would reach Utica ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B26_F9_p137.jpg) tomorrow night. So my labour in their rooms was thrown away. I ought to finish my letter to Tom but I dread it, I can't do it. — I took up the paper and wrote, I fear very incomprehensibly, and had hardly calmed myself afterwards before my dear one came back from the office. He was in high spirits, and I, fearing he would find out what I had been about, forced myself into rather hysterical glee, for after dinner, I broke down and cried till I almost made my darling join me, and then I was so sorry and ashamed. We took a little stroll in the evening to refresh us for we were so exhausted. My darling, my own darling! Wednesday My dear Tom and I took an early walk, a trifle June 13 too long a one I think for my head aches after it, though I have rested quietly for some time. Mrs Kane went out to Fern Rock this morning, where she hopes to stay. I was busy all day packing away my clothes, for my expected removal on Friday or Saturday to Fern Rock. – Mrs. Kane came back in the evening, thoroughly disheartened. The rooms are all full of workmen, and there is no use of my going out till next week. So to take the disagreeable effect off my spirits Tom and I resolved to go and see the Panorama of Jerusalem. On our way we passed Sanford's Opera House, and the singing sounded so inspiriting that I proposed we should go there instead. No sooner said than done. And we enjoyed it exceedingly. There was one song — "A few days" sung with such enthusiastic animation that I felt as though very little would induce me to jump up and join in the chorus. Then there was a capital "Dan Tucker", an "old Steve come again", and another the name of which I forget, sung by all the company one and another quitting the circle and shuffling, field negro fashion, with wonderful agility. Best of the dances however, was one performed by the "unapproachable Lane", in which he kept time to the music in the most wonderful man, striking his steel shod heels together. — There were the usual negro joke interludes, but I was struck with one thing. I never could have noticed the points of the local jokes in New York in which I lived, but of which I was not. Here on the contrary I am so much more awake to things that are going on, that I understood all the allusions – the Mayor's Police, Crazy Nora — and so on. Oh yes, altogether it was a delightful piece of fun, and I am very glad I went. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B26_F9_p138.jpg) Thursday Went with Tom to enquire how poor Elizabeth Wetherill June 14 is, and heard she was dangerously ill of brain fever, brought on by over exertion in taking care of the children of her selfish sister Maria Janeway, who overtasks her servants so that no one will stay with her. Then she comes to her mother's and devolves the charge upon poor Elizabeth, and then we hear – she has strained the veins of her neck – she is spitting blood – she is in a great deal of mental excitement – hysteria, finally she is dangerously ill of brain fever. All of which Livingston Janeway and his wife probably talk and think of, as one of the "mysterious dispensations of Providence." Of course their share in it is undreamed of. — I wrote a note to Pat, today. He and Bessie are at Niagara; with the Mitchells still. I don't remember doing anything in the evening. Friday Tom and I drove down to the school. Found the children June 15 very happy but in great disorder. In the evening went to see a forlorn Panorama of Pales- -tine. Saturday Had a letter from Pat. Was sick with a bilious headache 16 and in bed all day long. Sunday Although better I was still pretty shaky, so did very 17 little all day except commence a letter to Willie which I finished on Monday. Monday Everything is in confusion, and I write this just previous June 18 to tying the book up to go out of town tomorrow. Where in the world I am to put my things when I get out, and what in the world I am to do in the way of packing them, I do not know! My dear Diary! I beg you ten thousand pardons, and as- sure you that I really have missed not being able to cor- -respond with you until this Wednesday the 27th of June. You went out of town, and I didn't. As usual the house was delayed and delayed, but at last our room was de- clared habitable, and yesterday afternoon my darling and I set out in a carriage laden with breakables, and with eatables, and carrying each one of the Lares appertaining to our room. I carried his beautiful Sèvres vase, and he one of the pillared busts. It was a delicious evening, every- thing was of a fresh and vivid green; caused by the late rains which had also laid the dust. A sweet breeze was stirring, and we were very happy as we journeyed homewards. Mrs Kane stood at the door to welcome us, ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B26_F9_p139.jpg) but the poor Judge, after waiting till the last minute had been obliged to go into town. We found our little room looking beautiful. The Judge had arranged on the man- -tel shelf a little white vase full of white rosebuds and purple heliotrope, and on either side of it a glass filled with ferns and mist tree, which suited the room admirably. — After tea, eaten with dig- -nity off an ironing table, Tom and I sat at the window of Pat's room watching the trees shining in the moonbeams, and the beautiful flecking of the ground. We both felt very happy but very solemn too, and prayed that God would bless our new home and enable us to do our duty, and live happy here, and that it might be the birthplace of our dear child. We neither of us slept very well, for my poor boy is not well. I prayed that if it were possible Christ would make him well. Wednesday My poor boy was heavy with laudanum this June 27 morning until he went to town in the half past ten train. I drove over with him to the cars, and spent the entire day in superintending the unpacking and arranging of our possessions, and reading the Howadji in Syria, and embroidering. At seven o'clock Mrs Kane went off to see Mrs Betton, and to call on her return for the Judge and Tom at the cars. I took my seat on the piazza and read till it was too dark to read easily, and then watched the gradual coming on of the darkness, and the rising of the moon. Then I went and sat in the drawing room by the window, to wait for them. I tried to fix my thoughts on the coming time, and to make up my mind to bear the pain with fortitude trusting that God would strengthen me through all, and then what happiness beyond! Instead of getting my thoughts fixed on these things, I found my- -self thinking, first that I knew every one would be ashamed of me because I shall be such a coward; and then wandering off entirely, to wonder what Cousin Margaret, and the other party were all doing. I wish I could reflect, and think seriously, and all that. At length they came home, about nine o'clock. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B26_F9_p140.jpg) and my darling looked very well, and said he felt so. After he had had a cup of tea, we sat and talked a little while, and then went to bed very happy and thankful, and slept very soundly. Thursday Rose feeling very well. Yesterday and today we June 28 had morning prayers, the servants present, and Mrs Kane used the prayers I copied out. She likes them very much, and I only wish I could have copied a few more. My dear Tom has been writing "Two letters to a Member of the Board of Controllers of the Public Schools; by a Tax Payer" They are two of a number of articles he has written to influence the public mind in favor of Infant Schools, and I think they are capital. He gave me one of the nice copies this morning which I put in here. — I drove over to the nine o'clock cars with him and the Judge and enjoyed the drive very much as there is a delicious breeze though the weather is very warm. ~ Then I came back, read my chapter, learned my verse, and wrote diary. I am afraid it is very damp here. My clothes have a certain damp feeling, and so have the soles of my shoes, and the writing paper wrinkles ominously. Save us from ague! ~ I then helped Mrs Kane until our early dinner hour, and afterwards lay down to rest, reading the "Nile Notes." When I rose to dress for the afternoon it was time for the Judge to come home, and he brought dear Bess back with him sunburnt and rosy as possible. We had a long talk before I drove over to meet my dearest. In the evening Bessie, he, and I, sat on the terrace in the moonlight. Dear Pat brought me a pretty work basket and pair of slippers from Niagara. He looked very well, I thought. Friday At a very early hour Mrs Kane, Bess, and the Judge, June 29 set off to town. My dearest resolved to spend the whole day with me, and we began by devoting a half hour to tracing the movements of the Allies before Sebastopol, on a map Tom brought me yesterday. Then Tom went to look over the place, and after I joined him we sat on the terrace where we could enjoy what little breeze there was. But it is a very hot day. Yesterday there was a grand breeze though in town the thermometer was 92°! I wonder what it is today! — Tom and I hunted for cool places in vain all ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B26_F9_p141.jpg) The little breeze died away, and we were almost ready to die too. The papers say the thermometer stood at 95° in the shade, ten degrees hotter than last year. At six o'clock my darling had ordered a horse and wagon to take me a pleasure drive. Such a drive! The horse had run away with the man coming over, and all the time he kept balking, so that poor Tom was kept in a state of the most violent exertion jumping in and out to lead him. I behaved very well, Tom said, but I confess I was very much frightened. — The pleasantest thing of the day was the arrival of three letters, from Papa, Tot, and Nell, all in high spirits and delighted with their trip. Thursda Another fearfully hot day. I drove over to the cars with Saturday Tom and the Judge, and then drove into Germantown June 30 to execute some commissions. How the Main Street lay baking in the sun! When I got home I went and sat on the terrace where I knew I could catch the breeze if any were stirring. But no breeze was there so at eleven I came up, balanced my accounts for the month and wrote my diary, and worked at my embroidery till my dear Tom came home. He was in grand spirits, for a case, the Penobscot, had been unexpectedly decided, and he brought home his bank book to show me that we were $386.00 richer than I expected. Also he brought me oranges, pineapples, chocolate, newspapers, books, and a letter from Walter so that it was a gala day. Walter says that C.M. was so much annoyed by village scandal and gossip that he took her to West Point. I hope God will do good things for her, poor woman, and make both Papa and her happier! — A sweet breeze sprang up in the evening. We went to bed early and slept soundly. Sunday A heavenly day. The breeze was strong and July 1 delightful. After breakfast Tom and I sat on the terrace and read together, and then strolled down to Fern Rock where we sat for a long time till Pat came out. Then there was some talking, and Pat and Tom strolled off, and I went upstairs wrote to Papa, and wrote diary. I think our room gets most sun, though perhaps most air, of any. The evening was cool quiet and pleasant. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B26_F9_p142.jpg) Monday Though it was a pleasant enough day, it I was not well, and July 2 instead of writing to Cousin Margaret and Walter as I at first intended, I came home after driving over with Tom to the cars and sat still all day sewing and entertaining the two Dunlaps, who called. Dr Betton also called, and Bockins to apologise for the bad horse he gave us, but I saw neither of them. Tom, Bessie and the Judge came out to dinner. After tea we sat on the piazza talking, as it was a lovely night. Tuesday Went over to the cars with Tom, and worked busily July 3 on my return in unpacking and arranging tem- -porarily, Tom's papers. Then lay on the bed reading the first volume of Jerome Cardan's life, and wrote diary, read my chapter, and learned my verse. I wish my baby would come! I hate to be so com- -pletely useless as I am. I finished the Nile Notes today. Sewed and talked all the evening. Wednesday Could not sleep well at night. Wrote accounts, diary, and July 4 to Walter, and sewed. Pat stayed with us over night. Thursday Walked about the grounds with Tom for a while. We then July 5 busied ourselves in arranging the upper closets in our room. Then I read "the Newcomes" aloud to Tom, and then gave him an early dinner, and saw him off by the train at 12.49. I found the remainder of the day before dinner and pretty dull. After dinner Dr Betton and his wife called, and I had to go talk with them. Then came a thunder-shower, in the midst of which my darling arrived, and after it cleared off the Judge drove Mrs Kane and me over to Butler Place as we had heard that Sally was sick. We found her better, however. I have rarely seen so exquisite a sky as bent over us, as we came home. The thunder clouds were rolling off in heavy masses towards the distant horizon, while the steel-like blue of the sky near them, melted as it neared us into the tenderest hue. Here and there a little, sharply-defined, purple, rosy or golden cloud hung in the west, like islands in a summer sea. — Neither Tom nor I felt well so we went to bed very early, and as I passed a pretty restless night, when dawn came, my boy soothed me into a nice long sleep. While I lay awake, I was struck by the apathy of my feelings towards the coming baby, compared to the acuteness with which I felt Tom's sickness. He is so infinitely dear to me, that I find myself only thinking of the way in which its presence will affect him, rejoicing because he will be glad, troubled at the inconveniences to which he will be subjected, and hoping that it won't ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B26_F9_p143.jpg) interfere with the unrestrained intercourse we have hitherto enjoyed. Friday I had a bad headache and lay down till twelve, when July 6 I wrote my diary. Monday I did not write my journal on Sunday; July 9 having occupied Saturday and Sunday with writing to Tot and to Cousin Margaret. On Sunday I took the longest walk I have enjoyed for weeks. I went down the roadway to the little avenue where Tom was with his father admiring some land tortoises, and thence we went to see the laburnums, white thorns, and lilacs at English Corner, where we sat on the rocks and talked till I was rested enough to scale the hill. I ascended it by a single effort, and yet arrived at the house unfatigued and able to do justice to my dinner. On Monday Tom ran off in too early a train to let me post script my letter to Tot as I wished to. I was so well that that the Nurse too went up to town, though she and her daughter both returned in time for dinner at three. I spent my morning in reading. Moredun I began and finished. I began the first volume of Huc's China and finished it the same night, and I embroidered some flowers in the expected baby's cloak. I went down to dinner though I could not eat much, but after tea felt unwell enough to consent to Tom's going over to the Doctor's to relate my symptoms and ask him whether he thought it worth while to come over and sleep here. Tom was gone till after ten, and I was glad for I could not have talked to him. Shall I ever forget the evening? I placed my candle in the window that Tom on his return might see me sitting near it, and there I stayed; sewed and read my Bible, as well as I could, till ten. Then I rose and undressed myself, washed myself, put away my clothes, and got into bed. Soon Tom came and lay down beside me. About half past twelve, I had to send him for the nurse and the doctor, and four minutes past one on Tuesday morning, our darling little daughter was born. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B26_F9_p144.jpg) Sunday Today is our baby's thirteenth, and I am so well that July 22 but for the rain I should be permitted to sit up. I find it pleasanter however, to rest contented and be read to. My darling read me two chapters from the Latin Bible which I always enjoy so much, and then we employed ourselves thinking of many matters, the conclusion of the whole matter being — that we are very happy. I said however that I found that the late nine months which I f esteemed so pleasant as they passed, were resolving themselves into something quite the reverse. It seemed as if in my mind a sort of shadow from the last month and its petty annoyances fell back on all the rest. I would note this as a temporary state of feeling which must soon pass. I will not allow my thankfulness to be overclouded by solicitude for the dear ones across the water. It is not right to my own baby to allow my feelings to be as much depressed as they were by the tidings I received last week. If Willie is not left in banish- -ment among the French, I will endeavor to think Tot and Harry best away from our falling rooftree. But, oh Mamma! Why were you taken? Little Nell will be so lonely. Tom regrets even more than I that we have no roof of our own to shelter her. But we did right in coming to live here. Papa refused to let the children come to live with us, which could alone have justified the expenditure necessary to keep up our Girard street house. Sunday evening, and Monday my spirits were again overclouded: — the rainy weather I suppose but I was able to see through to the clear sky beyond after cheerful talks with my dearest friend. Thank God for the dear husband who is brother sister and mother to me, and the sweet child who already plays the part of comforter when my heart feels desolate. For the breaking up of the family has come. Things will never be as of old – but indeed the change began when the stranger took our Mother's (place, and, poor woman), instead of drawing closer the links of family affection, only corroded them with drops of her own heart's bitterness. The only wonder is that they held together so long. I cannot feel angry with her, though, for she herself suffers more than any one of us. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B26_F9_p145.jpg) They are all enjoying themselves exceedingly in Scotland, a letter says this morning:— the business settlements have been satisfactory: the partners have resolved to establish Dennistoun Cross & Co as bankers in London,— and Papa with a happy heart sails down the Clyde in Uncle Alick's yacht. But the children do not write to me. We talked gravely over great and small matters of the future. Should I be separated from my husband and his labours? Should he give up his clerkship in which his strong years, he thinks, are drying up in routine, and go West to seek his or rather Baby's fortune? Could we continue to see as much of each other as we have done.— Must not Tom work in town? Could he work out here? in our one room, so small and crowded, no bookcase and no desk or desk room, and a baby in it. With this third question representing a mighty temptation, shd we build an extra chamber? Decided 2nd affirmatively, 3rd negatively. We will not put any more Laurel Hill stones into the ground just now– we will try how we can manage for a month or two, first:— we will save our money— Tom will try to work at Fern Rock, and instead of building an extra room, the carpenter shall put up a shelf or two in the closet for papers, and a writing board shall be fastened on the armchair. Tuesday The sun shone out, and the birds resumed their July 24 precentorships in the high trees next to the house; and it was no less cheerful because the wind shook showers from the wet boughs all day. I sat up! three times, too, and read to my- -self. After Tom came out we had a delightful four hours talk, so completely about nothing that I remember nothing at all about it. Wednesday Very hot! Aunt Mary, Cousin Mary, Mary July 25. Thomas and Libbie Smith came out to see Harriet. Cousin Mary saw a likeness to Elisha besides the thumb, & Aunt Mary to Tom. They gave her a coral and sleeve clasps, Read Hugh Miller whose descriptions of the caves, and ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B26_F9_p146.jpg) deep pools of Cromarty Firth almost carried me from the hot woodland here, to Elie and its caves, and pools, and breezy heaths. But on the whole it is easier work with pure Romances, this weather. I like to read novels– it is so pleasant to think when I come to the happy wind-up, that I possess so much happier a reality. For which, thank God! Thursday Another oppressively hot day. However I was promoted July 26 to spending a considerable part of the day in my own room again. I finished Hugh Miller's book which I liked very much indeed. My darling looked ill, and went to bed early. Friday I was allowed to write, and so wrote to Tot before July 27 breakfast, and my diary afterwards. I never discovered any of the resemblances the family have seen in the baby, but today I saw a likeness to Willie Kane. I never saw any likeness to any one before. Tom was very much distressed today. A friend of his, Passmore Williamson, was committed to Moyamensing Prison, for helping slaves off, and Tom felt bound and pinioned by his duty as a Clerk of Court, and began yearning for the West. The West! How I dread the idea! But though Tom gave it up, I yet see that I must prepare for it ultimately. Saturday No very sound sleep last night for me. I was July 28 turning over in my mind the subject of Utah, and during the course of the morning resolved to tell Tom, that if he chose to go out next summer, and prepare for us, I would come out and join him as soon as the baby is old enough. This is only in case he feels it his duty to go there very strongly. Hard as the long separation would be to both of us, I fear he will not remain here long, contentedly. Yet, oh my darling husband, this clerkship which you feel so great a bondage, is a merciful grant of God to us. You are too weak to earn our livelihood, and I only pray that we may enjoy it till we can lay by a little. We spend up to our income now, for we live well, & Tom's charities are large still. I am puzzled whether it is not our duty to restrict them — My resolution prepared me for what happened in the evening. Tom asked me if I would let him go to Utah for a few months this next summer for his health. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B26_F9_p147.jpg) Thank God, I had been preparing myself all day, and I could say quite cheerfully that if he thought it would do his health good I would be too glad. He thinks he has dismissed the subject from his mind but it haunts him, and will, till he resolves to go. I trust then that that the interval of time before his going will be passed contentedly. We must give up the school, and I must save everything I can while we have this abundant income, for we'll want it soon enough. Unacknowledged to me, and probably to himself one of Tom's main objects is to try whether he has a good opening for making a livelihood there, and any chance of health. So if he return next autumn it will be either a broken- -hearted man, or to fetch me to the West. Now I must begin to look on the bright side! Sunday I took a long morning sleep, and was up July 29 and came down to dinner for the first time In the afternoon Tom and I sat in the draw- -ing room. How strange! Only three weeks ago I sat there, and wondered how it would feel to be a mother. Today we talked more fully about Utah, and resolved to let Tom's journey be decided by the state of his health next spring. Monday My darling is sick. His close attendance upon July 30 me, with the overwork in which he indulged in the first joyful excitement of having a child to work for, have broken him down, My God preserve him, and make him well soon! Tuesday Tom was better in the afternoon, and the rest July 31 of yesterday was very pleasant. I came down to tea, and spent the evening on a sofa in the dining room. The Judge talked to me about Lafayette's courtesy to old Mrs Robert Morris. Tom went to town this morning as the day was too dull to drive me. Sarah Butler brought me a basket of flowers. Little baby took notice of her bright new rattle. Wednesday Tom was sick today, and I had to take my first drive alone. Thursday Sick still! ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B26_F9_p148.jpg) Sunday I took a long morning sleep, and was up and down to July 29 dinner for the first time. In the afternoon Tom and I sat in the drawing room and talked about his proposed visit to Utah. We determined to allow the state of his health next summer to determine for us whether he should go. He proposed to spend June, July, August and Septem- -ber away. — Three weeks ago we sat and talked in this same room. What changes since! Monday When I woke this morning found my dear one July 30 sick with an attack of dysentery. Oh my God, spare us a time of wearying agony like last summer. Oh spare him now, do not let him be very ill, and if going to the mountains be good for him, enable me to persuade him to go! He was better after noon, and the rest of the day was very pleasant. I came down to tea and spent the rest of the evening downstairs. The Judge was talking to me about old Mrs Robt Morris and the courtesy of Lafayette towards her, on his triumphal visit to Phila. He spoke of Tot's remaining in England, as an undue sacrifice to C.M. I can see that he and Tom both think Papa selfish in allowing it, but I am sure he will miss Tot more than any one, and that he makes a sacrifice in sparing her the sight of the bickerings and annoyances of — home! Ah dear people would to God your home were as happy as mine! Tuesday As the day was dull, my promised drive was July 31 deferred, and Tom went into town early. After he went Sally Butler came and brought me an im- -mense basket of flowers, the arranging of which in vases occupied me nearly two hours. Then I pasted in my Letter book the latest letters I had received. There was one very sad one which I had not seen before, from poor Dr Joynes telling of his young wife's failing health, and the faint hope he had of her recovery. My baby is three weeks old today. I had fancied that her eyes followed us about the room for two or three days past, and this morning I tried an experiment. As she lay on her pillow I jingled her coral and bells before her eyes. Then moving it from side to side she turned her little head as it passed following it with her eyes. I half smothered her with kisses at the sight. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B26_F9_p149.jpg) In the afternoon Tom drove us, and we enjoyed it excessively. We went down Church, and Dewey's lanes to Thorp's and home by the old York road. Tom sang for me in the evening, but he had been suffering all day, though I did not know it, and we were both tired and went to bed early. Wednesday When I woke, heard that poor Tom was sick August 1 again, and spent all the time they would let me at his bedside. The Doctor forbids me to go to the mountains with Tom, on the baby's account, and I am very much bothered about him. Can he be persuaded to go without me, and ought he to go alone? — We were disappointed that we could not drive together. But for the fact that I had left my heart behind with him, I should have enjoyed my drive up the old York turn -pike very much. Every thing looked so fresh, green, and smiling. Thursday Tom much the same till evening when he August 2 felt better, and I left him in very good spirits to drive over to Germantown with baby and the Judge, in search of beefsteak, chloroform etc. I en- -joyed the drive very much. I met Mr Atkins my old teacher of composition with his wife. Friday Tom better. Read aloud to him, wrote to Papa and August 3 Walter, read him the Newcomes. Intended to drive out by Tacony Creek but Mrs Kane asked us to do errands in Germantown. On our return dear Tom came as far as the head of the stairs to meet us. I had a nice letter from M. Jones. Saturday We had to take our drive in the morning as Mrs August 4 K. wanted us to order coal in Germantown. Read aloud to Tom before I started. He was up and dressed to greet me on my return and we lunched together. Then while he read, I wrote diary. Dear baby looks about brightly now, there can be no doubt. How we all love her! ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B26_F9_p150.jpg) Sunday It rained all day, nevertheless I enjoyed it. I wrote to Tot August 5 and to Aunt Ann, and read and talked with Tom. Pat sent the Melodeon out, so that Tom could read without going downstairs, as it could be carried up to him. We had a long talk about dear Pat in the evening. Monday Saturday A lovely day. Tom and I took a lo first stroll on the August 6 terrace together. Then I mended his shirts, wrote diary and put down accounts. In the afternoon the Judge drove us past Rensselaer, and by old Rorer's. Tom and I sat in the dining-room with his father and mother in the evening, and it was very pleasant. Tuesday Tom and I took our second stroll – as far as the August 7 "cut" to see the train go by. We are having delicious autumn-like weather, just now. Read Combe and Woman in the Nineteenth Century. Drove through Germantown in the afternoon. Wrote to Cousin Margaret. Wednesday Tom able to go to town today. The baby was weighed August 8 yesterday, as she was four weeks old, and to my surprise weighed only seven pounds, her weight at a week old. But Tom then told me that two weeks ago the little creature grew very thin, and must have lost a pound or so and that since we began regular driving she appeared to regain flesh rapidly. Little darling! I hope she will be healthy. I think so much about Tot, Harry and Willie. Oh God, watch over them, and avert all the evil consequences that appear likely to follow the step they have taken. Tom came to the de- -termination yesterday to give up the schools, in order to have enough to enable us to maintain Tot should we find a chance of getting her to live with us next spring. I copied part of the diary which I dictated to Tom during my sickness, and got my closet in good order. Then took a drive up the Limekiln road with the Judge, and got home in time to meet Tom on his road from the cars. He brought an immense ten months old English mastiff, which he has purchased to guard the house at night, and accompany us by day in our walks. Harry Wharton came out to dinner, with Pat, and saw the baby who behaved creditably, dear wee darling. In the afternoon Tom slept while I read the papers, and in the evening Tom sang parts of Lucrezia Borgia ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B26_F9_p151.jpg) for me, explaining the plot as he proceeded. How very much I enjoyed it! Thursday The day was dull and close till near two o'clock when August 9 a brisk shower cleared up into the sky. I wrote to — really – I forget now to whom I did write. I read the book on Cryptogamia and Woman in the XIX century. I made also a poultice for Tom's arm and then got him to sleep, before dinner. After dinner the Judge drove us along the York road to Nicetown Lane, and home by the old Second Street Road. Tom sang part of the evening. Friday Harriet is a month old today. She was pretty restless last August 10 night, so I slept late this morning, and Tom went to Town before I saw him, but not without sending me a cluster of beautiful scarlet leaves, as a sign that autumn was coming. It might be autumn now, so clear and cold the air is today. After my breakfast I set to work and put Tom's room in thorough order, arranging all his clothes nicely, and clearing his pockets of the rubbish he had collected in them during my sickness. Among old scraps of paper, I collected over nine dollars! This morning William drove us over to Germantown, and I found myself quite strong enough to go to the depôt and meet Tom– a simple pleasure, but a great one to me, and to judge by his face, to him too. We sat up in his room part of the evening. Saturday Another delightful day. Harriet was very good, so Tom, Bessie August 11 and I, with the nurse and the young lady herself took a most beautiful drive along Tacony Creek, and past Mrs Roland's. Then I lay down till near dinner time reading Margaret Fuller's book. I like it, but how she writes from books, not men! — After dinner I stayed with the baby while Tom slept, and before tea we took a stroll together out to the bridge. I did not do much more as my headached and I went to bed early. I wish I could determine what is best for the children! Sunday Another sweet day. Tom and I strolled about the woods August 12 for some time, and then had a long talk about Tot, and at last concluded to write to her to come to us. I don't know yet how we shall arrange the matter, but God will show me: & R.P.K. help, perhaps We had a long walk through Churchman's woods in the evening and oh how delightful it was! I wrote a long letter to Harry urging her to take care of her health, and Tom wrote to Tot, offering her a home with us. Tom thinks she should come, and be dependent on him but I know neither she nor Papa would ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B26_F9_p152.jpg) consent to that, and I should be heartily ashamed of them if they did. Tom and I don't see money matters with the same eyes. However I hope it will all get right in good time! Monday A very warm day. The Judge drove us in the afternoon, and Aug 13. in the evening Tom and he talked together while I talked to Bess. Spent part of the morning in examining mosses part in arranging and putting away, our silver. Heard of poor Bessie Carey's death. Tuesday Our baby is five weeks old today, and weighs August 14 7lbs 9oz and 1/4. So she has quite fattened. We took a lovely drive through some new lanes, and then I collected some mosses and lichens in the wood to look at under the microscope. Two Mormons spent the greater part of the day here. One, Mr John Taylor, was one of the four who were attacked by the mob at Carthage, when two of them Hyrum and Joseph Smith were murdered. He gave me an account of it, and of Western travelling generally. Tom and I were alone in the evening Mrs Kane, Bessie and the Judge being at Leiperville Wednesday Took a delightful drive through some lanes entirely August 15 new to me. Wasted the remainder of the morning in reading Horse Shoe Robinson and playing with the baby, who cooed to day for the first time, and smiled when I played with her. Tom's clerk Mr Burchard had a daughter married this morning. Tom exercised his voice all the evening Thursday Showery. Wrote a long letter to Lizzie M. August 16 Did nothing particular Friday or Saturday, except examining mosses and lichens and trying to understand the principle of Colour. My darling Tom consented to go to the mountains. Sunday Another cool delicious day. I forgot to say that on Friday August 19 evening the Judge talked with me for a long time about poor Passmore Williamson and I saw that his heart was sore for Tom's sympathy. So I told my own darling, and on Saturday evening he let the Judge talk to him on the subject, and on Sunday he went over the place with him, and I saw that his father's heart was lighter by far than it had been. We read a chapter or so together and had altogether a very happy day. Monday Walked to the cars with Tom, and on my return washed August 20 and dressed baby for the first time. Our drive today was quite long and I drove some distance. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B26_F9_p153.jpg) Tom stayed at home till Friday morning and I was so busy and so pleasantly occupied that I never thought of my diary once. This morning Friday Aug. 24 Tom went to town, and I remembered my diary. I have one of my bad colds, increased I believe by last night's trotting up and down with my sweet child whose bright eyes obstinately refused to close. I wrote to Tot this week, and so did Bessie. Her letter was a very kind and sweet one, indeed. Just the kind of letter, I should like to receive! Tom intended to pay some calls in the evening so that he might set off on a mountain journey with nothing on his mind. But in the evening he was taken with that pain again, which always leaves him weak for a day or two. Saturday Tom was better, and tried a remedy of old Governor Aug. 25. Penn's. I hope it will be a successful one. We drove over to Dr Betton's to ask him to come and vaccinate baby, and to know whether we might not accompany Tom when he is able to go. This he refused. Dear baby was with me most part of the day, and behaved charmingly till night, when, the nurse having left me alone with Jane, we did not get on well. Baby waked and cried a good deal. – Nell and Papa sail to day. Sunday This morning in dressing the baby, I had a great fright, August 26 and I still feel very anxious about her. I am momently expecting Dr Betton. Oh my Father teach me how to manage my baby! This was written at 11 A.M. I could not help worrying about her so much, that after dinner Tom took me a delightful farm walk, and soon after our return Dr Betton came and said nothing was the matter. How thankful I am! Poor Tom had to sleep in my room as Pat occupied his, and owing to Miss Harriet's restlessness did not sleep one wink. Monday I am trying to make my baby regular in her August 27 habits, and in pursuance thereof she is now lying awake in her crib because it is sleepy time. I hope she won't wake and put my good resolutions to the test of keeping her there in spite of everything. — Baby was wonderfully good but she tired me very much, as I had to attend to her nearly all day so I went to bed early Tuesday Baby seven weeks old weighed 8lbs 3oz — 3oz & 1/4 more than last week. August 28 She crowed and smiled at her father this morning. I am getting her into pretty good habits. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B26_F9_p154.jpg) I altered the skirt of a dress, as I sat by her, as she slept, while Tom directed the cutting down of some trees. This is another of the many days I had hoped to enjoy a drive with Tom, but every day he is either sick or has been doing work for somebody or other till he is knocked up poor dear fellow! I hate to be always trying to prevent him, it seems as if I were a selfish scold, but I always see bad consequences re- -sulting from everything of the kind. And then when he is sick it is always – "He eat so and so," or "he did this or that – why didn't you prevent him?" As if I liked to worry him, because he takes it patiently from me! — Tom did go driving with me, to my great satisfaction. We first went to enquire after Becky Dunlap who was much better, and then took a lovely drive along the Wissahickon. We saw some beautiful blue wild flowers, of which we resolved to transplant a few to Fern Rock when the season comes. — Read Chevreul in the evening. Wednesday Tom was working at a fishpond, and so did not August 29 drive with me– I called at the Dunlap's, Pugh's, Henry's and Toland's. Went to bed early. Had a nice letter from Walter. Thursday Heard of the dreadful death of poor George Ingersoll. August 30 I cannot realise the possibility that he, so full of life and hope only a day ago, will never come strolling through these woods again, as I have seen him do so often since we came here. What a dreadful blank life must now become to his poor father and mother with never another child or grand-child to console them! — Our drive today was a long and entirely new one, back of Chestnut Hill. I enjoyed it very much it looked like the blessed mountain country of Pennsylvania, and it was so pleasant to have dear Tom with me. Friday Today we drove to the end of the Wissahickon turnpike, August 31 returning by Chesnut Hill. I enjoyed it very much. In the evening I finished Chevreul's book on Colours, a work which has been the means of opening a wonderful source of pleasure to me. I am going to try whether I cannot educate my baby and myself together, and since she takes so much of my time up, to consider no circumstance too small to be turned to our mutual advantage. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B26_F9_p155.jpg) For instance – I shall endeavour to wash and dry her thoroughly enough to dispense with powder— to teach her regular habits— to conquer her stomach aches with- -out having recourse to drugs, etc. Saturday And now let me make a plan for the month. September 1 Baby is nursed twice in the night, and once before I rise. After breakfast I must dress her & nurse her to sleep. Till driving time, read my Bible, write diary etc. Drive – lunch <+> – bathe – study or sew – dine <+> – sleep – undress baby – tea <+>. Then come up stairs while Jane is at her tea, and study. Afterwards write or study. Poor George Ingersoll is to be buried today. — We enjoyed a delightful drive today, Bessie, Harriet and I. Over by Mr Francis Fisher's, and Dolly Lolly's corner. Sunday Tom and I read the 32nd Psalm, and then Ruth together, and September 2. then strolled through the Churchman and Butler Woods, gathering purple Iron Weed, Golden Rod, green Ferns and crimson and yellow leaves, with feathery Sedge with which I filled our marble vase, while Tom festooned our white and gold mirror with a bending spray of crimson and black berries. As usual our afternoon was rendered miserable with the baby's cries, who suffers very much from colic. Monday Tom and I took a long walk through Nice's woods, strolling September 3 out now and then to look at the lovely valley with its fields of buckwheat and waving corn, and then we found an abandoned quarry with a rich red hue on the rocks and on the gravel and dark green sprays of bramble overhanging its sides. Og looked fine lying in a soft bed he scraped for himself in the rich red earth. In the afternoon we had a great time with the baby, its grandparents being very anxious it should take Dewees' Carminative which we preferred it should not. Tuesday I wrote to Tot, but I don't remember anything particular September 4 about the week, except that on Thursday Papa and Nell landed in America. On Saturday I had letters from Papa and Tot. Saturday night Tom and I spent alone and restlessly with the baby. How curious it is to see the daily slight gain in intelligence made by the baby. This week I notice that she knows that she is regularly fed after her bath, and also that she knows me. She crows and laughs quite often now, and begins to put out her hands ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B26_F9_p156.jpg) to grasp at things. She is very strong, and splashes in the water with wonderful energy, and I think inherits her father's powerful grip if one may judge in so small a baby. Poor Charlotte's letter distressed me. I see she feels keenly her deprivation from home joys and home faces. I am half afraid to see Papa, God grant that I may do my duty to them, and yet — I don't think we should leave Fern Rock. I wish Papa would buy a little house near us, for Tot and the children! I am writing on Sunday, on my return from a stroll in the woods with Tom. We read our Bibles on Fern Rock. There are a great many squirrel holes in a line with the cave. I wonder if it extends further than we suppose! — I had myself weighed on Friday – 99 lbs, 3 more than Bessie weighs. Baby weighed on Tuesday only one ounce more than the preceding week – 8 lbs 4 oz. Monday Baby is two months old today wee darling. Tom went Sept. 10 into town and I watched the baby and trimmed her cap and read an affected book, called Christie Johnstone. For instance it persists in calling a boy – the baddish boy – all the time and in making sentences like this. — She liked him She esteemed him But she did not love him Therefore she could not marry him— Psha! I have no patience with it. Charles Nodier writes a book called the Seven Castles of the King of Bohemia – a book whose main end is to palaver forever and end without a word on the subject of the Seven Castles. This man Reade copies his style. Tuesday Baby weighs 8 lbs 12 1/2 oz. a gain of a large half pound Sept. 11 within the last week. Tom ordered Bockius to come for us at ten, but here is eleven and he has not shown his face yet. Upon the whole, the day was so warm and Tom's head ached so, I was glad Bockius did not come. Wrote to Papa in the evening. Harriet grows more charming in my eyes every day. Wednesday We took a drive, but the sun was too hot for us to go far. Sept. 12 Poor Harriet roared with colic all the way home, but still her attacks are much slighter and she grows a dear good baby. I was disappointed to get no ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B26_F9_p157.jpg) letter from home, although Tom says I ought not to expect one. I went down to the cars to meet Bess in the evening, and was fully rewarded by the exquisite sunset view of Half Mile Valley for the long time I had to wait. I wish Papa would pay his visit and let me hear his plans for the dear children. I delay writing to Tot until I am more sure what to say. I can't write to any one else either, and I try hard to feel as kindly to Cousin Margaret as if she did not occupy the position she does. Sunday A quiet Sunday alone with dear Tom. Septr 16 The family were in town Monday 17 I was hard at work putting Tom's room in order for our guests. Lucy Wickham came that evening, and her husband the following morning. Tuesday, and Wednesday we spent in entertaining them, and on Thursday they departed, taking Bessie. On Friday morning the Judge Pat and Mrs Kane followed, to Aunt Mary's where there is to be a dinner. This is the 21st and no news of either Expedition. If I feel alarmed and anxious how dreadfully His family must feel! The subject is never approached unless some little hopeful allusion is made to what will be done under such and such circumstances after their return. May God bring them safe home! Babys weight on Tuesday was only an ounce and three quarters more than the preceding week. 8lb14 [-] Monday On Saturday and Sunday Tom and I enjoyed two nice long Septr 24 walks, and I received a nice letter from dear Tot in high spirits, written at Elie. The wee baby was vaccinated on Friday, and has a new accomplishment that of carrying her little fist to her mouth, and another, of refusing to sleep unless in my arms. – I must try to improve. It seems to me I am degenerating in every way. Tom spoils me, and so do the rest. – I sewed most part of the evening, and took a walk up past Rensselaer by myself in the morning besides setting down my accounts and writing diary Tuesday Baby eleven weeks old. Weighs as I supposed she would, less Septr 25 than before, only 8 lbs 11 oz. Friday Yesterday I wrote to Harry and to Tot. Today is the last Septr 28 of our school. We shall set Miss Wilson up, & then P.W.'s board ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B26_F9_p158.jpg) will be the only constantly recurring expense of that kind. I must economise my expenditure. I am sorry that I must go to New York because I shall need more things than ever. I need a warm cloth cloak I am sorry to find, but I think I can do without a new bonnet this year, if Tom will let me, by having my old one altered. I find my collars are nearly worn out too, and I need some new ones. I will try to be neat, and make "old things look amaist as well as new." We spend a great deal, though we are not as rich as we were, and do not keep house. It won't do. Please God, we will not be dependent even if we lose our clerkship! Sunday This day four years ago Elisha returned from his first Arctic Septr 30 voyage. Where is he now! Tom and I, after our reading strolled about the place talking, and gathering chestnuts. There was a forlorn attempt to drink the health of the absent ones that broke down com- -pletely, at dinner. We heard in the evening, that Miss Wilson is provided for, thank God, so we need not fancy her suffering from the want of our employment, this winter. Monday I had to mind Harriet while Jane was at her washing, and October 1 then I paid a call on Sarah Butler with whom Bessie wanted to spend the day and brought home with me Chaucer's Canter- -bury Tales part of which I read to Tom in the evening Tuesday Baby twelve weeks old, weighs 9 lbs 13 oz. October 2nd Walter came to see us this afternoon. I do wish he would marry some nice girl, like Margaret Jones. Wednesday I took Walter a walk down the railroad, and we October 3 talked chiefly of family matters. After lunch we drove over to the Dunlap's, to ask Nanny to return to dinner. She was not at home, however. I wish dear Pat would marry her. He will not be happy as a bachelor and is getting into old bachelor ways. Dear Pat! How kind he is to me. Tom told me this evening that the post of Minister to England has been offered to the Judge. If he accepts it, we are ruined. I hope that I will be able to keep a cheerful countenance for Tom's sake. Thursday Walter & Tom went up to Fort Washington while Lizzie Mitchell October 4 Bessie and I drove up to Mrs Francis Fisher's beautiful place. Outside frowned a Penitentiary looking wall. Inside, standing at the house door you looked over a trimly kept, half lawn, half garden, slope, on woods and fields and a pretty meandering stream. He I ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B26_F9_p159.jpg) It was almost as if one had passed the guarded entrance and entered the great old Garden of Eden. As we came home we met the gentlemen returning and the house in the woods looked very home- -like as we came laughing and talking up the wood path. In the evening I read aloud. Friday Walter left us this morning, I had to mind October 5. the baby all the morning, and was troubled to know whether the Judge would accept. Tom brought me home a delightful budget of home letters. Saturday Such a stormy day! Tom would go up to town, October 6 and I was pretty busy. Right in the midst of a long letter to Miss Preston, in walked Tom to my delight. Cousin Mary Gray spent the day here. No word yet of the Judge's resolutions. Sunday I went to church at the Baptist meeting house October 7 but did not enjoy it much. Tom went in town. to the House of Refuge. I have been thinking over my conduct. Ugh! how bad I am! I must try to perform some of the very few duties that fall upon me, and remember "Whatsoever thou hast to do, do it with all thy might." Monday Was a delicious autumn day. Mother and I walked to Mrs Burns' October 8 farmhouse and returned laden with apples. Then I took a rusty knife, and a tin box, and spent the time before dinner in hunting curious mosses for my little winter-garden, and whose names I mean to learn if I can. Tom did not-come home till evening, and then the Judge wanted to read me an opinion which took up all my time. Tom told me that his Father had refused the office, for which I am very thankful. But we must save for Tom says a spy was sent from Washington to cut down his receipts, already very much diminished. Tuesday Today Harriet is thirteen weeks old, and weighs 10 lbs. 2 oz. October 9. Dr Betton came and vaccinated her, but it did not take I had a nice letter from Miss Preston giving me advice about Harrie. Tom went to town while Mother and I drove to call on Mrs McKean. The house I like, and the distant view, but the grounds looked exactly like Downing's ground plan. The fishpond was round, with a straight canal leading to it, and an up and down bridge. The banks were perfectly smooth and round. Catch ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B26_F9_p160.jpg) a stray fern there! As soon might you find an Indian encampment. Then a hard rounded road, made thoroughly well, with stone gutters wound in an exact serpentine up to the house. All the hills were rounded off smooth, and two yellow paths diverging to right and left, led in exactly the same curve round two hills thus attracting one's attention to the fact that the hills might have been bowls turned on a lathe to match each other. It put me in mind of Caroline Southey's description of a similar place where the fish-pond had a willow fringed island in its centre "for all the world like a frilled pincushion in a tureen of pea soup." Tom was busy electioneering, and caught a very bad cold. Wednesday Tom and Bess both in town. Bess brought little Miss Hayes October 10 out to stay. I trimmed a bonnet for myself! Tom wanted me to hear his father's opinion on the Passmore Williamson case again, but I had to stay with Miss Hayes Thursday Walked with Bessie and Miss Hayes over to Sarah October 11 Butler's, before lunch. Then took care of Harrie till dinner. After dinner Tom and I lay down to sleep and were roused to hear that a Mr Martin wanted Tom, While Tom dressed, I began undressing Harrie. Suddenly, Mother flew upstairs, crying—Oh, he says he thinks Elisha's in New York! What a confused joyful scene! Bessie remained with her mother in the evening, and I accom- -panied Miss Hayes to a little party where we were all to have spent the evening. Tom and Pat hurried off to meet Elisha. Just as we left Mrs Cadwalader's came a furious gust, rain, and wind, and thunder, and it was difficult to reach the house. Friday Raw and gusty in the morning. Bessie went up to town October 12. to be "near the news", while I stayed to entertain Miss Hayes. About noon it cleared, and we went out, & romped with Og. At dinner time Johnny Green came out with the newspapers. How we pounced on them! They gave us plenty of occupation in the evening. All the afternoon I was busy hanging Elisha's pictures in our room. Saturday Hard at work helping Mother who is busy house- October 13. -cleaning. At five we heard that we might expect all the boys at ten o'clock, so we had candles in every window, and a bonfire in the meadow, ready to light. I lay down to rest, and in my sleep heard ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B26_F9_p161.jpg) them come. I started up and warned Mother and Bess who were still in their working-dress, and while they ran down, I hastily threw on my own dress and came more slowly after them. Elisha and Johnny looked so well. Ah poor Tom, and Pat looked so worn and pale beside them! One would fancy that it was they who had been toiling and suffering in the ice. Then Tom brought them up to see Harrie, and they seemed pleased with her. There were very thankful hearts under- -neath our roof that night. Sunday A glorious day! I meant to go to church with Bessie October 14. but could not get the baby dressed in time. So I stayed at home and read to myself, and then came and listened to Elisha, and did what I could to help Mother. Aunt Ann, Evan Thomas, Mr Leiper, Robert Patterson, Dr Betton & Charley Fox, with H Wharton & Weir Mitchell, all dropped in. In the evening Elisha went off to Wash- -ington, but not before he promised to tell me how to take care of my darling Tom. It was a golden day in all our lives. Monday Johnny went to New York & Tom to town. Bessie and I October 15 walked to Grub town and back and on our return met Dr Betton who came to vaccinate little H. Wrote to Tot. Tuesday Tom at home. Walked with Bessie and myself to October 16 Branchtown, and back through the woods. Found autumn violets in the meadow. Harry fourteen weeks old. Weighs 10.11. 3/4 Read aloud to Bessie in the evening. Wednesday Poor Harry has a cold. Tom and Bessie having gone October 16 to town I pasted letters, wrote diary, etc, and watched Harry while Jane ironed. I am so sleepy. Harry has kept me awake so much since Saturday night. I see that it is best for her health that I should lead the placid — dull? No, it isn't that – life I do, for the excitement of the last few days has evidently been bad for her. I hope God will teach me to be a faithful wife, and mother, and daughter, and sister, and to do my duties as His servant. Oh, how seldom I remember that I am called by His Name. Thursday Bessie, Miss Hayes, and I, walked to Branchtown by the road, and October 17. back through the woods. Heard that Aunt Patterson has re- -turned. Johnny came home in the evening as I was writi reading aloud to the girls. He looks very well, and appears to be improved by his trip. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B26_F9_p162.jpg) Friday Walked with Bessie and Miss Hayes to call on the October 19 Cadwalader's, and on my return home made my first attempt at a pudding, which was as heavy as lead. Received nice cheery letters from Papa and Tot, and a very homesick one from poor dear Harry. My cold was so bad that I went to bed very early. Saturday Mother wanted my room cleaned, and instead of being October 20 obliged to her, I was as ungracious as possible about moving into Bessie's room, and let Tom think I was to be pitied, etc, etc – and so got him into a little "tiff." I'm a mean beast, and that's the truth! Tom was hard at work all day fixing Elisha's room, and when we met upstairs after tea, in the bright newly carpeted comfortable nursery I acknowledged my naughtiness. Sunday Tom was busy fixing EKK's room and I went over to help October 21 him. Then I read and learned my verses. E.K. was with Tom most part of the day. In the evening they sang hymns & I wrote to Walter. Monday 22 I don't remember anything about. Pasted EKK's slips of newspapers Tuesday 23 Wrote to Charlotte, and to Cousin M. and minded Harrie all morning. Weighed her– she is fifteen weeks old today, and weighs 10 Lb 8 3/4. Her cold has shaken her considerably. I see she recognises her bath, and knows why she is undressed. I think she begins to know strangers from friends. Heard that the Mills had been seized by the sheriff for Mr W. Leiper's debts! Wednesday Copied prayers, sewed and read, and seized the opportunity October 24 of a gleam of clear sky to ramble along Rock Run. How " beautiful the effect of the four days rain has been! At the junction of the streams, there is a plank bridge to the garden, on which I stood. Our clear Chante=Pleurs came sparkling down to meet turbid Rock Run and both together foamed in miniature rapids to the island near the bridge. Following the right bank of Chante Pleurs I came to Fern Rock. Oh, how richly covered with gray lichens, and emerald moss, and apple green thallophytes, all the rocks were! And Chante Pleurs brattled down its bed in many a tiny waterfalls, keeping up its cheery rippling song all down the valley. Overhead the sky was still gray, though one hardly felt it, so gay and bright were the autumn colours of the maple tree leaves strewing the ground beneath, while the light came richly mellowed through the golden chestnut boughs. But when I stood on the big stepping stone at the brook crossing, and looked up the dam breast to the pond to see ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B26_F9_p163.jpg) the mirrored trees and ferns, I saw in its placid face that the gray sky was melting into a soft hazy blue with here and there a fleecy cloud. The marks of the work that has been done,– scarred banks, and bare earth were all hidden by the leaves that the rain had washed down, and even the unsightly cart track, looked like a lovely winding woodland lane, tempting one to follow it, if there had not been even a prettier mossy footpath up the hill, bringing one unexpectedly near to this quiet still friendly, gray home of ours that scarcely intrudes upon the quiet solitude of the woods. The squirrels have forgiven us; they play quite close to the terrace, and one might almost fancy that the Drayads were coming back to their old haunts, to tend the tiny maple shoots, with their baby leaves turning to gold and crimson in emulation of the parent tree above, and contrasting so prettily with the transparent green of the pair of leaves the baby tulip trees are uplifting. Standing in front of the verandah, there can already be seen between the tree stems, a glimpse of Nice's rolling meadow land, and a green field – is it springing wheat? I am too ignorant in country life to know – I brought Tom round the valley again when he came home. In the afternoon we both took a nap and in the evening I drew Tom's big chair to the fire, and while he read I wrote this Thursday 25 Sewed, and read and minded baby. Friday 26 Went in town for the first time since June 26, four months ago, now. I went to Aunt Patterson's to hear how poor Becky was. She is very dangerously ill. The old streets looked very familiar and full of associations with dear Tom, and I felt quite glad to see the people I knew again, and to go to the Library. Coming out of town I found several gentlemen had come to dine, which was a bore, but I alas found Harrie well and lively which was pleasant. Saturday Spent in town. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B26_F9_p164.jpg) Here is the end of November, and I have written nothing in my diary the whole month. I spent two very pleasant weeks in New York, and then returned much better in health myself, and with a very great improvement in little Harry. While in New York my picture was painted for Papa, and I am very glad now, because I shall not have any more daguerreotypes taken, as I have stretched complaisance to its utmost limits, I think. Mr Fagnani offered to paint Tom at half price. I wish he would be persuaded to be painted that Harriet might know what a lovely face he has. And I read a little book called Hope Campbell, which will do me good I hope. Today is the 30th. Tom is not well, so he is spending the day at home, and we are going to walk together. — I have not been in the mood for writing in my diary, not because I had nothing to say but because I had too much. I have been unhappy about the question of baptising Harry, and so has dear Tom, and though I finally gave it up believing it would do us greater harm if I persisted than any good, yet Tom is still a little estranged from me. Then if I am pained by his confessing any symptom of it, I long for Mamma or Tot to confide in, and ask counsel how to act, and reflect that one is dead, and one away, and that my dearest earthly friend I cannot lean on for counsel and help in these things, I sho would show the pain, and grieve him, if it were not that I have one friend, undying, and always present, whose words I can trust. And I hope He will guide my steps, and bring us and our child to His feet. — And I worry to know whether I am doing right about the way I live, not keeping to the regular observances of the Christians round me, etc. This morning I came to the conclusion that if I properly performed the duties I have plainly before me, Christ would show me what to do about the rest. And in His hands I leave my husband, my dear dear husband. Christ knows better than I how to make him love Him. But I cannot believe that it is well for me to write these things down. I don't wish to write anything that Tom might not see, and it would grieve him to know how these things cut me. So I shall not write just now in my book Decr 16th 1855. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B26_F9_p165.jpg) Decr 17 Yesterday I was in town, Christmas present buying, and took wee Harry with me. She behaved sweetly. How her little mind developes! She can appreciate "This is the way the ladies go! Ride, Ride, Ride Ride!" and such things, and is wild to dance to the sound of "Wha wadna' fight for Charlie?" when they sing it to the piano for her. And she had two teeth before she was five months old. And she is darling! I met poor Mrs Olmsted my Girard Street neighbor whom I used to pity when she came a lonely, newly-married wife to live in Philadelphia, whom I used to envy after- -wards when she had a baby companion, and I was childless, and who now a childless mother is more profoundly lonely than either she or I ever were before. God grant our child's life! I have been writing some words to an air which Tom wanted to teach the House of Refuge children to sing on Christmas day. He wants me now to try to write a sort of framework of the scenery, temperature, habits of life etc of Judea, at the time our Saviour lived, in order to give them clearer associations with the little hints which the Testament gives. I have been reading Bartlett's Jerusalem to give me information, but I am afraid it is too hard a task for my powers. — I have been sewing quite a good deal lately, and correcting, or trying to correct some translations of S.B's. But I waste a very great deal of time. Today I enjoyed a good long walk with Tom, and did some sewing, but I wasted time on a novel called Cyrilla — a bad book. On Thursday I went into town with Harry to get her daguerreotype taken for Tom's Christmas present. Coming into his office he joyfully informed me that a situation as Clerk in an insurance office, with a salary of $2500. I was completely taken aback by this intelligence, which I thought very bad news much to Tom's sacrifice. It is only another warning to prepare for the West. After long discussions Tom went into town on Saturday to see the President and heard enough to convince him that it was wiser to remain where he is. But he said that the lesson was that we must not waste the time and money he now has at command. I found a letter from dear Papa enclosing $100 to buy Harry & myself Christmas presents. I was very sorry for it, for I hate to wound the dear fellow by sending it back. Tom prefers I should wait till after Christmas that Papa may not feel his kindness ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B26_F9_p166.jpg) rejected till afterwards. But these different things have worried me, and made me headachy and nervous, and today, though I had a lovely Sunday walk with Tom, I behaved like a coward in crossing the Ingersoll's bridge over the railroad actually screaming because Tom wished me to stand on the middle Decr 23. log and look down. And I feel quite sick now with nervousness. We had a delightful Christmas. Tom gave me a beautiful microscope, which gives me the very greatest pleasure I put a drop of pepper wine under the glass and for one moment saw Life. I tried again, and again, unsuccessfully. In that moment I saw, or fancied I saw, two living globules transfused, as the souls in Dante, were. A long snaky thing with eyes and a transparent body within which I could see motion, I saw too. — I put a lichen under the glass. For some reason I had the prismatic colours thrown on it, and I had a green rolling country with pink shadows on the hillsides and treacherous violet coloured pits, with orange rocks. – But I hope Tom will bring me out a book to show me the proper use of the Microscope. January 1 The New Year! And Tom and I are both well, 1856 so are our parents, brothers, and sisters, we have a lovely healthy baby, are not in debt, are very happy, and certainly love each other no less than we did yesterday twelvemonth! A pleasant summary! May God give us strength and will to do our duty this year! I found we had spent less than we feared this year. $3320. I hope this year to spend only $2,000 February 12 All last month the snow lay heavy on the ground, and though it is thawing now the sky threatens another snowstorm. I have been entirely at home, very happy, and very busy. Tom has been hard at work on Elisha's book, and has been better in health than any winter since his marriage. Our baby thrives wonderfully, can say "Mamma" and look towards any one who is named before her. She misses her father, who is now at Harrisburg; looking constantly at the door, and then to his pillow – and all round the room. I received a letter from dear Tot, which has given me much anxiety. It is as follows. No it is too long to copy. But she said substantially, that she could not go back to live in 16th street, & that if she could have a home with us she would be thankful ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B26_F9_p167.jpg) Otherwise she must stay with Aunt Mary. I wrote to assure her of a home with us, and also tried to see if there were any plan by which Walter and she, Harry Nell and Willie might live together. But Papa said No she must live in Sixteenth Street, and on the 25th Walter engaged himself to a Miss Redmond, so my plan was knocked on the head. I wish Tot, Tom, Helen and I lived together, but God knows best. March 2 I get no time to write in my diary I work at my needle a great deal and try to improve my mind. Baby still well and strong. Poor Tom working himself to death writing E's book. Today, I hope the spring thaw really commences. March 3 I went into town today; it was raw and cold. Dearest Baby grows charming and is music mad. last night she was up late insisting on Tom's playing on & on March 4. Tom received news today that the $30.000 which he lately went to Harrisburg to obtain for the House of Refuge was secured. I also had a letter from my new sister every way pleasing. Mr and Mrs Fisher spent the evening with us. Old Mr Taylor died in the afternoon March 5 Went into town, and Tom took me to McAllister's to look at a polariscope which I enjoyed very very much. Afterwards I trotted about shopping till train time. March 6 Rode over to Germantown. Read some of Macaulay's History. March 7 Went to town — shopping — Read and darned and minded wee Harry. March 8 I minded Harry this morning till one o'clock. It was a delicious bracing day, and thawing fast. Tom, the Judge and I walked to Oak Lane on the railroad. Coming home Tom slighted the idea that I had seen green along a brook on the 6th as the ground is so hard frozen, but I found some leaves pushing Leaves of grass or clover, I mean. Read Lardner's book on Light in the evening. Mr Taylor the Head of the Mormon Church east of the Rocky Mountains and the William Kimball, a pleasant looking fellow – son of Heber C. Kimball, and on his return from an English Mission dined with us today. How nice it is to see people so different ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B26_F9_p168.jpg) from oneself. Like that fascinating book Mauprat it stirs one up to avoid the "set gray life, and apathetic end." My little pet has not been well for two or three days but looks better this afternoon. She says "Mamma" "Og" "Dada" and "Nany," can shake "day day" & "Tirorchees" (childish accomplishments, but something for a baby not yet eight months old!) and is violently éprise of Mr Dallas' picture, which she can show you when asked for, as well as knowing her doll, Og, and the whole household. I think she is bright. March 12 Harry was eight months old on the 10th. Today is bright, clear and windy. I wish business wd begin on the river! We are losing a large portion of our income, and are slipping behindhand in our board. I thought we should have all that we owed of it paid off by May. But at present we are really in need of ready money. I am glad we are not keeping house for we should be in a tight place. Oh if I cd only earn money! Tom is so busy on E's book that he can't do anything else. E— will probably be renowned in the story of this generation, while Tom will not be known. Yet Tom perfectly unselfish, never requiring a service from any one, but always working for others, never spending either time or money on his own gratification — only wanting money to spend in doing good; bearing sickness so patiently, and working for others through it – a model of complete self denial, self abnegation — is as superior to E. as light to darkness. All is not gold that glitters! March 18 Spring coming! Blue birds singing and all the streams full. Mosses and one or two leaves green We were at the House of Refuge where Tom has set Bessie to teaching the girls to sing. He says they do her great credit. I had a letter from Walter enclosing Sabina's picture which I like very much. Tom slipped on the hillside in the afternoon and hurt his foot very much March 19. Woke this morning to see every twig loaded with snow. It is full five inches deep! Tom wd go to town. I hope he will not suffer for it. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B26_F9_p169.jpg) April 1st I really meant to write diary regularly, and yet the days Tuesday slip away unnoted. I suppose I have idled all my time though I don't like to think so. Since I wrote here last I copied "Morton's Journey" for Tom turning the first person into the third, and altering a sentence here and there. On Monday Bess and I hearing that Miss Lyons the clergyman's sister was sick, so we called on her. The house is a little two story one, two rooms above, and a parlor and kitchen below. Miss Lyons opened the door for us and we stepped at once into the little parlor. The carpet was up, the floor newly washed, and the poor little bookcase whose doors had been thrown open with innocent pride on the occasion of our former visit, was now taken to pieces and lying on the floor. We were shown into the little kitchen — one no larger than our Girard Street one, and with a low sloping roof. Never- -theless it was as "clean as the eye", and several healthy looking plants stood in the brightest of red pots on one sill of the tiny windows. The other had a few earthen- -ware dishes on it. A very few narrow shelves sufficed to contain the scanty array of pots and kettles, and a tiny little cooking stove bore a kettle. It was near eleven, and there was a strong smell of soap and water, but none of meat or savory onions, nothing more appetizing than the odor of wet floor in the next room. Miss L– had a very bad sore throat, she said. We suggested that it was an unfavorable time to commence the spring cleaning, and she told us they were going away. "Brother" had felt since last summer that there was not that witness of the Spirit which he desired, and had made up his mind that he ought to go. " Before he men- -tioned it however, the elders had requested him to leave. — Tom made me leave off writing there, and here is the 16th! ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B26_F9_p170.jpg) 12th May Tom went to Washington early this morning, on business of EKK's 1856 and so my twentieth birthday passed without him. We were so sorry to miss both the May party and this anniversary. I was very busy till I went over to Germantown (where Papa and C. M. are spending a week) and we took a little drive returning on account of her baby. I took mine over dressed in a white cashmere talma, a cap trimmed with white ribbons with a pink streamer. She looked charming dear pet, but Grandmamma begged to be allowed to take her to see some friends instead of going to the Cocoonery. I sat a long while before dinner talking to Papa, he talking about C. a great deal. He says he wrote to her asking her if she would live with Walter, and she replied in the negative. But for shyness I think he would have asked us to take her. About Nell's coming he appeared to have made his mind up for the whole time we were in the mountains. He wanted me to name something I would like as a birthday gift. I told him Tom gave me every wish the minute I expressed it, and that I really could not think of anything I wanted except Tom's health. Their meals were as good as ever they said, and poor Chalmers was eating and sleeping better than usual, and the boys were as happy as kings with some chickens. The Judge drove over for me to invite Papa to go to a steamboat feast tomorrow. We reached home just in time to see Bess off. After tea I wrote a note to Tom, and went to bed early. Tuesday Directly after breakfast set to work in the garden with May 13. O'Neill according to my dear boy's directions. After finishing as much as I could and dressing Harry I wrote diary in expectation of the Judges C.M's coming. After she came we drove round past Mrs Rowland's and home by a round about way. Then I took her a walk round the garden, and along the Judge's new walk. After that she lay down & slept till dinner which lasted till nearly time for her to return home. After undressing baby, Nelly and I talked and read till bed-time. Oh how I wish my sweetheart were here! Wednesday Went to the garden and overlooked O'Neill. Then dressed May 14 Harry, wrote diary, was called off to superintend the planting of some flowers from Mr Ingersoll's in the terrace bed, and then began to wonder what I could do to please my boy when he comes home. So I pasted in our dried flowers ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B26_F9_p171.jpg) in the "Wood Leaves." Then we drove over to the Cocoonery where we dined and I drove them a short distance up the Wissahickon new turnpike, going down School Lane and returning by Rittenhouse. I tried to explain the Polarisation of Light to Papa, and he said my explanation was clear enough but that he did not quite understand it. I know why! I don't understand it perfectly myself. That is the secret of the difference between good & bad explainers. On our return I found a pencil note from my own dear boy. God bless him! (I forgot to say that Papa had been at Mc Allisters looking at a Polariscope, not the one I saw apparently which may have helped to confuse my explanation) I employed my evening in reading Spenser, that is to say reading about Una, the only character I care much for. Besides which I kept by Helen, and got the Judge to require J.P.G's services as the young people showed rather a disposition to flirt. J.P.G. showed that he had very long eyelashes, and could have quite a soft expression of eye. Little monkeys! Thursday Put wee Harry into short frocks, and helped May 15. Mother in her preparations for the company she expects tonight. Wrote diary. Sunday This is our first Sunday in the Back Woods of Pennsylvania. July 6th We meant to read immediately after breakfast, but Mr Wilcox came in and talked to Tom so we put off for awhile. Then we learned a Psalm each, Helen and I, and when we had finished Tom came in and we had church. Afterwards we walked to the woods behind the house, and sat awhile on logs round a smoke for fear of the gnats. I feel that it was very well we brought Nelly with us. I do not know anything that seemed more unlikely than her being allowed to come when I proposed it, and I hope God will make it do her good. Change, she certainly needs. — We came here quite curiously ourselves. Tom was invited to go in his father's place to look at some lands of which the Judge is part owner. He thought that if he could find a good place we would stay there. He was so well up here that he determined to come here, and persisted, though they did not want to take boarders. When he came home I resolved that our only chance of getting off was to fix a day and start on it ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B26_F9_p172.jpg) the Book was finished or no. Well was it that we did so. For Tom worked so hard that he brought on one of his attacks and we were forced to start on Tuesday the 24th instead of the 23rd. He was anxious to stay in order to help his father, but the heat was telling upon us all, so I was obstinate, and off we set. We saw Trenton Falls and we came having made a long detour in order to see it, and felt rewarded for it by the intense joy it gave us. Afterwards we came through the Lake Country of New York, very lovely, but we suffered from the heat, and the dreadful jolting of the cars. Our route from home was as follows. New York, Albany by boat, Utica, Trenton Falls, Utica, Canandaigua, Elmira, Olean – by railroad. Olean we reached quite spent with fatigue on Saturday night. We spent a pleasant Sunday there. It was warm but a cool breeze blew all day. We heard a very good sermon. On Monday morning we set off in a stage for Smithport, which we reached after a beautiful wild drive of some 26 miles. We dined at a farmhouse on the road where the "Irish lady" Jane, was treated with much distinction. At Smithport we eat venison caught that very afternoon. Quite different from anything I ever knew by that name before, this was delicious. We had the same cool breeze blowing, but the over fatigue of the week was too much for Tom and he had another attack of pain. I got him to sleep however, and next morning he insisted on proceeding. We left our luggage to follow us, and started in a well hung wagon with two good horses on a twenty mile drive here. We came through the most beautiful wild forests up mountains and along valleys without a clearing for miles, and at last reached here. Here is Judge Wilcox's, a one story house with two attic rooms 2200 ft above the sea, on the summit of a hill on the dividing line between Elk & McKean Counties. We are in Elk. The clearing is a large one 200 acres. There is a house belonging to his nephew on it also. There are a great many wolves, dear etc in the surrounding forest. A bear was seen last week a mile from the house, & one killed the week before two miles away. Our accommodations are small but very clean, and they make us very comfortable. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B26_F9_p173.jpg) [small sketch of ground plan with room numbers, upper left hand corner] This is the ground plan. 1 woodshed. 21/2 Kitchen shed with 2 pantry opening on it 3 Kitchen 4 curtained recess for the manservant. 5 dining room. 6 parlor, 7 Mrs W's room near the stair case. 8 my room. 9 Helen's opening on 10 the piazza. We were all so fatigued with our long journey that yesterday was our first exploration. We drove up the road to an abandoned clearing over which we went till we reached a forest. Here we hitched the horse and then went strolling about admiring the noble trees, and then Tom made a smoke for us, and we sat down to rest on the trunk of a fallen maple 76 feet long. In the evening Mr & Mrs W. baby and Helen got into their wagon, Tom and I following with the Rosinante we hired at Smithport, and paid a visit to our nearest right hand neighbor the man who keeps the post office. Helen played on a fine melodeon they had, and then we had a delightful drive home. This afternoon we spent quietly, taking a lovely stroll after our early tea. We walked down the road towards little Williamsville, stopping to look at a little roadside graveyard where Mr Wilcox's daughter lies. There was a marble headstone for her. All the other graves were only marked by a wooden slab. We crossed into a clearing commanding one of the most beautiful views in the world. The hill on which we stood sloped into a valley through which the road winds. The smoke of some settler's clearing curled up into the fresh evening air between us and the village which lay just on the edge of the woods. An amphitheatre of tree clothed mountains encompassed the valley; apparently coming forward at the extreme north and south to meet the ridge on which we stood. The shadows of the more prominent hills were thrown on the more receding ones. Here and there the hill- tops opening showed glimpses between them of successive mountain ranges rolling on into a blue distance. Above us a few rosy clouds floated in the deep blue sky, and a hawk sailed screaming by quickening his indolent flight now and then by flapping his wings quickly. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B26_F9_p174.jpg) Monday This morning early Mr Wilcox called us to drive with July 7 him up a grassy road in the woods which we en- -joyed very much. We saw a beautiful white flower whose name I must find out. Wrote a long letter to Aunt Mary wrote diary, studied Combe, and taught Helen. It was almost dark by this time, so I sat down on the steps by a root of the white flower which I planted in the garden, and proceeded to discover its name in the Flora. It is the Dalibarda, and grows abundantly in the woods in the same situations as the Partridge Berry, and is in flower at the same time. I mean to try to transplant some roots of it to Fern Rock, as well as a root of the poison Elder. Our Elder has a black fruit, and is sweet. This has a brilliant coral berry contrasting very beautifully with its dark green leaves. We found two other beautiful flowers for Fern Rock — I found out their names: Pla- -tanthera and Epilobium, and three varieties of Club Moss. There is a luxuriant growth of Ferns and Mosses, but I have seen similar ones at home. The only new plant besides the ones I have named, of which I know the name, is called the Witch Hopple. It entangles itself round the feet of a horse in passing through the woods, and is very troublesome. It bears a large black berry sickeningly sweet. I found also a rose colored Yarrow, and a purple flowered Thimbleberry, new to Tom though I have seen it elsewhere. Our June roses are still in bloom up here. Tom wrote to E.K.K. We drove up to the Post Office and found papers but no letters. The old horse we hired at Smethport is so obstinate and stupid that Tom can hardly drive him. Tuesday It does my heart good to see how my wee birdie July 8. flourishes here. So firm and round-limbed, so white and pink, and so clear-eyed and merry! May God spare her to us, and help us to be faithful friends to her. She eats and sleeps well in this air. This morning Judge Wilcox, his wife, Tom, Helen and I started on a seven mile ride to Buena Vista where Mr Alonzo Wilcox and his wife Lovisa, and her sister Almira live. We went in what is here called a light buggy. It is really a long cart, two seated, very well hung, and has a skin ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B26_F9_p175.jpg) thrown over the seats. We were drawn by two capital mares, one of whom the kind souls were taking over to be shod that we might drive her in place of our old Rosinante. They told us a very pretty anecdote about "Dolly." [illegible deletion] Being a first rate saddle horse they lent her to Lovisa who is fond of riding, and she petted her a great deal. Last winter Alonzo Lovisa and "Dolly" started in a cutter over a very icy road. The cutter broke some thing or other which made its weight come on Dolly terrifying her very much, and at last making her run away. Lovisa spoke soothingly to her, and she would attempt to stop, but was too terrified. Finally they allowed themselves to roll out in the snow, Dolly disappearing down the road, the cutter breaking to pieces as she flew along. They followed on foot, and had not proceeded half a mile when Dolly came trotting back having missed them, and coming up to Lovisa laid her head down on her shoulder. When we were about halfway to Buena Vista, it began to pour, and rained all day long. So we had to defer our visit to the mill – pond – woods etc and stay quietly in the house while the horse was shod. Even on this leaden day Buena Vista looked pretty. It was a small valley quite shut in by peaked mountains covered with forest. The valley is bristling with stumps still, and its stream, the West Clarion is dammed up into quite a pretty sheet of water with logs floating on it down to the sawmill whose blue smoke and gray steam curled straight upwards. There are about houses all of Mr Wilcox's employees. They are of unpainted boards except his own, and the blacksmiths which are white one story and a half high. In Mr Wilcox's there were two good sized parlors a tiny bedroom two good kitchen rooms, and a large pantry on the groundfloor, two good sized rooms and three pigeon holes in the half story besides good storerooms below. It cost $1500; They said that Mr W. regretted its not being two stories. It rained as I said before, all day long, so after dinner I took a long sleep, and slept off the cold I had caught in the morning. We learned our lessons ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B26_F9_p176.jpg) after tea, and went to bed early. Wednesday Rained in the early forenoon. It was so chilly that July 9 as soon as the rain ceased Tom and I were glad to start off on a brisk walk to warm ourselves. At a lonely wild spot in the woods we came upon a man dressed in a snuff colored dress-coat with gilt buttons, much the worse for wear, and a coarse cotton shirt with a large patch in the bosom. His dark face was covered with a bristly growth, and I felt quite as if he were a brigand, as he came suddenly toward us. What could he want with us? When "rarsberry" time came would we come up to his clearing a berrying? Just back of him was the best place for rarsberries, the black ones, in the whole neighborhood. Besides, did we "know Mr Wailer in Filadelfy?" "No." "Why, don't you live in the city!" "Yes, but we don't know him. What's his occupation?" "Well, he follows draying." So we left our well-meaning, uncouth-looking friend, and went on to that hill with the lovely view, to watch the rain-clouds rolling back from the darkened mountains opposite, in heavy lead-gray masses. One rift of light in the distant sky, just brought into relief a mass of dark forest trees on the [-] mountain ridge, with a shallow valley opening towards us, its hither end still overshadowed! What a beautiful place that hillside is! I would so much like to have a wee house there. Tom was asking me how I would like to rent such a place as this for the summer. Nell did not get on very well with her lessons this afternoon. I am grieved about her. She and I drove with Mrs W. up to the post office for letters. There were magazines from E.K.K. papers from Mr Heazlitt, and a letter for me from Papa, besides 12 letters for Helen from a foolish little school girl. So we had plenty of letters for reading for the evening. Also this is 20 of 40. Thursday My radiant little Harry's birthday. God bless her! July 10 Dear Tom not having suffered from a long walk he took to meet us last night started off after our early breakfast with Judge W. and was gone till after three. He must have walked over 5 miles beside a long drive. I had a little back ache so while not minding Harry I lay down and rested. I also ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B26_F9_p177.jpg) wrote a long letter to Mother about Harry. Tom says he counted the rings on a pine tree in the forest, and found it 580 years old, growing during the wars of the Roses. He brought me back this pretty little moss. In the evening, I wrote to Lucy Wickham a letter about her health, as she requested. Friday Rode to the nearest wood, and strolled about in the shade for July 11th a short time in the morning. Read Cooper's Physicians' Vade Mecum sewed and minded Harry. After our early dinner Tom started off to Smethport. We accompanied him halfway, Harry, Helen, Mrs W, and the Judge, in their "buggy" Tom and in our rickety chaise. We were pretty well fatigued when we reached home at half past six, and dear little Harry evidently missed Tom. She cried for half a mile after he was out of sight, and tried to show me where he had gone. Saturday We miss Tom very much. I wonder if he will come July 12 home this evening. Helen and I took a little stroll this morning, but found it too warm to go far. I altered her dress for her, mended some things of my own, read a good deal of Lamartine's History of the Restoration, and wrote a little note home. Had a letter from Mother saying that the Book was finished at last on Wednesday the 3rd July. All well at home. Nelly heard from Papa — all well there, but the children had not been quite well. Charlotte wrote Papa from Killin in the Highlands. She was very well much the better for her trip, so was Harry and dear Will was a week over the anniversary of his last fit. Nelly and I spent an hour and more this afternoon in looking at a snake fascinating a rabbit. I never would have believed what I have heard of this fascination if I had not seen it. Tom came home tired but well bringing two men with him. So there was a dreadfully dull evening. Sunday Tom and the two men went off to New Flanders. July 13 Helen and I went with the Wilcox's to the little log chapel of the Catholics here. The service being in Latin and the sermon in German I derived but little benefit. Took a nap after dinner being worn out, then wrote to Bessie and wrote diary & read the Bible with Helen. – How discontented and bad I am. Instead of sitting here this lovely evening enjoying all the sweet country smells and sounds from the whir of the humming bird in this tuft of lilies to the sweet singing of the ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B26_F9_p178.jpg) the birds and the tinkling of the far off cowbells, and watching this mellow sky, and the deep soft green of the hemlock forest, thankful for the mountain breeze and the health we all enjoy, I am just fidgetting for something else. I am just in that detestable mood which in a young girl makes herself fancy that she is a "femme incomprise." In me who know myself beloved so thoroughly, and supposed so much better than I am, the devil takes a different aspect. I feel as if I would give so much to escape all that lies before me, and wish to let myself think about it which I know can only do me harm. "Strength is promised, strength is given When by grief the heart is riven. But foredate the day of woe, And alone thou bear'st the blow." Another thing, I must not let myself build airy homes. I have a home where I have duties, and where I know we are best. Let me make the best of it! I hope God will give me a little more strength that I may be able to exert myself more to make the dear people happy when I go home. And I must try to keep my especial domains neater, and make our room a bright cheerful inner home for my own dear dear Tom. How I miss him tonight! I thought he would come home when I began to write this evening and I left off to walk down the road the way I hoped he would come. But he did not, and poor Mrs Wilcox after haunting me about for sometime came out in a burst to ask my advice about her health. Fortunately, I knew what to order. Today I began giving Harry bread in her milk. Stayed on the piazza talking to Judge W. till 1/2 past 8. still trying to catch the far off sounds of horses feet. But I suppose my boy found it important to stay. God bless him! Monday I was aroused by a voice calling my name last night July 14. and found Tom standing among the rose bushes outside my window in the moonlight. He told me to listen to the wolves howling but I could not hear them. Studied as usual and in the afternoon rode to the Post Office No I didn't study I minded Harry, and copied. Letters from Pat, and the Judge. Was sick and feverish. Tuesday In bed almost all day. Mr & Mrs Wilcox Jr spent the July 15 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B26_F9_p179.jpg) afternoon. Wrote my usual copy in the evening. Wednesday Finished a letter to Tot, wrote diary minded Harry July 16 and took a little drive before dinner. Tom has a new horse that we liked very well. A tall well formed handsome brazen-faced Somerset- -shire gipsy stepped in at the open door, ostensibly to ask us to buy baskets. She offered to tell our fortunes in the usual style. If Mother were here she would tell my fortune in summary fashion for a frightened bird just now flew in here as I sat alone, and that, Mother would say, means "Death within a year." This was a very warm day, and I felt so exhausted that I stayed at home while Tom and Nell went to the post office in the evening There was a most gorgeous sunset, and then the moon almost at the full rose from those beautiful forests. Tom brought a letter from his father, no particular news in it, except that Lady Franklin is still worrying at Elisha. Thursday Tom went off on horseback six miles into the woods July 17 returning just as dinner was put on the table. In the meantime I wrote to E. for Tom. After dinner took a nap as usual. Then studied from 3 to 5 also as usual, and after tea we set off on a forest drive through the woods back of our clearing. The road was an Elk Co affair. The trees are cut down, and burnt, and — that's all! So we drove into the deep silent forest, coming out at the distance of a mile or so upon a little clearing. A German woman came out to help Tom to take down the bars and let us pass through, accompanied by two little girls and a baby. We went up a hill above this settlement in order "to see where we were." We stood overlooking the West Clarion valley, two screens of forest covered mountain and a distant mountain background. In the foreground a cleared field, tall purple spikes of Epilobium rising among the black stumps, and a solitary tree left when its companions were cut down and with a trunk 100 80 feet high without a branch. From its leafy top birds were circling out into the sky, secure from any risk of shot in their high nests. And what a strange sky! The sinking sun was behind us on our left, and from the misty orange of the West streamed up ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B26_F9_p180.jpg) a great ribbon of pure blue, until it melted in the azure lift overhead. The zodiacal lights! But Tom said he had never seen them so distinct. On our right lay the valley in which the settlement was, and into which we now began to descend. As we passed the German woman's house one of the little girls ran out with true courtesy, a bou- -quet in each hand for Helen and myself. Before we left the clearing, we paused again to look round, and wish we could photo- -graph the scene. This strange sunset streaming down the valley, and lighting up the two picturesque log huts and their flaxen haired inhabitants from the fat fair baby to the old white capped grandame at the cottage door, only to throw into more solemn shadow the forest gorge into which we were entering with the red cattle coming slowly home. It was so beautiful! We were a long time coming down the valley, so that when we reached Williamsville at its foot it was twilight. Winding slowly up the long hill on whose top we live, and up which poor Tom and Nell dragged on foot, we had every now and then a beautiful view of the dark mountains, the lurid light still resting on their tops while the little Clarion glancing up from its winding bed in the valley made gleams of light in the blue mist that was rising and enfolding the little village with its one street in the very centre of which a man sat coolly milking his cow. No one wondered. Why? Because there were but three houses in the village besides his tavern, and he is the aristocrat, and sets the fashion. Friday A lovely day brisk and bracing, so we set off on a July 18 long drive. Three miles to Brown's, then turning off we plunged into a swampy wood. I fancied yesterday's road a bad one, but this was the most curious specimen of the kind I ever traversed. We crossed root after root, dipped into deep mudholes stumbled over stumps, crossed logs, and finally Tom thought we must have mistaken the road, and went forward to reconnoitre leaving N us in charge of the horse. We sat on mossy logs amusing ourselves with bombastic accounts of what we should ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B26_F9_p181.jpg) do were a wolf or bear to come upon us. It was very pleasant watching the sunlight flickering on the giant tree trunks and gathering our hands full of strange ferns and mosses only to throw them away for others. Tom did not return for a long while, and then came back faint and weary, having found the hut we were in search of and bought three chickens at the immense cost of 12 1/2 cents each. He was so tired that we made him lie on a log with his head in my lap while I repeated Titania's reproach to Oberon which I learned on Wednesday while they were away. We reached home just in time for dinner, then came sleep study hour and tea, and then Helen drove me to the post office. A letter to us from Mrs Kane saying she and the Judge were going to the Virginia Springs, and several text books on Botany for Helen from Miss Haines. Wrote diary in the evening. Saturday We were under engagement to spend this day July 19 at Buena Vista, and so started though the lowering clouds betokened a rainy day. Mr and Mrs Wilcox and Helen preceded us in a wonderful rattletrap drawn by two young mares, their colts trotting behind. Tom and I waited until nine o'clock but as a drizzling rain seemed determined not to stop we started off in spite of it, and at the end of two miles it stopped quite suddenly, and when we reached Buena Vista the blue sky was peeping out in every direction. Mr Alonzo Wilcox came out to meet us in a white vest. Mrs Lovisa wore a fine French calico made wrapper fashion and her sister a white sprigged muslin skirt, black silk jacket edged with worsted blonde, and black boots. The gentlemen went off at once to see the mill, and the ladies soon went to attend to their household duties. So we looked over a couple of novels till dinner time. The dinner was really capital. Coffee and Ice Water to drink, venison killed for us the preceding evening, mashed potatoes – and served up in separate saucers as rare dainties, green peas and beets, Fresh bread and butter just from the churn, new cheese, fruit pie, pudding ice cream, and black raspberries and cream with fresh ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B26_F9_p182.jpg) pound cake and sponge cake completed the dinner, which was served by the ladies of the house, and prepared by them too. After dinner we were taken to see their steam saw mill but what looked prettiest was their little river brattling over its stony bed in the mountain gorge with a great pile of waste pine slabs burning on the shore. I was very tired, and dear Tom drove me home very carefully. We went to bed early. Sunday Nell and I passed a very pleasant quiet Sunday. July 20 We walked out both morning, and evening, and held our little church together. Tom rode over to Marvin on horseback, and returned in the evening too tired to sleep. He brought a young fox along with him which a hunter shot just as he was passing. A porcupine quill through the roof of its mouth showed it had been trying to eat an in- -digestible morsel. Monday Tom and Helen went out on horseback. Nelly's July 21 first ride. I walked a little way to meet them as they returned. Read to Tom, wrote to Bess, wrote diary before dinner. After dinner and study hour, & tea, Nelly drove Mrs Wilcox to the Post Office, and we took a stroll. They brought a letter to me from Papa saying that Walter is to be married on the 24th Sept. He also sent Tom Lord Cockburn's Life. Tuesday Helen and I went over to Brown's after breakfast, as Tom July 22 heard last night that a letter written to him from Smethport had never come. I drove there, and turned, Nell driving back, and we failed in getting the letter. Lessons as usual, and between breakfast and dinner I copied three letters for Tom, and finished one to Bessie Kane. In the evening Tom and I walked together, and afterwards I read Midsummer Night's Dream aloud, till bed time. Wednesday Tom rested so well, and "felt so smart" that he July 23 determined to start after dinner for Phila instead of waiting till tomorrow. I was dressed early, and got several pages of copying done before nine. Mended Tom's clothes, and packed and minded baby. When the stage passed they heard told us that a fearful accident had happened on the N.P.R.R. near Fort Washington, Father Sheridan and about 70 others burned & mashed to death. One conductor killed, the other poisoned himself. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B26_F9_p183.jpg) Well, Tom went off, so we set to studying to keep us from missing him. At tea time we received letters from Eng- -land and the papers and a little note from Tom to say he was well so far, with a leaf from the swamp where he came to meet us the first day we drove alone. Then Nelly and I walked together. We deter- -mined to go a little bit further every day, as we got accustomed to it, taking the water breaks as distance marks. After we got home we sat on the piazza till past eight o'clock talking to the Judge. Then we went in and I read "The Taming of the Shrew" to Helen till nine. Then we had prayers and went to bed. Thursday Slept horribly, that is to say, not at all, as poor Nell July 25. x tossed about and talked so in her sleep that I 24 resolved to sleep alone in future. After minding Harry awhile wrote to Cousin Margaret and Tom. By the bye I don't know whether I mentioned that we were beginning to make a change in Harry's diet, introducing farinaceous food. I also insist upon her lying on the floor nearly all day, and letting her try to reach out for her toys. She ought to creep by this time, and it is cruel kindness to carry her always as we do. How nice it would be if she could creep when Tom comes home. I suppose I must not expect that however. — Nell read aloud till dinner while I sewed, Kingsley's "Heroes". After dinner tried to sleep in vain till study hour. I always write a copy, study some medical book, and botany. Nelly writes, learns botany, and arithmetic, French and spelling. Then comes tea. After tea when it grows a little cool, we walk, then sit on the piazza playing with Harry till she goes to bed. Last night I read to Helen "The Forsaken Merman" and Tennyson's "Sleeping Beauty", besides our quota of Shakspere. Then came prayers and bed. I fear poor Tom will suffer dreadfully with the heat, though a note I had from him says he is very well still. Friday Slept well. Put the rooms in order, swept the July 26x parlor, minded Harry and after putting her to 25 sleep wrote diary. Began Cockburn's "Reminiscences of His own Times." Nell came in and she then read aloud while I sewed till dinner time. It was too warm to pretend to sleep so I read till study hour. After lessons were over our letters came. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B26_F9_p184.jpg) Three were for Helen from her friend Miss Jay, two business letters for Tom, two home ones for him, and one for me from Bessie. She had read my letter to Lucy, and was pleased. I hope it may be of service to L. Nell and I walked a little way down the lane past the churchyard and I talked to her in order to dissipate the annoyance I felt at the news our letters gave, that all the home people would be gone to Virginia when poor tired Tom reaches there, and that he would find the Pattersons there instead. I talked to Mrs Wilcox nearly all the evening, and told Nelly she must let me off from Shakspere. She wanted to sleep with me again this night. I commenced a letter to dear Tom, from whom I received a little note, not dated, but evidently written the day. before. He says he is well. I hope so, dear fellow! Saturday Helen and the Judge went off black-raspberrying and were July 27 x gone till half past twelve. Last night I slept little, being 4. mos 27 troubled about little Harry who had a bad dream ap- -arently and cried for a long time. At last I went up and took her. She was pacified at once and slept quietly all the rest of the night. But I kept fancying I heard her, and thinking about little Willy, and planning how to accommodate ourselves best at Fern Rock. I'll try! This morning, I darned a little, finished my letter to Tom, read all the papers, played with Harry, and tidied the rooms before dinner. After dinner sewed on Nelly's worsted work, studied, and read a dear little note Tom contrived to send me. Poor fellow, he is in Philadelphia now, tired and disappointed enough. God bring him back safe, and prosper his work while he is absent. — Walked in the evening, and played with Harry. Then helped Nell, or rather watched her find out a flower. It was my old friend the Linaria Vulgaris which has a very dear association to me. Finished "Taming of the Shrew," read prayers, and so to bed. Sunday Read the Morning Service, wrote diary, and succeeded July 28.x in getting Miss Harry to stand up by a chair for an incon- 27 -ceivably short space of time. This day seven weeks I hope dear Tot will arrive. Oh how I long to see her! Perhaps it will be wiser not to ask for her till Christmas is over! Can I wait so long? This is the last Sunday in July, and as yet my dear Tom is well. Oh Heavenly Father, keep him under the shadow of Thy wings, safe from the fierce heats. Bless his work ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B26_F9_p185.jpg) and help him with it, and give him quiet rest at night, and may no troubles fret his spirit! Bring him back in safety, for Christ's sake! Oh, dear Tom; how great danger you are in there, but I hope, "The Lord thee keeps, the Lord thy shade, On thy right hand doth stay The moon by night thee shall not smite Nor yet the sun by day." I hope He will take care of me, too, and give me strength for the coming time, bad and ungrateful as I am. But little one, you must not think I don't love you, I am only afraid you won't be very strong or bright! — Today I copied into my diary the pages on which I had written a year ago today. Baby Harry was not quite three weeks old, and I had been having a long conversation with Tom about a visit he proposed to pay to Utah. Recalling now how despondingly I thought about it, I was surprised to find how the wonderful effect of the mountain air upon Tom has changed my opinions about going West. I would like best to live in Phila with a summer home here. But if he were sure he would be as well in the Far West, and have something to live on or be able to work, I should not find it so painful as I fancied. Still it seems plainly our duty to stay in Phila during the winters as long as his parents live. They would be very lonely without us. If they can give us a little more elbow room it would be nice, but if not I will try to make my dearie as comfortable as I can, and at least not grumble if I cannot do so. We cannot afford to put any money down there in the way of enlarging the house. We must first be quite clear of debt, and then anything we can save must go to providing a home for the future, or be laid by for the children's education. This is quite clear to me. Monday I think yesterday was the longest I ever spent. I had July 29 but one Sunday Book besides my Bible. So I read three of Arnold's sermons after I had finished writing here, and then I was pretty tired. It was too warm to walk or lie down and we dawdled about seeking a breath of air in vain. After sunset we started out to take a little walk and had to turn back to receive ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B26_F9_p186.jpg) Miss Mary Ann Brown the little schoolmistress. She was dressed in pink muslin, a brown cape, wide straw hat with a light blue ribbon and rode on a man's saddle. She looked very pretty indeed. After she went away just after dark a whole cavalcade of people on their way to Smethport stopped here. One of them a Mr Rhodes was anxious to be polite and hoped Mr Kane would call on him if he came to Smethport. Just at bed time I discovered that Helen was in the habit of sleeping in her little room with both windows shut, and as she utterly refused to keep them open saying she was afraid of wolves, I let her sleep in my room. However the night was so close that I could not get her room thoroughly aired, and consequently felt giddy and headachey all day. I forgot to say that we have plenty of fresh meat again. Partridge, fawn, and trout. I mended Tom's clothes and put his trunk into com- -plete order. Read part of "Cockburn's Memorials." After dinner lay down awhile, and then wrote diary till study hour. The "mail" stopped just now to say there was no use sending for our letters as the driver had forgotten the bag at Smethport. I shall not be much disappointed as I could not hear from Tom, and the writers of the family are all away. It is an amusing thing to think of "the mails" between the county towns of Elk & McKean being forgotten. Study hours today were as usual, writing a copy, learning botany (Nell hears me mine, and I hear hers, so we both benefit, as we study dif- -ferent books) then I read attentively some Med- -ical book. I am reading "Tucker's Midwifery" and I am not sure whether I shall finish it. It is rather too specific for me as yet, and I want something more general. I shall go back to "Smith's Compend," or that "Vade Mecum" I think. — After tea, Helen went to ride on horseback with the Judge, and had quite a dis- -agreeable adventure. I walked as far as the brow of the hill, with Jane and Harry. In the evening we sat on the piazza talking ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B26_F9_p187.jpg) with the Wilcox's and Nell sang for them. When we went into the parlor I read some of Tennyson to Helen and Mrs W. Then prayers and bed. Last night I had a strange dream. I seemed Tuesday to be dreaming pleasantly when a voice that July 30 I fancied Tot's or Tom's, rang sharply through 29x the room utteringb a scream that woke me up with my heart beating violently. I never heard before of dreaming a scream in a dream. – Raining hard this morning. Sewed Nell's worsted-work, wrote to Tom, wrote diary. I was thinking last night how quickly I forget to be grateful to God, and don't thank Him for granting blessings. I was earnest enough in desiring and asking for when they seemed hard to obtain. This place, suited to our desires in every way, I hardly thank Him for, and yet I remember how thankful I fancied I should be if Tom could get any place fit for us at all. Then I prayed God to guide him, if a residence in the mountains would benefit him, to the best place for us. And how wisely we were guided! Create in me a clean heart, oh God, and renew a right spirit within me! — Read more of "Cockburn". It is curious to see how strongly Judge Grier's character seems to be fore- -shadowed in some of the old lawyers of whom Cockburn treats. Learned a hard lesson in the "Compend" today. Some people from Nunda stayed here all night; let them have Helen's room, she sleeping with me. Read Tennyson to her in the evening. Wednesday A lovely morning, with a fine breeze, though the sun is July 31 x hot. Helen and Mr Wilcox rode as far as Brown's. I 30 was glad she got such a nice ride for she was pretty cross last night over the disappointment of the rain. Minded Harry, sewed on Nell's worsted work, and finished "Cockburn". Wrote to Tom by way of Clearfield, and wrote diary. I don't quite like Helen's being so much in the kitchen, but I cannot well prevent it. Two or three times I have gone in there to see if I too could learn. But Nell without meaning it contrives to make me feel myself "de trop." I don't like her to be there by herself for she gossips with Ellen, and squabbles with Jane. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B26_F9_p188.jpg) Jane is never over-respectful to any one, and Helen has an overbearing manner to her, so Jane is rude to her. Then Nell complains to me, and I scarcely know what to say. Jane is the only person to do our washing, and she is quite ready to throw Helen's up on the least opportunity. Nell says I ought to scold Jane, but I hate to do so. I shall speak to her quietly if she behaves ill in my presence. Perhaps I am too much inclined to "jouk and let the jaw gae by." I'm afraid that I was much to blame in my poor Girard street housekeeping in not reproving faults more than I did. Dear me, how I would like to keep a little house nicely, for my darling! However, I am sure I am at my post at Fern Rock, though I am not a faithful sentinel, for I sleep on my post, and let opportunities pass over for being useful to the dear people, and making them happy. I must try to be more active next winter, after Christmas, if I live. I am too sluggish in everything. If I can exercise more than I did, last winter, I shall be stronger and more cheerful. If dear Tom has health too he will be able to do his proper work without killing himself mind and body staggering under the "Old Man of the Sea". There's another thing! Last year I shrunk from the responsibility of refusing to let the poor fellow work for Elisha, for fear it was selfish, as I did before when the question was Fern Rock. All my after-grumblings only distressed poor Tom ineffectually, doing no good. Poor darling! I must be wiser next year. And indeed, Tom ought to have had more time to devote to his own business last year. Our golden time is passing without our laying by money for our children's education or support. I have questioned myself pretty closely these last few days to see whether I am selfish in thinking that Tom's time must be devoted more to his little family's prosperity. I always feel as if I were selfish when I do say anything of the kind, and the conse- -quence is that I blurt it out at last, head foremost, and contrive to make Tom feel as if he would be selfish too if he did not work to secure this or that for Elisha and the Judge. And I think I have been wrong. Elisha can take care of himself, and the Judge is com- -paratively rich. But we have not enough to feel as if our little nestlings were provided for, if we die. And our duty is more towards them. I thought it quite clear that Tom ought to be recompensed for his ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B26_F9_p189.jpg) work up here. Then he seemed to feel as if it were mean, and both he and I know it is right, and yet feel as if we would be "mean as dirt" to take recompense. Tom thinks, I feel, that the salt of his woodland rides would have lost its savour if they were not all for love. For last winter's labours nothing could repay him, it would seem to me like the price of blood; a dreadful time of wear and tear to body and spirit. This summer work, healthy and free, I know has done him no harm, and its price is fairly earned and we ought to take it. So I feel now. I daresay Tom will come back, however, distressed and disheartened, and then I shall look here merely as a blessed mending place for his dear spirits, and body, and care little whether he is working or no, for pay or for love, if I can only see him bright and well as he left me. Dear Tom, how I love him. I have caught myself crying about him these three nights instead of sleeping. Oh if he were safe in my arms again! I think over and over again, how much I have done to worry him, and resolve never to cloud his beloved face again by being pettish, or yielding to low spirits. I daresay I shall though, it would be just like me. Thursday Thank God, July is over, and the last of the summer August 1 x begun. Oh if He will spare Tom from sickness this July 31 year! Last night I read part of King Lear aloud to the Wilcox's and Helen. In the earlier part of the evening we walked as far as the stone school house half way down the mountain. This being three quarters of a mile from the house shows me that I am a good deal stronger than I was when I came here. There was a note for me from Papa enclosing his last from Tot and Harry in which they speak delightedly of Ardtornish. No word from my dearest, however, and I was cruelly disappointed. The last I had from him came on Friday, a week ago. Tomorrow I may hear from him, but how slowly the days go by! This morning I wrote to him, read nine newspapers, received a visit from Mr Struthers, wrote here, played with Harry and took a little drive, before Helen started off with the Judge for Buena Vista. And it is only five minutes of eleven! What shall I do with myself? I have Tom's clothes and trunk in order. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B26_F9_p190.jpg) I think I will do the same with my own. If a grass- -hopper would only fall down dead, I could magnify it, but they are all lively. How many there are here! There is one thing that pleases me mightily, namely the inclination I have for walking. If the sun were a little less hot I should be out much oftener than I am now. I shall enjoy my drives when Tom comes back! — I set to work on my clothes, and did some altering before dinner. Being a little tired after dinner I coaxed Miss Harry to sit on the bed beside me, and the little mouse leaned over kissed me and stroked my face, and then stooped forward, and resting her curly head on my bosom was asleep in a moment. When I woke, I found that a Mrs Burlingame had brought her baby to spend the afternoon. This young woman has lived six years in the wood, and seems to like it. She told me that she saw a large bear on Friday not a hundred yards from her house. Her husband's gun was unloaded and the bear got off before he was ready to shoot him. I forgot to say that Mr Struthers told me he treed two young bears yesterday. People say they are more numerous than they have been for several summers. Mrs B's baby though nearly three months younger than Harry creeps fast, and stands alone. Like all the babies up here, it is much bigger than Harry, and eats everything – cheese, blackberries, butter, cake, and pie, and drinks tea, as well as its mother's milk. Harry looked so funny, with her tiny body, hands and feet, curly head, and mouthful of teeth, sitting erect as she always does when wonder struck, and gazing at the big silent, bald baby rolling on the floor. Harry chattered a great deal to it, and when it went away tried to creep too. She does not yet know how, but can shuffle a little away. At tea the other baby dropped a saucer of tea on its mother's dress at on which she gave it a loud slap on the cheek. We all coloured, and the Judge made a sort of protest, then there was an awkward silence till tea was over broken only by the poor baby's sobs. The mother did it in anger, and the poor wee child's feelings were hurt. When I left the table I went to Harry. She was sitting in the shed on a sheepskin and clasped my neck and kissed me ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B26_F9_p191.jpg) and looked so pleased to see me. Poor wee darling, she has never been rebuked otherwise than by my saying "No! No!" or "Not for baby", and then she sobs and holds up her mouth for a kiss of forgiveness. I hope I don't spoil her. She always obeys me, and when I explain my wish to her, always yields. Friday It seems I was mistaken in supposing yesterday August 1 the 1st. However it is the first now at any rate. Last evening Helen and I walked to the cottage where Ellen lives, half a mile and back. After eight o'clock I read Shakspere aloud to the same audience. This morning they remarked how "good they slept after it, they were real sleepy before it finished!" Innocent souls, I know they were both "not almost, but altogether" asleep part of the time. Still I think they like it, Tom will know. This morning I played with Harry, walked as far as the nearest wood, mended all the clothes from the wash, looked at a flower through the microscope, and wrote diary; still it was only twenty minutes past ten. So I unpacked my trunk, and re-arranged it, putting aside everything that needed mending, and then sewed till dinner-time. After that lay down till study hour. Couldn't study very well Nell being so cross, perhaps because of her face, that I could not fix my attention. Concluded that it encouraged her sulks if she saw I concerned myself about it. So kept myself in a good humor and spoke to her just as usual. The crossness soon went away under this new aspect of affairs. — LIttle Ströbel at last brought me notes from Tom, one written last Friday, and one that felt nice and thick, from Phila. So I settled myself for a comfortable read, and opened it, to find three or four lines, dated Monday! He says he will perhaps be home tomorrow and that he is well. I was so disappointed. Poor boy, he must be very busy! — Helen took a little ride on horseback but the flies troubled the horses so that they were gone but half an hour. As there was plenty of time before dark, the Judge then put the horses in the wagon and took Nell and me a nice little drive. In the evening I finished King Lear to them. They brought their Dutch servant girl in too! ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B26_F9_p192.jpg) Saturday Last night I think I heard the wolves howling, as August 2 I lay awake. I was so restless that I only slept from one till four. Today I may look for my darling. The hours go by so slowly! I sewed, and read the papers, and finished darning the last stocking, and put my room in order, and wrote diary. Then I took a walk down Graveyard Lane and saw a snake over a yard long. As I reached a nice spot in the wood I thought I would sit down and rest. Turning to look the way I had come I saw a black beast as big as a Newfoundland dog. It had evidently been following me. As I paused it crouched down about two hundred yards from me. I was pretty frightened but took up a stick and advanced towards it. Sud- -denly it plunged into the thicket, but not before it gave an unmistakeable wag of its tail! Being I suppose a settler's dog. The old story of "Bears has no tails" had relieved my mind of its first alarm. — I finished "Indian Captivities", After dinner we dressed hoping for Tom every minute. We commenced studying at the usual hour, but fairly gave in halfway, being both of us too much excited to fix our minds. We then read aloud alternately, finishing "The Heroes" by tea-time. After our usual walk we were fairly at our wit's end for some occupation to while away the time. We expected them every minute, and stayed on the piazza to hear the first sound of the wheels. I told Nell several stories, and at last ten o'clock struck, and we went slowly to bed. Judge W. had not yet returned from Ridgway and we thought they would come back with him. At 1 A.M. I heard a vehicle stop at the gate, steps on the piazza; surely, they must have come. I sat up to listen was sure I heard them go softly into the room we had prepared for them, and went to sleep Sunday overjoyed. Early next morning we rose, taking particular August 3 pains with our dress, and hurried out to meet Judge Wilcox alone! Oh, how disappointed I was! It fairly gave me a headache. Again wee Harry came smiling down pink ribboned and white frocked to meet Papa and I hoped against hope that he would come. As the day was cool I thought a drive might cure my headache so Mrs Wilcox drove Helen and me as far as Brown's. We had to stop there to get the wagon turned, so we went in, as I found they ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B26_F9_p193.jpg) were "miffed" at our not calling. I thought too it would help consume the day. To my horror pretty foolish Miss Brown came back with us to spend the day! Alonzo Wilcox and a white haired old gentleman dined here. This man his name is James Gilliss, Judge Gilliss, became a settler here long ago for a curious reason. About twenty miles from where the Wilcoxes formerly lived, there was a man named Morgan who published a book called "Masonry Exposed". In this he told the Mason's Secrets. They were indignant. He disappeared and has never been seen since. Several Masons were accused of murdering him. Among others this man. He went off as far out of the reach of human dwelling as he could into these wilds, but was found, and had to stand his trial. — Nell contrived to get Miss Brown out of the parlor, and I have been able to read some of my Bible, and a few pages of Arnold's "Christian Life." I hope I may be able to bring my children up rightly. If I ever have a son, could we not bring him up to be a true Christian. I am sure Tom's son might be full of all brave and noble human qualities, and fight a good fight of faith for his Master Christ. I think that Christians ought not to let it be said — as it has been, till it falls on our ears like a truism, cunning trick of the devil as it is — that women are the best Christians, that Christ exhibited the virtues of women most, fortitude, patience meekness, and insinuations are thrown out that it is not manly to be Christian, and that men who are Christians are sneaks, unfit to be good citizens and brave men. I am sure it is not so, nor ought we, who profess to be Christ's servants to allow it to be said, He who wrote the noble words— "My brethren, be strong in the Lord, and in the power of his might &c" was no coward. Nor were our old forefathers of the Covenant cowards though their Christianity had in it the roughness of the time. If Knox and Luther are dead, yet Christ's army have as noble battles to fight for their country under His banner, as those brave old generals fought. If I have a son, I think it will make me feel that I have a much greater love for this country than before. In this great free land, which takes from all ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B26_F9_p194.jpg) classes, those whom she needs for helpers; every parent has a mighty duty to perform in training up their sons to be ready to serve their country heartfully. I pray God to give us a son if we may be able to train him — "able to endure hardness, as a good soldier of Jesus Christ." But I would rather live childless all my days, than lose my children both for time and Eternity. I pretend to myself that I don't like boys, but the truth is I know no Christian boy or young man. It seems as if the nobler character a lad developes nowadays, he goes farther and farther, shunning Christ. I fear Christians are much to blame in this. They, not the Bible, make Christianity narrow, feeble, ignorant. Not like true soldiers of our Lord, advancing first into the wide new lands of science, and all knowledge and wisdom, and making them our own in His name, we intrench ourselves in garrison, refusing Minié rifles and trying to fight the well equipped enemy with slings, because David killed the giant with one, in His to in his time. With God's help, what can we not do? If He trusts us with a son! Monday We drove again as far as Brown's in the evening, and I August 4 read a capital sermon aloud. The morning was stormy though it cleared off cool. As Nell was disappointed of her drive and I of my husband. I proposed that she should sew while I read aloud. We began "The Merchant of Venice," and were quite interested when – They came! What a joyful day we spent! Dear Tom notwithstanding his busy days, had packed up a hamper full of things for us, books, candy, writing paper, a table cover, and last but not least that beautiful Oberhäuser Microscope with the Camera. Besides, there was the Camera for fitting in any microscope. This I shall keep, for I love the Microscope dear Tom gave me before, and shall return the Oberhaüser. – Best of all, he brings himself back, having prospered in his work. I thank God! Tuesday Johnny slept at Howards' but the good people will August 5 give him their room tonight, and he will sleep here. We had a delightful letter from Papa, and from Harry, yesterday. I read to Nell in the evening, while my darling worked with his maps. This morning I was determined I would puzzle out the way of seeing through the Camera. So I did at last, though my outline drawing is curious. – Johnny & Tom rode ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B26_F9_p195.jpg) off on horseback to Little Elk Creek, and Nell and I walked down Mr Burlingame's lane some distance. On our return we meant to study, but Jane brought us Miss Harry to mind. I packed up the "Oberhaüser" and wrote diary, and then arranged some flowers Nell gathered for John's room. I wrote a letter to Elisha. Took a nap after dinner, and read. Wednesday Drew with the Camera all morning with my darling August 6 Tom at work near me. How pleasant such hours are to us! After our nap we heard from home. Poor E.K.K. writes that he is sick with rheumatism; I am glad I wrote to him yesterday. Papa sent a tiny note to Helen inclosing two nice ones from Tot and Willie. I wrote a letter to the Kanes at the Springs. My dearest and I took a lovely walk in the woods this evening. Thursday This morning John and I drove to Teutonia, and August 7 back. The day was glorious, a pleasant breeze blowing, and the woods in their glory. Coming home found Tom had been hard at work. He worked all the afternoon too, and a little of the evening. We took a little stroll together and talked over our plans– whether we could spend our sum- -mers here or no. I wrote to Papa. Tom talked a long while with the Judge – the latter being anxious to sell his farm. Tom finds that reading – or rather avoiding writing in the evening makes him sleep much better. Friday A glorious day. Read "Lives of the Hanoverian Queens" August 8 don't like it at all. Wrote diary. Finished "Merchant of Venice" to Helen, and drew the pollen of several dif- -ferent plants, and the down, with the camera. This took me a long time. Then Helen and I studied for an hour and took a walk. We met John and Tom returning from Buena Vista, the other from Rocky Run. Read "Ins and Outs of Paris" in the evening. It is written by a woman, and is full of interest, though she writes rather more about the "Chaumière," and with rather more zest than I care to read. She says that women physicians have entirely banished men from the care of women at the time of delivery— if quite true a most important plea in favor of women physicians as these are cases that require strength both of ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B26_F9_p196.jpg) mind and body. N.B. I must keep myself posted up as to the advantages women enjoy in this country, France and England. Saturday A busy day. Tom asked me to copy on a tract Map for August 9 him the owner of parts of the Company's land, and the number of acres each owned. This busied me till dinner time. After a good nap I began writing a long descriptive letter to M. Jones Tom said he wanted me to keep it, as part of one he wants written to the papers as a puff of this country. We walked all over a deserted clearing, peeping in at the empty rooms of the house. It was some case of tax title. We had a very happy stroll, through the fields looking at the distant mountain ranges, and the tree tops still gilded with the sunset, while we walked in shadow, and above a few cool silvery clouds floated in the pure blue sky. Finished the "Ins and Outs" at night. Sunday My pretty pet is thirteen months old today, God August 10 bless her! She is gaining strength and intelligence, and is only too dear to us. — Helen and I were driven by Mr Wilcox's little grandson two or three miles along the road, and back. Then Tom and I started at half past nine into the woods, taking my Bible with us. Sometimes we sat down on a log, and read, or I said hymns. Then we strolled on talking. We were discussing the wisdom of buying a little homestead up here. I will ask God's guidance about it. — We were tempted on and on so that we did not get home till dinner time and must have walked nearly three miles. After dinner I read two or three of Arnold's sermons, and then took a long restful sleep. Wrote diary, Tom explained the route of the S. and E. RR to me in the evening. Monday Tom rode to Marvin Creek this morning and I took advan- August 11 -tage of his absence to begin a little scheme of mine. Drove as far as Brown's, and read part of "The Arabs in Spain." Mended Tom's clothes. Drew with the Camera – the pollen of several plants. Drove again in the evening with Mrs Wilcox. She told me that Lovisa's first baby was killed by giving it laudanum in place of paregoric by mistake. How many children are either seriously injured or killed by laudanum, and yet mothers will give anodynes with it in! Tom came home late at night, and did not rest well. So he did not start for the Indian country as he intended. Letters from M. Jones. and Papa. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B26_F9_p197.jpg) Tuesday I rose early and had half an hour to pursue my scheme August 12 in before breakfast. I cannot keep the secret from Tom if he stays here much longer. I have no secrets from him and consequently this is always on the tip of my tongue, Before dinner I finished two long letters to Papa and M. Jones and, wrote a P.S. to one Tom was writing to E. K.K. Besides this I drew a cricket's foot with the Camera, and the tip of his wing. After dinner slept, read "Arabs in Spain" and took a stroll with Tom. After tea we went to the pasture, and sat overlooking the beautiful Clarion valley until the sun set. Then Tom went down to the Hollow to get the old chaise, and I waited for him till I was tired, I walked about a quarter of a mile to meet him, but could not see him. He did not come home till after eight o'clock. I read Evangeline aloud till dinner time to him. Wednesday Mended Johnny's pantaloons, minded Harry, wrote August 13 diary. Packed Tom's clothes, and he and Johnny started for Cattaraugas Co. in the evening. Helen and John rode up to the Post Office for letters, first. I had one from Charlotte, but there was none for Tom from home which was a great disappointment to him. After they went I read the papers, then undressed Harry & played with her, and then Helen and I read the three first chapters of "John Halifax" Thursday Soon after breakfast a heavy fog rolled off and it became August 14 a beautiful day. Little Medbury drove Helen and me about five miles on the Ridgway road, and back. Wrote diary, and went on with my scheme. Now that Tom is away I can write it down. It is simply this. Tom asked me to copy part of my letter to M. Jones, as he wanted me at some future time to write a letter for him to the papers. I have secretly written nearly one long one, and I want to finish another before he returns. He can then just choose what he pleases out of both. — I wrote for an hour before, and two hours after dinner finishing my second letter. Then Helen and I studied for two hours, and then came tea time. After tea we walked, and then I drew for Tom from the tract map a little plan of the Wilcox es- -tate that we spoke of. Afterwards I rolled the map up. I shall take it to Brown's the first time I go. Talked for about an hour with Mrs Wilcox. Then Helen and I read aloud alternately till bed-time. Slept very well. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B26_F9_p198.jpg) Friday Today I woke with a slight cold, and so let Nell go driving with August 15 Harry and Mrs Wilcox without me. After they returned I went a little way with the Judge. He was telling me the names of the different owners along the road, so I naturally gained just the information I wanted about that tract. It was 200 acres, seventy of which were felled, and fifty of the seventy fenced in. Speaking of the place where that deserted house is, he gave me this history. When Cooper and Jones wished to ascertain how much each owned they engaged a very honest surveyor to run their lines. He divided them off into warrants, but did not keep the exact lines of the old surveys. When Mr Struthers came into office he employed a surveyor to re-run the lines. This seventy acres by the second survey should belong to the McKean (?) but Mr Struthers did not claim it as if he did his line in accordance with it would run clear of New Flanders. The house was put up, and the pla clearing made by the brother-in-law of a man named Van Duzen I think he said Mr Warner was the name. I drew with the Camera for a long while today and Nelly & I read aloud alternately. In the afternoon letters came from Pat, the Judge, and Mrs K. showing that Elisha was away on Long Island while poor dear Pat was working alone. The others were to return on Saturday. Wrote diary I took a stroll in the evening. Played with my darling Harry who is dearest of all living beings to me, except my own best beloved Tom. I have a little note from him, the dear one. I hope he will have a pleasant journey! Helen and I read aloud in the evening. We were both in bed by nine o'clock. Saturday After putting the room in order Nell and I took a August 16 walk as far as the first swamp. Coming home I wrote to Tom and Pat, but unfortunately let the stage pass without sending them. Then Helen and I read aloud alternately she doing worsted work and I drawing in the intervals. When three o'clock came we studied two hours as usual. After tea we walked nearly as far as we had done in the morning. Read aloud, prayers and bed. My dear Tom! I found an envelope in which he had written "Back on Monday Night, dear Bessie, not before." He knew I would find it, and experience a joyful surprise. Mr Dolsen (?) sent over for tents meaning to camp out I sent him about a dozen newspapers thinking Tom would ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B26_F9_p199.jpg) like me to do it. If I only could do things for kindness' sake instead of for Tom's.! I forgot to say that the Judge told me that log house near the chapel would cost $200. It contains two rooms below, two low ones above. He would have advised them to add a few logs for the sake of having a good second story. It was every's one's experience of story and a half houses. He liked frame houses best, they were as cheap, and log houses always settled where the logs joined. There was one way wh. he liked, and he thought would not settle so much, setting up posts at the corners with grooves for the insertion of the beams. All Milesburg was log houses chinked up with plaster and white-washed. I must try to economise this winter so as to save a little money towards getting a home. If we have one, I shall plan all sorts of cheap furnishing. Our carpenter can make shelves in the bedrooms in which we can keep our clothes with curtains before them. Then I can make nice ottomans inside which table and bed linen should be kept. We should not need large rooms so the simple paper and carpeting would cost little. For the parlor we would have half a dozen cottage chairs and a rocking chair of pine wood, the rest of the half dozen for bed rooms. A pine table with a nice two dollars and a half cover, a set of shelves for books. These we would let the carpenter make. Tom's writing shelf, and one or two of our commonest engravings would furnish the parlor, with two boxes, I would make ottomans of. Then a corner shelf in each room for a wash- -stand, and a bedstead, and mattrass. Stone ware china, pressed glass, and a few kitchen utensils. How much should we need? Wash tubs too! Irons too! They pile in as one thinks. I forgot stones! I forgot kitchen furniture! Ahon a ri! Sunday Had a long talk with Helen about the observance August 17. of Sunday. Played with Harry wrote diary, and Helen and I took a walk into the woods and there read the service It brought us home at dinner time. After dinner I took a little nap, then wrote to Bess and Pat: after tea we walked over three quarters of a mile in the woods, came home and received a visit from Mrs E. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B26_F9_p200.jpg) Burlingame. She proved to be a great absurdity. At night just as I tumbled into bed a laugh sounded outside my window. It was Tom! Monday Any one who heard our exclamations of delight when Tom J August 18. arrived would have been sure of our enjoying this sunny morning as I was. Tom asked me to walk to the Hol- -low with him and drive back as he had left his horse there. Unfortunately Nell wanted to go. I said she should, if Tom would promise not to walk up the hill. He said he always meant to walk up, and should do so. Then I, hoping to keep him, said I would not go. Presently Helen and I stole off meaning to fetch the horse ourselves. Tom soon overtook us went down the hill and walked up coming home very tired. So there was a little misunderstanding, soon made up. In the evening after lessons were over, Tom and I meant to walk. We found Helen going out riding, but the poor old Judge looked so weary that Tom said he would ride with Helen. I walked as far as Dutch Henry's, and then spent the evening talking to Mrs Wilcox. Helen and Tom did not return till about eight o'clock. poor Tom worn out. Tuesday Letters from Papa, Cousin M. Tot, Willie, and Harry. August 19 Read with Helen, and copied her little receipts out for her. It rained too hard for us to exercise. Played with Harry, studied after dinner. Tom gave me a writing lesson. After tea he explained the dip of coal to me, and then I read poetry to him till bed- -time. Wednesday Wrote diary. Then Tom Mrs Wilcox and I started August 20. on a drive to return Mrs Burlingame's visit. The clouds were parting and gave us glimpses of a sweet soft blue sky, a fresh "Elie" breeze blew seeming as if it would kiss colour into our cheeks. So we drove through the lovely woods all damp and sweet smelling, and up past Mr Struble's clearing to the hill top. There was quite a wide clearing, a young orchard springing up, and the still unharvested oatfields rippling in the breeze. In the hollow of the swelling hills stood a little one roomed log house with two or three luxuriant hop vines wreathed round poles beside it. We went in. It was the first log house I ever entered. I felt curious to know whether I could ever, if we grew poor, be content to dwell so with my husband and his children, or ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B26_F9_p201.jpg) whether I would feel content impossible. Thank God, I have him without whose love how dreary the world would be. Yes, I could be happy here with him. Stop a minute, Mrs Bess, who has been oh so, not really contentedly looking forwards to the luxuries of Fern Rock, just because she cannot have addi- -tional anticipated luxuries. For shame! Let me to shame myself when I next want to grumble write down how these people were living, people both above the level of their neighbours. In the one small room with its unplaned floor, unplastered walls, and ceiling whose roof rafters were still bark-covered, lived five human beings. To be sure the loft, up to which a ladder in the corner led, gave a bed place to the two big lads, but the father mother and baby were all in this one room. She was evidently mortified at our catching the place in disorder but explained that, ever since her sickness she had been obliged to hire a German woman to do her cleaning who could only come once a week. Now the carpet was out airing, the baby's frock dirty &c. For all that I noticed that the mirror, window panes and dinner tins were shining bright, the bed valance perfectly clean, as well as the pillows, and the furniture free from dust. The furniture was too good for the room, only stored there, she said, till the new house should built. A nice four poster bed, a secretary, mahogany table (with a tin wash basin on it) a walnut cradle etc were evidently relics of her Philadelphia splendours, and contrasted oddly with the rough shelves, on which the earthenware, and the cooking utensils were stored, and the battered old settee and worn out stove, as evidently the aboriginal possessors of the domain. I wrote on Sunday that she seemed an absurdity. It was a sad curious story that seems to be drawing near its close there in that nook in the woods. From Mrs Wilcox I had heard of her as a complete puzzle. Mrs Jackson a widow lady of Philadelphia with her three sons, came here to settle on a farm they had purchased from General Diller, unseen, trusting to his ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B26_F9_p202.jpg) word: the word of a land speculator. Cleared, yes it was cleared, the settler who improved it having thrown it up, finding it too stony for anything. Up came the widow, with her sons bringing at great expense all the best farm implements, expecting to raise crops at once. Of course she could not do anything. Her neighbor Erastus Burlingame consoled her, they married and six months after, a gigantic baby was born. This made a great stir, especially as an angry maid servant said that her name was not Jackson. Her first husband, a farmer on Florence heights, being dead she had married an Irish priest, who went over to Ireland to bring back his children by a first wife, and on his return died in New York. This was Mrs B's own account of herself to Mrs Wilcox, and prejudiced me against her. On Sunday night when the immense creature called, I was only amused at her half-cut airs of gentility, her high flown speeches to me, and the total change of voice and language when she occasionally relapsed into ordinary subjects. It struck me that she might have been a second rate actress, or some rich man's cast off mistress. Why Mr Burlingame should have taken her seemed to me, a much greater puzzle than Mrs Wilcox's puzzle, why she should have taken him. Roughly dressed as he was, I could see, notwithstanding his hairy legs and breast half. showing, that he had a quiet intelligence, and a much more pleasing face than hers, on which, I fancied, lingered still the touch of the hare's foot. I don't like his upper lip, though, I must ask Tom what it means. Tom was greatly pleased with him today, and I was horrified to find that, whatever she may have been, the poor woman is dying, and does not know it, of consumption. Poor woman, indeed! She has lately become a Roman Catholic, and I hope will die in peace. — Tom had Mr B. at our house all the afternoon and evening till bed-time, talking about coal. In the evening I wrote to Cousin Margaret. Thursday Wrote diary. Tom would go off on a coal hunt with August 21 Mr Burlingame in spite of the rain so I helped him off. Then drew with the Camera and we finished John Halifax. I have lately been thinking a great deal how we ought to economise this winter. I shall need neither new bonnet, nor cloak, I hope, though I suppose I ought ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B26_F9_p203.jpg) to have a new straw as soon as I go home, and a morning and afternoon dress. I will try to save poor Tom's money. Let me see! On going home we shall have to pay Jane either three or four months wages. Then comes board $15. a week, and the back money to pay off. Dear, dear how it goes! What can I do? I need not – yes, there's one saving I can make! And I will try to avoid wasting money, going to town unnecessarily, buying trashy books etc. I must take a good look at my account book, and check off all but needful items. – I have a letter from Papa, no news in it, and he encloses ones from Willie and Harry, both written in good spirits. Tom has one from Mr Irvine invi- -ting us there, and another from Mr Struthers. Nell and I walked after dinner, as it stopped raining awhile. — I have finished my copy book, Tom says my writing has improved since I came here. I have read all that I thought it wise to do, on the Obstetric subject. Beginning at the "Compend of Physiology" I am to learn a page a day, Tom won't allow of a longer lesson, so I must do what little I learn thoroughly. I am studying "The Fruit," in Gray's Botany. I think I will learn a page a day also of the Med- -ical Botany. Read the daily papers. Friday This morning Helen and Mrs Wilcox took a drive. I stayed August 22 and knitted. Tom went off to explore the coal lands at Summit. As Mr Burlingame was waiting some time for Tom before they started, I showed him my microscope. Tom thinks it would be so pleasant if I could study Geology a little, so as to understand what is so interesting to him. So I read a chapter of Lyell's "Elements of Geology." After study hours and tea, Helen and I walked to the Hollow, and then climbed the mountain again. We must have walked two miles. We hoped to meet Tom, but he did not come. So after talking with the old people awhile, Helen and I went to the parlour and I began telling her the story of Consuels. In the midst we were interrupted by Mrs Wilcox's shrieks of "Fire! Fire!" We, or rather I, for Helen never moved being quite petrified with fear, darted into the next room, saw the flames in the doorway near the stair case. I flew upstairs and took up the dear baby, who ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B26_F9_p204.jpg) opened her eyes wide, and then remained perfectly quiet. Then I sent Jane and Ellen down to get water. Mrs Wilcox was trembling so that I did not let her do anything, but made her lie down, and gave her some brandy and water. The Judge soon put the fire out. The only damage was to poor Mrs W's sheets etc, which were all burnt. Tom did not reach home till half past ten. Saturday Well! we are all safe this morning, the Judge's hand a Aug. 23. good deal burnt. Tom and I went to the Lime Kiln lot, and then drove some distance up the Ridgway road. We stopped for letters, of which there were none, on the way home. Tom found stones identifying the strata here with those at Summit. After dinner he rode to bathe. I read Lyell, and learned my lessons. After tea played with my dearest Harry. Then that Mr Burlingame came and stayed till half past ten, so I told Helen the rest of the Consuels, and listened to her plans for Christ- -mas presents. Sunday Drove round the hill, and back. Sunday is the August 24 great visiting day here, and Mr and Mrs Burlingame, and Mr Dohlsen dined here. I suppose my poor tired Tom will have no rest! — No indeed. Poor Tom did not get to bed till late, and then slept ill. Monday Mr Dalson went away this morning. I minded dear August 25. Harry a great deal, and took a good rest to make up for last night. I studied Lyell, learnt my page of Physiology, read some of the Chemistry, and some Materia Medica so as to get to places where I could begin learning a page of each as part of the day's lesson. Drew part of a fish scale with the Camera. Little Struble brought me a letter from Mrs Kane dated "Staunton Sunday 17th" J. P. Green wrote to John that they reached home on Tuesday the 19th. So poor Tom's letters have been useless, and his labour seems to have been thrown away. I trust that if God sees it would be good for him, he may have some permanent employment for his summers given him up here. There is news of the passage of a new Judiciary Bill. We do not know its contents but sup- -pose it will cut down our income as usual. It seems hard that we should suffer for the roguery of others. However I would rather skimp a little and feel honest, than be "rolling in goold" dishonestly eked out of the U.S. And God knows best. He will provide for us, if we walk honestly straightforward. Perhaps He will show ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B26_F9_p205.jpg) me how to deny myself some needless luxury so that dear Tom will not discover it, and let him not feel any pressure. Oh, if I could but gain money for him! We took a walk in the evening, and then I taught Helen to knit lace. I shall make a few little presents of my own work just at home, but no other Xmas presents. I am now knitting a pin- -cushion cover for one. Tom and I have promised to give each other none. I will set a watch over the door of my lips that I do not name anything I might fancy accidentally so as to tempt him. to buy it in spite of himself. That is one saving for the Christmas presents even last year were near- -ly $100. Tuesday Tom hurt his knee badly, I fear, last night, but August 26 for all that started on an expedition to Buena Vista. I did not dissuade him, as I feared he might worry at home. We drove about a mile and a quarter with him, and then walked home. I wrote a P.S. to a letter he wrote to his father last night, and wrote to Bess. Then I wrote diary, and minded Harry till dinner. I measured myself to compare with the same time before. It was then Waist 26, hips 40 shoulders 36 Now it is Waist 25, hips 44, shoulders 39[-] 38. Tomorrow is 6 mos – After study hour and tea, Helen and I walked out, and spent the rest of the evening knitting by the fire. Just after I got to sleep Tom returned tired out. I made tea for him and we got to bed a little after eleven. Wednesday As neither of us slept much, we rested all day. I took August 27 a pretty long morning walk with Helen, and studied in the afternoon. Nice letters form Papa Willie and the Judge. After tea Tom drove me to a hill on the St Mary's road whence we had a lovely view of the sun setting over rolling forest covered hills that melted from their evergreen into a soft dark blue on the horizon. Here and there the smoke from a burning fallow hung a motionless gray cloud over it. – Tom wrote to his father. Thursday Tom was off at 5 A.M. for St Mary's 16 miles from here, whence August 28 he meant to explore its coal beds. I wrote to Papa, a long letter to Walter, and a short note to Mrs Kane. Read West- -minster Review and knitted. Studied two hours. After tea walked to the swamp with Helen and gave her a moral talk. Talked and knitted till bed-time. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B26_F9_p206.jpg) Friday Just after prayers last night poor Tom rode up, per- August 29 -fectly worn out, having pushed home over these dread- -ful roads, and been thrown out of his wagon wh. was left broken in the road. I gave him his supper. Today he must rest, but Mr Burlingame has been talking with him ever so long. Letter from Bess. I wrote to Walter, & got a note from him Saturday Tom went off early to look at a vein he had opened at August 30 his own expense at Johnson's Run. I was very hard at work all day packing. I took Harry and drove over to Mrs Brown's to bid goodbye, and arrange about sending our letters to Marvin Creek. Tom returned late, but in the highest spirits having been perfectly successful, and being able to refute Mr Dalson's discouraging conclusions. Sunday Was not a Sunday-like day. Tom had to pack his August 31 minerals in which I helped him, and wrote a letter to his father for him. I went over with him in the evening to bid the Burlingame's goodbye, and give them some Cognac for poor Mrs B. Monday Summer is over thank God, leaving us all well and Sept. 1. so happy! We left our friends today, with real regret on both sides. We reached Marvin Creek Hotel at dinner-time. I was very tired and headachy so I went to bed early. Mr Dalson came here and told Tom he had found the "Bond Vein" just where Tom said he would. Tuesday We all feel the difference of air here, though it is only Sept 2 400 ft lower than where we were. It is beautifully situated in a valley surrounded with mountains 800 ft high above us. Read, wrote from Tom's dictation, and knitted till dinner, after dinner drove up towards Mc Falls house on Marvin a lovely drive. Came back in time for tea. After tea had letters from Tot, Harry, Papa, the Judge, Mother and John. Wrote from Tom's dictation till dusk, then after a peep at my pet going to bed, he and I walked up to look at some burning trees on the mountain. Wrote from his dictation till bed time. Poor fellow he had a bad headache today, almost his first this summers. Wednesday Tom started off early for Mc Falls. I marked a map for him Sept 3rd and wrote diary, and minded Harry while Jane washed. Then I copied part of a long letter for Tom, and drew a rough map. After tea we took a walk and then I resumed my copying. At bed-time Tom came in with Mr Dalson, and told me he was going to start at four in the morning to be gone two or three days. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B26_F9_p207.jpg) I was so sorry that I made my darling fancy I was vexed, wearing such a sour face, but the truth is I am so dull here without him. Thursday After breakfast Helen and I took a walk. I read, Septr 4. took care of sweet Harry, wrote a pretty long letter to Mother, and one to Tom enclosing copies of three from his father. After tea, took our walk and copied till bed-time. Friday After breakfast walked as usual, and then Sept 5 finished all the copying Tom left. It is already 18 pages. What will it be at the end? Knitted, played with Harry, wrote diary, read a chapter in Lyell. Then I wrote to Willie. Poor wee Harry is suffering from her teeth very much today! Took our evening walk. Finished a pincushion cover I have been knitting, and read more of Lyell. Tom told me that unless he returned home by half past eight I need not expect him. I waited till ten before I went to bed. Saturday Last night after I had been about a quarter of Septr 6 an hour in bed, wheels sounded, and Tom came. Such a hard day's journey as he had poor boy to come home to me! I was so very glad to see him. This morning I had the letter I copied to show him, and some more writing from dictation to do. Then I copied that, and finished the 22 pages, and sent them off in the evening. This, and superintending our re-pack- -ing kept me busy all day Poor Harry was quite sick, and I tried to lance her gums for her, but failed because no one would hold her still for me. It made me feel quite sick from nervousness and I haven't felt well all day since. But my darling Harry. She has never been sick before. May God preserve her to us! Charlotte and Harry sailed for America today, I hope. How I long to see them! All this afternoon and evening Tom has been over- -whelmed with surveyors, and that Mr Dalson is with him now and will be till we go. I did hope that our Sunday morning at least would be Sunday -like. We are to leave here tomorrow afternoon, and hope to reach Fern Rock on Saturday in time for dinner. I shall probably have no time to write again during the journey May God speed us! I thank Him for our happy summer! ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B26_F9_p208.jpg) Pursuing a N./W 65° — the main Stream. for 1 mile and 3/4 they found no breaks in the So. side whatever till they came to the Summit. On the North side there were three breaks. Here was the Summit between Crooked Creek and the Stream. The Summit is very narrow. = not more than 50 feet on the top of the Ridge. the distance between To gain 198 – descent we ran 759 feet on the ground surface on the Eastern side To gain 116 847 on the West Side At the 116 feet we struck the bed of Crooked Creek. Crooked Creek I think falls 100 feet to the mile there K. 150 @ Cornelius We found no sign of the Engineers line you remarked ascending the other fork of North fork up the fork we followed; we found no sign of any Engineers line on the Summit. nor for an distance short of half a mile to the North East along it – nor any where when the waters of Crooked Creek when they approach that Summit another 21/2 miles. We returned down the "middle fork" of Crooked Creek — (the northmost of the two marked down by me). They empty into one Creek a half of a mile from the above the Be[-]ch Tree wh. we found them, which no doubt was Jarrett's. They were then running North till they [directional markings at the bottom right side of page] Pa[---]y Place S N. 65 W 1 3/4 miles Park ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B26_F9_p209.jpg) On Sunday the 7th we quitted Marvin Creek, and by making forced marches I call them, but ordinary journeys for most people we reached home on Thursday morning. It looked very lovely and cheerful, and we had a warm welcome. Today, Monday the 15th finds us quietly settled. The prin- -cipal occupation of my morning was my dear girlie who was so sweet and loving! When she was lying asleep the happiest tears rose to my eyes. May I be truly grateful for all my blessings! Tuesday I wrote in such a hurry last night! I think I ought to write Sept 16. more fully the story of our journey home, for it was very pleasant nearly all the time. When we left Marvin on Sunday afternoon, all the mountain forests were glorious with the colouring of autumn, and our journey that day and Monday was merely a lovely three hours drive through exquisite scenery with a fresh moun- -tain breeze in our faces. But the elevation grew less and less. At the dirty tavern where we passed our Sunday Night, as well as at our Monday's stopping place at Olean, our lungs felt the difference painfully. Tuesday we rattled over what might almost have been the descent to Hell, so hot, dusty and close was the air. At Elmira we panted, and Harry cried, and we had her gums lanced, and the water was limestone, and we worried poor tired Tom. On Wednesday we started for Williamsport, but it looked so bricky and hot, that we kept on to Danville. We were wise. Cool mountain breezes, clean rooms, delicious fare, and pitcher after pitcher full of cold water in which we dabbled to our heart's content. Thursday morning we drove up "Bald Top" and were rewarded by an exquisite view. Range after range of smoothly rolling mountains, bathed in summer light and haze, with the blue rolling Susquehanna winding in many a curve, its little joyous waves sparkling through the deeper colour of its flood, and at our feet pretty little Danville, its brick houses and slate blue roofs mingling into a purple hue, and the trees that line all its streets making it look not unlike a tuft of violets in grass. — Tom went to look at the Montour Iron Works when we came back. After dinner, I sent for the mistress of the house and talked to her, so that when we started in the cars for Reading ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B26_F9_p210.jpg) at five o'clock, I felt quite worn out. Our road lay over the mountains of the Catawissa, and we came over those fearfully beautiful bridges. As we inhaled the fresh air my spirits rose, and I began coaxing Tom to go straight to Philadelphia. I did not prevail until we acci- -dentally heard that the hotel, where he had written to engage rooms and a supper, was undergoing repairs. So at last he gave way. We got to bed in the Merchant's Hotel in Fourth Street Philadelphia, by two o'clock. And on Friday morning got out here. Saturday was busily employed in unpacking. Tom and I had a sweet Sunday together, and Monday I was happy too. This morning, I am taking care of Harry. She is sleeping, while I write. I walked with Tom, up to the Oak Lane Station, and came down in the cars. I finished since then, putting down all my accounts. Helen costs us $82.44. I am sorry it is so much. Our summer with John's trip costs us including spent on the Mc Kean Co's lands. On Saturday, I spent some hours in town. I was obliged to purchase an afternoon and morning dress, and to choose Walter's wedding present. At first I chose a diamond ring costing $50. Afterwards Tom wanted me to take a beautiful little opal set with brilliants costing $70. As it was beyond my limit, I refused. Then we had a long argu- -ment. He wanted me to have my opals reset for Sabina, and to take the other for myself. As to that I agreed to the first, not to the second. He carried the point, but I shall be ashamed to wear it. I feel mean to her, and extravagant to myself. Besides I don't feel as if we had any right to purchase so dear a thing while we are in debt. Tom said it might come out of the hundred Papa gave me for Christmas. But it can't do that. $82.44 is gone for Helen, Sabina's opal setting will cost something and the rest is gone for travelling expenses. Oh, if I could earn money! Last night I read a letter from Walter that he wrote some time ago, but it followed me to Elk & back. It is in answer to one I wrote Aug. 28. a great deal about Sabina to cover a little pill of advice about his duty to the chicks. Whereto he answers all about her! Fiddle!! ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B26_F9_p211.jpg) Wednesday The Judge wants us all to go to a torchlight procession in honour of Buchanan. I wish I could get off! After taking charge of Harry till Tom came out at ten o'clock, I sat with him till a twelve o'clock dinner was ready. Elisha wants him in New York. I don't know what for. I wished so much to go with him, and dropped a hint to that effect. But as he did not take it, I gave up the idea. I know he would have taken me if pos- -sible. We drove in town together, then he went to N.Y. and I to Cousin Mary's where I stayed till the time to see the procession. A quick walk to 5th & Chesnut tired and heated me much and the procession was a great bore, as I had no Buchanan sympathies and was forced to listen to talk revolting to my feelings. Thursday. As I did not get to bed till nearly one Sept 18 this morning I was too tired to do much through the great heat of the day. I sewed, minded Harry, drove to Mr Dickson's and back, and lay down for a couple of hours. Read "Half Hours with the Best Authors." Wrote refusals to Walter's wedding for the family. The papers announce Tot's arrival! Tom will see her. How I wish I could! I miss him so. I want to have my dear companion to interest himself with me in my anxiety to see her. All the afternoon I took care of wee Harry, and gave the evening to Bessie. Friday Was able to write a little, and spent the rest of the September 19 morning driving with Mrs Kane. All the afternoon driving with Tom who came full of the dear girls. Lily Macalester came to stay, and the Dicksons spent a very dull evening here. Poor Tom after all his fatigue was out in the storm till midnight waiting for his father. Saturday After a restless night Tom being sick and the storm September 20 furious I supposed he would not go to town. So I let him sleep on. When he woke he said he had a most important engagement. He got off in time, I hope. All I could gain time for this day, was to ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B26_F9_p212.jpg) write my copies, and diary. Lily M. and Bess discussed matrimony a long time, and I was dreadfully tired, the subject being less interesting to me. I made Harry a pinafore while they talked. But I cannot yet carry out of my plan of studying for two hours. I have either to mind Harry, or see visitors. — I read Physiology for half an hour. Devoted the afternoon and evening to Tom who had a bad headache Sunday Wrote a note to Tot. Had a pleasant morning, reading aloud September 21 to Tom. — Monday There now, I have fallen into my old bad habits again. Septr 29. I haven't written in my diary for a week. I have driven Mrs Kane over to Germantown several times. I have made two pinafores, & a frock for Harry, and mended the clothes for the wash. Thursday, I spent in town, waiting for the two girls, who, to my delight came to spend a week with me. They were full of Walter's wedding which took place the day before. They are both delighted with Sabina. On Friday we had a dinner party for the girls. Saturday, was delightful, we were alone together. Sunday I did not feel well. Today, Monday, I have been busy preparing Tom's clothes for a visit to Elk Co. How dreadfully I shall miss him. But I hope he will be well there. Oh, how I wish I had some money to pay our debts. I would be so happy! I wrote to C.M. also. Tuesday All yesterday afternoon was spent in preparations for Tom's September 30s departure. Then after all E.K.K. was sick, and, I thought very anxious for Tom to stay with him. So Tom stays till tomorrow afternoon. I held E K's head, so burning hot, poor fellow! till bed-time. — Poor old Mrs Betton was buried yes- -terday. — This morning I wrote diary, copy, and drew with the camera, sewed and minded Harry. I added up my own dress account yesterday, and find I have spent very little which is satisfactory. I shall begin a new account book as my present one is too large and heavy Wednesday Tom stayed out of town. He, Charlotte, Harry and I took a long drive together which took up all the morning. The evening we spent together till seven when Tom went up to town to start early tomorrow for Reading. Tot slept with me but I missed Tom dreadfully. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B26_F9_p213.jpg) Thursday Went up with the girls, and took them to the New York October 2 boat. Then I left Tom's shirt collars at the Sewing Machine place, called on Cousin Mary Gray and the Pattersons, and then shopped all the way down. When I got home thoroughly tired, I found poor Tom stretched on the bed. He had reached Reading and returned, sick of cholera morbus. Aunt Mary Leiper too was there, sick. So the evening was of the saddest. Friday 3rd Tom had a good night. Aunt Mary fretted till they promised to let her go home. Tom thought of starting for Reading, and taking me with him, but changed his mind. I knitted a hood for Harry. We dined early, and I did some sewing in the evening. Saturday Tom much better, though weak. Wrote for him two notes, and 4th October waited on him, and minded Harry. Commenced my new account book, and made a big quilted hood for Tom to wear in the mountains at night. Harry sent me a nice letter, dear child. Rested part of the afternoon. Wrote diary. Took care of my pet Harry. Knitted and talked to Tom Sunday Tom slept well, but is still weak. I waited on him, read my 5th October Bible, and a sermon of Arnold's to him. The day was cloudy at first but cleared up finely. I must try to arrange little Miss Harry's hours for exercise. I think 9 to half past 9. Her ten o'clock meal over, let her be coaxed to sleep, and then sent out till 12. After 1/2 past one let her be out till three. This will do for this season, though I am grievously puzzled as to the winter, how to provide her with sufficient exercise, and attention with all the claims upon Jane's time and mine. There isn't room for another nurse even if I could afford to have one. Harry will soon walk alone but I hear every one say that is only another cause for anxiety, as you are kept constantly on the watch. Little darling, how winning she is! Monday & Tom was sick both days though still mending. On Tuesday Tuesday. I drew with the Camera, and wrote to Tot. Wednesday Tom was better today and we drove to Laurel Hill 8th together, where we ordered two roses to be planted for poor G. Ingersolls grave. It was a very lovely day. EKK arrived to bid goodbye. John and Pat came out with him. The evening was painful enough. Tom says poor E. wanted to make a will leaving all to us, and then proposed to leave him more than the others so as to make him equal in wealth, notwithstanding his family ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B26_F9_p214.jpg) Tom refused. It seems so sad, poor E's longing for more open expression of family affection, and his sick troubles. Poor fellow, we are richer far than he. Thursday Sat with Tom doing what I could for him until a Oct. 9th one o'clock dinner was served. Then we drove in town together, and I parted from him at Pat's office. I hope God will prosper his journey! I sat in Pat's rooms till I came out of town. Then I found poor Mrs K. had broken some muscular fibres in her leg. I sat with her till 8 o'clock when Bess and Dr W. Mitchell came out. We then had tea, and then I went to bed with a sick headache. Friday Hard at work arranging Tom's closet. I found a deed Octr 10. he wants. Then I minded Harry, wrote diary, arranged my room, which is to be the gentlemen's hat room tomorrow, and helped Mrs K. make dusters. I am bent on being cheery that my boy may find me well when he comes home. Rested all the afternoon. Sat with Mrs K. in the evening. Wrote to Tom Saturday On coming down to breakfast I found that some one was needed Octr 11 to execute some errands in town. I undertook them and before dinner had so thoroughly over-fatigued myself that I had to rest all the afternoon. By eight in the evening everything was ready for the Wistar party. The sky was cloudless and the moonlight beautiful. As you came into our wood it sparkled with lamps. The terrace was outlined in tiny coloured lights, the verandah draped with flags and illuminated and a glow of light from the windows shone through the flag hangings over the windows The house was bright with light and flowers. Elisha's new silver displayed, and the staircase lighted by a Japanese lantern hung in the arch before my door. My room, cleared of books and papers, decked with flowers, and with its pretty marqueterie displayed, was the gentlemen's dressing room. How I wished for my boy to enjoy the scene! But then he would have been so tired, poor fellow! Sunday All the household were exhausted, and passed a quiet Octr 12. sleepy Sunday. I wrote to Tom in the morning, and thought much of him. Dear Tom, how happy he makes my life. God grant us both to be his servants, and let him give us children, only to be his. I read one of Arnold's sermons in the evening to Bess, and then we talked till bed-time. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B26_F9_p215.jpg) Monday A busy day but a pleasant one. I was determined that Octr 13 I would keep my promises to Tom better, so I wrote a little, then went out, then rested, read and sewed, and played with Harry. Wrote to Sabina. Then the Dun- -laps came to a quiet prosy afternoon. In the evening Bessie and the Judge went over to the Ingersoll's, and I wrote to my boy. Then to bed. – Such a nice letter from Tom! Tuesday Since Tom went I have been reading "Zenobia," and Martinian Octr 14 on "Household Education." Today was raw and rainy, but I took a little walk, and avoided sitting steadily at anything. I sewed a little, wrote a little to Tot, wrote diary, etc, making a point of breaking off constantly. This was election day, and Pat drove out to dinner. I have a pencil note from Tom, dated Olean, saying how well he felt. Mother read aloud part of the evening, and Pat and John spent the afternoon and were delighted with Harry, who cried after them. I wrote a few words to Tom but could not write much as I felt uneasy. I made Bess teach me a new way of dressing my hair, to please him. Wednesday Minded Harry, wrote diary and copy, and arranged a Octr 15. dead mosquito for drawing. Then I thought it would take me longer to draw than Tom would like so I gave it up, and went off to Mrs Kane's room who read aloud nearly all the morning while I alternately made button holes, and played with Harry. Then I lay down, and was awaked to get letters. One to Tom from a man in Wilmington about some point of office routine which I sent to Mrs Heaz- -litt, another notice to attend a meeting of the Prison Amelio- -ration society, and two, no three, to me. From Mr Simpson acknowledging the M.S. from Willie, and a dear Sunday letter from my own Tom. I wrote to him in the evening and spent my remaining hour or so with Mrs Kane. Then I went to bed, where my cheerfulness broke down, and I sobbed like a baby, first, because I'm a coward, next, for Tom to comfort me. I fancied him by me letting me rest in his arms and cheering me, and that made me sob worse. I wouldn't mind being away from him here, so much, if I only knew we should be together where all tears are dried. Oh God, if I only knew! My faith is so weak. Yet, Lord I believe. Help Thou mine unbelief! My own Tom! How I love him, and oh how great a shame to me it is that I, who have called myself Christ's, do so little, while Tom does so much! ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B26_F9_p216.jpg) Thursday This day week Tom left me. It seems impossible that any October 16 seven days could last so long. I sewed, wrote my copy, my diary, and minded Harry. Then I began trying to draw a plan for a house in Elk Co. After that I wrote to Tom. Then I lay and rested my back. All the evening I sat sewing and reading with Mrs K. There was no letter from Tom. L. Mitchell married. Friday Wrote diary, wrote to Tom, and finished a rude plan of a October 17. house. Sewed, finishing all I could do for the time to a little pelisse for Harry. I took a little walk before a pouring rain came on. Received a long nice letter from Papa. He says that they have returned now to New York Mrs K. read three political pamphlets aloud to me, to my infinite weariness. We were very lonely and dull, both Bessie and the Judge being away, and no letter coming from Tom. In the evening I felt quite unwell. Saturday Mended clothes for the wash, counted them, wrote diary, Octr 18 and minded Harry. Bess came home about eleven and told us all about the doleful wedding, and a pleasant little supper Pat gave on Friday. I had a scrap from Tom saying his work was prospering, but he saw no pros- -pect favorable to our coming next year, and that he was in the best health and spirits. God be thanked! I also received Penington's Bill, sent in the third time, and a letter from Lucy Wickham thanking me for my letter, which she has just received. Bess and I took quite a walk. In the evening I commenced a set of nightgowns for Harry, while the Judge read aloud. I was sitting up by Mrs Kane when he came listening lest Harry should cry as I had sent Jane to wash. Mrs K. sent was reading a novel, and he teased her about it laugh- -ingly. So we had a pleasant evening. Sunday I slept so painfully night before last that Bess insisted October 19 on sleeping with me. I did not sleep at all till after three. Minded Harry, wrote diary, took a walk, wrote to Tom. I read today using a reference book, and had quite a pleasant Sunday. Read one of Arnold's sermons to Bess. Monday A pretty restless night, and a very busy day. I let Jane go to wash a quantity of flannels which took her till a quarter past two. I took care of Miss Harry, sewing when she went to sleep. Then I walked to the garden hurrying up as the cars came for my letters. One for Tom from Mr Struthers about his election, one for me from Tot, and one for the Judge from Tom speaking of his being suc- ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B26_F9_p217.jpg) -cessful so far, and well in health. I asked Tot if she wouldn't rather have a sewing machine than a photograph thing, and she says, "Yes, by all means." In the evening I sat sewing by Mrs K. while Jane ironed. I wrote a little bit of a note to Tom Tuesday A week and two days before I may look for Tom! I slept Octr 21 very little, and when I did, had bad dreams. Gave J. P. Green money to pay Penington's Bill. Wrote diary before breakfast. Drew part of a mosquito with the Camera, but thoughtlessly let it fall before its outline even was com- -plete. Sewed, took a little walk, and read Tom's Negro paper which is very interesting. I wish I might send it to Papa to read! My room was cleaned today, and I was turned out after superintending the disembowelling of my closet. Mrs Mitchell Lizzy and a Mrs Clark took tea here. Wrote to Papa and Tom. No letter from him. Wednesday What a lovely day, a golden haze hanging over all the Oct 22. autumn landscape, and not a sound in the air unless a chestnut patters through the leaves falling to the ground. Our quiet wood nest hears no sound of busy world life. Through the arched boughs we see afar off the three rival banners at Branchtown all drooping sleepily in the warm glowing light. Nearer and brighter tinkles our brook barring us with its line of light from the outer world. I stroll lazily about, but no one could take active exercise in such weather. I sew a little sitting by Mother, mind Harry a little, draw wasp's stings and read a novel. Then comes the shriek of the locomotive — who has arrived? Johnny with a letter from Tom. Such good news! Tom is well, successful both in his road, and in pro- -curing summer quarters. He has succeeded in hiring the Wilcox's house for two months. So I spend my afternoon in lazy dreams of happiness. Then comes the evening. I write a little note to Tom, and one to Tot, and spend the rest of the evening sewing by Mrs Kane. Thursday This day week I hope to see my darling. Rose early, Oct 23 tidied my room and read my chapter before break- -fast. Wrote diary, and wrote to Elisha. At eleven Miss Betsy came and she worked with me all day. No news from Tom. Friday passed exactly like Thursday. No news from Tom Saturday Yesterday I had letters from Papa and Harry. Today Harry Oct 25. my little one, I mean, was fretful and seemed to be teething ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B26_F9_p218.jpg) Walter brought Sabina to see me. She pleased me very much indeed. Quiet, gentle, and ladylike, determined and very fond of Walter. Less regularity of feature than I expected, for she is sharp chinned, and long-nosed, but a very pretty complexion. Lizzie came out too. I was very weary when they went and kept quiet all the evening. Sunday After reading a chapter in Ezekiel strolled round the place October 26 gathering bright leaves for Bess to deck the fruit with. Minded Harry and wrote diary. I have been very dispirited the last two days. No word from Tom, and I miss him so dreadfully. – I left off writing here for the 10 A.M. train came in, and with it my own boy. He had grown uneasy about me, and had injured his eye very much so he came home. A bough pushed aside by his horse had knocked against his eye, and for some time he was quite blind. Even then he did not forget me, God bless him, but grasped some moss which he brought home to show me that he remembered me. My darling! He was sick, poor fellow, with a severe cough and cold. We were very happy however, and when Walter and Sabina came I was so glad to suprise them. Walter and I had a long medical talk God be thanked for the help He enables me to give! Monday As it was a bad day, Tom stayed at home and we talked October 27 a great deal. Especially about Judge Wilcox's. On Tuesday he went to town and brought out a quantity of money. Weir also lent me a number of microscope drawings. I finished Tom's wrapper, made one for Harry, and a nightcap for myself. Wednesday, I drew with the Camera, copied circulars for the Judge, and did some copying for Tom. Thursday, except while minding Harry, I wrote from Tom's dictation, nearly all day, and all the evening. Friday Tom went to town this morning. I took care of Harry October 31 till about ten, then wrote diary, then wrote to Walter, minded Harry again, and drew with the camera till dinner time. Tom brought me a note from Papa. The evening was spent in sewing and chatting Saturday Paid Jane's wages, wrote diary, minded Harry, wrote to Papa, Nov. 1 and sewed awhile. I was quite absorbed in a drawing from the Camera till my dear Tom came home. On Sunday we read together and strolled in the garden. In the evening as I sat by Harry's cradle, Bessie sought me out to ask my counsel – she said – but rather to relieve ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B26_F9_p219.jpg) her feelings. Then for the first time I read her heart more deeply than she knew, poor dear sister. I prayed for her as I do now that God would guide her as He knows it is best for her. But I must not write more, for if I die soon, Tom may look here, and though he may know the secrets of my heart, hers are not mine. And oh, dear Tom, if you ever do read this remember how dearly I loved you, with my whole heart. He and I had a talk – I was depressed, and selfishly betrayed it – till I felt his tears on my cheek, oh my darling. Monday & Two quiet uneventful days, Tom went in town Tuesday the second, and I miss him. In the evening my head ached, so I went to bed very early, and hardly slept all night. I had a letter from Tot, and one from Harry on Monday. Both very pleasant. I wrote to all three girls, and finished a second nightcap besides hemming half a dozen towels. Wednesday Quite a busy day. I wrote copies, and then drew maps Nov. 5. etc for Tom till near two o'clock. Then I wrote diary. Besides I minded Harry. I felt tired, having scarcely slept. Dear little Harry grows more charming every hour. Before dinner I drew a bee's sting under the Camera, and after tea I read aloud to Tom and Bess the first Act of Richard III. I forgot to say that today I finished my second copy book, and Tom says I am much improved. But there is no improvement since I came home compared to that I made in Elk County. Poor Harry's cold has settled on her chest. Thursday I sewed nearly all day, at a little pink frock for Harry. November 6. I wrote a very little for Tom also, wrote diary. Friday I worked pretty hard all the morning, making eight towels in November 7. little more than an hour. Then Tom drove me far out on Fisher's Lane near Frankford, a delicious drive. The Judge brought me very nice letters from Papa and Walter. In the evening I bound a baby's shawl. I have been very busy and happy this week, though Mrs K. makes me feel very uncomfortable about Dr Wistar. Saturday Mended clothes for the wash, put a cap into Harry's new hood Nov 8 put bladders on my quinces — housekeeping for dear Elk Co– talked to Mrs K. who makes me very uncomfortable, minded Harry, and wrote diary. Yesterday I subscribed to Miss Mitchell's reading lessons, & I hope it will be a help to her, poor thing. In the afternoon Bess brought two school-girls ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B26_F9_p220.jpg) to spend their Sunday out of town. So I talked to them all the evening. Tom brought me copy books enough to complete my set, and a number of colored crayons to adorn Harry's pictures with. Every day she stands at my knee poring over them, wee dar= =ling. Sunday This morning I minded Harry till I was quite tired out, so I took Novr 9. quite a walk to brisken my spirits before the reading. When I came in Johnny was rude to Tom and I got so frightened that I made Tom go out again with me, and afterwards we read very pleasantly together. But Tom proposed our going to town, and I found I had a marvellous inclination to say, Yes. God help me to do right! And oh, make Tom a Christian! Monday Harry is sixteen months old today, and so improved. She is more Nov. 10 like a two year old child. I wrote my first copy in my new writing book, and wrote diary. Then I took a walk to the garden then sat and sewed, then took another walk and then wrote to M. Jones. In the evening read aloud part of the time, and then sat sewing while Tom sang song after song for me which was very pleasant. Harry was not well for two or three days but I think she is quite well now. She will soon reject the support she still requires in walking: today she rises to her feet unaided. Wrote to M. Jones. Tuesday Minded Harry, wrote diary, part of a copy, and wrote a letter Nov. 11. to Tot, a note to Becky Patterson, took two little strolls, sewed and helped Mrs K. read aloud. I have had Harry on my hands a great deal these last few days owing to Jane's being absorbed in William, who is sick. Tom brought me home Carpenter on the Microscope, "Bothwell" by Aytoun, and the 4th volume of Macaulay's England. Read some of the second book in the evening. Wednesday I miss Tom so much. He will not reach home till night, either V2 Much less Nov. 12. today or tomorrow, and he has been equally long absent yesterday, Monday and Saturday. Read Bothwell, wrote diary sorted and darned stockings, took a walk and sewed at my night caps. I saw in the papers that Tom had been nominated as City Member of the S. and E. R.R. Board, and when he came home we talked about it almost all the evening. Thursday I expected a very dull day, but it turned out pleasant, though Nov. 13 Tom was away till bedtime. I took two walks, wrote my diary and my copies, and read some of Macaulay's History. Then I sewed, and coloured some little pictures for Harry who enjoys them keenly. Afterwards I drew with the Camera – a Fly's antenna a pair of spider's claws, and the "ligula" and "maxillae" ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B26_F9_p221.jpg) of a Bee. The latter interests me much. Carpenter classifies the divisions of the mouth, as the Ligula, "Maxillae" and "Mandibulae" says the Ligula is solid, not tubular "as some suppose" and has a very indifferent woodcut. Hogg, who has a much better woodcut says that there is a lancet shaped dart, (unmentioned by Carpenter) and draws what I make out a tube in the specimen I have, as a lance, exterior to the Ligula. — Tom sent me out a nice bureau for my room, and brought me a new review, English papers etc. He tries to bring me something every day, dear fellow. Friday I had Harry weighed today; she is 22 lbs. I sewed and minded Nov. 14 Harry, wrote my diary etc until 11 o'clock when Aunt E. Leiper came and I gave up doing anything till she went. I felt humiliated before her, for she seems to breathe "a purer ether, a diviner air." Good Christian Lady! I walked down to the bridge, back, and all round the garden and then went to the cars for Tom. He brought me a book of the Rosine Associations, and subscribed $6. Also nice letters from Papa, Willie and Uncle Cross. Lizzie Mitchell came out at half past five and stayed all night. Harry was on her very best behaviour. She sat on a stool, talking, saying every word she knew. She kisses me now when she thinks she has been naughty, and says "a good baby"! Ran tucks in two or three frocks. Saturday Minded Harry, wrote diary – by the bye Harry weighs 22 lbs, Nov. 15 and after counting the clothes, mended the soiled ones. Becky came out at 1/2 past 9 and stayed till 4. She was pleased with Harry who was perfectly fascinating today. I sewed a great deal, and so had a backache, cramp, a cry, and a restless night. Sunday I had a very pleasant day. After I ended my task of 16th minding Miss Harry. I sat with Mrs K. some time. Then Tom and I read a nice sermon of Arnold's and the chapter from which the text was taken. Then we walked round the hill to the garden and back. In the evening I sat sometime with Mrs K. then went down and listened to the singing, and then repeated hymns etc to Tom until my bedtime. Mrs K was allowed to try to walk. Slept nicely. Monday Minded Harry, dusted my room, coloured some of her pic- 17th -tures, and wrote diary. Wrote to Papa, and read in Ma- -caulay about Ginkell's Campaign in Ireland looking out the places on the map, which I hope will fix it in my mind. Tom brought me a sweet letter from dear Tot ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B26_F9_p222.jpg) begging me to let her stay with me next week. So I wrote to her too. This evening I finished a third nightcap, and then listened to Mrs K. who is reading "Dred" aloud to us. It is so funny to hear her indignation at Mrs Stowe's incidents! We drove her out for the first time today. Tuesday I had scarcely finished my morning's attendance on Miss November 18 Harry when Mrs K. sent for me to listen to "Dred." I took my sewing and stayed till eleven when we went driving till near dinner time. Tom brought me another letter, a kind merry one, from Tot. He brought a $100 share in the S. and E. R.R. too so we have now $900 invested. We owe nearly $500 for board however, but we are paying it off $20 a week. Wednesday Busy sewing pretty nearly all day. Tom did not get home till nightfall. Harry had something like hysterics. Thursday Thanksgiving Day! I sewed, finishing a little crimson frock 20th Nov. for Harry, and then rode as far as the woodgate where Tom met me, and we had a lovely stroll home. His headached badly poor felow and we were both depressed about Elisha. Both Pat and John dined here, and Bess went back to town with them. She is to spend a fortnight with Lily Macalestert. I shall miss her very much. I read aloud to Tom all the evening, which was a very happy one. Friday Sewed and minded Harry all the morning, till 1/2 past 12. Then 21st Nov. went driving with Mrs K. as far as Cheltenham. Mrs Miller came out, and I set her to work at once. After dinner and my nap there was a fuss about Mrs M's meals. I sewed on Harry's new spotted frock, read about the Massacre of Glencoe to myself and read Richard III to Tom. A very pleasant letter from Papa. Saturday Slept wretchedly. Tied up Weir's slides to return them, and put 22nd Novem. away my microscope, camera lucida, and various books which I shan't need for some time. Wrote diary, minded Harry, counted clothes. Cousin Mary Gray came out in the cars, and spent the day. I walked a little, and went to meet Tom at the cars. He brought me a nice letter from Tot, and he had one from Elisha – oh so sorrowful. Sick and disheartened, with all his idealisations of Lady Franklin dispersed! I think I would have asked Tom to go after him if it had not been uncertain how long he would stay in England – I finished Harry's little spotted frock. Sunday I slept little and did not rise, till near ten o'clock. I 23rd Nov. had my room all put in order. Then Tom read me the first chapter of St Luke, and we read a sermon of Arnold's together. I wrote a little notekin to Tot, and now I am all ready. When shall I be out of suspense? Shall I ever ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B26_F9_p223.jpg) write in this book again? If not, Farewell Tom, my own dear Life. God ever bless and watch over you. May we meet in Heaven! Monday Here I am again, after a false alarm. The doctor was summoned at 24th November. midnight, every one in expectation. Fell asleep, waked refreshed in the morning, and am now at work on another frock for H.A.K. I was very well all yesterday but did not go down stairs as W. Moss and Johnny were there. I wrote to Bess as well as to Tot. I read Macaulay pretty steadily till tea-time Then Tom read aloud "Scribe's Domino Noir" to me, and though I did not feel very well I stayed downstairs till half past ten, and then went to bed. There I read to myself awhile till Tom came. Between At twelve I sent him for the Dr. (16 between 12 & 1) He came by one and the little one was born at 28 minutes past 2, Tuesday, Nov. 25. When they told me it was a boy, I was so glad. I screamed "Tom, Tom" to let him know. My Father I thank Thee for thy mercy. I prayed not to have a boy unless he might be a Christian. Since Thou gavest him, help us to make him Thy servant! A prayer most fully granted! E.D.K. April 27th 1906 Every one rejoices that our bright eyed little baby is a boy. Tom and I want to call him Willie after Willie Kane, the family are divided between John and Elisha. On the fourth day they began feeding me up, the tenth I got up, the twelfth I read, the thirteenth (today, Sunday the 7th Dec) I write my diary. They have been uneasy about E K K's health, fearing consumption, but yesterday better news came. So Tom and his mother who were to go today to meet him at Cuba, put it off till Thursday. It is a pull! Tom brought home ever so much money enough to pay our Board and leave some over. Thank God for all His mercies! I pray Him to help me to manage my dear Harry. Monday I pencilled a few words of diary last night. What I meant about Decr 8 Harry was this. Since my sickness she has been very fretful, she sleeps less than ever, though she looks well. She does not eat much either. Her mind is too active. How to make her sleep and eat? How prettily she behaved when "Baby boy" was first shown her! Dear Harry she is always good with me! My nurse had to leave me last night, and a new one came. I hope I shall like her as much! I found a letter I dictated to Tot last week lying on the window sill. It must have slipped under T's papers! ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B26_F9_p224.jpg) Thursday Yesterday I was allowed to cross over to one of the other bedrooms Decr 11th for awhile. I was able to help Tom a little with his work. He had an interview with the S. & E. Board completely baffling their exposing their Engineer's ignorance, but his heart relented, and he let him off till today. Dearest Tom, I shall miss him dread- -fully! I can hardly help crying when I think of his going Going tomorrow too! Tuesday My dear Tom found he could stay with me till Sunday December 16 night. We were together so much and I feared I should let him see how I dreaded his going so I exerted myself too much and had a pretty bad headache. But I managed to keep up, and bid him farewell cheerfully. Bessie followed me upstairs to tell me that Tom had left word that he had engaged a photographer to teach me, and also a carpen- -ter to fit up a dark closet, etc. How kind in him! This new token of his thoughtfulness makes me anxious to show him that I can do rightly for him and I will try to be as cheery as he could wish. God bless the dear fellow! While I am still in my room, so little happens worth mentioning that it seems useless to write in this book. Bessie said at tea last night (I go down to tea, & dinner since Saturday) that Lily Macalester was saying how sad and dull her sister-in-law's and my lives must be! Lily pity me! Ah Tom, I feel what a wonderful happiness God has bestowed on me in your love and com- -panionship, and in our children — and all the family here, and in New York. So many to love, and Lily has no one but that unintellectual father. She need not pity me. — Baby 3 weeks old. The doctor says he never saw so perfectly normal a labour as mine was, even among the labouring classes. I am thank- -ful that God made dear Tom take such care of me. Wednesday A note from dear Tom saying he was very well and all going Dec. 17th right, and another from Tot asking Baby's name, came last night. I wrote to Mrs Wilcox and answered Tot's not yesterday. The baby laughed four times today in answer to our chirruping to it. — Bessie and I read together last evening but this one she was away. However I keep my spirits, and will do so for my darling's sake if I can. Thursday Nice long letters yesterday from Papa and Walter, and a Decr 18 note dated Weldon from Tom. God bless him the dear fellow. I idled about all day. In the evening the Judge and I read Rebecca and Rowena alternately. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B26_F9_p225.jpg) Mother spoke to me about photographing – and so a "gorgon or chimera dire" expires. Friday Came to the conclusion that I would give Xmas presents Decr 18 to the family alone. Found they mounted up considerably. Harry has such fits of crying at night. I wish I could find a remedy. Oh, if I had not been so nervous before her birth! ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B26_F9_p226.jpg) March 21 Such a long time since I wrote! I have spent too dull and 1857 unhappy a winter to write in my diary lest that confidential friend should betray me into losing my cheerfulness. But winter is over, Tom came back this month, and today I found hepaticas in bloom. So spring has come and I shall try to write in my diary in hopefulness. Charlotte has been with me since the 12th of January. She finds home intolerable, and has written to ask leave to return to Walter's, until she comes to me for Elk County. 18th March. Last Tuesday I went to town for the sake of seeing Miss Preston. Dear Tom had the pleasantest of surprises for me. He took me to take my first lesson in photography. I have had two real lessons since, on Wednesday and Friday, and am to take one on Tuesday. The two I have had were in printing positives from negatives, the next will be taking negatives. We printed two of Gray's Ferry, five small and two large ones of E.K.K., two of old Mr Kirkbride, and two of some old lady. These were done the first day. Yesterday I took in four negatives of negroes, Tom brought me from Havana. Of these we printed eight, I think, two of each. — Mr L. sometimes prints a gross in a day. I think his process is as follows, for printing. Chlor. Amon.. Iod Pot[-]ss) Saturate your photographic paper thoroughly in salt <(Chlor. Amon.. Iod Potass)> and water. This can be done several weeks before you use it. Hang it up to dry. When you wish to use it, you first bend back one corner to hold the paper by, then lay it diagonally on a solution of nitrate of silver. Here it remains five minutes, you then lift it carefully to prevent any of the liquid running over the wrong side of the paper, and pin one corner to a cork by a gold pin. Place a little dish under for it to drain into, and fasten a little piece of bibulous paper to the lowest corner to facilitate the draining. When it ceases to drip fasten it by a little wooden clothespin to a little line stretched across your closet, and prepare to print. Lay your negative face upward on the glass of your printing press, on it the sensitive side of your paper, cover with the paper or velvet cover or wad of your printing press, then the wooden cover, and put down the springs. All this has been done in the dark closet. Now take out your fr press & expose your picture to the light for the requisite time. Then taking it into the dark closet, release it from the press and immerse it in salt and water where it begins to redden slightly. Keep it there an indefinite time, say 20 minutes. Then taking it out into the light immerse it in hyposulphite of soda. There it becomes redder, then a bluishness steals over it, and you take it out ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B26_F9_p227.jpg) when it is of a reddish purple, and put under the water tap, Let it flow softly for several hours and then hang it up to dry. This seems very simple but I must expect to fail often before I succeed, because it needs a very experienced eye to detect the right shades of colour at which the various processes must stop. March 22 Master Elisha gave us a fine fright last night, rolling his head off his crib pillow till it hung down on my bed. Tom and Harry and Pat and Mother and I all have such very bad colds. that we can hardly enjoy this lovely spring Sunday. March 25 I stayed at home these two days expecting Mr Sangenheim. I wonder he doesn't come! Dear Tom is putting up a workshed for me. How kind he always is! Friday No Sangenheim. I swept out my workshop, and it is all ready. March 27 Tom went to town this morning. My poor darling I feel so sorry for him. I knew that he had the idea of going to the Arctic Regions but I hoped he was not so bent upon it On Wednesday they read the will, and yesterday evening Tom laid his proposal before the family. How dreadfully he looked! I am afraid I could hardly have stood it out, even though I differed from him so much, if it had depended upon me. My poor, poor boy! Presently he asked me to leave them, and then I ran upstairs, and prayed God to strengthen him. Poor Tom, my poor darling! Johnny came up and kissed me, seeming very much moved and saying what a "big soul" Tom was, but that it would kill him to go–. It was settled against him, though I know it was hard for them to deny him. I cannot write more about it – I must not let myself cry. April 13 I have had no time to write for this is the only day when Tom has been in town without my having a lesson from Mr Sangenheim. I have had ten, I think. Yesterday, he did not come and I tried to take a picture and though I failed yet it was quite a respectable failure – enough to encourage me for the future. Today is too cold for me to work, out in the shed or I should try again. I am very thankful for Tot's prospects. When Papa came here I had the longest talk with him! I persuaded him to let her go to Walter's now. She comes to me for the summer and again in the winter I hope she will come to live near us. Isn't this a great success? Tom is very unhappy. May God comfort him! ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B26_F9_p228.jpg) For nearly a week we went on just as usual. Tom was very unhappy, but struggling bravely against it. I tried, whenever there was any sun- -shine, to take pictures, but I cannot say I made much of it. On the seventeenth came a pressing letter from Walter urging us to come and see Charlotte. We telegraphed next morning that we were coming to the Clarendon, and at the same time received a letter from Papa declining an offer Tom made him to build a house for Tot on the Nice property. We set off, both worn out and anxious and on our arrival found that Walter Tot and Sabina were all at Orange. Walter had telegraphed at 1/2 past 1, to stop us. As we started at two o'clock, this was absurd, and we were very much provoked. Tom did not say how much, for my sake, but I was mortified enough, knowing what exertions my darling had made for the sake of coming. Tot knew nothing about our coming. Papa came up to the Claren- -don, and had rather an unpleasant talk with Tom. Tom showed him the course he had taken, and why. Afterwards we went over to 5 West, and bade goodnight, seeing C.M. in her wrapper. Sunday the 19th the children breakfasted with me, and Cousin M. and Pat dined with us. After dinner Pat went away. I lay down, and Tom and C.M. had some conversation. Then we moved to 5 West. Monday was stormy, and Tom after waiting till 5 o'clock went home. On Tuesday I saw Tot and Sabina and spent the evening at their house. It is decided that Charlotte shall go to the mountains with us, and then remain with Walter for the winter. The two girls must stay at home. I tried to interest Harry in some work. I thought Tot looked thin and sallow, but she seemed quite happy and said Sabina was very sweet and kind an to her. I came back hopeful of better things than I looked for when I went, but with a sad destruction of "Mes Chateaux." Still I think it was worth while going though I missed celebrating the Fourth Anniversary of my Wedding Day at home Thank God for those four happy years! May 2. Such a dreary day! I wanted to go out and print pictures so much! Yesterday I was in town all day, and prepared paper in the evening for printing today. But I see no chance of getting half an hour even of sunshine, and on Monday Mr Sangenheim comes to give me my twelfth lesson. My darling babies come on finely. Harry is the greatest chatterer! Little 'Lishe crows so loudly that it sounds like the voice of an older child than Harry. He begins to notice strange ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B26_F9_p229.jpg) faces, and to recognise familiar ones. Harry begins to caress and kiss her favorites unasked. It seems so strange to have my own children, one clinging to my knees, the other lying in my arms, and to feel so much younger than I did at sixteen. Poor Minnie Morris is dead! leaving two chilren – she might have been a happier, stronger woman but for our school discipline. I wish I could have done something for her, poor little thing. She was just 22, last month. So hopeful when she was here, a bride, so short a time ago. My dear Tot– oh I wish she could live with us! She feels happier with us than with any one else. Tom looks worse and worse as the weeks go by. Oh my darling, may God bring you out of this fiery furnace of trouble a happy Christian May 15. I am over twenty one now! I feel younger than I did when I was sixteen. Strange that it should be so. I thank God for the happy years since I married. May they strengthen me to bear misfortune. I suppose it must come to me as it does to all. I wish Walter had behaved better! Poor Tot is at home again for the present – as Walter and his wife decided to go to her mother's if it were convenient for Tot to come here. Papa wrote to say that as he could not spare time to accompany her, she must come and stay there awhile. There she is accordingly, Mrs W. refusing to see her. Tom went on, and Papa, though glad he came seemed to wish her to stay there still. So we are waiting till she likes to come. I have had one more lesson from Sangenheim, making I think, the twelfth. My sewing machine has come home too, so I have plenty to occupy me. Beside these things, I have been reading Elisha's diary. I so wish I had read it before! It shows him so noble! If he could but return it seems as if we would know how to treat him better. To think that he was dying, and knew it, before he went to England! May 18 How annoying! Mr S– has not been here for quite a long time and as he has my camera I can take no pictures, and so the golden spring days are slipping away bringing me near the time for going to the mountains and making me lose this lovely period when the leaves are coming out. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B26_F9_p230.jpg) On Saturday "Mrs Saydy" brought her little girl to see Harry, who was perfectly bewitched. She tried to entertain her, repeating all her nursery rhymes, one after the other, "Dr Foster went to Gloster," "Jack and Jill", "Bobby Shaftoe", "A misty moisty morning" etc, with no pause between them, greatly to the other childs astonishment! I am going to do my very best to make a pretty set of photographs for Johnny to take away. He goes next week to France. I wrote last night to Tot. She comes to us on Wed- -nesday. Poor thing she has a hard time of it! Tom and I will do our best to make her happy this summer. God bless our efforts! Monday was A cold raw day but I worked very busily, and succeeded in printing fourteen prints, very well indeed, and of a very nice tone, I think. I am so glad that the back of that is broken at least. Tuesday One of the usual days of pouring rain when I May 19 vainly expected a lesson from Mr Langenheim, but still I was nicely occupied. First, I mounted the remaining ones of a set of photographs for Johnny– eight in number, and then I made some curtains in the machine. Tom says that my eye is becoming quite accurate. I have been trying to draw little ornamental borders of flowers and leaves. Although my touch is niggling as ever, yet they have quite a little effect of their own. Miss Harry was pretending to read – out of Watts' Hymns! – "Come, brave boys, let us be joggin' Let every one drink off his noggin"– etc The little darling looked so pretty with her blue eyes dancing with fun. — Little Elisha is so good, and strong and amiable, that I hope his strength of constitution will carry him through the summer. I dread his teething. He suffers so even with these first ones, and they are not through yet. — I've been making a list of some things we want to take to the mountains, and I am reminded that I have not described my beautiful birthday gift from dear Tom. It is a lady's camera, the first made so lightly, and elegantly finished. The material is the tough root of the walnut, ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B26_F9_p231.jpg) whose strength enables the instrument to be just half the ordinary thickness, a quarter, instead of half, an inch. Instead of the oblong shape of the ordinary camera, (which has two apertures for the grounder glass by which you lengthen or shorten the dark chamber) this is square, and half the length. The other piece, which is only necessary in copying pictures, etc, is removeable, and is left behind when you want to take an house put out of doors picture. The lens can be unscrewed and placed inside the camera. A screw adjustment allows it to be elevated or depressed half an inch. (This is for the sake of adjusting the level in taking stereoscopic views.) Instead of a foot long board projecting beyond the camera to serve as a floor, a neat hinge and catch secure to the bottom of the camera a piece of the same size, which turns back, and is screwed to the stand, by screws that don't tumble out, as the others in the old camera will do. Then there is a bright handle to carry it by, and it is beautifully polished, and not top -heavy, like the old ones. — So much for the camera. — The stand is of the same light wood, dark coloured and relieved by the bright, easy-turning screws. It shuts up, like the camera, to half the size of the old one, and has a central screw, which enables one to turn the camera upwards or downward or sideways as you want it. Any one who has pulled and screwed in vain trying to make the old cameras stand on a sloping hill side can appreciate the luxury of this. Then there is a plate box, holding a half dozen plate-holders. Instead of the ugly black things we had, each of these is of pretty wood I spoke of. Instead of the loose shutter which I always put in wrong side up, and which joggled the plate about, there is one hinged on, with a spring to keep the plate steady. Instead of drawing the front shutter out, (and missing the slit when you put it back again while you grow hotter and hotter because you know that, though the shutter can't get in, the light ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B26_F9_p232.jpg) can, and is spoiling your plate finely), instead of this it only draws up a certain distance, and is retained from falling back by a spring, while the bar which prevents it from being drawn out entirely, also prevents the light from striking in. I forgot to say that the diaphragms will be metal, instead of card, fitting certain places instead of being loosely poked in. The lens also can be turned, and pictures, doubling the size of the objects, taken, by using merely the front lens. It is the most luxurious thing! It seems a pity to throw it away on such a dabbler as I am! [illustration comparing her two cameras] New Camera Old Camera June 7. Since I wrote I have taken several pictures entirely alone and I may hope to succeed pretty well in the mountains. We hope to start tomorrow week. I did a very painful thing I night before last – spoke to J.P. about her want of cleanliness. I would have avoided it, if possible – indeed I put it off from week to week though I knew it ought to be done. So I prayed God to put the right words into my mouth, and then spoke just what words came to me, I know I did it as kindly as possible, though I was very much confused. She was hurt and angry, and said she would not return tonight— (it is her Sunday in town). I should be sorry for my own convenience to have her go, for she is amiable, quick and neat handed, and tolerably well educated. But if she goes I know there is a reason for it, and God will take care to send me a good woman instead. So I shall see this evening. I expect Tom this evening. He has been away a week trying to break a return of his ague, and to cheer his spirits. He gets so distressed about Elisha. I cannot wonder. Even I who knew him only when he was broken spirited – feel his loss more and more. I am so sorry for any harsh words I wrote last year! Still, if I had not persisted in Tom's working less, he would have killed himself in E's service. I did what seemed right then, I trust it was. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B26_F9_p233.jpg) Both the children well and charming. Within the last fort- -night Harry has begun to sing. No tune, but plenty of words, rhythmed like a dear little summer breeze. There she sits singing "Roi d'Yvetot" in her sweet childish tones. May God spare the dear little ones to us if they can grow up Christians! It is so pretty to see Elisha's admiration of Harry and her patronising little ways to "my dear little burrer." ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B26_F9_p235.jpg) List of Books read 1855. Jan 1st Nicholas Nickleby. 3rd Commenced Condie on Infant Hygiene. 5th Putnam's Magazine. 5th Commenced Life of H. Greeley. Finished January 17th. 10th Henry Edmond. 26th Bayard Taylor's Poems. February 6 Wikiff's "Courtship." Ruskin's Modern Painters commenced, Racine's tragedies <10, 12, 13.> 17 Bachelor of the Albany. Am re-reading my Physiology. Westminster Review <15>, Blackwood, <14> Cranford North British & London Quarterly. March Heartsease, Katharine Ashton, Harper's Magazine, Manuel des Fallis d'asile <14-17>. Edinburgh Review. <17> Notions sur les Arts et Métiers, commenced translating <24>. <23> La Brelagne April Enseignement des Salles d'asile. Household Words. Histoire d'une Salle d' asile <23-8th May> Thiodolf the Icelander <24-26> by Fouqué. Amy as Leigh<30 to May 1>. Harper's Magazine May 3 Arnold's Poems <3> Harper's Magazine. Life of Houston <15 to 19>. Un Philosophe sous les Toits <17 & 19>. Putnam's Magazine. Household Words. Life of Mrs Graham <20>. Westminster Review Combe on Infancy <25 to>. The Englishwoman in Russia <25 to 30>. June Howadje in Syria. Nile notes of da[-] ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B26_F9_p237.jpg) A cord 39 2/10 Pendulum beat of a second ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B27_F1a_I1_p001.jpg) Harrisburg, April 1. 1859, 10 P.M. My dear one: By travelling to night till one o clock I might save one day perhaps two days. By waiting I shall not set off till One tomorrow, shall not arrive in Williamsport before Six, shall have to spend all Sunday probably in that sacred place; and I am through all my work, and very homesick. But, literally, to keep my word and not put it through, I intend to take a great sleep and late breakfast here where I am so well quartered, and ensure myself strength and fat when I reach the roughing it of McKean County. Now will you be true to your promise? I have ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B27_F1a_I1_p002.jpg) I have my House of Refuge $20.000. Whic[-] I hope will put an end to the rattan slithry business once and for all. You will be content also that I have done Horace B. Fry a good turn or two. But please send some one with a card of mine to the Evening Journal to subscribe to it in the name of Mrs. J. K. Kane, who will refund the subscription. I had not time to attend to it as I promiesed. As to Elk County, Judge Wilcox will let us have it two years, if Jones please — though what I will do when I get up there I have not yet concluded. My examinations in the Surveyors Office here have also been advantageous to our New Islanders claim. Now good night: think of me Sunday as I shall think of you. I will be worshipping you, but you must worship some one higher so as to pray for Your faithful lover ever. Th. L. K. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B27_F1a_I2_p001.jpg) Report of the Secretary of the Interior for 1859. Reports having prevailed to an alarming extent as to the expenses of the State the Secretary of the Interior deems it her duty to present the true facts of the case. It would be hard to suppose that the rigid economy practised by the Govern= =ment should be of no avail. The Secretary must state that at least $3800 has been spent. But this sum is first reduced by the sale of Frank and the wagon to $3000 Next the following items must be set down Carriage 200 Horses 650 Cows 170 Wagon 65 Freight 207 Saddle Horse 150 Furniture 425 Addition 720. = 2587. Now these are investments, and reduce the ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B27_F1a_I2_p002.jpg) amount spent to $1213, eight hundred of which is accounted for by the sale of horse and wagon mentioned above. The Secretary would further state that the purchase of poultry was an investment and that numerous small expenses may be reduced. Still as unforeseen expenses will arise, she cannot ensure that the State will be strictly within its revenue. But affairs encourage her very much and she hopes that the report will set the nation more at ease. Could the nation contrive either to save or to make about $200 a year more it could get along nicely. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B27_F1a_I3_p001.jpg) [page torn on left side] 15 bu. 1000 (15 55 350 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B27_F1a_I5_p001.jpg) Dearest Wifie: Fear deferred can make the heart sick. I am waiting in this dark little 86 Room of the poisoned National Hotel for the answer which Vandyke is to bring me from the President in reply to my offer:— as if it were not pain enough to be away from you, my love, when my own will might bring me to your side. You remember I did not bear away with me the precious book, your precious gift. If I had even it here! I have made out for Pat a sheet full of reasons for my voyage, which pray read over before you hand them to him. I have written them in humiliation – for I had rather not have been driven to confess to any other motives than the desire to do unrewarded duty, or thoughts other than those of unhesitating sacrifice of myself for the good of my country and the heart of the gospel of = ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B27_F1a_I5_p002.jpg) A truth whose which, alas, I have lived ever so heedless of. The good opinion of those dearest to me, I cd. make up my mind to surrender, I am sure, with other values — but an overpowering influence – an animal instinct I suppose it is – makes the pain of one more turn of the wheel too much. I find I cannot stand the thought that my little chicks may be taught that their father ran away and left them and their sainted mother — thoughtless of all duties which he owed them among others. My wife, my angel, not by you, my own one — my constant blessing and invariable comfort as you have ever been (and this is why I think I am to lose you) — A woman comes in to empty the slops — and I find that I am weeping which she must not see – and I must stop as I cannot write without tears falling. May our God keep you and bless you and bless me for you. [illegible deletion] Your faithful Th. L. Kane Saturday morning. I keep the Pats to copy off clearly ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B27_F1a_I6_p001.jpg) My dear one, my darling, my angel treasure. How could she suffer me to leave her side to go upon this solitary journey! If it be granted me to return and find her alive and well, will I get again – will I ever leave the blessed place which she inhabits – ever forget how wretched I am where I cannot look upon her angel face? Dearest darling, I fear you might think me sick and grieve yourself if I should write you an expiatory letter, relating how, in my absence from the work of home, I have had leisure to think of all my failures of duty to you – how most of all I repent of the loss of the many happy hours and days of hours which I might have enjoyed in the duty of making you and myself with you happy. But alas, there has been the evil itself. It is so truly my highest happiness to spend my time on pleasure with you, that I feel as though it were ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B27_F1a_I6_p002.jpg) ( over selfish indulgence; and thus look to you who give me and order me my pleasure and benefit in all things, to invite me and permit me to do that which to your own thinking is only for your gratification. — Do you know that it has been a cherished purpose with me ever since I got back from the West, to carry you some twilight of the evening to vesper service at St Peters? Do I not remember that I have never yet gone with you to the Acadamy of Fine Arts or the Gallery of the Natural Sciences eve[-]? And the grape vine blossom drive,— poor me!– it is years — three years at least, since I first planned it in my mind that when we took it I should at a certain spot under the railroad embankment there, remind that I had not forgotten where it was you threw both arms around me and declared that you loved me better than you had ever done in your life before. — Such thoughts seem more than the 300 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B27_F1a_I6_p003.jpg) ( 300 miles away from this wintry region. I have not headed my note with a place of date because you would not know its name. It is "Forks of Sinnemahoning–" so called from a stream whose waters I see from my window blown past by the wind of an outrageous snow storm. The raftsmen are smoking and spitting on the stove in the dirty little bar room, in one corner of which I have this memorandum book upon my knee. I wish they wouldn't swear so, for when I am away from you the affliction renders me pious, and the prominent feature of my present mood is a regret that I came away without the little bible and markers, which at least I had the advantage of having with me among the snows of Utah. I cannot read it, I cannot do anything to prove my affection for you. But I can obey you. So I cease straining my eyes and fall to conversation with a travelling companion at my elbow, and only add a few words to say ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B27_F1a_I6_p004.jpg) that I have not yet put it through, and, though I am a day behind ( time, intend to stay at my present quarters till the weather changes. My strength increases as I rise above the tide level. There can be no mistaking it. — I shall live long in the land if I am des[-] tined to live with you among the mountains of Elk County. Which that God may grant prays ever Your truly loving grateful husband Th. L. K. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B27_F1a_I7_p001.jpg) 1st Schuyler descent Philip Pieterse Schuyler = Margaret Van Schlectenhorst (Gov.) Peter Schuyler. Maria Van Rensselaer dau. of Jeremias V. R. Alida Schuyler = 2dly Robert Livingstone Engeltie Livingstone = John Van Rensselaer (Gen.) Robert Van Rensselaer = Cornelia Rutsen Alida Van Rensselaer = Elisha Kane 2d Schuyler descent Philip Pieterse Schuyler = Margaret Van Schlectenhorst (Gov.) Peter Schuyler = Maria Van Rensselaer Alida Shuyler = 2dly Robert Livingstone Gilbert Livingstone = Cornelia Beekman Alida Livingstone = Jacob Rutsen Cornelia Rutsen = (Gen.) Robert Van Rensselaer Alida Van Rensselaer = Elisha Kane General Philip Schuyler whose memoir is in this book, is descended from a younger son of Philip Pieterse named Johannes. You are descended, as above, from the eldest son, (Governor) Peter. Elizabeth D. Kane Nov. 8, 1905 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B27_F1a_I7_p002.jpg) Jeremias Van Rensselaer married Maria Van Cortlandt Their son Hendrik married Catherine Van Brugh Their son, Col. John married Engeltie Livingston Their son Col. Gen. Robert Van Rensselaer married Cornelia Rutsen, and their son Jeremias married Sybil Adeline Kane, while their daughter Alida measured Elisha Kane. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B27_F1a_I8_p001.jpg) My dear Bess, I hardly know how to thank you for your kind note which I shall cer- tainly treasure. It shows me that I was very right to speak to you and that neither the warm day nor my bad head-ache made me overly com- -municative. I am sorry however if I have rais- ed such wishes and hopes in my re- gard which the issue may so sum- marily overturn. You may rest assured that I have no confidences from either dear Tom had yourself and perhaps it was the fear that the little tattle of the town might reach your ears, that Made ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B27_F1a_I8_p002.jpg) made me the more anxious to prove to you that should I open my ponderous fa[--]s at all it would be to yourself and to you alone. The truth is I have such faith in your kind heart and such reli- ance on your good sense that I am always only too happy to run to you for a word of counsel. Just now unfortunately I have nothing either definite or positive to say and I know no more than that other lunatic, the man in the moon, what tomorrow may bring forth. I wish it were otherwise ~ anything I could say would be vague and unsatisfactory enough. When I see you I shall cer- tainly be most amusingly frank. If ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B27_F1a_I8_p003.jpg) If I am not as old and battered at thirty two as I had thought– I have at all events lived long enough to not to feel like a goose if I find myself pretty much of apiece with my bro- ther men. I no longer feel ashamed of what is Natural and I esteem things not the less creditable because they are common place. In which happy mood I will divote myself to my work– and think pretty much of it alone until I have a chance for a good long talk. Yr attached brother Pat. Wednesday March 7: 60 Mrs. T. L. Kane ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B27_F1_p002.jpg) [inside book cover label] MADE AND SOLD BY W. H. MAURICE, Blank Book Manufacturer & Stationer, 112 South Fourth, below Chestnut, Philad'a. Sign of the Eagle, and Bank Ledger, Account Books of the finest quality, together with all kinds of Superior STATIONERY, suitable to Banking or Commercial purposes, constantly on hand. Books Ruled to any pattern, and Bound in the most durable manner, at the shortest notice. All work warranted. Banks, Public Offices, &c. supplied on moderate terms. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B27_F1_p003.jpg) [-]o D. Kane Fern Rock July 17th 1858. Volume 3. August 10th 1858 To April 22. 1860 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B27_F1_p005.jpg) "Scorn no man's love, though of a mean degree: (Love is a present for a mighty king,) Much lesse make any one thine enemy. As gunnes destroy, so may a little sling. The cunning workman never doth refuse The meanest tool, which he may chance to use. Herbert. "Here in the body pent Absent from God I roam: Yet nightly pitch my moving tent A day's march nearer home." Montgomery. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B27_F1_p007.jpg) Tuesday August 10th 1858. Mt Carbon Schuylhill Co. Pa. Here beginneth the third volume of my diary: an occupation I am too glad to have to have to while away long days. When I am at home, with Tom's letters to occupy me I rarely find time to write more than once or twice a week. Today, I will scribble as long as my feeble eyesight will let me. How come I here? Thus: — When I last wrote, I was in a state of great anx- -iety. Ever since the Judge's death made Tom's resigna- -tion of his office irrevocable, my thoughts had turned towards obtaining him the post of agent for the Mc Kean & Elk Sand and Improvement Company. In one of my letters I suggested it to Tom, and I urged the idea upon Pat. All of us saw how important it might be—but I almost despaired of it. First, the post was already filled: by a great rogue, it is true but still a man in the confidence of the Board. Then, Tom's discovery of the two superior routes for the Sunbury & Erie R. Road. Through Elk Co. obliged him as a Director to urge their adoption. This was against the interest of the Mt. K. & E. Company through whose best Coal lands the inferior route would pass. Nevertheless we hoped, and prayed. I told Tom that if it were well for us, God would give us the place. We discussed, with some earnestness, whether it would be wiser to lay the matter at once before the Board, or to wait till we returned from Elk County. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B27_F1_p008.jpg) I was in favour of the first; Tom thought that during our absence he could procure the confirmation of the roguery of S. the agent. Pat agreed with me, and then Tom admitted that perhaps a part of his inclination for delay, arose from sheepishness. So we began— Tom called on one gentleman, explained his errand, and the necessity of his urging the new routes_ and tried in vain to see another. Pat undertook to see some others, and we hoped that next spring might make him agent. This is Tuesday, Last Sunday we were very bisy, I am sorry to say. I went to church in the afternoon but the remainder of the day except a little while when we were reading was occupied by work. Among other things Tom wrote a brief for Pat's canvassing_ Pat not having made his appearance for a talk Tom wished. Then I made a memorandum of Tom's things, and it was arranged that Tom shd go to town on Monday, see Pat, and another of the Board, and that I should pack, dine early, and bring the children and Morton to meet Tom at the Reading R. R. Depot at 3.30 P. M. So done! Tom did not come till a few minutes before cartime; and then only to say that we must return with him, or proceed a day's journey ahead of him. Why? He had a special engagement to meet the gentlemen of the Board on Tuesday for further instructions= he had just been elected Agent, at a salary of $1000 a year. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B27_F1_p009.jpg) This most joyful news made us very happy, I trust very grateful also. I suppose Pat and Tom have been working more earnestly than I knew. I was very sorry that he could not go with me to enjoy our happiness together. I hope he will come tonight, and we can talk it all over. Thank God for it! Now my darling will have a healthy occupation, and at the same time will be able to make himself an accurate geologist, and surveyor. Seven months of the year we are to pass there, the remainder we can spend in Phila. Therefore, If we live long enough our children can go to school, and yet not be separated from us, and we need not grow rusty in our solitude. The Company give us our favorite See Lot at a [---] nominal rent, want us to build next summer, and will furnish us with boards cheap. It seems like a dream! I thank God earnestly for his mercy to us, and that He has answered my prayers. May He also inspire our hearts with true earnestness to engage in the work before us. Grant us wisdom, charity, and hopefulness! Enable me to profit by the time that shall elapse first, to fit myself to be a better housewife than I was, that I may be a better mistress, wife and mother. May our new home be blessed enough to be pervaded with the True Light. As it lighteneth every man who cometh into the world, grant that we may not bar it out from our hearts. And teach us to look ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B27_F1_p010.jpg) upon our neighbours through its atmosphere . Amen! ~Tom told me to go up to Mt Carbon in order to wait for him at Miss Head's quiet orderly house. We reached here about 20. 8P.M. quite worn out. I had to leave the tea-table and go to my room and bed with a bad sick headache. This morning however we rose refreshed. After breakfast J.P.[-]. left us, and we strolled about a beautiful wood and real hanging garden on the mountain slope. Minding the babies, swinging them, and diarising, the morning has slipped away, and it is now near dinner-time. I have just been thinking that tha Wilcox’s will be glad to sell us three of their bedsteads, wh. will save some carriage. I wonder if it wd not be well to have our foundation laid this year? To think that the castle in the air with which I tried to beguile my sad darling, planning out its airy localities will have a local habitation and a name. A name! What? Tuesday Afternoon. Since dinner I have written to Willie, and to Bessie Kane. We are now going to walk again. About those names I have been running over several in my mind. names dear to us, such as Roseland, Reniselair, Elie, Everton, Deseret, Sh (I can’t remember the place, it means Shane’s House) or one I like, Benvenu. It is a welcome to a guest, it means what the place is to us, and it recalls another occasion when we were very thankful for God’s mercy, when my darling was able to rise from his sickbed to watch the sunset lying purple on the summit of the dear mountains we christened Benvenu, so gladly did we greet ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B27_F1_p011.jpg) their health restoring air. We must remember that houses will probably grow round us, taking the name of our place, so it must not be too hard to spell, for fear of fearfully ludicrous mistakes. This bans Rensselaer, I fear. Fairland is a pretty name though without association, Clarion Rill, Meadow or Valley, are more easily localised, or Clarion Bank. Now Tom must suggest some! We have no German associations or a Deutsch name might be pleasant to the settler's ears. The Nest is perhaps too affectionate. Eagle's nest neither appropriate nor humble enough, while Wolf's nest is perhaps too true. Friday August 13. Marvin Creek Hotel. McKean County. Well the news is all true. We are henceforward to call Elk County home! To live in the West, how little I ever should have imagined such a thing possible five years ago. Tom says we had best either buy or hire some ready built house for a year or two till the railroad is determined as to whether it will go by Tionesta or Kinsu and then build at the Summit as it will be the portion of the Tract he is most desirous of settling up. I was quite sorry for this at first, but now I don't know whether it is not an advantage that we should have time to accustom ourselves to small rooms, and for me to learn mountain ways. This winter I must devote mainly to learning housekeeping. Tom says my time is far more valuable to him if I devote it to intellectual work, and that he must get some farmer's family no matter at what cost to do the housekeeping. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B27_F1_p012.jpg) Now I know well enough that the disorderly house- keeping I have always had, which fretted my tem- -per so arose mainly from my ignorance of the way in which things should be done. I am con- -fident that I should be far happier and stronger in health for a little work, and much better men- tally for not fooling myself so incompetent as I do whenever housekeeping falls to my share. I dread guests most. Tom is a perfect angel for putting up with discomforts, and I believe I could soon accustom myself to being a good mistress of an orderly household. Entertaining is the difficulty. However, I'll do my best! Sunday August 15. Williamsville Elk County. Safe in the dear old house at last. Everything as we left it, except that the furniture is replaced in the old crooked way that distressed [--] so much. They seemed delighted to welcome us, and we were soon completely at home. I set to work on Baby Boy's new frock after dinner and Tom sat talking with Judge Wilcox. He was told of Str[-]ther's dismissal, our appoint- ment and so forth, but to our surprise showed no joy. Perhaps he was very sleepy. We have at present resolved to invite the Company to build for themselves on the Lee Lot, we renting the house, until the time comes for building on the Western part. They refusing we will build on our own land in the vicinity of New Flanders. Next year, we will either board with the [-]'s if they will stay, or rent this ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B27_F1_p013.jpg) house from them. If we are building on the Lee Lot it would be so great a convenience to have Mrs. W. keeping house here for us, so that I might be free to oversee our workmen while Tom is busy on the lands. We walked to the old place in the woods and sat there to read, and were very happy together. I am not sure whether I ought to be diarising. I am so tempted to write merely on our weekday plans. We are going to try to have a Sunday School whenever we have enough Protestant settlers, but Tom most wishes to encourage the D[--] Monday August 16. Tom started this morning for the eastern portion of our Tract; where some one has been stealing timber. O. Burlingame Cornelius, and Morton accompanied him. By his desire, I wrote to Mr. Watts urging the coming of a full Committee to Smithport. I finished Baby's dress, and part of a pinafore. We are to drink tea at 5. and drive over to the post office. Tuesday. 17th. There were letters yesterday for me from Harry and Papa. No particular news save that last Thursday was the anniversary of our arrival here 14 years ago. How short a time it seems! I wrote to Charlotte in the evening telling her of our prospect of living here and offering her a home if she chose to come. When we passed the Lee Lot last night Mr. Wilcox told me that Struther's brother-in-law had been here lately to see it. It looked pretty desolate, bristling over with stumps. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B27_F1_p014.jpg) Saturday August 21. I was too busy last Wednesday to write in my diary. I copied a long letter Tom wrote last year to the Sunbury & Erie Board, describing his three routes and it was a very pleasant surprise to him when he arrived. Poor Mrs. Market called, and told me about the fire in which their house was burned down. I undertook to make some baby clothes for her. Thursday Tom was busy, and I sat by him and sewed. In the evening Mr. Jarrett arrived, and by Tom's desire I stayed out of the parlour and so sat in the kitchen and read to Mrs. Wilcox. Friday Tom went off early with Mr. Jarrett. I sewed, and wrote a long letter to Papa, and helped make cake before dinner. After dinner I drove to the Post Office and found quite a budget for Tom. Home letters, one from Mr. Struthers, one from Mr. Black, and the great news that the Queen's message had passed the telegraph. So communication really is established. I am so glad. I have made two pinafores and a frock for my kittens this week, and am now making a baby's chemise for Mrs. Market. Dear little tiny clothes, I wish I could put them on a wee darling of my own. This morning I wrote to Lizzie Mitchell & Bessie and sewed a little. I also made two loaves of "salt rising" bread. After dinner went with the babies to the blackberry pasture and let them eat their fill. As I held Elisha. Harry complimented me by saying ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B27_F1_p015.jpg) "Mamma, you're as good as Dear Friend's Mother. You're like the Virgin Mary." Tom returned about sunset, and we worked at his Maps till a late bed-time. Sunday, Aug, 22. Tom has told the S. Mary's people that he will bring us there on Wednesday. It is too far for him to ride to the West Creek Summits from here, and S. Mary's is so much more convenient a rendezvous for him. I do not like the idea of quitting this dear old place. We are not to return here at the end of our visit but to go to Smethport for a week. There has been a Surveyor here since breakfast. I hope we shall be able to enjoy quieter Sundays when we come here to live. I am afraid however that we shall be over- -whelmed with Dutch. It is their great visiting day. Still if Tom agrees with me I think we can manage with- -out wounding their feelings. We might adopt the old Puritan fashion, keeping Saturday evening and Sunday morning; but then our visitors come chiefly in the morning Men such as Burlingame might be invited to come, and told that our fashion was to hold our little service and keep the day in family communion, but let him have access to our books and be allowed to read quietly by himself. The priest, if we are over on the Lee Lot will be dining with us once a month. If I grew intimate enough with him I could soon find out how best to serve the flock. Tom and I walked over to the Lee Lot this morning after Mr Tillheart went and before Mr. Burlingame ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B27_F1_p016.jpg) came and we kindled a stump on the spot we chose as most likely for our house site. There was a strong wind that soon drove the flames eddying round the root, and the first fire on our hearth enabled us to go all round the clearing judging of the effect the house would produce from each side. The forest is cleared off a hill top which has several undulations. Its principal ridge runs back & up from the land to a sort of bay in the woods, and on the Williamsville side sinks quite abruptly in one place where are two good springs and a tuft of young cherry trees. One of these springs we proposed ([drawing of described house on hill, with the following caption]) This is not in the least like it! keeping for cattle. At the other we suggested a spring- house of logs, level with the spring on one side, and backed by the rising ground. Above it, I proposed Tom's exercising his ingenuity to make a fanciful little log house in one part of which I might photograph, and where the women could wash. If we put up a Company House we would dig our foundation this autumn, and have our wood hauled this winter over the snow. I asked Tom whether a timber road couldn't be cut to the S. Mary's Road. He says Yes, it would shorten our hauling distance and be a pretty ride through the woods afterwards. Tuesday. Yesterday I rode with Tom to New Flanders, and on our return found Mrs. Totten ready to spend the afternoon. In the evening sewed while Tom wrote. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B27_F1_p017.jpg) W Today Tom went to Ridgway with the Judge, and will not be home till midnight or tomorrow morning We are to start for a week's sojourn in S. Mary's to- -morrow; I do not anticipate it with pleasure. In anticipation, Jane got up a grand washing and ironing, and I had to mind the babies all day long except for two hours and a half while I did some copying and writing for Tom. I also wrote to Bess. I am pretty tired and shall go to bed as soon as I have finished Tom's copying. Thursday Afternoon (S. Mary's Elk County.) August 26. Tom arrived on Tuesday Night just after I jumped into bed. He was very much relieved by the sight of the copying I had finished for him. It had been a per- -petual incubus, he said, never having time to finish it, and knowing it ought to be done. Yesterday morning we packed and started on our ter- -ribly fatiguing journey. The carriage broke down once, and the harness fell down at least twenty times. My bonnet ribbons were cut up for splices: we had nine on reaching S. Mary's. During the whole of the ride to New Flanders Tom was sick and depressed but he cheered up after our break down and but for the annoying accidents the afternoon would have been very pleasantly spent. Tom was very anxious to arouse my sympathies for the poor Germans, and was disappointed, I felt, when we came to the hill whence we were to ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B27_F1_p018.jpg) see our first of S. Mary's. To make up for the dis- -appointed look my cold praise had called into his dear face, I resolved to do my best to get on well with the people. This morning Mrs Luhr Junior offered to accompany me, as I wanted to do some shopping. So I wrote a long letter to Mother, and took it, with Tom's letters to Mrs Cumming, Col. Wm Cumming and B. Young, to post as we went along. (Mrs Luhr is the wife of "Charley Luhr" son of the inn- -keeper. He and his sister Josephine have both had a good education, and are fitted for a far better station than he at least occupies. He waits on table, and his wife acts as chambermaid, the mother and a lame brother cooking and baking. Their cookery by the bye is very nice, and their butter, purchased from young Mrs Luhr's mother, is delicious. —(By the bye she throws the butter into water twice, and presses out the buttermilk much more thoroughly than Mrs Wilcox does.) ) Well, we walked up the street among the scattered houses which Mrs L. told me were occupied by people of various trades who scarcely practised them having no market for their labor, and who escaped a miserable subsistence from their farms. Four shops have a pretty good trade, and one cabinet maker— four others don't attempt it. Then there is an organ builder, etc, etc- Poor little Mrs L. would walk with me though her first baby is coming either this week or next. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B27_F1_p019.jpg) So I hurried my shopping, and returned home, meeting a warm welcome from the babies. I then hemmed a veil, I had bought, and dined in my bedroom with Harry. Just after dinner little Mrs L. came in, offering to accom- -pany me to the convent, three quarters of a mile from here. I told her it was too far for her, so she disappeared and presently came back to say that both her husband and his mother said it would do her no harm to go. I therefore despatched Jane and the babies to buy the one an apron, the others a stick of candy as souvenirs of S. Mary's, and with Mrs L. turned in the opposite direction to gain the convent. Each house in S. M's is isolated from the others by a little enclosure sometimes of gardenpatch, sometimes waste land. The town goes up and down hill, and spreads quite a distance. There are several two story loghouses, and twelve or thirteen one and a half story frame houses. There is one of brick, two of the llght-coloured stone of the region, of which they have built themselves a church (,"the monu- -ment of S. Mary's” the priest told me) there is one house of ashlar work and the remainder all one story log houses. One of these little cottages looked very pretty. At the little gate stood two lofty poles bending together under the graceful influence of their hopvine burden. The little door yard as they call it was overgrown with gay sunflowers & hollyhocks, and the rough piazza had a creeping vine trailing over it. The little house itself had ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B27_F1_p020.jpg) been coloured with a creamy wash that looked extremely well, and there was a clean white curtain to the small-paned window that looked as if the people had meant to have some little effect produced. Leaving all these houses behind us, we turned the shoulder of the hill, and came on a windy clearing the barren soil peeping out perpetually from the scanty grasses. A little further, going up another hill we saw the roof of the convent, and a turn of the path brought us close to the buildings. They stand in a forlorn little vegetable patch with a trellis work summer house, surmounted by a cross and sadly in want of paint, keeping watch over it. The buildings are, a priest's house painted yellow once upon a time, and a medley of rickety clap -board erections, higgledy, piggledy, called the convent & convent-school. These, Mrs. Luhr said, were built "by littles and by littles, just as they could not do without them, and just as they could put them." They all had close wooden gratings shutting the poor brides of heaven out from its light, and were guiltless of paint. Blackened by exposure on the gaunt hill side, how desolate they looked. We had to go all round before we reached the little porch and pulled the string. Mysterious performance! Scarce two minutes had elapsed before the door opened by an invisible agency (save to those who saw the string that drew it back), and [-] I found myself for the first time within the precincts of a convent. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B27_F1_p021.jpg) There was a wooden grating on the right hand behind which appeared the honest German face of a lay-sister in her white headgear & black dress. Mrs Luhr asked for the Mother Superior, and while the nun went for her, we had leisure to survey the whole extent of the parloir. Its length was about six feet, and its width about five. There were two wooden chairs, and a table on one side, and a very rusty little iron stove completed the furniture. On the unpainted wooden walls hung a plaster (Nurem- -berg paste?) crucifix, an engraving of the Madonna), in a shabby frame, and a Tableau. Ordres Religieux Costumes de [-]emmes in which there was a ludicrous painfulness. It seemed such a solemn parody on the worldly gazette Le Follet, as though one were to publish Costumes de Cadavres de tous les pays. — A heavy foot now went plodding overhead, the thin board ceiling quivering as the substan- -tial person passed hither & thither, evidently smoothing the hair or something of the kind. Meantime Mrs. L. whispered that the Mother Superior was always ailing, something wrong with her lungs, "They was all ailing someways, 'cause they was all accustomed to exercise, and now they didn't get none at all." They used to have a Superior who had such a high temper that none of the nuns liked her. But she went off to Erie carrying the most skil- -ful nuns with her and all the little treasury of the house contained. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B27_F1_p022.jpg) 16 Now they had a new Superior with whom they were very pleased and contented. The nuns are from sixteen to about thirty years of age; these are twenty-five of them. The Superior now came in behind the grating and at Mrs L's request went for their work. She is about thirty with a round rosy face, a nubbly nose, and round protruding blue eyes. She is under Benedictine rule "not reformed Benedictine" as she carefully informed me. The dress is a gown of black serge with a long straight piece before and behind reaching from head to foot. On the head is a regular Middle Ages Gorget, over which a square of black stuff is thrown. She came in with another nun bringing their work. A little square of net worked (with darning cotton) in a pattern of grapevines for a chalice cover, a cushion for a pulpit, of canvas embroidered with an open book in gay Berlin wools, and trimmed with blue ribbon. A rocking chair cushion of black cloth beautifully embroidered in wools, and similar strips for a prie- -dieu chair. A pair of pictures, a Madonna and a Christ, the heads and arms cut out of coloured engravings and the clothes and surroundings worked in wools silk, beads and gold tinsel. A third picture, a Christ, with a great deal of tinsel. Mrs Luhr pulled my dress and whispered— "Oh do buy that, to help the poor souls!" I asked the ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B27_F1_p023.jpg) price. Only $40. I shook my head and said to Mrs Luhr– "I cannot buy that, I am not rich enough." They all looked chopfallen, and I felt flat and very uncomfortable. I selected the little chalice cover, the intrinsic value of which was about 3 cents– I paid a dollar for it. Then the Superior said— "If you would like to help the nunnery there are some grapesticks." As her English was oddly pronounced I fancied it was some fund to which I could contribute so I said – "Yes, I would like to give $5 to the grape sticks." The sister went out and brought in four branches covered with artificial vine leaves and grapes, to my surprise, and I then saw she meant me to buy them. She gave a gentle sigh and said "I will give you these for $5.50." So I bought them for the little church at Williams- -ville, and refused to be tempted by some "flower sticks or shoes." A girl who is to receive the habit as soon as the Father Abbot comes, was ordered to follow us with the "grapesticks" and we left the convent. I was so thankful to feel the fresh air ; I wondered they could endure the rule of never quitting the miserable little garden, while the glorious free mountains were all round them. I felt chilled and sad as I went away I have so seldom seen such cheerless hopeless poverty, and when I came home and met my rosy children bounding to greet me, I almost cried for thankfulness to Him who laid my life journey out as wife and ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B27_F1_p024.jpg) mother with kindly heart expanding duties instead of that "set gray life, and apathetic end." I was fortunately able to cure the poor convent-novice of a violent toothache to her great content. While I was working on the piazza two priests called, one of them the one who dined with us at Williamsville ~Tom came home from his West Creek Summits in time for tea, and spent the evening with the engineers. I spent mine as I did the one before sitting in my room till I was tired enough to go bed, Friday. A rainy day. Minded the babies a good deal, made a little shirt for Mrs Market's baby, wrote diary, finished Irving's "Astoria", and read some of the "Israel of the Alps". Tom was busy with the engineers, and with picking up stones at a certain place where he hopes to find a better vein of coal than the S. Mary's people have yet found. It is on the priests' estate, and so will probably help out those poor nuns. Tom spent the evening with me. Saturday August 28th, Pouring all the morning save for occa- sional ten minute lulls. In one of these we went to see the church, the largest one erected by [-] so small a com- -munity, in the country. It is of freestone, and quite wonderfully fitted up inside. There is a small organ which Tom tried, and pronounced very well toned, and they have subscribed for a $3000 one. On our return I sat down to my sewing again, packed, ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B27_F1_p025.jpg) and after dinner we started for home, Mrs. Luhr presenting us with two large sponge-cakes for our refreshment on the journey. It rained hard for about an hour after we started, but then cleared up beautifully and we enjoyed the drive very much. We stopped at the post office for letters, and had a grand supply— Two from Bess, two from Papa, two from Willie, and one announcing Charlotte's safe arrival. Besides, there were sundry newspapers, and two business letters for Tom. My letter from Papa enclosed a cheque for $50 for the poor people here. I was so glad to receive it. Sunday. Aug. 29th Raining again. I had to re-arrange my trunk. Learned several hymns, told Harry the story of Moses among the bulrushes, and read with Tom. Our sermon was upon tha "Sabbath - Its Sha[-] and Its Substance," and besides being interesting in itself, suggested materiel for a long talk on the way in which we would try to make Sundays happy days to the children. We talked of teaching them to keep a journal for Sundays of the week's doings and failings: of having good books and maps of the Holy Lands, &c &c One of my pleasantest childish recollections is of our sitting round the Everton fire at dusk on Sundays and repeating verses in turn from Papa and Mamma down to little Harry. "Little Harry," whose 20th birthday dawns tomorrow! ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B27_F1_p026.jpg) Another occupation is paraphrasing Bible stories; and I think Tom might tell them a story of his own or Elisha's adventures, or about our ancestors. Then there are a number of nice S. School Union stories. A walk with us, in which interesting stories of Natural History could be told them: all these are pleasures and might be reserved for Sundays. This evening little Harry asked me to let repeat "Little drops of water," which she did perfectly. Then she said her prayer, and afterwards part of "In summer on the headlands." She is learning it, and "One there is above all others." She came to me just now "I want to speak to you one moment, Mrs Kane." "Well, Harry?" "Pangousk kousk ye" "Why Harry what's that?" "Belgian, Mamma". "Who says so?" "Dowton says so." Tom asked her whom Dowton resembled. He's re image of his father, dear Papa." Finished "the Israel of the Aps"—a history of the Vaudois church. It might have been very interesting, but is written in too disjointed a manner. I had no idea that the church had existed so long. It is spoken of in the year A.D 800. I mean to keep a little account of the way in which Papa's $50 is spent to show him. I am going to give up my gentle Spanish, and to learn the harsh German for Christ's sake so that I may be able to understand the German's here, ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B27_F1_p027.jpg) and be able to relieve them better. I am also going to try again at the "Diseases of Women and Children", the Treatment of "Scrofula", and curing wounds. Scrofula is very prevalent here, I am sorry to say. All the diseases or rather disorders linked to constipation too. That reminds me that we are going to try dif- -ferent fruits here. Gooseberries, raspberries, strawberries, currants, & plums will probably do well here, and their extensive use would be well for the people's health. (Cranberries in the marsh?) Every one says this will make a good sheep-growing country.* By the bye, I have not yet said anything about Tom's plans of settling. He much prefers Dutch to Yankee settlers, as they try to improve instead of impoverishing the land. A Yankee squeezes all he can get out of his "location", and then "swaps it" for a new piece. A German makes it "Home" and coaxes Nature to do her best. Tom therefore means to try to get "German settler-current from S. Mary's. Their road is so badly engineered that the mountains between Elk Creek & [---]wany interpose a barrier to the settling up of the later stream which has narrow but quite rich flats. Now Tom finds that he could make a summit road for them going round the heads of, instead of descending into the valley of Power's Run which would save 50 cents a hundred on every load of goods to S. Mary's besides saving ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B27_F1_p028.jpg) the wear of horse flesh and vehicles. This would bring settlers into [---]wany, and so much nearer Williamsville. The next step would be to improve the road beyond New Islanders, which is atrocious. It can be improved either by following the summits on its present right hand (this however leads one to say, why not carry it off to the side of Clarion, which secures a good side hill road, and this would be fatal to poor Judge W.) or by keeping a side hill road along Johnson's Run. This would cause far more travel than they have at present. Now settlers would flow up towards their small chapel at the intersection of the S. Mary's Road and the turnpike. It is a little log building standing on a rising ground back from the road. We have already given it a standard crucifix, and the "grape sticks" and "chalice-coves" are for it. Tom proposes to try and give the remainder of the little piece down to the road. Then to give them the paint and nails to colour the church, and a neat fence. Then to let the priest preach a sermon in favour of the men turning into grub up the stumps, lay out the grave yard neatly, planting some healthy young trees, and making a nice gravel walk round it, and a good fence with a little gate with an arch and crucifix over it. Then he would cheapen a farm to a blacksmith ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B27_F1_p029.jpg) who would bring settler's there. Besides we would welcome the priest to our house. Near the church a road is laid down by Ricky Run to the "State Road". Tom would open this and so lead settlers down there. Beyond, on the State Road comes Buena Vista, where there are Germans already, and where the railroad may pass. After that, they will string along the projected road to Marsh's corners, which will fill up the unsettled S. W. warrants. *I made just now a suggestion to Tom wh. he treated as being good. They say the sheep if penned at night within a moveable fence, will enrich ground very much. I proposed that the Co. should stock some of the deserted impoverished farms with sheep and lease them to sheep farmers. The plan might be tried at first by sticking two, and hiring the shepherd, who might easily fence the farm also. When that farm is fenced and well manured, it, move the sheep to another, and so on. I think Tom's plans are first-rate. Thursday Evening. Have had a sprained wrist all this week. Can't write now. I am going to Smethport tomorrow with Tom for a day. Friday. Immediately after writing the above. I changed my mind, finding that I would either need to return at the cost of a special conveyance or else ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B27_F1_p030.jpg) be absent from the babies for three days. Dear Tom had returned through the sun from Smeth- -port with a riding horse, that I might have a pleas- ant trip there, partly riding, partly driving. The Company's Committee, whom he went to meet, were delayed by the death of a relative of Mr Dauson's but hope to arrive there this evening. His head ached badly so I sat by him with my knitting till he fell asleep. After tea I made him read a pleasant book for a little while, but he soon set to work for an hour and a quarter, and then we went to bed. I had a letter from Bessie, reproving my disorderli- ness. It was kindly meant, and kindly written, and though being a true charge, I felt a little sore upon the subject, I hope I will profit by it. It is a fault I am not ignorant of, but I have always given up in my numerous spasmodic efforts to correct it. I am not sure that I can do it, but I will try, please God. Tom took me a drive to Barnes's one afternoon, and while he has been away I have walked to Struble's, and to the Lee Lot. Saturday. A "muggy" day. Wrote to Mother, and a note to Bess, saying that I knew of the fault, etc. Tried to write it in a Christian spirit. Sewed and knitted, and minded babies. Last night was very lonely without Tom. I sat by myself ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B27_F1_p031.jpg) in the parlour and grieved over my want of tidiness, and made good resolutions. I hope they will be kept but I know how often I have made them! I am reading Shakspere over again — I have read The Tempest, Comedy of Errors, and Much Ado about Nothing. Since I came here I have read also The Westminster Review for July, Household Words (September) Astoria, Don Quixote (1st vol.) Israel of the Alps, — and sewed — six baby's chemises learned three new sew embroidery stitches, made Elisha a frock and an apron each for Harry and himself. Then I have done a good deal of darning and patching, and have written this much diary, a long paper for Tom, and have written about 25 letters. I have picked up as much housekeeping information as I could. It's very little for nearly three weeks work! I forgot — I am making fine crochet lace for Harry's drawers. I have about a yard and a half finished. Tuesday 7th Sept. On Sunday I did not feel well, so I rose somewhat cross. But it was an exquisite day and Judge Wilcox proposed his driving Mrs. W. and myself to meet the party whom we expected. I was on the point of refusing, but poor Mrs W's [-]agged face quite lighted up at the relaxation from her toiling life in which there is no Sunday rest. So we went. It was very sweet and fresh after the rains, and we enjoyed our drive to Lucas's very much. There was no sign of our party however, so we returned. After dinner I read a sermon, learned a psalm, and then fell ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B27_F1_p032.jpg) asleep as I had a bad headache. On Monday, Tom brought up his Committee, and we had a few very disagreeable days. Today, Thursday they are gone. They came up with a wonderful idea of the riches of the country and its wonderful farming lands. They had to be disabused, and the process was an unpleasant one. My head ached all the time, and poor Tom was fevered, and overfatigued. He fell over a stump in the woods, and hurt his lame foot, too. We have to give up our See Sot. The Committee came up prepared to have a "Company's House" where the Agent might live and take charge. They wanted an inferior house too, and behaved as though they must be on their guard lest the agent should get things out of them. So Tom just dropped the subject and leased Judge Wilcox's house, farm, and Lime Kiln Sot. We are to put the first year's rent (of $100) on in repairs and will make ourselves very comfortable and happy, I daresay. Saturday 11th September Usual jog trot. Nothing particular has happened. Tom is away at S. Mary's, and I have written to Mother and Harry Wood. Sunday September 12th We had letters from Mother, Pat, Bessie, John and Charlotte. At home they are very sad, and longing for us. Tom came home at suppertime with a bad headache but had no sooner read the letters than he insisted on my going home with Morton. I forgot to mention in my diary that he had con- ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B27_F1_p033.jpg) -fessed how dull he would be without us, and that on Wednesday we propose to go over to Brown's to board, as the Wilcoxes want to go to Nunda. We are to make far more repairs here I think than the $100 will cover. The judge wants a fence put up as far as the top of the hill, and while he wants external improvements, rather shrinks from internal ones. For my own part, I don't think that ought to be in our improvements, or rather repairs. Round the garden, yes, but along the farm, no. However, the ceilings must be re-plastered, some of the rooms re-papered, the piazza repaired, and either gutters and a vat put up to catch the rain-water or else an old well dug out. They are so ill off for water here in anything like a dry season. The garden fence must be renewed, and painted, and the house wants paint badly. The vegetable patch, and the garden want manure, and if half of these repairs come out of the hundred dollars I shall be surprised. My dear Tom has planned a hundred improvements, new rooms, etc. If we ever carry them out it must be in future years. We must buy our furniture and thus make some inroad upon our capital and I want to try hard to keep down our expenses. Our servants' hire and transportation will be very heavy, and my ignorance and stupidity will be expensive too. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B27_F1_p034.jpg) I wish I could keep Tom's spirits up! He works excessive- -ly hard, because it prevents him from thinking, and then during his forced intervals of rest, his spirits re-act, and he is profoundly sad. I hope he will not be very unhappy today, poor fellow. Sunday Afternoon. Dear Tom has been much more cheerful. We had our reading together and took two walks. Tuesday. Yesterday was pleasant too. I read part of Rousseau's Emile, which I have just begun, and darned some of Tom's stockings, which I finished today. I had a very pleasant drive with Tom to Mrs Market's to whom I carried the little shirts, and a paint-box for the children. She was very, very grateful, poor woman, and we felt very sorry for her in her poverty. We gave her $3 out of Papa's fund, for to aid in buying her kitchen stove. We returned home just in time to be sufficiently rested before dinner. Then Tom lay down and I read him to sleep, and darned until suppertime. As Tom's mare wanted shoeing we drove down the hill, and I took the opportunity to visit Mrs Howard. We came home through an exquisitely clear atmosphere, the moon and stars being unusually brilliant, and when we reached the top of the hill, the West was all one glowing glow of orange fading through green to the pure night-blue sky overhead. Read aloud to Tom for a little while in the evening. This morning Tom was away before six! ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B27_F1_p035.jpg) Cornelius came back yesterday, and he has probably taken the exploring party of engineers over the wrong summit. Else they have cheated in their measure- ments. Tom has gone to ascertain the truth. Another object of today's labour is to mark out the proper road for the St Mary's people round the heads of Powers' Run. The last time he was there, he went to tell them that he thought he could make the Committee give $500 towards repairing it by New Islanders if they advanced a similar sum. They were overjoyed, and he then promised he would cut out the new road at his own expense. He has also promised to try to make Postmaster Brown make theirs a mail-road. He is going to return tonight, but I am afraid he has undertaken far too much to do so, with- -out fatiguing himself cruelly. I darned all the morning, made a provisional bargain with Mrs Wilcox for carpets &c, wrote to Pat. After dinner I packed everything I could, made a list of the contents of our medicine chest which we may as well leave behind us, wrote diary, read the papers, and finished up my darning- Tom returned in the evening and I read aloud a little while to him. Wednesday. The blacksmith's wife, Mrs Totten, came to be taught crochet. Tom and Mr Wilcox made their bargain ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B27_F1_p036.jpg) and about eleven we started in a pouring rain for Mr Brown's. They give us a parlour, a large room opening off for the children, and a small one 8 by 7½ for us. I read to Tom in the evening. In the afternoon he wrote to Missrs. Struthers, Biddle, Burchard, and to Papa. Thursday. Tom wrote to Pat, and then started for his new S. Mary's road. I have begun a green frock for Harry. The weather is showery, and lowering. Friday Tom gave today to me. It rained all the forenoon but we were busy and did not mind that, and after dinner we drove to Buena Vista. In the evening read to Tom. Saturday Tom passed a bad night. This morning he and I rode on horseback through the woods to Johnson's and our own Luce Lot. A beautiful place it is, and a delightful ride and happy morning I enjoyed. The afternoon was passed sitting by Tom and reading him to sleep. I think he probably passed over another of those fits of stupor, as he did the day we went to S. Mary's. Sebastian Retzer came to see about some difficulty about his land in the evening. Tom gave Jeff. Brown $60. Sunday 19th Dear Tom and I had a happy Sunday stroll through the woods, gathering sweet white violets, repeating Herbert's "Sunday", and divesting ourselves of weekday thoughts. After dinner I read the History of the Reformation, and fell asleep over it! Tom is going to breakfast with the Wilcoxes tomorrow, on his way to Marvin Creek. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B27_F1_p037.jpg) 20th September Monday. Read little, sewed, finishing Harry's green frock; wrote a long letter to Helen and one to Mother from whom we had nice letters, as well as one to me from Papa, and from Wm Cumming to Tom. 21st Tuesday. Lately I have been puzzled by two questions of a divided duty. One of them is, that I am very well aware of my disorderliness. Even Tom has to acknowledge it. He says that I gave my time instead to helping him with his papers, and that it was a far more important thing to do so, than to care for a neatness which any servant could attend to. That is partly true, but I daresay my Pho- -tography took up the time I ought to be neat in. I am sure I ought to be neat, and I am sure I ought to help my darling with his papers, as much as ever I can. I am not sure about photographing. Spare half-hours cannot be given to it, it demands great part of the day. Will it do for me to make a rule never to photo- -graph any day unless my room and clothes are in order, and Tom does not want my services? My second puzzle is this: We have spent a great deal since we left Philadelphia, Tom says, by the time we reach home a whole year's salary will be gone. Nearly $158 it is true are invested in furniture, hay, etc, for next year. Still, we have most of our furnishing to do, our repairs, our servants' hire and board—in short, our utmost efforts cannot prevent our entrenching on our principal. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B27_F1_p038.jpg) The other day we drove to Buena Vista, and fell into conversa- -tion upon our affairs. Tom said we must also have a carriage and pair, a riding horse, and two saddles, and that he had ordered a man to build a large new room at Judge Wilcox'es. I tried to dissuade him, but he shewed me that our carriage and horse hire here would soon run up to the cost of a carriage, and a horse to match our Frank. I yielded therefore in this. The riding horse, I cannot see as anything but a luxury. About the new room, he said, he could not have me living in a doggery. I said I liked our little old room, it was very comfortable. But he told me, that he had never mentioned to me how he had been obliged to train himself before he could endure its closeness, and that his Mother with her sense of smell would find it in- -tolerable. He reminded me that I was no housekeeper, and that even our large room at home, and the nursery, I suf- -fered to become so that she would sometimes turn her own servants in, to scrub and clean the rooms thorough- -ly. I write this down that the pain it gave me to hear it from his lips, and to know it to be true, may help me to do better in future. He said I had never known what it was to be sick away from home shut up in a close little hole of a room, and that for the sake of sickness also we must have this room. We must also, he said, have an icehouse for Mother. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B27_F1_p039.jpg) My plan was, that this first expensive year, we should have no guests at all. I thought that I should thus be able to get into housekeeping harness, struggle through my blunders and mistakes with no one to see them, and, I hoped the next year would see me better able to manage. Tom says that having Bessie and Mother he should feel more free in staying during the winter of [--]rn Rock. He said, if I did not have them, would I not have Harry Wood to keep me company? No, I said, I did not want people to keep me cheerful. But, from the way he reverted to it, I suddenly saw, what my blind selfishness had hitherto overlooked, that the poor fellow himself wanted the comfort of having his family round him. I can, I know, soon conquer my touchiness on the sub- -ject of housekeeping, so I would willingly give way and have them all, but for two things. First, I cannot think it right to go to that expense, next, I think he forgets when he is away, how much his nerves suffer for the quiet mountain life. If I cannot make him happy, I can at least make him peacefully quiet, and his health gains by it. However he said I must make up my own mind, and not vex him with such matters. He frets over our smaller means, I find, poor fellow. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B27_F1_p040.jpg) If it were only on my account, Heaven knows how light- -hearted and content I am in my "doggery" and how little I want to go back. Sunday. Last week chronicles my first rides on horseback. I went with Tom to the "Luce Lot" one of our own pieces of land, or rather Elisha's, and had a delightful time. I had too my first day of sickness up here, fortu- nately when Tom was away. On Friday came a letter and cipher from B.Y. wh. I spent the evening in making out. On Wednesday I had a long walk in the woods with Miss Brown. Poor Tom was thrown from his horse going down a moun- -tain slope, and much bruised, on Thursday. I had a nice walk with Tom. He wanted to see Weidert about our chapel improvement, and Stolz about the new Islanders road, but save these two interruptions we were walking quietly through our sweet woods. It is very tranquil and peace ful here, I hope I am gaining strength for the winter. Looking over my diary I see how happy I have been though my plans as respects our See Lot house are no longer possible. Sunday October 2nd The past has been a very quiet week. I have not felt as if there were anything to write about. Yesterday Tom was at S. Mary's and Ridgway, the day before at S. Mary's and New Islanders. Thursday he spent at home, warrant hunting. Wednesday, he spent at Ridgway. I forget the events! of Monday and Tuesday. I have had ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B27_F1_p041.jpg) a severe cold all the week which has perhaps made me even more stupid than usual. I have mended and darned as usual, read "Dr Thorne". I have made up a little blue frock for Elisha, and made crochet lace for another pair of drawers for Harry Sunday October 10th. I was disappointed by a very cloudy sky last night from seeing our beautiful comet in its fullest loveliness. I shall never see it again. How seldom we can so forcibly realise that in these short lives of ours an opportunity missed is lost, past recall, and comes not again. I have not written except on Sundays for two weeks. The last week has been one of storms, wind, rain, snow, and thunder. I fancied Harry Croupy at one time, but she seems well enough. Tom has been overworked, and looks thin. We had a very long walk yesterday evening (2½ miles) after the rain ceased, to Sebastian Retzers. We found a beautiful specimen of lepidodendron in one of the upper white sandstones, which was of some geological importance (By the bye, I happen to be reading Sesley's "Coal and Its Topography) The afternoon was wild and sad. Tier on tier of gray cloud scudded across the cold blue sky, and the hemlocks looked black as in a photograph, while the ground was strewed with the draggled leaves of the deciduous trees, which the chilly wind ever and anon showered across the way. Once as we stood we heard the rustle of some wild animal, once the distant bark of a dog, and part of the ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B27_F1_p042.jpg) road lying through the forest we were accompanied in it by the sound of the woodsman's axe, not ringing cheerfully as it does on a bright sunshiny day, but prolonged by the echoes in a most dismal manner. One only lifelike sight greeted us. There is a most forlorn little bit of half-grown-up again clearing on which a squatter has built a shanty. To The windiest side of the house they have sheltered a little more by stuffing rags between the boards but on the other sides you can see out to the woods beyond through the gaps as you ride past. The Company talk of evicting these people I believe. At the window As we plashed home through the mud, a little face framed by its flaxen curls, was pressed against the window panes, in admiration of my bright-plaid shawl. The little face was like a light in the gray dull evening—it so shines, the only brightness my remembrance of the walk can recall. Today we went in the other direction, a little way up the St Mary's road, and Tom found lime in Weidert's hill. I told Tom I felt like giving up keeping a diary, but he re-persuaded me. We were talking over what we must do this winter. I do not think there is much use in forming plans if we are to judge from the difference between what we planned, and what we did last winter. However we determined on giving up our evenings to Mother and Bess and that Tom should oftener be with Pat. Also we spoke of studying together at the Library. [The following line is written vertically on the left side of the page] Sept 30/59 Passed the same house. The squatter has been evicted. An old rusty stove and a few beams are all that is left of the house ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B27_F1_p043.jpg) Tom intends passing a fortnight in 16th Street. But he thinks it better for me to remain at home. Tom did intend to send us home by ourselves on Wednesday, but now he proposes starting with us tomorrow week. I shall be very glad to get home as the weather threatens to be very inclement, and I am anxious about the children. I am very thankful I did not go home and leave Tom alone here as he urged. He would have been miserably lonely. Wednesday. October 13. Tom was away at Straight Creek on Monday. Yesterday, Election day we passed at Judge Wilcox's. The stormy autumn weather has come in earnest. Yester- day was horribly stormy, so was today though poor Tom made an early start for [---]wany. I have been amusing myself lately in writing scraps of descriptions of Elk County to please Tom. I am in the third volume of D'Aubigne's Reformation, and we are reading Hepworth Dixon's Life of Penn, the latter peculiarly interesting. I am glad to be able to like Penn so much. There is no news from home today. Sunday. Tom made a great over exertion on Wednesday so that Thursday had to be spent at home. Friday he went to Buena Vista, Saturday he started for Shippen, Shipping they call it here. He intends to return tomorrow night. He has had two days of beautiful Indian Summer weather, but they say it is brewing for a storm. He has been looking unwell all the week, and Elisha is very far from well. Harry looks heavy and sickly too. I wish we were safe at home. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B27_F1_p044.jpg) 38 We strolled out this morning, and gathered calamites and stig- maria roots. Last night I fell asleep to wolf music for the first time. Jane says the people here say they would rather starve than take boarders again—the trouble is so great. I do not think they are likely ever to have boarders who pay so much and give so little trouble. We have but one fire, Jane brings the wood and attends to it, and keeps her nursery in order. They don't even wash or provide the nursery with towels. There are four of them, yet my bed remains unmade till noon often. Scarcely a day passes that there are not hairs in the food. Elisha's milk is half boiled—they are huffed when I ask ever so mildly to have the next better done, and boil it for hours till the poor boy can't touch it.—This seems very grum- bly but I think I have held my tongue to Tom which is the main thing, and he fortunately imagines things very clean. I hope we'll get cannily away, and—I hope never to stay here again. I am uneasy about my dearest. He works so very hard, and I cannot prevent it. Sometimes I wonder whether if we had adhered to ordinary customs and lived entirely in our own house he would not have become accustomed to depending less on his family, and felt their loss less. I do not know how to com- -fort him. He has not the comfort of realising a future meeting with them, and so loses a chief consolation. If he does not work too hard to retain any feeling when he goes to bed, but one of extreme exhaustion, he lies awake grieving most of the night. He longs for home, but is scarcely much stronger than when he left, and I suppose we must expect a winter of ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B27_F1_p045.jpg) alternate overwork and mental misery. God give me strength to help him, and influence to restrain him from doing too much. I can't wonder that he does grieve. How even I could mourn for my dear kind friend if I did not need my best cheerfulness for his wife and children. Poor Mother! She chafes and frets against her mortal prison, as my darling does, and how lonely she must be. Sometimes it seems as if it were selfish to wish to keep them here. Poor Mother said to me one day this summer, as she came in towards evening from the garden—"It is a constant disappointment to me when night comes. I can't help wr feeling, every piece of work I do in the day, as if he would come home in the evening, and I want everything nice for him. When you've done everything for thirty years looking for the opinion of one person you can't imagine what a terrible blank there is now. And I don't realise it all yet!" And then with a sigh she went away. May God help me never to be forget- -ful of her desolation! How often I am so, how unfeeling to her. May I be forgiven. I can fancy how she feels for I know the sweetness of having the loving sym- -pathy and praise of a dear husband in every act. I am glad that my worst sorrow, and which I am told I must again go through—it is my chief duty to avoid thinking of or recalling. Oh Heavenly Friend at whose feet I may lay down all the anxieties and fears with which I ought not to burden my dear companion what should I do but for thy love which enables me ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B27_F1_p046.jpg) to lay me down and sleep in peace. Thou Lord only makest me to dwell in safety. Sunday afternoon. Rousseau advises the bringing up of children in the country on account of the peacefulness of the peasantry There are four houses in the Hollow. Mrs Tolten is at variance with the I'alls, so are the Howard's, Mrs Hart beat his wife who took refuge at I'all's and they are all at dagger point. Next come the Jackson's who are at feud with E Burlingame who is at feud with the Markets and J. Burlingame. Then Mrs Hoyt is married to Mr H. without her parent's consent, the two Retzer's are at variance—so far as I know every one hates every one else. What a pity it is! I wish we could help to make peace! Tom gave up the question of an addition to the house, for the present. I am heartily glad. Before I go away let me see what I have read and sewed here Books Read. Things Sewed Rousseau's Emile 5 Aprons D'Allbigne's Reformation 4 vols 6 Baby's Chemises. Several of Shakspere's Plays 3 " De Laine Frocks. Dixon's Life of Penn Croch'ed Lesley's Manual of Coal Lace for two pair sleeves Hills of the Shatemuc Three " pantalettes Dr Thorne Darned and mended Little Dorrit For ourselves & babies including Irving's Astoria 16 Darns in one pair of trousers Israel of the Alps 2 Patches in ditto. Several Reviews, Magazines & Newspapers ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B27_F1_p047.jpg) This is very little for five weeks work, I fear. I have written about five letters a week, and done some little copying for Tom, but that's all. Monday November 1st Fern Rock. We reached here on Saturday week but I have had no time to write. It seems as if there were a great number of visitors, but I imagine it is only because we have grown accustomed to our mountain solitude. Then I have had unpacking to do, etc, etc. Now I only—I was interrupted here, and resume on Wednes- -day evening. I have a stupefying cold, and have not written any letters nor regularly begun my ordinary occu- pations yet. I finished embroidering a petticoat for "Ly-ly" and began a canton flannel night dress, helped Bess at the sewing machine, arranged Tom's clothes and minded babies the rest of the day. Tom and I had an unex- -pected talk on Tuesday. I spoke of the chance of Mothers living in town, and said I did not think so large a household could be a happy one, and that I thought we had better not be in the same house. Tom said then, that one by one everything that made Elk County nearer ho[---] than the real Far West was gone—there was no need of living in a poor new country when we could live in a rich one. I asked him to give me a definite plan. He proposed three: To buy coal lands at I'raser's River, and supply the Pacific Steamers to go somewhere in the neighborhood of S. Bernadino, and cultivate the vine: finally, he said, to colonise one of the Central American States with Mormons, and be Protector. This, he said was Turn 2 pages ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B27_F1_p048.jpg) Memorandum Judge Wilcox will ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B27_F1_p049.jpg) Memorandum Judge Wilcox will insure the premises for himself. When all ask all repairs the house and puts up the new building, he is to set in new posts for the fencing in front of the house (the yard fence) under Judge Wilcox's direction. The rest of the rent may be refunded upon the house. Mr. Kane however will make the general repairs of the fencing in the Spring himself. Agreement of Lease Judge Wilcox lets his house barn & premises and farm on the North side of the Smethport & Milesboro turnpike, 125 acres cleared, to Thomas L. Kane for one year from December 1. next, for One Hundred Dollars which Mr. Kane may expend in repairs as agreed upon above. It is understood however that in case Judge Wilcox shall sell his place, Mr. Kane will give possession at any time on Six months notice. Mr. Kane is at liberty to quarry and burn lime at discretion on the Lime Kils Lot, engaging to display the Stratum of Limestone to advantage rather than otherwise, and also to have the use of the premises if he likes. But it is understood that he is to give up possession at any moment when required without consideration W.P. Wilcox ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B27_F1_p050.jpg) now open to him. I refused all three, I believe rightly. I told him how happy and contented we were in Elk County, etc etc. ~ This ink is so bad, I can't write. Sunday November 7th.(?) Last week I seemed to do nothing, per- -haps because there was so much to do. Friday I spent in town. I made a skeleton suit for the night for Harry, 2 flannel petticoats, and a double wrapper. I neither read nor wrote all the week. Tom and I are trying to spend our evenings downstairs, though while the Van Reusselaers are here one can't settle down much. Charlotte wants Harry Wood to pay a visit here. I think she had better wait till Mother recovers the effect of her visitors. This was Jane's day out so I had the children to mind. I must record some of Harry's goodnesses. She had to take turpentine three days running. The first two days we got it down by force. The third she kicked so that the dose was spilled. I merely said "Oh Harry, Lottie wouldn't have done that. She would just have opened her little mouth and taken it down." (Lottie is a character I tell her stories about) Mother "Let me go and get another dose?" "Yes, Mother, and I'll seep it." And "seep it" she did without a shudder, and took a dose of castor oil next day just as readily. She was so delighted when I said "Mother is as proud of you as if you were Lottie herself." Elisha got down stairs by himself when no one was looking, for the first time, today. I have been reading Robertson's Sermons, and Wilson's Sacra Privata today, and trying to think good thoughts. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B27_F1_p051.jpg) Among other things I have been reminding myself how good God has been in giving us our present situation. We have enough if rightly guided. But in that his Agreement of Lease Judge Wilcox lets his house barn & premises and farm on the North side of the Smethport & Milesboro' turnpike (125 acres cleared) to Thomas L. Kane for one year from December 1st. next for One Hundred Dollars which Mr. Kane may expend in repairs as agreed upon above. It is un derstood however that in case Judge Wilcox shall sell his place, Mr Kane will give possession at any time on six months notice. so much! I pray Him to give me wisdom to economise properly. ~ Sometimes dear Tom, for my sake, chafes at our narrowed means, and says "Fancy us growing old, helpless and poverty-stricken." But in the first place we gain health there, so do our children. Then Tom has time to study Geology, and Engineering. Thirdly, I am able to enter into his pursuits, and to help him a little. Fourthly our, his I mean, occupation leads him into friendly relations with a host of poor people, and besides we are very happy up there. God takes better care of us than we could of ourselves. I am a little puzzled to know how to be charitable because we are spending necessarily for the present more than our income. Tom gave $10 to a poor Mr Allen a clergyman. I shall try to participate in it ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B27_F1_p052.jpg) by making my old cloak do. I think perhaps that as Tom knows better when and where to give than I do, that the best thing I can do is to stretch our means as far as they will go in other things. Sunday again. I have found no time to write all the week though I seem to have done nothing. Monday I made two pictures—the house, of course, and Bridget standing by our little carriage. Tuesday Mrs Mitchels spent with us, and I began a frock for Harry. Wednesday Tom took me in town to the Franklin Institute, and I completed H's frock. Thursday Walter and Sabrina spent here, Friday and Saturday I went through a number of E.K.K's papers, and succeeded I hope in finding some useful ones for autographs. I also found an important letter from Mr Dobbin. Today I minded the babies, read, and walked with Tom and wrote to Harry. After dinner walked to church with J.P.G. and enjoyed it much. Friday Evening November 19. I am almost sorry that I have leisure to write because it is that my dear husband is away. I miss him so much though he only went away today, and hopes to be home on Sunday. Besides Elisha is coughing in his sleep with that hoarse sound that terrifies me. I pray God to let it pass off! Oh I dread croup so much. May He take care of my little one, for Christ's sake. Amen! My hands are so cold with fright. I wonder if when I have prayed as earnestly as I have done, whether I ought to try to dismiss my anxiety, or only try to be resigned if it does come! I hope it won't come! I don't want to shut the babies up ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B27_F1_p053.jpg) in the house every cold day, yet if I am afraid of croup I shall surely be doing it. I have made the little fellow warm drawers-and-body-together of canton flannel, and I don't know what else to do. And Tom away too! I rely so much on his presence of mind. Yesterday was my very busy Thanksgiving Day. I had so much to be thankful for. Health and a competence we have, healthy children, and a healthy occupation. And oh the change from this day last year! Thank God! Saturday Evening. I slept very little last night from anxiety but my boy was spared from croup, thank God. I offered mother to run a row of stitching round a comfortable she was quilting for John, and it occupied me till near 12 this morning. Afterwards I did my best to copy one of Johns Tom's maps till dinner time. In the afternoon knitted on Harry's hood. In the evening read papers from the Essays of Elia to Mother and made the skirt of a brown frock for Ly-ly. Sunday. Tom returned from Washington. He did not see the President though he called twice. The Prest. said he wanted to have a lengthened interview which Tom did not care to stay long enough to grant. He went on, first to see Mr B. in favor of Mr Plitt, then to see if he could obtain information about E.K.K's accounts. He did little with respect to these two subjects except gaining a bit of what vouchers were not in the Departments files of E.K.K's account. But he had a most singular conversation with Attorney. Gen. Black. He went, intending merely to discuss Utah affairs. Mr Black soon disposed of them, and began on ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B27_F1_p054.jpg) the subject of the "Sunbury & Erie fraud". He said that the passing of that Bill in our State Senate enabling giving the State Canals to the S. & E. had been obtained by fraud, and gave Tom the names and proofs showing how many dis- -tinguished State politicians were "bought". "Now," he said, "the author of the Discourse on the Mormons can write a pamph- -let that will do the work of itself (i.e. expose the fraud)—and rally the party—rally the State—and place himself at the head of it without the support given him by others, but "which he may rely upon his receiving." He then said that the party had no head now Buckalew having lost his health and gone on a mission to Ecuador—If the Judge had lived he would most probably have been named for next President. Upon whom would his mantle fall? [You say, you will accept no office—Pardon me, Tom interrupted—I] When you speak as if you would refuse office— Pardon my interrupting you, Sir, said Tom, I do not speak of my personal purposes, but what I do is to authorise you should you hear anything of the kind in a certain quarter to reiterate my refusal of last summer which I hope may be taken once for all. Black continued—It's the same thing—you will accept no office, and your absence from here in your country's ser- -vice last year enabled you to remain unpledged to any set of measures; this, and your wonderful personal influence of which I myself now feel the effect—fit you to be Head of the Party.—He then went on to show Tom some influences he had in quarters he had not thought of—Tom's reply to all was merely that he thought ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B27_F1_p055.jpg) he had now done enough for the country, that he must take care of his health and fortunes—and felt no call to assume the position. His conclusion was that he would keep himself sufficiently in with the Administration to be able to watch their course in Mormon affairs, but not to pledge himself to them, as Douglas' and he feel in the same way on many points. Neither can he altogether agree with Douglas.—Mr Black was evidently sounding him to report to Buchanan—they will not mention his services in the Message lest they should strengthen a Dou- -las-ite: they would do anything to understand this curious and singular phenomenon—a man trying to be a Christian citizen. They say I have no ambition, certainly I would not care to have Tom a Major, General, Ambassador, Prince or President but I would like to have his services recognised in the Message, dearly. And I do feel gratified by remaining in the tub to the exquisite puzzling of The Government. From the height of our mountains—simple Agent of a Land Company salaried at a thousand a year—I do feel fine to look down on the President trying to tempt Tom. Ambition, yes I've plenty, I know—and its out now; I wouldn't stoop to be Queen of Europe and America when I can be Tom's wife, in the fullest sense, of heart and mind and soul-friend. And I want Tom to adhere to the higher Administration under which he may be proud to take the lowest post.—Tom gives me a motto to close the subject with ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B27_F1_p056.jpg) as far as our own comfort and pleasure are concerned. "Cur valle permutem Sabina divitas operosiores." Thursday November 25. Lyly two years old today. Thank God for the dear blessing. May I be a good mother to him. On Tuesday I went in town to the dentist's and was sorry to hear hints from Tot that Willie was worse. I have written to Papa to know what is the matter. In the meantime I cannot help fretting. Poor dear dear Willie! Sunday December 5. Willie is better again, thank God. Tom has been busy writing a memorial. He went carefully through mother's accounts for years back—and ascertained that while in the country the four summer months cost about as much as all the others put together. He also ascertained that to live out here all the year round would cut in heavily into the principal of mother's estate. He said there were two plans—either for Mother and Bess to board in town or for her to rent the place during the summer months. staying with us during that time. The rent would pay the house keeping during the rest of the winter. So much for their affairs—they are under discussion at present. As to our own, Tom has bought $1200 worth of land from Mr. Struthers. This reduces our income to $1363 and it will be hard to live within it I fear. Yet such a sum sounds amply sufficient. I will do my best. To leave such matters—about Sundays. Tom is away at the House of Refuge today. I am afraid I don't keep Sunday as well as I used to do! Dear Tom and I used to make good resolutions for the week, ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B27_F1_p057.jpg) and then look back and criticise our performance. Cannot those days return? I know some of my failings very well, but do not cure them I fear. I think that this last week I have not done my best to uphold Tom's spirits about our future. Friday 10th Dec. I get no time to write. Here is the Presidents Message in which he makes mention of Tom. Very well? Compare with it Brigham Young's action. Last may before his return, Tom drew drafts on Pat for $1200. They were never presented. After various attempts to get them, Tom lately applied to old Dr Bernhisel the Utah delegate who after much pressing produced the following letter. It had been in his pocket since Ma[-]uitte orders not to deliver it unless pressed hard. The original and the receipt for the money wh. Tom forced Bernhisel to take, together with a copy of B's letter to Gov. Young narrating the circumstance are in the gray Family Book Great Salt Lake City U. T. May 12th 1858 My dear Colonel, Enclosed please accept the return of your drafts upon R.P. Kane Esqre of Philadelphia. In remembrance of our cor- -dial friendship I am sure you will not deny me the favor of having extended to you the scanty hospitality of our [The following is a newspaper clipping posted to the left of the page] The present condition of the Territory of Utah, when contrasted with what it was a year ago, is a subject for congratulation. It was then in a state of open rebellion, and, cost what it might, the character of the Government required that this rebellion should be suppressed, and the Mormons compelled to yield obedience to the constitution and the laws. In order to accomplish this object, as I informed you in my last annual message, I appointed a new Governor instead of Brigham Young, and other Federal offi- cers, to take the place of those who, consulting their personal safety, had found it necessary to withdraw from the Territory. To protect these civil officers, and to aid them as a posse comitatus in the execution of the laws in case of need, I ordered a detachment of the army to accompany them to Utah. The necessity for adopting these measures is now demonstrated. On the 15th September, 1857, Governor Young is- sued his proclamation, in the style of an independent sovereign, announcing his purpose to resist by force of arms the entry of the U. States troops into our own Territory of Utah. By this he required all the forces in the Territory to "hold themselves in readiness to march at a moment's notice, to repel any and all such invasion," and established martial law from its date throughout the Territory. This proved to be no idle threats. Forts Bridger and Supply were vacated and burnt down by the Mormons, to deprive our troops of a shelter after their long and fatiguing march. Orders were issued by Daniel H. Wells, styling himself "Lieutenant General, Nauvoo Legion," to stampede the animals of the United States troops on their march, to set fire to their trains, to burn the grass and the whole country before them on their flanks to keep them from sleeping by night surprises, and to blockade the road by felling trees, and destroying the fords of rivers, &c., &c., &c, These orders were promptly and effectually obeyed. On the 4th October, 1857, the Mormons captured and burned on Green River, three of our supply trains, consisting of seventy-five wagons loaded with pro- visions and tents for the army, and carried away several hundred animals. This diminished the supply of provisions to materially that General Johnston was obliged to reduce the ration, and even with this precaution, there was only sufficient left to subsist the troops until the first of June. Our little army behaved admirably in their encamp- ment at Fort Bridger, under these trying privations. In the midst of the mountains, in a dreary, unsettled, and inhospitable region, more than a thousand miles from home, they passed the severe and inclement winter without a murmur. They looked forward with confidence for relief from their country in due season, and in this they were not disappointed. The Secretary of War employed all his energies to forward them the necessary supplies, and to muster and send such a military force to Utah as would ren- der resistance on the part of the Mormons hopeless and thus terminate the war without the effusion of blood. In his efforts he was efficiently sustained by Congress. They granted appropriations sufficient to cover the deficiency thus necessarily created, and also provided for raising two regiments of volunteers, "for the purpose of quelling disturbances in the Ter- ritory of Utah, for the protection of supply and emi- grant trains, and the suppression of Indian hostilities of the frontiers." Happily, there was no occasion to call these regiments into service. If there had been, I should have felt serious embarrassment in selecting them, so great was the number of our brave and pa- triotic citizens anxious to serve their country in this distant and apparently dangerous expedition. Thus it has ever been, and thus may it ever be! The wisdom and economy of sending sufficient re- inforcements to Utah are established, not only by the even, but in the opinion of those who from wheir position and opportunities, are the most capa- ble of forming a correct judgment. Gen. Johnston the commander of the forces, in addressing the Sec- retary of War from Fort Bridger, under date of Oc- tober 18, 1857, expresses the opinion that "unless a large force is sent here, from the nature of the coun- try, a protracted war on their (the Mormons) part is inevitable." This he considered necessary, to ter- minate the war "speedily and more economically" than if attempted by insufficient means. In the meantime, it was my anxious desire that the Mormons should yield obedience to the constitution and the laws, without rendering it necessary to resort to military force. To aid in accomplishing this object, I deemed it advisable, in April last, to despatch two distinguished citizens of the United States, Messrs. Powell and McCulloch, to Utah. They bore with them a proclamation addressed by myself to the inhabitants of Utah, dated on the sixth day of that month, warning them of their true con- dition, and how hopeless it was on their part to per- sist in rebellion against the United States, and of- fering all those who should submit to the laws a full pardon for their past seditions and treasons. At the same time, I assured those who should per- sist in rebellion against the United States, that they must expect no further lenity, but look to be rigor- ously dealt with according to their deserts. The in- structions to these agents, as well as a copy of the proclamation, and their reports, are herewith sub- mitted. It will be seen by their report of the 3d of July last, that they have fully confirmed the opinion expressed by Gen. Johnston in the previous October, as to the necessity of sending reinforcements to Utah. In this they state that, they "are firmly impressed with the belief that the presence of the army here and the large additional force that had been ordered to this Territory, were the chief inducements that caused the Mormons to abandon the idea of resisting the au- thority of the United States. A less decisive policy would, probably, have resulted in a long, bloody and expensive war." These gentlemen conducted themselves to my en- tire satisfaction, and rendered useful services in exe- cuting the humane intentions of the Government. It also affords me great satisfaction to state that Governor Camming has performed his duty in an able and conciliatory manner, and with the happiest effect. I cannot, in this connection, refrain from men- tioning the valuable services of Colonel Thomas L. Kane, who, from motives of pure benevolence, and without any official character or pecuniary compen- sation, visited Utah during the last inclement winter, for the purpose of contributing to the pacification of of the Territory. I am happy to inform you, that the governor and other civil officers of Utah, are now performing their appropriate functions without resistance. The au- thority of the constitution and the laws has been fully restored, and peace prevails throughout the Territory. A portion of the troops sent to Utah are now en- camped in Cedar Valley, forty-four miles southwest of Salt Lake City; and the remainder have been or- dered to Oregon to suppress Indian hostilities. The march of the army to Salt Lake City, through the Indian Territory, has had a powerful effect in re- straining the hostile feelings against the United States, which existed among the Indians in that re- gion, and in securing the emigrants to the far West against their depredations. This will also be the means of establishing military posts and promoting settlements along the route. I recommend that the benefits of our land laws and pre-emption system be extended to the people of Utah, by the establishment of a Land Office in that Territory. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B27_F1_p058.jpg) mountain home; nor feel offended at what I consider a just though exceedingly poor remuneration for many very great favors. May the peace of Heaven dwell with you and every mem- -ber of your good and highly esteemed house. Ever and most sincerely, Your friend, (Signed) Brigham Young Set me also write down the doings of another Mormon. Who is the D.H. Wells mentioned in the message, I asked Tom. I did not like him much, he replied. He rode 20 miles on my road back with me and on parting dropped something heavy in my lap and rode off uni not stopping for all my shouts. I had to give it to Mrs Cumming to take back to him. It was a chronometer watch worth at least $500 with a heavy chain and seals the latter his own daily wear —So much for the Mormons. For the message they say the Kanes are the only family in the country two of whose members have been mentioned in presidential messages. But what is there in State-cra[--] can make it the duty of the Chief Magistrate of as great a nation as this to palm on the world a perverted statement of facts. He actually praises the drunken and brutal wretches who he knows gave Tom [-]eset to as much trouble as the Mormons. Sunday Dec, 13. Last night the study—floor took fire from the heat of the low hearth. Pat and Tom were fortunately on hand and put it out though at the expense of the hearth and the ceiling of the room below. Today Tom rode in to the ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B27_F1_p059.jpg) House of Refuge. Jane has gone to church and what with want of sleep, dusting and tidying the rooms and minding the children I am almost too tired to write. Yesterday they were discussing the conduct of a gen- -tleman who had not challenged another when they deemed it necessary. I have been considering the subject anxiously, for Lyly's sake. I can see that it may be essential that a finished man of the world may be a duellist, but no shadow of reason that a Christian should. I want Elisha to be a good shot, and wrestler as I would like him to excel in any manly exercise, and the consciousness of ability may help him to main- -tain the much greater courage of braving the world's tongue if he should be called a coward. Tom thinks a man has to fight in some cases. I do not. Yesterday I tried those maps again in vain. Evening. Tom and Mother had a talk. I guess Mother will go to board in town. Tom and I must take up our abode in Elk County and board somewhere in winter. Where and how? Sunday December 26. Christmas is over, a sad one to all, probably our last at Fern rock. Willie arrived at New York lately. Wrote to Papa, M. Yan R. etc. Monday. I printed a pretty little view of the house, Bess knitting, and several others. Tuesday. Photographed a splendid! picture of the house on the veranda side. Went to bed with a headache. Wednesday. Catalogued contents of top closets, tidied study, and added accounts for the year. I am sorry to say our expenses though we have been very economical, at least we thought so, are nearly $1900. Our clothing has cost only $350 at the outside. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B27_F1_p060.jpg) Thursday. Attacked a huge heap of our own particular papers and worked until compelled by giddiness and headache to give up. My idea is to get Elisha's papers and Tom's so arranged that Tom can take up each catalogued package in turn and run his eye over them with much less confusion of mind than if he began on the unassorted heap. After dinner took care of the children till tea time. At teatime Tom came home and was gratified by Elisha's delight on seeing him. Read aloud in the evening. Friday. Tom staid in bed with a headache part of the day so that I kept with him when not busy with the children. I tried to sew in the machine but it made my headache. I was much interested by my old diary. I wish I had kept this more fully! This is the last day of the old year, and I cannot help a little prosing as I recall it. Papa's sorrow of last year ran into this. On the 5th of January after an awful struggle of feeling Tom left for the Mormon country. On the 21st of February Judge Kane died. What need of recalling all the anguish this year has inflicted? In fewest words let me hurry over its events. Tom returned on the 15th of June almost brokenhearted. Sorrow and overwork made him very ill, and we hurried off on the 11th of August to the mountains whence he returned better in health. As Tom was determined not to have the expenses of his Utah journey paid by Government, and his Clerkship had been resigned previously, we were very ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B27_F1_p061.jpg) glad to accept the agency of the McKean & Elk Company's lands at $1000 a year. In one way & another we can screw up $600 more, and on this we must live. It is not easy with all the expense of the journey of to the mountains, the furnishing, transportation of goods, servants, and provision. My comfort is that I am sure we are living as economically as our utmost efforts can ensure our doing. And God will help us I know. Mother's present income, her loneliness, and the necessary absence of all her sons during so much of the year have decided the family to give up Fern Rock, our children's birthplace. May God give our successors less sorrow than we have felt here! Mother's health is at present very good, so is Bessie's. Pat looks very delicate, John splendidly well. Harry and Elisha are well, and "good as gold". Papa is well, Charlotte in England, Walter and his wife and baby in New Orleans, Willie spending the winter in New York where Harry and Helen are overjoyed to have him. So stand the personages of our household drama as the curtans draws up for the new Act. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B27_F1_p062.jpg) 1859. January 1st. The alternate snow and rain of the last few days still keeps me indoors. Tom is at home too today writing the commencement of a lecture he proposes to deliver on the 21st March on "Governor Cumming." When not actually engaged in minding the babies as I have been nearly all day, I am sitting by my husband stitching away very slowly at the third of a set of chemises I am making in pursuance of my economic plans. I detest sewing! As I sew I think over my little mountain household, and how to furnish it at once neatly and cheaply. I have more work planned for this winter I am afraid than I can possibly accomplish. I am going to try taking better care of my health, and will essay taking a regular walk every day for one thing. I am trying to teach myself German, but I am very slow about it. January 2nd Sunday. Yesterday at dinnertime Mother came home from a few days visit to Sapidea. Aunt Eliza Seiper is ill. I should not wonder if the Saint were near her rest. I am glad we sent her the Christmas present though it was rather beyond our present means ($20.50) Mr. A.J. Wilcox came out with Pat and John Green to dinner also. He gave us some little Elk Co. news. Tom received a most impudent letter from J.L. Brown to which he today returned a sweet tempered Christian answer, dear fellow. After I wrote diary yesterday Mr. Ingersoll called, and intimated a desire on the part of Mr Joe Ingersoll to rent Fern Rock for the summer. Mother came home full of the idea of boarding with Cousin Mary Gray next winter, to Bessie's very great ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B27_F1_p063.jpg) disgust. She does not fully know the real state of Mother's affairs still she might do a great deal of good if she would only try to look on the bright side. Tom's bills came home too. I see that as he has to go to New York, I must put my shoulder to the wheel or our money won't hold out. I meant to have my Reviews bound, and to buy little niceties for our new home with the $50 Papa gave me for Christmas, but I shall just hide away the Reviews again, I wish I hadn't brought them out! and pop the money among the rest. Tom won't find out, and then I hope I can squeeze through the winter without letting him draw more from our fund in the Ins. Co's hands. I confess to you, diary, that it is a leetle of a disappoint- -ment. Tom wants to give a $5 cake to the House of Refuge. I am afraid we can't. Oh, I wish he wouldn't buy me things! He expects to make up deficiencies in our income by writing. But I see he will not have time pretty plainly. So, goodbye to that idea, quietly, I shall not tell him so to discourage him, but I shall try to make up my own mind to do without as many things as I can. The mischief is that I don't know what remains to economise in. Sangenheim's lessons! He hasn't come, I'll take good care to forget to remind him! This is Jane's Sunday out, not fairly, but when I saw her clothes on the bed I hadn't the heart to remind her that it wasn't her turn. So the babies are playing about in my charge, and this must account for the incoherencies in my journal Wrote to Papa, walked on the terrace and talked to Mother in the afternoon. Tom was away at the House of Refuge. Monday January 4th Went to town to call on Mrs Depeyster and Mrs Kemble both of whom had gone to New York I found. Called on ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B27_F1_p064.jpg) Mrs John Wetherill and Mrs H. Wharton, also, the latter of whom has been sick with a violent cold almost ever since her marriage. Spent the rest of my time in town in pricing iron bedsteads, etc. A.J. Wilcox and a "General" Halsey came to dine with Tom the former of whom stayed all night and gave me some valuable hints about furnishing. Tuesday. In the house all day. Mother was having her hair dyed so minded children, mended corsets, learned German lesson all day that is to say I don't remember doing anything else. Tom brought home an unexpected bill $19 odd for a chest of tea for Major Egan which we had forgotten. I am glad I made up my mind about my $50 especially as the cake is ordered for the House of Refuge and will cost $5.93. Wednesday. Copying letters for Tom, and sewing at the machine all day except while I trotted up and down the railroad platform for a little while, and minded the children the usual time. For a few weeks I have regularly dusted and arranged my room and the study during the time I took care of the chicks. This also I did, and learned a German lesson Tom was away at the House of Refuge till ½ past 8 in the evening. Thursday. Copied letters for Tom, prepared a new Silver solution for Albumenised paper, and prepared some paper. Minded babies sewed at the machine, and learned German lesson. Tom was away till the late train again. He is working himself sick, I fear. After he came home copied a letter for him. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B27_F1_p065.jpg) Friday. This is Tom's 37th birthday I think. Poor dear fellow, I wish he were seven years younger, or I seven older. Perhaps I could under- -stand then how to make him happy. He was quite ill when he went to town this morning, but he had so many engagements that he was forced to go. It is the election day of his Philosophical Society so he won't be home till ten or eleven tonight. As he goes to New York tomorrow, I looked over his clothes, & mended such as needed it. I arranged his room, packed away the children's Christmas Toys, sewed, printed some pictures to be fixed my first leisure, took care of the children while Jane was at work, and learned a Ger- -man lesson. So my day slipped away. Gardette's bill for $50 has come in! Saturday. Packed Tom's trunk and saw him off for New York. He had a cold coming on, but upon the whole I trust he will benefit by his trip. I afterwards fixed the pictures I printed yesterday. None however were dark enough. I also finished my third chemise. Next week I hope to get some Elk County things packed off. Learned a German lesson, and sewed in the evening, except that Pat came upstairs and talked about a Shakespere Club for a long time. Sunday. I could not sleep till near four this morning, I sup- -pose because I was trying to sleep without a pillow to save the washing of a pillowcase. Minded the children and kept them playing ball to warm them. It is such a cold day! Wrote to Sabina. Read an article in the Westminster Review on Newman's Faith and two or three chapters in Romans. It was a very unhappy sort of paper. I wish dearest Tom ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B27_F1_p066.jpg) could get peace. It makes me tremble to look at Harry and Elisha and think they may have it to go through. If it be possible I pray God that they may take hold of the faith without distrust and misery first. I cannot understand why so many earnestly anxious to believe should yet be allowed to suffer so much from doubt. May God in His own good time help them all to Life Eternal! Wrote quite a long letter to Tom. I must go to bed early tonight I hope to get a good "spell" of work done while Tom is away. I wish that I could get all my Elk County affairs settled while he is gone! Monday. 10th Jan. Thermometer 3 deg. bel. zero! Very busy neverthe- -less. Learned a page of German Phrases, minded the babies darned stockings, had my bed taken down to go to Elk County tied up in papers the different well bound books I meant to take, and looked over, sorted, & burned all (,I thought all, but I have found more since,) letters from our families since our marriage. Tuesday. Hard at work though not at what I wished to be Pasted all the Mormon Scraps, and two books full of letters. I am glad I have spared Tom that, at least. There was one letter that upset even me. It was my last to Papa before the failure, and was endorsed "my blessed child." I also packed my two mignons and did various small things in preparation for Elk County. It is provoking enough that I can neither go to town nor to the stable to work. [Written in left margin] How unfortunate! ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B27_F1_p067.jpg) John Van Reusselaer came out to dinner. To my surprise and discomfiture no letter from Tom. I hope nothing has happened to him, poor darling. J.N.R. kept us up late, talking, but I contrived to embroider half of a little sacque for Elisha. Wednesday. I wonder if I am going to leave off sleeping altogether. Since Tom went I cannot sleep o'nights. Very busy, pasting, filing bills, and minding children early in the day. About noon Miss Noronha arrived and after her Miss Fanny Butler and her s[--]vant Mr Kuhn who dined & went away at 5 P.M. Saved in the evening and wrote to Tom. Thursday Jan. 13. Went to town with Mother to attend her Anniver- -sary Meeting of the Widows Asylum Managers. Trotted about over town after furniture. Am now too sleepy to write about what I did. After my return embroidered, and wrote a long letter to Tom. Friday. Finished Lyly's sacque, mended four horse nets, packed one drawer full of ornaments for Elk Co, began a petticoat for Harry, learned a German lesson, and wrote to Tom. Friday January 21. A week since I wrote last. I am forgetting my good resolutions! But last Saturday Tom came home sick, and since then He, and I, and the two children have had very bad colds, indeed the children have been and are very sick. Harry Wood accom- -panied Tom home, and has been busy helping me to the best of her power. She is the frankest goosey honest innocent girl in the world. Can't help loving her though! I have made Harry two petticoats, packed a bureau full of things for Elk County, got two mattresses packed up, a box ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B27_F1_p068.jpg) of linen, another of furs, saddle, books, cider quilts etc, one of books not particularly well packed but still catalogued & ready for storing, another almost finished, all catalogued and every book separately wrapped in paper, and another containing all my coloured clothes ready for storing. I have most of the children's toys, and our more delicate vases ready packed in boxes to be put in my large ornament box as soon as I am well enough to go over to the stable to pack them. Saturday January 21. Tom is very sick with cough, headache and fever. I finished packing books, and did some sewing, but kept nearly all day by Tom. Sunday. Tom still sick. Wrote to Papa. Monday. Busy quilting all day. Tuesday Ditto. We made two comfortables. Wednesday. Went to town and away up to Hamilton Village where Becky promised to accompany me shopping. After much trouble fixed on a sideboard, dining table, and a dozen chairs to be made of oiled walnut, and on two carpets and a set of blinds, also a handsome table cover. Thursday. Busy with Machette packing. Began a chemise Friday. A rainy day, so made up my mind to stay at home and sew. When the newspapers came in Tom found that the S. & E.R.R. election had gone against him, and he was anxious therefore to have a certain piece of business executed. So I drove over with Harry Wood, caught a Germantown train and whisked into town. I performed Tom's commission and one of my own at the Reading Railroad Freight Office ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B27_F1_p069.jpg) and brought out my new table cover. I bought paper for four rooms for $4.55 and Tom liked it very much Saturday. Relined Harry's shabby old muff as a surprise. She left it when she went to town with a few black rags of lining hanging from it. So I lined it after mending the fur, first with calico, then with crimson silk, and it looked quite stylish. The rest of the morning passed dusting the study, darning minding babies and such horrid tiresome work. Johnny came out in the afternoon and decided that Tom had a slight attack of bronchitis. He seemed to suffer a great deal of pain at night. Sunday January 30 Tom seems really ill. He has a pain in his left side now as well as his right, so sharp that he thinks he has pleurisy, not bronchitis. We have sent for Johnny, though I rather dread his coming for he invariably gets angry and makes Tom worse. May God mercifully keep my darling from a serious illness! It is three weeks and more since his sickness began. I have been waiting on him all day. This afternoon Jane has gone to church so I have to be away from him for a while as I take care of the little ones. I feel most anxious about him, the more so as I am growing superstitious about this season of the year, and about my preparing for the summer so long ahead. Monday. Tom seemed so much better this morning that I ventured to town after dressing his blister. Kind little Becky met me, and had Mary Field's carriage for the day at her command. We paid for the carpets, chose oil-cloth, mats, silver brushes, extra hair and tooth- -brushes, kitchen and parlor china and glass—by the bye I for- -got wineglasses!—paid for them, my blinds, and a bracket. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B27_F1_p070.jpg) When I came out of town I found dear Tom suffering greatly. He was cupped and seemed relieved after dinner, and passed a pretty quiet night. Jane Pickett came out to see us, and I half engaged her to go with me to the mountains. Tuesday February 1. Today Tom's cough is better, but his pleuritic pain in the side he thinks sharper. John came out to dinner and cupped him again (I cupped him in the morning) and after dinner drove to fetch Dr. Da Costa for whose arrival we are now waiting. I am trying to act as if I were hope- -fully reckoning over our furnishing when my heart is so heavy. Oh my God, have pity! I can't help thinking that this is the third member of the family grievously sick on a February —and being wretched. I suppose I have no more causes for unhappiness than most people—how can they be cheerful? I try to be hopeful and happy and then a blow comes! Oh my love, my darling, may God make your sickness light. Sunday 6th. My Tom has grown gradually very much better. I am very thankful for it. Dr Da Costa ordered him a large fly blister, which relieved him immensely. The poul- -tices are still kept up but he is almost free from pleuritic pain. Perhaps it is as well now when I am thankful for his recovery to make up my mind cheerfully to give up the idea of his lecture. He won't be able to deliver it. My duty therefore is to order our expenses so that we may live upon our income without expecting the additions my poor boy hopes to make. May God please to give me wisdom to do so! ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B27_F1_p071.jpg) Poor Willie is very much worse I think. God have pity on him. I have put my visit to New York off till Wednesday. This week has passed chiefly in nursing Tom. Except making up my crimson table cover, and some darning I have done nothing. Tom likes a suggestion I made him very much. It was to give our new house a name of Masonic signification. I pro- -posed St John's as likely to please our St Mary Catholics, and at the same time to allow us to indulge in the luxury of a stained window in our hall to have the Van Rensselaer eight pointed white cross on a ruby ground. The house plan would be altered to allow of having a shorter hall than the main part of the house: that is, we would have a square roof enclosing a short piazza back and front between the piers of house. After making this plan we concluded that it deprived us of so much room that we would only have a stained drawing room window. When I return from New York I must rearrange the papers relating to E.K.K's accounts for Tom. I must write down the first leisure I have how things are planned for our mountain home. Tom allows $500 for fur- -nishing, repairs etc. I have bought my china, glass, dining room and parlor furniture and paper, and the fur- niture for one bedroom, but I have many things to buy yet which will carry me up nearly to that sum. We are spending principal, alas! It is one comfort that I shall have saved by March 1st $232 or Jane Picket's board and wages for the year, and this is a saving of mine for it is compensated for entirely by my own labor. I can call it an earning of mine. I am sorry to think that my clothing will have to cost more next winter when we ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B27_F1_p072.jpg) are in town Monday February 7th. This morning Harry and Mother had a very unpleasant scene. Harry misunderstood Mother's manner, and was insolent to her, though I honestly think she did not mean to be so. I was very sorry, and especially on her account as it indisposes Tom to have her with us. She would have profited by it I think poor child, and will be cruelly dis- -appointed. I took her to town, and on her return she begged Mother's pardon. I could not prepay the freight on my packages and did little in town. Called on Aunt Alida. Tuesday Sewed in the machine, and packed my things for my visit to New York. I fancy the snow will inter- fere to delay it however. I think dear Tom may be considered well now. Yesterday I amused myself in looking over plans for a house, and selected a delightful one. Tom says it would take at least $400 to put it up! Sunday February 13th. I went to New York on Wednesday returning on Friday. Though for some reasons I had dreaded the visit, it passed off very pleasantly. They were all delighted to see me, and seemed to try who could do most for me. Expressing my approval of some orange marmalade, a box containing half a dozen jars arrived for me in the course of the day sent by Papa. These will be grand for the mountains! I received many other things, and saw a good many of the relations. I was much pleased with the change in Uncle James. Willie is a saint! I was much ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B27_F1_p073.jpg) with him and he seemed so rejoiced to see me, so loving and tender, cheerful and amiable that it made one's heart bleed. He will probably go to Northampton for the Water Cure in a few weeks. Nelly looked pretty but pale and thin. Cousin Margaret also looked thin. It is only justice to her to say she has been very kind to Willie since his return. They were all disappointed that I did not stay longer but I thought it best to come home. Tom was better, and the chil- dren rejoiced to see me. Saturday I minded babies, unpacked, and made Harry a flannel petticoat. Today I am at home with the babies. Jane is gone to church. Just as I wrote "Jane is gone to-" a shriek from Sashy warned me that Miss Harry had struck him with a piece of wood on the head. As she had previously been informing me she was going to be bad, to kick me, so I had to punish her severely by marking the offending hand block, and putting her in her crib. She sobbed bitterly but it was long before she was subdued, little darling Elisha grieving meanwhile over her punishment. Tom has had the disappointment of having a board meeting of S & E. shareholders at which he was to lay before them the result of his three years labour pass over without his being informed. I hope the result will not be as bad as he fears. Monday. 14th February. Tom went to town and returned much pleased with the result of his two meetings— a deferred one of the S & E.R.R. and another of the Mc. Kean and Elk Board. He has however committed ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B27_F1_p074.jpg) himself to the amount of $5000 to A.J. Wilcox for the purchase of lands. I am afraid I hurt the poor darling's feeling about it too. While Tom was away I took the opportunity of putting his room into rational order, that is arranging papers and books as he needed them, etc. Then ripped and fixed for quilting a skirt Nelly gave me. Then made two more bureau covers out of my old Marseilles skirt, and by that time the morning was well advanced. I then took a walk. Read part of a book called the Ministry of Life. The late afternoon and evening passed in copying maps for Tom. Prayed particularly for dear Willie tonight at his request. Tuesday. Wrote to Willie, and copied for Tom. At ½ past 4 went over to dine at Mrs Ingersoll's. Borrowed "Nilla and Farm Cottages" with which I amused myself till bedtime. Drawing plans for our future home is one of my chief amusements nowadays. Wednesday. Made three ticking covers for pillows while I minded the children. Made another attempt to methodise my time, and at ten, read my chapter, studied German wrote my diary and a page of A's in German writing regard- -less of the children's howls. Becky & Robert spent the afternoon with us. Becky brought me a beautiful Afghan. I began making a mat for our Kerosine lamp of crimson & gray "tinsel wool." Thursday. Spent waiting for a map to photograph. It was not ready till near two o'clock and after ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B27_F1_p075.jpg) a couple of vain attempts I came back tired out and lay down for the afternoon. Learned a German lesson and wrote a letter to Charlotte, and my diary in the evening. Friday. Tom not so well, and insists on going to town tomorrow to talk to Mr S.A. Mercer. I worried a good deal about him, and at night he was very much distressed as I urged him not to go to town, and he feared that he might be too unwell to go. So much of our money is invested in Father's estate that it would be hard to pay for these lands unassisted. Tom wants Mr Mer- -cer either to join in the speculation, or if convinced of its practicability yet not willing to join in it he wishes him to discount his notes. I daresay Tom has involved himself more deeply than he likes to tell me, poor fellow. I was so anxious that he should not invest money in those lands that I had persuaded him to drop plans he had, often, and now he says he might have had our fortunes assured but for my prejudices. So this last chance he was determined on, and I had to yield stipulating that he should not involve our $1000 a year. I was opposed to his investing: first, because he was Agent of a Company there, next because all the suc- -cessful land speculators I hear of seem to be great rogues and Tom is both too honest and too humane to be successful I think, and thirdly, I thouk that the management of these things will be a great cause of anxiety to him in his feeble health. My third fear is verified ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B27_F1_p076.jpg) already because he is anxious and unhappy enough to make me wish he would draw out of the con- -tract, even with the loss of $2000 in compensation to the opposite party. Saturday. He would go to town, and I accompanied him he promising only to talk to Mr Mercer 10 or 15 minutes. When he left me he told me to meet him at the Black Bear in three quarters of an hour. I let this pass over deeming it better to spare him the discussion, but when an hour and three quar- -ters had passed I started out to find him, at Mr Mercer's, and missed him. He arrived, just as I set out in Fifth Street, by Fourth St, having been round to Thomas's to please Mother. He did not tell me and I was quite hurt when I heard through Pat, for I had been so worried by the responsibility of getting him to town for the visit to Mr Mercer. Wednesday. Tom has been pretty sick ever since his visit to town—fly blisters, poultices, restless nights etc again and again, poor fellow. Tom—Here I broke off for some cause forgotten now. 27th Sunday. Tom grows sometimes better, sometimes worse. Mr Mercer was here all Thursday morning, greatly to me indignation. They all insisted on my dining at Miss Fox's which I quite enjoyed. This week I finished Harrys little petticoat, and my lamp mat, and did a good deal of mending. I have not kept up my ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B27_F1_p077.jpg) spirits as I ought to have done, and I fear I have depressed my dear poor boy instead of cheering him. My only excuse has been my very very bad cold. John and Pat both advise our going to town for a week or so to J's rooms, where they think Tom will recover quicker than here. Tom is annoyed by my opinion that he ought to relinquish his lecture. He is anxious to "put it through" a phrase which curses his life. He is per- -petually putting weights on his safety valves in order to press on under higher working power than he ought to do. He does a great deal, but risks more, alas! I have distressed him by it, and by dissuading him from speculating—I ought to know better, for it only bothers him awhile, and does not make a whit of difference in his intentions. Friday Evening. I hear that my Willie is at the Water Cure and that he likes it very much for which thank God. Tom has been very busy with his lecture now finished roughly, and I have been "holding his pens." Yesterday however Aunt Mary Leiper was here and with his assistance we made three silk and one woollen comfortable. Today too I attempted again to copy one of Tom's maps unsuccessfully. Saturday. Listened again, as critic, to Tom's lecture. Copied letters, wrote to Papa, in the evening sewed on Harry's new sacque. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B27_F1_p078.jpg) Sunday March 6th My day at home. Tom and I had a little reading together, and I walked over with Janey Pic. to afternoon church. We had a very dull sermon, but the beautiful service always does me good. Dear Tom reminded me that I am growing censorious towards Bess and John. I have known I was so for some time but the devil drove me on. John borrowed $5 that I could very ill spare, "to be returned tomorrow" and as I have never seen it, I have just snipped and snapped at him since. Poor Bess too, for no reason. I will try to do better, though I feel hard hearted. I wish I could be a better girl. Dear little Harry says two new poems very sweetly. I wonder if I could afford a second-hand bookcase for our mountain house. Sunday March 13. Tom spent last week in town, and returned yesterday much the better of his trip. He has been much worried about his lecture but has finally con- -cluded to deliver it. He does not think it will be a creditable literary production, but hopes it may help to keep Cumming Governor of Utah. I have been purchasing presents to ourselves out of the $50 Mothe Papa gave me, but dear Mother is so hard up that she has borrowed $70 of me, which I cannot well spare. Tom and I now meditate two variations on our building plan. One is to get A.J. Wilcox to put us up such ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B27_F1_p079.jpg) a house at Buena Vista as we would like to rent. the other is to buy and alter at S. Rosalie three miles from S. Mary's. I am so thankful to hear that Willie likes his water cure place. I have received nice letters from Papa and Jet this week. Monday March 21. I am writing at the sitting-room table with Mother and Bess—while my heart is with my darling—its is the evening of his lecture. My thoughts for the last week have been full of it and of anxiety for his health. Little Elisha has grown very thin and his gums are sore, I hope God will show me how to take proper care of him. I have at last succeeded in copying Tom's map for him. Some dry plates prepared with for me unusual care have been perfect failures— I am busy sewing for the children now. Tuesday. Today's papers mention Tom's lecture, but as he threatened, give no report merely saying that the lec- -ture was an elaborate eulogium of Gov. Cumming. I am disappointed, for I hoped he would return today. I took two groups which I hoped would please him, one of Jane and the chil- -dren, the other of Bessie, Sarah Butler, and Miss Clark. I printed them, and some maps, two views of the house, & sundry small ones of Bess for the House of Refuge girls, (all to please his eye this evening, really) I kneaded bread ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B27_F1_p080.jpg) this morning, and this afternoon sewed 12 yards of fine stitching in the machine. Wednesday. The Dunlaps spent the day here, and I took them, by the waterfall. Disappointed by no news of Tom. The children are sick too. Thursday. In town! Tom won't be home till Saturday, but I hear he was very successful in lecturing Tuesday 29th March. Tom returned home on Friday bringing Nelly. Nothing important since then. He says I am falling into a habit of being depressed and don't strive to rouse myself as I should. Sunday April 3. I have been reading part of a memoir of Oberlin's useful life. It reminds me that I have forgotten my good resolutions to endeavor to benefit the poor Germans among whom we are to be. I thank God for his mercy in placing us in the happy situation in which we are; so suited to the tastes we have in common And I do not know how I can better spend a few minutes than in writing down what I believe ought to be our true position, and our true aims, that we may not endeavor to reconcile our actual feelings with those which others fancying us to possess impose upon us as our own. It is assumed, that we regard our present position as a stepping stone merely, a halt by the way— ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B27_F1_p081.jpg) side, and that we contemplate a more distinguished future than the humble Agency of the McKean Company. A feeling whether of cowardice or shyness, or of not-knowing-my-own-mindness, always interposes to prevent me from expressing my own views fully even to my dear friend Tom. I will try to write them down, holding my own judgment however as to a citizen's duty as so much inferior to his that I would not hold to it, should it vary from his. I will show this to him, and ask him to write down in what he differs from me, that we "may know where we are." And first, I know that my Heavenly Father hears and answers prayer, and I believe that He who made the Universe, who assures us that the very hairs of our head are all numbered, who has fashioned with such delicate skill the tiny creatures of the almost invisible water world, holds nothing below, as nothing is above, his notice. I do not believe that I, his child, insult my Creator by asking his promised guidance in all things. I avow that I believe the answer to my earnest prayer for direction, was that Tom should go to Utah and I thank the Prince of Peace that he permitted my dear husband to be his mes- -senger. How beautiful upon the mountains! ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B27_F1_p082.jpg) Accepting succeeding events as His Will, having vowed ourselves to the possible sacrifice of father mother, lands, houses, children—whatever we pos- -sessed of earthly blessings, I do not rebel at what He did, but am thankful that so much was left. I prayed Him to guide our feet in the next path we should tread, and trusted in His love that when Tom should return he would be provided with employment and a living. By the time Tom was ready for it, God gave us this agency, I believe. It is a position in which a wide field of use- -fulness is open to us; by God's blessing who made us man and wife, there are perhaps no two people among all our acquaintance who would be equally happy in that place, and our health and our children's is good there. The seal of this blessing I fully believe to be upon us there, and I know that while it is good for us we shall remain there. Now I feel that looking forward to this or that change, always unfits me for present duties—therfore I wish to feel that my lot is cast. I do not wish to eat up the principal of our money looking forward to future possessions at the death of our parents. What God wills He wills, and while He gives us strength of head and hand He means ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B27_F1_p083.jpg) us to ou earn our own and our children's living for today. Tomorrow He will take care of. I think at an honest rate of interest, our present income will suffice to keep us very comfortably. As to investments my dear one knows how constantly of late the verse has been in my ears "He that hasteth to be rich shall not be innocent." My instinct is that to earn his bread as an agent is enough for Tom. The tricks of land speculators are beneath him, as also I think the cares and calculations into which he must be plunged in managing a piece of his own property. My feelings are in favor of his investing in ways in which he has no more to do with the money than to receive the interest, as he does with his Chicago stock. Of this matter we have talked at length, though I want to return to it. Let me go back to the bottom of last page. I think the devil grins out in matters of property. I am sure it is wrong to calculate upon inheritances. The property that may be ours one day is not ours now, and it is wrong to grudge it to its possessors in any way.—I know what I mean here, though I may not be clear. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B27_F1_p084.jpg) Tom thinks of leaving the Democratic Party. If he does so it will be a hard struggle for him. I hope he will find it possible to be a good cirizen and yet not feel bound to act always "with The Party." As to "political preferment" it is an odious phrase and I would rather have Tom a greengrocer than following in the wake of The Party for selfish crumbs. I hope it will never be necessary for him to enter much into politics, but if his country needs him I hope he will go in with white garments. He has gone to the mountains, looking forward to making purchases—perhaps to investing all our money. It has been with us a very anxious question—Ought we to buy a house site and build? and we cannot feel sure of the answer. It may cost us more than we can afford, we may not remain there many years. Our wishes tend towards building—they may unsettle our judgment. Therefore I now pray at this critical time that God will guide Tom. If he decides unwisely now, oh Lord change his thoughts. Take him under Thy protection, and so let matters be that he may see the wis- -dom or folly of his course. Let Thy decision be his, and may all our future be ruled by Thee! Now whatever the result of Tom's visit, I shall know it is so best. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B27_F1_p085.jpg) Will Our Father decide for us whether we ought to take Helen and Harry with us, and guide us to choose faithful servants! May His blessing rest upon our household, now and evermore. For Christ's sake! I have had a sweet peaceful Sunday, and felt as if I could lift up my heart in prayer for my darling as I knelt in the old school- -house. It is hallowed to me by many a time when my heart was heavy and the Comforter came to me. May it be blessed to others when I am far away! I have been thinking about family prayers and it seems to me that I ought to have them whether guests are there or not. They need not come in, if they do not wish to, but I do not feel as if a punctilis of ceremony should interrupt the devotions of a household. I thought we would have them at nine every evening in the dining room. Tom writes that Judge Wilcox says we can have his house for two years. That is very nice. He left on Thursday, spent two days at Harrisburg, and is now at Williamsport. He says he has secured $20.000 for the House of Refuge. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B27_F1_p086.jpg) On Friday I printed some maps, etc, for him. Yesterday I took likenesses of the children, Mother, and Helen. Friday 8th April. A nice useful week! On Monday ran 20 towels and a chemise through the machine and printed pictures of the house. Took a very pretty view of the front of the house, about 25 seconds escperan. Tuesday Printed pictures, and worked at the machine Broke Mother's likeness before it was printed. It was very provoking! In the evening, Dr Da Costa and Miss Brinton come to see us. I had a letter from Tom requesting seven photographic maps for various gentlemen, which with eleven others I printed on Wednesday. On Tl In the evening mounted them. On Thursday, I took them in, saw Nelly off, made a number of purchases, returned home quite tired out. My head aching badly. I walked over to Misr Fox's with Bessie for flowers to deck the coffin of a little village boy. After Tom set down accounts and went early to bed. Today my hope of a fine day vanished early. Took a picture of Bess, not good. I fear, and marked a great number of articles stockings, 20 towels, 7 pr drawers, chemises etc, etc. Worked at the machine afterwards till dinner-time finishing the five childrens nightgowns. I have made this week by saving the hems and neckbands, I also made the skirt of Harry's new travelling coat ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B27_F1_p087.jpg) and put on the band of trimming and corded the waist of Harry's travelling coat. Mother came home with no letter for me. Saturday 9th. After manufacturing some iron holders occu- -pied all the morning in trying the time for a picture of the pond. Mr and Mrs Wharton spent th af- -ternoon here with Pat and John. In the evening Mother and I sat and sewed, and Mother slept with me. I felt very dull missing my darling. Pat brought out such an admirable photograph of him. How handsome and charming he looked, and then to know that the expression of the dear face I love best is mine only, no one else sees it. I have such a treasure of a little love letter from him too. I have read it over so often, and I am so glad to have it. Sunday 10th. I had a letter too from poor Nell in great distress. Papa has ordered her to think no more of going to the mountains. I spent the greater part of the morning in writing her a long letter. Not knowing where dear Tom is I cannot write to him nor get word to him in any way how anxious I am about him. The weather has been so very in- -clement, and he is so lately recovered from the pleurisy, poor fellow. I suppose he is at Williamsville or perhaps at Smethport. Mother is exceedingly sorry to find that Mrs John Butler who, she hoped, meant to buy her place, has a lease of Butler Place for another year. Mother says ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B27_F1_p088.jpg) that even if she leases the place she won't come back here in winter. I have been bothering myself about the need for servants. Jane Picket won't go with me, so that I must obtain cook, chambermaid, and man. I ought not to allow myself to become uneasy. I have been thinking about my darling's faith, and will have a talk with him if we are spared to meet in health. My reading this time of Tom's absence has, cu- -riously enough, led me entirely by accident into a chain of subjects that often presented them- -selves to me lately. Oberlin's Life, Mrs Crowe's "Night Side of Nature," a Memoir of a Miss Mac Farlane called "The Lamp," and a sermon of Kingsley's that I read today on the "Transfiguration" all linked themselves in with my thoughts. The Spiritual World, Heaven—what it is—do we ever see Spirits? Are the dying delerious always when they speak of seeing angels? There is one part of an often quoted verse which struck one peculiarly—"Are they (the angels) not all ministering spirits sent forth to minister to them who shall be heirs of salvation." Sent where? Here of course. Therefore as they are all about us, our spiritual eyes may sometimes not be holden that we cannot see. I cannot but believe Father saw Elisha and the angels he spoke of. He did not know he was ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B27_F1_p089.jpg) dying, but he knew where he was and that Mother was by. How glorious to think that we were in the room with angels by us, to think that they are always round us! It makes one feel anxious to be always good and pure lest they should hear our ugly tempers. And yet, we are assured that the Creator's eye is always on us. How infinitely circumspect that ought to make us! Well, it won't be long before I too shall know as I am known. Patience till then. Another strange thing is the way this links in with the power of faith. I wrote about that once before though. Becky's sister Mrs Martin is dying. She has just had a baby though the doctor forbade all it some two or three years ago. Isn't this murder? Thursday Mrs Martin is still alive. They begin to have some hope of her life. Mrs Tom Belton is dead, poor thing. This has been a busy week. On Monday coated some dry collodion plates (failures as usual!) Wrote to Charlotte learned a German lesson, trimmed Lyly and myself each a flat. Tuesday went to town and stayed late in the faint hope of Tom's sending me a letter. There was none! Bought many things for Elle County. Yesterday at accounts, and vain hopes of its clearing enough to take a picture. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B27_F1_p090.jpg) Prepared a good many solutions for my Dry Plate failures. I wish I could get them right! Pat brought me out good news. My darling will be here today! Monday April 25. We have had a disappointment. Notwithstanding frightfully hard work on my darling's part, the S. & E. R. R. Route has been finally de- -cided on—to pass through S. Mary's and Ridgway and away from us. Mother's estate is about $23,000 poorer, our loss is less only because we had less to lose My darling is cast down, but I hope I will be able to cheer him, and I pray God to guide us to order our affairs so that we may keep our expenses within our income. It is a blow but I hope we will be able to believe that, coming from God's hand, it is for our good. I was very busy packing last week. Today, and Saturday hemmed two dozen towels etc for the mountains. Saturday morning packed E. K. K's private papers, and in the afternoon packed our bronze and osmolee ornaments. Tuesday 26th. Trimmed two hats for the children and exhausted myself in useless efforts to take Lizzie Mitchell's picture. My bath doesn't work, at all, I'm afraid. Poor Tom cannot give up hope about the S. & E. R. R. and is working himself sick. I wish I knew how to advise him. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B27_F1_p091.jpg) Sunday 8th May. I have been very busy and have not had time to write. Dear Willie has been very has ill indeed; Papa was summoned by telegraph. His case seems to be a hopeless one. I am afraid I rebel against God—it must be that makes me so unhappy. Why should he suffer this. God can either cure him or take him to Heaven. Why does He not? Oh Will, my gentle sweet brother God have pity on you, and release your soul from the body of this death. My trouble about Willie while it makes leaving Fern Rock appear a slight one, makes me see everything black. I have made Tom vexed, and hurt his feelings, though carelessness, and now I can't get things right. Outside the sun is shining, the sweetest breeze blowing, and I feel heated, angry, sorry, and miserable. God have pity on Willie! Sunday May 15th. I am 23 now. This last year of my life has been a very happy one, taking one day with another. I have passed nearly four years at lovely Fern Rock, and probably this is my last Sunday here. All this week, I have been very busy, some days packing some days taking last farewell views of the place. Mother is having her picture painted and it, and the people coming to look at the house interfere very much with my packing. I can hardly realise that I shall not return to Fern Rock. I have come back every year. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B27_F1_p092.jpg) Why not now? Tom of course feels the break up of the family much more than I do. He has always had the family dwelling to look upon as Home. He is mine. We hear that the lovely house of Elk County nearly fell in while the workmen were repairing it. The repairs necessary will probably make it the middle of July before we can get in. I suppose we will board at Barrett's. I have at last obtained two tolerable negatives with Fothergill's Dry Process. I have done with photographing now for the summer unless I can get something done in Elk County. It is the pleasantest work I ever did. My dear Tom brought Mr. Guillou out to spend the day. In this way I obtained those pictures that succeeded for my own chemicals were hopelessly wrong. Tom and I took our last stroll together over the place. Monday. 16th. Poor Lyly is swollen faced today apparently owing to poison vine. I packed away my cameras, negatives etc. and dismantled my shed. I must not forget that the "Shaker chair" box holds them, all but the negatives. I am beginning to see daylight through my packing. Sunday, May 21. I thought I should be in New York before this, but here I am with quantities of work remaining to be done. Tom has gained his Sanbury and Erie battle! I did ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B27_F1_p093.jpg) Who? not expect this, but I am very thankful. Dear Sashy is better too. Aunt Mary is anxious to pay Tom half the value of the land he has recovered for her. He will not accept this, but will take about $1000, about one fourth. I have not heard from Harry Wood once since she went away. I wonder how she will behave when she sees me! Monday May 23. This morning I happened to mention the date of Tom's visit to Smithport, and was surprised to see the effect it produced. It seems he had the refusal of certain lands for forty days, and while he was hesitating how he should make up his mind, it was made up for him by finding the time nearly expired. He wants the money loaned by Papa, and as we were doubtful whether he would lend it, he has run on to New York to see about it. I am anxious about him; he is so sick and worn out, and is threatened with one of his sicknesses. He has to go to Wash- -ington too. I pray God to keep him safe. I hope to be off on Wednesday. I don't like to say I will go for I see so very much to be done, but I will try. Today I packed two packing boxes full of odd things, basins, cups, negative-boxes, vases, sewing- -machine, waffle iron, and so forth. I want to pack this book tomorrow if possible. Must this be the last entry made at Fern Rock? Dear, dear little place, goodbye! ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B27_F1_p094.jpg) Sunday May 29. It seems too absurd to be writing again from Fern Rock, yet here we are. Tom is gone to Olean to complete a purchase he contem- -plates. I cannot exult in it, dreading as I do the anxiety he will have each year to make up the interest, $1800. As our income is only about $1300, it must come out of the principal which will be all gone before the six years he contemplates keeping the land expire. I can- -not say more than I have done to dissuade him because my darling I know does it for the sake of making me easy in circum -stances. I hope God will keep him from making the purchase if it is not for our best interests. I hate to have my darling scheming his brain about money matters. I wish he had Rest, the great happy Rest of Peace, poor darling. Pellwood June 7th. Tom came back without having made his purchase but still full of hope that he should do so. We dissuaded him, and he was very much distressed to give it up. He thought I should be "rich and happy" I told him what I feel, that it is much better, cer- -tainly much happier for me to be as I am. And that I feared the care of this property and all the thoughts and plans about it would gradually estrange us. I want to write down here, that I voluntarily and most thankfully turn my back on the probability ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B27_F1_p095.jpg) of being rich, believing it much better for my hus- -band, myself, and our beloved children that we should not be rich lest we forget God. And I pray Him to grant us the true Riches.—Tom did not want to be rich for his own sake but for mine, and for our children's. And he thought we could afford then to have another wee darling. But I think that if we find ourselves strong of body, mind and heart and with consciences clear—next summer we may much better afford to ask God to bless us again, than if we were careful and troubled about many things. If two people loving each other as we do are strong in health, they are the people who ought to have children. I am so much happier, so much lighter hearted since the burden of money dropped off my shoulders! And agian my heart thrills and I feel as if the horror might be forgotten, and my poor fallen away bosom swell joyfully to the touch of baby lips. Dear Tom my children's father, it makes my lover so holy and precious to me. I am wandering away losing myself in day-dreams instead of writing soberly, that I left dear Fern Rock last Thursday, and arrived here in the evening. Every one is very kind, and I am lazifying, and amusing myself very well. I think the stay here will do me good. We breakfast at seven, then about nine, Aunt Eliza and I take a long walk. After our return we ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B27_F1_p096.jpg) go to our rooms and read or write till about half past four when we go driving or walking again. Then at 7 we dine, and after the children are asleep we read or sew till bed-time about half past nine. Thursday 9th April. I had a letter from my darling yesterday in which he spoke of my letter having deterred him from making that purchase anew. Dear Tom, that shows you have been unhappy since I left. Mr and Mrs Bryant have been staying here since Tuesday evening, and I tried to behave as my darling would have liked me to do. Today Aunt E. and I had our usual walk. Friday. Nelly is to come up tonight. Aunt Eliza and I had a peculiarly pretty walk. But one thing want these banks of Rhine uncommonly. I have a plan in my head for Elk County. "Time'll show" its feasibility. I thank God for the time I am spending here. I am so manifestly gaining strength that I am happy in spite of anxiety on my dear one's account, happiest, because I know he will so exult in my good looks. Tuesday June 14. The singularly cold weather we have felt has given way to great heat and all the house walls are dripping with damp. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B27_F1_p097.jpg) I had a letter from poor Tom written in good spirits and saying that I must meet him on Thursday in New York and we could go together. And I had just written that I would not come till today fortnight, and I cannot go to him, my darling. I hope the fierce heat will not make him sick! Wednesday. Last night and today Aunt Eliza is quite sick, with the heat I fancy. There is a wee Frenchman staying here now with close cropped hair, beard and moustache making him look like a convict rat. Vicomte de Lavedans or some such name. His English is very bad though. I heard him say he was here last summer. I am mending and repairing the children's frocks today, and am down in the depths with the Blue Devils. Last night Fern Rock was bidden adieu to and its kind hospitable family are scattered. My Tom, I had a faint hope would dispose of Og, so as to come here to see me, but a telegram today says, he will go today to the mountains and I may follow on the 28th. This is just what I proposed myself, but oh dear, not what I wanted. If my dearie were not so unselfish I would not have dared to dispute his wishes, but with the patience of Gri- -seldies sacrificed my visit to the paternal man- -sion and obeyed my imperious spouse. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B27_F1_p098.jpg) And I have to be two weeks away from him, my own darling! I could cry! I am sure he will be so dull, parting with Fern Rock, and with no one to cheer him. It is too, too bad! Tuesday June 21. Yonkers. Left kind Aunt E. yesterday. Arrived here with a violent headache, which continues over into today. They are all glad to see me, and I pray that the visit may be a blessing to us all. I am sorry to find the servants all colored here, as I fea—Interrupted by news of a grand eineute in the kitchen caused by my children's fear of the ser- -vants, in which they say Jane encourages them. I now feel pretty unwell, and foresee great trouble Wednesday, Papa brought me a most dismal note from Tom. The frost has killed everything and the house is a "raggle of destruction." I am getting on very well now. The girls and I walked about three miles yesterday, and then we sat with C.M. and read aloud and sewed. Then I began a letter to Tom, etc, etc. The dinner hour is 5. After dinner John G. Kane and Douglas Robinson came in and spent the evening. I spoke to Papa about W. He said that he did not anticipate any difficulty about him. His money could not come to him before he was 21 part not before he was 25. He refused to contemplate the idea of his ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B27_F1_p099.jpg) not being well before then, and said his elder brother could take care of his interests. ~Tom's account of our pecuinary affairs is anything but encouraging. Our balance at the Insurance Company's is reduced below $1000 and although our Mc.K. Co. talk of refunding $500 of what Tom expended last year, they are not going to hand over the salary now. Now we have done our best to be eco- -nomical. I do not think that I have been extravagant about the house furnishing, the repairs are not yet paid for, Frank poor fellow gives us $700, yet where's all the money gone? I am going to ask Tom to make out a statement for me in the Account Book. Then I can get hold of the sum within which we ought to live. I am sure our expenses have been small. There is no use worrying, however. I am glad and thankful not to have that investment louring overhead. Saturday June 25th. On Thursday the weather cleared and Walter Sabina and Mrs Hicks came up to spend the day. Walter offered his escort to the mountains which I declined as I am not going by a night train. Mrs Hicks was very affectionate Little Chalmers was sick so Mrs W. did not come down till near dinner time. Sabina said she ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B27_F1_p100.jpg) would like to come to Elk County so I invited her & Walter. The day passed off very pleasantly. Oh, first before anyone came the girls and I had a long beautiful walk along the old post road to Albany. It runs up hill and down dale along the heights above the river among country seats, and tufts of locust trees. Our evening drive turned to the farming country inland, following the Nepperhan. I thoroughly enjoyed the old farmhouses, the cattle standing ready to be milked, or plodding down the winding lanes, the cultivated hills, the clover meadows and the wild pretty valley of the Nepperhan. From one point we could see the far off shores of Long Island, the Sound dotted with vessels, and a tinge of sunset that had faded from us lighting up the snowy sails. How much I longed for Tom! Waltar and Sabina are going, and have persuaded the girls to go, next week to see W. He is isolated now at farmhouse. The people don't go to see him now. His last attack was in church. My poor dear boy. On Friday I went to town with Papa, shopping. Mrs Hicks came to meet me and went about everywhere with me. I had a nice note from Tom. He seems not to have bought any wall paper and I had just come away from the city when I got his note saying that all the house ought to be repapered. Today Papa and the children and I went to the village and searched for wall papers in vain. We ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B27_F1_p101.jpg) read aloud on our return, and then sat enjoying the breeze under the trees where we now are. I am minding the babies while Jane washes. This accounts for my pencil scratch which my dearest will be annoyed by. "Upland" Elk County July 4. We are safe at home at last. Yesterday week I wrote here last. On Mon- -day we left Yonkers about one in the afternoon and were met at the depot by kind Mrs Hick, who gave Harry a little doll she had made her. Uncle James and Papa saw us off at 5 P.M. in a way train of the N.Y and Erie to Mid- -dletown which we reached about ½ past 7. Hot little hole. Started at 8.30 A.M. Tuesday. Thanks to a letter Papa procured me from the Presidency all the conductors on the road were very civil. An old gentleman was disposed to be rather too civil. At 8 P.M. thoroughly worn out we reached Olean. All the country was blackened with frosts, and Tom was in the most frightful blues when he met us. He ought not to have been left alone so long. We left Olean a little after six next day, and arrived at Barrett's about one o'clock. We stayed there till Friday, and then reached home that evening. We camped on the floor anyhow. Each day since we have unpacked more ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B27_F1_p102.jpg) things and are gradually civilising. Tom professes himself as much pleased with the result of my winter's work as I am with his spring labours. Between us we have spent a frightful sum. But then we shall be really comfortable When we are settled I shall describe the house Today was entirely occupied in papering my room, a first attempt but I fancy quite a creditable one. July 9th Saturday. My darling has left me for the first time since we arrived. He is gone to Buena Vista, now Wilcox, and I feel quite lonely. We have been here a week tonight and have done a good deal. Our boxes are all emptied, the con- -tents still in great confusion, but the dining- -room, parlor, and my room are carpeted, papered and pictures hung. The new room is untouched yet. I am not in as good spirits as when the week began, for I find the servants disposed to be "ugly." There was a grand quarrel about milk and butter, I foresee others on the same score, and I dread washing-day. However, I must expect difficulties and I hope God will guide me to act wisely. Dear Tom is hap- -pier for my presence, God bless him. He has been much distressed about the expense of repairing the house. It will cost nearly $1000. Then one of three new horses he has bought is dying ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B27_F1_p103.jpg) of distemper. I comfort him on that head and then he comforts me about the servants. The hams Mother gave me seem to be spoil- -ing. I have had them rubbed with ashes today, and hung over at Lucius' house. I had the big stove black leaded too today, and our eggs brought from the Hollow. The man who kept our chickens has charged outrageously for them, boarding them at the rate of $5 a year. We have hardly any eggs from them either. I made two largish cakes today from them however, and Tom thought them very good. We pay 14 cents per lb for cleaned trout, 7 cents for venison, 8 for beef, 20 for butter. I want to get our butter from our own cream, but anticipate great difficulties. Had letters from Mother, Bess, Aunt Eliza and Papa. All well of our own people. Willie is more cheerful. Tot at Malvern. Mother and Bess still in town but visiting round. I wish Lyly were fatter. He is thinner than I like. Sunday July 10. Harry's fourth birthday. Today we are anxious about Janey Pic. Her yesterday's headache has been succeeded by sore throat and fever today. As Scarlet Fever is rife at Ridgway we fear for her. Tom thought it my duty to go with the children to Barrett's. I thought [Written in left margin] A land of milk and honey! ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B27_F1_p104.jpg) that after seeing the children safe I ought to return to nurse her, and that I thought ab- -surd. So at present matters stand in the old way. Tom was very unhappy today, the scent of some sealing-wax bringing back old times. Monday Evening 11th July. Jane Picket much better. Still I did not think her fit to wash today, so set J.N. at the tubs alone. She refused at first, and then was excessively sulky, and then Ann who has grumbled ever since she came, threat- -ened to leave. I had a most unpleasant morn- -ing. Still I got some work done. A piece of beef-à-la-mode stewed for a future day, and some trout potted in butter for ditto, and the arrange- -ment of the pantries begun by Ann. Some settee covers made by Sarah, the pipes of the stove blackleaded and the silver cleaned by Janey Pic, while Jane Nelly washed steadily. I myself sewed a little, arranged clothes and linen, scolded, soothed and "got round" the servants, and minded the chil- -dren in the afternoon, I am going to bed now to be fresh for the annoyances of tomorrow. May God guide me right, and bless our household. Harry is hoarse, and has been fretful all day. I hope she won't be sick! ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B27_F1_p105.jpg) Wednesday Morning 6. A.M. I was quite right in dreading washing day and butter-day. Jane Picket absolutely refused to churn though I said Sarah might help her. This morning Tom was out of doors by 5, and I by 6. in case of difficulties. The sound of the churn however proves that something was done, though Tom advising me to keep out of the way, so I don't know what. I always fear some extra trick behind Janey Pic's apparent submissions. After breakfast comes Essay No 2. The ironing must be done, and partially by Jane Picket. Jane Nelson must help, and then if I can I will turn Sarah in too. I confess that just at present housekeeping does not figure too pleas- -antly to me. I can hear Jane and Ann quarrel- -ling over this everlasting butter and milk question. I know there is a fine scene in waiting when the ironing is to begin. I would so like to jump in a wagon with Tom and run away from it all! But I know that there my duty lies, so I must not shirk it. Will my Heavenly Father help me to do my duty well and cheerfully! Yesterday Janes both washed, Sarah cleaned another stove, and made another chintz box cover. Ann finished arranging closets in the kitchen. I was obliged to mind babies a good deal, but I copied four foolscap pages for Tom on the Schuyl- -kill Meadow property, did some sewing, some ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B27_F1_p106.jpg) arranging and a good deal of supervising. Tom went to New Flanders and was gone till near tea-time. He came home very much exhausted and seems worn out today too. I fancy we shall neither of us be the better for today's exploits present or future. The work on our house is nearly through, I am thankful to say. I did not know till to-day that Tom galloped home when the woods both sides of the road were afire! No wonder he feels sick. Today is Friday, and he is gone to Buena Vista. I am expecting Judge and Mrs Wilcox for whom their old room is prepared. Yesterday Tom insured the house for $800, the furniture for $1000 The housekeeping has gone on well enough the last three days. Note- Work a good counter-irritant. Sunday 17th July. On Friday afternoon we papered one half the best room. Tom did not arrive home till very late. I thought it would be a pleasant surprise. Alas, Saturday Morning showed the pretty paper all stained through. So it must be left until Ament the painter comes to give me advice. Saturday morning I copied letters for Tom who went in the afternoon to Wilcox to bring the horses home. Meantime I had the large settee covered, did a little Saturday sewing, and ranged my photographic things in place. Made J.P. wash my hair too! No Judge and Mrs Wilcox! Wrote to Walter about coming here. Poor Tom came home worn out. He has a bad ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B27_F1_p107.jpg) headache and enlarged liver. I'm afraid the new horses will be a great bother as he has to exercise them daily. This morning I walked as far as the Lee Lot where John and he, returning with the horses, took me up. I hope I may be enabled to do my duty as house-mistress this week. Last week is well past. Let me think over what my duty is. On weekdays I know that my neglecting to exact the proper performance of duties of the servants, being injurious to them, is therefore a failure of duty on my part. I ought to set them an example of cheerful activity, method, and neatness. I am so mis- -erably deficient in all! With God's help I will try to amend. But in spiritual things. I have morning prayer, and a little Sunday service. But it is mere matter of lip worship with them. Ought not I to try to get at their hearts? Yet how? I pray God to send His Spirit to make my heart burn with- -in me till I speak rightly. We have much to be thankful for here. To see the children rosy and merry frolicking about all day instead of sick in the pent up atmosphere of town is of itself almost worth our expenses. Enormous as they seem my conscience does not prick me about them, because I cannot see how we could avoid them. There is not a house in the region equally healthfully placed, not one where we could get board without, well—bugs! included, supposing they people would take us. Well, until we ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B27_F1_p108.jpg) have a house of our own we must live somewhere. This was the only house we could get. It had to be repaired and furnished. Both have been done as cheaply as possible—I believe. Perhaps we, by ourselves, could have done with fewer rooms, but Tom thought that in case of sickness we ought to have one, open, clear, and airy. Then it is in our power to help our friends from the hot city by giving them food & shelter up here, and I do not think we ought to shelter ourselves behind economical talk from a duty of hospital- -ity so evidently within our promise. I was interrupted here by a fall. Tom was sitting on the top step of the stairs when Lyly rushed to him meaning to leap into his arms but missing him fell to the very bottom of the stairs. His mouth and nose bled a good deal but the dear fellow soon stopped crying. Wednesday. Barrett's. We left home yesterday morning as Tom had business here, and wished me to accompany him. I fear something will happen to the dear babies, and am so anxious to get back. I have a headache & so has poor Tom. We reached home and found all well. Thursday we got the carpet down and fortunate it was that we did so, for on Friday just as we sat down to tea, in came a carriage containing Walter his wife and child. I had great difficulty in making up beds for them, as I am short of pillows and mattresses, but by dint of sleeping ourselves on a pile of clothes and a sofa cushion ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B27_F1_p109.jpg) we got through the night. I hope God will help me to make their stay happy and pleasant to them. Their little one has very sore eyes, but I hope lead water will do them good. Sunday 24th. Little Nina's eye is much inflamed, and there is a white immovable spot round the cor iris and a raising of the sclerotic (?)coat round half the circle of the iris. Her mother is unhappy about her, with cause we fear. Our horse Peacock after being better is worse again. Yesterday we were quiet all the forenoon writing and sewing. After dinner Sabina and I walked as far as Struble's, and Tom and Walter rode to New Flanders. They came home to a late tea. We have a good supply of trout now, veal, and the expectation of deer meat. I am sorry to say about 9 lbs more of trout were wasted, having fallen into the fire while being smoked. It is almost time for our service—which is over now. We had a very good sermon on the duty of reserving time for religious duties. It is needed by me. Sabina notices that Willie's memory is failing fast. Oh Heaven- -ly Father, so merciful to me, open my eyes to see Thy Mercy towards him! It seems so hard a blow. And grant that the severe lesson taught Papa may not be thrown away. Make my dear Tom a Christian, giving him thy Holy Spirit that the anxious sorrow plowed wrinkles may vanish from his beloved face. Help us to order our worldly affairs in conformity with Thy laws, and ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B27_F1_p110.jpg) guide us in everything, that our footsteps may not slip. Thursday ¼ past 6 A.M. I hear that Weir Mitchell has a son, J.K. Mitchell. I hope he will be a blessing. The week is passing away very quietly. Yesterday Walter accompanied Tom to the Summit. They are going to camp out and to return today. Tom put off going so long dreading, I should not use so strong a word, disliking to leave me alone. I was very glad to have Sabina with me. Tom had a talk with Judge Wil- -cox who called here the other day, and he said he thought he had an offer for this place. I hope it is only talk. We have spent so much on it that I feel as if we had a right to lease it longer. Tom is talking about buying from 150 to 300 acres on the Summit to build on. I agree to this but wish I had the money to build with. However, God has provided us with plenty for this year. He will give us more if we need it. I do not think S.'s visit has done me much good. She tells me things about C.M. that make me uneasy about Papa's money— covetous I fear. Do I do my part to "improve her visit" to her. I know I do not. Heaven forgive me. My grumbling cook won't come to prayers. "Either I can't get breakfast or I can't come to prayers." I wonder what I ought to do! Sunday July 31st Walter and Sabina have just left us. I think they enjoyed their visit. [Written in left margin] yes, Kane ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B27_F1_p111.jpg) Sabina is hardworking, cheerful, and housewifely. She excels me in all three things, which being in my power I should attain. I am glad the pretty home God has given us, blesses others too. I hope we can make the boys happy, and Mother. As for me, perhaps I can make Tom happier by having Mother the rest of the summer, though when I see him worried and fretted I sha'n't feel so. At any rate I will try to make him feel them welcome, and to do as much to make them happy as Tom has done for Walter whom I fancy he loves as much, and sympathises with as little as I do with Johnny. I am more un- -easy about Pat than anyone. He is really sick- -ly, and accustomed to ease Tom never dreams of, and I fear I sha'n't be able to make him comfortable. Mother really is—Mother. I'll do my best for her, and she will make allow- -ances for deficiencies and give real, sound advice. I dread her coming for some things. Tom speaks of her acute smell. Now I cannot help the water smelling, I fear. When I think of her coming, my housekeeping seems to shrivel all up. I think the butter is bad, I fear dishes are not washed properly, and I am afraid it is my fault and that I ought to know better. I hope I shall learn to be a good housekeeper. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B27_F1_p112.jpg) that Harry may learn in time, and not have the painful feeling of deficiency I suffer under. I am afraid Tom thinks me an untidy housekeeper. I want to be neat. I took my first photograph here. The house from near the gate 35 seconds large camera It was on Friday last. Tuesday August 2nd. Dear Tom is off and away at Buena Vista, gone to meet Jarrett. I have been very busy du- -ring his absence. I have had the windows at Lucius' house scrubbed, as well as the pantry shelves. All the magazines are carried over there, and the station- -ery put in a large box here. I got a small barrel and dressed it in a red petticoat for Tom's maps, so now untidy corner no longer exists. Then I finished a novel Geoffrey Hamlyn, and coated two photographic plates. I must coat some others tonight for I fear some white light struck in and spoilt them. I have been putting down my accounts, and find the actual living cheap though the preliminary ex- -penses are very great. I am much cheered by some news Tom surprised me with last night- a lease of the house for three years at $250 the rent to be paid in repairs, counting those of this year.—Our next heaviest items are Horses, Cows, Saddles—We have 1138 down for these but they are investments, and I hope won't occur again. Poor Franky contributes $700 to paying that off, and ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B27_F1_p113.jpg) our old carriage $100. Freight is the next—and will be very much less next year. Travelling will not cost less, nor wages, but still the hope for next year is bright. I thank my Heavenly Father for His mercies, for my lovely home, my rosy happy children and my dearest husband. I thank Him for not being angry with me for being unable to trust fully that He would provide, and for showing us such bright prospects. We may lead the life we ought to—I am very thankful. I would like to write and tell Tot how happy I am, but my pen does not carry my thoughts as hers does. Wednesday August 3. Tom returned about seven P.M. having ridden over 43 miles in nine hours. Today I tried two dry plates prepared yesterday afternoon, but light had struck in on them. Tom tried to take me a ride but both the colts were frightened by my skirt, so he had to spend the late afternoon in drilling them. Tom is not very well, suffering from pain in his levis. Thursday. Tom started with me to drive to Buena Vista. By the time we reached Brown's it poured so that we were wet to the skin, and turned back. Our letters tell of the birth of a son to H. Wharton, and the dangerous illness of his wife. Prepared three dry plates as well as I could. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B27_F1_p114.jpg) Saturday. Friday. Started after breakfast for Buena Vista with Tom. Took views of the Krankin house and of "Buny". Tom said he was sure my plate holders admitted light. When we reached Alonzo Wilcox's house we found them in the greatest distress. Little Ida was very very ill with dysentery. Tom drove me home for medicines and we returned there at once, Tom going back after night while I stayed. She had had five passages in the five hours before I came, of blood and mucus. With the aid of lau- -danum and starch injections I subdued the disorder so far as to have five in nineteen hours the last being more natural. I was very anxious but thanks be to God, she seem- -ed so much better that on Sunday afternoon I left her for the night. The doctor arrived about two hours after I left. Monday August 8th Down to Buena Vista again. Little Ida so much better that I came home to dinner. I am so thankful she is spared to her poor mother. In the afternoon got my poor tired Tom to rest a little but he soon jumped up, and set to work superintending the deepening of our spring. In the evening developed plates—perfect failures! Shall I ever succeed. Every one else seems to succeed at once! ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B27_F1_p115.jpg) Tuesday Aug. 9th Last night came letters telling us that poor Mrs Wharton was probably dying, and that Pat might not come to us on Harry's account. It flashed across me—What is Bessie feeling? I hope for her sake that Kate Wharton will recover, and soon. Poor Bess! Wrote to Becky yesterday renewing my invitation. Sent Mother a little note of welcome. Made a bed and two pillow tickings—glued my camera, made up accounts, photographic journal, and wrote this. Today is hot and sultry—every one cross. Cook rebels because I have no daily kitchen dessert! John because Tom wants venison smoked—the children fight because I won't let them run bare- -headed through the sun—Tom goes off late to Teutonia heated and tired—everything goes wrong. Last night Tom received his appointment as Agent for the 5000 Acres owned by the Sun- -bury and Erie R.R. Co. here. I do not know whether it is meant as more than a compli- -ment or not. Strangely enough I wrote on Tuesday August 9 <10> 1858, that the day before Tom received his appointment as Agent of the Mc. K. & E. Co. and another odd little coincidence is that I wrote that on the first page of the first half of the book, and this on the first page of the second half. As Tom was away and my failures could not mortify him I coated three dry plates to try in my little camera. Then to test the ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B27_F1_p116.jpg) time I took a picture of the potato patch my dear Agent is so much pleased with. Ten sec. very good. He was pleased when he returned, tired as he was. Wednesday. Tom started at six this morning to fetch his mother. I have been very busy all day. First, getting the rooms prepared for my guests, straw tickings filled, soap cut, candle- -sticks and brasses cleaned, Tom's clothes and my own put out of people's way, extra papers but away, and the never ending office-table cleared. When I tried my dry plates. One will print. The others were too short a time exposed. Next time I will be longer yet. Had the kitchen stove mended, ordered a deer killed on Friday. Learned a German lesson, and croche'd a little. Prepared 5 dry plates, wrote to Bess and Tot. Thursday. Went off with John and the children to Hoyts to see about having a deer killed, and took my cam- -era with me. "Dowton" our gray horse had a skirmish with a colt on the road. I took the Lime Kiln views, three in number, and they developed nicely enough. About half past six in the evening or later, they ar- -rived, tired enough. I gave them a supper they professed to enjoy—roast partridges, Sally Lunn, and sponge cake, bread and maple syrup. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B27_F1_p117.jpg) Friday. Rain all day, no deer, nor trout brought in. I am glad I had that venison jerked the other day. I made a pudding, did what I could to help Mother, and to copy for Tom. Read a Review of Tennyson's new Poem Idyls of the King. I wish I had it for Tom. Saturday. Copied for Tom, prepared a pudding, and after dinner Tom drove me to a funeral at Mrs Lucas' house. It was a very painful scene, and I hope I sha'n't soon have to attend another. On my return heard that little Mary Burlingame who is sick, was worse. Found Idyls of the King on the table, sent by Papa. Sunday. This morning we find one of the apple trees with its trunk entirely stripped of bark by some wild beast. I want to make rules for my guidance, this day. I am very thankful for the sweet days I have enjoyed alone with my dear Tom. Now let me try to make his mother and her family happy. Keep in mind that it does make Tom happier to have them, than to be alone with me. That it pleases Mother to inspect matters. Keep from my absurd touchiness about remarks on housekeeping or managing. Remember that it is a higher duty to listen patiently when Mother likes to talk than any improve- -ment my mind would gain by study at the time And also that while my own dirty heart is seething with envy malice and all uncharitableness I have no right to despise others. Let me remember that my sins are not cured because they sleep when there is no one to rouse them. Let me show ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B27_F1_p118.jpg) my own generous lover whose devotion to me I can never repay, a cheerful front, and not only make him believe me, but really be, heartily and truly glad to have Mother and Bessie live with me henceforward. Besides in the winters I shall be free. But that is wrong to think of. I find myself almost ready to boast that count the months before I can leave, instead of counting those I may stay, in the lovely home God gives me. May He pardon my ingratitude, and help me to do right! Tuesday. Sunday evening was not as pleasant as it should have been. I came very near disputing with my dearie, and am thankful I conquered myself in time. I sleep now with Mother, and Tom is glad. but I feel as if I missed the quiet rest with my head on his dear bosom. It may be a fancy but I seem to myself to have irritated feelings soothed, and unhappy ones calmed almost as soon as I do lie down—to rest—even when I do not tell him of them that his sympathy may by expressed in words. He does not know how much of a sacrifice it is to me, especially when he is busy or away all day—to lose the quiet talk and restful sleep of night. Yesterday I printed some pictures but it began to rain, and I have not finished them yet. We began haying too, in bad weather. Let me semester that irritation felt at inspection of or comment upon my management, is a proof of ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B27_F1_p119.jpg) bad housekeeping. I should be glad to know that things could well bear it. Mother wants me to breakfast at six—and says at any rate the washing and ironing should be under weigh before breakfast. I have not had it done hitherto for two reasons. One that J.P. would not be able to come in to prayers, the other that I feared she would "cut up rough" about working by herself. If I make J.S. too set to work before breakfast I must dress the children myself. The gain of time has not seemed sufficient to me, as the work is done I thought soon enough. We have Mother's wash however, and Johnny's, so I will see see about whether I ought not to do it Saturday. The two remaining plates made pretty pictures of Williamsville hill. I printed them and a very pretty one of the house on Thursday. No Pat yet! In the afternoon wrote to Mr Guillou, prepared six dry plates, and took two wet ones of views from our house. Wrote to Sabina in the morning. Sunday. Another week begun. I am wearing into harness pretty well. Duty must not be neglected even if other things seem pleasanter. May God help me to make Tom happier. I am sure that he is not happy. He frets, works too hard, and looks anxious It must be partly, if not entirely, my fault. Our life is spent just now in a very quiet way. Mother rises at five, I lie till nearly six, a quarter ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B27_F1_p120.jpg) before seven we have prayers, breakfast at seven, dine at twelve, supper at six, bed at nine. I am not taking exercise enough, and sitting quietly down all day doesn't agree with me. I have been making puddings and cake, but a sort of obstinate laziness has prevented me from sewing, as I know I ought to be doing, and Mother must think me lazy in the extreme. I crochet, and photograph pleasantly enough, but I must sew. I detest sewing! I drew a ground plan of the house for Aunt Alida which I will stick in here— [Outline drawn on page of the house floorplan] ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B27_F1_p121.jpg) 114 Sunday August 28th. No writing done this week. My cook has had a bad felon, and Janey Pic. is quite lame. Pat and Mr Phillips came on Thursday, and I have been housekeepingly worried ever since. Last Monday we went to New Flanders where I took six pictures, all failures. Mother is not as content as she was for the sons do not think she ought to keep house as she wants to. I will try to make them all happy, but my dearie looks thin and weary, and has bad headaches. His last news from Philadelphia says that a bad debt of $500 has been repaid. Pat says Mother's estate cannot just now repay either principal or interest of what it owes Tom. Still we are looking up in wordly matters. He has about In bank, say $750 Salary over due 1000 Advanced the Co. 500 Sent Mother's estate about 2600 In Chicago Stock 3800 Borrowed by Pat 8650 500 Interest from Nov. 1857 on $1380=9150 .92 165.60 lent the Judge, to Novr. 1859 9471 156 9471.60 Interest or dividends on Chicago since February - (None) Interest on Mother's load since July (?) 1858 - 15600 Besides a house for two summers, three hourses, five cows, and a piece of land he paid $1200 for, and worth more now. So I don't think we need complain. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B27_F1_p122.jpg) Thursday Septr. 1st. John was to go today, but as I write he decides to remain till Monday, and go then with Mr Phillips. They were in the woods the last three days and there Tom and Pat joined them on Tuesday. All but Tom returned last night. He is still out in the woods, my darling. Friday 2nd. A grand pic-nic in the woods. We went to "the Rocks", Mother, Pat, John, Mr Phillips, Tom and myself. At Roper's we left the carriage, Mother rode Jerry led by Tom and John, the rest of us going afoot. We were recruited by the addition of Roper with his axe, and reached the Rocks in great spirits. I meant to do my best to make them enjoy themselves, but I was seduced by a novel, and did not contribute to the cheerfulness of the party as I should have done. Tom had to check me. Coming home we lost our way, and all the pleasure of the party. Pat tells me that our Chicago Company will pay no dividend this half year, so we are $190 poorer. Saturday 3rd Drove to New Flanders, and took two photo- -graphs. Developed them at night—taking a rest in the afternoon. Sunday 4th Quiet uneventful day, Mother packing to go off, and I a little bothered by money matters. Tom makes me promise to go to Barrett's with them on their way home. I wish they could have gone without one quarrel. I am sorry to find our expenses so great, and also that the wine and whiskey Tom bought are stolen. It was money thrown away however at any rate. $35. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B27_F1_p123.jpg) There is one thing to remember. If we will have guests we must go to great expenses, less here than elsewhere. Their coming I cannot blame myself for, and my duty was only to make them as happy as I could, and to do it as cheaply as I could. This I have done, so I need not blame myself if two ends don't meet. I only wish Tom had made himself happier in their company! Let me try to make September different in its results. Sunday 11th September. Mother left us on Monday. We went with her as far as Barrett's returning Tuesday morning. As we drove down our mountain we met a man with a telegram announcing the sale of Fern Rock for $28,000. I went with Tom to Teutonia on Friday, and I made six hopeless pictures. We are now absorbed in doubts as to our future home. Tom explained to me what I did not know before that the Company value their land about $20 the acre. As Tom wants 250 acres of course we could not afford it. Tom wants the Com- -pany to have a village near the Summit Sta- -tion and near it he proposes living. Now the Co. will probably let him have his land a little lower than others. He has two or three projects. I hope God will guide us to do right. There are fewer days to remain here I find than I thought. Tom and I will both have more than enough to do. The priest dined here today. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B27_F1_p124.jpg) Let me write down the sewing I ought with the servants aid to finish before going home, or from home I should say. Winter coat for Harry. Same for Elisha Two winter frocks for H. Three for E. <3 for H> Six white aprons each. 2 Nightgowns each Shirts for Tom Nightgowns and jackets for me Knit two shirts for Harry. Alter two pairs of pantaloons for Tom. Hopeless amount I fear! I'll do what I can. Tom's land plans are, to buy Mr Struthers' interest in 3131 and then to exchange acre for acre with the com- -pany. It is far finer land than the Company's, but Mr Struthers will probably sell lower. He would have to buy 500 acres and I urged that he should offer $7 for it with the view of parting with 250. He says he could not bear to part with it, it is such fine land. But he says he will give it up, so he wrote to offer Mr Struthers $5 for it,—Mr S. probably expecting between $40 and $50. Tom has another plan. Certain men own good claims against the Co. in 3176, he offers to buy them out, and exchange them for land. His third plan is to buy shares from Tom Seiper who is willing to sell at $5. They are all excellent. I hope one or other may suc- -ceed. I wrote to Mother, and to Papa, and a long letter to Tot confidential, and therefore, not to be sent. I was writing to her about certain questions of faith ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B27_F1_p125.jpg) among other things, and mentioned a lesson I have lately had to make me trust in God's mercy and justice. Tom and I have had a pleasant week I think. May God bless and sanctify the labors of this one! Thursday. Last Monday Tom and I spent at Flanders, to New Flanders. We rode down on horseback and while Tom was busy I knitted. Knitting has been my chief occupation till today when I have done some machine work on Tom's shirts, and made jumbles. I am terribly bothered about money matters. Friday 16 Tom was away, and I had a busy day yesterday. I took a stroll with the babies in the woods and was delighted with Harry's awe in the "wild wild woods" as she called them. Sabina sent a hood to me and a very pretty sacq jacket to Harry of her own knitting, and I found them lying on the table when I came in. The sight was rather a reproach to me for as I returned home through the "all golden afternoon " I had half grudged Walter the income so much larger than Tom's. I hope the lesson S's kind thoughtfulness taught was not lost. My tired darling got home just in time to meet Webster How- -ard who bored us for the rest of the evening. I finished a knitted shirt for Harry. Friday and Saturday were both rainy. I sewed, did some copying for Tom, and wrote to Sabina and Mother, and a long letter to Papa on the Idyll's of the King. Sunday. No news yet on the subject of our future. We are trying to leave the matter in God's hands ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B27_F1_p126.jpg) I have prayed Him to decide for us if we should build here or not. Much as I long to do so, I feel as if matters looked unpromising, and I hope that if it is right for us not to build God will show us so emphatically, and that we shall be able to live on cheerfully here. And why should we not? It is safe now for some years, and with the improvements of our yearly rent laid out upon it will be more comfortable and larger than any house we could afford to build. We are looking forward to an unpleasant win- -ter. A nursery, and one room for our bedroom, sitting room, and parlor study is but a poor exchange for our freedom here. God help me to remember how many have only such cramped room for all the year. I pray Him to help me to make it a sanctuary of peace and rest to my dear husband that he may feel his hap- -piest Home ever within the four walls that enclose wife and children. If He will deign to grant us health I am sure we can be happy, and we ought to make it a profitable winter to our minds. Tom thinks I ought to go often, to attend I[--]ean, the Female Medical College. Now a question arises—Ought I to be so much away from my children? Jane's honesty is to be relied upon, but her discretion? We have decided to buy oxen and put New Flanders into order though unauthorised by the Board, as it is lying waste, and the man who is put in to keep possession being a useful fellow can soon make the ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B27_F1_p127.jpg) farm come into some order. We must make the first outlay ourselves, and perhaps never be repaid. Although it may not be a worldly wise step still I confess I have agreed with Tom to risk it. I cannot feel as if it were right for God's good land to run to waste. The past week ends the work of the men upon the Summit Road. The lines about 3290 are not yet completed but are occupying all Tom's thoughts. His summer's work shows very well. I don't know whether the Company will approve the outlay but if Tom continues agent a few years will prove his wisdom. I have heard many people speak of Tom's genius, but I am absolutely astonished at the prac- -tical sense and business talent he displays. If we could afford to build on a farm of our own I think I should not be afraid of the results. I hope we shall not be very long in suspense. Improvements here are, after all on another's land. Monday. Last night my head ached so that Tom took me for a walk as far as Burlingame's. They made one appoint- -ment for today, and then I was glad to get to bed. Today I cleaned glass plates, knitted, plotted a map for Tom, wrote in my copying book, and called on "Good Misses Brown." Tom reached home worn out out to get overwhelmed by men on business. First the Weiderts—whisky them—a man to serve a notice of Ejectment on the Company—whiskey him—We ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B27_F1_p128.jpg) send tea away till the process server goes—then sit down—in come Hamlin the Howards and Totten— whiskey them—and they prose all my tired boy's evening away. Tuesday Septr 27. A long time since I wrote and a very busy one. Yesterday was delicious, and I secured one first rate dry plate. Only one however, the two others I tried were a failure. Judge Wilcox came and tried to persuade Tom to run for congress next year. Tom is far from well being headachy and sick. He had a hard day at New Flanders last Friday, was so giddy indeed that he fell into the creek. Saturday he would go to Ridgway finishing his work and returning by 11 the same night—Sunday some people came to see him, and yesterday he saw people for 13½ hours on business. Today he is fit for nothing. I am troubled about my accounts. I have done my very best to economise yet I find that we must spend beyond our income living as we now do. What is to be done? I know many people of less income who dress better than I do, who seem to live as well. I pray God to help me to do as I should. Thursday. All yesterday I was quite useless with a bad sickheadache. Today I was much better and in the after- -noon drove to the little Catholic church and took two pictures. On the way home stopped at Mrs Browns & found Mary Anne Allen had a daughter. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B27_F1_p129.jpg) My pictures were very successful. Friday Took a long drive, to Keefer's, with Tom. Saturday Principally, past in sewing. I am at work on the children's winter clothes. This is S. Butler's wedding day. Sunday. Two delicious walks with Tom. Wrote to Papa and Tot. Pat. Tom is writing to Evan Thomas who has been very ill. I am still chiefly occupied in thought by plans for saving. It is startling to see how fast our principal is melting though I do my very very best to be a saving wife. God forgive me if I am careless. Sunday 9th October. Last Tuesday I prepared some plates, Tom being away at S. Mary's. Wednesday we spent at Teutonia I obtained two tolerable pictures which I printed on Friday breaking my pretty negative of the Catholic church, by the bye. Thursday came a letter of rare good news. Mother wrote to say that Aunt Ann would like to spend the winter there, and would charge but $15 a week. This makes us feel very grateful to God. So different from what we anticipated! I know there are one or two drawbacks but they are not to be counted in the same breath with the blessings. It will not only be a saving to us of the $3 a week in board, but in clothes, and also in evening lectures and concerts, treats I had determined upon having as I did not think it would be right or wise to shut ourselves up in our cheerless boarding- ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B27_F1_p130.jpg) house bed-room all the long winter evenings. Mother asked if Tom could accompany Evan to Europe if he went. Tom wrote her a long answer without either positively refusing or half acceding. We determined that as we now see matters it was not his duty, but that we would try to do whatever God pointed out. I hope he need not go. Our partings are not pleas- -ant, and his journey would be a painful and troublesome one, even if we could bear the expense. "Expense" reminds me that Mr Biddle also wrote, the letter coming the same day, to say that he was ready to pay the $660 owed by the Co. last spring. He will also pay the cheques Tom has drawn this summer. Tom will therefore be able to pay all expenses on the sur- -veying of 3290, the work of Amend there, the pair of oxen, and the laying out of the Summit Road. Over and above, he will have nearly $600, I believe, to repay himself. Although no mention is made of his salary I am relieved from money worries, and am glad to think that it is the direct answer to my prayers. Ann's mother is sick, and I shall send her and Sarah home as soon as the money comes. The young priest Ehrhardt dined here, and being unac- -customed to wine got his tongue loosened to talk pretty freely. Among other things he gave Tom the Catholic objections to free masonry—and the reason why he knew so little English—namely the fear of the Abbot that as soon as the young priests learned it they ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B27_F1_p131.jpg) would run away. "Will Henry" Jackson took tea here and was quite interesting. He has been until lately at S. Mary's, intending to be a priest but leaving there on account, he says of the poor fare. There are three priests and fourteen lay brothers. The only distinction made is that the priests have a cloth on their end of the table, and drink from queensware cups in place of tin. Their morning meal is a slice of bread and a glass of water, at noon meat and sauerkraut, at supper mush and either sweet or sour milk as they fancy. When there is company they have batter cakes and mo- -lasses. Three times a week they fast, and three times a week have a cup of coffee. The Benedictine rules is adapted to each country. In Europe St Benedict's rule gives each brother a half pint of wine daily. Here coffee is given instead. They eat but one meal during Lent. The sisters fare the same, and the lay-sisters work afield. There are fourteen prio[-]ies under the jurisdiction of the Abbot of the American Congregation who is under a Procurator General at Rome. There are two establishments of Trap- -pists here (from Ireland) who are a Benedictine fra- -ternity also. One is near Springfield Kentucky, the other in Iowa. The discipline has, in this climate, to be somewhat relaxed. He mentioned that three bears crossed the road here, skirted the woods back of Lucius's and re- crossed the road at Kleisath's going into the ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B27_F1_p132.jpg) forest behind us, about three weeks ago. After he was gone I asked Tom if he had known it, and if that was why he had objected to my strolling in the woods alone, lately. He had known, but forgot to tell me. He confessed that he had met a wolf between Sower's (the next clearing, back of us) and the next to it. Comparing notes I found that the chil- -dren and I had been to the edge of Sower's clearing about an hour before. I should like to see a wolf, at a safe distance. The wild "beastesses" are quite thick this year. We heard wolves this summer nearer than ever before, and there was a panther up here not many weeks ago. But the elk tracks are disappearing from this neighborhood. Tom cut so many paths into their forests when hunting railroad-lines (his chief game) that the cattle got to their Sicks and they have quietly disappeared like so many fairies. An uncivilised sort of place this, where a few dishonest Yankees live on the taxes, and where the rather more honest "Dutch" carry into their clearings the small animosities of their special small countries—Rhenish Prussia against Bavaria, Alsace against Belgium etc, etc. S. Mary's has nearly a thousand inhabitants—bitter poor people, who do forget former patriotic differences to unite in hatred of the Public School System of their present country, whose school directors perjure themselves to put the control of the school fund into the hands of the priests, and whose grand ambition is ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B27_F1_p133.jpg) to shut up a son or daughter in one of the rickety religious houses on the windy hill—satisfied to see them make a figure in the grand procession through the mud of the unpaved street of S. Mary on Corpus Christi Day—or to see them whether as "sum-m-ject" or "om-m-ject" fo filling a place in one of the frequent funerals that leave the chilly convent buildings to wind among the barren fields where the dead stumps stand like so many tombstones of the forest, to the little graveyard with its strangely made crosses, like frames for fire works, with their black and white paint. "A dismal country, hard to live in?" I shudder with cold, for our wood fire is dying out. Tom piles on a log or two, and as the pleasant light flickers on the walls, I recall the soft, green grass, the gold-green maples and emerald-dark hemlocks, the lovely forest path, the mellow sunshine, soft blue sky and the shimmer of Clarion, as we took our morning stroll. I recall the aspect of our cheery little home as we returned, the low-pitched roof, and white walls nestling among the apple trees, and our children's healthy faces, and I change my mood and say "To us, a most blessed country to live in!" Let us thank God and show ourselves thankful by not thinking as harshly of its struggling inhabitants as I have written on the preceding page! ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B27_F1_p134.jpg) Sunday Octr 16 Too busy a week to write. On Monday I minded the children all day. Tuesday was Election Day. I took charge of the children and cut out clothes all morning. A trapper named Pelton came to stay with us, and we had him, Cornelius, Hamlin, and a gentleman named Nicholls to dinner. After dinner we drove to the polls, and then to Pistner's Hill. Mr Burlingame and Cornelius drank tea with us. I wish I were not too tired and sleepy to write down all their interesting talk! Wednesday. Took care of the children and had the dining room cleaned, the carpets shaken and the rag carpet put down. Thursday. Wrote to Pat, Mother, Bess & Papa. Ann and Sarah left. By borrowing $5 from Jane Picket I was able to give them $33 to travel home with but I wish Pat would send us some more money quickly. Friday & Saturday. Passed in minding the babies. A constable has carried off Mr Hart so our potatoes are the safer. Mr & Mrs Howard & Mr Burlingame drank tea with us. Wrote to Mother, Willie & Aunt Alida. Sunday 23rd. Another busy week, characterised only by the advent of $485 paid by Mother's estate, and by our first real snowstorm. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B27_F1_p135.jpg) Sunday 30th October. Again too busy to find time to write. Tom was at New Flanders or Bridge- -town I forget which, on Monday, I busy at house- -work. Tuesday after dinner rode to Flanders with him. Wednesday the snow fell incessantly Thursday we shut up the house and all took a sleighride, but the rough sleigh was too heavy and the snow too soft and our horses were ex- -hausted. Friday & Saturday were adventureless. I sewed a good deal, but that was all. Tom was really sick and depressed. keeping his bed for consid- -erable part of two or three days. I wrote to John & Bess today, and to Harry & Helen. Monday. Washing day, which means particularly house work for me. I had the children to mind. and the dishes to wash, and rooms to dust & arrange, and dessert to make. Still I got a good deal of sewing done, and would have re- -joiced over the day as well spent, but for Lyly's being threatened with croup. We sat up late, Tom till twelve, but he got through the night without it. Tuesday November 1. I never thought to see my- -self here at this season! Little Harry fell against a sharp projecting beam and hurt her forehead. She complains of headache. Tom's headache kept him abed till near dinner time poor fellow, but I contrived with my blessed sewing ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B27_F1_p136.jpg) machine to do a great deal of work. It is a little after four now—Tom has been dictating to me, and is now gone to give Burlingame notice of our intention to leave next Tuesday, if we can. Tom has been very wretched. He thinks that Pat's delay in writing is caused by his having had a conversation with members of the Board which leads him to believe that Tom will soon be deprived of his office. He thinks he ought to study medicine. Again his thoughts turn to California. Oh God, guide us, I pray! If it would be better to go there let not my selfishness detain us! Show us our duty I pray! Sunday Nov 6. My last in Elk County this year, I suppose. We expect to leave here on Tuesday the 8th if this lovely weather holds. On Friday I rode with Tom to say goodbye to the Browns and visit a mis- -erably poor Copp family. Our work is nearly over, and I am again feeling sorry to leave my pleasantest summer in Elk County. I hear that our sweet neighbor Mr Hart (how did he get over the consequences of the "handful of warrants?") has had his eye blacked by the intrepid Mrs Hall. Webster Howard and Mr Totten are spending the evening with Tom. He fancied that Lucius Wilcox might come to pay for Dowton, but I guess that will be a bad debt. I wish I knew how to get it! Well, what is our Summary of the Summer? ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B27_F1_p137.jpg) I find we all leave in good health, and that we have accomplished a great deal of work. Our own living has been cheap—servants wages and travelling costly—Result to me is—that we might by living alone here with strict economy live within our income. I wish I could persuade Tom to sell our carriage and horses, and buy one for his own riding, or else if he must have two, let one be a good saddle horse. Guests and preparations for them will ruin us. If Charlotte, Mother, and Bess, come, they must pay a good board, or we cannot keep them. As my diary is private let me stretch my mind from what I have to keep from Tom and say how heartily I wish they would take it into their heads not to come next year. I shall offer to Mother to let her keep house, and it will be perfectly intolerable. Tom's nerves are worried till he is unfit for anything, and his long looked for pleasure ends in leaving him head aching, low spirited and sick. Of course, as he feels about their coming I feel about Tot, and do not dread that alone. But the three together! Poor Mother's energy "hurries up" every one tell we don't know whether we are on our heads or heels. I get frightened and perplexed like a cow before a carriage, and do everything awkwardly and wrong. So do the servants who resemble me and those who are nervous in a different ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B27_F1_p138.jpg) way grow impudent. I suppose I am selfish. When I have had my say out here, I can bottle it all up if I can't eradicate it. But I have so enjoyed my freedom, allowed to form my own opinions, to speak my own mind, and not to see Tom perpetually scolded, or reproved, or advised, or made to do everything in the way most specially unsuited to him. He has been happy too—except just as the effect of their visit crops out—and his health, and nerves, and spirits are improved, and he is so much better able to work! Now with my house duties, attention to Tom and the children, my time is fully occupied. I wish I could settle the old question how far my duties to the family go. If I should be so happy, next summer as to be carrying a little one in my bosom ought I to risk its nerves, as those of Harry and Lyly were risked? Ought I to let Tom's be so tried? I am inclined to answer No. Yet if I say that I must I suppose apply it to Tot, too. And I long to have her. So I must just be thankful for this delightful summer, and when the time comes bear the burden as I may. But, whew, it is hard some- -times! Now having written all that down I feel ashamed, remem- -bering Mother's entire unselfishness, the sorrow she never speaks of, and her love for us, and that if she loved us less, and tried to help us less—the very things I complain of, would cease. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B27_F1_p139.jpg) Sunday November 13th Greenwood. We left dear little Upland on Tuesday after an early dinner breaking down just before reaching Hafner's. So Janey Pic. and I ploughed back, about 4½ miles through the mud. We didn't reach home until some time after the moon rose, but we had beds unpacked and supper ready long before Tom and the children arrived. Tom got the carriage to hold together by some ingenious arrangement of poles. Next day we made a fresh start and reached Barrett's. Tom went to Smethport in the evening and sent me over to give $5 to a poor woman who sent us a tremendous cake of maple sugar before we left in return. Thursday we jogged to Olean, took the night train, and after some detention reached New York in time to see the Phila train glide out of the station! However Papa was there and we had a nice talk together. He made us get on a train at 12, which being an accommodation one, gave us the satisfaction of joining at Bordentown the one which left two hours after. Pat and John were waiting for us, and we bade Janey Pic. goodbye and came out here. Aunt Ann greeted us most warmly, and we are treated as her own. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B27_F1_p140.jpg) We have a large lofty room for ourselves, and a nice garret for the children. Bess, Pat, and J.P.G. came out to see us yesterday. Dear Pat has given me a nice cloak. A most singularly well-timed gift! He has a room in his offices set apart for Tom, and has his "tin" up. The Company has it seems got a debt of over 50,000 dollars to pay off, and Mother's Estate will have to pay about $1000. We may whistle for the salary! We conclude to sell our carriage and horses next fall if we come down. But if matters are no better we shall stay up, all winter. I have been very unhappy to watch Tom; who is as sad as he can be, and talking so dispiritedly, as if he cared for nothing this side of the grave, nor for the future, that he makes me feel as if I could not keep up. I am just now not worrying about money, but religion. Oh that Tom were a Chris- -tian! When they were chanting in the church I could scarcely refrain from sobbing, or shrieking out my yearning prayers to God for him, my dearly beloved. I felt as if—the Doom might fall upon me too some day if dear Tom cannot be roused, cheered, consoled. I have my own troubles fears I daren't tell him of, nor write down, and when an additional gloom settles down on Tom I am almost ready to sink. Out of the depths I cry unto thee for help, Oh my Saviour! ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B27_F1_p141.jpg) Ah for strength to fulfill my duties, and clear eyes to see them! Mother is away with some of the Leipers to pay a visit in New York. That is why I haven't men- -tioned her. Tom wants me now to decide as to what we ought to do, whether to build, casting ourselves fairly into Elk County, or to hang on at the old hose. I have prayed for guidance and now as the old Christians and as Oberlin did, shall cast lots. Mr Black sent him papers about the Moun- tain Meadow Massacre and asked if he could give any facts in favor of the Mormons. I think he ought to write anything he can say. December 4th Tom has wrriten to Pat a note as follows: " (Written letter) Kingsessing Dec. 1. 1859 My dear Pat: Couldn't you oblige me by having Johnny Green draw up a complete statement of the Debts & Credits in Elisha's Estate? I am sure I appreciate the numerous good reasons why they should not be paraded before Court [-]: but, as I was at least his nominal Executor, I feel as if I would like the family to know the real state of things between us. Your attached brother Thomas L. Kane ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B27_F1_p142.jpg) Tom and I both think it time that matter were settled. My poor Willie has been very ill, Papa has just left Florence after being with him nearly a week. I have been at the Female Medical College for the last few days. December 16th I have been more than a little unhappy this week. Two subjects were procured, and we have begun dissecting and are lectured on the subject. The poor amount of courage I mustered has been almost exhausted, and yet I feel it my duty to keep on. My subject's head falls to me, and it took all my prayers to bring me up to the point of making the first incision. Today, after two hours demonstration on the peritoneum, my head and stomach rebelled and I had to leave. I don't feel willing to give up, but the sight and smell never leave me. I dream at night, think all day, am reminded when I eat, and am in a fair way to be sickened. But as I hope I am learning only for Christ's sake I hope he will help me through. And day after tomorrow comes one of His blessed days of Rest. Tom read his Report to the meeting of the Mc K. & E. Board today. They seemed well pleased, particularly with his plan of the Summit Station, and his Road Maps. Dr Elder has been very ill and wants Tom to go to see him. As he proba- -bly wants money Tom is puzzled to know what to do. I have had my photograph taken as a Christmas gift for the girls, Willie, Tom, and Pat. They are the only gifts I shall make. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B27_F1_p143.jpg) 136 Sunday December 18th 1850 Well, yesterday morning I felt miserably: While I was writing my diary on Friday evening, Aunt Ann said there was some- -thing the matter with me she was sure—had I been seeing bodies, were they dissecting at that place. Now Tom expressly forbade any mention of the subject, so what could I do? I equivocated, or I may as well tell the truth, lied. I thought I would ask Tom to let me tell her afterwards. He told me, this was yesterday morning before breakfast, that I had better not tell, I must sink in Aunt Ann's estimation, and she would surely tell Mother who would scold him till she drove him wild. Then he offered to tell Aunt Ann himself next week, as a new thing. He wanted to spare me the shame, my darling. But my conscience, may I hope that God's Holy Spirit was in my soul! prompted me, saying that if I were a Catholic I might inflict a penance and feel the sin expiated, but that as I believe that to show repentance for a sin is to repair its consequences; I ought to do it. And the only way to repair this was to confess to the person, even if it were attended with humiliation that I had told a lie. I did not feel as if I could take the Communion, or as if God's Spirit would aid me through the trial of dissecting if I persisted in my lie. So my dearie gave me leave. Aunt Ann was very kind, and God helped me to tell. I felt so much better for it, and went to my work ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B27_F1_p144.jpg) with an easy conscience. It was much easier work to bear today. We finished the intestines, and then came Dr Birdsall's lecture during which we were annoyed by the presence of 25 or 30 medical students (men) Afterwards the lame and purblind Miss Paine and I stayed alone and dissected nearly two hours. I grew quite interested in seeing and recognising the various muscles as I laid them bare. Afterwards dined at Cousin Mary Gray's, and came back here at nightfall in a furious storm of rain & wind. My dearie was waiting with the carriage at the head of the lane, and as we drove down with his arm round me, and his soft kisses showering on my face I "guess" I was very happy. This morning Tom went as usual to the House of Refuge. I went with Aunt Ann to her church. In the Lesson I was struck with the text "Be careful for nothing, but in everything with prayer and supplication, with thanksgiving, let your requests be made known unto God." I am going to ask Him to show me my duty about giving. Dr Elder has been sick and has sent for Tom to come to see him. I thinks he will want money. Now we are spending more than our income- it seems to me as if I could not spend less—yet I don't feel as if we could afford to give away anything more. What ought we to do? I long for wisdom! Papa generally since his failure has sent me a Xmas gift of $50 and I had meant to spend it in various nice ways but Tom thinks we ought to give to the Female Medical ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B27_F1_p145.jpg) Hospital so if Papa gives it to me this year I will give it. But I am trying to do without luxuries, so is Tom— indeed I don't see where we can cut down. I don't want to be selfish to poor Dr Elder. I am afraid of covetousness, I cannot but think Papa would have offered to help us, or at least invited us to visit him this winter if Mamma had been alive, and it is not my business to think about it at all. December 23rd Today I was from ½ past 9 till ½ past one at the College. We had one lecture on the bronchial tubes, and there from 11 till half past one I was busy dissecting the eye, and chin of my subject. It is becoming a most interesting work, thank God. He can bring honey out of the lion. Bessie came out to dinner to fill the children's stockings I am tired out with standing on my feet so long. Oh how wonderful, how awful our being is! Yesterday Dr Coates (Surgery) lectured for two consecutive hours on Tumours of the Rectum. He has been on the subject a week—a most painful and repulsive one. I wrote to Papa on Sunday asking him what he thought on the subject of guidance given by God in answer to prayer. In his reply he introduced a long quotation from a letter of Mamma's on the subject, concluding with "She being dead, yet speaketh!" I was very grate- -ful for the letter, for I had prayed God to give me guidance (Tom has been dispirited and wishing to go to California and while I prayed God to decide, I was puzzled to know ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B27_F1_p146.jpg) whether my anxiety to stay in Elk County was put into my heart by God or not. Tom said he felt himself growing old, and in Elk County we should always be poor while if he lost his agency we should have nothing to live on. In rich California we should be almost sure to grow rich, at least enough, to leave to leave our children independent. As I said I was puzzled to know how to tell what God's answer was, and prayed Him to help me to understand. He put it in my head to write to ask Papa—"If you had two paths of duty before you, and could not tell which was the one God wished you to take, and you prayed His decision how would you read it?" I made no mention of the nature of my question, but Papa's answer was so directly to the point that I know he was guided by God. And oh how good, Merciful Father, to send me thy answer through the mouth of my dead mother. I am sure that if Thou lettest the saints know what goes on here, that her spirit rejoiced to be permitted to give, as mine to receive, Thy message. I thank Thee, oh Prayer Hearer for this token, this plain answer. Oh forgive my frailty if I doubt Thy promises again. It is so blessed to reach for awhile to this heaven of peace, to realise that Thou art with me, Thy rod and Thy staff they comfort me! And now Lord, since I see it is Thy will I joyfully embrace take this path of poverty. I know that Thou canst help me to make it joyful to Tom, and ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B27_F1_p147.jpg) that I can be useful in that life. Oh dear God, I know that one day Thou wilt make my darling a Christian. Give me patience to bide Thy time! Tuesday December 27th I asked Tom to go to church with me on Christmas Day and he very kindly went, but his heart did not go with him. Let me possess my soul in patience! Yesterday the children had a royal show of gifts, and we had some nice useful ones. Papa sent me $50 and Cousin Margaret sent me his daguerreotype. Mother gave me a quan- tity of preserves, and paid for my bonnet, Aunt Helen gave me a plated molasses pitcher, and Aunt Ann two good flannel petticoats. Bess gave me a book stand [drawing] holding six or seven books. The gifts I gave were chiefly my own photograph. We dined at Aunt Patterson's calling on Aunt Alida, and Pat. I then called at Cousin M. Gray's, and Tom saw the Dunlaps. Today I have spent quietly working, mending torn clothes, writing to Becky and taking care of the children. I told Tom that I voted for building in Elk County, summer after next. Thursday was devoted to Pat's large dinner-party, and we did not go to bed till midnight. On Friday I called on the Dunlaps before coming out of town. The children are sick with bad colds. Today, Saturday, I am darning and mending preparatory to returning to college on Monday. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B27_F1_p148.jpg) 1860 January 1. A bitter cold day ushers in the New Year. Tom went to town in spite of it to accompany Mother to church, but I believe the imprudence struck her more sensibly than the kind attention. I went in the sleigh with Aunt Ann to her church. The children are really sick with influenzas, and as usual I am afraid of croup. Dear Tom came home after church to spend the after- noon with me. We looked over the year's diary, and concluded that we had good reason to thank God for very great happiness. While I feel clearly bent upon life in Elk County I am forced to admit that our income is insufficient to enable us to live even there as we are doing, and we cannot see where to cut down. Tom is very anxious now to go to Mexico, where he thinks he could do very well. I wish the good God would show us where to economise! No late news of Willie. His ordinary bodily health was good at the last accounts. Papa writes in fine spirits detailing skating feats on the ice in Company with the new brood. Tot is pretty well, the rest in good health. Pat talks of resuming housekeeping with Mother. Tom is hurt that his counsel is never asked about the affairs of the Estate. I daresay it would be wiser to refrain from keeping house, but Mother's ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B27_F1_p149.jpg) spirit is chafing her body away. Better let her spend the money, it will probably last her time out. Thursday 5th. Paid the second sixty dollars for board. I was in town for a little while yesterday, but it snowed so I was kept at home today. I saw a note from Mr Heazlitt to Tom enclosing 70 dollars as the result of collections. God is very good to send us this gift. Perhaps, as Tom did not hand me the note, he does not think the money his own, but I am just as thankful. Harry and Lyly are much better, but poor Evan has a very bad cough and cold. Tom is overworking, and underfeeding as usual. Read some of Becker's Book Keeping, did a good deal of sewing, and wrote to Harrie. Yesterday heard a lecture on rheumatism, read the "Ladies of Bever Hollow", and sewed. In the afternoon cut out four nightgowns. Wednesday January 11. Friday and Saturday, I spent at home, and received some cookery instruction from Aunt Ann. Sunday sick in bed, Monday fancied myself better, and went to town. Heard lectures and dissected after- -wards for two hours, and when I came home went to bed where my darling read to me, and nursed me. Tuesday in bed till about noon, then feeling better rose and tried to help entertain Aunt Ann's company, Aunt Patterson, Mother, Bess and Aunt Thomas Dr & Mrs Thomas. Poor Mother must say something about my sickness being "collegiate" and tell Tom that she thought he had better throw up his place. With ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B27_F1_p150.jpg) his education he ought to earn more, etc. This fretted Tom, and made him picture himself a helpless paralyti[-] ten years hence, with nothing laid by. He had been talked to by Bessie about going to Europe, and as to whether Pat was not unhappy with Barnet Phillips, and in short "sounded" about housekeeping. While Tom was telling me I prayed God to give me words, and then told him what my spirit prompted. Tom said it comforted him, and we both fell sweetly asleep. But I feel that I undertake a very heavy responsibility when I thus urge Tom into the path I choose. Oh God, be my Helper. Give me true wisdom, sustain and guide us! I have spent this entire morning with the children, sewing and reading Irving's Life of Washington the while. My head felt so weak that I would gladly have escaped the noise but while Jane is willing to wash I feel that I should willingly mind the children and thus save a dollar or even more. Harry knows all her letters and Lyly nearly all. Sunday January 14th. The trees, grass, bushes fence rails, every- -thing out of doors was encased in ice this morning and looked lovely as we drove to church. This evening Tom and I discussed the amount we should give towards founding the Female Hospital. I don't think we can spare more than $50, Tom thinks $100. On Thursday we had a meeting of the Female Med. Board of Managers. The President is a funny old ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B27_F1_p151.jpg) thing a sister of Mordecai Dawson, one of Tom's Mc.Kean Company, so I made myself "mighty agreeable" to her. She quite amused and interested me. I dined at Aunt Helen's where were Tom, Mother, Bess, Uncle Bill Aunt Mary Leiper and the family. We stayed to tea, but I saw little of either Mother or Bess as last week was a great church week and they went two or three times some days. On Friday I went to town, paid bills, and then serached in vain for my Penna R.R. stock which was mislaid between Tom and Bess in leaving Fern Rock. Bessie and Mother were at a Noon Prayer Meeting, so I went afterwards to see Aunt Alida and then to Aunt Helen's where I dined. After dinner Mother sent me off to see Cousin Mary Gray whom I found sick with a cold and stiff neck. Saturday was such a storm that I did not go out. Poor Tom, notwithstanding his sprained foot, went to town expecting Robert Patterson who did not come. I don't know whether I mentioned that Tom has been doing Robert's work so that he could go South with Becky. Tom can't help swearing he says, and he says he isn't a Christian, but and I certainly am intimate enough with him to know his faults but I think he is in heart and action the best Christian I ever saw. He is perfectly unselfish, and while he does things no one else would, he seems never to ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B27_F1_p152.jpg) to know how good he is. He talked to Pat about letting him have access to his father's papers, to draw up his own account as Elisha's executor, and Pat is quite offended. We talked it over today and agreed that he ought to be firm about it. Wednesday. Tom has given me a set of Books to keep my accounts nicely. I wish I could do it nicely enough to please him. Tom and Pat are all right, and we are going on very well. Pat says there is no intention to keep house. Mr Mordecai Dawson after a long talk with Tom, agreed to give his vote as one of the executors of Josiah Dawson's will towards contributing some of the charity fund of which they are the distributors to our proposed Female Hospital. He finished by a handsome compliment to Tom, saying that the fact that his friend Thomas Kane's wife had allowed her- -self to be enrolled among the students at the College was a sufficient warrant for his change of opinion. I have been steady at College this week, and yesterday was there during a demonstration of the brain for very nearly four hours. I wrote to beg a contribution to the Hospital from Papa, but I fear I won't get it! A nice letter from Becky. Mr Burlingame writes that we can't have ice, Lucius won't pay for Dowton he thinks Ament is warned off Flanders etc. etc. My heart feels light however. Saturday. I did not go to college today, as there was to be but one lecture, and Mother was confined to the house by a cold. She seemed glad to see me and I spent several ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B27_F1_p153.jpg) hours with her and Aunt Patterson. Tom was with Bessie at the House of Refuge. Papa refuses to contribute, at any rate at present, to the Hospital, on the ground that his affairs are not prospering as he expected, and that even for a charity he "will not outrun the constable." If virtue consists in being within one's income what sinners Tom and I are! Mrs Morrison ran after me to announce $100 to the College from "Cousin Josiah's executors. Sunday. Tom was anxious to go to the House of Refuge to- -day, but I was afraid on account of his sprained ankle. He gave it up to please me. Aunt Ann attacked him to go to her church on the "people say" ground. He came upstairs hurt and annoyed, and walked to Quaker Meeting and back, six miles. In church I pondered whether I have done right in allowing him to give up his own ways for me. I have tried, I can say, faithfully, not to con- -strain him, but it is difficult not to feel as if one's own form of belief were not only the truth, but all the truth. Unconsciously I may have been pressing on him compliances against his conscience. What do I know about his faith? Only that he gave up his forms when he married me, only that his soul is not at rest. Once, when he was going to Utah, I believed him a Christian, ah my God, I would deliberately go through the sufferings of those months again, could the sacrifice be rewarded by knowing he was a Christian heart and soul. Other prayers of mine have been so quickly answered, this on which my heart ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B27_F1_p154.jpg) is set seems so long delayed. Oh Lord, how long? Ought I not, no matter at what sacrifice to our, or my, happiness to urge him to live up to the dictates of his own conscience? Sunday January 29th 1860. I have not written at all during the last week having been very busy at the College. I was there five hours and a half yesterday. Finished the dis- -section of the second subject, and feel worn out body and mind. I don't appreciate the rest of going twice to church, wh. includes two drives of four miles, after jogging to town and back all the week, dissecting, and hearing lectures Hi! what hideous dreams I've had! Miss Preston says my indisposition is undoubtedly the result of dissecting. I do very little for Christ's sake. I hope He will accept this poor piece of study inasmuch as it is for His poor. Harry is a model little girl, healthy, obedient, conscientious, witty and polite, but little Elisha wants "regulating" He has been remarkably affectionate always, while he is so absorbed in his quiet occupations that he passes for a gentle child. But his temper is really very pas- -sionate, and he is obstinacy itself. Lately he has been naughty enough to puzzle me. Today's thoughts combined with the week's observations determine me to persevere in ruling him by gentleness. Jane Nelly is gentle enough, but she wants persevering firmness Lyly rules her. The mastery a single day with him gives me, sometimes makes me feel as if it were ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B27_F1_p155.jpg) dangerous for me to be away from him so much. Milo learned to carry the bull from beginning when it was a few hours old, and lifting it daily. I want my influence to grow with Lyly's growth and strength with his strength. I pray God to take away my darlings if they cannot be Christians. This day eight years ago Tom and I were engaged after our break off on the 27th his birthday. I know one person who doesn't regret that engagement. Wrote to Papa inviting the girls to pass the summer with me. Mother says she can't make up her mind whether she will or not. Tom has just finished revising his Report for the Mc. K. & E. Co. which is to be printed. He has caught a very bad cold. I hope he won't have pleurisy I did not oppose his going to the House of Refuge today so he limped off, and I fear increased his cold. Friday February 3rd. At college on Monday only. Tuesday was a warm balmy day, and Tom took Aunt Ann and my- -self to Chester, Leiperville, Avendale, Lapidea and Fair- -lands to see his Leiper kin. It was a melancholy drive everywhere memorials of the wealth and possessions they once owned. It showed me how little good wealth by itself can do. It blew up so cold during our return drive that we were half frozen, and Tom felt very unwell. Next day the ground was covered ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B27_F1_p156.jpg) with snow, and a fierce wind blowing. I went to town in the afternoon to make some purchases for the morrow, and suffered so with the cold that I fairly cried when I was at last fairly in my warm room, in Tom's arms again. Oh, how glad I was that he hadn't risked his life, sick as he was in going to town! I brought out news of the election of a Speaker at Washington at last. Thursday was Mary Leiper's wedding-day, but after my trip of the day before Tom would not let me go. He went himself, does not seem to have suffered and was glad he went. I received a note from Walter and replied inviting his wife and himself to visit us in the mountains, I also wrote this week to invite Harry and Helen for the summer. Today I have passed principally in reading aloud to Tom while he completed a map to accompany his Report to Mr Cresson, putting accounts straight, teaching Harry, and transcribing Aunt Ann's receipts in one of my books. Papa intended visiting Willie this week Sunday 5th Feb. Yesterday received word that Papa would not let the girls come. Tom tells me a Mrs Cresson has invited him self and his wife to stay with us next summer. I went to church twice today, taking the Communion in the morning. Tom went to the House of Refuge early in the morning meaning to stay through both services dine with Pat, and return about a quarter before 8 He must have missed his car, poor fellow. I hope he won't try to walk out! ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B27_F1_p157.jpg) Master Lyly begins to need curbing. I have had two contests with him today. One was a matter of obedience, the other his getting into a passion. He was very sleepy. I came up to let Jane go down to tea, and found her vainly trying to undress his cross highness. I helped her un- -dress him, and then took him to put him to sleep, but he screamed, kicked, tore my hair, and was bent on playing naughty. Jane said "Let me have him, and he'll be quiet in a minute." He was quiet unless she attempted to go when he kicked & went on again. I sent her away, bolted the door, and informed him that no one could get in, then forcibly, yet gently and kindly, washed his face. Half a minute had not passed before he was quiet, gentle, stroking my face, and penitent. I hope I may retain my advantage. I wrote to Charlotte after afternoon church. Monday. A bad day so Tom would not let me go to town. I must make some wonderful step of retrenchment for I see no hope of a larger income. What can we do? Even these winter months which should be our cheapest consume more than our income allows for each. Tuesday. Sick, so did not go to town. Wednesday Helped Tom with, "holding the pens" while he prepared his account for the year for the Company. He makes a balance in his favor of about $58.03 Thursday. Went to town, heard three lectures, and called at Aunt Alida's, Mary Van Rensselaer's, and ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B27_F1_p158.jpg) at Mrs Cresson's, as they speak of coming to stay with us next summer, to introduce myself and invite them. The girl at the door said "She's in, Ma'am, but she's not at home." One of our lectures was very interesting, on bandaging. I got a dismal headache, and went to bed at 8 PM though Mother was there. Friday 10th Such a hurricane all night, and such a stormy day that Tom would not let me go to College. He brought out maps for me to select our location, but the question of money matters disturbs me not a little. Tom thinks we should have 300 acres. Putting this at the Company's price for worst land it is $1500. To clear and fence 50 would be $1500. Here then goes $3000 before we begin to build. Our capital is about $5500, and of course if we can't live within our income now, we can scarcely do so when we come to have only the salary. There's no use of my hoping for help from Papa, for he does not dream of such a thing—and indeed were his property divided by law the wife's third in which only her own children share, and then the nine children's parts would make no large sum apiece. So we may look elsewhere. Mother's property may be valuable in land, but I fancy she and John and Bessie more than consume the income it actually brings in. Tom says he does not feel as if he could retrench any more. He must make more He hopes to do it by his pen, but I fear his health won't stand that. Now what is to be done. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B27_F1_p159.jpg) Saturday. 11th After College, went down to Pat's office to see Tom. He was not in, but while I waited I had some talk with John about medical matters. He says he offered to give me instruc- -tion in matters most likely to be useful to me—surgical anatomy, hygiene, etc. I was disappointed in my plan of making Tom go to the "Germania" Concert. Bess, Robert Patterson, Helen and Mr Robins, and Evan were all going. Tom came up to Aunt Patterson's late for their dinner, with a bad headache and declined going. I am afraid I was very cross for I had fancied he would enjoy himself so much. Poor fellow, he was full of a successful interview with a Mr Williams about the Company's business at Harrisburg, and was chilled and discouraged by my crossness. I went with him instead to see Aunt Alida. I noticed that he limped a good deal. Sunday 12th Poor Tom limped away to the House of Refuge through the biting wind, with snow on the ground, He is to go without dinner, but expects to be home to tea. I went to church, and while there—during the service I regret to say, it occurred to me that if my life were spared beyond the time of the College term this spring—it would be well while I still had the re- -collection fresh, and letters and memoranda at hand to write for the children the history of Tom's journey to Utah. Such things are so soon forgotten, and the printed misrepresentations survive. Tom says Mr Guinness the new sensation preacher, preached at the House. He has a magnificent voice, and good diction, ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B27_F1_p160.jpg) very little matter, eked out with grand manner. Tom says it does him good to go to the House, so now I will always try to for- -ward his going. Monday. At college. Tom read his Report to the Stockholders and was gratified by the effect produced. Tuesday At College, Tom went to Harrisburg, and Bessie came out to spend the night. Wednesday. Snowing, but I went to town meaning to go to College. My head began to ache, so instead I took a search through the papers in the safe for the stock & Saving Fund book—In vain, but I made J.P.G. go to the Bank, and give a months notice for a new one so that is saved. Then I paid a nice visit to Mrs Guill[--]. who showed me lovely photographs, and then to Mother. Thursday. Shut up by the snow, spent the morning writing to Tom, and Becky Patterson. Worked in the afternoon upon a blue and white frock for Elisha. I see that the Legislature adjourns today till Monday. I wonder what Tom will do! Friday At College till ½ past 12. At the office found Papa had sent me a nice long letter enclosing Tennysons last new poem Sea-Dreams and accompanied by the 1st No. of the Cornhill Magazine. There was also the monthly number of Once a Week and some newspapers so I was quite rich. Went to see Aunt Alida where I met Johnny who walked up to Mother's with one. I consulted him and he prescribed for me Iron Wine. He says I need strengthening. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B27_F1_p161.jpg) When I got home I found Tom there in bed. I hoped he might come, but he is right sick poor darling with influenza. He says there is some chance of his being made Census Taker which will give him $200 of which he says I may earn half. I am so glad I can help him. Saturday Tom busy writing letters which I copied all the morning. In the afternoon read to him Tennyson's poem, and in the evening read The Virginians. We both liked the poem. Sunday. The storm that set in Friday night has cleared off but the wind was piercing, so I stayed at home to be company for Tom who is suffering much. Wrote to Charlotte and Papa, and read a book of Bethune's sermons on the "Fruits of the Spirit." I was particularly interested in one because it referred to a puzzle of ours. It left me however not much cleared. Spent a good deal of time in soothing poor Tom's headache with my cool hand, reading and repeating poetry to him. I hope he won't go to Harrisburg tomorrow He is not well enough I am sure. Wednesday February 22nd. On Monday Tom and I went to town together. They were sleighing on the road and it was very very cold. We called on Mother who had just received an autograph letter from General Concha with his pho- -tograph. She told us that poor Mary Van Rensselaer had almost stupefied herself to death with an over- ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B27_F1_p162.jpg) dose of a cough mixture containing sulph. morph. Tom and I bade each other goodbye, and I went to college where I stayed three hours. Then to the office and so out of town. In the late afternoon who comes in but Tom who had been delayed by Mr Cresson till too late for the train. Now, he says, he will stay at home and nurse his cold till Thursday. I was very glad to see him again. Tuesday. Left Tom hard at work executing a Deed of Trust of the E.K.K. Elk Lands and 29 shares Chicago Gas stock in favor of Mother. I went to College and took the office on my way home. Brought out a letter to Tom which chanced to mention that the Co's taxes in Elk County this year were $6000. A little fortune! No wonder they hate to spend more on these lands! If the walking yesterday was bad, today, Wednesday it is almost impossible to cross the streets. Yesterday morning before the thaw began I walked from the Darby Road to the Mint in Chesnut Street & then to the College Archbel. 7th. Today there was a rapid thaw, and a pouring rain. No letters, no news, no anything. Was at College the usual time. The lectures this week are unusually interesting—Diseases of Women—Bandaging—Consumption— and Anatomy of the Eye. Read Tom to sleep after dinner. While he slept worked at Lyly's dress. Finished it in the evening. Tom has drawn up an account as Executor, his Declara- -tions of Trust, and written eight or nine letters so his two holidays (!) were profitably spent. Pat main- ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B27_F1_p163.jpg) -tains that his father and Elisha both intended these lands for Tom, and that his father wished the account closed when Tom went to Utah—so he says he will interfere with the Declarations of Trust. Just to think it is two years since that horrible winter. I feel so humbled when I think how arrogantly I held myself often to Elisha and Father. I could cry to remem- ber the sweet patience with which dear Father, (suffering from the clamor against him at the time of the Passmore Williamson trial,) instead of proudly closing his mouth stooped to explain his motives and the law to me. And how coldly how unkindly I behaved! God forgive me, and teach me not to forget the lesson. Thursday. Such a delicious day that I coaxed Tom to let me go about with him till he started for Harris- -burg. He went to Pat's rooms, then to Mother to whom he gave the Deed then to Aunt Alida's, and then to the office. There I left him for Mother carried me off to a prayer meeting, after which I went with Bess to see Cousin Mary Gray. Bought a tiny bouquet and carried it to Mary Van Rens- -selaer who dined with me at Aunt Helen's. They received news yesterday that poor Robbie was very ill and Robert went off in a great hurry. Friday 24. At College all the morning. In the afternoon the Thomases dined with us. Wrote to Becky & Tom, copied receipts wrote diary & darned. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B27_F1_p164.jpg) Friday March 2nd. Tom came home on Saturday very weary and sick but successful in what he went for. He spoke before the Committee of Ways & Means, got them in favor of allowing $6000 additional to the House of Refuge appropriation and then received a letter saying the H. of R. Board had concluded they didn't want it. Yesterday he met the Board argued and "blew them up" and made them vote against the resolu- -tion. I was at College Monday Tuesday & Wednesday but bad weather and indisposition kept me at home yesterday, and a sore throat keeps me in bed today. I occupied myself in arranging Tom's papers and my month's accounts yesterday. Today in reading and sewing Tom has been talking to me about my dress, and my leisure thoughts have been much exercised about several things in connection with it, and the heliotrope sachet. It shows how little use a diary really is, that I can't commit all I thought to it, though it is a matter of considerable interest to me. I have been dressing very badly since I went into mourning. I am naturally methodical, but very un- -tidy. Now I am very anxious not to cost dear Tom a penny I can help, and Mother has borne me out in buying few, & cheap clothes, coarse plain undergarments, & in wearing them long after they are shabby. I have forgotten that she is old, and that she wore fine clothes in her day. I have little time at my com- -mand for I have all the children's clothes to m[-]k and Tom's and my own to mend. I am away during the morning hours, and am only in our room at ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B27_F1_p165.jpg) times when Tom is there or when I am so weary I haven't energy to attend to the details of the toilette. I have felt it more a duty to relinquish my pursuits to help Tom, who is delicate, when I sit down to sew of an afternoon to leave it to read him to sleep, or to sit on the bed and stroke his aching head—which tumbles my dress, and of an evening I try to help him by writing for him, or something of the kind. Going to town every day in the car crushes my hoop, makes my hair dusty, and my face gray and pale. I have only time before dinner to wash my face and hands and smooth my hair—and after dinner I have so many things to do that the morning dress and plain linen collar remain un- -changed. I have a feeling that I myself have scarcely become definitely conscious of till within a few days. Let me see if I can put it down. I love Tom with all my heart and soul, and would desire (I can't think that blameable. Any wife would) to be charming in his eyes. I used to try, particularly I remember during the years immediately after Harry's birth to dress in colors and a style that pleased him. But a calamity that hap- -pened in which a beautiful woman whose husband loved her chiefly sensually played an odious part, while it for some time stunned me to an entire oblivion of the small matters of dress, and other trivialities (as I felt them) immediately pre- -ceded Tom's long and hazardous journey to Utah. My troubles, and Judge Kane's death kept up a forgetfulness of the "duties of the toilette." Our narrowed means prevented my buying many clothes, and we had thought it right ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B27_F1_p166.jpg) for many reasons to have no children for some years. To help him I wanted to avoid anything like coquetry to abjure l'amour for l'amitie'. My horror of this beautiful woman with her gay clothing came in to place here, and I have worn a dress of nunlike plainness. Well, we have lived temper- -ately, have had no child, and though Tom thinks he loves me as intensely as ever, I never see, as I sometimes did when Bess had company and I had dressed to please him, his eyes fixed on me with the old loverlike intensity. I wanted to be his sister, yet I don't like it now. Now we think that we may righteously be united again, and I am going this summer to put off mourning—a sackcloth & ashes worn not for you dear Judge who are in heaven, but for the sin and sorrow of a pilgrim still on earth—Tom wants me to go to some expense to adorn myself as a bride for my husband—and I look at my pale gray face, and ash coloured hair, and think—He was my first love, but he has seen pretty women and shall I not look like a daw in peacock plumage? Will he not compare me with them? Once I thought—No one of my age that he has cared for has been so plain, and I will keep my level, wear my ugly cheap dress, and earn his love by my services—But I have slipped into slovenliness and he thinks it is want of love for him. The other day to please him I bought some heliotrope powder to perfume my collars & handkerchiefs. He noticed it, "What sweet perfume is there about?" I was pleased. Then he told me of some lady he was fond of in his earlier day, and how ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B27_F1_p167.jpg) they used to leave twigs of heliotrope, just a little curling blossoming tip where the other might see it to signify for instance that she would be at this concert, or at home, not at that ball. So heliotrope had better not be my peculiar chosen perfume—take rose geranium for instance. Ah, I am so jealous—I felt it was out of place for me to ape my betters—No scent for me but the dissecting room—I have forced my darling gentleman down from his brilliant days, to my narrow his sweet music, and his cultivated society, his faith and purity—down to our poverty, his slipshod wife, hard work, trials, and misery. All I have ever had of those golden days, that intoxicating dreamy delight of first love is bound up in him, but my Tristram's thoughts can go back beyond these broken rocky coasts of Brittany, and it was not with me that he sailed over that summer sea. But I must win his love—and keep it too, and if heliotrope won't do, try rose-geranium! But I would rather have been his first love, and died, to be cherished with the sweet memories of his spring time than to be the estimable bracing autumn day wife! Which is silly, I suppose? March 6th If my dearest had been looking over my shoulder when I wrote the above his manner since could not have been better studied to persuade me of his love. So tender, loving, and confiding, less love than he shows me ought to make me, as I surely am, one of the most richly blessed of women. May God help me ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B27_F1_p168.jpg) to be his faithful friend and true wife! John and Pat were out here today for a little while in the gloaming, and Pat drew me into another room and took both my hands in his, how hot and dry they were! and told me in a very agitated way something, I hardly know what about Lily Fisher. That all was going well, no one as yet suspected anything, and first of any one in the world he wanted me to know—yes, in two months. Then he bowed his head on my hands and I kissed and blessed him I hope and trust he meant he was engaged to her. Dear Pat, the idea makes me so glad and happy, that I shall be grievously disappointed if he meant any- -thing else. He has so often, and Bessie too, wished or said he wished Johnny to marry her that I fear he may mean something of the kind. He says he wants to tell me all about it. I'm sure I want to hear! I have wished him married to a good wife so much, and Tom and Bessie, and Mother and Johnny all speak so highly of her. I am sure no one could be a better husband than Pat, nor happier in his home. God bless him—and comfort my poor Tot, who I know well, has not forgotten the love of her youth! I hope Pat will not want to have Mother and Bess live with him if he wants to be happy in his home. I'll do my utmost to prevent it! Tuesday March 13. Well! I was mistaken. Only That is was not Johnny is the one satisfaction. He has made up his mind to be attentive to her. That's all! ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B27_F1_p169.jpg) I went to the College yesterday, and found that the lectures ended last Saturday! I feel so holiday-free! Tom spent last night in town. There is a $100.000 subscrip- -tion due from our Company to the Sunbury and Erie, to be paid on the completion of the RR. It is to the interest of both companies that the coal carrying trade should be initiated as soon as possible on the RR. Tom got Moor- -head the S&E president to consent that the $100.000 should not be paid in money but that $50.000 should be spent in mining and bringing coal for to the line ready for transportation Tom thought that by buying an advantageously situated and rich warrant, 3131, this could be done wisely. If Moorhead would charge for trans- -portation the same price as on the Pennsylvania RR equating the distance it could be done at a profit. I think I am stating his plan rightly. Mr Dawson and Mr Biddle while they thought well of the wisdom of the scheme thought they would prefer having the interest of the money a year longer. Mr Greeves was delighted— Tom was to propose the plan to Mr Fraley last night. Mr Cresson was to have been there but could not come. I am prepared however to see my darling come out heartsick and disappointed. But even when these gentlemen do not agree with him they are becoming convinced of his administrative talent, and are putting things more and more into his hands. I am delighted to see how practical my dear genius is. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B27_F1_p170.jpg) April 4. Wednesday. Only troubles to chronicle. Poor dear Pat's affairs have gone from bad to worse: there was first a little watchfulness on the Papa's part, and a little prudery on the lady's. Now there has been a marked slight from Papa, Mamma and Miss herself. Now Tom and myself agreed that Pat had probably been slandered, and we thought that he should insist upon an explanation from the father, but he will not, and is wretched. We are distressed enough about him. 2nd trouble. The Sunbury and Erie Relief Bill is defeated and we shall have no RR. for years. Down go the affairs of Mc.Kean & Elk—down go our castles-in-the-air of a new house, and a new country rising up around us. 3rd trouble. I took our bank book in to be balanced, and our account proved to be overdrawn $20. J.P.G. promised to get Pat to deposit some money at once, but no one can tell what a blow this disappointment was to me. I fancied we had about $300 there still, and cannot account for some of the cheques—$180 will be refunded to us as it was spent by Tom in his journeys to Harrisburg, and Wash- -ington for E.K.K. and the Company. But I depended on this money to carry us through the winter, and to pay our travelling expenses, and only notified Pat to repay the money owed by Mother's estate on the 1st of June. Tom must dun the Co. for his salary, for from a statement of Mother's affairs I saw today it will be a hard matter for her to pay us even then. We must face poverty, for there is no man to help. Hard as the ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B27_F1_p171.jpg) blow came, and intensely as I longed for the comfort of Tom's presence, I am glad it fell while he is absent in Washington for I will have time to recover my breath and help to support him. He will be so stunned, my poor one! I felt the blood rush to my face when J.P.G. brought me the book this morning, and longed so all day to find a quiet place to cry in. But Mother had asked me to come in and help her sort old letters, so J had to throw myself into that cheerful work, and only got home worn out at 5 P.M. I hurried to take off my things, and then fell on my knees and prayed for help. All this money trouble comes on me, so inex- -perienced and foolish that I am bewildered. I rose comforted, for though I don't know what I am to do yet, I am sure God will help me. I went over my accounts—and I think I can conscientiously say I do not find any unjustifiable waste. I became convinced that I ought to dress to please Tom, but I have only purchased three print dresses, and I put my Christmas present from Papa quietly into the common fund. It will pay half of the subscription to the Female Hospital. Tom gave me a pretty pencil, but when he wished to give Aunt Alida one like it on her birthday, I undertook to get it, and just gave her my own. I denied myself a visit to New York, or one my darling wanted me to have with him when he went to Washington (though I did want to go very much)and I don't think I have spent much. Tom has spent ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B27_F1_p172.jpg) nothing on himself, dear fellow, though he did spend a little unnecessarily on me. I can't blame him though, for I know how hard it is for him not to load me with gifts. I see the money's gone—but how? Good Friday Night April 6. Tom returned last night after I was in bed. He says I came and lay down beside him and called him on Thursday morning about 4. He looked at his watch to see the time. I longed for him plentifully on Wednesday, but I was sound asleep at the hour he named. He was not very much cast down by my news for when we summed up we found we had assets due in plenty, and when we got to town found that a hundred dollars Chicago Gas stock was invested deposited and never recorded. Dear Tom volunteered to go to church with me. Pat's affairs are a shade less desperate—and Johnny came to tell me he was going tomorrow to Washington to offer himself to Mabel Bayard! My heart feels very thankful and lightened of pecuniary burdens—thank God. May He help and comfort dear Pat! I wrote to Tot to urge her to come out to me this summer as her last letter shows her to be very weak and delicate. Tom had a note from poor A J Wilcox. He is forced to sell out at Wilcox, and go to live at Bear Creek. Others are worse sufferers than we! April 11th Tom and I went to town yesterday to see the Constables and hear what success John had from Pat. He is accepted ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B27_F1_p173.jpg) by the young lady but the father is away. John will know today. Dear unselfish Pat seemed so happy in John's success! Pat resolved to see Mr Fisher on Saturday and saw from his manner that he was anxious to avoid a conversation, and was informed that Mrs F. would be too busy to see him. He says he has given the matter up entirely. Sunday April 22nd. Tom found the Land Committee dis- -posed to act generously so we shall probably buy and build after all. He left for the mountains on the 20th with E. Johnson as cook and a boy from the House of Refuge whom he set his heart on taking, "to wait and tend." Bessie won't go to the mountains. Mother will, but probably will pay nothing. So I must save on housekeeping. Yesterday was the 7th anniversary of our wedding. Thank God for seven happy years. They have had many troubles, but I hope we are nearer to Him, and how they have drawn us together. We have two lovely children and though very poor in money, are stronger far in health and strength and hope. With this new year of married life I close my journal. If I am spared to close another volume God enable me to record the fact [---]! Amen. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B27_F1_p174.jpg) We must have 6 Dining Room Chairs 4 Kitchen, 6 Parlor, 6 Bedroom, and a nursery rocking chair—say [-]½ doz. Chairs. In place of bedroom chairs covered trunks. Dining room table cover. Parlour Table & Cover. Parlour rocking-chair? Parlour sofa? Bookshelves our old set stained. A nice secretary. In the dining-room we must have either a cup-board or beaufet. To hold wine, china, glass, table & bed-linen.* We want 5 [-] Bedsteads singl[--] for the man, 1 for the maids, 1 guestroom, 1 Nursery. 1 for ourselves <(take our own)>. 1 for Back nursery? Bureau in nursery, our room, guestroom. Shelves servants room, man's room. 5 washstands. 5 looking glasses. 13 yds carpet for our room 23 yds for [---] servant's and guest's? Kitchen china. Parlour china, glassware. *We think of taking Mr Wilcox room for a bathroom. In that case we will keep linen there. Wire arches for windows & gate. Plenty of sweet peas, nutmeg honeysuckle, sweetbriar heartsease, and hop vines. Let the children have gray flannel travelling coats. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B27_F1_p175.jpg) The Sewer. The trench for the sewer being cut to its termination, a round stick of any light wood not less than eight inches in diameter, and say three feet long, is to be fixed loosely therein, and a composition of six parts sand to one part of hydraulic lime, mixed with as little hot water as will blend it stiffly, thrown in, until the round stick or mould is perfectly covered not less than two inches thick in its thinnest part, When the composition has had a few hours to set, the mould is to be drawn forward, leaving a few inches of it in, so as to connect the next length of composition with the preceding one, and so on with the other lengths until the sewer is complete. It is then to be covered over with the earth previously cut from the trench, and no water to be run through it for a week by which time it will be perfectly dry. In order to keep the round stick or mould, from, the sides of the trench, it is only necessary to have a square board at either end with a hole in which the mould may rest. Tool Chest. 2 Hand saws, 3 chisels (inch ½ inch ¼ inch) 3 planes, (jack; smoothing and jointer) 1 gimlet; 1 screwdriver; 1 bit and brace; 1 mallet; 2 hammers; 1 glue pot. 1 Keg assorted nails, 1 box screws, some glue 1 keg white lead, 2 pounds lampblack, ochre, ½ d[--] paintbrushes and whitewash brushes ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B27_F1_p176.jpg) Measures of Rooms Windows Curtains 3 ft—To the floor 6 ft 4. Our room and the two other rooms on that floor 7½ ft high. " " is 10 ft by 11½. Takes 15 yds to carpet it. Office 11 ft 3 in by 7½. Dwyer's Economical Builder, advocates the abolition of cellars under the house, and recommends the following plan "Set the house be built entirely above the ground; let the lower floor be built upon the surface of the earth at least as high as the surrounding soil. If filled up with any clean material, a few inches above the surrounding soil will be preferable. A proper foundation being prepared, make your first floor by a pavement of brick, laid in hydraulic cement, upon the surface of the ground. Let the same be extended into your walls, so as to cut off the walls of your house, with waterproof cement, from all communication with the surrounding earth. Cistern Dig a large round hole, say 8 ft diameter & 7 ft deep, and plaster the sides and bottom with hydraulic cement and sand, three to one, about 3 inches thick. In the middle of this about a foot from the bottom, place a stone or wooden false bottom, perforated with holes, through which the centre of wh. the rain pipe is to descend a few inches. This bottom chamber is to be filled nearly full with charcoal and sand The water is to be taken from a pump set for the purpose ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B27_F1_p177.jpg) Contents of Medicine Chest Hive Syrup Dover's Powders Dry Quinine Kins a little mite of opium Ipecacuanha Paregoric Chalk mixture Spiced Syrup of Rhubarb Ginger. Laudanum Hops Caster Oil Sticking Plaister Roll of Bandages Gum Arabic/a little Pills Opium & Acetate of Lead Olei[--] Seales Tarter Emetis Granville's Lotion Morphiae Sulphas Sweet Spts Nitre (a little) Surgeon's silk, needles and wax Magnesia Pills Blue ¼ gr. " Mitchell's Aperient ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B27_F1_p178.jpg) We take from Mrs Wilcox $ *Parlor carpet. Three Ply. 27½ yards at 3 shillings 2 Rag carpets 27½ yards each at 3 shillings 31 1 Blues Stoneware Set. 1 Gold & White China 1 Kitchen Stove cost when and pipe 15 1 Dining Room " " " 15 2 Chamber Sets etc 5 12½ 24 Laying Hens at 18 ¾ 4 50 Three tables 15 Woman to clean house 1 week and a half $3. Board 3.75 6.75 82.37½ ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B27_F1_p179.jpg) Having leased Harry's Lovely House of Elk County, we must re-plaster the ceilings refloor the piazza— repaper dining room and parlour. 6 rolls of paper each at 25 - $3 our room 3 rolls. Little office 3. The front attic paper will do very well. The back attic would take nearly 6 rolls. The kitchen paper is quite new. Say Papering House $6 [ Blinds for 8 windows. 3 parlor, 2 dining room. 2 office, 1 our room.] Venitian blinds for 4 windows. Plain white for 3. Common for 5. Narrow blinds for 3. *Parlour carpet cost when new the first summer we came 62½ cents Rag carpets cost 50 cts a yard, one of them is very good Kitchen stove cost $32. The pipe was extra Dining room stove cost $20 " " Buy 1 New Wash Tub for Baths 1 for Washing 3 flat irons. For three cows about 20 pans 1 milk pail 1 strainer pail. 1 Churn (1 stone?) ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B27_F1_p180.jpg) N.B. For our furniture—Deerskins to lie at each bed-side. I can line them with flannel to match the tint of the room—They had at S. Mary's a crimson, lying in the centre of the table-cloth. The main dishes were on it. Is it not a good idea to improve upon? Each bedroom to have two chairs, a corner washstand, an iron bed, a little dressing table, and either a closet, or a row of shelves with a curtain in front. The parlour—sewing machine, my worktable, a stained* cherry bookcase made just like the bedroom shelves, six chairs, and—a sofa? *Could it be stained like rosewood to match the work -table? Dining Room. Six chairs, table, either china-closet or a corner cupboard, and a window seat for table linen. Tom's study in the outbuilding—3 chairs, a good table, and carry up his standee writing desk. A good set of bookshelves. Piazza floored alternately with boards of cherry, pine, and maple. Cheerful wall papers. "The Press" speaks in favor of the cheapness & goodness of American Brussels Carpets. Sold by Jos. Lea 128 Chesnut St. Henry Haine Smethport ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B27_F3a_I1_p001.jpg) My darling Bess, I took dear Mother to Miss Preston today. I think she will be able to relieve her, certainly she has given the dear soul more reason for hope fulness though her exami- nation will not be deci[-]ie till tomorrow. By the way Miss P_ is anxious you should attend the Introduc- tory on Saturday at four cant you come in dine with me and stay over Sunday. It will be such ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B27_F3a_I1_p002.jpg) a treat to have you. Bed time and dear Jenny suffering from her teeth so I must say good night. Love to dear Aunt, Yours Bessie. Thursday. night. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B27_F3a_I2_p001.jpg) Compliment to Pennsylvania Reserves. HEAD-QUARTERS, ARMY OF THE POTOMAC,} WASHINGTON, Dec. 28, 1861.} GENERAL ORDERS, NO. 57.-The Commanding General expresses his thanks to Brigadier General ORD, and the brave troops of his brigade, who so gallantly repelled an attack of an equal force of the enemy on the 20th inst. The General takes pleasure in observing the readiness of the remaining troops of MCCALL'S division, and the able dispositions of their commander, to repel the enemy in case of the ad- vance of reinforcements. The General would also acknowledge the distin- guished services of Colonel MCCALMONT, Tenth Infantry, Pennsylvania Volunteer Reserve Corps; Colonel JACKSON, Ninth Infantry, Pennsylvania Volunteer Reserve Corps; Lieutenant-Colonel KANE, Rifle Regiment, Pennsylvania Volunteer Reserve Corps; and Captain EASTON, of EASTON'S Battery; which contributed, in a large degree, to the success of the day. By command of Major-General MCCLELLAN. S. WILLIAMS, Assistant Adjutant-General. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B27_F3a_I2_p002.jpg) Episcopal Church of St. Alban was consecrated by Bishop STEVENS yesterday morning. The church was well filled, and the singing by the choir and the congregation seemed as one voice of praise ascend- ing to the throne of God. The services were com- menced by the entrance of the Bishop and Clergy through the main door of the church, and proceeding up the aisle to the chancel, reading the twenty-fourth Psalm. The instruments of donation and endow- ment were then presented and read by the rector, the Rev. M. A. TOLMAN. The sentence of consecra- tion was then read by Rev. Dr. HARE. The first part of the morning service was read by the Rev. B. WISTAR MORRIS. The first lesson by the Rev. BEN- JAMIN WATSON, D.D., of the Atonement; the se- cond lesson by Rev. Mr. LYCETE; prayers to Litany by Rev. RICHARDSON GRAHAM, and the Litany by Rev. GEO. LEEDS, D.D., of St. Peter's. The second and third verses of the twenty-first selection of Psalms— "I'll wash my hands in innocence, And round thine altar go"— were then sung by the choir. The anti-communion service was read by the Rev. E. W. SYLE; the epis- tle was read by Rev. JOHN LEIGHTON MCKIM, and [illegible line] The Old Hundredth ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B27_F3a_I3_p001.jpg) Telegraph Office Jan. 18. It is too dreadful to hear the first words since you left contained in Mother's dreadful letter of Sunday last. I have just opened it here as I wait an answer to a telegram to Potts to know when I can get flour or feed from Erie as no freight has been allowed since you left everything being snowed up. 15 teams will be out of feed tonight and no flour for either Lillybridge or Wright. I Have our team hauling in all the oats and hay I can from H. Hill. Colder today than ever before. The ox with the loose horn and our ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B27_F3a_I3_p002.jpg) cow are both bleeding at the nose and Jane spat up without a cough several mouthfuls of pretty bright unclotted blood. She has a low down sorethroat and I make her gargle with strong brine. We have all had sorethroat and colds but are well. Mind, I am telling full truth so don't be anxious. They bring me a telegram from you that you won't be here till Saturday, and you don't say how you are. Oh do telegraph for I am half beside myself and say how Bessie's Helen is. Dunbar is sawing cherry so badly I have stopped him, ordered Lillybridge to haul stocking of whitewood & cucumber and sent Barnes to order Wright to skid hemlock to keep the mill going till I hear from you. I ought to settle with Young but can't find all the papers. The horses will be waiting Saturday. Tell my darling Bess I cannot write to her here nor dare think of her in this crowd. Your loving Bess The teams that were to skid for the Hafners didn't come so I shall put them in the pines when they are through as they nearly are with their work along the RR. unless you say so. It is cruel not to ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B27_F3a_I3_p003.jpg) write. The long silence made me so anxious and this terrible breaking of it makes me fear worse news. And I haven't a penny Barnes and I had to club for what change was wanted to pay for this telegram. I borrowed all Jane's money and Eliza's and daren't draw my last cheque on Phila for fear you have had to. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B27_F3a_I4_p001.jpg) Head Quarters Kane Rifles, Callett Station Aug. 23 1862 Major: I am sorry to report that my little command was surprised at night fall yesterday by Robersons Brigade of Confederate Cavalry, commanded as it was stated by General J. E. B. Stuart. in person. Favored by the exceedingly tempestuous weather, the enemy passing or capturing our pickets without resistance, moved rapidly upon the railroad station passing through my camp. I succeeded with dif- ficulty in rallying sixty eight men in the adjoining wood. I marched immediately to the support of the Companies of Purnell's Legion by whom the railroad station should have been defended. But these companies offering no serious show of resistance were soon dispersed, and before I reached the Station all was quiet there and the enemy had left. I attacked them as they returned up the Manassas Road; but, although they fled without returning my fire, they halted a short distance less than half a mile beyond me, and fired the tents and wagons belonging to General Pope's staff which were upon the woods along the Manassas road. They afterwards commenced destroying the wagons of the Staff train of Major General McDowell- which being plainly seen, as this train was stationed in an open field, I charged and drove them off- but, as it proved, too late to prevent the destruction of much valuable property. The enemy's loss I have not yet ascertained. My own loss, in the charge, was five wounded one mortally. I have to report a larger number as missing including my entire picket guard. St. Colonel Myers of your Staff rendered me valuable services during the night which I by leave cordially to acknowledge. I cannot ascertain that Purnell's legion or the Sixth Ohio to be regiment of Cavalry posted any pickets last evening, or rendered any service in effecting the enemy's repulse. Very respectfully your obedient servant Thomas L. Kane, Lt. Col. Commdj. Rifles [---] captured [---] [---] [---] M. [---] Co G one of the [---] & [---] officers. with ^ service was taken n p[---] [---]. I [--]g[-] [---] ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B27_F3a_I4_p002.jpg) [-]mpired by [-]tewarts division San R[--]non Commu[---] one tr[---] they had 3 pa[--]t & one powert[--] ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B27_F3a_I4_p003.jpg) Thomas L. Kane, Lt. Col. Commdg. Kane Rifles Report of affairs of August 22d. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B27_F3_I1_p002.jpg) 45 [yellow card pasted on center of page] WILLIAM MANN Manufacturer of Blank Books AND COUNTING HOUSE STATIONER WILLIAM MANN Counting House Stationer 43 South 4th Street PHILADELPHIA ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B27_F3_I1_p003.jpg) To be burned unread if I die, unless Tom cares to read it. No one else, Mind! I will haunt any one who does! E. D. K. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B27_F3_I1_p007.jpg) Diary for 1860 June 26th 1860. It is a pity that my diary, left off at the close of my stay at Aunt Ann's, should not have been resumed when I reached Upland, Wednesday May 9th. Now there have been too many events for me to attempt recording all. — Quite soon after we reached here, Evan Thomas was taken sick and his strength was so much reduced that the doctors ordered him here for the summer. Aunt Patterson and Bessie insisted upon his mother's accompanying him to share the responsibilities of nursing him. The whole party Mother Aunt Ann and Evan reached here June 8th. Evan is still shockingly weak, and the anxiety of the two ladies to feed him has resulted in his weak appetite loathing milk, cream, eggs &c. Still he is a little stronger. He is taking an infusion of wild cherry, iron pills, cod-liver oil, toddy at dinner, and a rubbing with whiskey at night. Too many cooks spoil the broth. This morning he drove as far as Verbecks, and seemed to enjoy the drive. So they tried to make him take a little egg-nogg, which he refused after two or three swallows saying it sickened him. I gao fear it has just taken his appetite away for dinner. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B27_F3_I1_p008.jpg) As to our house and place they look lovely in my eyes. Tom was so happy to greet me, and we have been very happy in each other. The children look very well. I have some housekeeping worries, but shall not allude to them, as I am "naughty, and trying to get good" as Harry says. Tom left yesterday morning on a week's trip to Brookville and I am much worried without him. We are anxiously weighing the question of remaining here all winter. Our expenses of last winter and of travelling I hoped to make up by economy this summer. But that is out of the question with such a family and more guests coming. We are afraid we ought to deny ourselves still our promised blessing. My poor Willie's case proves hopeless. May God pity and relieve him! Wednesday June 27. Yesterday I made myself a very pretty little collar, and practised bandaging my own leg for Mrs Copp's. This morning Mother and I picked strawberries for preserving, and I commenced arranging the rooms over the way. It is very warm weather. Evan took a short walk yesterday evening but suffered from shortness of breath. He slept well, and seems pretty bright. I had a little note from Tom written in good spirits. For him there is a letter from Dr Littell, and one from Mr H. Erskine. Dr L's letter contains nothing we did not know before. This afternoon I copied for a little while, and then walked over to Cook's to see why Ivo had not brought us venison. He had not yet returned so I must give my company salt meat tomorrow. I saw my little croup ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B27_F3_I1_p009.jpg) patient too, and returned home with a large nosegay of Sweet William which they insisted upon giving me when they saw me gathering Epilobium. I found Platanthera Orbiculata too during my walk (the day before I found Pl. Fimbriata) so we are just where we were once before when we came here. I had a delightful walk, and was pleased by an accidental proof how much stronger I am, than I used to be. I thought I must have taken the wrong path and got out at Kleisart's when I reached Cook's clearing, for I remembered how tired I was with the long walk when I walked there three years ago, and I seemed hardly to have left the house before I was there. It is true that old Cook has enlarged his clearing since, but the house stands where it did. Mem. when the atmosphere of the clearing is too oppressive take a lonely stroll in the woods. Reaching home found the carriage ready to start, and accompanied Aunt Ann and Evan in their drive. Evan coughed much and wished to return before we were fairly em= =barked on the corduroy road crossing the swamp. I had to go on to the Lee Lot to turn. I find it best for him to drive in the early morning. He feels the heat less, and escapes the cough. Darned stockings and did a little machine work in the evening. Thursday June 28th Evan slept well, and enjoyed a drive to Burlingame's, after which the horses were yoked to the cart, and I went through the woods to John= =son's over an atrocious road. I had two objects, to ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B27_F3_I1_p010.jpg) see a sick boy and engage some lamb for tomorrow, both of which were effected. The boy a case of acute rheumatism. What an exquisite lookout there is from the door of their filthy hovel! I chose to fancy myself looking at it under the Norman arched entrance of a beauti= =ful house, and was satisfied. Reached home about eleven. Read up Rheumatism, sewed, on the machine, began new carriage curtains, and cobbled Tom's shoes. Elisha had a narrow escape. I caught him climbing out on the roof of the piazza preparatory to attempting the house roof! I scolded him first, and then we both cried heartily. Spent the evening putting the children to bed, and then sitting by them in the dark listening to the storm, as Jane was ironing. Friday 29th. Still raining, bad weather for my own darling. I feel his absence the more that I know I have not conquered the fault he mentioned. I pray to conquer it, and I think I have subdued the manifestation of it, but my thoughts are not under proper control yet. I try to ex= =cuse myself by saying that forcing my mind from dwelling on my real troubles I naturally fall back on every-day trifles but this isn't true. It is wilful badness. Oh Willie, serene and cheerful under the weight of your heavy burden, lonely in the world, what a reproach your conduct is to me, blessed with such a dear companion, and such children. How dare I grumble! God forgive me. Evan seems pretty well and is lying on the sofa enjoying a novel. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B27_F3_I1_p011.jpg) John and Bessie sent me their likenesses which I will stick in here to show some future day how they looked today. John's, particularly, is an atrocious libel, however. [photographs of man and woman] July 17th. I don't wish to write in my diary on the same prin= =ciple that I avoid writing to Tot, lest I should forget to set a watch over the door of my lips and betray how silly I am to be rendered unhappy by trifles so small that probably if I read over these lines a year hence I shall be at a loss to know what they were. I open my diary now to record that today Tom mailed a letter offering to buy 300 <250> acres of the McKean Company, and 75 from a man named Woodruff. He has bought 75 from a man named Scull. If they sell at the terms he offers I will write about it. We decide to buy land and build whether the RR. goes on or not. I don't think Tom's health would stand a life of work elsewhere. I do think this promises us health, and usefulness, and I trust that God will not let us want. We shall not be rich, but should we ever be otherwise? We hope to have enough to educate our children, and to do a little good with. June 18th Watching the eclipse, a very beautiful one. I am waiting to do some copying for Tom July 22nd That poor little girl of Jerry Burlingame's is dying. Tom and I went over to see her this morning on foot. It was a perfectly lovely delicious walk. Heavy dew on the ground, but the grass and flowers and forest enjoying it so ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B27_F3_I1_p012.jpg) August 2 After growing very homesick, it was decided that Evan, if he would not stay till there was a frost down below, had better go while there was a chance of his having strength for the journey. My dear Tom offered to take them down, and we agreed that Mother should be left here, nominally to take keep me company, really to recruit from her anxiety, which was wearing her away. I wish I were with Tom and could see what he is about. I am so dull! They left today. No letter from the Company yet, which makes Tom think he will not get the land. Woodruff refuses to sell. When Tom reaches Philadelphia he is to consult Johnny as to whether I ought to stay up here this winter. The cook wants to go when Mother does, but if we stay here I shall try to persuade Eliza to stay. Sunday August 5. The news is quite encouraging from Evan. We heard of him this morning, as having been quite fresh on Friday six= =teen miles beyond Smethport. Mother made me have Mrs Wiethoff here, and Evan's room was thoroughly scrubbed, and the carpet shaken and turned, the upstairs rooms, photographing room, cook's room, and piazza together with the bare floors at Lucius' house all scoured. The cellar was thoroughly cleaned, as well as the usual Saturday cleaning to all the rooms. Tomorrow she wishes me to have Mrs Wiethoff again to wash while I am to take Eliza and put the photograph room shelves in order. If I were to put them in order in the way to make the room of the least use to me, I should turn out the dishwashing apparatus, the tub for Mother's bath, and various things that are very useful to the household there, though they entirely in= =terfere with me. I cannot hope for Tom home till the end of this week. Now how best to keep my spirits and temper. I can have no privacy even at night for I must sleep with her, and there isn't even a bathroom where I may shut myself up as I could at Fern Rock. If I have a book to read in self defence it is only a grand opportunity for ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B27_F3_I1_p013.jpg) 7 keeping me still to be lectured. Yesterday I could hardly sit still. I took some pride and pains in my housekeeping till she came. Then I found the only chance for quiet was to give way to her entirely, put myself as completely under her orders as the rest of the household, and keep as much as I could over at the other house, where at least my quiet pre= =sence working at his side soothed poor Tom's nerves. That my eye was missed over here was a natural consequence, but I preferred the increased expenditure to having quarrels. Now when her relatives go she says, "It makes no matter what I have to eat, and you may go to the head of your table again." A comforting inference truly. Yesterday she talked all yest the afternoon about my carelessness, waste= =fulness, and neglect of my housekeeping: that I had eyes and ears only for Tom and neglected all my other duties. I could not help saying "Mother, I don't think my other duties are all neglected." Well, perhaps not exactly ne= =glected, but it comes to the same thing. I trust you will in future spend your morning in overseeing things a little, and not go over to the other house any more. You ought to think a little of your husband's and children's comfort at least. You are so careless and untidy, and so is Tom I don't know how he got so, for he was trained when he was little, but I daresay it was going to France. Your father and I had it as a matter of regret to carry to our dying day that we ever suffered him to cajole us into believing he would die if he stayed at home. It is a mercy his morals weren't ruined, all the wick= =edness he saw." And so on, all day. Now how can I stand it best. I wonder if Tom imagined she would be any comfort to me, sick and lonely here? ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B27_F3_I1_p014.jpg) I know I am not tidy, and that I am ignorant of many housekeeping practices, but I am learning_ only she just kills out all my spirit. I can't bear either to have the ceaseless wrangling with the servants or to be nagged at always myself. And to think I must endure it each summer! She hurries every thing up so, except Eliza who rules her. Before meals over she despatches the dishes to the kitchen and leaves the table. She said this morning "I suppose you'll have service directly after breakfast and get it over." I said, "No certainly not till the hour came." Well, then she makes me mind the children and takes Jane Nelson off to dye her hair in front. Now if she does not choose to keep this a holy day because there is no Pres= -byterian church, I think she ought to remember that it is Jane's holiday at least. When a few months have passed, these annoyances may serve as food for jest, but while she obliges me to keep my mind to them they are really quite as hard to bear as serious griefs in which you have human sympathy, and in which you are not obliged to blame yourself at all. I know I must blame myself, that my heart is black in God's eyes because i don't take Mother's (often deserved) rebukes in the right spirit. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B27_F3_I1_p015.jpg) 9 March 20th 1863. I leave the foregoing pages in the diary merely to punish myself for having written them. Now I can see that poor Mother was perfectly right as regards her opinion of my actions. Would to God one could see one's faults at the time! I must be just as bad now. And I daresay my conduct is hideous to dear kind Aunt Ann; nay, I know it is. How snappish I was this very night because she interrupted me several times when I was writing. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B27_F3_I1_p016.jpg) 10 I had a very pleasant week's visit in New York, and would have had a pleasant one in Phila but for poor Evan's funeral which made me fairly sick, and then poor Uncle Bill was brought home from the Virginia springs so ill that they think he must soon die. When I got home I found my boy had im= =proved the occasion of my absence to over exhaust himself more thoroughly than usual even, and had besides hurt his eyeball in a way that I fear he will feel for life. My poor darling! I ought never to leave him. This week he has spent quietly at home, but today Sept 29th he is gone to the Summit to plot off our estate, and will be gone two days. I have had Jerry Meffert here all morning, partly from sheepishness about taking himself off, partly to while away the time till he should be able to receive his mail, partly also because he wanted me to direct a letter for him, and was too proud to ask directly, and chiefly because he wished me to prescribe for him, and took some time to come at his point. I think I really ought to write regularly now if I have time. This week I have enjoyed the luxury of an extra servant, and have been enabled to spare my dear one's eye, reading to him and writing for him. Yesterday, and today, I wrote for him a long letter to the Company, and short ones to Judge White, Souther & Willis, Dr Irvine Then I have taught the children, darned all the stockings and mended a pair of socks and_ that's all, and is. I see very little, but I have had the children to mind, who are two darlings to me, but- werry hard to mind. Lyly is ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B27_F3_I1_p017.jpg) as touchy as he can be. Harry is very obedient, and is a dear good child but more troublesome to mind than Lyly because she asks never ending questions. But oh, what a bright mind she has! She wants perseverance sadly, but her little curly pate contains more than that of a child twice her age. She asked Tom to explain what "anticlinal" meant, and a day or two afterwards quite clearly explained to me the difference between it and "synclinal." She is very heedless about learning to read, but when I teach her her geography or history her eyes flash, her cheeks flush, and she draws as close to me as she can crumpling her plump little fingers together in her eagerness. She is fond of Lady Jane Gray's sad story, and repeats with perfect intonation, "Like her most gentle, most unfortunate, "Crowned but to die, who in her chamber sate "Musing with Plato, though the horn was blown "And every ear, and every heart was won, "And all in green array were chasing down the sun." Lyly is, as I said extremely touchy, but loving in the extreme also, endowed with perseverance, a good memory, and a reasoning and reflective mind. Both have, in short, "sound minds in sound bodies." May He who has placed such ma= =terials under my hand help me to mould them into use= =ful members of the human family, and give them His Holy Spirit. Looking back I see that I have not mentioned that the Company gave Tom 250 acres at $15 (to be paid in improvements!) and he has bought at $250. 75 acres pand at $2.33 per A. 75 acres from Scull and Woodruff. We decided to build of logs as the cheapest and warmest material, but after fix= ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B27_F3_I1_p018.jpg) =ing upon our plan, Cornelius has upset it all by saying that logs are forever settling, and get pismires into them, & other settlers confirm it. So we must choose another ma= =terial. On our place, or rather in the RR. cut a shot fine quarry of yellow sandstone has been opened. It is easily worked being soft when coming from the quarry, but growing very hard on exposure to the air. If we build of this our house will look better, and last longer than if of plank. Plank though cheap in itself would cost us $12 a thousand to haul in, and perhaps we had best build of stone. Money matters as usual trouble me. We must go down this winter for my coming darling's sake, they tell me. We are living far beyond our income and I see no chance of economising. Poor Tom plans bookwriting as a source of income, but we ought not to trust to that. God guide us! Monday Octr 1st. Tom returned home at tea-time last night very tired, but still pleased with our new place. He met on his return home a fox, a deer and a bear, besides pigeons and pheas= =ants. I wrote to Papa, Charlotte and Mother yesterday, and learned a hymn, told Bible stories to the children, read and took a walk. Thursday 4th Poor old Uncle Bill died this day week aged 58. There is nothing particular going on, save that today I made a statement of our expenses for 5 months amounting to $924! exclusive of $425 invested in land, and $348 lent. But we ought to credit ourselves with $130 in cash, $401 in produce exclusive of 25 Tons Hay, 70 bu Oats, 20 bu Barley, 35 bu Potatoes, the whole summer's supply of Vegetables, carrots, turnips, and cabbages, more than we can use this winter, three barrels of soft soap and a grand supply of apples some of which we are drying. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B27_F3_I1_p019.jpg) 13 Friday. We are studying out Downing's plans again. There is one, a Northern farmhouse, the interior of which suits me admi -rably. The exterior looks more picturesque in the drawing than it would in execution, but would do very well, I think. A poor man named Randall spent yesterday evening here whose story is very pitiable. He was worth $2000 five years ago, and was receiving $52 a month. An unlucky speculation spent $1500, an ill-treated eye (quack anointed) reduced him to complete blindness of one, and partial blindness of the other. His blindness made him lose his situation, and he resolved to lay out the remainder of his capital in buying a farm, and erecting the necessary buildings. Every cent was in= =vested, and now he has just been evicted for an infirmity in the title, the damning evidence being that of the man who cheated him into the sale Sunday 14th. I do not find much to write about, and I see it is ten days since I wrote last. We have heard that Aunt Ann wants us to spend the winter with her, but she herself has sent neither message nor letter. I know I ought to be glad, for it is so very good a thing for the children's health, and it is well for me physically, but I do dread the long dull days. Last winter I wearied enough even when I could go to town whenever I chose, but this year I must stay there all the time. Tom points out that in a town boarding-house I would feel extremely awkward, and could get no proper exercise un= =less he were constantly waiting on me. This is true, but I should prefer the town if it weren't for the children. I remember how miserable Tom's Sundays were, and how seldom he got his dinner. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B27_F3_I1_p020.jpg) 14 We have had a sky threatening snow for three days but only a few flakes have fallen yet. Last year we had a snow- on the 23rd. Tom has been busy with the Company's matters. He delayed committing himself irrevocably to our building, having computed that he must use up all our cash in hand, all his Chicago Gas Stock, and all the salary owing by the Company, save $1000. Before it was too late, might he not establish himself advantageously in Minnesota. He asked me to pray for guidance, and devote this Sunday to thoughts upon the subject_ whether at least we should not wait a year before building, etc. I answered that a year ago, after prayer I decided against going elsewhere, and in favor of building. 2nd We can't afford to go down another winter, nor is this house a fit winter home. 3rd We have $1000 a year salary here 4th We have money now for building. Will it be so a year hence? 5th Though every one else failed in effecting a settlement they were 20 years further from the RailRoad than we. 6th All our friends think we do right. 7th We love this country, and are happy and heal= =thy here. We asked God's blessing on our coming. Have we not been blessed? Am I, a Christian, right to doubt that He will not continue to bless us, if we pray to Him and try to do our duty? 8th Going away West we should lose our hold on our fam= =ilies and friends. 9th Our household goods, our books, knicknacks and loved trifles ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B27_F3_I1_p021.jpg) we must give up, and we could get nothing for them. 10th This is a bad year to sell our lands. 11th Have we a distinct prospect to counterbalance the loss of Tom's salary? No, I say. Let us go on, and I am sure God will help us, as He has done, if we only trust Him. May He make us do so! Sunday Octr 21st Nothing of interest this week. Tom was two days at the Summit, and I have sewed, knitted, taught and amused the children. One day I copied a map for Tom another I arranged all his papers for going down, and labelled them. We are going down we think on the 6th of November. Harry and Lyly are doing worsted work Harry is beginning to get along without my holding her hand. She is learning a new hymn "Brightest & best of the Sons of the Morning." Uncle William left a will wh. has hurt his sisters' feelings making Uncle George his heir. He left nothing in money, but they think he would have said some kind words of the sisters who bore with his weaknesses, supported him during his latter years, and tended his deathbed had the will been written lately. It bears date after Uncle Sam's death. I suppose he wrote it when we lived in Girard Street for I remember his being sick and Father and "the boys" going to nurse him at his lodgings. 28th October. Aunt Julia is threatened either with brain fever or melancholy from disease and ill-temper. Mother has gone to Virginia for her. Tom went down to B. Vista on Friday taking me, Messrs Souther and Wilcox who spent Thursday evening with us ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B27_F3_I1_p022.jpg) having informed him that they had discovered coal oil, they would say, if they could but notice the odor. Tom went down and satisfied himself and them that he "smelt the smell." I hope they may find it in quan= =tity! It would revolutionise Lon's fortunes. On our return Tom found a Mr Beers from whom he purchased acres in 3195 for $350 making our farm he says, perfect of its kind. On Saturday Tom rode over the 4000 acre tract to make up his mind as to the best mode of dividing it. He found it diminish rapidly in value as it left the Roberts Lot. On Monday John having been drunk and impudent left (Tom sent him off) and we have since had Leonard Cook as a temporary man. Tom was at the Summit Monday and Wednesday and returned delighted. I re-lined Tom's coat with my black petticoat, turned the collar, and re-bound the sleeves; ditto to his best coat, altered Harry's travelling coat, and made her a very pretty frock out of Harry Wood's old one. B.m. Sat. The priest dined with us today, and a man named Brechtel borrowed $20. Greenwood December 5th 1860. Here in the old square dining room the clock ticking on the mantel, nothing altered save that poor Evan is gone, and his melodeon silent. We left Upland on Monday Nov. 19 reaching here on Thursday the 22nd after a dangerous and tedious journey. Clarion was harnessed in to take us down the hill as Peacock wanted shoeing. It would take too long to tell how nearly he succeeded in killing ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B27_F3_I1_p023.jpg) us all but we had a merciful escape then, and again on the cars. H. Goodfellow met us at the Philadelphia station with the news that the Phila banks had suspended specie payments Ever since, the state of affairs in the Union has grown worse The South so madly excited, so bent on disunion, nothing talked of all day everywhere but the question, Can she be coaxed, threatened, or reasoned into remaining in the Union? Every one says it is the fault of the Anti-slavery Party on whose devoted head the President's Message published today lays all the blame. Tom is a little irritated with me, I think as having contributed my infinitesimal share to this result by my vague notions on the subject of Southern Rights. I tell him I was such a child when I married him that my notions are formed merely on what I conceived his to be, but he refuses to talk to me, considering me as he says "an irresponsible foreigner." Never mind, Mr Tom, I know who paid for Passmore Williamson's comforts when in prison, I wonder if the South wouldn't like to know too! But I need not write about great national matters. My little home plans are affected by the general calamity. We settled upon a plan for our house, and spoke to a builder in Port Allegheny, but now don't see our way to building as clearly as I did. Aunt Ann is interrupting every minute so that I must wait to write till I am undisturbed. 9th December. Sunday. I must get time to write that our Bess came out on Thursday to tell us of her engagement to Mr Shields. God bless her. She has been long making up her mind, and this is a different lot from what her proud early dreams planned, but I daresay she will be happy and I am sure she will be useful. Mr Shields has been ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B27_F3_I1_p024.jpg) deeply in love with her for four years. Just to think of Bess as a step= =mother, and to a clergyman's children! Affairs at Upland seem to be progressing badly. A letter from Leonard says Cornelius turned him off, putting John in his place; that John rode Clarion to Smethport making his back very sore, and that John will just idle away the time with the lovely Eliza. That syren has written to me but Tom lost the letter coming out of town so I don't know her version. John wrote, Tom says, that Leonard left the cows unmilked two days. (This Miss Eliza should have done in his absence.) Poor A. J. Wilcox! He writes that unless Tom can buy, or have bought, his property at $6000 he must be sold out by the sheriff. Tom cannot help him in these hard times. We lose $136. he owed us, but that is a trifle. We are very uncertain what to do about our building too, now. When will it be decided? Papa and Walter spent "Thanksgiving" with dear Willie, who is well, for him, and cheerful. Tot is in Elie, very contented and happy. December 16th. My house-plan is in the hands of a builder who is to meet us on Tuesday to report upon it. I wish Tom's salary were larger, for building and improving will swallow all our principal, and I greatly fear we cannot live on a $1000 up there. Certainly we cannot again come down here. I hoped Mother and Pat would help us by an advance from the Estate but they say nothing. Nor does Papa, but he has given me about $300 this year which is a good help. But my poor Tom is discouraged in his plans for earning more, and his health is not good just now wh. depresses us both. May God help me to be frugal! When ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B27_F3_I1_p025.jpg) the year is out, and I make up my usual statement I shall see where I can draw in my horns. What's the use of writing about private troubles Every one's private troubles are increased by the public ones men's hearts failing them for fear, and upon the earth distress of nations with perplexity. Every day fresh manufactories stop, and new hundreds are thrown out of employment. In this bitter, bitter winter too! The South is mad, and bent on self destruction. What horrors are before us? May God in His infinite mercy avert them! But it seems as if the punishment of our pride was upon us. Public prayer has been made this week, and a form of prayer introduced in the Episcopal church for the time. Public meetings of conciliation are held, but all seems vain. John showed me Miss Bayard's picture and I liked it very much. Pat is as much in love with Miss Fisher as before, and Bess is over head and ears now. How curiously improbable I should have thought it all a year ago! Decr. 23. During all the early part of this week I was very unhappy. Tom was suffering extreme pain from a sprained side, rheumatism and neuralgia. We feared that the sprain would prevent his ever riding on horse back again. Tom was depressed to the lowest point, hardly slept and looked very badly. Thursday was a day of drizzling rain but I persuaded him to let me go to town in his place, and ask John to come to see him. I was very anxious about our prospects too, and prayed earn= =estly that God would lighten our darkness. Without hearing any particular news I returned greatly cheered. One thing John told me that I need not be uneasy about Tom. He is far from well, rheumatic and neuralgic, but John says the sprain need not make us uneasy. — Tom is still ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B27_F3_I1_p026.jpg) 20 in pain but his spirits are better. He was very anxious to buy a valuable coal property in 3131 which Struthers being pressed for money would let him have cheap. I was opposed to it not because I did not think he could make a fortune out of it, for it seemed an excellent scheme, but 1st Because as agent of the Company the narrow path is easier to tread if his interests run no risk of conflicting with theirs. 2nd. Without borrowing we could not build and buy both, and I don't want to take the first step in that direction while I can help it. 3rd Tom I should think one of the last men who should allow themselves to speculate. He says himself that he would be a reckless gambler if he were to play at all. What gambling can compare in interest with this? 4th Tom's honorable scruples would prevent his being a success= =ful speculator. He can plan and work, but in most spec= =ulations there are little questionable steps. These Tom would not take, and those who would would profit instead of him. At last I said that if Tom could make sure that the $1380 of Papa's would be paid by the Estate some day I would agree to his investing $2500. But when he went to town I prayed God to make him decide rightly. He came out with- =out having even seen Struthers. It seems, though I did not know it, that our Co. claim 3131, and Tom went to see Mr Fraley who told him that in right if not in law the Co. should have it. So Tom gave it up, dear fellow and I am very thankful. He has given it up with a good grace, my darling, and I will remember when we grow poor that I have again made him throw a fortune behind him. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B27_F3_I1_p027.jpg) Mother was out here this week and talked about her will. She does not wish to obey the Judge's letter of directions which was framed, she says, when he supposed she would be for much better off than she is. It would provide Bess more munificently than for the others, and it also provides better for us. Mother wished to make no will so as to leave all alike, but Pat tells her that she ought to make a will so that Bessie's share may be settled on herself. Papa sends me a Xmas gift of $25 which is very nice. He gave me $25 before as a Xmas gift in Novem- =ber. I wrote to invite the girls to spend the summer and he says, Well, he will think of it, but I must agree to take board. I hope Tom will let me. South Carolina has seceded, and they say the other Cotton States will follow. Now that the Union is destroy= =ed I hope the remaining States will make no concessions to Slavery to bring them back. Tomorrow we are to meet Grubb again to settle about our building. We told him to bring a drawing of our plan squared. Ours is [box drawing] this shape. To square it, giving us an additional room in each story would cost but one tenth more, and as it makes a great difference in our com- -fort I think we will have it so. Thursday Dec. 27. We had a far pleasanter Christmas than I expected as Tom had a violent cold, and an equally violent disinclination to go to Aunt Pattersons where we were to dine. We went together to Dr Vinton's and heard a very eloquent sermon on a more eloquent text "Neither is there any daysman betwixt us that might lay his hand upon us both." I stayed to join in the communion, and though my darling was not there felt very thankful. But oh, that he would stretch ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B27_F3_I1_p028.jpg) 22 out and lay his hand upon the Daysman who stands our Mediator! Tom's health seems much better, and his spirits too. Yesterday he helped Aunt Ann sort her papers, and she gave him Robert Ibbetson's hymnbook, a Moravian one, which opened of itself at the hymn he sang in the storm at sea "Oh tell me no more of this world's vain store." I was busy copying and correcting Grubb's alteration of my plan, and writing a memorandum for the ar= =chitect Runge from whom we decide on having a drawing. Grubb's variation of mine being hideous, I think. I had some nice presents, Aunt Ann gave us photographs of herself, Evan and her husband prettily painted_ Bess gave me a pretty breastpin very pretty and Mother a morning dress. January 1. 1861. I have made up my yearly Statement of Account, and a dismal one it is. We have spent so much! A part is invested, and there have been taxes to pay– making about $954.60 Our Board for 5 mos. is $265. J. Nelson's wages are $78, and the clothing of us four $181.15. The seven months housekeeping is $462.03. All the remainder are Travelling, Freight, Charity, Gifts, Farm and garden, Wages of gardener, and of Man in Possession. It comes to $3460.34 or $1862.56 for these items. And Tom's salary is $1000! Runge has sent us a rough sketch, and we think it very pretty, but Tom is worried about whether we should let money go into building at all. Sunday January 6. Friday was the day of our national fast and prayer as recommended by the President. Thursday night we had heard of the occupation of Fort Moultrie by the State troops of S. Carolina. Since then we hear that Florida secedes and that Fort Morgan and the US arsenal at Alabama ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B27_F3_I1_p029.jpg) 23 are occupied by State-troops. The President has at last taken a stand, the collection of U.S. revenues being ordered to take place, and an armed vessel, the Harriet Lane, carrying the Collector. The S. Carolina Commissioners have left Washington in dudgeon their last note having been returned them – and there is some gratification announced that an order from the War Depart- -ment revokes that sending arms from the Pittsburg Arsenal South. I was in town on Friday, going to Mother's 2nd Presbyterian church. Pat was there, and after church he walked a little way with me, and I spoke to him about squaring the house, pro= =posing that as he had so often proposed to add a room it should be done now: to which he agreed. Tom is absorbed in searching out the true history of 3131 and the Peter Morris Tract. Friday January 11. A pretty busy week. Monday and Tues= =day I helped Tom with 3131 papers, and did sewing, as well as minding the babies on Monday. I rebound Tom's old great coat on Tuesday morning and in the afternoon helped entertain the Knowles and Thomas people. Wednesday Aunt Ann went in to make her will. She is going to leave all her real estate and all the personal except what she had as Ann Leiper to her husband's and hus= =band's first wife's family. We went in, I to shop Tom to work. We found Mother suffering very much, and con= =cluded to spend Wednesday night with her. She has had a dreadful "bone felon" opened, and is better now. Cornelius made his appearance very unexpectedly, and kept poor Tom so that he could not reach home till ten. I got home at six. How rejoiced my lovely babies were to see me! They kissed my face and hands ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B27_F3_I1_p030.jpg) even my clothes. I am much interested in Herbert Spencer's book on Education and am trying to carry out more fully its theory with Harry than I have hitherto done. She took her first lesson in reading by sounds today, very successfully. Sunday January (13?) Tom came out on Friday evening tired out in body but in great spirits. After a conversation with his Company carried on in the most complimentary manner to him they agreed that he should have a commission of 5 per ct. on sales. He thinks this will amount to nearly $500 a year. He is going right up to Elk on Wednesday to endeavor to secure some settlers he hears of. I am sorry I did not show the glee he expected, and so disappointed him, poor darling. I don't know why it was. Perhaps I was so sorry to have him go away this bitter weather and have to risk his health as well as to incur travelling expenses, when Cornelius has come down unasked and given him his to pay– perhaps I am not very hopeful as to the prospect of obtaining settlers– perhaps I fear the expenses of making sub-agents of various parties, etc, etc, etc will more than swallow up the receipts on commission. I am very sorry for being such a wet blanket! Tom had another piece of good news Burtis announces another semi-annual 5 per ct dividend on our Chicago stock. John dined with us. At church in the morning. Read part of Henry Martyn's Life, and finished H. Spencer's book in the afternoon & evening. Sunday January 20. Very busy getting Tom off, which was finally accomplished on Thursday morning. On the pre= =ceding evening he brought out the resolutions of the Board and they really were enough to account for his elation ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B27_F3_I1_p031.jpg) $500 a year to be expended in inducing settlement, 18 war= =rants on his new road to be sold at $2 an acre payable in four years, and in addition he is to have 5 per cent com= =mission to be deducted from the first payments! Now I am pleased! But I fear the poor darling will suffer terribly from the bleakness of Upland. I hear from Eliza that it would have been useless for us to attempt braving the winter our, there, so I hope the new place can be rendered habit =able in part by next winter. After parting with Tom I went right up to Mother with whom I stayed till yesterday. I was glad to get out here again, for either the smell of opiates, the town air, or sleeping in a hot room, and having to stay up later than I usually do, and to rise to wait on Mother two or three times, gave me dyspepsia and headache so that I was rejoiced to come out and breathe the pure air. My darling wee babies rosy faces were peeping out of the carriage that Aunt Ann sent to meet me, and she herself gave me a cordial welcome. She then gave me the keys and started off to stay till Monday with Mother. Mary Ann the waiter whom I took with me to Upland and brought back here had quarreled with Margaret the cook, and gone away. — So I was mistress of the rest of the house, but oh how I have pitied Aunt Ann! I with my dear children asleep upstairs, and with the consciousness that I have a true love whose heart is full of me, felt still the dreariness of the lonely rooms almost insupportable. What must it be to her, who has lived here with her dear ones, and now knows they are gone forever! Poor dear lady, I feel as if it were hardly right to leave her when I go in to town and she returns. Yet Mother also is a widow and is suffering. I wish Bessie had not gone! ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B27_F3_I1_p032.jpg) I read and sewed all the evening setting myself tasks to see how much I could sew in an hour till nine o'clock came, and I went to bed. What gave me a colic I can't say, but I woke with one in the dark. My night lamp had burnt itself out, and I took it into my head that I was going to have a miscarriage, and there was no one within hearing. A fine fright I had for nothing! This morning I went to church, and was highly pleased with the view over the churchyard of the two rivers sparkling in the sun the low land between them looking as Harry said "no wider than a path" while the constantly changing cloud shadows flitted over the brightness. I enjoyed the beautiful service, and my Sunday talk and reading with the children, learned some hymns and a Psalm myself, read a sermon, wrote to Papa and Nelly, and so passed the day pleasantly enough. I shall go to bed early, and work steadily, tomorrow if I live, so as to keep from worrying about my own dear darling How can he bear the cold and exposure of his journey! In the intervals of work I have been think= =ing about Tom's work, and have come to the conclusion that it is not right for him to plod on with no relaxation as he does. I will try to induce him to resume the plan that was so pleasant while it lasted of keeping his evenings free to read or sing. He slept well then, rose refreshed, and worked better. Besides, as I so often tell him, he should not spin away all his brain without putting in fresh supplies, and sometimes allow= =ing the machine to rest. Life is so short, why make a useful one shorter, and less capable of performing its appointed work by forcing it to keep on grinding painfully and slowly when it is incapacitated by fatigue or sickness — a sort of deficiency of oil – from working with ease. I know how much ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B27_F3_I1_p033.jpg) more I get done when I am fresh, and when I stop to rest, and relax my mind and body than when I "drive", put my hair behind my ears, and keep at it with aching limbs and weary brain. Which reminds me that I ought to have rested before this, or I should not have started so violently when the dog outside barked suddenly. I was saving up my letter to my dear darling for the close of the evening but I will defer it till I go to town Tuesday 29th January. It is too bad not to write my diary. I went to town on Monday and got a bad headache, came out tho= =roughly knocked up on Wednesday night, passed a miserable night and felt good for nothing all Thursday. Still, I sewed and prepared work for the sewing machine. I took it in on Friday, spent that day with Helen Robins' machine, and stayed with Mother till Monday afternoon. Aunt Helen kindly brought me h as far as the Darby Road in her carriage, and at the head of Gray's Lane the sleigh was waiting with my darlings in it. How I rejoiced over their dear rosy faces! On Saturday Mother put on her dress and came down to din= =ner. She also drove with Aunt Helen, in spite of a snowstorm, to see Mr Shields' house, and then the two ladies sent for me, and when we reached home made me write down my con- -clusions about the furnishing. Mother seemed disappointed that I thought she needed so much_ John rather hurt my feelings by saying that it struck him as economical even to mean= =ness. ~ Bessie was to come home last night so I was able to leave Mother. ~ Now for the pleasantest part of my news. On Thursday week Pat "made up his mind" he would visit no more at the Fisher's_ but_ met Miss Lily on Tuesday at her friend Miss Brown's, and the next day took a long walk with her receiving so much encouragement that he made ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B27_F3_I1_p034.jpg) an appointment to walk with her next day. I saw him on Wednesday and gave my voice in favor of his at once ob= =taining her explicit consent, and then asking her father's to which he agreed after a show of reluctance. Thursday a de= testable storm of sleet and snow set in but he went to the door asked if Miss Lily was in and was shown to the parlour where she sat. He asked if she expected him. Yes! Then he said he could not go without her telling him what he was to do. She "thought they had agreed during their walk that he was to set to work." Yes, he said, but he could not do that without some definite hope to trust to. So she turned and laid her hand in his. He kissed it, walked across the room, laid his head on the mantel- -piece, and wiped his eyes. He told me, "Bess, I do feel as if I could be thankful to God!" Then he talked everything over. She had loved him all along, and pined so last summer as to need Cod Liver Oil, poor thing. Mr Fisher wants her to marry a rich relative, the Mother likes Pat, but says she must act with her husband. But Lily said she would be 21 in June, and would be engaged with or without consent. She stipulated that Pat should leave her till Tuesday (today) to tell her mother. However when Pat thought it over he determined to meet her at the cars on Saturday and tell her she must let him see her father. He paid Mother a few minutes visit on Sun= =day, and slipped into my hand a note from her father naming yesterday at one o'clock for the visit named in Pat's note. — This is the last I have heard, but dear Pat is very happy in the consciousness of Lily's love. May God bless him with as much happiness in his marriage as I have, and as I hope dear Tom has. Mother has heard the news concisely in con- -fidence. She does not seem as much interested as I am. She frets more because Bessie will only have a house rent ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B27_F3_I1_p035.jpg) free, a salary of $2500 a year, besides what her husband earns by writing in the Princeton Review. I think she can do very well indeed. Mother lay long awake talking about Bess, and then glided into what is rare with her, a long account of her youth courtship and marriage. How my Tom rises when I compare him with other women's husbands! My heart throbbed very proudly as I thought of him. I wish I could hear from him. Friday. I spent the greater part of Wednesday & Thursday in bed with a violent influenza. Today I am better, but Harry & Lyly are lying on my bed both asleep now, after I have talked myself hoarse to soothe them, with fever headache and cold. Bessie brought out word that Pat was pleasantly and freely accepted. Pat brought Mother a pearl cross to send Lily which she came in person to return thanks for. Bess had a very pleasant visit to her. Bessie wanted to talk over her matrimonial projects. No word from my darling. The beautiful promise of the morning is gone, and another snowstorm threatens us. My poor boy has been unfortunate in the weather since he left. The dear children are very sick indeed. I have spent the day beside them sewing, telling them stories, marking the new baby's clothes, and balancing Aunt Ann's monthly account. She made herself out over fifteen dollars deficient, but by making her go back again and again to her secret hoarding places I reduced it to four and a quarter, and she thinks this went for photo= =graphs. Sunday February 17th The Saturday night after I wrote last my dear Tom returned, and since then I have been too busy and sick to write. As the children grew better Aunt Ann sickened, and is only well enough now to take her first drive. She went to town yesterday for a few days' visit hoping to get her will executed. Tom refused to draw it believing it so unjust. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B27_F3_I1_p036.jpg) 30 One day I felt well enough to call on Lily, and was very much pleased by her sincere candid face. Bessie is disap= =pointed to find her wedding arrangements proceed so slowly, and is I think going wrong in her plans. She wants to keep her place in "the world" and yet be a Christian minister's wife. The two masters cannot be served. Tom brings me word that he has contracted for our stonework at $1980. The carpenter's contract is taken at $1169. We have besides, plastering, ram, furnace, clearing and some land to pay for. Our money in bank is only about $140, and in the state of the country money is very hard to raise, and our stock will sell very low. Tom wishes to borrow the money from his father's estate but I doubt its capacity. He has made wonderfully good arrangements for settlers while he has been away, and ten settlers are going in at once. But their money won't come in for a long time, nor Tom's salary and commissions. I wish Papa would help us! Poor Pat talks of putting off his marriage indefinitely. Barnet Phillips has failed and all Pat's savings are lost with him. John talks of giving up his office and taking a whole house. I don't know what Mother means to do for him. She talks of giving him still a thousand a year that he may marry. Whether Pat approves or not, I don't know. We know nothing of her affairs. I try not to bother about our prospects because I can do nothing except save trifles and I am doing that. I only distress Tom to no purpose by discussing ways and means. Our house plan looks very pretty. Last week I made an en= =larged ground-plan for the use of the contractor which has some slight alterations from the former one. I wanted ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B27_F3_I1_p037.jpg) the house which is to be decorated with deer and elkhorns to be called S. Hubert's after the forest saint who was converted by seeing between the horns of the milkwhite stag he was pursuing a cross of light. I meant to signify to my= =self my hope that in the forest depths my darling too might find the cross of peace. Harry wants it called Fern Rock, the boys Fern Rock or Desere Rensselaer; Tom inclines to Deseret. Tuesday February 19. Yesterday the papers announce the passage through the House of Representatives of the Sunbury & Erie Relief Bill. If it would but pass the Senate what a blessing it would be to us! Charley Burchard drank tea with us. What a change it is to see that heedless merry boy transformed into the careworn head of a family as he is by his father's death. He has had to relinquish the hope of being an engineer though he graduated with first honours at the Polytechnic, for the pay is too uncertain, and to take his father's work with $300 less than his father's salary in the jog trot life of a clerk. It is a hard sacrifice of for a young fellow of 23. His mother, sister, two useless young brothers and two boys children of a dead sister are dependent on him. Yesterday Tom wrote till dinner time, and then went to town after dinner. He wanted a trace muslin copy of the S. Elevation of our house for Grubb to make working drawings from, and when his eyes grew fatigued I relieved him, so by dinner time it was done and he had also nearly completed a letter to Pat mentioning the sums which and the time when he wanted the Estate to lend him. ~ I re-arranged my drawers, and put the baby clothes all in order, heard the children their lessons, learned my own German lesson, did some mending and began a fresh cover for my pincushion. Today I finished it, and also the crochet cover for Bessie's promised pincushion. Heard ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B27_F3_I1_p038.jpg) the children their lessons and learned my own. Began an apron for Harry. – Tom at home writing to Papa. He hopes that Papa can obtain him foreign purchasers for MK. & E. lands. Whether he do so or not, Tom's letter is a very good one. I am afraid I am covetous, I long so for an assured income sufficient for our necessities. I think I am economical, now at last! I ought not to omit however that I am sensible of God's constant watchfulness over us. For instance Aunt Ann has deducted $20 a month from our board, and the Company are going to give Tom his lumber for the hauling. It would cost us $8 or $900. The hauling costs enormously, it is true, but still it is a help to us. Friday 22nd February. Tom was in town till seven o'clock on Wednesday. He dined with Cousin Mary Gray, went to Aunt Patter= =son's and was enlisted in a vain attempt to secure the Presidency of the Hazleton Coal Company for Robert Patterson which took up his time yesterday too. Pat defers his answer to Tom's letter "till Saturday." Yesterday Aunt Ann meant to return so we drove in for her, but the weather becoming raw, snow falling in the intervals of driving gusts, she was easily persuaded to stay till Monday. I took Harry in and visited with her Mrs Dr Hayes, Aunt Alida and Mrs Weir Mitchell. Returned home tired out, and lay down to rest. Tom did not return till nearly 8 P.M. He had sent off his letter to Papa, but the latter sent fresh queries to which Tom must now reply. Rheumatism and fatigue made me ache so that I stayed in bed today till dinner time, but I was very busy. I heard the children's lessons, measured off towelling I bought yesterday completed Harry's apron and made and put on crochet edging for the neck. The Hamlins sent in their account some days ago and I had looked over the items, and collected the vouchers so today ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B27_F3_I1_p039.jpg) I went over it with Tom, and he draughted his reply. He also wrote to Burtis, Souther and Willis, and Lucius. We found he had a payment to make to Ornan Beers and one to Reilly so concluded to sell the 6 shares of Penna RR. Stock I hold, and that with the Chicago Dividend we hope will cover them. I cannot rely upon Pat's being able to lend this money, and how are we to get along! Tom was hurt and vexed because I gave Bessie my white India shawl. He said I ought to keep the one thing that made my common clothes ladylike, and said I was divesting my- =self of everything. I told him the shawl would be thrown away in the mountains, and would be very valuable to Bess. I like to be able to give her a handsome thing that is my own. I was a little hurt by what Tom said about my dress, but soon recovered. I know I ought to take more pains with what I have, and as to the rest_ I know that I am doing right in not buying clothes, and I must trust God will keep my darling's love for me strong in spite of my looks. ~ Learned my German lesson and sewed at night Saturday February 23. Tom went to town early, concluding to make his payments to O. Beers and Aunt Ann from our Chicago money and what we had in the house so as to delay selling the RR. stock till it should rise nearer what I bought at. I heard the children their lessons, and hemmed six towels, and then darned stockings the rest of the day and the evening. Tom came home to a three o'clock dinner, and after tea he read and we discussed while I mended passages of Oberlin's Life. Then he read various articles in the Saturday Review, and when we went to bed he rested so sweetly that he confessed he was bitter for not writing in the evening. It may be interesting to me some future day to recall what the children's lessons are, and what disposition they show for learning. In the first place Lyly always runs ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B27_F3_I1_p040.jpg) unbidden to bring the books &c and asks for the lessons with a perseve= =rance I feel bound to respect, though it often interferes with my own pursuits. N. B. I am obliged to confess that when I am in a cheerful patient humor the lessons are always better said. We begin with "Sargent's First Reader." Harry is only at the 8th Lesson yet for I try to perfect her in each before going on to another. I mentioned a month ago that I was going to try whether I should be more successful in teaching her to read by the sounds of words, than by the old system. I was interrupted for full ten days by our influenzas but I have every reason to be satisfied so far with the results already attained. Harry begins to be interested_ a great point_ and while I cannot prevent her always from reading by memory of what she knows to be written there, instead of by recalling at sight the meaning of the printed characters, yet I am pleased to see that on referring to lessons further on in the book where the words of her previous lessons occur in other connections she recog= =nises very many of them. They are both, but Harry especially, blest with quick memories, and it is difficult to teach her to recognise a word at sight, before she has learned the whole lesson off the book, and says the word without looking at it. I have been pleased too by her picking out words she knows in the newspaper the last two days_ a thing I never could persuade her to do before. While Harry is reading Lyly is arranging on the floor cards containing the letters of the alphabet and the arabic numerals. I then sit at my work some distance from them, and call off the letters at random. This is of course a favorite lesson as it is just a game. They pick up the cards as I call them off, run to show them to me, and then lay them in the box again. This gives them exercise. Now Lyly says his reading lesson. He knows his letters as well as Harry, but so far as I can see trusts entirely to his memory of the lesson to guess ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B27_F3_I1_p041.jpg) at the words. I must not expect too much from him as he is not half so quick naturally as Harry, and is besides sixteen months younger. Then they bring a ball frame, and count up to a hundred. They are not perfect yet in naming the successive tens, but they have learned to count very well. Then I occasionally make them add a few numbers, or show how ten tens make a hun= =dred, etc. Now I pause. If I see they want to play I let them go, but generally Lyly dances off for a tiny globe, and Harry more slowly seconds his request. They know all the principal divisions of the globe, the Equator and the Poles, and often ask for places they know by name, such as Ceylon, Mexico, Scotland, etc. ~ Then they repeat the days of the week, and tell me what is the half, and what the quarter of a thing. They also tell me the number of inches in a foot and of feet in a yard. These are their daily lessons. Sometimes they run to me for a "furniture lesson" a great treat! Now I make them describe the furniture of the room, differences between special chairs, or bureaus, or differences of wood_ or of carpet. Now it is the furniture of a room in some other place_ or the scene out of doors. This lesson both enjoy though Harry is cleverest and involves me in long histories of how, where, and why, things are so and so. I make the children fetch me things I need so that they learn where they are kept, and return them to the same places, and I make them really the "helpful babies" they pride themselves on being by making them tidy the room for me, fly upstairs to bring their own little stool to place under my feet when I sit down to sew. I try to train them to carry messages correctly, and to go promptly, no matter what their occupation. Also I take pains to call things by their proper names, and this helps the children ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B27_F3_I1_p042.jpg) very much in carrying messages. Harry will go for my compasses two foot rule, and drawing materials, and if her father is not there will bring them herself. There is a metal triangle which for want of knowing its proper name I was forced to let Harry christen She calls it my "tin gable" a very good name by the way. Harry is beginning to "get the hang" as Papa says, of sewing, though she detests it. Lyly is very anxious to go on with his worsted work and I have to hide it because he must be guided and I cannot now stoop to his little hand. He is just as sorry to relinquish the work when he begins, as Harry is to be obliged to go on. Their lessons vary in length from 3 to 10 minutes. Their reward is to have a small portion of either "The little Minxes" "Pussina" or "Parent's Assistant" read to them. Harry never plays by herself. She will play shop or something of the kind with other children, cares very little for dolls, and prefers following Aunt Ann or myself about, or sitting asking endless questions. Lyly plays constantly by himself. There is a log hut which they have, every log of which comes apart; the door and window blinds are hung on wires, and it requires some knack in even a grown person to put them together. It is one of the things that shows his patience and dexterity that he builds this hut nicely. He enjoys his plays really; to him it is a real house, and the dolls he puts in, and the toy kitchen cookeries are substan= =tial facts. If Harry plays with them she has no illusions on the subject. She is really too old for them. Her fancy flies at higher game, and she watches the flying clouds, the trees, and grasses with an entirely different interest from his. She is very much disposed to be sentimental about ancient times_ always full of interest in Memnon, the city of Petra, ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B27_F3_I1_p043.jpg) the Alhambra, etc, and always anxious to ascertain their date with reference to the Mastodon – of whose tooth we have a stereograph (She picks up these names from pictures, and then inquires of every one till she gains information.) About history and geography she is particularly interested, and starts from Jones Tp. Elk County with quite a number of facts. She listens to political discussions too with interest. Sunday February 24. A stormy windy morning ending in a bright windy afternoon. Did not go to church but read to Tom and to myself at home. Walked or rather dragged over to Whitby in the afternoon. Tom wants some of Oberlin's texts copied. I will begin them this afternoon. Monday. At home sewing. Tuesday. Drove with Tom to bring Aunt Ann home. Went with him to the P. RR. Office and transferred my stock (!) to him to use in case of need. Much fretted about pecuniary matters. — Long interview with Grubb. Wednesday & Thursday. At home, sewing. Emily Wyeth my old schoolmate came to see me on her bridal tour. Worry about pecuniary matters still, but rebuked by seeing how God cares for us daily. Small gifts for my baby coming just when I was worried that I must buy the articles, and Aunt A. refusing board for last month because Tom was away. I am very thankful. Also for a more important matter than my own affairs Those of the U.S. begin to look hopeful. Friday March 1. Tom came out last night with news that makes us very grateful. The Congress passed the Peace propositions by a two thirds vote: Gaeta has fallen and Italy is free: the Sunbury & Erie railroad bill has passed the final reading; and a Tariff Bill highly favorable to our iron interest has been passed. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B27_F3_I1_p044.jpg) Sunday March 3. In town all yesterday. Called on Becky made a baby's chemise, and learned "tatting." We have had a warm week. Yesterday the thermometer stood at 80°, the lilacs and rosebushes are putting out leaves, the fields are greening, and it is a week since we saw the first blue birds. Aunt Ann is in town for a few days again, about her will as usual. The Peace news is not as good as we hoped, I am grieved to learn. I finished Henry Martyn's Life, today, which fills me with self reproach. I have a great deal I want to write here but I can't get it down. I do nothing for Christ's sake. The duties I attend to I do not for His sake. I believe, and I pray for guidance, but I fear Christianity is not the spring of my actions. I work to please Tom chiefly. I know. And then, though I know one of my besetting sins is harsh judgment of others, I fear that I make no advance towards correcting it. And I am afraid my influence with Tom in this respect is bad. I cannot help a sort of feeling of relief at the possibility of all my worldly troubles and perplexities being over in four weeks. This matter of the building bothers me so. I know that to live economically we ought to live entirely in the mountains, I know that it would not be right to attempt it in our present abode, and that we have to build. So far I know it is all right, and I have no difficulty. But when I come to the question of how we should build I get puzzled. The Company give Tom his land on condition he lays out a cer= =tain sum upon it. Tom takes a good deal of land which of course makes the sum he is bound to lay out a large one. My wish had been that we should only own enough land to give us our garden and our cows' pasture, and to build a wooden house just big enough to hold ourselves. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B27_F3_I1_p045.jpg) Tom believes the purchase of this small Estate a wise investment, and in confident it will be worth $20 an acre. To improve it and the Company's Estate the building of our house should be like the erection of a handsome shop front. It pays for the land and thus we have he says, either the house or the land for nothing. Well, when we come to make the plans, I plan an [sketch of right angle] house with no more accommodation than suffices for our actual family, kitchen living room, study, three bedrooms and attic. The builder assures me that one tenth more cost will square the house, much increase= =ing my accommodation. So I make a square ground plan, and being convinced that neither I nor the builder have talent enough to draw the house retaining the gable-y appearance and pretty details of the building I copied from Downing, only squaring it, I persuade Tom to let Runge make us a plan in the Rhine style. He makes it, but it is a little larger than my ground plan, and considerably higher. The result is, a beau= =tiful house, not larger than I now persuade myself I need, but which I see will cost much money. It is easy to say we pay for it with the land, or with the land for it, but the money must be laid out. Now we have the Riesenberg (Roberts' Lot) which is very find mineral land. We paid $1200 for it — it should be worth $20 or $30 an acre if the country settled, but call it $1200, then we claim $1380 with interest for three years (lent by T. to his father but belonging to Papa) the interest of which I was to have till Papa's death when the principal was to be divided between us four daughters, so of course we could use the money in the meanwhile) then the salary due from the Co. amounts to $2500, and we have $3000 of our own in Chicago stock, so our assets may be set down as $1200 + 1380 + 2500 + 3000 = $8080. This sum we feel entitled to invest in the house, but the misfortune is, it isn't available. We are not now in a position to prove the loan of $1380 nor in the state of the country can we sell Riesenberg nor lands of the ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B27_F3_I1_p046.jpg) Company to obtain the back salary, nor the Chicago stock except at a great sacrifice. So we are obliged to incur debt, and this step I dread so! Pat hopes the Estate can lend it, but I greatly fear not. Oh dear, how I wish I knew what it was exactly right to do! The house is to have a large dining room, which I propose to use as a living room in winter, a kitchen, small parlor, and smaller study, with pantries, downstairs, four bed= =rooms, one dressing room and a bathroom upstairs, besides four capital attic rooms and a trunk room. I feel as if this were too good for me, yet if we do as Tom thinks it politic as well as right to do it will be pretty constantly in use. Considering the capacity of Upland our friends have been pretty freely entertained there_ Mother two summmers, Nelly, Charlotte, Bessie, and Willie Morton one summer, Morton, Evan, Aunt Ann, Walter and Sabrina John, Pat, Barnet Phillips and Weir Mitchell, and the Company's Visiting Committee for visits of from a week to two months. When we are on a RailRoad with a good house over our heads instead of fifty miles from one and a frail old cottage to live in we are not likely to see fewer guests. Wednesday March 6. Lincoln's Inaugural does not please Tom. He ob= =jects that instead of calling a Convention of the People, he only "rather inclines to approve" of one. I see that the Funds have fallen. Tom is both- =ered and wishes he could avoid building under these circumstances. Monday I helped him all day at trace muslin copies of Runge's plans Tuesday I balanced Aunt Ann's accounts, heard the children's lessons helped Tom with the tracings till my back ache forced me to give up, and basted and fitted a dress for Meggy. Today, after the children's lessons I basted and fitted a dress for Meggy, sewed a dress of Harry's over again to please Jane. It was a ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B27_F3_I1_p047.jpg) thoroughly worn out blue and brown frock once her Aunt Harry's and worn by herself two winters. Jane begged me to "fix it up" for a "field costume." So I had the skirt ripped, ironed, the worn edge cut off, and then I turned it upside down, lining and all, and let it down by putting a semi belt semi hip collar of brown calico on, between skirt and waist, and patched the ragged sleeves with brown calico too. It looks decent enough under her apron, poor wee pussy. Aunt Ann asked me to "help her with a little job" which turned out to be cutting out the em= =broidery of Bessie's fine linen chemises_ which I felt pretty ungracious about as I had already grumbled at Jane's day being taken up with washing and ironing an old renewed dress for her without my consent being asked or anything said to me, except that when I asked Jane to wash some repeatedly deferred towels I want to make before my sickness, and my dressing gown, she said she "couldna, for she had Miss Bessie's dress to wash and iron." However I worked for two hours by the clock steadily, and Aunt Ann for rather longer, till we got them done. I deserve no credit for my share for I was anything but amiable in my feelings, comparing our economics, etc: the old wicked tune. Aunt Ann happened to tell me that John meant to present Bessie with a chandelier and I could scarcely refrain from saying that Tom might be as generous when his mother gave him a thousand a year. However I did hold my tongue and worked away but had to lie down after dinner. I cannot walk across the room without pain now, and sitting at work so long tires me very much. The Whitby people are coming to spend the evening and I must be fresh to talk with them. Tom went to town a quarter before eight, and won't be home till seven. I fear the Governor is going to veto the S. & E. Bill. It will be a terrible calamity to us! ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B27_F3_I1_p048.jpg) I brought up a novel to read, "The Young Duke", but it soon began about a love affair with a married woman, and I thought I ought not to go on, so I shut it up, dressed, sat down to write this and shall study German till the guests come when I have a little shirt for my baby to make out of one of Judge Kane's old cravats. Friday March 8. Wrote yesterday to Darlington, appointing Friday May 3rd for the delivery of my summer's supply of lard. Tom brought home admirable letters from Papa (about the Elk and McKean lands to Dennistoun & Co, and a private one to Tom about them, about politics and his separation from the old firm which touched us very much.) Pat brought out his nice honest faced "lover" as Lyly calls her, to see us, and Aunt Ann was delighted with her. John has been formally invited to visit Miss Bayard's brother in Wilmington, so I suppose his probation will soon be over. The times are very threatening: civil war much talked of in town. For the last two days and nights I have felt sick with anxiety about our own prospects. Before Tom went to town l I proposed a plan I hammered out in the watches of the night which was this. As his Board meet today he should attend, ask their leave to defer his building in stone till brighter days, but promise to build a wooden house. To use the services of Reilly to make a cellar, and to have a good stone chimney made by him, and so use the lime already bought in that way and in plastering: to pay the for= =feit on his contract, and to build a story and a half high wooden cottage containing fewer rooms and to let Decker build it instead of our proposed house. To leave out the furnace and to place it by the spring to avoid the necessity for a ram. Dear Tom very kindly stayed till another train to show me that he had thought the whole matter out, and to convince me of its uselessness. Among other reasons, to build ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B27_F3_I1_p049.jpg) down by the spring involved more extensive clearing for health's sake, swallowing up the saving of the ram. The purchase of timber, and hauling it up delayed the building till too late to use the lime. We could not obtain good lumber seasoned, for the purpose. And in effect, besides his breach of faith with the settlers and the Co. the saving would be only a little upwards of a thousand dollars, and the loss of com= =fort and of the advertisement more than counterbalanced this. So I can only trust that as I have prayed very earnestly for guidance it has been granted, and that we are doing right. May God help us, and be with us! I forgot to say that the Sunbury & Erie will not be finished this year. I do not think it will be possible to stay either in the new house or the old one this next winter, and do not see how we can come down here again, for want of money. Would I could earn something to help Tom! Here is trouble in another form. Poor pretty Lizzie the waiter came crying to me for advice. She has been married since November to a medical student and on Monday had a miscarriage since which she has been trying to work and suf= =fering intensely. She hasn't courage to tell Aunt Ann and Aunt Ann laughed at her for wishing to leave for the reason she assigned. I advised her to let me tell Aunt Ann and I would try to have her place kept while she went home to be nursed. Sunday March 10.. Lizzie has gone to her sister's to be nursed. On Friday night a tempest set in which lasted till last night. Tom was very sick with a bilious attack in spite of which and of the storm he went to town yesterday morning to keep an appointment with Mr Biddle. He is made sick by his an= -xiety about our money matters. I lay long awake last night ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B27_F3_I1_p050.jpg) thinking of them too. _ While Tom was away yesterday I spent the time in arranging and putting away his papers, so that if I am suddenly taken sick I can have them safely re= =moved. Last night as I lay worrying I thought over several ques= =tions to ask Tom before I could quite see his arguments defeated mine. As he will have a planing machine to the saw mill, has he not seasoned timber enough hauled to spare clap boards for a small cottage. Is not Decker likely to raise his estimate very much when he sees the plans and specifications? Is it not then quite out of our power to build as we propose? Would he not then take the contract for a cottage such as No 7. of Downing, which we can live in, decently. Our proposed house has so many comforts, so many windows, and doors, etc, that it seems to me a small cottage containing about a fourth of them must necessarily be much cheaper. Even a thousand dollars saved is_ a year's salary. Our contract with the settlers binds us to spend $6000 on the house, the place, the chapel, station and sawmill. I fear we can run it up to that only too easily? Our beautiful house can be but sparely furnished with what we have, and will be hard to keep in order with the number of servants we can afford to have. A small cottage we have abundant furniture for. We provide for guests, and an "asylum for Mother" etc. But if we are in debt we can't afford guests, and Mother seems far from desiring an asylum. In the small cottage we can give her a small room to which she should be heartily welcome, but why hamper ourselves to provide for her or any one else beyond what we can give freely. She does not feel able to build a room for herself, nor do I ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B27_F3_I1_p051.jpg) think she would like to do so if she could. If we give what we can, no one can complain. Is not our present anxiety only a foreshadowing of what we must undergo both while building, and afterwards when we shall be in debt to the Estate. Is it quite too late to draw in our horns? I am afraid to bother Tom with talk, yet if it is not all too late perhaps we may change our minds with profit to ourselves. I wonder if Tom would let me call Papa into counsel! Saturday March 23rd I have been too busy to write for the past fortnight. I have not seen any of the family, Bessie having been very sick and all very busy. John is formally accepted by Mr Bayard. My dear Tom patiently recapitulated to me the reasons for building the house as we had proposed, and I agreed entirely in their wisdom. So our plans are made, the builder has come, made his contract and gone. The Estate is to loan us $7000 at 6 per ct. Aunt Ann has made up her mind to live with Aunt Patter =son so that we must stay up there next winter. May God bless us, and, showing us the path for our feet, help us to tread in it! Tom's accounts are passed, and a balance in his favor of $495 declared. March 26th Tom busy at home. I wrote to a Miss Wood for Eliza, a long letter to Mother, a letter to John, and copied a letter of Tom's of the 21st to B. D. Hamlin. Tom wrote to O. Beers, to D. E. Cornelius, to Uncle George, Captain Jarrett, Mr Faries, Souther & Willis, S. M. Lawrence, Hon Benson, Hon I. G. Gordon, Mr Fuillhart, H. Hamlin & Co, and one of today's date to B. D. Hamlin & C. McFall. March 27th. Tom went to town, and returned worn out, and with a very bad headache. The newspaper informs him that the Western Coal Co. is revived This upsets all his plans for 3131, and makes him feel poor. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B27_F3_I1_p052.jpg) We also hear that a Poor tax of $20 is assessed upon us in Elk. It is a new thing there entirely. Were it likely to be properly expended I should not grumble, but we know who are the last likely to be benefited by it. _ I have been darning stockings all day, and feel little equal to cheering poor Tom. May God help us to do right, but I do not see how we can live on the little we have. It seems hard to hear of "a few hundreds a year to Bess and John" who will be far better off than we at any rate, God forgive me for grumbling and help me to do whatever my duty is. March 30. Tom went to Harrisburg on the 28th returning yesterday, and today is gone to town to report his successful stoppage of the W.R.C.C Bill, his getting the Bounty passed on all but Elk, and the loss of the State Road owing to K. L. Blood's treachery. He, Tom, is so worn and weary that it makes me sick to see him. I am very sorry, for I can't be of any service to him. Though not yet in labour, I hope it will soon be, for since yesterday afternoon my lameness has so increased that I can hardly move without extre pain, and helped to keep Tom restless last night from suffering so much that I couldn't help crying out. To add to our troubles Harry is in a high fever, and I am now waiting to hear what the doctor says of her. I earnestly hope it is nothing serious. Scarlet Fever would be dreadful, now when I cannot nurse her, especially. The people from Whitby drank tea here last night. How I wished them away! Harry, Tom, and I, all sick, and I so anxious to be with my poor dear ones obliged to listen to all the platitudes of our poor acquaintances March 31. John pronounces Harry to have Quinsy sore throat. She seems better today, less fever, and easier, but her throat very much inflamed. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B27_F3_I1_p053.jpg) April 3.rd Wednesday. Harry's throat still causes her trouble, poor little child. Tom was at home on Monday, busy with 3131 papers, and I helped him as far as I could. Tuesday he spent in town, and I finished Harry's red frock which I have re-waisted, and altered Lyly's red plaid coat to fit him. Today I finished a sacque pinafore for him, helped Tom with 3131 as far as I could, and yesterday balanced Aunt Anne's monthly accounts. I am trying to spend my time usefully, I expected to be confined yesterday, and yet seem as far off the time as I was a week ago, being very lame and helpless yet having no indications of approaching labour. Weir Mitchell wants to go to New York on Tuesday and I fear I shall prevent him. It is very trying. Everything is ready as far as I can make it so, and the hour is come, but not the man. If the baby lives it will probably be either Alida Van Rensselaer or John K. Kane. I would prefer William, or William Evan, or John William, or if a girl Helen Charlotte or Anne Helen, or even Sybil Kent. April 28th Since I have been able to write, I have written what I could to my poor Tom. It seems as if I were to be tried with a good many varieties of trouble before I die. My baby, a boy named Evan William to please Aunt Ann was born Satur= =day April 6th at a quarter past two A.M. He weighed 7 1/2 lbs by the bye. During the night I had a flooding, which made them extra cautious about exciting me, but still unhappy rumors of the cause troubles of the country found their way to me. At lenght Fort Sump= =ter fell, and on Saturday the 13th the baby being a week old, Tom volunteered to raise a troop of 100 horse in McKean & Elk Counties, and [illegible line] [---], and so left me. I did not know why the poor fellow hung over me so lovingly, and felt myself to be pitied because he had to go to break off his contracts the forfeitures. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B27_F3_I1_p054.jpg) on which will swallow up hundreds of dollars. Our prospect of a home is indefinitely postponed, and so is that of getting a dollar of salary (more than two years and a half $2500 due) or a cent of the $500 a year commissions on sales of land. We must borrow to live, and I don't see where to turn. My poor Tom, working so hard for so little, and then not to get that. Hard thoughts come up against my will of Papa who is well enough off, and never even inquires if he can help me. Oh that I could earn my children's bread! I have swallowed my pride to accept with thankfulness cheap bonnets and dresses from Mother, who is as generous hearted as she can be, and worn out dresses of Bessie's and the girls', but it is a bitter pill to have to write to borrow of Pat to pay the nurse I have had in my confinement, and to owe money for board to kind Aunt Ann. And I see no hope of escape. On Thursday Dr Weir Mitchell authorised me to read. By the merest accident I picked up a paper and the first line I read announced my darling's name as an accepted volunteer, I have fought and struggled to keep cheerful, but no one can tell what a blow it was that all around me knew he was gone, and I alone was ignorant. I felt, that as I had to suffer, I might have at least had the satisfaction of bidding him farewell. Of course I soon felt that my dear one had done it to spare me, and I am ready to bear his absence as cheerfully as I can, but I daren't think of him for the first shock lessened my milk at once, and made the poor baby sick. Now he is better, but if I think of my darling & of our future for any time poor baby betrays it directly. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B27_F3_I1_p055.jpg) April 30th Tuesday. Bessie Kane was married on the 25th to Mr Shields. The wedding went off very well. Little Harry was there to represent her dear father and myself. _ I must do more to be cheerful and careless! for the nurse says baby still shows the effect of mental agitation on my part. I know I ought to trust in the Lord. Yet He knows that while I stay quietly here we are running into debt and I cannot see how to avoid it, and I know that my husband is suffering. Trust that all will go well? That is what I have done, and all has gone wrong, and I fear I must misconceive the meaning of the promises. Now I know I am doing wrong for I am fevering myself, ah how uselessly! What a cruel thing it is to bring up girls to be the helpless weakly creatures such as I become. I daren't write any more. Friday May 3rd. I have been very unhappy, for I feel that I have done wrong in not trusting my Heavenly Father, and I long so to dare either to reason out my position, or to sob and cry and so relieve my heart. It is now four weeks since the baby was born and my nurse leaves me today which is of itself depressing for I am barely strong enough, even if my helpmate was here to cheer and aid me, as he always does, the darling. Jane Nelly is threatened with some internal complaint, and must spare herself from hard work. Pat came out to see me on Wednes= =day. He did not bring money as he wanted to know what I needed for present use, which he promised yesterday. It has not come, and unless I get it this morning I must borrow of Aunt Ann to pay the nurse. Dear Mother generously offer= =ed to pay for the nurse for a week longer, but I don't think it would be right when I am already running in debt to her. Pat looks sunburnt but very thin and anxious. He says the Estate can only afford to pay ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B27_F3_I1_p056.jpg) absolutely necessary expenses of Tom's, and_ but there is no use writing my worries down. If I only knew what is right! To lay my cares down at the feet of Him who has promised to care for me? That sounds right, but ought I not to be scheming how to avoid fresh debts until Tom can get his money, and how to live this summer? Isn't that a duty I owe him? Dear Tom, you cannot know how cruel a trial you impose on me in leaving me to meet all these cares without knowing whether you have a prospect of relief, and to part from you without knowing when I may hope to see you if the chances of war and the anxieties and bodily sufferings you have to endure, ever restore you to me. May God forgive me the feelings that are wrong, and comfort and relieve us both! Bessies' husband is offered the Chair occu= =pied by the late A. Alexander at Princeton. It has a salary of $2500, a nice house and garden, and four months holiday. I don't know whether he will deem it worth his acceptance. Mr Bayard talks of going South and Mabel does not wish to go with him, so John thinks of marrying her. I suppose Mother will increase his annual allowance. I don't think she looks strong enough to be married. I told him so, and that if I went to the mountains I would gladly receive her. But I hope they won't marry yet. John ought not to begin married life by being dependent. It's bitter bread to eat, even to borrow. Pat has nothing to do at all, he says. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B27_F3_I1_p057.jpg) May 20th Seventeen days since I wrote. I have been too busy to write more than just necessary letters, as while baby sleeps Jane is busy doing chamber work and washing and I mind the two children and have much sewing to do. Lyly has been sick for several days with fever, and now has a severe attack of Mumps. He bears it well though moved to shed a few tears by the reflection that he "looked just like a little ox with a bowed head." He begged me not to tell his father as it would worry him. Pat has sent me no money, and I am deep in Aunt Ann's debt, and see no prospect of getting money from the Estate. Papa sent me $50 and offers to pay for Tom's horse. Tom wants a $600 one but I hope he will conclude to take a less expensive one, for we may have to be dependent on Papa and therefore the less we take now the better. (I see the Penna RR. will pay a 3 per ct dividend this month) Tom thinks he may lose his Colonelcy, as most of his men will not serve for the new 3 year term. In that case he will not need a very very fine horse, and had better either become a private in the First City Troop like Pat or volunteer for the Cavalry Regiment now to be raised. He has, I fear, incurred very heavy expenses in bringing his men down. I can do nothing but trust that God will help us, as He has always done. Though my cir= =cumstances continue so bad I am not nearly so un= =happy for I feel I can lean on Him. Poor Tom has been very ill, and is so still I fear, but he writes so little that I cannot tell much about him. He is at Camp Curtin near Harrisburg. I saw him on the 12th (my 25th birthday) for about half an hour. He looked miserable. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B27_F3_I1_p058.jpg) July 14th Nearly two months since I wrote. It is always so when there is much that I would like to do have written. After four days of terrible agony poor Becky Patterson died of dysentery on the 11th, But, thank God, she died trusting in Him. I went away from here on the 24th of June and returned on the 6th of July, Papa having sent me $1000 for Tom's horse and for closing up our Elk County establishment, which I did, selling the cows, calves, and poultry, boarding Og and the horses, and packing up everything. Tom resigned his Colonelcy the day after his election, in favor of Mayor Biddle, an officer of the Mexican war. He is now Lieutenant Col. but at the request of the Regiment it is called the "Kane Regiment of Rifles." The reason Tom resigned was to secure a first rate officer. Tot is "conditionally" engaged to a Mr Bell of Uppingham in the North of England. July 21st A week since I wrote. Tom telegraphed to me on the 18th "Safe from my first round." I am terribly anxious today. Aunt Ann undertook to procure yesterday's evening paper but as usual the precious Thomases were coming to tea, and she hurried home without it. The man has not brought today's paper, and tomorrow is Sunday when I can see none, and all this time we are expecting to hear of a great battle at Manasses Junction in wh. Pat certainly, and Tom pos= =sibly will be engaged. Mother's estate must be in a very bad condition I think, and as to our affairs I find that Tom's name has been forged to obtain our Chicago stock! I am so uneasy about this. I do not know yet whether we must lose it, so I have said no word to discourage & worry Tom. But I cannot endure 3 years of this ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B27_F3_I1_p059.jpg) I will try to write the history of the loss of the stock before fresh troubles drive it out of my head. ~ When Tom was going away I became uneasy about the certificates for that stock, a share of Sunbury & Erie and 6 of Penna RR. which I did not remem= =ber seeing since we left Fern Rock. Then I put them together with other important papers of Tom's in a yellow box to be put in the fire proof in Pat's office. I left a written memorandum with Tom about them. At the mountains that summer I saw the box, still labelled "Erskine Leiper & T. L. K. estates", and on opening it found only an old pistol! When I inquired I heard that the July 30th _ Interrupted where I left off. Since I wrote my heart has been very heavy, for I found out that Pat who had a Power of Attorney had given them long ago as collateral security for a debt of his own. Poor Pat, he was very weak! My dearest husband was here un= =expectedly, He came on Sunday afternoon and left Monday morning. I wish I could write it all, but we took farewell. God bless him! August 3. Sunday. No more news from the camps_ indeed nothing of importance has occurred since the battle a fort= =night ago when our army was defeated. Tom's regiment is at Harper's Ferry by this time I believe. When he was here last week he had come on ahead of the troops on his way to Washington to obtain rifles and tents for his men. He was suffering from cholera morbus, and we have had a week of very warm weather. I am trying to commit him into my Father's hands. I know that whether He wills him to live or die He will do what is best for him, but it is hard to walk blindfold when I ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B27_F3_I1_p060.jpg) I know that I may never see him again. This is Commu= =nion Sunday. I have been trying to see into my own heart to learn whether I am in perfect charity with all men, I think I am. If any anger lurk behind, God forgive it me, and help me to get rid of it. It is easier to forgive anything against myself, but I was angry about Tom, and I grow angry if I think about it. If I banish it from my mind, wh I can do, is that forgiveness? I scarcely know. Thank God I have never been ill treated by any one, and so don't know what I ought to feel. My dear Tom loves me, I do believe. I don't think I ever felt the truth of it so much as in this last visit when he let me know more of his life than I have done. Oh Father in Heaven who hast blessed me with his love, ugly as men see me, sinful as Thou knowest me, help me to make myself worthy of the place he has given me in his heart, and make me feel the responsibility it involves. He calls me his Christian wife, and I know if I sin I sin against him as well as against Thee. For he asks my counsel, and if it is not wise and mer= =ciful and he acts upon it, wo to me. Oh, God help me! Make us both merciful, longsuffering, hard to provoke, and easy to conce be forgiving, and yet just. Take our worldly af= =fairs in Thy Hands, and help us to be prudent in our expenditure, and help us not to worry about earthly cares. May the Holy Spirit enter into our hearts! Wednesday August 7. Tom writes in a very very sad way. He and Pat met, and parted in anger. Tom's heart was yearning to him, and his to Tom but I know how it was, Tom felt bound to be stern lest he should give way altogether. God bless both & spare them to make up. When Communion Sunday comes round ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B27_F3_I1_p061.jpg) again what fearful changes may there not be! I cry half my time when I can make my escape from kind eyes_ Oh God spare me! I dread myself if I lose him, my dearest. Tuesday August 13th. Poor Mother has just gone back to town suffering considerable pain. She is not seriously ill, I suppose but at her age everything tells. ~ Pat's troop are to return to= =day or tomorrow. I don't care to write in my diary. There is nothing pleasant to say. Friday August 16th. Today I received a sweet loving note from my dearest Tom. He sent me answers to some business questions I asked, and I hope to do a good day's work for him tomorrow. I have done a good deal of work upon my sewing machine this week besides going to town on Wednesday to see the entry of Pat's Troop. All looked remarkably well. Sunday August 25. My dear Tom's regiment left Sandy Hook on Monday. On the 23rd he wrote from Hyattstown on the Monocacy in Maryland about 8 miles from Leesburg Va where Johnston's force is. God preserve him. I cannot write, one eye being inflamed, & I am in bed sick, I worried too much. August 26th Tom and Pat have had a very serious quarrel about the Gas Stock. Pat thinks Tom ill treated him, Tom and I think just the reverse. Pat says that Tom having once given him a Power of Attorney no matter how long ago ought to have consulted him before advertising the stock as lost, and that not more than four months ago Tom wished to have the stock all in his name, and that Pat then said to him that the certificates were in the small fire proof. He says he has three notes of Tom's in which Tom refers to the certificates as in Pat's ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B27_F3_I1_p062.jpg) possession. These things I cannot tell about. Tom will know. But I mentioned to Pat that Moss said the stock had been in his possession 8 or 9 months- Pat says he lied. ~ However these things be I know that Tom and I both supposed we had had, and lost, the certifi= =cates else we certainly should not have advertised them. And the truth, I suspect to be, if Pat really told Tom 4 mos ago that they were in the fireproof that it was in the middle of a quarrel, neither knew what the other said. ~ In their late interview Tom's feelings were very much hurt, but he assures me he said no harsh words. Pat is hurt too. Dearly as each loves the other I fear the breach will never be healed over. The fact remains_ that Pat deposited trust certificates as collateral security without telling Tom. Sunday Septr 8th. My eyes pained me so much, and I was so sick that on Wednesday the 28th I went to spend two days at Bessie's, taking the children with me, so that I might have John's advice. He pronounced the inflammation of my eyes to be the result of weakness, and my diarrhoea turning to dysentery I was kept in bed for several days, and in town till yesterday. He is now treating my liver for I am as yellow as gold. Every one was so kind to me! Pat and John paid me many visits, and Mother was devoted to me. I have not heard from my dearest love for several days. My last from him was postmarked Rockville_ a place about 15 miles from Washington. The great battle has not yet taken place though we look for it daily. May God spare my darling! We went to church, and took the Communion, & I prayed for strength to bear up till another communion season come round. After church I wrote both to Tom and to Papa. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B27_F3_I1_p063.jpg) Monday 9th Sept. Went to town about some papers. Had a painful interview with Pat. Came home with a bad headache and went to bed early. Tuesday 10th The anniversary of poor Evan's death. Fortunately small household worries diverted Aunt Ann's attention. R. Patterson drove Mother out, and left her to spend a few days here. It was the first time since Becky's death that he has been here and I saw his eyes fill several times as he sat with baby Evan on his lap, whom Becky used to pet. I put off writing to Tom in the hope that I might have a letter but I have none. I wrote him a few words in haste at night. I cannot help feeling very anxious for fear of camp fever. Friday 27th Septr No family news of any importance except that John's anxiety and worry have made him very ill and he is going to Minnesota for change of air and to seek out a good location in case he should leave Philada. Tom's Regiment are gone to Tenallytown. He writes me word that the new flag is embroidered "1st Rifle Regiment" thus taking away its proper name. — Tom is leaving the Democratic party, and going to support Government. He thinks his Regiment will go with him. It is his, even if it be no longer called by his name. I am trying to read when I have leisure a book called Recreations of a Country Parson. 29th Sunday. 2 mos today since I saw Tom! Mr Edward Bell Tot's lover is 32 years old. He promised his father not to go in for honors, but still he was a 2nd Class man at Trin. Coll. Cam. but he carried the prize for Divinity Greek etc against all Trin. Coll. and he carried the University prize against competitors from all the Cambridge Colleges. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B27_F3_I1_p064.jpg) Davis' Farm House Kane RR. Camp. Near Fort Gaines Tenallytown D.C. Thursday Oct 10th 1861. This day week I left home to visit Tom, as I knew he was sick, though he would not tell me so. Yesterday his Regiment marched into Virginia. This is only a summary statement; now I will write what details I can, premising that there is a *brisk cannonading going on and I can scarcely collect my thoughts. It is in the direction of Alexandria. I left Phila at midnight last Thursday, and travelled South in company with three Regiments. I then took a a carriage from Washington here. The house is surrounded by camps, or was, for today the tents are disappearing from the hill sides like the spring snows. — There is a lunette in the garden, called Fort Gaines but the guns are not yet mounted. Tom has been very ill, severe ague ending in intermittent dysentery. I believe my coming saved him – at least the doc= =tor of the Regiment had ordered him to send for me. We have been so very happy together. God be thanked for the great kindness He has shown us. – We had three pleasant drives together over the country, and nice long talks whenever he was out of the camp. Yesterday the Penna Reserves all marched, but I believe they are to be encamped in this neighborhood, though in Virginia, for a week. I understand that the idea is to draw a sufficient number of the enemy to repel us, while we keep their attention from a great naval attack. The weather is raw and stormy, very bad for my sick darling, but he is in Our Father's care. I felt very proud of him as he rode by at the head of his Regiment, and prouder yet to feel myself his darling wife when he galloped back to stoop from his saddle and kiss me goodbye before all the soldiers. He will not fight worse [written rotated counterclockwise in left margin, indicated in text by asterisk] *The cannonading I refer to I since found was at Lewinsville. On Friday I stood under a tree shattered by a rebel shot. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B27_F3_I1_p065.jpg) for having had me help him on with sash and sword belt, nor love me less that I bade God bless him and parted with smiles and not with tears. — But I may see him in a day or two as Gen. Mc Call thought I might be permitted to come across into Virginia in a day or two. — The absence of the officers is marked by constant pistol shots. They will not allow it, but the guards left here are amusing themselves now unchecked. I am going upstairs now to put together the things Tom left, medicine, clothes, money, and books of drill so that if I cannot go they may go forward with the baggage wagons. There is a steady stream of white topped wagons pouring into Virginia, and in the distance I can see the smoke of our camp fires. God bless my soldier! 11th Friday. A most interesting and exciting day. Last night Tom sent a pass from Gen. McCall for Mrs Thomas L. Kane friend and driver, and this morning — I was interrupted as I wrote the foregoing words and now resume, writing at Greenwood Octr 11th Friday morning Mr Davis and Miss "Tally" accompanied me into Virginia. A short distance beyond "Langley's," we came upon Tom's camp, and the dear fellow waiting for us. He proposed driving to see how the land lay, and accompanied us on horseback. We fell in behind the relief pickets and followed them out beyond Lewinsville — Oh dear me it just makes me so miserable to go back to those happy hours, that I will make a long story short, and say I accompanied Tom on foot outside our lines, and within rifle shot of the enemy's pickets. That afternoon McClellan came out and greeted Tom very cordially. It is you, Colonel, I am so delighted to see you —You don't know how I have wished to have you and your boys with me." Tom's captains unanimously signed a petition that the name of the Regiment might continue as it ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B27_F3_I1_p066.jpg) was, and Gen. McCall said that the change was entirely un= =authorised, and he would have it tracked out. _ I was per= =fectly happy in heart while I was with my darling, and so was he, but we parted on Sunday, and if he is as sad as I am he is very much to be pitied. Daily and hourly now I must anticipate his being under fire. May God spare him! How sweet and charming he was to me. It was such bliss to be with him, but I may not trust myself to think of it. He had been very ill, but the hope of my visit revived him. I really believe he loves me as I love him. 17th October. Jane as usual busy washing. I as usual minding the baby, trying to sew, and to set the bureaux in order for the winter cleaning. Aunt Ann seems quite sick, with a bilious attack I fancy. I had a little note from Tom: still safe, my own darling. Jane has gone to see a wedding tonight, and I put the three babies to bed. When I was in Tenally Camp, I had a serenade from some of Tom's captains. And when I visited Camp Pierpont on Friday the guard presented arms in my honour, only I didn't understand it, and never acknowledged it. I must talk now to Aunt Ann 13th November. It seems useless to pretend to keep a diary. I am trying to do all the sewing and have the washing done by Jane, and it obliges me to mind the children nearly all the week. Tom writes that he is sitting on a Court Martial near Langley. Pat and his wife, married the 31st October, returned from their trip on Saturday. Mrs Biddle the wife of Tom's Colonel called yesterday. She says her husband will stay with his Regiment till the last minute before taking his seat in Congress, and will return to head it if there is a chance of a battle. Much obliged to him! ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B27_F3_I1_p067.jpg) 17th November. Sunday. The whole North is filled with joy for the good news the week has brought. East Tennessee is rising for the Union; we have a victory in Kentucky, a foothold in South Carolina and yesterday we heard that Mason and Slidell the rebel Em= =bassadors are caught. I am busy trying to get Cornelius account settled. Decker sends in a startling bill for over $700, and Tom writes me word that he cannot spare me any of his pay for two months to come. I must try to arrange the Decker matter All the past week I have been very busy, with wash= =ing and ironing days' duty at first, and Tom's business in the latter part. I am so glad I got the subscription to the Women's Hospital paid while I thought Tom would be quite flush of money. I must give up my hoped for visit to Tom at Christmas. There is a grand family excite= =ment. John wants Mother to continue her allowance to him, and let him marry and go to Minnesota. Mother would gladly do it, but she cannot afford it, and Pat has pro= =tested against it, and I support him. No further news from my dear Tom. I have been looking over my Diary. How I fretted and worried about our plans for house-building, and wondered where the means were to come from, and where we were to spend this winter. And now it is all settled, I am quietly living at Aunt Ann's who is just like a Mother to me, while my precious love is away in the camp, and of all our plans and hopes nothing but bills and worry remain. Ah well. I would not care if I could only know that dear Tom is to be spared to me. —And yet, whatever befalls I ought to be thankful, for my darling trusts in God. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B27_F3_I1_p068.jpg) 25th November. John K. K. goes tonight to take charge of the Cairo Hospital under Dr Brinton. My dear Tom writes in good health and spirits. Still at Camp Pierpont where I left him 27th November. Poor Aunt Ann is laid up with an influenza. I earnestly hope it may not prove as troublesome as last winter's. Yesterday I received the Hamlin's Statement of Account. It leaves us only a balance in our favour of 1.74. I have been very busy trying to arrange Decker's and Cornelius' accounts, and am now waiting answers to letters I have written. I made an estimate that we were in advance to the Company about $535, and as Decker has not completed the Mill upon which he has received nearly $700. that the excess in their favor should be transferred to our credit in account with Decker, thus securing them and ourselves too. Meanwhile I decline to pay Decker anything until he lays the pipe secure from frost as his contract requires. He has laid it, but it is not covered in. And I have written to the B. D. Hamlin all the particulars, both of this matter and of D. E. C's account and requested him to settle them for me. I am also trying to secure the deed for the Summit Farm. Tom is especially anxious for it, and I have made personal application to Messrs R. P. K. J. C. Cresson, F. Fraley, and W. Biddle, and have received promises from all. Only promises however. And I do not now take much interest in Elk County. It was very beautiful and dear to me while I had a refuge there for my dear husband from the heat of summer. But if he is killed in this war I could not endure to live there. And if he is spared I do not see how we can afford to build there, and live. The people are perpetually trying to fleece us, and all the wool is off our backs now. But I do not trouble myself now with plans for the future. Enough to be thankful for each day that I know my darling is alive and well. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B27_F3_I1_p069.jpg) Little Evan is sitting in a high chair beside me playing with an old envelope. He is the best and most easily satisfied of my children. Harry and Elisha have finished their lessons, and gone to play. I am discouraged to find they make so little progress. Elisha especially seems no further on than he was six months ago. 28th November. Thanksgiving Day. On my way to church stopped for letters, and found one from Jos. Tambini charging $40. for a wagon. There were also two from Tom, very short and written in a great bustle but very sweet ones to me. He told me that Biddle was gone to prepare for taking his seat in Congress, that their parting was very affectionate and that he missed him very sensibly. But he was left only Lieut. Col. Commanding, and with a great deal to do. After church I saw in the newspaper that Col. Biddle's friends and constituents had tendered him a dinner which he declined, and a strong hint to resign his commission which he announced his in= =tention of doing. If Tom is made Colonel I hope God will strengthen him for the duties, and help him to be prudent and discreet, as he is brave and anxious to do right. While I have cause for sorrow in our lost home, our wrecked fortunes, above all our absence from each other and the life of danger, hardship and toil my darling is lead= =ing, I have abundant cause for thankfulness this day. Tom is alive, and says he is well. This year too he acknow= =ledges that he trusts in Our Saviour. And this is enough. But besides this, God has given me this year my lovely sweet tempered Evan, and preserved my two other dear children. This year He has answered my prayers, and by Tom's own desire I had them baptised. This year Pat and Bessie are happily married to good Christians. None of us have died, and in kind Aunt Ann we have found a mother to us in our helplessness. Therefore, for these and all His mercies I praise ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B27_F3_I1_p070.jpg) and bless God's holy name. May He continue His mercies towards us, and make us better servants of His than we have been. And oh, may a worthy Peace be the crown of this coming year, for Christ's sake, Amen! 29th November. A short note from dear Tom. No news in his neighborhood. Indeed it is too quiet for my comfort. – We hear today that our men have taken possession of Tybee Island at the mouth of the Savannah River. It is announced with so small a fanfare of trumpets that I expect it to turn out a less important success than it would appear to be. I went to see Sam. Field for Tom about a pony he procured for him that did not suit. 30th November. Spent the morning hearing the children's lessons, mind= =ing the baby and knitting. About noon came a letter from Tom saying he wanted his red sleeping hood, and as I found that it was left in the mountains I set to work and quilted an= =other which took up the remainder of the day. Mary Field dined here – Col. Biddle's letter is much abused by the Republican party. 1st December. The Communion Sunday. I have vowed, and prayed God to help me to keep it, that I will be gentle to the children and not speak harshly, nor let them provoke me past my patience. I am always sorry when I speak hastily. Elisha and Harry are very different: it is wonderful that both can torment one so. Harry is very fretful, and so deficient in perseverance that I have to spur her on constantly, while she is so intelligent when she does apply herself to what is before her, that I am tempted to speak harshly to rouse her. Elisha is always merry and persevering too, but his merriment leads him into teasing Harry and the baby, and he is disobe= =dient. Harry, on days that I succeed with her is perfectly sweet and charming. I am afraid it is much my fault when I do not. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B27_F3_I1_p071.jpg) Wrote to Tom, and to Papa today. 3rd December. In town all yesterday, seeing about different things Tom wants. Mother returned with me, and stayed here till after dinner. I finished a quilted hood, and a case for Tom's toothbrush and comb, and ordered new spatterdashes for him. Charlotte's engagement is announced. No news today, and no letter. Had the baby to mind, but managed to sew, write to Tom, and hear the children's lessons. Wrote to Tom in the evening. 4th December. The other day I read a very well written review of Shelley. It gives me food for much thought. —Heard the children's lessons, took care of Evan, sewed and knitted. With baby on my knee I read the President's Message aloud. He is more cautious than he was in his last, but the times move us on whether we will or no, and the great question of the day cannot be answered by silence. As our armies advance, what is to be done with the slaves? To set them free at once, unconditionally would be no kindness to them, and while it might secure our victory, I cannot bear to think of the horrors that would await the women of the South. May the Holy Spirit influence our legislators, for Christ's sake, Amen! Saturday Decr 7th. On Thursday I went to town, and stayed all night at Bessie's. Mr Shields read me part of an article he is preparing for the Princeton Review on the Absolute, the Infinite, the great First Cause. It was hard to understand, and I don't think I quite agree with him, but I am afraid I am too ignorant to state properly either his reasoning, or my differences. It was interesting however. On Friday as well as Thursday I was running about on Tom's errands. Pat and I are full of his election as Colonel, with which I hope nothing will interfere. Sent him a box of woollen Today I hemmed two nightgowns with the machine for Aunt Ann, and sewed for myself the rest of the morning. Spent the afternoon in writing to Tom. How can I ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B27_F3_I1_p072.jpg) bear his absence! Some days my courage altogether deserts me. May God give us patience, and in mercy reunite us even in this world! John writes in good spirits from Cairo, which he reached on the 29th. He means to volunteer on Gen. Grant's staff. Sunday Decr 8th. A lovely soft day. I walked all the way to Mary Field's church, and as I walked from it to the end of Till Street and from the Darby Road down our lane I suppose I accomplished at least 3 1/2 miles. It is a long walk for me nowadays though I used to walk ten with no more fatigue. I heard an excellent sermon on the text "Let no man say I am tempted of God. God is not tempted of evil, neither tempteth he any man. Every man is tempted when he is drawn away of his own lust and enticed." The preacher strove to show that our common excuse for sins both of omission and commission is that "Circumstances were such that I could not avoid acting as I did." We blame God in fact, thus saying He tempts us. The part of his sermon that applied to me was where he spoke of women's excusing themselves for the neglect of their religious duties on the score of their unceasing absorbing work - Which reminds me to go to read Jane Nelly a chapter! Tuesday 10th December. Yesterday I went to town to show Pat some notes I received from Tom who expresses great doubts as to his election. Pat told me he was going to see him today. How I wished to go with him. I wasted some time in the afternoon and evening on a trashy novel. Today however I worked well. I heard the children's lessons, made over most of an old skirt of mine, and cut out and made all but putting on the bands three pair of flannel drawers for Elisha besides minding the baby all the afternoon. Read to the children in the evening. We have finished a book Tom sent Harry as a gift from camp. (I bought it in Washington for him to give.) ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B27_F3_I1_p073.jpg) Spent the evening knitting on my first Army sock. Wednesday. Sewed till Mary Field, Bessie, Lottie, and the Thomases came to dine. Then knitted. In the afternoon we went to see a flag presented to Col. Gregory's Regiment. No letter from Tom today or yesterday. When Tom was here last June 28-29, he told me part of his history that I had not known before, and when I was at the Camp he told it to me more in detail. A young lady who was very lovely, so amiable and charming that I have never heard her mentioned save in terms of praise, and who possessed such a genius for music that she made her piano express all the feelings of her heart, [loved him very dearly.] [Her <1> father was opposed to Tom I suppose,] and Judge Kane wished Tom not to marry her because there was insanity in her family. [They <2>] gave [each <2> other] up, and both married, and she is dead. Tom would have told me this story, before, only I always shunned hearing his former history. I was content with his assurance that his life had been pure as my own, and I knew him well enough to know that nothing in his past could make his wife or children blush for him. But I knew that the society he had lived in here and in France must have introduced him to many charming women, and I felt instinctively that he shunned singing and his piano because they took him back 1851 1858 1840 1843 10 10 to days in which I had no share. ^ I felt that one so winning, so infinitely dear to me could not have passed through his life unloving and unloved till I knew him, I felt this, but I could not bear to know it. But he thought that if he died, and rumours reached my ears of this, it would be happier for me to know from his own lips what was true, and what was not. He assured me that I was his only love, and that he never felt what real love was till he knew me. I know he ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B27_F3_I1_p074.jpg) believes this, dear darling, and I know that I can keep his love, because it is my intense love for him that has made me loveable in his eyes. I have grown up since I was fourteen loving him and moulding myself to him. But when I think how [sickly, mo[-]ue brusque, ugly and awkward a child I was when I married him and how much worse than I seem to myself I must have seemed to him in comparison with that lovely creature] I cannot feel grateful enough to God for keeping my husband’s heart tender to me. So much was at stake! Thanks God, for all my dear one’s love to me! I listened to all he told me, he will never know with what an aching heart. I pitied them both, I even wept for her, for she was worthy of his affection, poor girl and behaved so well. I was lying in his arms, and I know his heart is true to me, and I could only pity and love her: pity her for not being his happy wife, and love her for appreciating his worth. But the pain was to have my spring-time of love brushed away. I had felt it must be, but I could never bear to acknowledge to myself that the sweet beautiful love life of his spring time was over before I knew him. My poor little romance! I shall never care more to recall how my heart paused to listen to his coming footsteps, how I treasured up a few flowers that meant loving words, a few little pictures a few happy walks. The sweet love names his first kisses, all that wealth of dreamy delight that lies in “first love, first friendship, equal powers. That marry with the virgin heart,” are over for me, for nothing is valuable to me that he does not join in, and another had broken that bread with him. It was all new to me my spring blossomed into summer in his sunshine, but he could think how she would have understood and appreciated each delicate shade of feeling and expression. The Northern spring must look wan and poor to the sun that saw the radiance of the Southern [The following is written sideways over the above text] (Caution. To Lyly [---]) Decem. 26, 1861 My healthy minded Scotch wife believing that Mc Clellan will order an advance before New Year reads me all this pretty nonsense — to prove that she is a Frenchwoman also, I suppose. All women are no doubt; but who wd. think of love-riches and secret papers accumulating in the warehouses of the Bible and Tract Societies, interfering with the sale of Nursery Pictures and Sunday School Tickets and being read by mistake by the tenants of Church pulpits and pews! — The lesson is that females in matters of feeling will be artists and refuse ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B27_F3_I1_p075.jpg) summer blossom into life at his greeting. When he told me how her light watched always in her window, and no matter how late it was never vanished till his footstep rang upon the pave- -ment passing homeward — how it crushed for me the memory of my watch light at Upland. When he told me how quick she was to read the meanings he conveyed in the tents of bon-bons or in bouquets of flowers; — down fell the memories I treasured of the white lilacs, and rose buds, the clematis and violets. I felt as if my heart would break, but when he told me how sweet a comfort to him it had been when I innocently set the light in the window to cheer his homeward way in the mountains, and the meaning he attached to it; I prayed God to purify my heart and help me to make myself to him all that a wife can be. God has blessed our marriage, for now we pray to Him together. I can keep his love even when I am old, and when we go home, for I can make myself worthy of it. I have no beauty, no grace, no genius nor accomplishments, but God will help me to do my duty as his wife, and those gifts which He has not given me are not necessary to fill up the picture He makes of a good wife. If it pleases my dear love then, my taper shall still shine for him (if God gives him again to my arms!) I will still try to give him pleasant associations of me with wild flowers poor dear I shall keep the cultivated ones, and the music and I will earn his whole heart. And when I go home to my Father, I will not be ashamed to be friends with her who also loved him, for I will do him good and not evil all the days of my life! But ah me, ah me, it is a loss! “Dear as first love, and wild with all regret, Oh Death in Life, the days that are no more!” [The following is written sideways over the above text] to see half the truth in broad day and detail which they recognize in the studied picture of a few grand lines and artificially simple arrangement of contrasted lights and shadows. — Forget not too, my son, to offer to your faithful partner though the grand- children wipe her spectacles, a daily tribute of those childish words and tokens which were charming to her in her teens. Else she will forget that these were ever offered her: she will remember forever every one which, offered or not, were ever picked up by the partner of a quadrille. — the companion <(female!)> of any hour who accepted a seat in your carriage or sang five bars with you in an Italian Duet. And all this, how beit ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B27_F3_I1_p076.jpg) Friday Decr 13th. Yesterday I had no time to write diary. I sewed until dinner time, wrote to Tom, took the baby a walk, and when evening came helped to entertain Aunt Ann’s guests. Today I sewed all day. I have made Elisha three pair of flannel drawers, two flannel shirts, and altered (I might almost say, made over) his two sacks, and a petticoat of my own, during my leisure hours this week. Poor Tom writes in very low spirits, seeming to be uncertain not only of his election, but whether he will not resign. Biddle has been acting badly. I am worried about his health too. He writes that his “cold” is so much better that he hopes soon to resume his drill. I did not know he was sick, and I do not know now how sick he has been or may yet be. When I remember the pleurisy he has had, and the severe bronchitis this year I don’t know what to do with myself. I throw myself on my knees to pray God to spare him to me, for I suffer so in his absence, how could I endure to have him never return. My dear, dear Tom! My poor Willie has had a bad fall, bruising his face and breaking three teeth. Poor Willie, his lot is harder than mine. Saturday Decr 14th. Went into town feeling very hopeful and happy. returned feeling as if I longed to be dead. I cannot write to Tom to night, I am too sad. I took the children to Lily’s where they spent a very pleasant day. Pat returned from Washington only just before dinner. He tells me that Tom has been greatly better for his visit. He found him quite prostrated both from his cold and by worry of mind and says he was quite unnerved by his meeting Pat. He thinks Tom is mistaken in believing that Biddle un- dermined him. He says that Biddle is an excellent officer, and that in Tom’s position as Lt. Col. he could not show himself as he was. Consequently the men missed the firm hand and Pat thinks it is but natural that all the captains but one should have signed a request to Biddle to remain with them. [The following is written perpendicular to and directly over the above] well diffused; is but the record of a noble woman’s jealousy of an unoffending little girl who hoped last summer but one she was going to sleep sound under the I.H.S. some Celts think worshipful. Yes! I will add also that my dear Presbyterian hath ever jaloused the millinery of those faithful to the decayed estate of a certain scarlet lady. She hath invaded and appropriated (God bless & reward her for it) all my being. — but occasionally my soul proves more on the alert than hers to recognize meaning in the twinkle of a church candle, the tinkle of a tonsured shepherd’s belt. —Darling, can you not be proud enough that you have seen the Star of Bethlehem itself which guided you in rapture to the Supreme Lord’s cradle? My first love and true love and only true love, forgive the rudeness of these lines written for your children! ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B27_F3_I1_p077.jpg) Col. Biddle and Pat met cordially, and he said he had written such an answer as he thought would please Tom, or satisfy I think was the word. Tom means to come to an open breach with him, and says he has been hampered by my letters. Pat said that he would engage that neither he nor I should interfere, but let him finish out his plan, he (Pat) would attend to some newspapers and so forth, but where there were two opposite courses it was better to pursue one fully, and not allow one to hamper the other. I daresay I have kept Tom from being successful, because he has tried to combine my advice and his own opinion and they are diametrically opposite. So I must hold back. I am very unhappy for I grieve lest my dear Tom should be wronging an innocent man. God guide him, I am powerless! Pat says he wants me to write him to take a daily glass of whiskey and water, that he needs it, but that he says I objected to it and to his giving it to the men. I did object to his giving it to the men, but I urged his taking it as the doctors have repeatedly urged it upon him as necessary. What shall I do, what shall I do? Tom twists things as Mother does into constructions they were never meant to bear. I wish he would write to me more fully. I daresay his feelings have been hurt, and I know how desperately unhappy and unnerved he must be. I cannot go to him to soothe and comfort him, and I greatly fear he will act rashly. “Oh that we two were lying Under the church yard sod! Our limbs at rest on the quiet earth’s breast And our souls at home with God.” [The following is written sideways over above text] Tom insists upon my writing down that I am ashamed of betraying such a feminine and unworthy spirit, and that I am convinced that I am his first and only love. I am! ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B27_F3_I1_p078.jpg) Thursday Decr 19th No word to me from Tom, but Pat had two telegrams summoning him in desperate haste yesterday, I suppose about the Biddle matter. I am very unhappy, for I dread Pat or Tom getting into a duel, and I greatly fear that Tom judges Biddle unjustly. I can do nothing but pray, and will my prayers be of any use? Oh may God who can do all things mercifully guide my darling! All the family affairs are in a sad jumble. Aunt Alida is going to sue Pat for her income which he cannot pay at present, and Mother tells her worries to every one, Aunt Ann Aunt Patterson & Cousin M. Gray. She wanted to go and throw herself on Aunt Alida's mercy, and when I dis= =suaded her from doing that, she got Aunt Ann to go, unknown to me. Of course this just defeats Pat's wishes, satisfying Aunt Alida that she can frighten him. Poor Pat is overwhelmed with financial troubles, and feeling that every cent is of value. Let us remember that he had his arrangements to make for paying the taxes, and some more bills of John's, and had just heard Aunt Alida's information, and that a twice deferred case of much importance had to be delayed again that he might go to Tom. I am so miserably anxious. Friday. I felt sure that I should hear today but I have not a word from Tom. Pat telegraphed to Lily," I may be away several days. Let Mr Green know." So I know nothing, except that there is something dread= =fully wrong. God guide us! If dear Tom is sick I have twenty five dollars, a Christmas gift from Papa that would take me to him. Oh Father in Heaven, help me to trust in Thee through the darkness! I would rather have my darling sick or sad, than to have him err. What can this be? If it would do any good, I would so gladly die to save him from a single pang of remorse. Since I wrote the above I have ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B27_F3_I1_p079.jpg) been trying to trust in Him who has brought me through so many troubles. Willard's Hotel Decr. 26th 1861 We learned on Saturday that Tom was shot through the cheek the day before in the battle of Drainsville. After great anxiety, I started off in the night train on Monday. I got to Tom's camp on Tuesday about 2 P.M. I found him lying on his buffalo robe in his smoky little tent. At first he would not speak to me, but at last by God's help I won him to listen, and at last to promise he would not fight Biddle. Then he was put in an ambulance, and about ten at night I lay down beside him at Willard's the tiredest sleepiest thankfullest of women. I have heard the truth of the Drainsville fight which redounds to Tom's honor. And I have heard enough to convince me that Biddle has behaved abominably. 27th Tom had several visitors yesterday, among others the Secretary of War, which is a great compliment. Old Bernhisel Delegate from Utah was here also, showing us in a pamphlet printed in Liverpool 1851, a prophecy of Jo. Smiths dated Decr 25th 1832 foretelling a Rebellion of the South against the North beginning in S. Carolina, followed by an appeal to Great Britain, arming of the Indians against both, North & South, and rebellion of the negroes armed and trained against their masters, followed by earthquakes, volcanic eruptions etc. 28th I took a little walk to buy Tom some things in P Pennsyl= =vania avenue. Met my cousin Mrs May coming to call, and brought her to see Tom. Spent the day very quietly writing for Tom, and writing in my diary part of what follows. My diary now skips some pages. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B27_F3_I1_p080.jpg) I did not write details about the difficulty between Tom and Biddle, because I thought Tom would not like it. Besides, before I came on I thought Tom in his loneliness and homesickness, without any friend to lean on, and with his extreme sensitive -ness might have magnified things Biddle did not mean, and I knew that when he would not write to me he must be doing what I disapproved. I ought therefore to say that he has, (while he will not tell me the whole both because it cannot be recalled without his anger rising, and because he does not wish to wound me for his sake); told me enough to satisfy my judgment that Biddle is base, lying, and treacherous. I have always urged upon Tom that he should forgive him, and the dear fellow has forgiven him over and over and over again —more things I confess I think I should have done. When I get through with what I am writing now, I must find time to specify some of his offences When the time came for Biddle to choose between Congress and the Regiment, Tom offered to let him keep the Regiment. Biddle was welcome to it. [but he must decide either to go or to stay as factions were beginning to disorganise the Regiment.] Biddle was going to Philada, and promised a decisive answer. This his constituents forced him to give. Then some of Tom's friends among the captains told him that a letter was circu= =lating among the captains who were Biddle's creatures, requesting him to come to them again, Tom told his men to sign it also, and then asked for the paper to sign it himself, claiming that as Lieut-Col. it was due to the honor both of Biddle and himself. He was told that it was gone, or rather, at first each captain professed to have seen it last in the hands of another. At last it was tracked to Captain Mc Neill who was not to be found. Tom ordered a search made for him, and when he found he ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B27_F3_I1_p081.jpg) must make his appearance, he said it had been sent by a civilian that day –Tom having expressed his wish to sign it the day before. Tom then said they must be sensible of the slur such a proceeding would be if Col. Biddle responded to a thing of that kind, after he had expressed his wish to sign it. Then Mc he said he would send for it, when Mc Neill acknowledged it had not gone yet. It was in his tent. Tom requested him to bring it that he might sign it. "Why, Colonel, if we had known you would sign it, we would have drawn it up a little differently." "Such as it is, I would like to sign it." Away goes Mc Neil. Tom waits and waits, finally learns that Mc Neil has hurried it off in the interim. So then he rides up to town to see Biddle, tells him of this paper, and of the way dissension is beginning to break up the Regiment. Biddle affects surprise, is shocked at Tom's supposing any one but himself could be elected, and when Tom's asks him in his letter of reply to the captains to state that he considers him a good officer he says he should think his testimony could hardly be of any value. Such as it is he will of course give it cheerfully. But does Tom wish to carry it away with him at once. He would like to do Tom full just= =ice and he is so hurried now. Tom of course cannot press the matter so he goes home. No letter. After a while it is said that a letter was received by some of his (Biddle's) own captains and suppressed, and all the demands of Tom's captains failed to get sight of it, or a direct admission or negation of its existence. —This is his way of working. No one can prove that he did not write the letter, but indeed it probably was written and deposited in safe hands, where it could do Tom no good. —Numberless incidents of this kind at length, ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B27_F3_I1_p082.jpg) exhausted my dear sick Tom's forgiveness and Christianity*. He went to town and through his second Col. Bayard challenged Biddle, to fight with pistols at four paces. Biddle remonstrated, wished to explain, wouldn't fight Tom telegraphed for Pat to come on and spend the last night with him, but when Pat came, in his anxiety to prevent Tom's fighting he put himself in communication with Biddle, and stopped Bayard Tom says Pat did not prevent the duel, that Biddle was already cowed, and, whatever Pat did or said, he meant to force Biddle either to shoot or be shot. At two o'clock in the morning came Dr Freeman with word of the advance to be made on Dranesville, and Tom went off, his deadly purpose still strong in his heart. God spared him, enabled him to behave like a hero, and with many marvellous escapes, eight holes made by shot through his flannel shirt, and yet only this one wound, yet weakened him by loss of blood so that he could not leave his tent. But the day I came he had a room engaged at Willard's, and was going up! Pat and Weir had failed utterly in changing his purpose. What Pat said to Biddle I do not know, and think it perhaps better not to inquire. Pat returned home during Sunday Night. He sent for me, and while he told me nothing, gave me to understand that it was just as well for me to go on, and that he approved my travelling at on that very night. In the evening he came to escort me to the cars, and begged me to believe whatever I might hear, that he had acted and would act as mine and the children's best friend, and Tom's though he might not think so. And then he said that if I failed he had still one remedy left. I don't remember anything more he said but the general im= =pression he left was that he distrusted Tom's judgment. I went on to Washington in the night train on Monday, and reached Tom's camp on Tuesday about 2 P.M. I had not thought ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B27_F3_I1_p083.jpg) over next page but two of what I should say for I knew that if Our Heavenly Father was going to be so merciful as to use me as His instru= =ment His Spirit would inspire me. But all my hours had been a prayer, all my soul wrestling for my darling's, and my dear Saviour had recalled comforting words to me when my task seemed more than I could accomplish. Yet I know one thing had flashed across me to say in the midst of the night, and I said it, and it made most impression on Tom of all I said. Yet it was a sinful saying. I am writing these words painfully, for I am far from well, and it is only Tom's desire that I should do so that makes me write down as much as I remember. He wishes our children to know the trials, the temptations of the devil, the sufferings their parents went through, and to receive the testimony of their belief in the great love and mercy of God. Dear children, if you should ever read these words, it will not be before we have gone to our Judge. Therefore do not you judge us, but judge this rather that you never put a stumbling block or an occasion to fall in another's way. I raised the flap of his tent, and went in. He had heard my voice, and lay on his face on his low pallet bed, turning from me. I leant down beside him, and said "Tom dearest, won't you look at me? — Not one word for your tired darling that has come all this weary way to you?" And so on At last he raised his poor wounded face and weary fevered eyes and said "You, why have you come? I have given myself to the devil and he will give me my revenge. Yes, your Sintram has been out with the Little Master." "And did you think, my darling, that your poor Verena, whom you call your guardian angel, could turn from you ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B27_F3_I1_p084.jpg) and leave you to perish?" He said his mind was made up, he would shoot him and have justice. "And are you happy, Tom?" "I shall have justice." "Will you be happy then?" "I don't care for happiness, I shall have justice." "So "Tom, you chose God for the Master and Judge. Is this to please Him," "It would please the Jews' God." "Would it please Christ?" No answer, "Tom, would it please Christ?" He looked me in the face then, and said "No." Then I quoted some of Our Saviour's words but he could not yet bear them, and he seemed to harden himself against them. Then I took his hands and made him look at me and said, "Tom, when we parted here last you put on my ring to wed me for Eternity too. If you choose to damn your own soul, mine shall go too. I swear that when you fight a duel, whether you die or live, I will cut my throat. You know I know how to do it." "And our poor little children, wife?" "God will take care of them. It is not I who will have killed their mother." Then he laid before me all the temptations the devil spread before him, his Regiment re-united, his false friend punished a Major General's Commission, wealth, power, fame and worldly honour_ and on the other side he showed me poverty, slander, loss of his Regiment, and that probably he would still lose his life, for Biddle piqued by what has passed and urged by his friends to retrieve his honour will probably challenge him, and I should only tie his hands, and deliver him up to be murdered. He told me he knew what he could bear. I must let him go away, flee to the West and far as he could from his enemy. He showed me all the hard conditions and, in his deep love for me, gave his fate into my hands. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B27_F3_I1_p085.jpg) I touched his wound. "Tom, do you know I gave you this? Do you know I prayed God to wound you to stop you from the sin of murder were it by his messenger of Death. You said just now I was afraid of Death. I am not, darling, if your soul is to live. Dear, I say, stop! I will gladly bear whatever God sends, if you will forgive this man, and not fight, for Christ's sake." My darling struggled with the devil, and by God's help conquered, and chose with me poverty and slander and all worldly trials, and so Our dear Saviour rescued him from Him who can kill the soul. I cannot write all we said. He was weak, but we wrestled long. And in the days that followed, and that are to come he will have many are a struggle, for "Not as yet are we in safety or repose, The holy house is still beset, with leaguer of stern foes." But the Spirit has returned to his heart, and he has turned from his sin, and has said "Our Father who art in heaven, forgive us our trespasses as we forgive those who trespass against us." Oh merciful Father strengthen him, and be with him henceforward, now that I, his poor little friend, must leave him! My Father, how could I leave He him, if I might not implore Thy protection for him. Dear Saviour, pray for us! Amen! ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B27_F3_I1_p086.jpg) I showed what precedes this to dear Tom, and he corrected one or two mistakes. For instance what finally broke down his patience was the discovery that Biddle lied about his order book. He carried off with him a Brigade order book he carried about kept when in Western Virginia. To matters connected with it Tom refers in a paper I copied for him. But the regimental orderbook proves him to have lied to Tom. One case I remember. Tom attempted to drill a company. B. sent for him, and sharply told him he exposed himself to a disagreeable rebuff from any captain who disliked his inter= =fering with his company, as it was well known he disapproved of his field officer's meddling with them. Tom said that Major Stone was in the habit of drilling the men. Then, said Biddle, it is against my express orders. Still Tom asked, Do you forbid my doing it? Yes, Sir. _ Major Stone was still permitted to drill unchecked, and now Tom finds an order about this date to him to do so. He constantly gave Major S. instruction about the business of the regiment, and never Tom, nor would he ever let Tom drill the battalion. While constantly promising to devote two or three days to putting Tom, (whom he always professed to regard as his undoubted successor,) all courant, he never did, and at last went off sud= =denly, leaving Tom, who was ailing, with all the usual business of the Colonel, a quantity of ravelled ends that had been allowed to accumulate to be rewoven, and a drill to be performed on the instant. Of course Tom was fluttered, and acquitted himself badly, and said he heard the men laugh. _ I daresay he did better than he thought he did, but it made him nervous. Dear Tom wrote what follows, not knowing that I had been writing about him on the preceding page. Let it stay as an emblem of the rest my visit was to him amid his cares. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B27_F3_I1_p087.jpg) E. D. W. As an island in a river Vext with ceaseless stir and moil Keeps an inner silence ever On its consecrated soil Flowered with flowers and green with grasses So thine own with thee abide Every outer care that passes Deepening still the peace inside [Pictures drawn on the right side of page] 32 58 61 1862 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B27_F3_I1_p088.jpg) Decr 29th Passed a quiet Sunday with dear Tom. He had some visitors, but none of importance. Read the Bible and prayed together. These days at Willard's were strange. It is curious that the two most tragic episodes of my quiet life should be associated with hotels and all the noise and bustle of a city. Here in the quiet country my life passes monotonously enough but calamity comes, and finds me shrinking away from the unsympathising crowds of strangers in a hotel. I was sick, and Tom was sick, and we were in sore trouble, and yet we were strangely intensely happy. "For this my son was dead, and is alive again, and was lost, and is found." Monday 30th Mr Stephenson the gardener from Branchtown called with a bouquet of flowers. He has a post in the "Experimental Gar= =den" here. We were discussing the question whether Tom should return to camp now or wait a few days when the tailor's bill came for two years back. $263! Poor dear Tom! It will swallow nearly all his pay for two months now due, and defeat our plans of paying off Jane and Aunt Ann this time. It settled the question whether Tom should go or stay, too! That afternoon or rather evening found us at Langley. I spent Tuesday and Wednesday almost entirely in Tom's camp Thursday and Friday I was too sick to go out of doors and Saturday I returned home. Johnson's house at Langley is the only dwelling there inhabited by the original owners. The other houses scattered about are used as General's headquarters or Brigade hospitals. Johnson's wife and son, an old negress and a little nigger constitute the household. The parlors were occupied by the Court Martial the Provost Marshal's wife had the front room upstairs, and we the back room; the family being stowed away in a small side-building. They gave us lodging but not board ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B27_F3_I1_p089.jpg) and we led a very Robinson Crusoe life with respect to meals. The first day the ambulance called early and took Tom to the camp, and about noon he sent his orderly with whom I walked to camp, returning at the last glow of sunset. I busied myself sorting Tom's papers in one of the boxes, a task I completed the next, (New Year's,) day. Aunt Mary Leiper called and arranged that we should go home together on Saturday. On New Year's Day every one went to see a sword presentation to General Ord. He spoke, Captain Taylor says, very handsomely of Tom. Tom was not well enough to go, but heard that the privates on guard at the different camps he would have passed, had told their Lieutenants they meant to present arms to him. On Thursday Gen. Ord called to see Tom and spent an hour and a half with him. (He and Gen. Reynolds called again on Saturday, I hear.) He told Tom "Kane I would like a brave man like you to do me justice I must not claim. You wonder why I did not take the battery, I am sure. You were in the advance, and did not see what it was my painful lot to witness. It was not one regiment that ran away. Kane, at one time or another, they all ran." Speaking of the necessity of coupling Tom with the herd in the despatches, he said "I paid you only one compliment. I trusted to you to hold the position with your regiment alone till I could get the battery in place. And you did!" I shall paste in here the Reports of McCall, Ord & Kane and McClellan's General Order. McCalmont and Jackson are praised I heard the former say that neither of them had any thing whatever to do. Yet should brevets be given they will receive more honour than Tom who is going to lose his election ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B27_F3_I1_p090.jpg) as Colonel through the manoeuvrings of Biddle and his followers. Biddle at first wished to be Colonel, but his refusal to fight having leaked out no one would vote for him now so he says he wants his friends to vote for Campbell. Washington Dec 28. 1861 General Order No 57. The Commanding General expresses his thanks to Brigadier General Ord, and the brave troops of his brigade, who so gallantly repelled an attack of an equal force of the enemy on the 20th inst. The General takes pleasure in observing the readiness of the remaining troops of McCall's Division, and the able dispositions of their commander to repel the enemy in case of the advance of reinforcements. The General would also acknowledge the distinguished services of Col. McCalmont 10th P.V.R.C. Col. Jackson 9th P.R.V.C. Lieutenant Col. Kane Rifle Regt P.V.R.C. and Capt. Easton of Easton's Battery: wh. contributed, in a large degree, to the success of the day. By command of Major Gen. McClellan. S. Williams A. A. G. I cannot obtain McCall's report which I wanted to insert here, too. We had a nice letter from Dr Elder giving an account of a visit he paid Tom. He says he is "severely threatened with a Brevet Major Generalship," but I think his enthusiasm for Tom misleads him. I shall be very glad if they give him a Brevet Colonelcy, But while I try to encourage dear Tom not to mind being dis= =appointed in the election, I confess here that I would prefer his being elected Colonel in his own Regiment to any honour_ No, I would not quite mean that, but I fully sympathise with Tom's disappoint= =ment. Saturday 11th. Jan. I had a kind letter from Papa enclosing me another $25 check as I spent my other in visiting Tom. ~ Consulted Weir Mitchell about myself who orders ale, and a tonic which is also to act on my liver. Sunday 12th Not feeling well, stayed quietly at home this wet day. Read and wrote to Tom and Papa. Copied for Tom Luther's Psalm, which I must learn. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B27_F3_I1_p091.jpg) Monday January 13. A note from Tom which I copy in part as I don't quite understand it. "I came very near my Colonelcy. Not because of my merits ~ (There has not been the slightest discussion of the merits of candidates in all this contest)— but in consequence of a strong man with a warm heart stepping into to my rescue. Let Pat and Mother know his name, if it is their loathing, Simon Cameron my friend, who has done and tried to do more for me already, than all the VanBurens Polks and Buchanans my father ever dined_ did for him or his. So at last when they found that I had a majority of votes, they induced General McCall to refer the question who should vote, to Governor Curtin, who is hostile to me. They have asked him to decide the mob shall vote. I need not say to you the Mob shall never vote for me. After sin and absolution such as my last, Sintram cannot hire his bullies, bribe his officers, dispense his whiskey. Here is an old motto, to be translated by you to suit what you know I mean. Vixi liber ~ et moriar. Thomas L. Kane." No news today, I "walked on the Slopes with the two elder Princes" as the Court Journal would say, and sewed, and wrote, and so the day passed. Tuesday 14th Ditto. Wednesday 15th. John writes to bid us all goodbye. He was just starting as one of Gen. Grant's staff on an expedition from Cairo. No news from Tom. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B27_F3_I1_p092.jpg) 86 Luther's Psalm. Translated by Carlyle. 1 A safe stronghold our God is still, A trusty shield and weapon; He'll help us clear from all the ill That hath us overtaken. The ancient Prince of Hell Hath risen with purpose fell; Strong mail of craft and power He weareth in this hour, On earth is not his fellow. 2 With force of arms we nothing can, Full soon were we down-ridden; But fights for us the proper Man, Whom God Himself hath bidden. Ask ye, Who is this same? Christ Jesus is his name, The Lord Zebaoth's Son, He and no other one Shall conquer in the battle. 3 And were this world all devils o'er, And watching to devour us, We lay it not to heart so sore, Not they can overpower us. And let the Prince of Ill Look grim as e'er he will, He harms us not a whit: For why? His doom is writ, A word shall quickly slay him. 4 God's word, for all their craft and force, One moment will not linger, But spite of Hell, shall have its course, 'Tis written by His finger. And though they take our life, Goods, honour, children, wife, Yet is their profit small; These things shall vanish all, The City of God remaineth. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B27_F3_I1_p093.jpg) Saturday. 18th January. I was in town on Thursday, and saw Mr Biddle about Henry Kline. Then after running busily about town I went home, and found a note from Tom with some vexatious Cornelius matters to see to. Bessie spent Friday with us and I was busy preparing things to go to Tom but in the evening I worked about the Cornelius letter until 1/2 past 10, then went to bed, and tumbled and tossed half the night over it. Today was a very busy one, but I am so tired and sleepy I must put off writing about it till tomorrow. Sunday 19th A rainy day, very bad weather for our poor soldiers! We were at church in the morning, and heard from C. Harmar that Gen. Wool has notified Gen. Huger to let the women and children leave Norfolk. It is supposed to be a diversion to prevent the enemy from reinforcing Weldon, supposed to be menaced by our Burnside Expedition. I wrote to Tom and Papa in the afternoon, and read Olshausen's Commentary on Galatians in the evening. Yesterday I went to town, and read Pat the rough draft of the letter I proposed writing Cornelius. He approving it, I took it to Mr Biddle who had also received one from Cornelius. He asked me to add a message from him to my letter. I then showed him the Commissioner's Bonds sent to Tom to be signed and said that as they rendered him liable for any mis-appro= =priation of money, etc, in the sum of $2000 I thought he ought not to sign them unless backed by the Company. On reading it over we found it to be a Commissionership which could only control the expenditure of taxes already raised, not control the amount of taxes to be raised, and he said that unless it would save the Company more than $2000 at any rate it was not worth while to risk it. This he asked me to write to Mr Hamlin, and to look over the papers Cornelius sent him. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B27_F3_I1_p094.jpg) After this I went to the office to get a list of the lands owned by Tom (E.K.K.) for taxation. H. J. P. G. promised to send it to me last night, but did not do so. Pat talked to me a long time about Tom and his Colonelcy, and about Colonel Biddle, giving me the history of what he did in Washington. He said that the note sent by Tom to Biddle, through Bayard, Biddle had refused to take saying Tom must be crazy, and showing a recent letter of Tom's speaking affectionatly to him. Bayard refused to hear explanations and went away. Tom sent it again, and telegraphed to Pat. Pat says he only urged Tom to withdraw his letter, and send a challenge, that this letter produced on an inquest would be fatal, making Biddle a political victim, and that if he would challenge him all would be right. Tom said if he were to challenge him he would make excuses and creep out of it, that he wanted to shoot him. Pat said if he wanted to humble and mortify Biddle that a humilia= =ting apology was the most killing thing he could do. He could not influence Tom. He went that night across to Biddle's room. He came to meet him, saying "You have received my telegram?" "No!" "Why, here's your answer." It was one from Green saying that Pat had left for Washington by the 11.50 train. Well, Biddle said, he had received a note he couldn't comprehend, and Pat said "Where?" "There, on the table, I haven't opened it." Pat took it said, Is that it? opened it, and threw it on the table saying he had opened it, thereby he says assuming the responsibility of it. Biddle read it. Pat said he watched him for if he had shown offence, he saying this was an insult he would have challenged him. Instead, he said, This is the same with some slight additions that I saw before. I can't take any notice of it. What does it mean?" ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B27_F3_I1_p095.jpg) Now what was it Pat said? I know it is important to remember, and Aunt Ann says she is going to have prayers, and so it is all out of my head. Thursday Jan. 23. Received a telegram from my dear Tom saying that Capt. Mc Neill was yesterday elected Colonel of his regiment by a slight majority. I had a letter from him yesterday telling me that if he had profited by the information given him that his enemies were backbiting him to come forward and address the men directly telling them that he knew of the conspiracy against him, and how basely Biddle and his myrmidons had behaved, that he could have gained many votes. I had prayed him to be silent, and he was so. My darling! May God strengthen and support him! I have written him that I am prouder of his Lieutenant Colonel's straps than I could be of a Major General's gained by retaliating upon the traitors. I do hope he will be guided to do whatever is right, dear fellow! Pat wrote on the back of the telegram to Mother. "Never mind, dear Mother, we will make it all the better for Tom." I cannot expect anything better. If we failed in having him made Colonel, I do not see how a Brigadier= =ship, which is what Pat means, can be obtained. We must try to be contented with this. We? It is only poor Tom upon whom it comes hard. God help him to bear it. Sunday January 26th It was yesterday ten years that Tom and I were engaged. Dear fellow. I hope he has no more regrets than I have! I must copy in here the note he wrote announcing his defeat — which shows that he had gained a greater victory. "Wednesday Evening Jan 22 My dear one: I grieve to fear you may have seen the kind notice ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B27_F3_I1_p096.jpg) in the Press, and hoped. Captain McNeill is elected Colonel of my Regiment! Write all you can, and hopefully believe this trial may bring me to the home we long for. My Saint, and darling, I do think I did not deserve success after my sinful violence against Biddle, my many harsh and cruel epithets against others. All will come right in the end. I say my prayers tonight as I would not have done had I succeeded. Your loving Th. L. K." When Cameron came to see Tom, he said, referring to Biddle's Letter, "Who can wonder that the man who began life by betraying his own cousin in his father's house, should wind up by betraying his country and his friends." Now that Tom has been betrayed there are many to tell us incidents in his life that might have served as a warning to Tom not to trust him. May God help my dear one to do right! Yesterday I was busy with accounts all day, transferring Cornelius', Decker's, and Hafner's accounts to a book, and examining them. I also drew up an account of money spent by us for the Company, which makes them our debtors in the sum of $547. Besides this there is Tom's salary since Aug. 11th 1858. Supposing it to cease the 11th of last May, there is due $2.749. Interest for two and a half years on the first years salary should be $90, $150, and for one and a half on the second, $90, and for use <9> months on the remainder making $43.30 - or $3579.30 to the 10th of February of this year. Of course if Tom's salary is continued, merely deducting Corneli[-] salary, it would be more, amounting indeed to $3992. Pat tells me the Chicago is safe, and will pay a dividend this month, Part of it is E. K. K's $725. I think, but Tom's may be called $3150, so that he has $7142. so he is doing very well. He has some moneys due that will never be paid ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B27_F3_I1_p097.jpg) I guess, and some little he has to pay. But if he can pay these off out of the interest of Chicago, and what he earns, and we can live on his pay, it would be nice. All this supposes him to remain in the U. S. service, and that the Company will pay him. Pat says he has arranged that the mortgage which secures Tom's money and his shall pay interest, that B. Phillips has a government contract now, and will set him free in May. I hope so, I am sure. I wrote to Tom and to Willie today, and to Papa last night. I read the principal part of the day however, as I could not go to church. January 29. Yesterday we settled with Decker. $733 thrown away. I say thrown away, because I do not see the possibility of our return to the mountains to live. But I need not worry about the future. I never before so felt my dependance on God's mercy from day to day. What has He in store for this very day? His hand is heavy upon my dearest Tom. Is he sinking under the weight, is he upheld by God's mercy, or perhaps, is he rejoicing in some new hope? The heavy clouds and driving rain that veil the landscape from us, sadly and constantly remind me of the limits beyond which our human nature cannot go. Here am I, the creature dearest to his heart, tranquilly pursuing my daily round, while perhaps he is torn with anguish, or hesitating between following Christ, or falling into temptation. Oh Eternal, never failing Friend, to whom the darkness is clear as noonday, help him! Uphold him, and guide him. Ah Saviour, intercede for him. I know Thou saidst "Every branch in me that beareth fruit He purgeth that it may bring forth more fruit." Help him to bear thy will patiently, but oh in mercy try him not beyond his strength. Amen. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B27_F3_I1_p098.jpg) January 31st A dispirited letter from Tom yesterday. He has applied for leave of absence but has not received it yet. February 3. Yesterday was one of disappointment, for, learning on Saturday that he had a furlough I was sure he would come to see me. — About noon today came a letter from him asking me if I could come to him in Washington. So I packed up, and as there was a furious snow storm decided to go to town at nightfall, and the next day to Washington. About five o'clock some one came to the door, and when I opened it, it was Tom. He looked very badly, and says that the surgeon says that the facial nerve has been hurt, and that affects him with fearful headaches. But I do not think there ever were six happier people than we last night! I am sure I was thoroughly so! Last night, I say, for I am continuing to write on Tuesday the 4th. We went to Whitby to call. today, but otherwise have been perfectly quiet. Now I am sitting on the bed by Tom who is sleeping. He says that he will go to see Stanton, Mc Clellan and Lincoln, but that it will have no effect except to remind them of him should he have a chance to distinguish him again. But, he says, if he ever does do anything the credit will be taken by his superior officers. At Dranesville he was in command of a Regiment. He has papers showing that one of his captains was a thief, whose lieutenant offered to secure Tom their company's vote, if he were allowed to go home on furlough to try whether he could be cured of a disresputable disease. His cure was uncertain, but he wanted a furlough that he might continue to draw pay instead of resigning at once. He also wanted a promise of indemnity for the captain. —One of Tom's Elk men brought him 50 copies of a poem entitled "Farewell, Bucktail," (I paste one here) He cried so he could scarcely speak. Tom's own men from Cameron Mc Kean & Elk voted unanimously for him, and Tom had to use harsh measures ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B27_F3_I1_p099.jpg) E PLURIBUS UNUM. FAREWELL, BUCKTAIL. By JACOB CREAMER, Co. H, Kane Rifle Reg't. Farewell, Bucktail, thy time is now o'er, The honor has left us, I will wear thee no more; They have taken it from us in our commander's defeat, The honor of the title that to us was so sweet. Farewell, Bucktail, we mourn deeply for thee, But to wear thee now would 'dishonorable be, They have taken him from us, though to us he was dear, And always was with us when danger was near. Farewell, Bucktail, we are still loth to part With a badge that has been a joy to our heart— Farewell forever, we will wear thee no more, By taking him from us our hearts they have tore. Farewell, Bucktail, we will bear our hard fate As bold volunteers from the Keystone State; But the badge from our caps we will tear, And never a Bucktail again will we wear. CAMP PIERPOINT, Jan. 25, 1862. Publisher's Sto[-]m Printing Office, D [---], bet. 6th & 7th [---] ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B27_F3_I1_p101.jpg) to keep them from mutinying. He told us so many interesting things. I wish I could write them down! Sunday February 9th My dear Tom went away on Friday, and now the children have all got the measles. So I am in the clouds again but I have to be thankful for three such happy days. Tom benefited by them in a wonderful degree. I cannot but wonder how I can live along day after day without him when I know what it is to be with him. God bless him, and guide his steps. May He incline the hearts of those in power to give him work to do elsewhere than under McNeill. Or if He see fit to assign his place there still may He grant him strength to perform such trying duty. My dear Tom! How glad we would be if we could be promised to be soon together never again to part on earth! It would be so sweet if we could earn enough to keep house where we could oversee our chil= =dren's education ourselves, and where dear Tom could use his powers without the overstrain on his energies he now has. God's will be done! I have been mercifully and wonderfully provided for, and I know He will always do what is best for us. Heavenly Father, strengthen my husband! Sunday February 16 The children came downstairs today. I thank God for their recovery! Tom has been sick with influenza and neural= =gia ever since he left. His leave of absence is extended for two weeks, and he wants me to spend next week with him. Oh how dearly I should like to go! Poor John has come home, dangerously ill I fear. He has diarrhoea and inflammatory rheumatism both, and looks thin and, for him, pale. Pat is involved in a host of troubles about "Barnet" and the F's. Barnet has run away South I hear. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B27_F3_I1_p102.jpg) Monday February 17th. I found in the McKean Miner of Feb. 11. a copy of Tom's last order which sets Tom in his true light, and I copy it that some day our children may know what manner of man he is. "Camp Pierpont Va. Jan 31. 4 P.M. "My last order as Lieut. Col. commanding this regiment, and "my last request of the men who are attached to me, is that "they will abstain from all demonstrations of discontent or "hesitation to perform with cheerful zeal the duties of the pa= "=triot soldier. I charge them in particular neither to bury "their bucktails, nor to remove them from their caps as they "value my regard. Thomas L. Kane." I was busy all day at the sewing machine. Wrote to Tom, and to John Hafner in the evening. February 21st After a hard week's work I was ready for my trip to Tom. I reached Washington without adventure and missed Tom at the depot. Soon after I had installed myself in his room I heard his dear footsteps in the hall, and next moment was clasped in his arms. He had forgotten his pass in his hurry, been obliged to return for it, and then in the desire of economising had walked through the mud and so missed me. We had a very happy evening. 22d Feb. Wakened by the cannon and bells announcing Washington's birthday. At breakfast heard a great deal of amusing gossip about a concert given at one of the camps last night. So many carriages upset in the mud, and the ladies in their ball dresses obliged to walk as they best might Baker the detective who caught Stone is one of the boarders here a man who looks like Puss in Boots. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B27_F3_I1_p103.jpg) I see that Tom will not obtain what he wants, detail on special service, therefore I must try to strengthen him to go back to his bondage, poor darling. He was asked to be among those invited to the floor of the House today, but declined, not knowing I should be here. Now he is gone to try to obtain tickets for me to see the show, but I am afraid it is too late. March 3rd Monday. Still in Washington, but as usual when I see or hear or feel much I never have leisure to write. Tom has been very busy, and I have been trying to help him by copying. For months he has been thinking out a System of Skirmish Tactics for the Woods, and last Monday he applied to Mc Clellan for leave to lay it before him. He told A A T. Seth Williams that it was unwritten he wished to explain it, and receive per= =mission to drill two or three companies of his own Regiment [----] according to it. — The answer returned — His M. L. should be laid before a Board of Examiners. Then Gen. Casey was requested to examine into it. He is author of the last new Tactics, of course the worst man for Tom. However dear Tom worked faithfully and sent it in last night. He has written out a treatise, or as he calls it, a set of notes, and whenever he can find time I want him to write out the orders and specific directions as the Tactics have them. It is on this ground I fancy that his paper will be rejected as being a set of theories, not a set of directions. The end Tom has had in view is that of being detailed on special duty to carry a small band into the woods, whom he should manoeuvere in this manner. With this end Casey has nothing to do, but will gladly seize a pretext to avoid so formidable an enemy to his tactics as this sketch. For it is admirable, and could Tom have time to fill it out, it would be most useful. I trust he may yet do so! He must not be discouraged by this paper's rejection. I can see the use he may make of the very circum= ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B27_F3_I1_p104.jpg) 96 stance. ~ We have been very happy during my visit, though last Thursday we underwent all the pain of parting for Tom was sent for and the advance ordered. Only Banks' Division moved however. Tom came back, and we are still together for a little while. March 12. Kingsessing. I returned home on Friday (This is Wednesday) I had been delaying from day to day. We knew the parting might come any hour, and must come soon, so we determined I should go then so as not to have the pain of the seeing him go out to battle. I am very thankful for my visit, for the health we both gained, and for the loving counsels my dear husband gave me. I know now that the army has marched, and that I may perhaps never see him again here, yet I still feel hopeful and cheerful. I am so sure of his love, and that he will not forget me till we meet. As to the rest, I am rejoiced by the news this week brings us, that our troops peacefully come into possession of Manassas, Centreville, Leesburg, and the Potomac Batteries. God be thanked that these names that for months have been the dread of foreboding wives and mothers of the North, are now harmless. May the Supreme Ruler grant that if the Flag of the Union be destined again to float over all the land from Maine to Florida it may be over free soil, and may He give our government honour, honesty and wisdom! I ought while it is fresh in my mind to write the history of Tom's tactics up to the date of my leaving Wash= =ington. Tom went on Monday to see Casey who told him he had very little time to spend on it. He read over the first few para= =graphs, wherein Tom laid down certain propositions. His remark was that "certa" some of these are tenable." He dissented altogether from Tom's opinion respecting the formation of the rear rank as lines of reserve, instead of forming the reserve in platoon as at present. He was very stiff and discouraging, yet Tom said he ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B27_F3_I1_p105.jpg) liked him. One of the aids told Tom that he evidently impressed Casey. __ I forget how it happened that Tom returned with the M. I. in his possession, but I know he had it, and worked upon it part of the four days of the week before I went. I remem= =ber this because he read it to Hilgard and to Wright, as he had previously read it to Bache, all of whom praised it. Hilgard and Bache are authorities as to its logical and mathematical correctness. Next time No! Tom left the M. L. that day with Casey, and I don't remember whether he saw him on Tuesday or not. On Wednesday, Casey gave him a little report, to the effect that he dissented in the case I mentioned. "Apart from this the M. I. contains very many ideas of merit, and which would not occur to any one who was not to one well practised in wood craft. In carrying these out the principles of Tactics as developed in the present system need not be violated." Tom then told him very respectfully that the cursory examination he had given the paper did not justify him in pronouncing so summarily upon the matter, and at last he obtained a reluctant consent to his coming again at two o'clock to discuss the matter. He was a long time gone. When he returned he said the old General confessed himself beaten, before his aides-de-camp. Tom wanted him to alter his report, but he would not, saying he would un= =doubtedly be on the Examining Board, that Tom asked too much of him, for it was nothing less than a complete revolution in tactics which he proposed. [However,] And, he added, when I think it over more carefully I may detect some flaw in your reasoning. ~ However he added to the Report a recommenda= =tion that Tom should have two companies of his regiment given him to drill according to his system to test its accuracy. During the warm controversy the old man warmed up far more ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B27_F3_I1_p106.jpg) towards Tom, and paid him several incidental compliments. For instance, at the conclusion of the interview he offered to present Tom with his book. Tom said he had a copy in his pocket, and would attach more value to his autograph. So he wrote his own name in each volume, and then asked for Tom's. "Mr Kane." "No, your military title." "I can lay no claim to a military title, being only a militia man. I prefer my station as Mr Kane of Philadelphia." "Then, Sir, it is your own fault for you have an inborn military genius." — Tom wrote a letter, enclosing Casey's Report, and reiterating his request for a detail of two companies, to Mc Clellan. He meant to send it in the morning I came away, but I have heard nothing about it since. He says it was unlikely that it should be granted, and that it would probably run the usual red-tape course. "Referred to Gen. McCall." He would be vexed at its not being sent through him, and would tell Mc Neill of it who would be incensed at the proposal to take away the real Bucktail, from his command, and there the matter would stick. But the blessing is that dear Tom now has a wholesome subject of thought for his busy brain. May God bless it to him, and make it keep him from noticing camp annoyances. If he is spared to complete his work it may add to his name, fame, and put some pennies in his pocket for the babies. And we built a castle of his becoming Professor of Military Science in some college, the way to which his Tactics should pave. Meantime, where is he? It is a soldier's bed-time. Is he sleeping on the cold ground, or stealing out to see if the sentinels are at their posts? God bless him, wherever he is. Oh that I could repay him one iota of his kindness to me, my dear dear Tom! ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B27_F3_I1_p107.jpg) Thursday 13th March. No news today, and no letter from Tom. When I was in town on Tuesday I had a conversation with Bessie about John and Mabel. John is very bitter against Mr Bayard because while he approves of his going out to Minnesota, he forbids Mabel to go with him, and also says he cannot give her the sum he gave Florence, and that it would be picking Mothers pocket for them to go dependant on her, and he does not think she can afford it either. I told Bessie that I agreed with Mr B. entirely. Bessie said Pat didn't, and if he thought Mother could afford it, he was the only person to be consulted, being Mother's attorney. I said I thought every one of Mother's children ought to be consulted, and that not a word had been said to Tom. Bess then said she had not been consulted, only Mabel had spoken to her having no secrets from her. I said that I knew there was a good deal in the argument that John would soon obtain good practice as an accoucheur if he were married. Still in a new country where there few others to compete with him, and none his equal in reputation and skill, ladies would have him, and I didn't believe the ladies there were extra delicate. (I might have quoted Dr Wister of Germantown by the bye, and Robert Harris.) As to Mabel's trying to be economical and to make the allowance given to John do for both, I knew she would try, but John was in honour bound to take from Mother only what was necessary to support him until he could earn his own living. And when he only received what was necessary for one, of course it could not support two. I said it was cruel kindness to help people to begin married life in dependence. The time never would come when they could dispense more easily with the money for the years brought ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B27_F3_I1_p108.jpg) children and other expenses with them. And I was sure Mother's estate ought not to be taxed with John's own support from the instant he could earn it himself. I said too that it would be cruel to encourage Mabel to try to do all she proposed. Her health was not strong enough, and I asked Bessie if she, whose health now was unusually good, was not conscious how insufficient her strength and spirits were for her own much easier labours. Bessie saw the truth of this, and I concluded by asking how poor Mabel worn out with bodily labour, and away from her friends was to cheer John's evenings, keep him cheerful, deprived of wine and cigars, wearied with his own discouragements, and depressed by seeing her exerting herself in labours beneath her dignity, and beyond her strength. I asked how she was to keep her elastic cheerfulness and gentle ways, with no one to protect her from John's temper. Now that he is sick, his manner and words are as fierce to her as to Mother herself, and although there is the excuse of sickness, her angelic behaviour to him makes it a sad thought that in the years to come when she is worn with toil she may give way and reply back. And what is to become of her when the halo that surrounds one's lady love is not a protection from cruel words. Poor Mabel, and poor John! It is hard for them to be apart, but that is better than to let them marry now. I do not suppose, now that I have told Mother and Bessie what I think, that my advice will be sought, or anything said to Tom, but I think that if either Pat or John should say anything to me I ought to brave my fears of John and say this. But poor boy, one's heart bleeds for him, so sick and sad as he is. And poor Mabel too! ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B27_F3_I1_p109.jpg) Saturday Evening. March 15. All last night and all today we have had a steady rain, and this evening a strong east wind too. I feel very sad to think of our tentless army, and when I pity the men I mean most of all, Tom. God be with them, and soon bring this cruel war to an end! There is no information given about the Army of the Potomac. I saw that McCall's Division were at Hunter's Mills on Tuesday, and in want of provision which had not come in time. Beyond this newspaper scrap I have nothing from Tom since his letter from Washington last Sunday. I would give a great deal to know that he was getting along tolerably with McNeill! Today I have been very busy. I made the baby a dark frock to creep in to celebrate his first successful creeping exploits, instead of shoving himself about. This took up most part of the afternoon, but I minded him while Jane swept the nursery. We overhauled the children's trunk and bureau, and my box of clothes. I heard the children's lessons, wrote to Tom and tried to study a German lesson, but was too often interrupted to accomplish anything. Sunday 16th March. I have cause to be very thankful today. I have two letters from Tom, one dated Washington Monday, the other from camp on Tuesday. He says his letter to McClellan was returned with this endorsement, "Respectfully referred to Gen. Mc Call with instructions to detail four companies of the Kane Rifles to report to Colonel Kane and until further orders to be drilled by Colonel Kane exclusively in the system of tactics devised by him so far as the same is not inconsistent with the official system." So dear Tom goes back with flying colours to his regiment. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B27_F3_I1_p110.jpg) Monday March 17th A nice cheerful letter from dear Tom, written however before the storm broke, for he speaks of being a thoroughly happy man for 20 minutes as he sat in a cedar bough hut enjoying the sweet air and a letter of mine. He says he has chosen the McKean, Elk, Cameron & Chester companies, and that he had not yet commenced drilling as McNeill had ordered a show off drill of the entire regiment and he did not like to cut his comb before the other officers of the Reserve by taking away four of his best companies, leaving him but five. Tom's letter is not dated, but was written I suppose on Wednesday or Thursday. He says they would probably remain to guard the Loudoun and Hampshire RR. till it is repaired. But a letter in The Press says they left Hunter's Mills on Friday evening, marching towards Alexandria, and that they will not be heard from for several days, perhaps weeks. Maybe they are to attack the rebel batteries on the Lower Potomac. God be with my husband! Missouri is freed from the C. S. A. by the evacuation of New Madrid. Tuesday March 18th. Island No 10 is ours, in the Mississippi and New- -bern N. C. From what I hear Tom's division are probably gone to reinforce Burnside. I have been very busy today. I rose at half past five, breakfasted early washed and dressed baby and heard the children's lessons as usual. Jane and Margaret cleaned and whitewashed the garret. I ripped a pair of pantaloons to be washed and altered for Elisha then put baby to sleep, and read my baby bible and commen= =tary, learned a German lesson, and wrote a page of exercise in German writing. I have learnt to write it pretty well, but I can't wr read it when it is written, like David Copperfield with short hand. ~ The rest of the day was entirely occupied ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B27_F3_I1_p111.jpg) with baby, and the sewing machine. Bess sent me out a "little trifle" to do for her of forty five yards of work. I got it done today. If I have any freshness left tomorrow I must do some towels for Mother and some doyleys for Aunt Ann. Then I must begin my own spring sewing. Yesterday I patched Elisha's trousers, went to a planing mill in W. Phila and bought a box in which I packed all Tom's papers and letters that have come in his absence. I also divided and turned down the hems for Bessie's work. Tom speaks in his letter of yesterday of coming back to earn me a home under his own roof. Dear darling, if I can have the shelter of his arm and his dear heart I don't ask for a roof of our own! Thursday 20th March. I could not write yesterday for I sprained my wrist and all I could write was a letter to Tom. I walked to the store in the morning, and received a letter from Tom, which I read in the cars on my way to the little Episcopal church. I shall try to copy it. The effect of my letter, the sweet sunshine and the prayers and sermon "heartened" me amazingly. After church and our early dinner I marked 42 articles in indelible ink, hemmed six towels for Mother and six napkins for Aunt Ann. Then I wrote a long letter to Tom, and went to bed early. Today I made Baby a new sack, minded him all day, and tried to write a German exercise. Aunt Ann and I had a little difference about Harry tonight, and I must carefully think it over to see whether I was altogether right. Poor Harry is very much of an epicure, and I am anxious to cure her lest the amusing trait in a child may wax into a vice in a grown woman. Poor Aunt Ann loves Harry and delights in providing her with the tit bits she ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B27_F3_I1_p112.jpg) so much relishes. Tonight raspberry, and cherry preserves were put on the table. I asked the children which they would have, Harry at first said cherry but when I put some on a plate became undecided and wavered long saying she wanted both. I told her she could not have both, but she might have either, only she must decide quickly. So she said cherry very sulkily, then when it was given her said it was raspberry she wanted, and began fuming and fretting_ behaving very badly indeed. I told her she had a good supper and must eat it in quiet. But poor Aunt Ann interposed here with "Ah honey dear, eat your cherries first, and then you shall have raspberries too." I shook my head negatively to Harry who stamped and cried, pettishly refused her bread and butter and some cream Aunt Ann offered her, but finding I took no notice of her ate up all the preserve. She ate no bread, but as it was unwholesome shortcake I thought she was just as well without it, and that one fast would do her no harm. She recovered her temper by the end of supper, and was very penitently sweet when I put her to bed. Coming down stairs afterwards Aunt Ann said she thought the loss of her supper and the crying did her harm, and that she would never let a child cry when she could help it. She thought I was unnecessarily strict, and should have let her have what she wanted. Now I am disposed on the contrary to make it a rule not to ask Harry what she will have at all, but to help her to what I think fit. I know her preferences well enough not to give her anything she really dislikes. She and Elisha have far too decided opinions on their dietary. Now for Tom's letter: ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B27_F3_I1_p113.jpg) "You came across Judge Kelley's letter telling me the Secretary wanted to see me. I went to the door of the War Department, and was refused admittance like the rest of the crowd because my business was not a "military operation" __ went the next day and sent up my card and was admitted but only to an outer room where were many other people, beggars for office and all kinds. In half an hour the Secretary went out to a Cabinet meeting and then I discovered that my card had not been taken in to the Secretary, and was still in a Messenger's hands. In the good old days of "The Party" when the Republic was going to ruin in such a manly and gen= =tlemanly way, I used to see whomsoever I pleased wanted when and where I pleased, and those I did want to see I had my own opinion were more of the quality than the new place men of the Revolution that now own Washington. Perhaps it was a remembrance of this_ perhaps it was bashful pride and a dislike to kick my shins in an antechamber among a crowd of suitors for favors. _ But I called up the Asst Secy of War and bade him rebuke the messenger for misconduct_ saying among other things that I came by request of the Secy and that therefore such conduct was exceedingly improper. I would call again at any hour named; but I thought it was due to me that it should be considered an appointment. I named Three o'clock as the hour I wd return _ went back to Dame Nis= =bet's hiding place, and at 3. sent up my name again. This time I was admitted, sure enough. He faced me. "Colonel Kane." Colonel Kane bows. "Colonel Kane you called to see me at my request. Colonel Kane you were kept waiting some time. The rules of the De= =partment to expedite the transaction of business make it necessary to enforce such rules. You however were perhaps right in com= =plaining of them. Sir, Colonel Kane, I apologise to you. You ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B27_F3_I1_p114.jpg) understand, I make you my humble apology for having sent for you and kept you waiting. Lt Colonel Kane. _ Pray Sir, do not mention it_ Secy Stanton (interrupting) Now Sir I have apologised to you I regret my business engagements are of such a nature character as to put it beyond my power to see you again. Good afternoon, Sir." _ Can't you make a picture for yourself of the Half Pay Officer come to grief_ the subaltern of Webb's reprimanded by his Grace of Marlborough_ of your unlucky husband saying to himself this truly is the last arrow from the quiver of outrageous Fortune. Fortunately, I was quite myself, and being treated as I thought so badly, thought only of my own self respect, and what I owed my= =self, and brought things to a point pretty summarily. It turned out that a functionary had reported me as having demanded to know by what Right the Secy had to keep the public out, and treat an officer he had asked to see in such a manner." This was a false= =hood; and was repeated to my face by the offending party_ to the momentary disturbance of the nerves of those present_ But I avoid repeating what I said and did_ as in the end I had an apology made me of a kind too handsome for me not to accept and show my acceptance of it by honorable silence. Such however was my Introduction to Secretary Stan= =ton. That of a poor gentleman of broken fortunes who saw him= =self the best ruined man of his shire, and yet was fain to defend the honor of the same poor gentleman as if it were as dear to him as his king's. Our altercation and its arrangement took up more than all the time the Secretary had to give and he made me another appoint -ment for another day at a fixed hour_ giving me the enclosed card which I used in my subsequent visits to the Dept. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B27_F3_I1_p115.jpg) What a change! Mr Stanton immediately took me by the hand, and holding it as he led me along, conducted me into the East Room, where we could be undisturbed, and in half a dozen clean cut sentences broke at once into his subject. A marvelous clear headed man of business he is, and knows how to make his sentences ring to the heart as well as the ear. He told me he had a piece of work to do_ that required the right man to do it. He had been confident the man who could do it would turn up at the right time, and so it was. He now saw me! _ He had inquired for such a one and many had been named to him. The character of these had by others been questioned; but all agreed upon me. Col. Kane, said he, you may thank your enemies thus far. Several have accused you of rashness: no one has affected to doubt your bravery. I have sent for you as the officer upon whose gallant and chivalrous spirit I could most freely call and surely rely to render the country an exceedingly perilous but most important service. Heigho! 'Conclusion in our next,' is as far as I will be able to go probably with this story" Before the place where my quotation begins Tom mentioned the service required, to storm the most formidable of the Potomac Batteries. Saturday March 22. A letter from Tom today, still at Alexandria on the 20th. He writes in good spirits, desiring enjoying drilling his four companies on his own system. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B27_F3_I1_p116.jpg) Friday March 28th. I found when I went to town on Monday that poor Bessie was sick from over exertion, so I returned on Tues= =day and stayed till last night when she seemed to be doing so well that I concluded I might safely leave her. If the weather permits I am to return tomorrow to be present while the doctor makes an examination to satisfy himself whether she may safely go to her full time. Her age, heart complaint, and crooked spine are much against her, and he told me he would give a hundred dollars if the confinement were over. When I returned to Bessie's room, and saw her lying there so patiently so anxious to obey directions implicitly lest she should risk her coming baby's life I could scarcely help blubbering as I read aloud. There is heavy gloom over all our family, John is very weak, and they are puzzled by a local pain which makes them I believe fear consumption of the bowels. He and Ma= =bel's only hope is to be married and go away, and we have no money for them to go upon. Mother is constantly suffering in body, but suffers more in mind from what afflicts us all_ the shadow of the worst of misfortunes_ disgrace. Poor Pat, knowing most, suffers most. At his request I went with him to see his or rather Tom's counsel, Constant Guilloû. Pat wished, as he expressed it "not to have a fire in his rear." It seems that Margaret Fox the Spirit Rapper claims to be Elisha's widow, and is going to publish his letters to her. Last summer she applied to the Orphans' Court to oblige Tom to file his account as Executor. Without entering into the question of her rights Mr Guilloû claimed that Tom's absence at the war precluded him from answering, in accordance with a late law. The question was decided against us, but at the same time the Judge intimated that Mr Guilloû should be protected, ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B27_F3_I1_p117.jpg) and ample time given. Mr G. says probably till next fall. Failing to succeed as yet, the Fox people prepare to publish these letters. They have them all stereotyped by Rudd & Carleton. Mr Guilloû applies for an injunction to restrain them in Tom's name as Executor, on the ground that as Executor they letters belong to him. The Supreme Court decide that Tom's presence is necessary to make the application, and as he cannot be present, refuse to grant the injunction. The book once published, these people will have funds to prosecute the other suit. If they can es= =tablish a marriage, of course half of what Elisha left goes to this woman. Ruin to Mother's estate, and shame and scandal upon our honored name this means. I believe she claims that she married Elisha just before he sailed for England and that she would have been content to bear her maiden name, and die constant to his memory satisfied that she had his love, but that her friends convinced her that her honour required her acknowledgment, as his wife, and that to vindicate her honour these letters should be printed! Mr Guilloû says the letters will undoubtedly be altered and strengthened. We do not know their contents, but Pat and he implied their belief that they would be fulsome passion letters_ I cannot say love in connection with this creature_ He tells me that 2 he cannot find out who the witnesses to the marriage are 1 supposed are, in order to trace out their character but he tells me that saying before witnesses "I have chosen you for my wife" or "We have been one these two weeks" or such phrases, constitutes a lawful marriage, and they think (I think they think that is) that it is ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B27_F3_I1_p118.jpg) extremely probable that Elisha was bewitched into some such weak folly. The case will probably go to a jury who of course will be well filled with accounts of the proud Kanes who won't acknowledge the pretty widow in her deep weeds, etc, etc, Elisha in making his will left $5000 to Pat to be used by him at his discretion. He feared some trouble and wished Pat in case the girl fell into bad hands to use it either to buy letters or whatever was necessary. Pat has offered them $5000. for the book, and the interest of $5000 to be invested in New York for her life. They will abandon her claim. They will take this sum if it is secured by mortgage. Pat will give his personal security but not the mortgage. Now Pat intends to put himself in for this sum. He says the Estate has no funds at all. His father-in-law will lend it to him. But personally he has nothing. B. Phillips has swindled him out of all his savings. The money he lent him of Tom's is secured, he says. This is over $3000. Then the Company owe him between $3 & 4000. I cannot help thinking that Tom ought to know these facts. This money is all we have. Tom must keep some, because by May he will owe about six hundred dollars. He may be killed in battle but if he returns it will be as a poor man without occupation. My father has already lost $12.800 this last year by the war, and will give us nothing while he lives. God spare him long, dear fellow! Mother has only a trifle now. Is it right to hazard all, nay to give away all we have, to avert this shame? On the other hand, if she proves her claim, she can shame us by this book, and at the same time render us quite as poor. And, I only learned yesterday, she had a ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B27_F3_I1_p119.jpg) child. It has much altered the case to me. Whether he legally acknowledged her as his wife or not, he sold his birth right for this mess of pottage. His union with her was a sin, or a folly. If he chose to buy her body, and this child is proof that he did, he knew the price would be heavy. He is dead, thank God, and pardoned, I hope, but we know he would now pay any price to be rid of her. Now she demands her price. We are the children of the man to whom he left his money, and though we cannot be said to own much of it, yet ought we not to do what he would have prayed us to do. And should we not try to save Mother a heart break? If Tom had the money I know he would save Elisha at any cost, if he did not fear for me and the children. Tuesday April 1st. Mother had such a bad cold that instead of returning home on Saturday as I hoped, I found that I ought to remain with her so as to spend my nights with her, my days with John and Bess. The last is well, the two others better. I learn from Pat that Weir says it is entirely out of the question for John to marry now for medical reasons. I told Pat that I thought Tom ought to be informed about the true state of the F. case; that he would certainly wish to share the expense of buying her off. Pat refused and gave very good reasons. And after all he is much better able to do it than Tom, though if the estate ever can, it ought to reimburse him. * My last from Tom is dated the 25th still at Alexandria. I hope to find time to copy some very interesting pages of diary he sent me. God bless him! * Pat has made a new offer $2000 down for the book, and the interest of $8000 during her life. He has no answer yet. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B27_F3_I1_p120.jpg) Sunday April 6th. Evan's birthday. Tom wrote April 2d still at Alexandria. McDowell is now assigned to the "Department of the Rappahannock," including the country east of the Blue Ridge, and West of the Potomac and, the Fredericksburg and Richmond Railroad." Tom therefore will not be sent via Fortress Monroe. The doctors held a consultation and decided that John had no organic disease, nothing to impede his recovery but low spirits. Con= =sequently he is wild with glee. April 9. Heavy snow yesterday. No news of Tom. April 10th. Waking up this morning found a furious snow storm raging, which cleared off about ten A.M. The children and Aunt Ann went sleigh riding. I pitied the poor little blue birds and robins who were gathered on a little bush that had berries still upon it. But think of the suffering of our poor soldiers and of the dreadful battles of this week. God have mercy upon all the widows! Island No 10. is ours, so is the battle field at Pittsburg Landing, but at what a cost of life! And now we must look for a battle at Yorktown! I believe Tom is not in the immediate vicinity of any enemy, indeed I fancy Mc Call's drunke[-]ness will make them loth to employ him on dan= =gerous service. I have been very busy sewing. I made in six days, three shirts for Elisha, a pair of pantaloons, and a short cloak of the new fashion for Harry. I remembered a little old circle of Nelly's which I washed and turned it, and bought a pattern, and with some trimming I had by me, made as pretty a little thing as if it had cost $3.25 the price they sell at instead of about 50cts. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B27_F3_I1_p121.jpg) April 17th. Thursday. Last Thursday Uncle Constable died, and was buried on Saturday. Mother, Pat, Bessie, and I were at the funeral. Aunt Alida abused Mother as usual in private and was sweet in public. I went to see her today and spent an hour with her at the time Mr Constable died. She behaved perfectly well. On Saturday night Helen Robins was taken very ill, and is still in danger. May God spare her to her poor children! I had a letter from dear Tom at Manassas on the 11th, and today a note dated the 14th. He says he sees no signs of moving, but a notice in today's paper informs me that the Pennsylvania Reserves were to be trans= =ferred to active service. ~ Tom was marched through that tremendous storm. May 7th Washington! May 8th. Just the opposite difficulty from my ordinary home one. There I have nothing to do, Here I am chafing because I can do nothing. It occurred to me that I could help Tom possibly, by coming on here and trying to obtain an interview with Stanton, and ascertaining where his promised Brigadiership has stuck fast. Mother, Aunt Ann and Pat seemed to think it a good notion, so I came on here yesterday, writing to Dr Elder to meet me in the evening. Disappointment No 1. was to sit up till ten o'clock in vain. Disappointment No 2. I fear will be missing him this morning too. I have written him a note begging him to call, but fear the bearer will not wait for an answer, and that I shall remain for hours in uncertainty. I left Harry and Evan threatened with whooping cough, and Elisha sick too. It is hard to be away from them, doing nothing! ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B27_F3_I1_p122.jpg) Tom is, I presume, at Fredericksburg. He has been very sick with ague from exposure on 8th April, but writes that he is better now. ~ John has decided to practise medicine in Wilmington. ~ Mr Shields has been sick with intermittent and came on as far as Baltimore with me. His intention is to spend a couple of days here, returning each night to Baltimore. If Dr Elder can't be got hold of I must try to make use of Mr Shields, though that seems hardly fair when he has come here to enjoy himself, poor fellow. Friday May 9th. Dr Elder did come, and Mr Shields too. I saw Cowan in the antechamber of the Senate, and he promised to see Stanton this morning. He could then tell whether it would be best to take me to see him or not. He says Stanton has such a crabbed temper that perhaps my pressing the matter again upon him might make him throw Tom over altogether. A young friend of Cowan's had been ill-treated and Cowan Stanton promised to see justice done him. But he took no further steps, and at last Cowan remonstrated. Stanton acknowledged his promise but said he would do nothing because the young man followed him up. I shall know our fate in about an hour. May God watch over my darling's fortunes, and enable me to be contented with whatever He wills. Oh that He would see fit to grant me the great happiness of being instrumental in procuring Tom his Generalship! I was the instrument in defeating his plans in December. How happy it would make me to help him now! But, Lord, thy will be done. Amen! I spent a very pleasant day yesterday in spite of my anxieties, taking Mr Shields sight seeing. Dr Elder I ought rather to say took us both. We went through ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B27_F3_I1_p123.jpg) the Treasury Department, and the show part of the White House. Then we looked at the Post and Patent Offices, and after seeing Cowan, we went over the Capitol and listened awhile to the debates in both Houses. After dinner Mr Shields went away. I stayed in the parlour and scraped acquaintance with a New York lady, and after tea Dr Elder came to see me again so that ten o'clock did not seem so far off, Ah me! I can't write, my heart flutters so. God guide and bless me! Saturday May 10th I waited in much anxiety till six in the evening and then learned that Cowan had been summoned to his wife's sick bed, and that was the reason I waited in vain. So then I made Dr Elder take me to call on W.D. Kelley who informs me that all the Cabinet are at Fortress Monroe He says that the matter was in his hands, but Tom told him two months ago that it was all settled, all arranged, so he had not seen Stanton again about it. Now he says he will make it his business to attend to it as soon as Stanton returns. The President has promised his signature, and Cowan says there will be no difficulty in the Senate. (Stanton even arranged the regiments in Tom's Brigade with him.) I heard from Dr E. who heard from Chase that there had been so much fear for of the Merri= =mac that a number of canal boats were sunk across the Potomac above Aquia Creek to trap her by catching her keel. The ordinary steamboats float over them, but she draws more water. They say Stanton would rather appoint an enemy than a nominee of McClellan's. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B27_F3_I1_p124.jpg) Sunday June 10 <8> th. I was away for two weeks in New York, and am much benefited by the trip. But the good I gained I shall soon lose if I am much longer kept in suspense about Tom. Last Sunday he and his men performing a wonderful march, 23 miles a day for 8 days joined Bayard in the pursuit of the rebel Jackson. They went off at double quick, keeping up with the cavalry. I know no more of them. _ He had been very sick with ague, and scur= =vy, and wrote for various things essential to his recovery, and we cannot send them. Adams' Express is not running to Fredericksburg, and even if it were we don't know now where dear Tom is. I cannot rest, I am so anxious. All the battles show such terrible lists of wounded and dead of= =ficers, and my darling is so careless of himself. Besides he was sick already. What will this exposure do to him! I know that nothing but God's mercy can keep him for me. I ask myself if I ought not to resign him to God trusting that He will do what is best for his real happiness. But I haven't courage. I fear God would take him home, and I am too selfish to be willing to let him go. I feel as if it would be more than I could bear to be left alone to bring up our children. Then I try to realise all that Tom will have to bear of poverty and hardship, and all he might have to bear if he returns without a leg or an arm, or with his constitution, nerves and temper destroyed, and I say, Ought I to ask God to keep him here in spite of such trouble? But I cannot help it. I thought I could be content with knowing he would be waiting for me at our journey's end, but no, I would like to keep him all my days, if he lay on my bed only a maimed half-dead creature that I might tend his dear body. If God does spare him to me, to return in health, is it possible ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B27_F3_I1_p125.jpg) that I can grow so accustomed to his precious presence as to have leisure to grumble about things I have not? Friday June 14th 1862. A week ago this evening my darling was wounded. And now I do not even know whether he is living or dead. That evening Colonel Wyndham was ordered to make a reconnoissance beyond Harrisonburg. He went three miles further than he should have done and fell into an ambuscade. General Bayard went to his assistance, with the 8th Virginia, and 1st Penna cavalry and 150 of the Kane Rifles. The Bucktails were surrounded by four regiments and after fighting desperately and losing more than half their number, fell back leaving Tom dangerously wounded, in the enemy's hands. ~ The news reached Pat at half past eleven Monday night. R. Patterson came out for me in the morning, and I insisted upon going with Pat and John. My hope was that I should be passed through the confederate lines to nurse him. We got as far as this place, Winchester, yesterday morning. Banks had just heard of Shields' defeat, and would not consent to my going on. Pat and John went on with a military escort, hoping still either to arrange for his exchange, or _ to obtain his body. So it possible I can live here and write such words. I am afraid to be at home to realise it. Yesterday I walked up and down my room till I was too weary not to sleep. Today I have been trying to read to stu= =pefy my wretchedness. I cannot help hoping still, I dare not think, I dare not give myself the assurances that if he is gone he is happier than here because I know he would not want to go to heaven yet to leave his poor little wife and helpless babies. I can't believe yet that God means to fill my cup so full of misery. I dare not trust myself to think of Tom my one love. God be merciful to me and spare him, or else take me too. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B27_F3_I1_p126.jpg) Sunday June 16. This morning I rose and prayed for strength for another day of wearying suspense. I prayed God to do with Tom whatever He saw fit, for I was now resigned to say Thy will be done. Then I sat down to my reading, and in a little while Pat and John came in. Thank God, they say Tom is alive! He was certainly wounded by a buckshot in the leg, some say also in the thigh and breast. But they have good surgeons and he is kindly treated, and an officer who saw him reports him in good spirits. Fremont says his best efforts will not be wanting to obtain his release, but that we had better obtain an order for his exchange from Stanton. Jackson will not receive a flag of truce as he says Shields refused to ac= =cept one from him. But he has charged himself, Fremont has I mean, with sending Tom his valise and the money we brought. Fremont speaks in the highest terms of Tom and his men. I hope he will do so in his report since my darling lives to be gratified by it. Poor Pat was hurt yesterday, dragged out of an ambulance by a horse whose bridle he was holding upon a pile of stones. John's sickness has returned too. May God make them well and help me to be grateful to them for their unselfishness. And oh God, since he is alive, I pray Thee to restore him to me, my own own love. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B27_F3_I1_p127.jpg) Sunday June 22. As I wrote the preceding words I heard the rattle of the ambulance. We all packed in, and drove off, with two officers escorting us. It was late when we reached Harper's Ferry, and ~ oh I can't write it all down. At Baltimore on Monday afternoon we learned that Tom was already at home, released on parole. He has been doing very well though he is sick. The ball was taken out on Thursday. It is flattened from the blow against his shinbone, and came from Ashby's pistol! ~ He is bent on returning to fight in the Richmond battle, and Stanton promises to get him a speedy exchange, and a Brigadiership. Sunday June 29. Since I wrote Tom has had a good deal of fever, and a great deal of pain. But the last two days have been marked by a signal improvement. The wound has begun to heal by granulation from below, and the surrounding in= =flammation has subsided. He is anxious to be removed to Aunt Ann's from Aunt Patterson's where we now are, and we pro= =pose leaving here tomorrow. Papa writes me word that he thinks I ought to write a full account of all I heard, saw, and did, and as much as Tom can tell me of his per= =formances. So I will begin at any rate. I said that R. Patterson came out for me. He told me that if I felt it my duty, I ought to go in spite of dissuasion, which was a great support, for Pat strenuously opposed my going. I insisted however, and we left in the 11.35 A.M. train, meeting John at Wilmington. Nothing could have been kinder than they both were. I was very glad to be quiet at Baltimore instead of going further that night for I felt so wretched, and so sick. After our dinner John and I went out to buy things for Tom, and brandy flask ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B27_F3_I1_p128.jpg) shirts & cravats for Pat and himself. I have but a vague im= =pression of that day for a merciful headache dulled my feelings. Pat went to see Mr Prescott Smith of the Balts & Ohio RR. who insisted upon our taking a special car, and gave us letters of introduction, and a circular to all agents of the road to facilitate our journey as much as possible. He said their road owed more to Tom's bravery last summer than they could ever repay, and that this was only a mark of their sense of gratitude. We accordingly left Baltimore in a special car on Wednesday morning. Mr Smith went with us, and told us he felt confident that Tom was not only alive, but not very dan= =gerously wounded, from the wording of the telegrams. He also pointed out the beautiful scenery of the road, and I could not help looking out at it, thinking how pleased Tom would be to have me see the places where he was last sum= =mer. Then it would come across me with a pang that probably he and I would never talk together in this world, but again a rock, or wave of the river, a flower by the roadside, a lovely view, or a flying bird would send my thoughts to something He said in connection with the theme. Lover of nature as he is, he has drawn my sluggish attention to so many beauties of God's world, that now I cannot pass them unnoticed. My memory was painfully acute, and brought up a thousand happy talks, and times when my dear tired lover brought me back this or that flower or leaf from each ride, or weary journey. The boys smoked and I was again thankful for the headache smoking always gives, dulling my senses with the pain. Past Point of Rocks where Pat showed me the place where Tom and he met, we rushed on along the beautiful Potomac to Harper's Ferry. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B27_F3_I1_p129.jpg) Here the recent flood had washed away the bridge, and we crossed by a rope ferry on a wooden scow. We here met a number of Confederate prisoners, and the crowds of soldiers and the few women travellers made us feel that we were at the Seat of War. — Two hours more, this time in a filthy car stained with dirt and carelessness brought us to Martinsburg. What a vile animal Man is where the restraint of Woman's presence is away! I could not have endured the sights of this journey if I had been travelling for pleasure. As it was I passively accepted each new disgust as a hardening blow in preparation for the trying time I expected when handed over to the Confederates if I were fortunate enough to be allowed to go to my darling. – Martinsburg, from my point of view is a dreary enough place. The train stopped in front of a brick tavern where we had the usual hurried railroad dinner, and then Pat and John went off to procure a conveyance leaving me in the little inn parlor at the back of the house. There was a quagmire of mud, and lumps of clay for a street beyond which was a rising ground where about a dozen baggage wagons were placed. Every now and then one would come lumbering along the road, or a mounted soldier would trot by. Two hours and a half elapsed before the united efforts of the Kanes, the B. & O. RR. agent at Martinsburg and the Provost Marshal obtained us a miserable little wagon with two worn out horses that could scarcely crawl and a sulky driver. We dragged along about nine miles before finally halting for the night at a place called Bunker's Hill, a little off the high road. We had passed three taverns. The first was so unprepossessing and the number of soldiers lounging on the porch so large that we decided to push on to the next. Night fell before ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B27_F3_I1_p130.jpg) we reached it. No lights twinkled in the windows, and after rattling for some time a surly proprietor put his head out, said he "kept no tavern, and wouldn't take nobody in at no price." His sign was still swinging in the wind. The driver said he was a secessionist. The third tavern was full, but its keeper accompanied us to a shoemaker's, where we had a nice clean supper, and I had a room so like our front attic at Upland that when the birds woke me at early dawn I turned to rouse Tom. It made it a sore wakening. A clean breakfast over we were on the road again by six, passing a regiment on their way to Strasburg. The break= =fast call was sounding, privates were squatting round their fires, and a couple of contrabands stood with an air of grandeur beside some boards on tressels decked with a grand array of the tins of some officers' mess. _ It was strange to see so little devastation done along the road when one remembered that two hostile armies had passed and re= =passed within so short a time. As we drew near Win= =chester the road grew better, the fences worse, and dead horses more frequent. Then we saw a light on the horizon and heavy smoke. It proved to be a feed store and row of buildings in Winchester burned down by our soldiers in return for the death of a comrade shot by a citizen guarding the store which the soldier was forcibly entering to carry off feed for his horse. Entering Winchester we found the Main Street choked up with wagons, and the pavement filled with troops ready for marching. They were going to Strasburg to reinforce Shields. Turning into a shady quiet street we stopped before a pretty house, Banks' Head Quarters. Here the boys went in but left me outside, a long weary hour of sus= =pense for it was here we expected to hear news of Tom. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B27_F3_I1_p131.jpg) I thought that if the news was bad they would have come out before this. At last they came, but only on their way to another house, and passed me without speaking. Yes, the news is bad, I thought. Then came a gentleman who asked, "Are you the lady who is going to Fremont's Head Quarters?" He is alive then, I rejoiced to think. At last they came, and re-entered the wagon, only to say they had no news of Tom, that Fremont had fallen back to Newmarket, that Shields had been badly whipped by Jackson over at Strasburg or near there, and that Banks feared he could not hold Winchester. In the event of his falling back he did not think I would be safe in the tavern, but he sent a letter introducing me to a Union lady Mrs James Meredith of Braddock Street. The road beyond Winchester he considered unsafe and I must stay behind. Pat and John were to go on, carrying despatches to Fremont, and with an armed escort. So they left me at Mrs Meredith's, where I succeeded in restraining my tears till I was safe in my room. In the evening a note came from Pat saying he had seen a German Jew who saw Tom lifted into an ambulance the day after the fight, and that he seemed well and in good spirits. ~ The Merediths were very kind, and I tried to talk and be as cheerful as I could at meals and in the evenings which I passed with them. During the long long weary day, I read the "Service for the Sick" in the prayer-book, and then sewed and darned, having purposely brought sewing as a sedative. Then I wrote a few letters, and read a few Magazines they had, though I couldn't keep the thread of my reading, and the rest of the days I passed walking up and down, crying and praying, and crying again. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B27_F3_I1_p132.jpg) While I was there there was a panic about Jackson's return. The negroes who had not run away before said they would run when he reached Strasburg, and many of the whites decided on doing so too. Some left on Saturday morning, so confident were they that Jackson would redeem his promise of entering Winchester on Monday. The Adams Express Company would not undertake to transmit freight. The stores were well supplied with empty shelves. Tea was $4. per lb, best brown sugar 30c, ladies boots $4.50 and so on. The market house was used as a stable, and the country farmers coming in had their produce bought by our soldiers so that it was hard for citizens to obtain anything. I saw miserable strawberries sold as a favor at 25c a pint. In Baltimore they were a drug in the market selling at 1c a quart to empty the boxes. Here the very highest priced green tea is $1.25, brown sugar 9c ladies boots $2.50, at the French boot makers. ~ The soldiers made no disturbance in the town so far as I saw. Mrs Dandridge and others whose husbands and fathers were in the Rebel Army sat on the piazzas and steps of their houses enjoying the evening breeze, and chatting with their friends as cheerfully as if their own troops held the town. On Sunday morning Pat and John came with an ambulance, and two officers who were carrying despatches, who also escorted us. We passed through Berryville and Charlestown along a road leading through exquisite country. There was some alarm felt about guerillas, and a wagon train we overtook was escorted by a whole regiment, so anxious were they to ensure Fremont's supplies. At night we reached Harper's Ferry where the boys slept on the floor, and I had a miserably dirty room to myself. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B27_F3_I1_p133.jpg) So much for my journey. If I could write down Tom's! Marvin (Barrett's) August 5th 1862. Tom's leave of absence arrived just as he was starting for Washington two weeks ago. It is to expire on the 10th of this month. He applied for a longer leave but we fear it will not arrive soon enough for him to avail himself of it. Tom telegraphed to me to join him at Harris= =burg, and we came up here together. He was enthusiastically greeted at Lock Haven where they made him address a meeting They had 500 men to meet the train at Williamsport by which he was expected to arrive, but not feeling equal to the exertion of addressing them we turned aside and travelled up the West Branch, up Sinnemahoning and Driftwood to Shippen in Mr P. M. Price's carriage. Greenwood August 12th. Our sweet holiday is over. Tom went away on Sunday night and I have returned to my usual daily round of duties. Little Evan gives me cause for great anxiety. He does not attempt to walk or play, any longer and is thin and pale and languid. He is punier than when I went away, and has diarrhoea these last two days. I trust my poor wee darling will be better again! Tom has not written yet and so I do not yet know if he is exchanged or not. My duties here seem very sweet if I could but have him safe! — The news of Tom's exchange reached me during church time Aug 178th August 21. I haven't the courage to bear dear Tom's absence this time as I did before. I cannot help fits of weeping over the traces of his presence. Dear Evan has been very sick, and although he is better now, I have great fear of the remainder of the warm weather. But if I fear for him how much greater my anxiety for Tom, who seems more estimable every day I have him. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B27_F3_I1_p134.jpg) Stanton promised him a Brigadiership as soon as he was exchanged, but this honour has been conferred upon Corcoran and Wilcox who were exchanged at the same time, and Tom has gone back to his command, still only Lieut. Col. while Wistar the captain whom Tom slapped with his sword to turn him back as he ran away at Dranesville, is made Colonel of one of the new regiments. I have sometimes a fancy, in spite of my previous failure, that I could effect something if I went to Washington, but want courage and energy to go. Maybe God does not intend my darling to have any distinction in war. I thank Him that he distinguished himself for his Peace in Utah! But it is hard to think of him suffering down there! We have so few days here on earth: would that we might spend them together! Aunt Alida turned Mother out of the house on Monday in a fit of drunken fury. Sunday August 24. I had a note on Friday from Tom dated the 20th. He says the Asst. Secretary told him he was not to have his Brigadiership "at least not yet." He wanted Pat to get him appointed Colonel of a new Regiment to consist of his own com= =panies and some of the new companies from the Wild Cat District. Mr Field says it can't be done, the new companies are only for nine months. And he thinks I could do no good by going to Washington. Tom says he and his men are still with McDowell, but that he cannot engage to keep them as Reynolds has applied again for them. He says it will cost him much in health feeling and dignity to return to the Regiment, and is most anxious to escape such a trial. Poor darling, I fear it cannot be avoided. Curtin dislikes him and won't help him if he can prevent it. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B27_F3_I1_p135.jpg) Little Evan is better, thank God! I am worried to know what to do with my goods and chattels in the mountains as John Hafner notifies me he cannot keep house if he is drafted. A worse trouble is to know how to manage Harry whose temper is getting very bad. She is so "contrairy" that I am really entirely at a loss to know what to do. She storms about nothing, insists that you say what you have not said, and frightens me lest she become like Aunt Alida in look character as well as in looks. Poor pet, may God help me to bring her up rightly. She is at the same time anxious to be good, and ready to go into hysterics of penitence. But it is very seldom the "godly sorrow that worketh repentance." When I can get her to do a little piece of work the glow that the feeling of usefulness produces makes her far more amenable to discipline. Perhaps when she gets to reading to amuse herself she may be less unhappy for it is want of mental occupation very often that produces a fit of ill temper. 26th Harry behaved sweetly today, a day which has been a cruelly exciting one to me. The report was yesterday that Pope was still falling back. Today Bessie and her baby were to come quietly to spend the day, and her husband was to bring them back in the after= =noon. But Cousin M. Gray and the usual "Dr and Henrietta" came too, and I had to entertain them while my heart was aching about dear Tom. Last Friday night the rebels who were attacking Pope at various points, made a dash on an immense train 15 miles long of ours, and then another regiment of theirs made an excursion up the Orange RR. captured Tom's pickets 15 in number, and surrounded him and 125 men of his. There was a fearful thunder storm, and during the rain and pitchy darkness Tom contrived to get ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B27_F3_I1_p136.jpg) his men off one by one, and lastly slipped away himself. He then got sixty of his own men collected and with Col. Myers of Pope's staff charged down upon the enemy and drove them off with a loss of 40 on their side, and five on ours. They did not return that night, and it was to the bravery of these two officers the paper says that the only check the rebels received that night was owing. But the newspaper correspondents are sent away and the officers are forbidden to write, and the newspapers are not allowed to print lists of killed and wounded. This account is from the pen of a newspaper correspondent who was taken prisoner, but made his escape and has written from Washington. I humbly thank God for preserving my darling's life then, and enabling him to be so brave. And oh may He still watch over him, my own dear dear Tom! Sunday August 31. Baby grew worse the day Bessie was here. He is very sick. I should be most miserable about him, if I were not even more so about Tom. Our army has been constantly repulsed, so that the enemy have actually held Manassas again. In yesterday's paper it was announced that the tide had turned again in our favour. McDowell's Corps was engaged. Today the report is of continued fighting through Friday. No details are given, and my darling may be wounded or dead for aught I know. I sometimes wonder whether I really have more troubles than most people, or whether it is not just a despondent frame of mind. I had a letter on Friday from A.G.C. Saxton dated Washington August 26th assuring me of Tom's welfare after "the surprise of our camp August 22d by Robertson's Rebel Cavalry. The charge was made at a time when least expected, and in consequence found all our men only partially prepared. They scattered with the loss of a man or two & rallied again under Col. Kane later in the night, and charged the enemy ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B27_F3_I1_p137.jpg) while in the act of burning and robbing the wagons of the staff train. At their approach and volley the enemy abandoned the wagons and fled left much of the property undestroyed. Colonel Kane desired me to state to you that his loss in killed was one, I think four or five wounded, while the reports some 60 members of his Regiment missing, some if not all of whom are taken prisoners, and will be continually escaping as chance may offer_ indeed some have come in since my interview with Col. K_ if my own men's word can be trusted. Col. Kane appeared in good health and spirits and does not seem to be greatly inconvenienced by his former wounds." After reading a garbled account of this in the Press, it occurred to me to write Horace Greeley a letter about Tom's doings since he enlisted. I told him not to answer it but to let the Tribune speak of Tom as he deserved when his actions were in the papers, and that he himself should speak a good word for Tom at Washington if he had the opportunity. I received an answer the very next day speaking so warmly of Tom, and saying that he feared he had little power but he would certainly try. His position rendered it im= =possible to ask favors of the administration, but he could perhaps prompt them to an act of justice. In the meantime he would just see what he could do with Governor Curtin whom he thought, would be glad to oblige him. I hope my anxiety to help Tom has done him no harm. Sept 2. I have been almost frantic since I wrote. Our troops seem to have been utterly defeated, and I could obtain no news whatever about Tom. Baby too seems so wan a poor little fading flower, that I have grieved myself sick. Today however I have a note from a Major Brown ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B27_F3_I1_p138.jpg) who saw Tom on the 30th guarding McDowell's wagons. Then he thought there seemed no prospect of his being involved in a fight. Better than this still is a dried flower and the date 31 August in my darling's writing which came in another envelope. Thank God for his life. May He spare him to return in peace. Sunday Sept. 7th. I have one later date from Tom. Hugh Jane= =way telegraphed from Alexandria that he saw Tom on Tuesday evening with his Battalion, well. But I am anxiously longing for a letter, a real vulgar letter of details that shall tell me how he is, and what he is doing. Our poor country is in a worse condition than ever: all we had gained in Virginia given up in order that we may guard Washington, and all the lives we sacrificed are lost. Oh may God now save us from our own rulers, and give us Peace! He can crush out slavery. Will He not do it, and let us go! Surely we have suffered enough. Aunt Ann is so angry that she thought of not taking the com= =munion. I haven't the bitter personal feeling she speaks of to our rulers, but I confess I am angry with Stone and Wistar who now go off at the head of full regiments while my Tom is left their inferior in position. And I have an angry feeling towards Margaret and Meggy who have behaved badly to me, and particularly to Jane whose life they render miserable. I certainly am not in "love and – here I broke off, and prayed myself into the right spirit. I am glad I forgave them while things looked badly to me for Tom, for his appointment as Brigadier General dates from 7th September. I am now writing on the 16th from Washington. The tide of success has also turned in favor of our army, who are now driving the rebels out of Maryland. Tom had the Bucktail Brigade offered to him, but preferred one in which he would not have to begin by removing the officers. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B27_F3_I1_p139.jpg) Yesterday orders came to go out to Camp Chase to take charge of a Brigade in course of formation, to commence with the 121st Col. Chapman Biddle. I hope he won't be like the other Biddle! Tom went this morning. I am to wait for directions before I go; perhaps he may be here himself again to bid me goodbye. He is very sick poor darling, but hopes the excitement of the field will keep him up. He distinguished himself particularly at Catlett's where he was not taken prisoner, and at Bull Run where he destroyed the RailRoad Bridge after our army had all passed over. I tried to write down what Tom told me about it, but I made so many mistakes that I think I will copy instead part of a pencilled letter to me I find in his scrap book. "The enemy threatened our trains and I was twice detailed to guard them. Thus first, I was treated to my "brilliant little affair" with Stuart, and second was held back from the left wing at Bull Run where I should have been abandoned by the cowards whom honor would not have allowed me to follow in their flight. . . . You ask, had I pickets out Aug. 22d? Yes; but by God's mercy they were captured without giving me the least notice or alarm. Had I been warned of the enemy's coming, I should have been drawn up in order of battle to meet them. I would probably have obtained some advantage over the first regiment or two which attacked me, but when they discovered the smallness of my force they would have brought down successive bodies of carbineers against me till I was overwhelmed They must have had between 4 and 5000 men with 3 Parrott guns and one howitzer, and were led by some of their best officers ~ As it was they cut through my Camp with one regiment, and marched another through it as carbineers, and then were sure that they had disposed of the little camp guard that fled before them. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B27_F3_I1_p140.jpg) "They were sure it was other infantry that attacked them near the Bridge and Station, and yet other that attacked them half a mile off upon my Camp ground. Of our numbers they knew nothing in the dark and storm except that we felt strong enough to assail them General Stewart the Confederate Commander of the Division complained at Warrenton that he had been deceived by the information furnished him by the Virginians around Catlett. 'I found,' he said, 'a superior force of infantry; but did not retreat before I had burnt the RR bridge.' –He did not touch a timber before we drove him off about his business. Do you remember lithe figured Bent. Winslow, the Lieutenant. He was last seen with his brave head bandaged up carried through Warrenton, a prisoner. I lost five others, probably no more in killed, but little white faced Keener has since died of his wounds. I had to rally the men by the sound of my voice, and the Con= =federates would keep calling out: Shoot at that man hallooing, and give me the best fire they could. But– I have heard this often happens when firing is done across fires at night– they did not send a ball as low as my head. You ask after the horses. Landragan cut them loose with his pocket knife (for which they struck him down) and both Clarion and Glencoe were too wild to catch. They got Biddle– who had no repugnance to their society!– and my black Secesh; but I was moved to ride up to a farmyard next morning where some suspicious cavalry were, and recovered the good fellow along with a Mexican saddle they had put on him. Clarion and Glencoe were caught by Landragan and Barnes the day after. I also made a prize too in a little one year old mule, and a dear bad little boy, who will take care of him till I can send him to Lyly." So much for Tom's account. The property he saved was worth about three millions according to the Quartermasters estimate. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B27_F3_I1_p141.jpg) For his own account of the other service I will copy his official report, though it does not tell how General Gibbon commanding the Rear Guard ran away leaving Sigel behind! How Tom asked Kearney whether he should try to do the service of guarding the Bridge till all were over, and then destroying it, and Kearney said it would be brilliant service if he could but do it, and bade him Goodbye God bless you. (The last time he ever saw him till he received his dead body from the Confederates.) Reno as he passed, advised him, "Better save a few brave men's lives," his last words with him too in life. "Head Qrs Kane Rifles in Camp near Centreville Sunday Aug. 31/62 "Major S. F. Barstow A. A. G. Major: Major General McDowell's order to me to come forward was received yesterday at 2 1/2 o'clock P.M. I met the first retreating soldiers at Cub Run. For a short time it appeared as if I could be useful by by arresting the stream of fugitives; but the feeble barrier afforded by my line deployed was soon swept away, and I concluded that I could render better service by pressing to the front. I met a brave man in Lieut. command= =ing a battery of four howitzers who was glad to escape from the press and turn back with me to face the enemy. I formed my line on Bull Run by the Bridge where I found Capt. Matthewes with one 3 inch rifled gun, Capt. Thompson with one rifled gun, and Lieut. Twitchell with one brass Napoleon. These officers had in vain endeavored to prevail on parties of our retiring infantry to support them, and asked nothing better than to make a stand if assured they would not be deserted on the enemy's approach. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B27_F3_I1_p142.jpg) They all deserve to be honorably mentioned for the coolness and decision which they displayed. The enemy did not attempt to drive us, and our presence restoring confidence contributed to diminish the haste and confusion of the retreat. We held our position till about 3 o'clock this morning when Major General Pope's order to destroy the Bridge was conveyed to me through Major General Sigel. But a few of the enemy's cavalry approached near enough to threaten at that time. The bents of the bridge were first cut away, and as it did not fall, the flooring was taken up and the stringers cut away off: after which fire was put to the materials, This was not done before the last of our army had passed over. My thanks are due to Lieut. F. Bell Co. I. KRR for services in destroying the bridge, which was attended with considerable personal exposure. Company G. of the 5th Regt P.R.V.C. in the Battalion under my command behaved most creditably. I trust this brief recital of services rendered will excuse my having acted for eighteen hours without orders. Very respectfully etc" So much for that. And my darling is back for an hour or two. 17th Tom has persuaded me to stay here till tomorrow. He went away directly after our early breakfast, and I took a long walk, then came back and made a bag for his sponge, put loops on his towels, and finished arranging his clothes to give him what comfort I can. I am sorry that it is now raining hard. I fear he will be wet through for he said he should buy his poncho as he returned. I am in hopes he can stay here all night for he said he would either return to an early dinner with me or stay till late and come to get supper. Dear Tom it is so sweet to be again keeping house as ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B27_F3_I1_p143.jpg) it were for him. How I wish we could really do so! – I spent the 18th in writing a Biographical notice of Tom for the papers, wh. he said should be corrected and altered to suit. He did not get in till late, and said he thought he might have to go out to camp again The night through he was in great pain, and sent for Dr Freeman on Friday morning. Dr F. said he must quit riding altogether for a while, and that he must continue to suffer a good deal for some days. I felt so sorry to leave him so, but he had to take up his quarters in a tent at camp where I know I ought not to be. So I returned. He drove to the depot with me. I reached Phila safely, but had to walk down our lane after dark which I did not like at all. The children welcomed me enthusiastically, but I found poor Evan beginning another attack of sickness. I did nothing but mind him yesterday. This afternoon, the 21st, Bessie's baby is to be baptised, so if E. is well enough to leave, I shall take the two elder children to see the ceremony. When I was in Washington Tom took me to see his old friend S. P. Chase the present Secretary of the Treasury, who gratified me very much by remembering Tot's brilliant conversation, and gratified Tom equally by speaking confidentially before me. I must whisper "Asses Ears" to some one: my diary will do. He seemed in low spirits, and said Miles' surrender of Harper's Ferry was the result either of cowardice or treachery. Speaking of McDowell, he said that although he had demanded a Court Martial the truth would probably never come out, because Lincoln hadn't backbone enough to come forward, and McDowell was both too modest and too generous to insist upon his right to show that he acted throughout under orders from Lincoln. He spoke of Lincoln as well as meaning, but weak, and the hardest of men to advise because he tried to please every one, and ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B27_F3_I1_p144.jpg) yielded his convictions to his fears. By his convictions I suppose he meant his Anti-slavery ones, for he added that Gen. Saxton (down at Beaufort, I think.) had orders to arm 5000, and organise 50,000 negroes, but that at the same time it was neither avowed nor disavowed. He wished, he said pointedly, to have a Major General's command sent out, like Jackson's with little to carry, moving with celerity; and raising the standard of Freedom to the negroes. Tom said "You know, Governor, I offered last winter to take my little band in at Hilton Head, and bring them out at Memphis." Ah, that can't be done now, said he, but I do think a Major General's command could be useful. I suppose he meant that he would like Tom to have such a command, but perhaps he was thinking of Fremont. Wednesday 24th. When we went to town on Sunday afternoon we were shocked to hear of the death of Weir Mitchell's wife, the night before, after a few days illness of diphtheria. Oh, it is terrible. Poor, poor Weir! The Southerners although defeated in their hope of rousing Maryland, are justly elated with the success of their attack on Harpers' Ferry, and the immense booty they have gained. Our President proclaims emancipation in the states which shall still be rebellious January 1st 1863, with emancipation and compensation to the masters proposed in the loyal Slave States. Nothing is talked of but this. Sunday 28th A busy week this past one, yet nothing to tell. I got out our winter clothes, and did a good deal of shopping. Tom writes in good spirits suggesting to Mr Shields the preparation of a Manual for Devotion which should contain nothing sectarian. Mr Shields is hard at work upon it. Darling little Evan is quite well, thank God! If he can only get a little plumper! Pussy Harry has a cold, Elisha had awful tantrums today and kicked me so I had to give him two hard slaps. He is penitent and loving enough now. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B27_F3_I1_p145.jpg) 1st October. Tom's Brigade is now made up. It consists of the 10th New Hampshire, 140th New York, and 121st Penna. John Taylor, Tom's cousin is dismissed from the Mint, the reason assigned being that the working force is to be reduced: the true reason probably being that he is a Democrat and anti War man. I remitted a hundred dollars to Walter today in payment of the money he sent me at my need, dear fellow. Thank God for enabling me to do so. I hope Tom's salary will enable me to pay off everything and lay by a little, for I hope he will soon return in peace. There is no news. I paid Jane's wages to date. 2d October. A little letter from Tom. He says he has 3800 men. I have been very busy today mending clothes and making drawers for Evan. Aunt Ann's household has been in a grand commotion Margaret having rendered herself so intolerable that William gave her notice to quit. Margaret tendered her resignation but as I knew it was not accepted, and the worse she behaves the more Aunt Ann does for her. 5th October. All well. This was Communion Sunday, and I had a good deal of trouble to get myself into the right frame of mind. I think I succeeded, and I had a very sweet day both in church and with my dear children. I wrote a long letter to Papa, and had a very satisfactory talk with dear good Aunt Ann. A lady told Mother that her husband, Tom's Quartermaster said they were going to Frederick. 9th October. Today Evan walked alone, being 18 months and 3 days old. He has been kept back by sickness, but is doing well now, and beginning to speak. He says Mamma, Papa, Tata, Gone, No No, and Cock, plainly, and Jane 'T Ann (Aunt Ann) and a few other words indistinctly. It is now eleven days since the date of ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B27_F3_I1_p146.jpg) Tom's last letter, and I am beginning to be very anxious over his unusual silence. Pat has not heard from Green for the same length of time. Bessie asked me yesterday what my arrangements were for this winter, whether I was not going to board in town and dress more expensively now that Tom's salary would be so much more. She said he need have no expenses, and that we were better off than any of the others. My only reply was that as yet he had not received the salary, and that if there was any surplus after paying bills I thought it would be better applied to beginning a provision for our maintenance when Tom got home with nothing to do. She said, oh he could do what he did before. Yes, I answered, work for a thousand a year, the first cent of which is still unpaid. I was a good deal hurt, for I am sure I would very gladly exchange Tom's salary and absence from me for $2500 a year, a comfortable house and the little her husband has to do, which he can do without leaving her for a day. It is small consolation to have his pay, and know that it only lasts while we are apart, that as soon as he returns, it is to nothing. Dear Tom, I would so gladly economise rigidly to be able to assure him of something to live upon while he looks round for occupation. Pray God return him to me alive and well, that is the main matter. All else is a trifle. 10th A letter from Tom at last, and nothing the matter but that he feared to give me the news that his old Brigade was changed and replaced by inferior troops 20th Conn. 123, 1240, 145 N.Y. 11th Mother wrote to ask me to let John have Jerry till Tom needs him. I went to see Pat about it, and heard it would be a great accommo= =dation to him. I accordingly wrote this evening to Cornelius as follows "My arrangement with John was that he should feed the horses and keep a fire all winter; while I was to pay ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B27_F3_I1_p147.jpg) him a dollar a week, and let him plough, and bring in his crops with their help. Now Dr K. wants me to lend him Jerry till his brother needs him. I have no objections if John makes none. Of course I should not object expect to pay as much as a dollar a week for the keep of Peacock alone, but I will be obliged if you would go to see John and find out what arrangement he would be willing to make. Then write me word, and if it suits me too, I will write to you, and send money to pay John up to the time Jerry leaves him. I would also like you to write me word whether you know of any reliable man who could bring him down, perhaps you could. And then I would like you to find out from the RR. people at Olean what the cost of bringing down the horse with the man to attend to him would be. I can then tell whether it is worth while to take the cost and trouble." The rebels have actually invaded Pennsylvania, a small force occupying Mercersburg and Chambersburg 19th Wrote to Tom to see about what cash we have. Mother seemed much disappointed that I had not ordered Jerry down without stopping to make inquiries. I was glad to hear that the draft passes over John Hafner. Poor Uncle Cross is dead Papa writes. He leaves nine children. Papa has had nearly all his old family plate stolen, in exclusive of 5 dozen stolen nine years ago. I had a note from Tom this week dated on Saturday the 11th at Sandy Hook. He says he is well. Little Elisha fell from the trettis of the verandah, and scraped his chin badly on Thursday. The jar seems to have affected his nerves making him desperately fretful, (poor ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B27_F3_I1_p148.jpg) little man! Harry seems inclined to set to work in earnest about her reading. I trust her improvement will be marked when she gets on a little further. Miss Betsy has worked for me the last seven days and a half, and for two weeks and more I have been hard at work on my own and the children's winter clothes. I have only one new dress a cheap de laine Aunt Alida gave me, and three "transmogrified" ones as Miss B. calls them. But they really look very nicely. Harry's clothes are chiefly made of old dresses of my sister Harry's and Evan's of what is left. None are quite finished, except a purple Garibaldi braided with orange which Harry wore to church to her own intense delight. I braided a beautiful pattern in blue on my old lead colored merino that I had when I was in mourning, and as a hack dress the year I went to the Medical College. Now it looks quite handsome. I am so pleased in fact with my handiwork that I am eager for Tom to see it, until the thought comes that my poor darling cannot come to me nor I go to him unless some misfortune happens to him: sickness or a wound. I must wish not to see him! Ah may God bring him back to me with Peace, in safety, soon! October 21st I had such nice letters from dear Tom answering all the questions I asked him. Dr Freeman is made surgeon in charge of one of the Baltimore Hospitals. ~ I was in town all day, and Bess and I bought a little wedding present for young Lizzie Holmes. October 23rd I had a note from Pat telling me that he has been asked to furnish a sketch of Tom's life for Appleton's Encyclopedia. Pat told me a lot of things but I guess I won't bother myself to write them. Heard of the death of Uncle Cross on the 2d October. 27th Received a note from Mr W. Biddle asking me to bring in a ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B27_F3_I1_p149.jpg) survey of the lot Tom wanted. 28th Went to town about the survey which I think Mr Fraley has. He could not find it, so I wrote to ask Cornelius to send me one. John Kane does not want Jerry, so I had to write to John Hafner and Cornelius countermanding the order to bring him down. I had the nicest letter from dear Tom yes= =terday! My dear dear Tom! He speaks of our going to McKean, and will be so glad when I can write to him that we have our deed. May God spare us to dwell there in peace! I hear today that the army began moving across the Potomac. 31. Day before yesterday I had a nice letter or rather Aunt Ann had from my own darling. I am reading Huber's Natural History of Ants for the children's instruction, and we went out yesterday to look for them but the numerous little hillocks of last summer are gone. In looking for them we noticed a very curious thing. The gate was painted on a warm day about three weeks ago, and dried very rapidly as the paint was mixed with benzine. Looking closely at it, I discovered a number of "Ladybirds" which must have adhered to the first coat, and been covered by the second. One which was stuck by its back seemed to be moving its poor paint covered legs, and about one quarter of it was free from paint. I loosened it gently, and it tried to walk but kept tumbling over as two of its legs on one side were doubled up with paint. Its abdomen was perfectly flat from famine I suppose. I shall look to see if it is alive today. Tom wanted a Manual of Worship written to be used by the chaplains and men of all denominations. Mr Shields wrote it and a clergyman of each Christian sect was invited to sign his approval. I wrote to ask Archbishop Kenrick's signa= =ture, and received yesterday a polite refusal on the ground that their faith required unequivocal expression. November 2d. Yesterday Harry was witness to the laying aside of the female ant's wings on commencing a matronly existence. Harry was delighted, and seemed ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B27_F3_I1_p150.jpg) so pleased to be with me, so loving and gentle that I determined, for the thousandth time to be much with her. Saturday Novr 8th. Today a week has elapsed since I heard from Tom, but I am making myself happy still in the consciousness that he is safe at Sandy Hook, and only too busy to write. Aunt Ann went away on Thursday to Lizzie Holmes' wedding, and is stormstaid. I am amusing myself with various new plans about building. Tom talks of We hope dear Tom may be able to resign in spring and then that we may build a smaller house. Mr Shields has answers from all the clergymen he wrote to, approving of his book save President Wayland, a Baptist, and Archbishop Kenrick. 26th November. Head Quarters 2d Brigade 1st Division 12th Army Corps. Blue Ridge near Harper's Ferry Virginia. Aunt Mary Leiper persuaded me to accom= -pany her and two Miss Feltons who were going from the Ladies Aid Society to visit the camps, carrying hospital stores for the sick. I gladly embraced so good an oppor= =tunity of visiting Tom, and carrying some things to him. After sundry vexatious delays we left Chester on Tuesday with a free pass from Mr Felton to Baltimore where we spent the night. We were a very merry party, indeed I do not remember when I have laughed so much about nothing. I guess Tom and I are a grave couple. Next morning we found ourselves provided with a special car on the Balto & Ohio RR. with a manservant charged with the especial duty of providing refreshments and waiting upon us. We reached Harper's Ferry a little sooner than we were expected but in a short time an Aid of Tom's and little Powell his Bucktail boy made their appearance with ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B27_F3_I1_p151.jpg) an ambulance. We crossed the Shenandoah on the first pon= -toon bridge any of us had ever seen and wound up the mountain to Loudon Heights on the further side of which Tom's encampment is. The view all the way up was superb, and we were deeply interested in seeing Maryland Heights and the other scenes connected with Miles' disgraceful surrender The scenery round Tom's camp is more romantic than the grander views of the great Potomac Valley. It is on the slope of a mountain with a lovely valley showing signs of long cultivation <&> opening out at one end to the Potomac, a reach of which shows lakelike from my tent. The other end melts away into misty blue mountains. The brigade Headquarters lie about a hundred feet above the camps of the four regiments, and a little way off in a group of evergreens stand the two Sibley tents prepared for our party where we dressed and slept, taking our meals in the General's tent. Thanksgiving Day. Yesterday we drove back to Har= =pers' Ferry, and after a short time spent in dining in our car, and sorting some of the boxes, we drove up to Bolivar Heights where I saw a magnificent view. It is a narrow ridge bare of trees, and we could see an endless reach of blue mountains on either hand while below us lay Harper's Ferry. We saw the officer of Hampton's Battery to whom Aunt Mary had under= =taken to convey a box, and after feasting our eyes on the scenery returned to the Ferry. Aunt Mary and the ladies bade me goodbye designing to spend the afternoon in visiting the sick and going early in the morning to Frederick. They are to return here tomorrow, and we are to re- -turn home the day after. When I left them at the ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B27_F3_I1_p152.jpg) car I returned in the ambulance, and reached this camp just about dusk. Tom was setting out to visit his pickets, but returned in time for tea. After tea two scouts came in whose report Tom thought would interest me, so he had them into the tent. Among other things they said the Secesh were greatly pleased with the Democratic victory, and that they were running all the negroes South whether slave or free. Jackson is the general by whose order it is done. I slept in Tom's tent, and lying on his arm did not tremble with cold as I did the previous night. This morning there was to be artillery practice from Maryland Heights which Tom took me up an opposite mountain to see. They only fired a few shell which were over before we reached the cliff. We saw a view however which compen= =sated us for the climb. Lovettsville, Sharpsburg, Charlestown, Leesburg, and South Mountain were all visible, and it was a most picturesque sight to see the little group of officers scattered along the ridge looking over at the view, and a couple of videttes perched on a high rock musket in hand on the look out for guerillas. This spot was a favorite one of theirs as they could look down on our camps themselves unseen. Now Tom has dispossessed them. There are plenty of them about, and I was struck by the fact that our little party going out as we did beyond the picket line, were all well armed. Passing an inhabited house a guard was left to see that no one left the premises until we were safe within our lines again. The spice of danger ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B27_F3_I1_p153.jpg) made the trip exceedingly pleasant, and the long rough walk I had to take made me enjoy the good dinner Aunt Mary's kindness had provided for Tom's Thanksgiving feast. It was a holiday in camp. Tom's leg pained so with the tramp that he had to go to bed where I soon read him to sleep. I finished what I was reading, John Stuart Mill on the War, and then amused myself with writing diary and talking to Tom when he woke up. The men are singing hymns in the camps below as I write, and so closes one of the pleasantest days of my life. Tom has got into hot water with Gen. Slocum for insisting upon Maryland Heights being fortified at a point commanding these Loudon Heights instead of commanded by them as they were in Mills' time, and since. But they fortified them. Friday. Tom was busy drilling his men in the morning. I drove over to see them, but had to leave in the middle without seeing more than the beginning of a skirmish drill. I had asked Tom to drill these men according to his system, and so he took a set of men for the first time and made them deploy as skirmishers. I did not know that they were beginners and only supposed them to be less perfect in drill than the Bucktails, instead of being surprised at their being able to do it at all, as I should have been. I drove to the Ferry but found the ladies absorbed in cookeries for the sick, and only Aunt Mary ready to return with me. The others were going to stay in the car, and go to Frederick either Saturday or Sunday noon. Aunt Mary herself only came to bid Tom goodbye, bringing with her the young corporal of Hampton's battery whom I saw on Wednesday. Tom was away, inspecting a regiment when we came but we occupied ourselves in visiting the 124th and unpacking a box of stores. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B27_F3_I1_p154.jpg) 146 After tea Tom escorted them to the Ferry, returning only in time for a chat before bedtime. Saturday 29th November. Tom started away early with four companies and eight wagons foraging beyond Hillsboro. He did not return till after dark, having scared the guerillas out of the town as they came in. The negroes warned Tom that our force was smaller than theirs but they gave no trouble. Tom filled his wagons and brought back 500 knapsacks of Uncle Tom's which the enemy had stolen from some of our forces in the advance. He brought back the farmer at whose house he found the knapsacks, as a prisoner. He means to give him a good fright and let him go. I amused myself as the day was too snowy for anything else, in sorting, dividing and packing the boxes of stores for our four regimental hospitals, then I knitted a little, wrote half of an immensely long letter to Tot, and then amused myself with a novel, and a long talk with John Green. Tom's horse stumbled with him, and jarred him so much he had to go to bed as soon as supper was over. Sunday 30th Finished my letter, read Tom the service in Mr Shields Manual, with which Tom is too much pleased to say much. After dinner went to church in the camp of the 124th, where a Captain Yarnall preached. Then we walked up to the top of the Height to look out again upon the mysterious valley stretching away into dim distance. Then one more happy evening: our last. Monday Decr. 1st. Parted with my darling. Tuesday Reached Frederick yesterday afternoon. We stay here till tomorrow morning. I am so lonely! We went out in the morning to visit various hospitals, but I soon had to return to the car, and go to bed with a bad sick ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B27_F3_I1_p155.jpg) headache. A long nap revived me, and after dinner I had a pleasant stroll through Frederick. We had a young Lieut. to tea, and we were much interested by Mrs Harris' (of the Ladies' Aid Society) accounts of what she had seen. Early Wednesday morning we left for the Relay House where I parted with my companions, I returning North, they going South to Washington. I reached home, Phila that is, soon after dark, and spent the evening recounting my adventures to the dwellers at Aunt Patterson's. Thursday I was busy shopping for Tom, and copying his description of the farm, that Cornelius might run the survey by it. Friday I went home, and was made very happy by the children's tumultuous greeting. Little Evan even kissed my feet as I sat sewing later in the day. I put down my accounts, looked in vain for a particular deed, wrote two letters, and began a pair of pantaloons for Lyly which I finished on Saturday. The Whitbou[--]es at our house on Saturday Evening. Sunday 7th Bitter weather! Drove to church as it was Communion Sunday. Tomorrow is my day at the Hospital. Wednesday 10th Decr Woke up on Monday with a cold and sorethroat that has plagued me ever since. But I went in spite of it to the Hospital where I found my poor Bucktail still lying sick: worse than he was before. There was another man from the mountains there, young Verbeck who was very much pleased to see me. I was so glad I went. Tuesday at home sewing. Today I went to town to pack and dispatch Tom's box. But a telegram came last night, bidding them not send Powell nor the box till they knew where to send – an indication of a move, which Tom hints ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B27_F3_I1_p156.jpg) at in two notes I received today on my return. I got Bessie to call on Aunt Alida with me. Spent the rest of my time cutting out frocks for Jenny. Tom thinks now, I see that he ought to go on active service: if he does, I must be resigned, for I have prayed God to guide him, and since his decision is to go, I can only say God bless him! Sunday 14th December. I had a couple of lines yesterday from Tom dated the 10th saying that they had orders to march to join Sigel at Leesburg and Centreville. The papers speak of forces of Sigel's being at Manassas and Dumfries, so that I have a considerable stretch of country to fancy Tom in. The last three days are full of anxiety. Our army has crossed the Rappahannock, and occupied Fredericksburg, but were re= pulsed in their attempt to storm the first line of the rebel works beyond the town. The battle was to be renewed this morning. But we have already four generals wounded, and two killed, one of whom is Tom's good and warm friend Bayard. Would that the report might prove untrue! And when an army is driven back from an assault, the success of which depends so much upon the impetuous rush of the storming party: I must fear for the result. Oh my God, has not this people suffered enough? Thou knowest all our sins, our pride and vain glory, but Thou knowest too how we have been humbled. And oh Father remember the widows and orphans this day makes, and let their cry come before Thee. Let not the blood shed this day be wasted. We know that Thou couldst interpose miraculously to end the War, and to purify us from our curse. But Thou choosest to make Man work out Thy great ends in Thy way, not in his. Surely, surely Thou deemest slavery wrong. And may not this be the ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B27_F3_I1_p157.jpg) set time to make us free from it! Oh Father, do make this a decisive battle, and end the war! Make the rebels submit, and let us free them and ourselves and our children forever from slavery. And then let blessed Peace come and heal our dissensions. Hear, oh Father, oh hear, and bless thy poor children. Give us the victory that our peace be not bought with shame, a shameful betrayal of the slaves. Help us, and dear Saviour look upon the battle field, and pray the Father for us. Holy Spirit, wilt not Thou enter the hearts of the wounded, and turn their souls heavenward in this sad hour! Amen! I saw many ambulances going to our Hospi= =tal today. They must be emptying the town hospitals for the reception of those wounded in this day's battle. I shall find plenty to do tomorrow. I had a letter from J. Hafner notifying me that he should leave Upland April 1st being tired of staying in so poor a place. I don't know what to do. Sunday December 21. Yesterday a year ago was the battle of Dranesville. Thank God for bringing us through that trouble! This has been a dismal week for our nation. Poor Bayard was buried on Friday two days after the day that was fixed for his wedding. We have had a terrible defeat. Hath God forgotten to be gracious? Is His mercy clean gone for ever? Ah surely not. Yet it is hard to look hopefully for good to come out of all this evil. Dear Tom is at Fairfax Station. I have no later date from him than a pencilled scrap dated last Sunday before the bad news reached him. Papa is dreadfully troubled about it. I spent Monday last pleasantly in my wards. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B27_F3_I1_p158.jpg) December 26th I wish I had time to write more in my diary these strange days when the country seems expiring. Every one is disheartened I think now. Tom seems unable to write he is so miserable. We spent Christmas at Bessie's. I was very heavy hearted missing Tom who has always been with me at this season. Besides my old sin of covetousness gave me a pinch when I saw Mother and the others give more to Bessie than to me, and give Jenny one of the old heavy tankards. But I hope I conquered that, and made myself pretty happy with the children. Today I wrote home to thank them for their presents to me and mine, and to Tom, and to two Adams Express agents about boxes are missing. I also minded the baby while Jane and the children went to a Sunday School Festival in the afternoon. This evening I have been reading the the diary of this time last year, and thanking God for all his mercies to me since. Oh may He spare my dear husband and children through the coming year, and restore our fallen country. 27th Walked to the Post Office with the children for letters, but there were none. I fairly thirst for news of dear dear Tom. I do wish I could see him and know what he wants. Made and tucked six pairs of sleeves for Bessie's baby, ten yards of sewing! Mended my own dress, and began some more of my baby's work, and so ended daylight. After tea went through the usual routine of reading to the children till their bedtime, hearing William his lessons, and now I am to return to my sewing. I ran over my accounts. Find I have ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B27_F3_I1_p159.jpg) spent on my own clothing $48 this year. Sunday December 28th. Today is perfectly lovely. We were at church this morning, but my thoughts wandered often to Tom, and to the state of our most unhappy country. Every one seems pausing for the 1st of January. Will the President carry out his Emancipation policy: will New York withdraw her soldiers as threatened: shall we have negro outrages in the South, or quiet acceptance of their freedom? Or will the President falter, and we fall again under the yoke of the Democratic party, and be ourselves slaves to Slavery? I hope God will have mercy upon us all! The negroes are decided to be citizens of the United States according to Attorney General Bates. Decr. 31. Pat tells me our Chicago Stock will not only pay its semi-annual 5 per c. dividend but give us ten per c. of stock. I shall propose to Tom to set it aside for Charlotte's wed- -ding present. Mother has been spending two or three days with us, seemingly enjoying herself quite well. Yesterday Aunt Ann and she went to spend the day at Leiperville Aunt Mary had just returned from Tom's camp. He left four hours before her arrival on Sunday with three days rations. I suppose he went out after the rebels who made a raid on Dumfries. Dear Tom! Goodbye, old Year! I have had much sorrow, but so much to be thankful for in you. Such happy hours with Tom! And with my darling children too, but Tom most of all. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B27_F3_I1_p160.jpg) January 1. 1863. At noon today the President proclaimed the United States a free country. May God bless Freedom to the slaves, and guide the nation back to peace. May the freedom never be withdrawn, and may no outrages sully it! I have no letters from Tom. I was in town all day, and felt very sad in the evening missing him so very much. January 2d Friday. Walked to the post office. No letters! God preserve dear Tom! January 7th. I have been too busy to write. I have had nice long letters from Tom, who has applied for active service. There has been terrible fighting in the West, but for once it is we who are victorious! The army in which Tom is seems to be going into winter quarters. I have no answer from the Adams Express about those boxes! I have written a long letter to Papa asking his advice about our building. Looking back over my diary for the last two years I find that the same quan- -dary always presents itself_ how to pay for a dollar's worth of building with sixpence. January 11th Sunday. Tom writes that his Brigade looked and did better than any other, not in the Division only, but in the Corps. He was complimented upon their appearance at the grand Review lately by both Slocum and Williams, his Corps and Division Com- -manders, _ and immediately sent Green to Washn to press his application for active service! The Adams Express man has sent the box of eatables to Tom at Alexandria. The box with his hat is still missing. I have been making good resolutions. May I keep them! Among others I determine not to read a novel for a month from this time. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B27_F3_I1_p161.jpg) I want to begin a piece of work I have planned; copying in a book the papers relating to Tom's history since he volunteered. It will be interesting to the children, and it is a pity so many valuable papers should be scattered. If I could afterwards copy his Mormon papers I should have done a piece of work worthy of offering to him, whom I love, but he will be pleased if I only get the first done. I hope my good resolution won't evaporate. Tom has remitted $750. $200 for his living, $200 for our board, pay bills with part of the rest. I must collect the bills the first day I go to town and pay them. I bought some books for the men at the Hospital tomorrow. I copy a little Poem I think pretty. The Two Worlds. Two worlds there are. To one our eyes we strain, Whose magic joys we shall not taste again: Bright haze of morning veils its glimmering shore. Ah! truly breathed we there Intoxicating air_ Glad were our hearts in that sweet realm Of Nevermore. The lover there drank her delicious breath, Whose love has yielded since to change or death; The mother kissed her child whose days are o'er Alas! too soon have fled The irreclaimable dead: We see them_ visions strange_ amid the Nevermore. It is perpetual summer there. But here Sadly we may remember rivers clear, And harebells quivering on the meadow floor. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B27_F3_I1_p162.jpg) For brighter bells and bluer, For tenderer hearts and truer, People that happy land_ the realm of Nevermore. Upon the frontier of this shadowy land, We pilgrims weary with our burdens, stand. What realm lies Forward, with its happier store Of forests green and deep, Of valleys hushed in sleep, And lakes most peaceful? 'Tis the land Of Evermore. Very far off its marble cities seem, Very far off_ beyond our sensual dream, Its woods unruffled by the wild wind's roar; Yet does the turbulent surge Howl on its very verge. One moment_ and we breathe within the Evermore. They whom we loved and lost so long ago, Dwell in those cities far from mortal woe_ Haunt those fresh woodlands, whence sweet carollings soar. Eternal peace have they; God wipes their tears away; They drink that river of life which floweth Evermore. Thither we hasten through these regions dim; But lo, the white wings of the Seraphim Shine in the sunset! On that joyous shore Our lightened hearts shall know The life of long ago: The sorrow-burdened past shall fade for Evermore. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B27_F3_I1_p163.jpg) 12th January Monday. Bad news! Our fleet driven from Galveston with loss, and the Commodore, Renshaw, blown up in his flag-ship. Our complete defeat at Vicksburg also, is con- -firmed, and people seem to think the rebels defeat at Mur- -freesboro less damaging than at first. If God designs the rebellion to succeed I hope we may soon know it, and acquiesce. Papa has written me a long letter. Under the circumstances he advises our having the lumber sawed, and building as far as our means permit. He advises our locating permanently, as Tom wishes to do. I shall write to let Tom know. I was busy at the Hospital today. Grieved by the death of a man whom I knew there. I felt as if I ought to have spoken religiously to him, and I never did. May God teach me! 18th January Sunday. I have begun read the piece of work I spoke of, copying those papers of Tom's, but I get on very slowly. Still if I only persevere! I thought of several things in connection with them upon which I intended to proffer to Tom my sage advice. But upon reflection I concluded that Tom is a very decided character and while I might perhaps nip off some unnecessary growth I would much oftener merely embarrass the healthy developement of a much higher and better na- -ture than my own. Papa writes that for our own sakes he wishes for Tom at home, but for the country's he must desire that he should have an important command. A natural genius in military matters shines out in him. Yes, if Tom had an independent instead of a subordinate command I do not doubt that he would show himself a great General. But I long for him at home. Still I pray ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B27_F3_I1_p164.jpg) God that He will either restore him to me in safety, or if he be taken from me that his precious life be not uselessly thrown away like poor Bayard's. But oh that he may be spared! The news today is rather good. We have taken, with the expedition that failed at Vicksburg, a place called Ar- -kansas Post with 5000 to 7000 prisoners. Whether the place is an important one, I do not know. On the other hand, the Ala- -bama has taken two more vessels. Tom has written to ask me to come and pay him a few days' visit. I cannot be sure of going, much as I would like it, because I am not to go alone, and I don't know whether I can secure an escort in R. Patterson or not. I hear reports that he is ordered to North Carolina, and to South Carolina. I trust that I may get to him before he goes! I have been reading Cousin's "Jaqueline Pascal," or I should say re-reading it. It makes me feel dreadfully world absorbed. And how much too much I love Tom. I am afraid Jaqueline would have thought my case hopeless! I was much struck with the following remarks of M. Singlin, confessor of Port Royal, "When we have overcome that insatiable avarice of wealth which is almost universal, we ought to beware of falling into the opposite extreme, and becoming greedy of praise, and ostentatious of our gene- -rosity, while we despise those who still cling to their property. For if our distinction consists in being above the love of money, as that of others does in its possession, we are likely, without great watchfulness, to perform actions seemingly benevolent, but in reality prompted by the same spirit of pride which causes some men to contend too earnestly for their rights and others to yield them too easily. In all things cases of this nature, we ought to be neutral, and endeavor, unbiassed by personal interest, to ascertain ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B27_F3_I1_p165.jpg) what justice demands upon both sides." Beware! Wednesday 21st January. Dear Tom is under marching orders I don't know for what place. Thursday. Aunt Ann is terribly worried about her Will. Pat told her that he sent it to her on Friday by mail. She had, she says, repeatedly requested him to trust nothing to the mail. He told her that I said on Thursday that it would do perfectly well to send it so. I do not remember his asking me. It has not come. She started yesterday to see him, as she heard he was to go to Boston in the evening. But it stormed so that she returned trusting that the storm would also delay his journey. She has gone again today. She is excessively angry but determined to control her Leiper nature, and not scold Pat, so she has scolded me ever since Saturday. I have suggested that perhaps Pat ordered his boy to mail it, but forgot to see it done, and I think it is the true solution of the case. Pat is not always to blame in the delays about her Will, but certainly has neglected it shamefully. ~ I am glad I have paid board. It is easier to bear scolding, and to try to console her when I do it of freewill, and am not a dependent. I am at a loss in my copying. I have copied Tom's account of the Regiment's history, and have now begun a paper called "In Western Virginia" written by me at Tom's dictation after Dranesville, and is very bitter against Biddle. I want to let that matter drop, but I am not sure whether I can without impairing the sense of the paper. Friday. Restlessly uneasy about the army. Terrible rumors of defeat, but nothing tangible, and no news of Tom. Saturday. The papers say that the storm kept our army from crossing, so my dear Tom is still safe. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B27_F3_I1_p166.jpg) Sunday January 25th. This is the anniversary of a very happy day in my life, Sunday 25th January 1852, when I was first engaged to Tom. I thank God for the great gift of his love. May He help me to keep it till I die. Then I know it will always be mine. ~ While this anniversary rejoices me, I have become sufficiently infected by Tom's superstition to be very anxious to hear from him on the 28th of January. His super- -stition is that he is always in trouble on the 27th, his birthday. The children are all sick with influenzas, and as it threatened to rain, I did not go to church but spent my morning in nursing baby. Pat is away, gone without leaving a word of ex- -planation to Aunt Ann, who feels very angry. She has an influenza too, poor lady, so she is much to be pitied. Tot is to be married this summer. God bless her, and grant her health and peace of mind. It is only two months and a week now to the time when I hope dear Tom will return. I am almost afraid to think of it! Wednesday 28th January. A letter from Tom at Stafford C. H. where they arrived on Sunday. God bless him! Burnside has resigned. Thursday 29th Aunt Ann is not so well, so in spite of the storm I went in to hunt up Pat for her, but he had not come home. Saturday. In town all day, but too tired on my return to write all I want to say. Pat says he won't let Aunt Ann have her will until she specifies in her letter of instructions her last alterations in it. He promised to come out to see her but did not. I signed the deed to the Company, and deposited Scipio's first earnings. Called also on Aunt Alido who was out Dined with Bess. Mr S. & she want me to come in and stay all night to read some of his work. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B27_F3_I1_p167.jpg) 1st February. Only two months now until the day I hope to have Tom free. I was the only one of the household well enough to go to church where I joined in the Lord's Supper, but I did not feel as if I ought to, because I have been reading so many novels and feeling so disgusted with some people. 2d February. Nice cheerful letters from Tom. I have been all day at the hospital and am tired. Thursday. Tom has sent me $270. that I may send Tot $300. for her wedding present. It has been so icy cold that I have stayed quietly at home this week. I have reached the battle of Dranes- -ville in my copying, and am now at a stand as I do not know whether to write the inner history of the Election or to let it pass over. I know that the temptations he subdued would be a history useful to our boys, but I trust God will spare him to teach them himself. I guess I had better write nothing that I could not print, as borne out by documents. If I can get him to write about it, I will. I had almost concluded to tell him for the sake of his advice, but no, I hope to give him a pleasant surprise. The children are better, though Elisha is so thin it makes my heart ache. I cannot imagine what ails him. The cold has given place to a furious rainstorm. I fear God is not with us, for His storms come at the worst time for us. And if it is so, how can we stop. God help us, and deliver us! Tom wrote in good spirits on the 30th ult. so my anxious time is happily over. Dear fellow, I wonder if he has any remote idea how much I love him! I wrote him a long letter yesterday, and want to write him one today, but know that I really haven't anything to say, except that I love him. I daresay my sheet would soon fill, saying that for I often have little else to say. I never tire of hearing him say he loves me ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B27_F3_I1_p168.jpg) 10th February. On Saturday I went to town and to the McK & E. where they showed me a resolution granting Tom the lumber and use of the Mill, for the house. Monday, Mother, Bess, and I stood for our cartes de visite. I went to town about the eternal will. Today I drew two deeds, wrote to Cornelius & Amend a long letter to Tom, and cut out underclothes for myself and sacques for baby, and sewed all the afternoon upon the machine. Tomorrow I must go to town with the deeds. A nice letter from Tom. I have had a very happy time last week! On Monday the 16th I was busy all day getting a box ready for Tom. Tom Leiper was home on furlough and was to take it back. At dinner time Robbie brought a telegram announcing that Tom would be here at midnight I stayed in town to welcome him of course. Next morning we went to Pat's. Tom and he talked business until about twelve when they went to see the Company. After dinner we went out to see the children. Wednesday Tom was busy with the Company and we dined at Pat's and slept at Bessie's. Thursday I saw little of Tom. He was busy talking with Mr Shields till he went down town. I went out of town at 5. but he did not get out till 7. Friday he was busy with papers till one, when I accompanied him to town. Pat came out with us and stayed till half past ten. Saturday Tom got through his work about 7 P.M. and we spent a delightful evening at Bessie's till it was time for Tom to leave us which he did at eleven. I was so pleased with Tom and he was so happy to be with us. I think his loyal words did good to others: I am sure they strength- -ened the feeble knees of my loyalty. I think our deed was signed while Tom was here. I saw it open on the table for signature so I suppose it was done. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B27_F3_I1_p169.jpg) I have got through with the dentist since Tom went. Yesterday I was busy in town getting another box ready for Tom as the last was dropped and destroyed in Washington. March 1st I am not without hopes that Tom's name may be left off the new list of Brigadiers. In that case he will return to me. I try to wait God's will patiently. I have asked Him to govern the Presi= -dent in this matter. If Tom's name is not sent in, his fighting is done, and I have him safe without question on the part of any one whether he did or did not do right in resigning. The merit of his actions is not lessened by the President's not rewarding them, in fact. I desire to be loyal, and do not speak ill of dignities before folk, but the discernment of a man who selects from the Brigadiers on his list thirty, among whom he places four civilians, and omits Tom, is not great. He has sent in his first list containing sixteen Major and thirty Brigadier Generals. There now remain only four days, and then I either know my own darling to be safe, or must wait in renewed suspense and fearful hope the issue of the next battles. For the country's sake, I should regret the loss of one so honest, brave, faithful, loyal, and capable as Tom, but if she does not want him, I do. A little toadying to Lincoln and his wife, a little lounging about Washington would have secured his nomination. Simple merit fares ill here, as elsewhere in this world. — I dare not trust myself to think that our parting may be over in four days. God's will be done! March 6. The President has called an extra session of the Senate so the matter of Tom's Brigadiership is still unsettled: all the nominations being left to be passed upon in this extra session. I have been very busy copying some papers for Tom on 3131, and sewing for the children. I have an additional reason now for economy, and for hoping dear Tom will be spared to me. I believe I am going to be a mother again. I am very sorry, but if I have him to lean on I will not mind it so much. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B27_F3_I1_p170.jpg) Saturday 7th March. Tom's name is the 4th in a list of 101 Brigadier's sent in yesterday for confirmation. The Senate will not reject him, so I shall not have him back directly. But I hope it will be soon. I have done a good deal of sewing this week and copied a paper by Tom on 3131. Wrote to Papa in the evening. Sunday. It rained so hard that we did not go to church, and I found it rather a long day. I wrote to Tom and read a good deal, principally a book on Thankfulness. In everything give thanks! Then I must try as a duty to be thankful Tom is re-nominated: to be thankful that I am enceinte. I can try and pray to be made so. I have not written to tell Tom yet, but think I will do so in my next Tuesday. A day of excitement. A number of Brigadiers appear on the lists as being confirmed. Tom's name not among them. The fami[-] are in a grand turmoil. The Republicans say it is owing to his Demo- -cratic connection. _ Cornelius has come and is very anxious for us to go back for good and all. Sunday March 14th The Senate adjourned yesterday after confirming several nominations. The names are not all given but I think Tom's could not have been among them as he is a Philadelphian and so would have been likely to be mentioned. I have a certain feeling of disappointment at his loss of pay, and at the indignity that is offered him, but then that is soon swal- -lowed up in the joy of having him back, and so that he will not return to the army ever again. Papa writes to me to say that he has the prospect of being invited to take charge of a great business house, to have $20,000 a year as Manager, and asks me whether I still think it best for him not to undertake business. It is hard to know what to say in return. Friday 20th March. Nice letters from Tom all this week. He ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B27_F3_I1_p171.jpg) says he has not had me beside him in all his trials to desert me in mine: he will certainly come home. But he doesn't say when. I have been expecting him from hour to hour every day in vain. All yesterday I passed in bed with an excruciating sick headache proving me, one of Eve's family! I am trying to get Tom's civilian's clothes in order. ~ Mother let out what the plans are for John's marrying. He wishes to ask Mr Bayard to let them marry this summer, to ask him what he will do for them, and to say that his own mother will advance money to him for two years more at the end of which time he hopes to be able to support Mabel himself, and even, Mother added to repay her. I think she threw that in of her own accord. I knew Mabel was preparing to be mar- -ried in June, but I did not know the way they were going to come round it. It is only a few weeks since Pat's indignant assurance to me that not only was the Estate unable to help him, but that he was coming to see me in order to assure me that neither he nor Mabel had contemplated it! ~ Mr Clay has said that the Leiper estate will pay off its indebtedness to Mother's this summer, and this money I fancy she has promised John from the overjoyed tone of a letter she received from him. We had a tart conversation on the subject for I said the money would be better applied in commencing to clear off incumbrances on her Estate, and when she said did I want the poor dear boy to wait ten, fifteen or twenty years I said No, I didn't want him to wait at all. If he couldn't swallow the oath of allegiance for Mabel's sake and go into the army as a surgeon I didn't see that he had any one but himself to blame. Then Mother said if those were my sentiments she would not converse upon the subject any longer with me. She would never ask him to take any oath against his conscience. Then, I retorted, he could not be a loyal man, if the oath went against his conscience. So I showed myself abundantly un- -gracious, and very unnecessarily so, for my disapproval won't prevent poor Mother from throwing away money. It is a cruel kindness to John. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B27_F3_I1_p172.jpg) March 22d. I went up to the post office for letters, and received one from poor Tom that made yesterday a very sad time. He wrote that he had supposed himself rejected, had his leave, his pass, and transportation ordered on the steamboat that was to leave Aquia at daybreak when at night he received a telegram saying he was confirmed on the 11th. So he writes he is half sick with disappointment for himself and me. I feel whole sick with it. Dear Tot's Mr Bell has obtained the curacy of Gainford near Dar- -lington_ near Durham, and in Teesdale. It is £150 a year. 23rd Monday. No letter from dear Tom today, but one from Senator Cowan dated the 11th informing me of Tom's confirmation after being adversely reported upon by the Committee on the Conduct of the War. He rose, he said, and made a short statement which overcame all opposition, but he thinks "some enemy had been sowing tares." 24th Nice letters from Tom, enclosing encomiums from his superior officers when they thought he was going to leave, and the telegram from the Asst Secy of War, Watson, announcing his confirmation. He wants me to go to see him. 27th I took Tom's budget of letters to town yesterday and showed them to all the relations. I carried Harry with me who enjoyed herself mightily. 28th No further news from dear Tom. He has spoiled me so with his almost daily letters that I am quite worried because I have been four days without one. I hope he is not sick. I have about made up my mind that I will not go to see him. I am not well, and fear I might be laid up if I got there. But how much I long to go. Sent Cousin Margaret, who is sick, a bouquet which gratified her very much. I am glad of it, and hope it may make her amiable to poor Papa, who must be perfectly worn out. ~ Poor Harry K. has anearache_ an affliction to which she is subject. April 1st I had a few lines from Tom, yesterday, only a few affectionate words and an intimation that he was too busy to write more. Aunt ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B27_F3_I1_p173.jpg) April 6th I have had several scrawled letters from Tom, who has been suffering with intense neuralgia, and a boil in the corner of his righteye. He is in terrible spirits about the country: I wish I could go to cheer him! The attack on Charleston is begun. God defend the right! April 8th Lily Kane safely delivered of a daughter at 3. A.M. I saw her yesterday looking bright and well, and she took a drive in the afternoon. My Evan was two years old on Monday. Tom writes to me to pray that the army may go forward now ~ but I cannot, I cannot even grieve over these leaden skies which may be all that interpose to prevent the quenching of my life's light. April 10th Tom is going to try to get me a pass to visit him. We have however had two days of lovely weather, which will probably dry up the roads more than the coming storm which will I suppose be here tomorrow, will injure them. As soon as the roads permit, that army will go forward. Robt. Patterson my es- -cort cannot gome before the 17th, and I fear that will be too late. We had a false report about the attack on Charleston. Our vessels got into the harbor on the 6th. It is the last we have heard. Great fears entertained for the safety of brave General Reno Foster. Poor Reno is dead long ago. 12th April. The fine weather still continuing I suppose the army will soon move. _ Mother has been ailing for more than a week. I think the doctor seems uneasy about her. Tomorrow I shall go to see her again and probably stay her all night. There seems to be an obscure fever hanging about her. I was in town yesterday but had too much on my hands to stay long with her. I had not heard of her being still sick Mary Field has been at death's door with diptheria. She is considered out of danger now, but is very weak. Pat and his wife are terribly disappointed in their baby's sex. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B27_F3_I1_p174.jpg) I went to town on the 13th and spent that day and the next with Mother who is much better, returning in time to help entertain Aunt Ann's company. I am very sad today over our dreadful defeat at Charleston, and especially because this is the anniversary of the sad 15th of April two years ago when my darling went away. He telegraphed to me not to attempt to come on, as no more passes are to be granted to civilians. I have another cause for anxiety. The Supt of the Phila & Erie has come to press upon the Company the necessity for opening the mines promptly and, "understanding that General Kane was not going to resign" he wished to recommend an excellent agent. June 8th 1863. Tom left this morning at 7.30 for the Mountains via Harrisburg. He was brought here on the 7th or 8th of May very ill, having pleurisy, and being threatened with Pneumonia. He had had an attack of pleurisy before the army moved, but had energy enough to command his brigade during that disastrous spring attack upon Fredericksburg. I need not say that he behaved well. But over exhaustion and depression of spirits when they were ordered back made him so very ill that he narrowly escaped dying, one might say, of a broken heart. Careful nursing and home life has made him strong enough to go to the mountains where I hope he will gather strength rapidly. Since he has been getting better he has been working very hard on the case of 3131 which he has now submitted for Mr G. W. Biddle's opinion. Tom hopes to save at least half to the Company. I had a letter from J. Hafner notifying me that he should leave on the 15th "wether or no" I was there to look after my goods and chattels. Also one from J.P.G. telling me about the Paymaster's name. 9th Tuesday. Went to town in the 8 A.M. train was twice at the Paymasters, at three telegraph offices Pat's office, twice at Aunt Alida's and once at Mother's, got out here in time for ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B27_F3_I1_p175.jpg) dinner at which Dr & Mrs Thomas and Mrs Warfield were present and when they had yawned themselves away and I was think -ing of going to bed to rest myself, for I was so tired behold in came tea-company whom Aunt Ann had invited without telling me. I was fairly sick with fatigue. Capt. Yarnall of the 124th came to call. 11th Busy at home both today and yesterday making and mending clothes for the children to wear at the seaside. Wrote to inquire about rooms at a Mr Dennises, wrote also to Tom, to Tot, and to Mrs Barrett. Aunt Ann is sick in bed today with rheumatism in her hip. 13th Yesterday at home quietly with Aunt Ann, finishing a little coat for Lyly made out of an old sacque of mine, mending Harry's drawers also. Papa writes to me that he has had an offer made him to take the managership of a great banking house in New York, the chief branch of a London Joint Stock Company. His salary would be £4000. per annum, or in these days of depreciated greenbacks $27.333. He declined it on the ground that he was too old. Mrs Wood, Walter, Helen and myself were opposed to his taking it. Drs Mitchell, & Barker, Tom, & Mr Pell thought he should have done so. I think he begins to regret his decision now. 14th Finished Harry's drawers, cut out a blue frock for baby, darned my stockings, and made myself a ruffle of a new pattern à la Henrietta Thomas, yesterday. Walked to the feed store with Harry. Aunt Ann out of bed but still confined to her room. Miss Britton and Miss Chambers called to beg for a fair. This morning there was a Confirmation at our church. My feelings were peculiarly touched by the sight of a young Lieutenant his faded shoulder straps showing that he came from the temptations of camp life thus to renew his vows. May God bless him, and keep him from the evil, and also those young girls who knelt beside him. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B27_F3_I1_p176.jpg) 16th June B.M. 17 weeks._ probably 25th November. I am very anxious about Tom. The rebels have invaded Pennsylvania, were at Carlisle yesterday: expected at Harrisburg today. Tom will be leaving his work at sixes and sevens, and dashing down, sick or well to report himself. God bless and guide him! 21st June. My darling sister Charlotte was married on the 3rd of June, to the Rev. Edward Bell, Curate of Gainford near Darlington, Teesdale. May God bless her with all good gifts! Papa writes that the London gentlemen returned, and he made them an offer which they gladly accepted, to lessen the hours of work and the responsibility, and take a less salary £3000. A great object with him has been to help Tot whose husband only earns £150. The rebels are reported as menacing various important towns quite unchecked. Our militia are slow to assemble, the people con- -tenting themselves with Clamons against the Administration which does not send military here. New York however is sending in regiment after regiment splendidly equipped. I know nothing of Tom since the invasion began. The children are all ailing. June 23rd Evan and Harry are better, but Lyle has been sick all day. My last from Tom dated the 18th seems to be written in com= -plete ignorance of the invasion. Baltimore and Harrisburg are both reported now as sufficiently fortified. 45000 Rebels are reported as in Maryland, but I cannot help fancying the reported army is merely a screen to cover the withdrawal Westward of that entire army. Meanwhile where is our own? I have been very busy this week. Monday I made Lyly part of a blue flannel shirt jacket, and did mending and finished a blue frock of baby's. Tuesday, I altered two dresses for myself, and finished the blue shirt. Today I made him a red shirt, and minded baby while Jane ironed. Last week I made baby the blue frock and two petticoats. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B27_F3_I1_p177.jpg) [inserted newspaper clipping at the top of the page] MARRIED. 1863 BELL—WOOD.—On Wednesday, June 8, at Christ Church, Clifton, near Bristol, England, the Rev. ED- WARD BELL, B. A., Trinity College. Cambridge, Curate of Gainford, Durham, and CHARLOTTE M., eldest daugh- ter of William Wood, Esq., New York. Katharine Mary Eva Born March 1864 Edward Wm Wood Born March 20. 1868 July 3rd 1863. I am glad to have my diary to write in to help while away the hours of anxiety. The news this morning is that Reynold's corps was fighting Lee and Longstreet yesterday: that at dark Meade's whole army had arrived, and a battle along the entire front was expected today. Reynolds is killed_ and I should think the rebels had the best of it, so far. God forgive me for a momentary exultation upon hearing that Stone and Wistar were captured. ~ Just as I wrote this I saw the man coming with the Inquirer. I cannot understand whether the fight I speak of was on Wednesday or Tuesday or Thursday. I see the 12th Corps was one that would be engaged in the fight that was to come off. May God spare Tom! I was with him from Friday night to Monday morning in Balto as he could not get off. He started on Saturday with me to Washn where he offered his services until after the battle, but said that if he were spared he must then resign. Stanton said he could not be spared by the country, and agreed to assign him to special duty in preparing his Tactics should he survive the battle. _ Sunday he tried in vain to get off, Monday he did get off but was forced to return, and served Monday night under Schenck in the alarm at Balto. Tuesday night he wrote me to expect no more letters as he hoped to rejoin his men next day. _ I told him to go. May I not regret it! July 8th I am almost worn out with anxiety. I had a little note from Tom dated the 3rd <1st>.17 miles from the battle field which he must have reached that night. Yet the papers mention Col. Cobham's name as commanding the Brigade the following night, and there is no word of Tom since. It is a whole week ago! I wish he would not be so averse to newspaper notice. It would save me many an anxious hour. The country is full of joy over Lee's defeat, and the fall of Vicksburg. I am glad that in spite of anxiety I can end my diary with Thank God! ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B27_F3_I1_p178.jpg) Slippers 2 oz tapestry worsted 4 steel needles No 15 Set up 16, knit one row plain 2d seam, 3rd plain, widening once at the beginning of the second & 3rd rows. Tie on the next color, knit 1st row plain 2d seam <3rd plain, 4th seam> widening as before at the beginning of 2d & 3rd Then with the other color which must not be broken off both balls being kept together throughout, knit first plain, second plain 3rd seam 4th plain widening as before Repeat until there are eight of the bright or first color. In the ninth instead of knitting across stop after knitting nineteen stitches, and turn back knitting the same pattern on the 19 stitches without widening until 26 ridges are formed, knit the end now on the needles to 19 of those left on the toe binding them off together. This will leave 10 or 12 on the instep Knit up the stitches around the top of the slipper on three needles with the fourth knit a plain row then a row of holes, then a plain round & bind off Sew on cork soles or leather ones, if such can be procured. Run a ribbon through the holes. CL1 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B27_F3_I1_p179.jpg) ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B27_F5a_I1_p001.jpg) [Calculations appear on page with the following names Macord M. Otto Kay [-]rork F Feris Warner Cornaby Strawbridge Mc Kane Hapner Lenasity ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B27_F5_I1_p002.jpg) [small portrait in top left corner] 300)15001/50 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B27_F5_I1_p003.jpg) No 1748. 169 sher[-] ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B27_F5_I1_p008.jpg) [words cut off by torn page] V Chig Fern[-] " [-] ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B27_F5_I1_p009.jpg) June 6th 1864 Tom wants me to continue my diary, left off for nearly a year. He wants me again to record my decision on the much debated questions_ build or not build_ sell and leave here or stay. Parties are desirous of buying him out, and he could obtain probably $20.000 for the Summit Place, and $15.000 for the Roberts Lot. Now he wishes to sell his estate excepting the half share in the selection from his property at Lamont taken for the RR. town, realising thus about $58,000. turn this into gold or sterling_ and watch events, which means, go away from here. We would then, he says, be free_ a desirable something for him_ much less so for me. And in the approaching prostration of events business prosperity, which he insists upon it must be frightful: we will be independent as regards our living _ in a good position to invest in land again if we desire it. Whatever may be the fluctuations of events our position in argument is I believe always the same. I want to build and stay here: he always wants to go. He began his last proposal by seeking my con= =currence in his selling the Robert's Lot and so much of the Sum= =mit as would leave us about 40 acres round the house, and after turning this over in my mind I did concur fully in the wisdom of his selling the Roberts Lot, and a portion of the Place. But I asked to look at it on the map, and found the buyers contemplated a railroad close to the garden and a railroad town running round to meet the buildings of Lamont. Then I said they would make the place intolerable, and then Tom said he thought less of that because ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B27_F5_I1_p010.jpg) these people wanted all if they could get it, and indeed he felt himself if he stayed committed to the Penna RR. and to the Dynhoga Company not to sell as his property was so tied up with theirs, but that going away he could cut the gordian knot. So that the question really resolves itself into the old thing. Had we better spend our lives here or elsewhere? To answer this is also to ask and answer What are our objects in life, what our prospects, and consistently with these what parts of the earth are to be called "elsewhere." We want a place where the children will enjoy good health. and ourselves also. We want a place where we can obtain a living without such toil of mind or body that we are unfitted to serve God heartily. We want a place where we can use our powers mental and bodily most usefully to ourselves and our fellows. The answer to the first question bars all rich, un- =healthy lowland country, and all our Eastern cities. I believe San Francisco may be healthy. Tom proposes California, East Tennessee, and Canada. The two latter places he would render desirable abodes by becoming Military Governor of one, or settling in the other with the purpose of inciting a revolt, throwing off the English rule, and then picking out whatever place or occupation suited him best. I reject these as unsuited for a married man of forty the possessor of four small children, whose life is of value to them. And seriously, the anxiety I should endure on his account would be no compensated to me for by any amount of money gained even by a less questionable process than ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B27_F5_I1_p011.jpg) lifting the property of others. California remains, and I will leave to Tom the task of pointing out the advantages which it possesses over this place. It is an unknown world to me, and though I love Tom as much as I do, I yet feel that the first step towards that place even if it be a Paradise involves the final parting with all people and places we have known in this world. And if Tom or I should die there before our children are grown? Let me now say why I prefer staying here. Tom has no profession, and has to begin a career elsewhere. He says the same thought and labor expended on a prosperous country would have made him a very rich man, and that he is very uncertain that toil and thought can make him rich here. I will grant it all. But_ Six years ago Tom became a gent here at a salary of $1000 He owned then $3750 worth of stock and $8600_ (?) in gold. He has maintained us, fought two years for his country, and if he sold now could move off owning $58.000 (currency to be sure) and a half share in acres in the town of Lamont. I don't think, considering his feeble health that he has earned little. Remaining here we have the share in Lamont, 1000 acres at least of the Summit adjoining Lamont, acres of the Roberts Lot £943.11 in gold $1318 at 6 per ct_ $1000 a year salary, *$4225 in the same 10 per ct paying stock, 5 per ct commission on sales of lumber for the Company $3000 interest in the Dyn- -hoga Coal Company (a tract composed of choice lands picked out by Tom himself for the Co.) and the probability of being *This is worth almost double in currency ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B27_F5_I1_p012.jpg) their agent_ a contract for clearing with the RR. Co. which should pay for the clearing and fencing of a large tract round the house and towards the town, which we can either sell, or rent for pasture. In addition, we are to have the lumber for our house for the price of sawing it, and the privilege of using the steam sawmill on our place at night to work up our own lumber for sale. Our cellar is dug, our hydraulic ram working, some little clearing commenced, a plan that suits our convenience admirably, paid for, and the carpenter is ready to begin work. What little furniture we have, our books, clothes etc, are principally here, and of course we must sacrifice them if we leave. There are other advantages. Tom's life for six years has lain before the people, so that his credit is thoroughly established. He understands them, and his agent's business perfectly, and I trust that if we live here he won't have to exhaust himself so in his labors. We are 25 miles from Lamont here. Then we should be on the spot. And with his lot settled, I hope this winter would see him at leisure to work on his Tactics. All the advantages on this page would be thrown aside. We love the country, and are healthy here. I am happy here. It is true the winter is fearful. It is true that now is the time to sell if sell we must. But these lands are not paper. Really good coal underlus them real railroad at least runs through them, timber must have a market, if not so good a one, and if the crash ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B27_F5_I1_p013.jpg) comes soon the price of labor goes down too. If our land bears an artificial value now, we shall not find it depress below what we gave for it, and supposing our fortune in currency value contracts we have quite as much as we had when we started here six years ago. Let us get our backbuilding up, squeeze into it for the winter and if we stand that consider ourselves settled, I say. Mind however, I say also. If Tom could part with, say 500, acres of the Summit, or with the Roberts Lot with honour and profit I would advise it, but since he cannot, I vote for a home here. Now when Tom returns from his Tax paying trip I'll let him write his answer to me. June 11th I did not write, thinking Tom would be home yester= =day, perhaps. I thought he might like to write about Cali= =fornia. In the meantime he has a letter from Mr Biddle, requesting him to sell off some of the Dyuhoga Coal Lands. I think this should make him feel free to sell the Roberts Lot if he chooses. There are several things to annoy him in these letters. I have spent all my leisure since Tom went away puzzling over the Cornelius accounts in the hope that I might be able to spare Tom all trouble. But it really seems as if I had done nothing. I am trying to get Willy into short clothes. He is too large and active to wear the old set the others had. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B27_F5_I1_p014.jpg) Sunday 12th June. Tom reached home on Friday evening, and having been perfectly wet through the day before he has been sick with rheumatism ever since: worried too about the Dyuhoga Coal Company's lands. He has to take two fifths not one fifth of the tract, and as there are some payments still to be made it reduces his gold to $2000. The dear fellow is hardly fit for work tomorrow but he must write letters and accounts. I hope I may be useful to him. The army news is unfavorable: and the Dyuhoga Co: want their lands sold at from $20 to $30. I hope dear Tom may be able to do this and to sell his Roberts Lot. In the mean time he must have his Chicago stock transferred to Papa and borrow upon it as agreed. 22d June Nothing written. Have been a little sick, and not a little sorry about my dear Tot who is far from well. Papa's banking company is broken up. Two of the directors have been speculating in the shares of the Company, and the others protested. The two however having bought a majority of the shares outvoted the others who have resigned and the business is to be sold out. A handsome mention of the management of the business here was made at the meeting. Tom is preparing maps and descriptions for the ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B27_F5_I1_p015.jpg) 25th June Letter from Papa in reply to Tom’s transfer of his Chicago Stock saying “I sent on the Transfer Papers to Mr Burtis, and re- -ceived back this morning scrip for 169 shares of the Chicago Gas Light & Coke Co. in my name, the scrip numbers is 1757, and after the money which I may advance to you with 7 per ct. interest is repaid these 169 shares will again become yours, and you had better keep this letter as a voucher. On the 17th I bought $359 in gold say Three Hundred and Fifty nine dollars in Gold being the equivalent of $700 currency at 95 pct prem which I hold subject to your order. Your $1318.12 lent out on call loan on 18th May I called up 20th inst, the 33 days int. amounted to 7.25. so that I held $1325.77 less cost of gold $700 = Balance due you $625.77 I now enclose the following checks No 1 my Check on Bank of America in your favor $1000.00 “ 2 Do Do Do 1000 “ 3 Do Do Do 200 “ 4 Do Do Do 200 “ 5 Do Do Do 200 “ 6 Do Do Do 200 “ 7 Do Do Do 200 “ 8 Do Do Do 100 $3100.00 Deduct balance due to you as stated on other side 625 77 At your debit with me at 7 pc Int. $2474.23 The $359. in gold belongs to E. Burlingame ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B27_F5_I1_p016.jpg) Today Tom had a letter from Jos. D. Potts announcing that Thomson agreed to change the name of Lamont to Kane the consideration being $1000. which Tom gives to found a working men's library in the town. This name is a present from Tom to me as he knew how mortified I was about the change from Kane Station. Yesterday Tom brought home from his last trip to the Summit meat from two bears. I eat two help= =ings at dinner thinking it as I said "the tenderest venison I had almost ever eaten." July 10th My dear Harry's birthday. She is nine years old, a refined modest little girl, backward in book learning being lazy, but forward beyond her years in all that may be acquired by the active use of her eyes and ears, and retained by an excellent memory. She has a better stored mind than most children, greedily devouring every- -thing I, or her father will tell her, but she reads imper= =fectly, and does not write at all. Elisha and she learn the same lessons_ know their multiplication table, and some of the other tables_ practise the four simple rules of Arithmetic, and have some little smattering of History and Geography: the little they do know being intelligently understood, not mere parrot learning. They have a great love of poetry_ though Harry has a more intelligent appreciation of it, and both of them know long poems they have learned from me, by heart. The Rebels are making a raid into ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B27_F5_I1_p017.jpg) Pennsylvania, and I await with the most intense anx= =iety news which shall determine the truth of the con= =flicting rumours. My dear Tom sick and delicate as he is may return from the trip he is now on only to leave me if the news is bad. He is gone into the woods with a geolo= =gist, and does not expect to return till Monday night or Tuesday morning. July 30th. There has been a rebel raid and Tom went down to offer his services, but, fortunately the Rebs. took themselves off, and he came home a week ago. He has been sick ever since. ~ Our building goes through adventures we may laugh at some day. When Tom was here our mason being very drunk had a fight, and went home and we were till ten o'clock one night out getting him back to work. Tom, that is, I only went for the drive. Briggs stuck to it a little, but after Tom left, he went off again. Everything came to a standstill The sawyer took holiday, the carpenter, and every one. Cornelius has been unable to get old Briggs back _being probably overcome with shame, for, having promised me to return to work of a Tuesday morning, he did get back Tuesday night as far as this house, very very drunk. In that condition he lay one day at Howard Hill, and then sneaked home. Cornelius procured two others, who went in, rifle in hand on Friday. One was Grimes our shingle maker whose obliging behaviour makes it unpleasant to try to catch his three deserter sons, who appear now and then ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B27_F5_I1_p018.jpg) with their rifles. August 17. Dear Tom was away all last week from Monday till Sunday on a horseback journey through Forest and Clar- -ion Counties. He says it was a most satisfactory trip both as showing him that much extotted land and lime in C. Co. was the same as ours, and also in convincing him that his route for the A.V. & K S. RR. has the advantages he claims. There are other things to depress him however. A claim- -ant turns up for a warrant which contains the Ann Swift and part of our Roberts lot on the ground of a treasurer's sale for the taxes of 1841 and 1842. Our oldest Tax Bill is for 1842-1843. _ Then our wretched building is not advancing except in cost. Not till he himself stayed and saw it done was the first 12 M. put in the drying kiln, and there it must stay four weeks! Nothing is done, and he must go there and remain on the spot. In the meantime he had to start yesterday for Erie to buy bricks, for the freight on which alone he must pay 52 dollars the car load! On his way he was to stop at Warren to see Struthers about the title to the Roberts lot. Returning East he is to keep on to Williamsport to see Mr Potts, then to Phila to see our Company and the Penna. RR, then to Wilmington to get John to open his leg, where a piece of bone seems to be working out of the wound I miss him much, but pray that he may be benefited, dear darling! Little Will is nine months old today. Pat had a son born August 1st. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B27_F5_I1_p019.jpg) "West Wind." Kane. November 6th 186[-] Tom grieves that I have given up my diary, kept when there was nothing particular to say, always abandoned when I was either doing or suffering. I have indeed missed the opportunity of recording while it was fresh the most interesting event in our lives for years, our moving into the woods, but I will try to remember and write down what I can, and diarise in future or attempt it. Today is Sunday, the first clear day but two since we came here more than six weeks ago. Tom left on Tues- -day to try to purchase the 4000 acre tract for the McK & E. Co. I suppose he will arrange to come home after the great Election turning off at the next station below here to go into the country to vote. The children and I have held our little service, and their scripture lesson learned Harry and Elisha are playing in the snow, while Evan is making pin patterns in my pincushion and Willie is playing on the floor. Now for my Narrative. Pat paid us a visit returning with Tom from the visit talked of in my last Journal entry. He advised us strongly to come down to him and Bess this winter, emphasising their cordial invitations by pointing out my poor Evan who was languishing so that even my eyes were forced to admit that he was fading like a wilted flower. He made me feel very unhappy. Tom had to be here, I knew, and I knew he was too delicate to be left to endure the hardships he must undergo, rough- ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B27_F5_I1_p020.jpg) it without a home. During this time of anxiety we went up to see the barn. It was unfinished, and all of new wood, but the house was only a skeleton. So I stood in the doorway, and said here I would live till the wing of the house was habita- -ble. Tom was not sure I was in earnest, but he thought he would ask Barrett his opinion. Barrett decidedly advised it. Now one of our main sources of discomfort was that the Barrett's so earnestly desired to get rid of us, and this plain evidence of the fact rendered it impossible to recede from my decision. Tom had boards sawed dividing the lower part of the stable into three rooms, two of the stalls being left open in the kitchen as pantries, and the remainder (three) boxed up. Next came a little dining room, and the third com= =partment was for our boxes, barrels, etc. The harness closet was left for a milk-pantry. Upstairs the hayloft was divided into two large bedrooms, and the high grating and low door for shoveling in hay being removed, windows were substituted Then Tom had a small stove which he had up there put in the one appropriated for a nursery, and the cooking stove put up and so the kitchen and nursery were a little less damp. Meanwhile I separated my boxes selecting what could be left for cheaper transportation across the snow and repacking with care what we must take. I was well worn out and so was poor Tom who would plow through the dreadful mud to Barrett's and return back before he was rested looking so worn and weary my heart ached for him. On Wednesday the 14th Septr we started. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B27_F5_I1_p021.jpg) Tom had come down to see us, and I persuaded him to ride part of the way in our carriage so as to rest until our roads parted at White's. It was a ride full of emotion. We were leaving the lovely valley where we had been happy and comfortable (not a romantic adjective but one we were destined by contrast to understand the full meaning.) leaving it to plunge into an untried life, and one whose dangers were very apparent. Could the frail "wee white rose of all the world" stand it? God knows how my heart trembled lest my love for my dearest husband had led me to value too highly my duty to him, compared to the duty I owed the lives of his children. ~ I suppose we shall always remem- -ber our parting, when Tom turned off on his way through the woods to Kane, and we pursued ours to Wilcox not to meet till we should come to live there. As Tom's solitary figure disappeared along the narrow road little Elisha's unsteady voice struck up the hymn "When, Lord, to this our western land Led by thy providential hand Our wandering fathers came," The thought of my Father's good care watching over us too strengthened me, and gave me courage. I am cowardly and Tom did not know how I dreaded escorting the children to the tavern, and moving them up here by myself. On Thursday I left the children with Jane in their most uncomfortable quarters at Wilcox, and took Elisha with me to Kane. He cried until the time came to go there over the prospect of being left with his father when I should return in ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B27_F5_I1_p022.jpg) the evening, but he was not sorry when he got there. We got the conductor to stop the train at "the bricks" as they call the beginning of the roadway leading to our buildings. Tom was waiting for us, but a contractor and a Catholic priest were there too. The dear fellow soon joined us, telling me the priest had come to see about a church to be erected on our ground. ~ My poor household gods were now just being driven up the muddy forest hill side on a stoneboat (our only useful vehicle here where we have no roads) and I saw that my hope of putting up the bedsteads and having things ready for the children to come up next day was not possible to be realised. I was forced to give that up. But the vision of the children's dismal faces, the dirty room at Wilcox, the "weather-breeding" loveliness of the day foreboding the equinoctial storm, all made me plead with Tom to let me bring them. Just as he seemed about to yield word came that the cow was lost, Barnes had started at daybreak in pursuit of her but it was feared she had gone to Barrett's. Of course without the cow the children could not go there, but Tom promised to telegraph if the cow was found, and to let me bring the children up. I returned at night alone, having made a great effort of self denial in not dragging Tom with me. The dear fellow was disappointed too I found having prepared to go with me. The telegram came, and I got the children off. The clouds were black, but when we got to Kane we had sunshine the rest of the day. We stopped ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B27_F5_I1_p023.jpg) at the mill trestle work, and soon saw Tom riding Clarion with Lyly perched behind him plowing his way through the deep mud toward us. He soon joined us, and I showed Jane the corner where I laid little Will to sleep in the mill the day we came up with Pat. We dined at Dunbar the sawyer's, and it was nearly three before we got to the barn. It did look dreadfully dark, but they put a brave face on it, and we slept there that night. Landrigan had kept watch beside our goods as they lay be the Railroad the night before. That night I put sheets on the beds, but for many nights afterwards we could only use blankets. The streaming eyes and noses of the children, and the steaming window panes, the cold wet sheets and pillow cases, and our wet underclothes were the natu= =ral result of the dampness from the unseasoned unplaned wood. And the barn was so dark, and so dirty! Jane and I plunged into work. A buffalo robe spread on the kitchen floor was poor Willie's sole nurse, while we cooked and tried in vain to get the new stove to bake decently. All the unpacking had to be done too. Poor Tom endured patiently our poor cook- -ing, but he could not endure to see me worn out as I was, so tired I was ready to drop. He tried everywhere in vain to get a servant. At last, it seems as if we had been a month struggling on, I can scarcely believe the account book that says it was on the 21st only six days after our arrival that Mary Arthur came. She was a girl of 14, stout active and willing though dirty, and we welcomed her gladly. But I soon found to my cost that I could let her scrub and scour under Jane's eye, but that was all. Not to put too fine a point upon it, it was my ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B27_F5_I1_p024.jpg) daily occupation for weeks after cleaning and dressing the children in the morning, to comb and scrub their poor little heads_ to make the beds, and make up the bread, occupations I could not delegate. We were threatened with a visit from a Committee of "McKean & Elk" gentlemen but I did not know the day precisely, nor their number, some- -where about the 17th October they said. I wrote constantly urging Mother to send me Eliza Johnson and Mother replied by frantically compassionate letters, and accounts of her vain efforts to induce Eliza to come. Meanwhile another damsel came aged sixteen, on the 13th of October. She is a regular stuck up Yankee, a student at Alfred College where they learn to edit papers, Philosophy, Mathematics Algebray, etc, but not to spell or speak their own language. This young lady began to cry upon her arrival in our charming domicile having expected to come to a place where she could "attend parties and go to Meeting." We tried her as cook for which she said she was qualified, but alas, she didn't know nawthin' abaout bread made with hop risin', nor haow folks did without saleratus. She gobbled lumps of butter, drank up Tom's anchovy sauce by putting it to her mouth, and romped and fought with Mary in the kitchen until I had to silence them. Meat she knew nawthin' abaout roastin' but said she could fry. Burnt greasy chips! I had to keep Jane in the kitchen as before for she had to attend to everything. Meanwhile the fatal 17th drew near. Dear Tom was so kind and sorry for me, and he ordered nice things to come and bespoke ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B27_F5_I1_p025.jpg) some pies and bread in the neighborhood and, as he has since confessed told Dunbar his wife must come and cook at any price while the gentlemen were here. Mean= =while by Tom's advice Jane made venison stock and shin of beef stock, and I browned some onions, and roasted coffee with my own hands. Tom urged my not attempting cake, but I knew I had made sponge cake well and determined to try. A success! So was the soup stock, so were the onions and coffee, and the smells were out of the house. On Tuesday the 18th Tom rode over to the station to see if they were there, and our agreement was that they should dine there, and be kept away till tea-time. Tea and breakfasts I thought I could manage and one dinner. I thought there might be three, Tom said possibly five gentlemen. I laid out the children's things ready to go to Dunbar's where we were to stay, and hurrying our miserable dinner over prepared to put the aired sheets on my three beds, when Harry rushed in, "Oh Mamma, Mamma, Eliza Johnson!!" I flew out and fairly wrung the womans hand, I nearly cried with relief! What could I have done without her! She brought word that nine gentlemen were coming right over as soon as they had dinner! I was almost at my wits end, for we were short of all such things as bed linen, cups, spoons, knives and forks. The first thing was to put up more bedsteads, and this was hardly done, and my preparations for tea explained to Eliza when Harry brought word that the gentlemen ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B27_F5_I1_p026.jpg) were in sight. Jane and the children were hustled into the kitchen, and I lit the lamps, came down and welcomed my guests, and then as they filed upstairs I went off carrying Evan in my arms all the way to Dunbar's, half a mile I guess. Eliza "took hold" with a will. The gentlemen stayed till Friday afternoon, and all congratulated us on our admirable cook. My dear Tom said it was a matter of moment to him to entertain them himself, and to be with them as long as he could get them to stay for business reasons, of which I may be able to give an account some other time. I shall go on with our experience at Dunbar's. Tuesday 8th Novr. If I don't take care I shall forget my diary again! Let me put down yesterday's actions. There was an interval of clear weather for a few hours in which we rambled to the house site to watch the carpenters then down to "the bricks" along the RR. to the newly cut track of the Big Level and so home. In the daylight I sewed. At night I read to the children and after they had gone to bed inspected Dunbar's and Rose's accounts. Today it rained all day. I sewed on the machine and made cake and read to the children Tom telegraphs that a broken engine will oblige him to stay all night at Wilcox. So our little world goes. What are they doing outside? Who is the new President It is decided at this hour. May God bless the nation!! I suppose this has been the most momentous day in its history. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B27_F5_I1_p027.jpg) I'm not in the humour to write about my stay at Dunbar's where I boarded in company with the mill hands, and slept in a nook curtained off the dining room. I have newspapers to read, and am disappointed not to see my dearest darling tonight. 10th November. Thank God Lincoln is elected! That means I hope a free country for our children to love, and a great one. And I completely forgot the diary yesterday, Tom came home with a world of things to tell me, and the day was gone before it had well begun. Today he had to go to Warren to see Struthers from whom he is to purchase his share in the P. Morris tract for the K. F. & C., and tomorrow he has an appointment to meet Potts in S. Mary's to settle town matters. There is a plan lying beside me for a splendid hotel, it is a question whether Tom shall put $5000, or $10.000 in it, and there is a prospect of having the station nearer us, and various tempting things to be obtained "cheap for cash" if one only has it. R. P. offers in a sweet note today $5000. for investment in Kane. That pleases me for it looks as if people began to think Tom knew pretty well what he was about in settling here. But I hope my dearest will have strength for his labors. 11th Tom passed on his way to S. Mary's. I was busy making Harry canton flannel nightgowns. It began to snow in the afternoon. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B27_F5_I1_p028.jpg) 12th November. Snowing almost all day. I received word from Barnes that he would like me to pick out the trees I wanted cut. I didn't want any, but he came with three other skilful choppers saying it was unsafe for us to live in the barn, for if a wind arose the trees weighed down with snow would fall here. So down crashed several of Tom's pet nobility of the forest. One splendid curled maple is they say the finest specimen they ever saw. Tom is going to have some furniture made for me of it. He was sent for when the train came up, but did not come. Still it snowed, and I felt afraid the road would become impassable. We were warm beside the wood fire, and I read to the children, and sewed all day. At teatime came a telegram from Tom that he would be up in the freight train. So all the evening we watched and waited, deceived a dozen times by wailing sounds that proved to be the wind among the tree tops, and not the panting train. At half past eleven we gave him up, and Cornelius who had spent hours watching down at "the bricks" went back to Dunbar's and after arranging everything in case he should come we too went to bed. I awaked suddenly, crying, "There's the engine!" and so at last it was. We heard it halt and then go on, so Eliza and I rapidly dressed, and then while she put the kettle on I helped and then watched for my dearie. How long it seemed before I saw him suddenly quite near at hand, as if one of the black tree stems or stumps relieved against the snow had suddenly wavered into life! Two minutes more, and he was safe beside the fire, so hoarse and tired my heart sank for fear of pleurisy ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B27_F5_I1_p029.jpg) So bitter was the storm, that even when he arrived after it subsided, all the landmarks were obliterated and he had lost his way even in the short distance. He had 2 dozen eggs by way of a delicate attention to me, but he found he could not carry them, so he hid them in the brushwood, and toiled up, carrying his little bag and a flag Sam. Field bought for him. Sunday, 13th. Tom resting, but with a bad cold and cough. Everything beautiful out of doors, snow covering ground and every branch and twig so that the distance becomes a hazy veil of white lacework over a steel blue, or gray or golden horizon as the moods of the day pass on to evening. None of the usual sounds of the woodmen's axes broke the Sunday stillness, only the usual Sabbath(!) sound of gunshots rather nearer and more frequent than usual told that the poor deer were seeking the clearings and paying for their poor little prudence with the lives they sought to save. Cornplanter's Indians, who were camped close to us on a hunting party are gone, but a number of hunters came up on the train_ a piece of civilisation we could spare. Cornelius says if he is not at work tomorrow he will kill me a deer. I don't mind that! Saturday 19th Too busy a week to write or perhaps I should say Tom was too busy for me to get dips into the inkbottle. I have tried to help him and to see his business people. Dear little Willie is a year old, the 17th being his birthday. He cannot walk yet though he pushes a chair and walks after it, nor talk except in gibberish. But he is ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B27_F5_I1_p030.jpg) a darling good beauty! Our wing is getting shingled, but our windows can't be put in yet, because our pulleys were stolen, our siding can't be put on till the window frames are in, and our chimney can't be built because our brick- -layer's shoulder is put out. December 1st. Poor Pat's little baby son died on the 29th November after two or three days of suffering. May God comfort the poor father and mother! Cornelius is ill with pleurisy, and Tom's mill hands are all quarrelling and going to leave. Weather this week mild and rainy: every trace of snow gone ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B27_F5_I1_p031.jpg) Sunday Sept 22. 1867 After a long gap I think I will try to resume my diary_ relinquished I think soon after Mother's death. We are all alive and well, even dear Tom is stronger. ~ One of the children just now handed me a diary for 1866 showing that I then kept occasional memoranda. ~ Thus far in the season we have escaped any killing frost. The very little children (and the Yarnalls who are staying here) have gone to bed, but Harry and Elisha are listening to an account by their father of the effect of great ocean waves. We are sitting in his study. All the carpenters work of the house is done: there remains alone some placing of grates and mantels and the last coat of paint on the house. ~ I have had a long talk with Tom today and decided against his lumbering this year because we want him to be free minded for the children's sake, and think he has quite enough work to do in effecting sales for the Co_ and trying to work up League Island and attending to his own military history. Sept 23. No frost yet! Mrs Yarnall teaching the chil= -dren. Mr Yarnall at the hotel, Tom dictating to me 24th Tom left in the freight train for Smeth- -port. Yesterday was pretty well occupied by both of ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B27_F5_I1_p032.jpg) in composing and dictating a little lecture he thinks of delivering there. Besides this he dressed a mans wounded hand and rode into the woods to a point on Kenjua. Mr Yarnall is slashing at the poor trees round the hotel with great zest. Mrs Yarnall is teaching the children I have just finished copying a long letter to Mr Collins and writing two short ones for Tom. Frost last night. Today is brilliant_ cool and clear. Saturday 28th Tom returned yesterday noon. His lecture was a success, but the week is dashed by J L's getting drunk. _Tom bought an ox for himself price 130 and [-]waf a pair for the Co. We were desperately busy getting letters off for the mail. Tony Clay and Burlingame to dinner. Letter from Mr Fraley received notifying K. of his appointment as special Agent at a commission of 5 p. cent on sales. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B27_F5_I1_p033.jpg) 29th September. Yesterday and this morning were exquisite Indian summer like weather. This afternoon comes up stormy threatening to deprive us of our trip to Erie Buffalo and Niagara tomorrow 30th September 1st 2d & 3rd October Days to be chronicled with a white stone. We went on Monday to Erie meeting Brewster the Attorney General, and Schofield our Representative on the Cars. At the Reed House met also Galusha Grow. The Reed House is magnificent. Its dining room is a very fine room and I was pleased to find it only 2 feet larger than that in our Kane hotel. We took a pleas= =ant drive and returned to tea. Mrs Scofield and Judge Johnson called, and after that we chatted and read "Nasby". In the morning Tom started out and had very satisfactory business meetings with Tyler our RR superin= -tendent and Douglass the stamp collector or whatever he is. We just caught the 10.20 A.M train reaching Niagara about three in the afternoon. We crossed to the Canada side and drew up at the Clifton House tired out. I was for going to bed at once but Tom persuaded me to go down and get some dinner, which was so good that it and a nap made me view matters in a new light. Our room was ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B27_F5_I1_p034.jpg) just opposite the Falls, and we had the roar of waters in our ears all night. In the morning through a hard rain clearing up gloriously we drove across the Bridge to Goat Island, and the Whirlpool coming home in time to dine and rest all the evening with the anticipation that we had seen in the rosy pinkness of the cataract foam at night the last of the sunlight on Niagara. This morn =ing (the 3rd) rose grey and stormy but after breakfast we wrapped up and walked to the Fall. Never could any one see the glory under such lovely shifting "storm and sunshine cloud and shadow." There is no use trying to describe the Falls but I can say we had a perfectly happy morning's walk_ and en= =joyed a lovely little garden very much too. This afternoon we leave for Buffalo ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B27_F5_I1_p035.jpg) 13th October. We visited the State Fair at Buffa- -lo, and I was surprised to find myself enjoying it so much. Between ourselves I suspect I have an undeveloped capacity for great enjoyment. I keep too much down to a "set gray life" and it is unnecessary now I think. We found Mr Collins here on our return, and the whole of last week has been overwhelming fatigue for Tom when he was quite unfit for it. I do not think he ever spent a week of such agonising neuralgic pain. The Company have had eleven gentlemen to visit the lands, and Tom has had to talk to them. Today is cold enough for snow. 14th October. A perfectly charming autumn day. Tom and I were busy with our pens till dinner time_ all the gentlemen away with Mr Yarnall After dinner Mrs Yarnall and I took the children down the Comonsville Road into the clearing by Hubbards and up the Terrace slope_ a lovely walk. To bed early with a headache Tom away trying to persuade the gentlemen to take farms. 15th Another brilliant day. 16, 17, 18, 19, 20. All the loveliest weather pos- -sible. No fires going in the house _ pansies, mignon- -ette and sweet alyssum still blossoming out of doors and the autumn leaves still beautiful though ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B27_F5_I1_p036.jpg) now browning and falling thickly. The Yarnalls left on Saturday the 19th. The good man has been slashing into the trees on the Terrace slope at a great rate, much to Tom's chagrin. The hotel is almost "sided up," the piazza pillars up on one end with the brackets primed as also that end of the house for display. 25,000 or 30,000 bricks are moulded and drying nicely at the yard. Tom had his achievement to show me after the Yarnalls left. We took the children and drove out along the Big Level to Nye Sverria no longer a Slough of Despond but a first rate road. I really think I never was so surprised in my life. We spent yesterday evening alone, the first for 15 weeks and a half. Every thing at present looks prosperous with us. The Co. are paying off their debt to us rapidly: the dear children are well, and the parents too. God be thanked for all his mercies to us. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B27_F5_I1_p037.jpg) Monday- a lovely day. It rained in the night and was rainy most of yesterday but today Wednesday is cold and clear. Our men are at work on the Wilcox Road.~ All the week The rest of the week rainy till today Nov 1st Friday when Tom is gone to Howard Hill with Dr Freeman and though not raining it threatens to snow Bw. gathered these violets probably the last we shall see. Ground still unfrozen 2d November. A brilliant but frosty day. 3rd Sunday. Raining all day. Read Evangeline to the children. Mr Yarnall out walking. My dear Tot has been very ill with Intermittent Fever I believe she is out of danger now. ~ Last week I taught the children faithfully all the time_ did some writing, made a dress for Harry, and was much worried by squab- -bles in the kitchen. I had a nice long ride on Satur= =day afternoon with Tom and Mr Yarnall all over the town and along the Wilcox Road to the old RR. cutting and across the RR. to the woods behind the brick yard thence by a hauling road of James' to the Big Level and back. Tom says it was five long miles. Tom is worried at my having induced him to put $2500. into a lumbering partnership with the McK. & E. people. The hotel has its first coat of paint on and the piazza roofed in. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B27_F5_I1_p038.jpg) Nov 5. There is a sprinkle of snow on the ground and there was a slight fall that melted as it fell yes= -terday while I was out on horseback with Tom. I have had four rides lately Nov 6. Clear & cold. Old J. D Hunt here. Sent Aunt Ann J N's wages to Nov 1. for investment Nov. 10. The weather has been persistently mild. Tom is suffering very much with pain in the back. Mr Collins wants Tom to go to Buffalo on Tuesday to attend a meeting of proprietors interested in the extension of the BR & P. RR. Burlingame sent in news on Friday that he had discovered two veins of coal at Howard Hill thicker than any of Dalson's on land marked as coal less by Dalson. Tom has convinced Mr Yarnall of the impolicy of lumbering this winter on account of the late ness of the season, the quantity of lumber on the Allegheny and the financial troubles. I suppose he knows best but I am very sorry all the same. He would have had a quar= =ter share in the profits if any. However the less there is going on the less work there will be for him to do. I am very anxious to have Dr Freeman settle here for Tom's sake. He is not strong enough to go about among the ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B27_F5_I1_p039.jpg) sick. I am troubled about him. Life is a burden to him from pain, and he often tells me he can not endure the amount of work he has upon him. I cannot prevent his working, and am afraid I hellp to burden him when I only de= =sire to aid him in getting through his work. Yesterday, I was out with him running a line that intersects the RR. between the house and mill. My dear Tot has been very ill with intermittent fever but is out of danger now. Tuesday Nov 12. Winter is here at last. The snow began to fall yesterday afternoon and is now several inches deep. Tom left in the 5 o'clock train this morning for Buffalo, and our breakfast bell has just rung. 13th October Nov. Yesterday I finished the second quilt, taught the children, helped preserve a half bushel of quinces, and cut out a new plaid frock for Harry Today I have been occupied in making the frock, having done everything but five of the 8 buttonholes, putting in the pocket and trimming it. Antony Clay came in about half past eight and stayed till after dinner so I could not teach the little ones. Cloudy and snowy all day. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B27_F5_I1_p040.jpg) 17th Novr Willie is four years old. Poor Mr Yarnall was telegraphed for as Elsie is ill. May God spare her to the poor parents! Elisha brought me a pansy from the flower bed. But it is cold with an inch or two of snow on the ground and more threatening. 23rd November. We have had very curious weather, damp as could be, and raw heavy fogs – the snow all gone. Tom is suffering a good deal from his neuralgia. Elsie is better. My old cook is to leave me on Wednesday. I have had two nice rides with Tom since the snow melted, down the Wilcox Road to Hays' and then along the old Sunbury & Erie RR. line to old Kane Stations, and along an old contractors road to the Smethport Road near K's boundary line. 25th Novr Elisha eleven years old today. The same queer foggy weather. 28th Steady rain last night. Jane the cook has left and now Jane Nelly is vexed by Eliza's saying that she must be sorry. I suppose servants will fight, and often wish we could either do our own work or have a New York house where one couldn't hear the fights. Decem 2. Saturday the weather became cold with a slight sprinkling of snow. A Reporter from the Erie Dispatch came on Wednesday – left Saturday ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B27_F5_I1_p041.jpg) is to return today. Yesterday, Sunday thermom- -eter 15 to 10 ab. zero. Today heavy snow. Very favorable analysis of Gas Coal reported Dec. 3. Yesterday my head ached and I thought I was going to have erysipelas. Thank God it is nothing 8th Tom has been taking the most wonderful care of me and stopping off all the draughts during the rainy windy snowy weather we are having. The men are making an ice pond down below the mill. Yesterday afternoon Tom spoke to me very seriously on the subject of our future. He says that the McK. Co. cannot last, he is even now partitioning it into lots for division among the stockhold =ers, and then his occupation is gone. To hold our property through the dead commercial time that is coming he must be earning, and he proposes to look forward to the Northwest. Of course he has nothing defined in prospect, but I must exert myself and not be a drag on him. God bless him! 12th Dearest Tom left here on Tuesday. Yesterday it was cloudy and mild and I took the children sleighing. I wrote to Aunt Ann, Helen, Aunt Alida Tom, etc, Today it is very cold & snowing hard. We killed the pigs on Tuesday. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B27_F5_I1_p042.jpg) Specifications Of the workmanship and materials required in the erection and completion of a Frame Cottage for General Kane in Sergeant Township McKean County Pennsylvania General Description The main building will be thirty five feet six inches on front, by thirty seven feet six inches deep, {with a pro= =jection of five feet six inches by twenty one feet on the Eastern flank, and a tower projecting six feet by ten feet four inches on the western side} and two stories high each ten feet in the clear. The back building will be twenty four feet six inches by twenty nine feet six inches, and two stories high each nine feet in the clear. The height of the tower and the pitch of the various portions of the roof, with the arrangement of rooms, porches, closets &c is fully explained by the drawings marked 6. upon which the several dimensions of the same are also figured. Excavations. A cellar will be dug under the full extent of the building (excepting only the porches) to the depth of seven feet clear of the joists, and foundations trenches for the cellar walls and piers at least six inches deeper than the cellar bottom and of the width marked for the walls. The foundations of porch piers will be sunk to the depth ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B27_F5_I1_p043.jpg) of three feet below the natural surface of the ground, or deeper should the nature of the ground require it to insure from injury by frost. Provide trench also for drainage of cellar _ and excavate a cesspool at a proper distance to the North and East of the building, walled and arched over with stone, (or covered with a large flat stone.) All the earth from excavations not needed in grading the grounds around the building to be carted away as also all rubbish that may be made during the progress of the work. Stone and Brick-work. All the cellar walls and piers, also the porch piers} tinted blue on the plan of cellar to be built of good quarry building stone laid on their broadest beds in good lime-and-sand mortar_ none to be less than eighteen inches thick and to conform to the plans as to position and dimension. All the inside facings to be smoothly dashed and lime= =washed: and the outside facings from the ground up line up to the leveling for sills, to be hammer dressed stone square & straight laid broken range and neatly pointed. The chimneys will all be brick: no walls between fire place and woodwork (back walls) to be less than nine inches thick; and no flues less than nine by thirteen inches, and carefully pargetted throughout their whole height with good mortar, and topped out with straight hard bricks above the roof as per drawings Provide a hearth (of marble or other suitable stone) to each fire place of not less than twenty two inches wide by ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B27_F5_I1_p044.jpg) the width of chimney front laid on the usual trimmer arches. Arch-bars for each bars fireplace of 2" x 3/8" iron eight inches longer than the opening and corked at the ends. Carpentry & Joinery. There will be a bottom sill (x) to each main wall and partition of the building, bedded in mortar on the cellar walls & piers, and these framed with and pinned together with at each intersection. The corner posts (4 x 8) and window and doorposts} double 3" x 4") will be framed and pinned into these sills at bottom, and the corner posts into a wall plate (4 x 8) at top; at the proper line for the second floor of joists the ties or joist bearers (4 x 8) will be framed into the corner posts; into these ties will the window and door=posts be framed, and all stayed with intermediate braces (3 x 4) cut in between the sills and posts ties, and the ties & plates, running diagonally from bottom to top of each story, and the framing completed by cutting and nailing in studding (3 x 4) sixteen inches between centers. The flooring joists (3 x 10) will all bear on the sills and ties; and the ceiling joists (3 x 8) on the wall plates (extending over to receive the cornices) will be notched down one inch on the same; all joists to be placed sixteen inches between centers, and each tier where the length of joist exceeds ten feet to have a course of lattice bridging through the centre. The rafters (3 x 6) will bear at bottom on a ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B27_F5_I1_p045.jpg) two by six inch raising plate firmly secured on top of ceiling joists, and those of main roof at top on a frame (of 3x10) the dimensions of the flat supported by the partitions beneath and those of back building on a ridge piece (of 3x10) No rafters to be placed more than two feet eight inches a part; all to be boarded (or lathed) for shingles, except the flat and porch and bay window roofs which will be be prepared for tin The weather boarding for the entire structure to be narrow, well seasoned or kiln dried mill worked boards free from knots shakes or sap. and will nailed to every stud with three quarter inch lap. The porches will be ceiled with mill worked boards laid smooth side down on ceiling joists (3x4) planed and chamfered. For the construction of these, the tower, cornices, bay window, window heads, and balconies, refer to the drawings made on a large scale. Felt to be nailed between weather boarding and rough boards. Floors Lay all the [-]sede floors with 4/4 mill worked well seasoned (or kiln dried) boards, the best to be selected for the Hall Parlor Boards to be not more than} Library, Dining Room and Sitting Room Four inches wide} floors, and all to be blind nailed to the Joists and afterwards smoothed off. The porch floors to be laid with 5/4 narrow well seasoned boards, and the Joints white leaded; to have a descent outwards of two inches. Hall, dining room, & Study to be cherry or cherry and alternately "ash" Stairs. The main stairs (one flight) will be made of 5/4 cherry step boards, tongued glued and blocked to the risers and let into the wall string (with paneled spandrel beneath and door on the rear for closet) the rail will be cherry <"walnut"> with 8" octagon shaft and turned cap and base, the balusters will be two and a quarter inches diameter turned ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B27_F5_I1_p046.jpg) "walnut ash or maple" of cherry or maple. The stairs over these leading to the loft (or servant's rooms if finished up). will be enclosed with a door at bottom; and the private stairs from first to second story will be neat box stairs with door at bottom, and the private stairs from first to second story will be neat box stairs with door at bottom all built in the usual way. Provide also cellar steps (inside and outside) made strong and neat, and all the outside steps required by the plan (including also steps to the rear porch not shown on the plan as their position will be influenced by local reasons_ as also the cellar entrance. Step ladder to flat. Doors. The front doors will be made folding, paneled and moulded on the outside and bead and butt inside, two and a half inches thick (of two thicknesses screwed together) hung with four by four inch butts and secured with a six inch upright mortise (rebate) lock and two iron plate flush bolts. All the other doors of first story, main building, (except closet doors) will be one and three quarter inches thick, four panel moulded on both sides, & hung with four by four inch butts and secured with four inch mortise locks. All the doors of Back building and Second Story, (except Closet doors) will be one and a half inches thick four panel and moulded & hung with 3 1/2 by 3 1/2 inch butts and secured with four inch cottage locks.; the side entrance and back kitchen entrance to have two additional bolts to each. All the closet doors, including also the doors of Pantries Milk Room and Attic will be four panel moulded on the exposed side & bead & butt on the other, hung with three and half by three and half butts and secured with approved closet locks. One attic room closeted all round_ all to have closets. Turn to end The outside cellar doors will be made of tongued [written on left side of the page] Instead of arch between back and mainbuilding _ have sliding doors, and made of cherry All the rooms to be wainscotted as high as the window in Cherry or Chesnut. Library & study to be shelved ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B27_F5_I1_p047.jpg) and grooved boards, with strong battens put on with wrought nails clenched; and hung with wrought strap hinges to 6x8 cheeks of locust or oak firmly framed together & secured with a swinging bar & hooks inside. Windows All the window frames first and second story and third story of Tower will be made for 11/2 inch sash double hung with the best cord weights and sham =axle pullies. The window from Parlor to Western Porch will be five lights high, the lower sash extending to within four inches of the floor, (its bottom rail being five inches wide) and made to fly up into the head until even with the meeting rail of the upper sash. {The windows of the gables will be hinged to open inwards and secured shut with the proper fastenings} All the balanced sash to be provided with porcelain lifts on the bottom rail, and approved fastenings securely put on at the meeting rail. The cellar windows will be hinged at top to a 3"x6" frame built in the wall secured shut with small bolts and open with hook and staple to the joists Shutters and blinds if required. All the above window frames described for first and second stories will be made with an outside shutter rebate of one and half inches. The shutters for first story will be panel, one and a half inches thick, moulded on the exposed (when open) side and bead and butt on the other and hung with three & half by three and half loose joint butts and secured by ten inch bolts and outside (open) by approved back-holders also provided with rings and staples. Those for second ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B27_F5_I1_p048.jpg) story will be close or Venetian Pivot blinds as the owner may direct & hung and secured above. The Bay window will have inside shutters, folding as shown by a full size drawing for the same (hung with the usual hinges and back flaps) into jamb soffits provided for them Closets and Pantries All the Closets, the Pantries, Medicine and Photo= graphing Rooms will be fitted up with shelvings and those intended for wardrobes to have metal hooks. Dressings. The dressings and wash boards for the principal rooms will be explained by a full size drawing: in the back building the dressings will be a simple fa[-]id and band moulding about four inches wide and the wash boards about seven inches inclusive of an inch and half moulding on the top, the last member of the dressings not to be put on until the plastering is done. The Bath Room will be neatly wainscoted with narrow boards and headed joints Roofing. All the Roof to be overlaid with shingles (except the flat on main roof and top of tower, the porch and bay window roofs which will be of tin) The shingles to be eighteen inches long and one inch less than one third their length to the weather. each slope of the main roofs to be divided into four equal parts spaces, and the first and third spaces from the bottom laid with shingles pointed at an angle of 30° with the line of the course. The shingles for this purpose not to be less than 5 inches wide. {Note. On the main roof of the western elevation the drawing represents the character of the roof above described, somewhat exaggerated however on account of the smallness of the scale; the whole of the shingle roofs should be done in this way. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B27_F5_I1_p049.jpg) The valleys, flats, and gutters to be laid with the best two cross leaded roofing tin, as also the Porch & Bay Window Roofs, painted on both sides, the upperside two coats {Provide also the iron railing for flats as represented by the drawing}. The gutters will be stop and made to convey the water to seven three inch conductors {one to each external angle of the building except the S. E. corner of the Dining Room.} put up with the proper shoes and spout stones. Discharge the water from the several Porches into these conductors by a short 2 inch pipe. Plastering. Note If the house is to be used as a summer residence alone it would be a very method to line with dry mill worked boards not exceeding four inches wide, and then paper on cheap canvas. This would make a better house too when afterwards lath & plastered. {Otherwise All the walls & ceilings {except the ceilings of porches} will receive two coats of brown mortar and one of white Cornices will be run on the ceilings of the Hall, Parlor, Library Sitting & Dining Rooms, of not less than 18 inches girt. and ornamental centre flowers of choice patterns not less two feet nor more than three feet diameter placed in the middle of each. The mortar for the plastering to be composed of fresh lime mixed in proper proportions with clean sharp sand and slaughtered hair. And all lath to be sound and free from bark. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B27_F5_I1_p050.jpg) Plumbing. A reservoir of boiler iron 5 feet diameter and four feet high to be placed in the loft as marked on the plan close to the flue from Kitchen Range, to be encased with lath & plaster leaving an air-chamber of four inches clear all around it; into this chamber a flue from the oven of the Kitchen range will be made to vent, (controlled by a damper so that the heat may pass up when not needed) to insure against freezing in the coldest weather, Supply from this reservoir the follow= =ing points, by means of 5") 8 extra strong lead pipe, having proper connections for the purpose, with the 30 gal. circulating boiler & water back of the kitchen range; In the Bath-room, the Bath-tub & wash basin, with hot & cold, and the water-closet with cold water; in the Dress= =ing Room near Library a wash basin with hot & cold, and a water closet with cold water; in the pantry and kitchen each a sink (also in Photographing room) with hot and cold water. The supply to tap the reservoir two inches from the bottom. The waste=and=overflow pipe to be each two inches diameter and discharge into the nearest rain conductor. The sinks above described will be iron enamelled with brass fixtures and the necessary waste and overflow pipes, and fitted up beneath with panelled front of [---]; the wash basins will ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B27_F5_I1_p051.jpg) be china bowls_ and countersunk marble tops with silver plated fixtures: large waste and overflow pipes; and fitted up beneath with panelled front of walnut; also the Bath tub and water-closet in the bathroom will have corresponding fronts:_ The bath-tub lined with copper tinned and to have plated fixtures and two inch overflow & waste pipe. The water closets will be the best pan to have four inch lead trap and vertical iron pipe connecting by curved joint with a six inch terra cotta pipe leading to cess pool. All the wash from sinks & bathroom to be carried off in the same manner ~ this pipe to be laid about four feet below the surface. Range Furnace A cooking range, selected by the proprietor to be set up complete in the kitchen, with water back connecting with the 30 gallon circulating iron boiler A white enamelled warm air register will be required for Parlor, Library, Dining Room & Sitting Room, and black do for the chambers over and for the Photography Room (and black for upper & lower halls) and medicine room all to have the proper dampers for controlling the heat. Set also in the position indicated by the plan a furnace of large capacity, with the proper pipes for the discharge of warm air & gas into the flues indicated for the service, including a tin flue of 8"x4" inches to the Bath Room Painting & Glazing. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B27_F5_I1_p052.jpg) Painting & Glazing. The painting will be done under the special direction of the proprietor. All the interior finish that may be done with walnut cherry or any of the hard woods will be oiled & varnished. Any other interior finish will receive three coats of white lead or linseed oil The glass will be the best American well bedded, bradded and back puttied. The numbers and sizes of the lights are all marked on the drawings Supplemental. The study to have either two or three corner bookcases_ with shelves beneath in little cupboards with panelled doors_ of cherry The library to have three bookcases as marked in plan, with panelled closets below to the height of the wainscotting. Glazed closets for China on either side the dining room Chimney, glazed above, panelled below. A door and small enclosed porch in the angle between the dining room and main building. Closets in the garrets where indicated fitted partly with drawers, partly with shelves. All the rest of the walls wainscotted to the window Dining room_ study_ and hall floors to be of such hard woods as may be indicated. Sliding doors in the arch between first and second story front and back buildings Floors of the back building tightened as indicated by Mr Laverty. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B27_F5_I1_p053.jpg) Copy July 9th 1864 I will build a horse barn for General Kane in the place in= =dicated by him like Mr Medberry's at Port Allegheny_ complete in all respects for Two Hundred Dollars by the 1st of September if I cannot before. J. A. Bright ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B27_F5_I1_p054.jpg) Decem. 31, 1864 With the understanding that Mr Lillybridge is to carry out General Kane's views regarding the gen- -eral despatch of his general business as explained to him to the satisfaction of General Kane, Gen'l Kane will credit Mr Lillybridge at the expiration of the month of January with the sums following $20. for re skidding the Cherry logs beyond the Pine and hauling them up hill. $20. for making the road from this Cherry to the main road. $40. for making a mile of road leading from the cherry beyond Valentine Glott's to the main road. $40. for clearing not less than two acres or as much ground as is needed for One Million of Logs Mr Lillybridge engaging to deposit the logs in the manner most advantageous to General Kane's interests as hereafter to be designated by General Kane_ on poles clear of the ground and at least two or three deep the ground at present cleared not to be occupied and Mr Lillybridge to be very particular about not cutting any trees not indicated by General Kane. Thomas L Kane. After this I added that if Mr Lillybridge made any other road or roads which I decided to consider as a main road, I would give him at the rate of $40. a mile_ if he considered that enough. He answered me that he did. Mr Lillybridge considers it ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B27_F5_I1_p055.jpg) most advantageous to his interests that Gen. Kane shd. do a heavy business beyond the capacity of the mill to saw [---] winter, and therefore favoring the deposit of logs to be drawn to the Mill by plank road from a point nearer the logs to be furnished than the Mill is, considers it for his interest to make up the difference by putting up the logs in good shape and carefully avoiding to General Kane's directions_ but two and three deep and no more unless Mr Lillybridge can conveniently do so Signed Thomas L. Kane Signed Lowell L. Lillybridge Witness Jane Nelson ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B27_F5_I1_p056.jpg) New York and Erie RR. R. H. Berdell Hugh Riddle Esq. Elmira Good Sept. Rose RR. John Arnott Elmira John S. Beggo Esq. Sept. Bont[-]n H[--]rrison Erie RR Dunkirk Daniel Drew. N. Y. H. C. Perk S Charles Minot Gregory Canningham Genl Howard Buffalo. Rev. De Pew. Buffalo. Lockhard Aydien J. T. Henry Hea[-] J. K. Constock Atlantic & Great Western. RR. - names through W. Wood. Stanley Mc L. W. Gifford Esq. B. B. & P. RR. people at Buffalo. Write with 6 copies to be circulated to advantage by Wattes Wood, Helen Watts, Jas Wood. Rochester. Syracuse Ask Wilmarth, Souther & Willis, Sesley, for names. S. Field also. D. Kingsbury, Whiting. Cr Phillips W[-]sport J. D. Potts, J. A. Wilses. A. J. Carratt W. A. Baldwin Genl Kane Erie J. J. Lawrence Col. Campbell Alfred L Tyler. Esq. Lombaert. G. B. Roberts, T. A. Scott Simon Cameron. W H L. Smith Downer oil works Corry W. A. Irvine. W. H. Dyckman. [-]. T. Molrich <[---]> Wilson, Oh. L[-]hr Esq St W[-]ngs J. W. Kennard Er[---] Chief A. G. W. RR. N. Y.. Genl H.W. Hren[-] Syracuse ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B27_F5_I1_p057.jpg) Alsop m[---] Ruggles Em. Howard Sergeant Weber Ruggles N Y. Caldwell May [-] Patterson Horton [--]-y I: Wel[-]arth Witmarth Elk Co Pa C. Luhr S Mary’s “ “ “ O R. Easly W W Ma[-]iren P. Jarrett L. A. Ma[--]ay P.M. Perce Sockhaven Pitt Cooke Sandusky Jay Cooke Philada. Pitt Cooke Sandisky Ohio D. Casenent Princeville Ohio T. Struthers Warren Pa S. Struthers. L D witmore Eng Curtis, Johnson Judge William[-] Judge White Ga[-]. Read w. a. Nicholls S. I. Leifer E. [-] Biddle D[--]ie Col. W[--]t [-]orst Co. Hon I.G. Gordon Ponteville W. G. Morehead. Philada. Hon J. K. Morehead, Pottsbury Hon. W. D. Kelly Hon Edgar Cowen: Hon Gd. W. Scofield. Hon Warren Cowles. Hon Ep[--]ray B. Eldred W. Prr[--]te Laneth Bals of Ohio RR. C. Thompsen Esq. Erie Felton Jenl. H. Haupt ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B27_F5_I1_p058.jpg) Buffalo & Huron RR. D. Rechmond by B[--] Buffalo & Erie RW. Buffalo. J. Sear’s Gerat Dept [----] E. RW. Buffalo. H. W. Chilleaster Supt. Buffalo Lockport & Niag. Falls RR. Buffalo. [-] J. S. P. Chase Washington Chas J. Brydges Manager Grand M[---] RW. Montreal, Canada Hon. R. C. Gres Supreme Court Washington Philada Alf James Wood Esq. Lepro[--] Linda J. Grob Ins Co. N. Y. Colonel John W. Forrey. Philadelphia G. W. Child 3rd & Chestnut Phila Morton McMichael Jr. Esq. Geo. Roberts Smith Esq. Philada. Samuel L. Taylor Esq. 2d & Walnut St Mrs. A N. R. Constable 1304 Walnut St Phila Hon E. K. Price W. J. I: Carpenter Chesnut bel 9th Phila William Wood Jr. Care of Dr. Prince Northhampton Mars. Hon W. P. Mlean Pt. Allegheny. McKean Co Pa Mag. Gel Silas Carey Washington Horace Greely N.Y Chas A. Dana Chicago Find [-] D Reyster Esq N Y. General Meade. Philada E.M [---] Carter Hanway Jatobe Pa Gov. Dennison And. Johnson It. J. S. Black [sketch with words on it] Jay Buchares A Dios, old Hoss ! ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B27_F5_I1_p059.jpg) H Croskey & Co. [sketch of a tree] Delaware Avenue bel Green Philada H Pomeroy Clark Bros Boston C S S Lennox 54 Wm Street New York L A Macks Meur Oliver [-] Bacon Erie Pa ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B27_F5_I1_p060.jpg) Cherry Jan 27 1866 Old [-]oons New 157 100 255 476 189 153 285 157 153 285 100 204 157 133 229 133 180 100 285 Jan. 27. 1866 75 204 118 284 50 229 180 236 M. Koons 375.38 17.438 204 139 285 337 M. Glott 175.77 17.551 256 139 236 2243 133 117 172 McArdle 102.85 22.967 236 139 192 Recap. $416.00 4746 236 157 153 1903 192 1903 2263 2600 Pd. J. Barnes $20 9249 $6=55.484 4746 346 204 414 1903 153 204 133 2263 6649 3683 2006 204 88 346 2243 55.49 old 9255 209 100 153 81.89x10=81.89 172 285 379 $137.38 152 229 346 88 256 132 157 379 259 256 102 88 180 118 236 414 133 157 180 118 526 152 180 414 4746 204 3683 2600 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B27_F5_I1_p061.jpg) Jan. 27. 1866 Whitewood M. Glott Hemlock Mc Ardle Hemlock From Glotts McArdle fallen 631 414 285 523 229 118 180 Recap. 652 526 170 523 229 284 285 3397 999 609 346 259 100 335 256 3038 365 414 229 152 180 192 180 2733 365 365 285 379 192 346 229 2970 3367 414 609 172 414 204 256 117 3431 284 450 172 229 335 229 335 3086 892}999 256 136 180 256 346 945 22967 792}414 379 204 256 346 88 4 1/2 744}379 892 157 136 335 450 91368 1148 691 285 792 229 346 335 335 $102.85[-] 609 229 744 192 346 335 285 204 180 4722 3397 2733 3367 3086 609 337 Recap. 285 214 157 204 old 5823 284 5823 at 9 52.407 180 335 346 285 new 414 11728 7 2 335 256 137 172 4722 337 16.450 157 229 256 284 at 7 1/2 153 115.15 133 256 100 945 4822 118 123.37 172 180 558 153 346 157 259 new 123.37 999 old 52.40 229 229 414 1470+60 $175.77 229 133 335 1470+60 153 180 88 11608+120 133 137 117 120 11728 457 379 285 229 285 379 3038 2970 3431 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B27_F5_I1_p062.jpg) Feb 3 M'Ardle 34.50 Hemlock a 4.50 Sum 285 204 285 285 204 214 379 136 284 256 335 379 3931 3657 204 204 609 204 180 192 5467 3468 139 285 390 285 310 172 3408 2476 609 379 450 337 256 153 2951 609 487 414 229 192 346 3075 4998 133 214 567 346 180 335 3160 310 346 594 256 229 567 2805 414 285 652 285 256 118 39356 487 526 285 379 394 229 256 379 414 346 133 335 558 192 526 3931 3657 5467 3468 3408 2476 153 337 526 285 394 136 118 144 180 163 204 180 609 340 335 346 102 450 180 335 335 229 180 285 229 489 405 652 229 335 180 379 379 284 192 117 346 379 284 133 285 285 450 214 172 285 285 487 229 204 285 180 457 365 180 136 229 285 285 133 2951 3075 4998 3160 2805 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B27_F5_I1_p063.jpg) New Cut Glott Koons Cherry @ $7 cherry old @ 7.50 336 157 346 157 118 285 652 372 346 157 229 346 16,801 204 180 744 157 236 102 153 379 136 204 489 157 236 458 153 214 157 W.W. 285 652 379 792 $9. per M from his fallow 133 214 102 946 346 285 285 153 133 240 259 172 567 133 792 136 153 153 229 229 172 192 346 117 153 284 256 526 180 102 192 335 133 172 153 229 139 214 157 285 259 256 450 526 118 256 284 256 153 192 180 697 214 487 192 133 229 172 214 652 136 285 172 285 346 214 133 3775 744 192 414 229 192 256 5173 487 3018. 4905. 3714. 3502. 204 236 450 8948 526 236 479 236 214 157 256 346 8948 229 285 229 546 180 5018 5898 157 180 214 4905 256 256 180 285 157 3590 3714 50 259 214 3527 414 172 346 336 551 3502 551 Sum 102 256 204 35653 100 335 487 189 ch 458. w 8746 100 172 118 744 192 414 229 3898 172 192 157 792 450 180 256 3590 3527 204 450 285 118 414 180 379 3502 3714 285 425 346 425 526 180 346 4905 256 425 256 567 236 346 379 3018 35.358 229 487 346 335 229 259 200 551 4602 5688 6140 180 567 310 346 35.909 4602 8746 3898. 3590. 3527. 5688 157 16587 8948 8948 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B27_F5_I1_p064.jpg) Glott had 804 ft Hemlock timber. M'Ardle had 34.50 paid Barrett 35.909 750 1795450 Koons Koons 117.60 251363 16.807 Glott 277 82 269.31,750 851 Glott $117.607 M'Ardle 17710 277.82 $572.52 946 900 851.400 $277.82 Glott M'Ardle 39.356 450 1967800 B. says [-]el McArdle 978.83 157424 $177.10.200 Glott 1139.06 Koons 541 114.016 98.242 437.558 9 9 9 3938.022 1026.144 884.178 5 1969. 513.07. 442.89 2 5 3 2 9 1013 33 978 83 Thru were 59 old Cherry _3 not handed = 56 gners. 11 a 12 M. 934.50 44 2 1/2 9,684 88 17449 22 27.233 $110 4.172 4 052 6 316 3 148 44 821 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B27_F5_I1_p065.jpg) Thomas L. Kane in acc with J. & P. Mc Ardle Dv. Cv. Jan 5. To 11.679 Hemlock 52.55 12 4.755 21 39 20 5.315 5.311 23.92 27 22.967 102.85 Feb 3 39.356 177 10 10 141.228 635 52 17 114.016 115.845 513 67 24 98.242 442 80 437.558 or 49 Add 600 as if error 438.158 2.70 438.158 _ Feb. 28. Add Logs to date (34.475) 155 13 472.533 at 4 1/2 2127 35 Dec. 23. By advances to date $300. & $350 650 Jan. 5 Cash 52.55 12 21.39 20 102.85 Feb. 3 177.10 10 Per Mr J. L. Morrison. 601,02. Barrett 34.50 635.52 24 Iron & Loneth Dorotk. to Jan 8. $12.60 Feb. 21. 8.35 20.95 " 12 bu. Oats at 65 c 7.80 26 Cash 100 00 " " By Balance 201 16 Feb. 28 " Meat Feb. 27. 190 lbs Feb. 28. 115 lbs meat at $1.80 1909.32 27 Shoeing 30 c. 5.49 3 " Paid Order Frances Otrang 48 " By Balance 295.70 Feb. 28 In the tally of logs for Feb 17. the 9 is probably a 3. Credit for 600 shd therefore be given to the McArdles. With this [-]noctition then is no error in adding up in their favor J D Bunes ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B27_F5_I1_p066.jpg) Glott Whitewood 14701. 3031 18.107 5823 16450 (Copy) 946 35653 Received Mar. 20. 1866 One Hundred 42.773 and Seven 28/100 dollars in addition to the payments 30.780 15 444 of March 1, 1866 which were in full settlement_ and 181.708. the gratuity presented at that time Cherry. 1080 J. Mc Ardle 2497 458 6278 2002 4666 16.981 Received March 1. 1866 of Thomas L. Kane Two Hundred and Ninety Five Dollars and Seventy Cents payment in full of the Balance due us on final settlement of our account for hauling logs this day. Received also our Promissory Note & Bill of Sale. security for $650 advanced. Received also One Hundred and Four Dollars and thirty cents gratuity, we satisfying J. D. Barnes that all our hands are paid in full. John Mcardle Patrick Mcardle [inserted stamp on the bottom left side of page] U.S. INTER. REVENUE 5 5 5 5 CERTIFICATE [note inserted at bottom of page] Mar 1. /65 Returned Genl. Kane the Bill of Sale as security for the above amounts_ with the understanding that it is to be of no effect after we produce vouchers to his satisfaction that we have paid all hands to date P Mcardle John Mcardle ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B27_F5_I1_p067.jpg) Thomas L. Kane in acct. with M. Glott Dr. Cr. To Jan. 13. 14701. Whitewood at $71/2 110 257 3031 WW. from G's fallow 90 27 28 20 1080 Cherry at 71/2 (first) 8.10 2497 " at 8 19 98 18107 Whitewood at $71/2 135 80 27 "17.551." viz 5823 from G. Fallow at $9 52 41 16450 at $71/2 123 37 Feb. 3 old Cherry 458 feet 71/2 3.42 WW from fallow. 946 at $9 8.52 WW. 35.653 at 71/2 267.39 10 old Cherry 6278 at 71/2 47.13 New Cherry 2002 at 9 18 01 42.773 Whitewood at 71/2 299 41 17 30.780 (or 24.989) at 71/2 230.85 24 Old Cherry 4666 at 71/2 35 Whitewood. 15444 at 71/2 115.83 1503.07 1425.21 Dec 18. By. Advances to date (inclusive of old Acc. unsettled) 77.86 200 To Jan 13 "Pd. Cash $133. 133 20 163.96 163.96 27 175.77 175.77 Feb. 3 277.82 277.82 10 385.96 385.96 1 Lumber, Smithing &c. 54.55 34.15 88.70 To Balance $77.86 77.86 1503.07 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B27_F5_I1_p068.jpg) Received Feb. 26. 1866 the preceding Balance of Account in full to date viz. $77.86 and $22.18 advanced in all One Hundred Dollars $100._ Michael Glott Koons Whitewood Old Cherry 1264 16070 9255 3285 10.519 at 6 = $63.114 19355 New Cherry. 81 89 16 587 21,107 13 051 19,502 78.536 78540 Fallow. 556 at 21/2 13.90 Cherry 89.591 862.41 Mar. 3. 1866 P. [-]. M. Glott. gratuity $100.~ ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B27_F5_I1_p069.jpg) Thomas L. Kane in acct. with M. Koons Dr. Cr. 1865 Jan. 13. To 16070 old Whitewood K at 2 1/2 40.17 1235 20 .. 556 Cherry old (fallow) at 2 1/2 $1 39 12361 Hemlock at 2 1/2 30 90 1264 Cherry old_ at 6. 7 58 3285 Old Whitewood K. at 21/2 8 21 27 9255 Old Cherry at 6. 55.53 8189 New at 10. 81.89 Feb. 3 16.587 .. Cherry at 10. 165 87 10 21107 " Cherry at 10 211 07 26.759 " Hemlock at 2 1/2 64.89 17 13.051 Cherry at 10 130.51 24 19602 Cherry " 196 02 " 2665 Hemlock at 2 1/2 6 66 4693 c 11 73 1012 42 27 By Pd. Barnes' video for Real $37 846 Mar 1. By P.d Ordias Cornelius $48.47 McKean 30.20 160.42 78.67 Pd. Momrir $20, Meese $15 35 Agreed to pay one cord $48. To Ferris 76.50 Warner 54.58 209 08 Stronbridge $24 Haffner $12. 311 75 160 42 151 33 [inserted equation on left side of page] 48 7050 54.58 24 12 $48.98 78.67 35 262.65 20 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B27_F5_I1_p070.jpg) McArd Warner LardOil 2.18 per gl. 41 1/2 in Bbl. Freight on Oil 4.50 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B27_F5_I1_p071.jpg) My dear Sir: With the high personal regard which I entertain for yourself and your brother it wd be improper in me to proceed against persons in your employ as if they were strangers to me. I send therefore Mr. Burlingame with this to say that any person being instructed to refusal as Ins[---]rs I desire to regulate the course which the refusal of yr parties to cease being [---] I. to day makes it mean[--]t on me to adopt by a strong regard as possible all convenient conformity to yr. common sense and feelings. Very [--]y yr obdt servt Th L. K. S. Bishop Esqre Messrs Linthr & Milles. My dear Lor Gentlemen Notice found by me to the parties the Kingan Parition Co to cease boring until I sd measure the depth allowed at their different borings I am entrusted by my Company to treat them as trespassers I send the bearer to be Being desirous of acting with energy & dispatch I send the bearer to be fully [---] by you as to my [---]ysts and his duties. I shall direct him to act for me regards, yr obdt servt Th L. K. Messrs W.B Esq. Shall. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B28_F1a_I1_p001.jpg) EDK TO TLK Thursday 14th February 1868 My dear love, It is better to run the risk of this scrawl wandering over the world than to miss writing you today. Friday has come and gone with no telegram from the N. Y. & E. people. Amen! God bless and watch over us both and make us cheerful, and content with His will! Darling love I fear you will only have disappointment to meet with in Washington, but I am sure God will not desert us. If I could only comfort you with my love! It is a little comfort to you ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B28_F1a_I1_p002.jpg) I am so glad to see by your sweet letter that you believe that I do love you and would follow you to the world's end. My pet and darling, as if I could ever be happy parted from you! We go to Walter's on Monday Your own Bess ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B28_F1a_I1_p003.jpg) Suit against Daniel Drew Treasurer of Erie RR Co ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B28_F1a_I1_p004.jpg) [Tribune, Feb. 18.] The Erie Railway Compa- ny, after an interval of five years, has passed into the hands of the courts. The proceedings, commenced before Judge Barnard, are to compel the settlement of loans made with its officers, which, the complainant al- leges, were a breach of trust. The loan in ques- tion is the one made by Daniel Drew, the Treasurer of the Company, for which he accepted, as collateral, convertible bonds at 60, re- ceiving 7 per cent. on the loan. As a bonus on the loan, the Trustees gave the favor of converting these bonds into stock, thus giv- ing the Treasurer, not only 7 per cent. on his loan, but the profits to be made on the use of 58,000 shares of the stock. What this profit would be can be estimated by those conversant with the Treasurer's profits as a speculator in, and the con- troller of the market for Erie shares. This litiga- tion is one in which all holders of share property are interested, and the courts cannot settle too soon the limits by which parties holding confi- dential positions can trade upon the wants of the Com- panies, whose financial in- terests are placed in their charge. The investigation of this will naturally bring to light the history of nu- merous transactions in Erie stock, by which those in the secrets of management are made rich, the street fleeced, and the property of the shareholders deprecia- ted. It is asserted that a legal investigation will show that where Erie common stock was selling above par large sales were made for the purpose of paying for cars, engines, &c, and that upon a sudden break in the market the stock was bought in for the benefit of the seller, who gave the Company a very small pro- portion of the sales ostensi- bly made for its benefit. The present suit is not a stock-jobbing affair, but is brought in the interest of holders who are at a loss to see why a corporation which receives over $14,000,000 per annum yields no income to its shareholders, while its managers and employes steadily increase in wealth. [Tribune, Feb. 19] "The Erie injunction" issued by Judge Barnard is interpreted upon the street as a speculative movement, and attracts little attention. The Treasurer of the Com- pany stands upon his con- tract, which, before execu- tion, was submitted to, and approved of by, as eminent counsel as have thus far called it into question. The subject is of great interest, and the public expects to see it fully examined. That Mr. Drew has loaned the Erie Road large sums of money, keeping it from protest when his associates refused any assistance, is a fact known to all. That he, in common with other rail- way officials, operates heav- ily in stocks, is also un- doubted. The point at issue is, whether in his negotiations with the Com- pany he has violated his obligations as a trustee. Mr. Drew has hit upon an expedient for ob- viating any arrangement which would involve the co-operation of the Erie Company with Mr. Vanderbilt's combination scheme. He now proposes a combination of his own, by which the Michigan Southern Road is to lay a third rail on its track, enabling broad and narrow gage cars to be run from the Long Dock to Chicago, the Erie Company engaging to pro- ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B28_F1a_I2_p001.jpg) E.D.K. to T.L.K. 2/17/68 Sunday February 17/68 My own darling, You will not hear from me tomorrow as I am to go down to Walter's. Please direct to me at 42 Pine Street now. I feel a constraint in writing to you from not knowing how you fare. The more I think of it the less appears the probability of your success, and I keep trying to be willing to wait God's will in cheerful patience. But you, my own darling, whose part is to act, how hard it is for you to work in vain. God comfort and help you! ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B28_F1a_I2_p002.jpg) I wish I could ensure your not over taxing yourself! I wish you could know how much greater your power is for the trifling rests you take, and that you would resolve to do no more than other men, knowing what your life and health are to me and our young children. What is right? Life is such a puzzle Certainly God gives worldly pros- =perity just as He pleases, and many work hard like you, and drag weary bodies while others step into easy posts. I l am constantly tempted to be envious _ for instance seeing hulking Alfred Rell Jr. rich and lazy, while my darling is threatened with poverty and devoured with care. It seems to me ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B28_F1a_I2_p003.jpg) as if the Bible teaching would be that you should not work and care so much that it interferes with your bodily and spiritual health as your ceaseless work certainly does. I know you will remind me how certainly also my 1000 a year plan would have failed, and ask where we would have been but for your work. Which is true, I know, but oh my sweet love, God cannot mean that a man's life is to be borne down with sadness as yours is. When I saw your precious face coming out of the N.Y. & Erie office it made my heart ache, you looked so stunned Try in this matter of A. not to work more than your health x Alaska Arctic exploration? ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B28_F1a_I2_p004.jpg) admits. Your utmost efforts can- -not secure it, except the Lord will, so do not try beyond your strength. I know this sounds uncheering, but indeed I must pray you to try to restore your health, as the one priceless wealth to us all. Husband, house -band I believe it means, what would we be without you? ('Maybe it was ("House-bound" -K. I sent you Collins' letter. He will be awfully disappointed poor fellow, won't he? There are two or three letters here of no great im- -portance but requiring answers I cannot write, so I will carry them to Walter's. We are well. Poor G.B. Watts is just the same as ever Your loving Bess ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B28_F1_I1_p003.jpg) May 10, 1870 alida Van R. Kane Constable What am I to say! This offering has taken me by surprise, I wrote you on the recpt of yrs this morng only having read it once hurriedly_ but frequently since_ You must permit me to return it, either by Express or per Mrs Thomas_ my mind & heart are fill'd with associations, I cannot express: known only to the searcher of hearts. It is very beautiful in its new dress, may you & yours long live to enjoy these mementos of my very dear Mother, & hand them down to posterity of your own kindred, & thus descend_ In conversation with Mrs Patterson Senr I said without thought you were a "Kane" dear Bessie, I felt frigh= ten'd when I heard myself utter it_ it is too true, to gratify my belov'd nephew you would even cheerfully part with this_ do not say nay, it must go home[-] They were presented to Mother by some old friend, I think by the same person who gave her the Chain [extra text on the right side] Feby. 20. 1868 1868 To Nov. 18, 1870 Oct 4, 1870 young's Son s answer back ing governorship f Utah. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B28_F1_I1_p004.jpg) and locket, which came to me, & I gave to E.K.K Wetherill (as namesake) with the old, old Camels hair shawl — You don't understand what a porringer is_ you may see mine before it goes to the Dr or at farthest after_ It is growing dark_ With every testimonial of love from an unfeigned [--] heart y[-]s Aunt A. V. R Constable May 10th /70 6 O'Clock. When I am gone remember the date of this letter_ ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B28_F1_I1_p005.jpg) Feby. 20. 1868 1868 To Nov. 18, 1870 e Oct 4, 1870 young's Son s answer back ing govenorship f Utah. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B28_F1_I1_p006.jpg) [letter partially covered] and to E. the O a po befor after fro[-] V da[-] ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B28_F1_I1_p007.jpg) Feby. 20. 1868 1868 To Nov. 18, 1870 See Oct 4, 1870 Brig' young's son carries answer back declining governorship of Utah. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B28_F1_I1_p011.jpg) TYPED IN LARGE 3 RING NOTEBOOKS 1 (3) COPIED FOR E. KENT KANE 1868 1868 Feb. 1971 by MRS TERRY LORD South Orange N.J. Feb 20th 1868 DAWN ABBEY LORD-CYCLONE I often say that when events occur in my life I don't keep diary. It was on the 13th of January we left home and Tom asked me to keep a careful journal, and this is the first word! This should be enough to prove that these five weeks have been eventful. They have been, and have not. That is, it is the hush of expectation disappointment and anxiety. There is plenty of black sky_ is there sunshine beyond, or a storm about to break? I am looking to see Tom today, and would while away the time. Some weeks before we came down, I had a talk with Tom. I was always jealous of his poring over books on the Arctic Regions, fearing that he desired to go there, to prove the truth of all Elisha had discovered and by a great sacrifice of his own life to atone to Elisha's memory for having been forced to sorrow instead of being only proud of him. I thought too that Tom was instinctively a wanderer and that having fought through his ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B28_F1_I1_p012.jpg) trials and seen his home, he wanted "fresh fields and pastures new." Some remark of mine led to his telling me the truth, which he had been grieving over, that instead of peace and plenty opening before us, it was poverty he was seeking to escape: that the McK & E. Co. were going to be forced to break up, and that there was nothing to be squeezed out of our country. That there was a chance now of getting a RRoad through to our mines, and of selling them, a thing which need not be concealed if we were going away. That he would have one last try yet - would try to get this Railroad through; and if there was a chance, would try to get the government of Aliaska. It seemed so wild a scheme, so dismal a pros= =pect, that I struggled against it long until he was driven to showing me that we could not live on at Kane and that this was the only thing he could hope for. Once convinced I have yielded entirely. I was wounded by finding he proposed leaving me behind, and ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B28_F1_I1_p013.jpg) Bessie is now visiting her sister & bro. at S. Orange, N.J. my silence hurt him. But he knows now how entirely I love him, and is agreed that we shall not part on earth. We came down here, and my dearie has lavished on me all the little tender marks of his love he could give to show me he was glad of our re-betrothal. Every one tries to make our visit pleasant, though they do not know we are bidding them farewell. The hope of getting the RR. through, and selling, has gone, and we have lost time, money, and much work of "my man's" upon it. From Washington he writes that our hopes of Aliaska are faint and long-to-be-deferred before we can know. And my dearest is bowed to the earth with care, and I here fight and pray, not always with success, to beat down Envy and Covetousness. Sitting quietly in luxury, hearing laments over losses out of income more than our principal I sometimes feel choked. God forgive me, and help me to rejoice with them that do rejoice. And may He help my darling! ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B28_F1_I1_p014.jpg) *KANE'S Mill BURNED FEB. 24, 1868 We came here from Helen's on Monday, and are as happy as my twin demons give me leave to be. Sabina is as sweet as she can be. 24th February Our mill burned! April 1. Reached Kane again _ a lovely April day ending in dreary rain, and Tom very sick and the house looking dismal. April 6. It has been very stormy_ Tom is rather better, but Harry very sick with catarrh fever. Jim and Lizzie go to housekeeping to- -day. The four inches of snow of yesterday are melting gradually, and chickens are clucking. We found on the 3rd the hyacinths, tulips, lilies and columbine above ground. Tom has ended his McK. & E. division work. April 7 Harry is mending. It has snowed all day, but the gutters show thaw. The servants are washing, and I playing nurse _ Tom writing busily in bed about Alaska and Harry is in her bed doing a little worsted work. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B28_F1_I1_p015.jpg) Alaska-lecture April 8. Snow storm still, and very fierce. Tom and Harry are both better. Tom busy on his Alaska and Circumpolar Lecture, I wrote for seeds, sewed and minded the children. April 9. Brilliant sunshine, but very cold: the snow at least six inches deep. Had the roof and gutter spouts cleared: tacked up pictures in the parlour, finished my dress, wrote to Helen, Bessie and Aunt Ann. Read Old Mortality aloud in the evening. April 10 Tom and Harry stationary. Woke to find it snowing hard_ must be nearly six inches deep. Thomas has got a box ready for my mignonette seeds. Taught the children, dusted the rooms, cut out the sacque for my dress. Read aloud in the evening April 11 Fine drizzle in the morning followed by thaw, and sunshine. I am bothered about the milk which the cook does not properly attend to and which will be too much for Martha if I tried her with it. ~ Tom and Harry are both better, but Tom works too steadily on his Alaska paper. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B28_F1_I1_p016.jpg) 1868 April 12 Easter Sunday. Yesterday's sunshine lasted about an hour then came raw cloudy March weather, and heavy rain at night. Woke to find it snowing hard. Last night we sat up late, I having persuaded Tom to let me help him finish copying out his Alaska lecture April 13 A lovely day though cold. I did not get any work of my own done at all as I had to see 1 Campbell_ Ague Patient_ 2 Turbey To pay me $50.28. 3 S. A. Parson who wanted me to give him a cheque for $55. in exchange for the same in cash. 4. P. Monson who claimed $19.50 for 13 cords of wood cut last August, 5. Monroe Robinsen who wanted $104.60 for Hay. 6 T. Bell who wanted a lease of Flanders. Having disposed of these I saw Mr. Yarnall, and helped Tom during the rest of the day to prepare for his departure He left me in the night train for Harrisburg After that I don't know where he will go. April 14. Each summer that we have been here we have had wild flowers but this year there is snow several inches deep over all but the sunniest spots while there was at sunrise ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B28_F1_I1_p017.jpg) Letter from Utah deligate HOOPER? a keen frost. However, there is beautiful sun- -shine which is a blessing. There are two letters one from Souther, Willis & Souther claiming $66 of the Road Commissioners, the other from Hooper the Delegate from Utah full of thanks to Tom Apr. 15. I wrote too soon. yesterday as by twelve we had a cold windy rain that made us uncomfortable and spoiled the drying of the clothes. It was continued through the night. I taught the children yesterday and today and yesterday, kept them busy helping me empty and clean one of my closets Today I sewed on my sack, measured cur= =tains, and, as the day was glorious over= =head though the strong wind threatens rain, I took the elder children to the post-office with me, and through the hotel Coming back _ although neither sun nor rain have driven away the snow that lies in the woods Har[-] Harrie found a yellow violet our first flower of the year. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B28_F1_I1_p018.jpg) *Reads EKK <1st> arctic voyage good criticism. 16th Yesterday afternoon it rained. This morning is mild and rainy with a warm wind. Every day I get something done towards putting the house in order for the summer, but it is fearfull dull without Tom, and I get tired out physi =cally so that I cannot keep on working when night comes and I don't know how to get through the evening. 17th Just before dinner yesterday I took the chil- -dren out. The frogs were making a wonder -ful noise, and some of them were really pretty from the clear brightness of their colours. After dinner I sewed while Harry read. In the evening I read Elisha's first Arctic * Voyage aloud. The children seemed interested, but they cannot read it themselves. I fancy a book for the million could be made up from it that would be far more interesting. Scientific terms, and unnecessarily long words abound. I think, too, there are too many references to places in far off parts of the world, as if E K. K. were trotting them out. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B28_F1_I1_p019.jpg) Today the barometer has risen a little. Wrote to old Mr Blair. It has been an April day of cloud, rain and sunshine. I drove up to town to see a sick child. Made a lam= =brequin for the wide window in the Tower. 18th Very cold, too cold to snow as it would otherwise. We are trying to use the old parlour as a school room, as the dining room smokes too much but the want of any way of shutting the heat off from upstairs makes this room too cold. Elisha's pigeon, Lizzie, is dead. (Elisha is 11, will be 12 next Nov. 25th) 19th April. Raw and threatening. Carried the children out for a walk soon after breakfast to help them through with the long day. 20th Busy as a bee_ weeding in the morning, sewing and teaching afterwards. Rain nearly all day. Old Mr Wilcox died on the 13th 21st Passed very pleasantly. The morning mist cleared off into an April day. We weeded at the strawberry bed, before ten. Then the children said their lessons unusually well, (Note: NO SCHOOL THEN 1868) ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B28_F1_I1_p020.jpg) as it was the 15th anniversary of my wedding day. I went over the bundle of cancelled cheques comparing it with our bank balance. Then Harrie and I walked up to the post office, and stopped at the town school on our return. Miss Bond says she had from 60 to 70 scholars. this winter. In the afternoon I cut and measured my yellow curtains, and made one pair in the sewing machine (the red ones I made on Saturday and Monday.) Mrs Hubbard called, Mr Yarnall drank tea with us, I received two letters from Tom at Washington in good spirits. He had had pleasant inter= =views with Sumner, Shott and Walker. I then wrote to him and so to bed. 22d April. Woke with a headache, having lain long awake revolving various housekeeping matters. I am prone to forget that my duty is to be housekeeper and that it probably will be all my life. I am tempted to shirk scolding through cowardice_ and I had to work myself up to an overhauling of cookish wastefulness. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B28_F1_I1_p021.jpg) 1868 I thought if I gave in and stayed in bed I would only have it hanging over my head. So I did it the first thing. This is a good cook to practise scolding on, she takes it without being saucy. __ That done I went with Lyly to plant our seeds and bulbs wh. came last night. The day was heavenly just such as Mignon sang, "A gentle wind from deep blue heaven blows The myrtle thick and high the laurel grows." I took my sewing on the piazza while the children studied their lessons beside me, and Tommy the pigeon cooed and strutted from one to the other. I basted four more yellow curtains or rather five, and hemmed to the right size six dotted muslin ones. With half an hour at the strawberry beds tea time came. Then I put the little ones to bed, and sat down to write my diary. I shall either mend a nightgown or if Thomas brings the letters in time I shall write to Tom. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B28_F1_I1_p022.jpg) 23rd. Rained part of the day, and cleared up cold at night. Worked in the strawberry bed, sewed curtains and taught. Had butter and soap made. Letters from Tom, still at Willard's yesterday, in good spirits and by no means anxious to go to the McK & E. business. The poor McK & E! They think it of great importance, and so do I, but I am deter= =mined Tom shall have his own way for once uninterfered with by me. 24th Gloomy and cold. Gave the children holiday as they promised Jane to put away their toys. From breakfast till ten I was busy putting my store-room in order_ only getting one third done_ and transferring the medicines to the school room closet. At half past ten I went to the strawberry bed, and worked till three_ far too long but I thought the raw gloomy day too precious to be lost. I near= =ly finished the fifth compartment of one of the long beds. There is about three times as much to do. I wonder if they will ever ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B28_F1_I1_p023.jpg) 1868 be done! After dinner Miss Barrett called, and after she left I sat down to sew one of the lace curtains. Mr Yarnall came to take leave summoned down by telegraph, and stayed to tea. I was obliged to go to bed, as soon as he left with a bad headache. Tom's letter received tonight says "I saw Collins who began a story of woes. Insurance Companies won't pay Insurance. Watts will not let Partition go through &c &c." 25th Rainy and sleety_ Busied on my lace curtains, and in making up yellow ones. I hung a pair of the yellow ones in the brown room and was charmed with the effect. We walked to the post office. No letter from Tom this day. Went round with Landrigan to see where the stumps should come out. Harry read Pen= =dennis aloud in the evening, both children being too disgusted with the idea of Tom's going on the Arctic Expedition to read Elisha's book with patience. They evidently think he will go in the end, and would oppose it with their tiny force. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B28_F1_I1_p024.jpg) 26th A perfectly glorious day, beginning with a white frost and having a west wind but an exquisite sky. Took the elder children to church, then came dinner and a stroll to "Lake Nasby" as they call the pool by the RR At 4 P.M. I came in and wrote to Tom till tea time. After tea till dark we sang and repeated hymns. Then the little ones went to bed, and we elders sat down to write. 27th Another lovely day though the barometer is falling. Very busy. Had a Swede boy at work on my strawberry bed, had Thomas and our horses and oxen and four men all at work on the stumps with the machine. So much for out of doors. Indoors I got the women spirited up to finish their washing, I had interviews with Reeves the plasterer Ott the carpenter, Okerlind Johnson and a would be settler. Sewed away on my curtains most of the day, and walked to the post office, Wrote to Tom and to the paperhanger. My darling writes that the McK & E. folks ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B28_F1_I1_p025.jpg) are in very low spirits and he must stay to cheer them up. 28th Lovely_ headachily so! Harry found the first Northern Star "Erythrominine" I believe. Not a sign of green yet on the trees. The same men still at work on the stumps, the same boy on the strawberry bed. Indoors I quilled a piece of ribbon to trim Harry's new frock which I cut out and basted, made the pocket and the piping so that if my sewing woman comes tomorrow I may get as much done as possible. Harry Elisha and I_ but principally the children, took out all the nails from the carpets, so that the plasterers and paper hangers may have free swing when they come. Aunt Ann sent me up two bureaus, Helen several things I had asked her to buy and Tom some butter, I guess. 29th Rained all day. The women busy taking up the carpets, and I making Harry's new frock and cutting out the sack. Wrote to Tom at night ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B28_F1_I1_p026.jpg) papering woes 30th Warm showers all day, the trees seeming to have their buds swelling as one looked. I think Barnes Ryan and three other men were at work and the two yoke of oxen. Too costly by far this. The plasterers at work too, making a horrible mess. No paperhanger, no paper though a little roll of bordering coming by mail makes me think Tom must have started it. If it comes tonight I shall send Davis to Ridgway on the Local Freight to hunt up the paperer tomorrow. No letters at all to my disappointment. I do wish Bessie would not come for a week or more! I finished Harry's suit to the last ruffle and very pretty it is! 1st May. Cloudy till noon, after that very pleasant The children sent me a notice of my nomination as Queen of May and brought me the earliest flowers. The provoking paper and paperer did not come so that I can't possibly get the house in order before Bessie comes. I shall try to get all my curtains made however ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B28_F1_I1_p027.jpg) 1868 and have worked all day on the yellow curtains for the back parlour which have to be lined and trimmed with gimp. It will be 74 yards of sewing on them of which I have done more than half. The carpets are all well shaken, and the plastering done and twenty five dollars paid for it too! Tom writes that he was just going out to League Island with Mr Collins and had seen Watts_ Willie is croupy, and was very restless all night, and Biv. complains of giddiness. I asked who made him giddy and he said a "Mr Vertigo." May 2. Clouds or rain all day. Finished my yellow curtains up to the sewing on of the tape ready for the rings. I hear that the paper has come, and the paperer will be here on Monday. 3rd and 3rd Sunday after Easter. Quite a flock of brown sparrows arrived last evening and this morning there is a beautiful red & ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B28_F1_I1_p028.jpg) white woodpecker close to the house. Willie was restless all night and is hoarse and coughs a great deal this morning. I shall take him out if the sun comes out. Wrote to my darling and read to the children. It is now time for our early dinner. After dinner walked with the children till four o'clock. Then Lafferty called, and then came tea. After tea talked to the chil= =dren till their bedtime, then wrote to my sis= =ters and Aunt Ann. _ 1st Trillium & White Violet Monday May 4. Up very early to set the paperhanger at work. I am tired out as I write, principally from running about as I have, only sat down while I was hearing the lessons, making a chintz cover for a box and button holes in my sacque. B. K. S. writes that she will be here Wednes= =day night to leave the following Monday. Tom writes he will be here either Saturday or Monday. The paperhanger has done the Tower room, and ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B28_F1_I1_p029.jpg) MAY 1868 part of the dining room. Tom has only sent me samples for the hall and parlours. I set the tea-table for Martha and she tacked down the carpet in the chintz room, and the Tower. Jane scrubbed the Brown Room. Tuesday May 5. Still busy preparing, this rainy day Wednesday 6. Fitful rain. Busy as I could be. Succeeded in getting the curtains up in the parlors the dining room papered and the Green Room and in having the Shields rooms all neat though the curtains are not up. They came at about 10 PM 7th Pouring all day. Spent sewing and talking with Bessie. No news from Tom for two days. This is the night for his lecture God bless him! 8th Snow thinly over the ground, and then rain. In the afternoon walked to the town. No letters from Tom. I am worried 9th Clear & cold. We walked to the town. I was busied on a suit for Evy. Bessie making ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B28_F1_I1_p030.jpg) xx Pat x Lecture on Alaska a bonnet for me. Tom writes he will be home tomorrow 10th A lovely Sunday. We all walked to church and had quite a good sermon. 11th The perfection of weather. Bessie and I by dint of hard work succeeded in getting up all the hangings in the Green Room preparatory to Pat's coming. We all marched to the train and met Tom alone. Of course I infinitely preferred not being bored with Pat. Tom gave me most satisfactory accounts of the success of his Lecture, x and all the newspapers give full and compli= =mentary notices of his lecture. He had a nice call from Grant, and plenty of interviews that were interesting. But his account of Pat is xx dreadful. The utmost he could do as has been to arrange that Pat shall be here all summer and his wife part of it, prepara- -tory to going with Tom to Alaska x The Fishers are tired of supporting him and wish Lily to separate from him till he changes. So Tom insisted that a separa ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B28_F1_I1_p031.jpg) MRS Pat Kane, LILY, E.D.K. thinks it would relieve her coming to visit to swear at the family tion between husband and wife should not take place, and so Mr F. consents that Lily shall spend some weeks with us. Tom is as thin as he can be, worn out with anxiety and now he volunteers to take the burden and care of a man of whom it can only be said that no one knows whether it is wickedness, weakness or insanity that causes his bad behaviour_ of whom his wife is tired and Tom proposes to support him. I feel quite bowed down with anxiety. Tom is not able to do this_ and I don't think he ought to have done it without consulting me. As it is I suppose I must silently see him draw daily nearer to the grave under care that ought not to be laid upon him. Oh it would do me so much x good to relieve my mind by swearing at the family. One might as well be in a nightmare I wish I could draw a picture of my dear weary darling standing upright with six heavy feather beds lolling over on him. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B28_F1_I1_p032.jpg) 12th May. A lovely day for my 32d birthday. Heard lessons etc in the morning In the afternoon wrote walked with Mr Shields while Bessie w rode with Tom. 13th Steady rain 14th Ditto, but Bessie says she must go 15th It cleared up in the afternoon yesterday so that Bessie went in clear weather. Tom was busy setting out some young hemlock trees when Wilcox & Brown arrived. So I finished overlooking the work. Today is a steady quiet rain, and I helped sort books in the study 16th Raining most of the day. Tom was busy sorting papers in the office. I was at work on the machine. In the evening talked about Papa 17th Rain & sunshine. Tom talked with me about the Impeachment. Wounded him in the afternoon. 18th Monday. Rain most of the day. Talked long with Tom about Arctic matters. He says that he may go to the Arctic Regions_ all other things failing_ wishes me to accept the possibility with cheerfulness_ as being a thing that cannot be helped, which he will ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B28_F1_I1_p033.jpg) TLK to support Grant & Colfax avoid if there is anything else he can do. In the evening it was raw and cold but not actually raining so we walked to town and brought back Yarnall who stayed all night. Slight frost. 19th Clear overhead. Busy indoors except a short stroll with Tom_ looking over State Road papers. 20th Busy sewing and arranging curtains of the Green Room. Rainy most of the day 21st Rainy part of the day_ Sewing curtains of Pink Room_ 22d Rain all day. Busy arranging State Road papers till dinner time. After that finished all the curtains except one drapery of the dining room. As soon as the wall papers are up I must describe them. Grant & Colfax are nominated as President and Vice President. Tom will support Grant as he thinks Chase, his old friend _ a Lost Leader. I had a nice letter from old Mr Blair. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B28_F1_I1_p034.jpg) May 18 23rd Tom and I worked on Tax papers till noon when we walked to the town. It was cloudy sometimes and sometimes sunshiny. In the afternoon I wrote several letters. Then Mr Yarnall came. We were in good spirits for the Company paid up their bill to October. At seven Tom had a Meeting in the schoolhouse to ratify the nominations As I had a bad headache I drove over for him_ Had to wait a long while but saw many lovely pictures. One on the Wilcox Road_ the tree outlines still leafless, relieved against the sky which was in masses of lead and yellow gray cloud touched with white, while between the clouds a star or two shone out in the blue. Down the Commonsville Road was a mass of heavy cloud above a lemon coloured horizon and a rim of purple hill. The schoolhouse windows formed a gleam= =ing point of light through the dark woods And last of all it was beautiful to see the curving lights of the train as ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B28_F1_I1_p035.jpg) Alaska speech it came thundering round the embankment. 24th Cloud rain and sunshine. Some of the trees have burst their leafbuds. I was in bed all day with rheumatic head ache. Tom's Alaska speech came yesterday. This afternoon he took the children a walk and they lost themselves in the woods. He says they must have walked over three miles. The children brought in lovely bouquets this morning_ witch hopple_ cherry blossoms violets, convularia, etc. Monday 25th. The women washing. Tom went to Wilcox after an early dinner. I drove up to the town after him and looked after Mrs Okerlind, Nyberg, etc. It was a lovely day Finished Evy's second summer suit. Tuesday. A glorious day. Leaves coming out as you look. I was busy indoors. Yesterday Tom had such a sick headache in the morning that I wrote a good deal for him. Today I was hurrying off the women to town washing up dishes and sewing. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B28_F1_I1_p036.jpg) My strawberries are in the loveliest bloom_ apple trees beginning. Wrote to Papa and Bessie K. Storm and sunshine this Wednesday 26th Children's lessons_ altering summer clothes. 27th Heavy summer rain. Tom went down to meet the P. RR Directors at the town. Then he continued directing the men who are at work in the garden and in altering the drive. Late in the afternoon we started for a ride on horseback but returned drenched to the skin I wrote to Aunt Alida and Lily Kane, and made part of a summer quilt among other things such as sorting pieces, ripping skirts making and putting up shades for the blinds in the brown room. Read The Merchant of Venice aloud in the evening. 28th Small fine drizzle. Tom went to Smethport in the early train. I began transplanting my seedlings but left off, it was so wet. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B28_F1_I1_p037.jpg) 29th. Sat up late waiting for Tom last night who had been drenched in the rain_ Today we were busied at the garden and the walks round the circle before the door. 30th Lovely day, after a rainy night. Tom finishing the circle round the grass plot 31st Sunday. Very sick all day, headache nausea and difficulty of breathing with deficient circulation. They say the day was magnificent June 1st Monday. Another lovely day, but I was kept in bed till late afternoon. Spent the day sewing, copied one letter for Tom and wrote several others. The Stockholders of the McK & E. have agreed to the division subject to the agreement of the Bondholders. Tom much distressed about Pat. June 2_ Glorious day. Wrote to Stanton made a paper of resolutions about the hotel wrote to Bessie_ etc_ Drove to the town and wandered round the environs of the house languid but happy_ everything looking lovely. Mr Yarnall and Mr Stabler to tea. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B28_F1_I1_p038.jpg) x Alaska lecture - Tom transplants June 3. Clear morning turning to easterly storm. Tom transplanted the rest of the seedlings and set out verbenas and tomatoes. Our pictures that we have had framed came and we much enjoyed unpacking and examining them, Rob Roy in the evening. June 4. Clear morning. Tom and I walked to the town to try to thaw the rheumatism out of my neck. Sewed and moped about most of the rest of the day. Tom was very sick with cramp colic in the night June 5. Thunderstorm in the morning – poor Tom very much ailing — though working hard He only slept about two hours last night. Today he sent off a baker's dozen of his collected Alaska Lecture together with letters. I wrote one letter about the taxes, and did some sewing. Our new carriage arrived just before the several of thundershowers in the evening. The foliage has darkened and grown so rapidly that I think the place is not quite so lovely ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B28_F1_I1_p039.jpg) EDK likes early summer better as it was a few days ago when the light pea green foliage of the deciduous trees contrasted so beautifully with the evergreens, and you could see the shape of the ground, now hidden by the underbrush. We plan many an improvement to be executed "when we come back." So far we are alone here. Aunt Ann has fixed no time for her coming — Lily says she will come "in July", and Pat is deferring his coming as long as ever he can. We are enjoying every guestless day. Now we sit a great deal in Tom's office which is a very pleasant unspoilable room for the children to be in of an evening. Tomorrow Tom goes to Ridgway to pay the Taxes June 6th. Hard rain in the night and a drenching thunderstorm about three o'clock when Tom came home in the afternoon. I spent the early part of the morning arranging the nursery chests of drawers and confiscating rubbish. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B28_F1_I1_p040.jpg) YARNALL Friends urge Tom run for Congress * Then I arranged the office and sat down to sew, but giddiness coming on I went to bed and slept till dinner time and was quite well in the afternoon able to sew and to read aloud in the evening. 7th Mr. Yarnall has been interfering with Tom's business at Wilcox very provokingly. Besides this Tom thinks the Company are behaving ill. Tomorrow we are to go to Smeth -port and on our return we shall hear what the Bondholders decide: whether they will con= =sent to a division of the property or not. Tom is also much distressed about Pat. 9th Yesterday morning the rain cleared off by breakfast time and we had a lovely ride to Smethport. Tom found all his McKean friends anxious he should run for Congress, * but he told them he would not if Scofield did as he had promised S. his support shd he run. He thought that, while S. was a cold hearted man he had done his duty honestly and deserved re election. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B28_F1_I1_p041.jpg) decides support Scofield to run for Barrett's On our return home found a letter from Scofield saying he would run and thanking Tom for his friendship. We slept at Barrett's. This morning it poured, so Tom went to Smeth= =port, and was sorry for it – friends whom he hated to refuse pressing upon him as a mil- -lionaire pieces of land for investment. Meantime I stayed with the Barretts who are in deep affliction for their father's loss, and by constant iteration I grew familiar with every detail of his last illness. There is an ill feeling too among the children owing to the mother's partiality for lazy Juliette who has had moneys advanced to her without security to the amount of over $1100. — Tom called for me at eleven, and the sky at first overcast cleared up beautifully so that we had a delicious ride. A log across the road delayed us a little until the carriage was lifted over it. We reached the station with about two minutes to spare. At Kane we found letters – Scofield's and a ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B28_F1_I1_p042.jpg) depressed one from old Mr Biddle, none from officials of the Company. Mr Yarnall however told us that the Bondholders refused their constent – he had heard from his wife Now the Company must either sell at any sacrifice or be seized by the bondholders — I had a letter from Aunt Ann pro= =posing not to come — and one from Aunt Alida — a very irritating one. Poor Tom tired and worried lay down to rest after our early tea and was carried off to a Grant meeting by a despairing Committee man. It is ten at night now so he will soon be home. I covered up some plants from a threatened frost, wrote this diary and read Rob Roy to dear Harry and Lyly. Campbell the photographer comes tomorrow Saturday June 13. There: I have allowed several days to slip by without writing. Wednesday was a brilliant day but knowing how tired I had been Tom let the photographer ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B28_F1_I1_p043.jpg) x Fenians stay to take some pictures up town, and I busied myself at home. Thursday and Friday were passed entirely with the photographer, and Saturday in rearranging and storing away all my apparatus, as well as a quantity of Reviews and Magazines which I sorted for binding. Letters from Bessie warn us to expect Lizzie Mitchell and the Patterson Kanes about the 1st of July, and until they go again I shall not be free to photograph. Mr Collins spent Friday and Saturday here. Mr Yarnall went away with him. They look forward to a sale by the Bond= =holders, and a depriving Tom of his per- -centage. I hope they will not succeed in cheating him! Sunday June 14. It rained hard for a time yesterday afternoon. In the evening Tom, tired out with a double walk to the town was strolling through the house dis- -cussing the new wall papers when a Com= =mittee of Feniansx came for him. I fairly ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B28_F1_I1_p044.jpg) x Toms talk to Fenians who foment attack on British in Canada cried with rage partly because he was going out when fatigued partly that his honorable name should be associated with the rascally cause. When he came home he told me that for my sake he had thrown cold water on the enterprise. He told them the commercial England of today was not the proud England of the older time – that the dull Saxon remained chewing his cud while the proud Norman and fiery Celt had sought fresh fields and pastures new, and that the audience should feel as Americans they must act through America, etc. He says the building was filled _ certainly sixty present of whom he could pick out 40 fighting men ready to go. It seems they really intend another invasion of Canada This warm brilliant day is only signalised by a walk in our home wood with the children. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B28_F1_I1_p045.jpg) Hanlon began – Monday Monday Tuesday Wednesday. Warm with sudden showers. At home superintending workmen Thursday Friday and Saturday fine. On Thursday I made Elisha a new coat sa[-]k Mr Cowles spent the day here. Vohlquist worked 3/4 of a day haying on Friday Hanlon worked all the week putting up 17 blinds – at a day! Williams and his man all the week except that the man only worked 1/2 of Saturday. On Friday afternoon Tom made me take a driving lesson. We went out as far as Frank Glott's. All the settlement looked thriving and cheerful and I was particularly pleased by a crop of fall wheat on Glott's farm. Mr Yarnall announces an ar- =rangement made respecting the hotel. Sunday June 21st Heavy rain. Wrote to Papa and B.K.S. Monday June 22. Tom and I both busy writing letters and superintending work. The weather was cloudy but brightened in the ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B28_F1_I1_p046.jpg) evening. On Tuesday morning Tom left for Smethport. It was a bright day part of the time and after lessons Harry and I walked to the town to see a sick child. Old Jeffers was away to day as Williams was yesterday Okerlind was here all the time. Jeffers worked all day Saturday. Wednesday 24th Jeffers still away. A brilliant day. Evy sick. Tom home at eleven at night 25th Jeffers here, Okerlind in the afternoon, Evy was worse. I worked getting bedsteads changed for the guests, the red room in order after the paper[-] and the pink room in disorder for him. He kalsomined the ceiling for the last time in the back parlour, and began papering it Tom was busy with papers. I also sat with Evy a good deal. The Company write in dismal spirits. Weather fine 26th A brilliant day. Tom stayed awake all night watching Evy, and consequently suffering from neuralgia this morning He is gone out with Burlingame to see if ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B28_F1_I1_p047.jpg) there is coal in a certain hill. I have spent the entire day with Eve, who is much better. Just after dinner what should come but a note from Mr Yarnall to say Aunt Ann was at the station so I drove up for her. She was looking well and seemed glad to get here_ 27th Clear & beautiful. Evy still doing well 28th Sunday. An exquisite day. Tom was tele= =graphed that "Alaska comes up on Tuesday" but he decided not to go to Washington as he at first thought of doing. I went down to see Lizzy Landrigan, and poor Tom rode after me on horseback taking the trouble of carrying the sad- -dle himself to the pasture. He missed me for I turned into a cottage to read the Bible on my way. ~ Our poor "bell" cow was killed by the train yesterday. Burlingame Barnes & Yarnall here all the evening ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B28_F1_I1_p048.jpg) 7th July. As Tom left for the East yesterday on the train, I think, not knowing his address I had best keep a diary for him from the start. We heard as we drove up that Jim Landrigan was on a spree, so Tom told me to make Evans tell me about Lizzie as I could not get in on the Sunday. Evans said Jim was not unkind to her, but that she was dreadfully worried: — All went on quietly here. When I came back from seeing Tom off I brought Captain Clay with me. All the guests were asleep upstairs. We ladies went walking after tea and we all went to bed early. Little Francis Kane roused us up by having a fit of colic or something of the kind at 12 and at 4. His head feels hot and he is very cross today. We had a fierce hailstorm followed by heavy rain. July 8th. The Barometer is down and the weather though cooler is damp and "muggy." They write to us that in Philadelphia on Sunday the Thermometer stood at 98°. Here it was at 85° ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B28_F1_I1_p049.jpg) P. told me yesterday night that he was so much better, he thought he would send for some Sauterne. Whether this is good or simply indicates that the 3 gallons of sherry he brought are nearly out, I cannot say. John wrote a hopeless sort of letter about him In the evening, as Pat took a sleep in the afternoon I made him walk up as far as Coleman's with me. I believe he spent well though he sat up late. 9th Pat walked to town in the morning interested himself in some liquor cases before Leonard <(J P.)> and read up "Binns' Justice" on his return. He is, however, poring over my medical books to get up his <(own)> case as one of anything but what it is He spoke to me before the children of his as a case where artificial stimulus had been resorted to "in order to arte= =rialise the blood" instead of exercise. Spoke at dinner yesterday of his intention of teaching Hamburger's children next ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B28_F1_I1_p050.jpg) month. I said "Oho, if you want to teach here's five pupils to try your hand on. We won't give you a diploma with out, will we, Lily?" He took it pleas= =antly. He drove the carriage up to the Round House in the evening. On his return, he had to watch the horses, and then to go to the pond with Elisha to fish out a swamped toyboat. 10th Pat seems well this, my dear Harry's thirteenth birthday. May God bless her and keep her good and unspotted from the world. 11th Dear Tom returned sickened by the intense heat. 13 The heat continues. 16th Still intensely hot. Pat however is doing well, taking exceed- -ingly long walks. P. Tom must go to Forest County tomorrow. 17th There is a pleasant change in the weather. P. is doing better. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B28_F1_I1_p051.jpg) Lilly Fisher Cousin Jean K F. used to say it was a good thing Lilly Fisher left enough money so Cousin Frank could go around outi[--]sing everyone who 19th Sunday. Very warm, but a pleasant breeze. made money- Pat made himself excessively disagreeable last night insulting Tom about politics, temperance and so forth, while Tom bore and forebore with the sweetest patience. 26th Sunday again. Tom left yesterday morning for Forest County on horseback having in vain coaxed Pat to go with him. Mabel wrote on the 20th to Lily * urging her to remain with Pat here, and poor Lily agreed to stay, whereupon he turned round and said then he would go at once. He said Tom had swindled him with an ignis fatuus of work when there was none worth his acceptance, etc, etc. He abused all of us in fact. I think Lily will have to let him try what it is to be without her father's support. No news yet from Mabel. My darling is much depressed about our own affairs _ it seems so difficult to sell the Estate ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B28_F1_I1_p052.jpg) Pat Kane and wife, former Lily Fisher. August 1st Yesterday the weather changed to rain. Today it is pouring. A telegram announces the birth of another daughter to John and Mabel on the 30th Lily and her chil= dren and Lizzie leave here permanently on the 4th Pat says he will return on Friday and I see no reason to doubt it, as he has no place to go to. He is angry with the Fishers, as Mr Fisher offers him accommodation at 919 Walnut St. or Alverthorpe, but does not propose to open the Clinton St. house or pay anything toward his support. He is much more sober than he was. Still he has consumed 5 boxes of wine since he came as well as what he drinks, one glass, at our table. And, he is very rude to Tom as well as assuming injured airs to every one else. Lily is pleased I fear to be free from him, and I cannot wonder He is very wretched, but the worst is, has himself to blame. He won't work. Tom and I are much exercised as to the manner we shall receive him in on his return. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B28_F1_I1_p053.jpg) I feel very much worried, and do not like to speak to Tom about it. Pat requires a great deal of waiting on: he is extravagant in using towels and napkins, and I sup- =pose will have no money to pay for putting his clothes out when he returns to have them washed. I can't have them done here, and when Tom and I are economising in every way I feel it hard to pay out money for a prodigal. It is very expensive keeping house this summer and I shall be glad to be free of the drones in our hive. But the worst of all is that my precious Tom is literally fretted to skin and bone by Pat, and I cannot think it right The Kanes and E. K. Mitchell left on the 3rd of August. This is the 7th, and Tom is out on horseback with the children. Pat is expected to return today or tomorrow Lily writes me that her father will help him if there is to be a permanent reform ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B28_F1_I1_p054.jpg) Possible Schultz Sale (Wilcox) August 8th . No hopes of any sales so far as I can see. Tom is suffering acutely with headache. He has been desperately busy with the State Road Accounts. August 9th Sunday. A showery cloudy day. Pat did not return as he promised, on Saturday. There was a violent thunderstorm last night during which the old giant white wood strewed the ground with so many branches that I have persuaded Tom to cut it down. Harry and Elisha had a fine ride on horseback with Tom day before yesterday. Yesterday he saw Mr. Schultz and pro= =posed a sale to him. If he could carry it through, it would give him a commission large enough for him to abandon the Alaska project. The mere idea of it set our thoughts orchard-and-field-wise and our home looked twice as lovely. May God bless us with enough to stay here! ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B28_F1_I1_p055.jpg) Yarnalls located in Hotel. Tom works on proposed State Road. 10th Poor Tom's violent headache lasts persistently. And so does this odd weather, alternately bright and showery. The children got through their lessons very well indeed. 11th Rainy. Wrote to Mrs Yarnall inviting her to stay here overnight before they take up their quarters at the Hotel. Wrote also to Abell, Roberts, Dexter & Co, and Ford. Sunday August 16. Mrs Yarnall and her family spent Tuesday night and Wednesday morning with us. On Thursday or Friday I forget which, I called on Mrs Y. and found her so comfortably established in the hotel that I was ashamed to find myself grudging her the comforts she has. Instead of this let me learn of her to keep my beautiful home neat. Her rooms are exquis= =itely neat. ~ Tom was both at Wilcox, to see Schultz, and at Ridgway on State Road business during the week. He is doing his utmost to get Schultz to purchase, but is not very hopeful. And he sees no other opening, though he is going to Buffalo to drum people up. drum ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B28_F1_I1_p056.jpg) We are agitated and uncertain about what to do. (13) Our money in bank runs away so fast_ there are no sales yet, and of course while Tom keeps away from Washington and political matters he cannot be winning influence should we wish to try for Alaska. Sometimes he urges me to let him go away for two years; sure that he would come back well off. I cannot bear to think of that_ the children would be weaned from him_ we ourselves would be older and independent of the misery of having him away_ one of us might die during the two years. ~ If we only had enough to stay here, there are so many things we want to do. Water in the second story for a bathroom_ Our fruit trees transplanted to an orchard. Two fields cleared, and some fencing done. One of the fields being the former <(log)> banking ground and the other the RR. slope. A quantity of wood cut More garden cleared Carriage house built. Fix the ice-pond for winter ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B28_F1_I1_p057.jpg) This summer we have made a good deal of new wood road made, also a drive round the circle, a number of stumps pulled, and the lawn improved, the whole house papered and painted and repaired and it is now in good order. Another thing I want is a carpet for Tom's office and a dining room stove is still another. Sept 3. Quite a long time since I wrote. Walter <(My brother)> was here during a week of lovely weather, and the weather has been generally fine, though this is a day of steady rain. Tom presided at a County Meeting on Sept 1. from which he came in a great hurry to meet Diven who then disappointed him. He is quite sick and we are as uncertain as ever about the future Sept 6. A rainy day. I have had a very bad cold, and cannot read to the children, and have spent most of the day talking to Tom about the future. On Friday evening we had a meeting at Kane, on Saturday afternoon were at the town ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B28_F1_I1_p058.jpg) It was one of those lovely afternoons which are memorable, and we enjoyed ourselves well. Yesterday / now I am writing on Monday we argued the question of the possibility of living on here. Sept 18. Yesterday a week ago Tom had deter= =mined that it was wisest to go and look after his interests in the McKean & Elk Company. I had persuaded him to let me go down and attend to my shopping and the dentist at the same time, and we were ensconced in the Continental Hotel. They have concluded to make a public sale Oct. 20th, and requested Tom to make no more private ones. He found a decided disposition to cheat him of his 5 per c. commission, and was obliged to leave matters in what seems to me a very unsatisfactory condition. If their sale fails, they may de- -clare themselves bankrupt in which case he of course gets nothing. Or selling, they may pay him in bonds and stock which will be worthless when the refuse acres alone are left to be represented by the bonds and stock ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B28_F1_I1_p059.jpg) Sept 15, campaigning And then to obtain this it is quite probable he may be obliged to may sue the Com= =pany. On the other hand Tom is set free to stump the country as much as he can before the Election, and left here on the 15th in very good spirits feeling lighten -ed of a burden in the Company's affairs. I feel weighed down however. He often thinks he ought to take leave of me and go out to make his fortune, that this is a poor country and that pinning him down here I make him waste his life on trivial work. Sam. Field, Mr Fraley and other friends speak in the same tone, and he feels that with the little bodily strength he possesses the attempt to attend daily to the minu= -tiae that daily require attention exhausts him before he is at liberty to turn to the larger subjects upon which his mind should be employed. In short my attempts to make him save pennies result in preventing him from earning hundreds. Now ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B28_F1_I1_p060.jpg) I have attempted too much, and I must think out carefully what my duties are. To teach and clothe the children, and order the household with what economy I can are my duties according to the feminine code. Now to think what I can do, and cannot do in helping Tom. And this I must think out and cannot write out for I haven't time. 20th September. I am so glad that Tom came home this afternoon. He was very successful in his meetings, and returns in good spirits The equinoctial storm is raging. 27th Raining all the week till today which is heavenly. Tom has been sick all the time having acute pain at one side of his throat. A gathering broke and discharged inside yester= =day and he is better today. Papa sent me $100. yesterday which rejoices me greatly, I made six undershirts for the children, and a frock for Willie, also 5 qts pickles Had the children steadily at lessons, and ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B28_F1_I1_p061.jpg) am gratified to see real improvement. Tom's last letter from the Company was gratifying because it gave proof that he was desired to cease selling. They will pass his last account giving him 2d Mortgage Bonds for the amount. Such a lovely day puts one in good spirits. Aunt Eliza Leiper died on the 29th of Septr at 1/2 past 9 A.M. of paralysis following some long continued internal disease probably tumour of the womb. Tom left here on the 30th to attend the Soldiers and Sailors Convention on the 1st & 2d Octr. . He went off, very tired, having just returned from presiding at a Mass Meeting in Smethport. I think he was in good spirits however. Then I walked to the cars with him and he told me they were filled with soldiers he knew. So I hope he enjoyed his journey. I taught the children yesterday, made and cut out a nightgown for Tom, fluted three nightcaps, wrote two letters, read aloud about an hour, and dressed a man's hand. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B28_F1_I1_p062.jpg) 5th October was lovely as a dream all the morning but clouded over in the afternoon. Tom returned at 5 A. M. on the 4in and this morning of the 5th he rode with Lyly and old Hiner over part of the place. When he came home he said he was convinced of one thing, it would break his heart to leave the place. Oh may we stay! They made Tom have a very pleasant time in Phila and he enjoyed himself very much indeed. 6th October Such a lovely day I hated to have Tom closeted all day with Collins & Clay. The latter was busy with T. about the Swedes' titles, and both came as a Committee to treat with him about his commissions. He is to look over the papers, and on the 15th to give them the conclusion he arrives at after they make him a proposition. Both these gen= =tlemen, Tom Leiper & Capt. Clay dined and drank tea with us, and dear Tom expressed himself much pleased with the ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B28_F1_I1_p063.jpg) way both meals were served, and the neatness of the house. Aunt Ann and I walked with the children and poor Harry was dread= =fully cross. She proved to have good cause, poor child!" In the evening Aunt Ann received a letter telling her of so many winter arrangements – closing up various houses to her, that she suddenly determined to go down to town tomorrow. 7th Another delicious day. Tom rode over to see a sick boy, and then to mark the line for a new view–down Owl Creek and for the garden extension. I packed his valise, helped Aunt Ann, taught the children, and sewed, doing a great many odd jobs, such as sewing on buttons letting down and facing a frock for Harry, and putting a pocket in it. I also made part of a new skirt- -waist for her. Aunt Ann and Tom left, and we all felt very dull. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B28_F1_I1_p064.jpg) As Elisha complained of headache, I made him lie down in the office while Harry read to him, and I sewed. So we got through the evening 8th A very queer day sleeting hailing raining and blowing hard with us while above we saw glimpses of bright blue sky. — Tom speaks tonight at Lock Haven. I was busy all the morning when not hearing lessons with drawing up for Tom as close an account as I could of the cost of our house and barn. Indepen= =dent of the lumber it cost about $13.740 Add $130. in stoves $13.870 you may say with safety it cost $14.000. Add the lumber I will ask Tom how much that would be. — In the afternoon I finished Harry's Balmoral petticoat. In the evening read Falconer's Shipwreck aloud, and did fancy work. 9.– Tom returned at 6. A. M. After the children's lessons were finished he and I had a long lovely ride. After dinner spent the ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B28_F1_I1_p065.jpg) xPA Democratic in election. "after all our work–" entire afternoon with him and the little ones following Nordquist as he cut trees on our view line. Dr. Freeman to tea, Harry and Elisha spent the day with the Yarnalls. 10th Rejoiced to hear that Mr Bell is made Vicar of Wakefield in the West Riding of Yorkshire with a house and £226. this year, and £300. the next. A delicious day. 11th Another lovely day. Out with Tom a good deal. Read to the children and wrote to Papa, Walter Aunt Ann, Aunt Alida and Bessie Shields. 15th Wild geese. 16th Waiting for a convenient season to write at length I shall get nothing written at all, and instead of trying to write out events consecutively will put them in pell mell. The election! After all our work and excitement we were greatly x cut down by hearing that "the State had gone Democratic." We remained in the belief long enough to be thankful that she had not with a deeper thankfulness when we heard the ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B28_F1_I1_p066.jpg) truth. I don't know yet about Nebraska and Indiana, and fear the result is yet uncertain Weather has been delicious, some clouds but no rain. On Sunday we walked about our own hill in various directions. Tom explained to me his idea that the coal in the hotel cellar was the broken-up same thing that is in our cellar 16 in. thick only. That the hills here are falling off toward Tionesta, and that the fire-clay which shows in various places low down is the same as that high up in our hill. Here the coal is thin and not under enough cover to pay, but that in the 250 acres next Hays that hill would have it if any. He says the coal up here is in deposits of very uncertain thickness. We determined to let Nordquist try in that hill. Tom began too low down, tried higher, struck a smut, followed up the hill tried again with better success, higher again and it improved. Yes= =terday it was 2 ft 8", but soft and not under enough cover. Nordquist was to try further on and bring me word today. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B28_F1_I1_p067.jpg) Tom says that near the summits the coal often ceases its upward slant, and that Nordquist may find it go under sufficient cover, or under a slate which shows a slight sign of making its appearance. If it should be found under these conditions we make Alnaschar visions, first that he shall buy the hill next that the coal shall continue good, that he shall mine it, and deliver it on the track at $1. a ton, and that Kane shall grow up a big place, and we never need to go away. Of course the possibility made it very difficult for Tom to tear himself away to go down to Phila for the sale of the 20th, but he felt he ought to go, so left yesterday. Looking over the papers he feels legally entitled to 5 per ct. in whatever assets they receive if the whole Est. is sold, but to 5 per ct. in cash of any partial sale. But he fears they will try to outwit him by either putting it up and saying there were “no bids” and then selling it out privately among themselves, or letting it go to the bond- holders. [The following is written sideways over above text] We stopped this digging I did not think the coal had sufficient cover. It was thick enough but followed the hill up instead of keeping a level that would do any good. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B28_F1_I1_p068.jpg) 17th Yesterday afternoon I took Elisha and walked to see the coal. Such as it was it was over three feet, but it was poor rotten stuff. During the night there was a storm of rain and wind, and this morning it is snowing fast. I do not suppose it will lie long long however, but it will probably stop Nordquist. 18th Nordquist did not come yesterday: the snow soon stopped and thawed except handfuls that lay on the leaves. The children and I walked to the post office, and the rest of the day when not writing or teaching, I sewed. Today was cold, sometimes clear sometime threat= =ening snow but the barometer always high. It is Sunday. We held our little service and read a chapter of "Benedicite", then I walked 20 times round the circle which made a mile and three quarters. Then I wrote to Tom, Papa, Tot and Bessie, and read the last number of the Independent. And then I finished Parton's Life of Aaron Burr, ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B28_F1_I1_p069.jpg) Story of Aaron Burr – Tom seems like him not without tears. So much like Tom in so many things, I could not help thinking he might say "Tom Kane but for the grace of God." If Burr had had the Spirit of God in his heart as Tom has to keep him chaste in life, and moral in principle, his name would not have resounded so far, but what a power he would have been! I keep Tom penned up here when perhaps he ought to be distinguishing himself. But God knows, God will direct his steps. "The steps of a good man are ordered by the Lord." There is some of the same blood in our veins as flowed in Aaron Burr's. 19th I am glad to find that the slight snow reached from Maine to Philadelphia, so that ours is not a place colder than ordinary civilisation. This was a raw misty day. I walked often enough round the circle to make two miles, and sewed on Willies new flannel drawers. A letter from Tom dated Saturday evening. He says "Pat looks as well as ever I saw him in my life. His habits must be changed for the better! Thank God, thank God! ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B28_F1_I1_p070.jpg) "Not a word said of my Commissions until this morning when Mr Fraley began upon the subject only to be interrupted by others. Nor can I see behind the scenes plainly, except that "our friends" would like to be able to bid for Howard Hill to protect it from falling into other hands. I think that there are no bids, they will prefer making any arrangements contemplated after the sale. "I concluded to take Mr Price for counsel, but have been unable to see him to see him in private yet." 20th This is the day of the Sale so long anticipated as deciding so much but probably not going to end in anything. Drizzly and dreary, walked a mile, finished Willie's two pair of drawers, began a back for my hood. Tom's letter received today, dated yesterday says "No decent he-wolf would have prowled as long as I have around the settlements and been without even word of his having made a rush for a bone for his mate and darling cubs. But so it is. I do not see even Mr Price formally until tomorrow, and confess with shame that I have been indulg= =ing myself in comfort at Mr Field's under the ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B28_F1_I1_p071.jpg) persuassion that I had better keep my head clear for the contingencies of tomorrow. It looks to me as if the word wd be "nichts komm hier aus;" but Watts only knows. My chances Mr Fraley would not put as high as I think he would like to. I mean that he would be friendly, and thinks he is so. But the others are indeed a "mean crowd" and they have had his ear first. Never mind" 21st Another dull drizzling day. Have Laffer =ty tightening doors, etc, and have written for coal. Hung all the pictures. Tom writes yesterday after the sale "The last of the 'big job' could not even see the last of itself. I went to the Sale, but did not understand it. Noul outsider appeared to enact the character of purchaser. Mr Clay and Mr Hacker I thought were really buying, but they were not. I laboriously ticked down figures that looked shockingly low making up in all $253.000 "payable in stock and Bonds." But I incline to think I was making my own wampum. Mr Scull * however bought a few parcels including Walter's *this means Yarnall ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B28_F1_I1_p072.jpg) 86 probably (at 8 1/2 in stock & bonds i.c between $4, & 5 an acre.) Perhaps they will intimate this was unreal too!! "But it is all a muddle. And I will write you of it tomorrow unless I can't help coming up in the Thursday noon train bringing me to our sweet if slighted home Friday at four o'clock. "I have placed my case formally in Mr Price's hands: did so before the sale. Never mind, dearie. I am good for a good deal to serve you yet." 22d When it does not snow it rains. Tom writes "I am as much in the dark as ever about yesterday's transactions, except that I am informed that Mr Clay and Mr Hacker bid for our friends'. The Office is occupied by the said friend discussing what they would like to have, how- -ever; so something will probably come of it. Let me add too that Mr Price, after two long hearings granted me, and a night's work given to the papers, is prepared to decide ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B28_F1_I1_p073.jpg) Clay and Hacker that to put on me 21/2 p,c instead of 5% they must divide up all": "close out" the entire Estate. I am thus fortified for an emergency." 23rd Sowering and gloomy but not actually falling weather. Walked with the children to the village, and made sundry purchases. Lafferty showed me a newspaper paragraph about the sale. It gives amount sold as $360.429 I see the number on which we had Nohlquist digging was included. I wonder who got it! The land round Kane, Williamsville and Howard Hill was sold. I suppose Mr Schultz stepped in for Williamsville! 24th Bright sunshine, though the day is cold. Tom writes on the 22d "Mr Fraley they say is against me, but I am sure he feels himself my friend. I am put off for my meeting with him until tomorrow. So goodbye to Home Sweet Home for this week! _ Robert was taken sick the day of the Sale! And the chil= =dren were unrepresented there. It is not my fault. "Now for what it was. Clay and Hacker bought in $253.000. worth as I informed you ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B28_F1_I1_p074.jpg) Clay and Hacker buy $233.000 w[--]th including Howard Hill and the lots around Kane. The average was $9. per acre payable in stock and bonds. I go from here to Mr Price's to see if I cannot procure an opinion in writing from him for the dread encounter with friend Fraley. They tell me I need not fear the assets all escaping me: if so, take the lowest $253.000 ÷ 2 1/2/00 = $6250 38 per cent in Cash and Bonds 2116.66 worth together 33 per ct. in cash is 1/3 62 per ct in stock at 6) 4133.33 nominal $6 per share 688 shares They say the stock is worth $1.50 1032 + 2116.66 = 3148.66 Now I shall, Mr Fraley or not, take the ground that I am entitled to 5 per ct. on all partial sales. My claim for this I expect to be bought off by any sensible people when I make fight." 25th I was out nearly all day yesterday, watch= =ing Nohlquist cut trees. Today was cloudy, and sprinkly. Means to snow if it can. Walked with the children and wrote a doggerel letter ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B28_F1_I1_p075.jpg) to Papa who was 60 on the 21st, before dinner. After dinner mounted guard while the house was empty of its other inmates who went walking. The weather means to snow, if it can make up its mind to anything so decided. Disappointed to receive this instead of Tom. "I need your prayers for next week, if I do not re= =turn tonight (23rd) I am in the midst of a scrim= =mage which so far I have in vain endeavored to render short and decisive. I have offered nothing because they have offered nothing: I am trying to "grapple and board." If I am defeated utter= =ly, it will be by Mr Fraley's kindness dis= =arming me: if I win, it will be our true friend Field's bracing me up on the other side. ~ I am in capital health of body and will continue so if you can write that you are well, and can spare me another week. I must not leave this skein unravelled like so many others!" Monday 26th A glorious day. The children and I were out before dinner watching Nordquist from the "chopping" Miller made. After dinner ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B28_F1_I1_p076.jpg) scrambled to where he was and then through the limbs of the felled trees to the old RR. Line. Down it to the new RR. thence down it to the long tangent, then turned back, walked to the Post Office, and then home by Barnes' and the spring, very tired indeed. Tom's letter is not encouraging. He dates on Saturday afternoon "My last Bulletin is of Failure which would be complete_ But that I am_ in for a fight. I am not afraid of the result when this is on the carpet, and I do say_ trust in your man. The bonds bring their 75, and we have enough to furnish the Commissariat while we deal in Law and Costs." Tuesday. I turned in Landrigan and five choppers and got the view as far as No 86. is concerned all cut out. The day was pleasant and I was out most of it. Tom wrote two letters on Sunday as he did not expect to be able to write Monday or Tuesday. "Wilmington. I am here writing and thinking up for my tussle. Have no fear of the result My bottle-holder of Front & Walnut says, "hold out!" ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B28_F1_I1_p077.jpg) The prospects are encouraging for the Meadow Property. The Ways and Means will not be wanting while we conduct our suit: unless Providence thinks it better for us that they shall. The only grief is for me, in the postponement of The Hope. The incidental results of the Sale will all be advantageous to our interests. sections 6 and 74 Offers made established that s6 & 74 were worth $1000, and that price was not accepted. Would you like me to try to sell our place S. of the RR & E. of the Wilcox Road, leaving us our House Hill, and also the Town Site as conveyed to Kane & Biddle Trustees for $10. or say $8000? (Mt. Jewett) Howard Hill brought the equivalent of $14 or $15 per acre in money, of course proving our Mining Co. lands to be worth more. Would you sell Mining Co's 670 a a at $15 say $10.000 Kane Property 800 a a at $10 8.000 If you write, seal, and direct to Mr 18.000 Field's care. If I were to begin to write you about events and experiences in general, I should x Name changed by T.L.K. to Mt. Jewett for Pro[--] Jewett or Erie RR. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B28_F1_I1_p078.jpg) fill the Mail and spoil the best of my long story. Believe me I did my best to pacify and compromise. Indeed I set down a week of worse than waste time to my sincere desire to do my best in this line. And, now that I am in earnest make your mind easy about breaches of the peace in word or deed. I am for peace _ though I must leave the tents of those who are for war." Later he writes "I have concluded to run on to New York tomorrow morning to see if Mr Schultz will buy some of the refuse hemlock parcels." Wednesday 28th Cold and drizzling. At one time it was clear enough for me to ride over to the Round House to see a very sick baby whose case I don't understand the least bit. 22d I am glad for my diagnostic skill to say that neither does Dr. Kreeman. Tom writes from New York on the 26th Have had an entirely unfavorable interview with Schultz & Co: and after it another just as unfavor =able with Jay Gould and Co: of the Erie. — I am not conscious of having played any move badly yet. And I do not feel afraid." ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B28_F1_I1_p079.jpg) November 2d. I expected Tom on Friday, had the house in beautiful order, and drove up to meet him. Train two hours behind time! Just as we were going to have tea, up it came and I drove up again. The moon was just rising, and there was a very cold wind. Neither Tom nor a letter, and I was very cold by the time I reached home. There I found Dr Free= =man and his little Kate who intended to leave next morning. Tom arrived in the early morning. The wind had been howling all night and a regular storm set in at breakfast time so that the Freemans had to stay till this morning interfering a good deal with the pleasure of having Tom all to myself. Besides I had neuralgia from the Saturday morning owing to my windy ride. Tom was immediately followed by a letter from the Board offering as their ultimatum $5000. for expenses, $7500 as percentage on the sale. (wh. by their own showing was to the amount of $331.000+.) This to be paid in the unsold land, subject to mortgage of 36 per cent. (The land to be taken at a valuation wh. made the mortgage debt run up to as ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B28_F1_I1_p080.jpg) They count the stock as at $6, and it is unsaleable at $1.50. ~ I will copy in Tom's answer_ the first. We shall probably go to law with them There is still a little snow but I think it will clear off. Wednesday 4th Novr. Tom had a beautiful day and the election passed off well in our township as we gained twelve on the October vote. I was in bed all day nearly with neuralgia yesterday Today was lovely and after lessons were over we were out directing Nohlquist the rest of the day. Yesterday I copied Mr Fraley's long official letter but could only give the substance here. On Saturday night we received an addition to the family in the shape of Miss Emily Lewis. Thursday Novr 5. was a dismal day finishing up with a fall of snow that soon disappeared under the noonday sun of Friday. Thomas went off on his annual visit to his wife. Mr Yarnall arrived at Kane — and that's about all. Every day Tom widens out our view a little. He is awaiting the Company's answer before attacking them ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B28_F1_I1_p081.jpg) On Saturday afternoon Tom riding Clarion and I on my own feet took a long excursion. First we went down the wood-road to the brick yard, and then down the RR. to the quarry. Thence we climbed the hill above the quarry and followed a blazed path cut once for Tom by Landrigan till we stood on the hill above Hays' house, and looked across the valley, and could thence tell where it was still necessary to cut for the view. Then the mail-train passed below us, and then we crossed the RR. and followed the Wilcox Road home. It is new made earth and the walking was very fatiguing. Once I stuck so com= =pletely in the clay I had to call to Tom to pull me out. We reached home just in time for tea. There was a nice letter from Papa, none from the Company. I cannot help thinking they must have written and the answer miscarried. And if I pos= =sibly can I must make time to write out the letter they sent on the 30th. Sunday Novr 8th Pouring all day, and Tom found another of the pigeons lying dead (He had brought Elisha fourteen choice ones) So he let them ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B28_F1_I1_p082.jpg) fly but they were so drenched that he caught six and brought them into the garret to warm up. Monday Novr 9. When it did not rain it mizzled as Willie would say. Nevertheless Tom and I walked two miles, going down to watch Nohlquist's cutting. Messrs Totten & Smith who are supervisors were awaiting us and stayed to tea. There were no letters from the Company, and Robert Patterson wrote there was no demand for the 2d Mortgage Bonds. It depressed me to hear this, for we rely upon the sale of these for our present expenses, and Tom is so quick that he noticed it at once _although he did not know why, he was sure I felt dull. How nice it is to be so cared for! 10th Warm hard rain, most unusual for this climate at this season. All the children are com= =plaining of headache. Tom went to Whiskeytown to see a poor fellow who was down with Ship Fever, and came home wet through. Mr Fraley sent up the copy of the corres= =pondence for which Tom had asked, and ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B28_F1_I1_p083.jpg) it proves to be nothing more than what we had already. Tom will therefore commence a law suit against them. I will copy in his closing letter to Mr Fraley whenever he has it completed. We differ about its terms chiefly in that I am disposed to reiterate things that have been said and done with, and then I think Tom had better take his own view unhampered by mine. Tom's position is this: He made an agreement with the Com= =pany whereby he was to receive 5 per ct. on all sales, and to be allowed the sum of $5000 for expenses. He volunteered that he would take 1/2 the commission however payable in stock or other consideration received "it being provided that" he meant it being agreed or arranged with him that if the lands should be divided among the stock -holders free of debt within two years, because he would be spared much trouble and be free of his time. That he would prefer, he added, to halve the Commission with Mr Clay. The Company I on their part volunteered a guarantee that his salary from commissions should be made up to $3000. if it fell below ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B28_F1_I1_p084.jpg) The present sale is not an entire division of the lands, nor is it such a sale as contemplated then. They say so, and so do we. They have no business to offer 21/2 per ct in lands burdened by 36 per ct of debt in place of his $5000 for expense as well as his 21/2% The Managers have availed themselves of Tom's information to buy in all the best lands themselves. 11th Snowing or looking dismal all day. Sarah Barrett here all the time. 12th Same dismal weather. I have caught cold, and Tom of l is completing his final letters to the Co; 13th Tom left early on horseback for Smethport to take counsel with B.D. Hamlin. The day was gloriously beautiful. I rose late on account of my cold, but was out all the afternoon looking up patients and eatables. 14th Another beautiful day _ though it threatens to be a weather breeder. Tom reached home about noon with a frightful headache caused I think by worry as much as fatigue, and I passed the rest of the day at his bedside reading him to sleep ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B28_F1_I1_p085.jpg) He found all the lawyers absent, gone to Ridgway Court, and found he could not sue in Elk County under six months which would give the Company time to alienate their Elk County property. Sunday Novr 15. A lovely day again. Tom and I had a long walk, and a happy day avoiding the subject of The Company, our Black Care I wrote as usual to Papa. 16th Breakfasted at half past six to let Tom go to Ridgway. He retained both BDHamlin & Souther to act as his Counsel. Day sometimes cloudy and raw, sometimes lovely. Elisha and I went down after school to the RR. and found K's last line to my great delight as I was afraid I had found a mare's nest. It shows Tom that he had a little more land than he thought 17th Pouring all day. Busy after school writing for Tom. My sweet Willie's birthday May God rear him up to serve Him! 18th & 19. Clear in the mornings_ cloudy in the afternoons. On the 18th Tom and I took quite ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B28_F1_I1_p086.jpg) a walk, going down on the RR. to our Line, and then following it to the Wilcox Road and so home. Tom was pleased to find he owned more of the pretty little stream-head of Owl Creek than he thought. On the 19th Tom and I were busy the entire day pressing, sorting and collecting the correspondence with the Company from May 1867 to the present time. Hamlin & Souther arrived at tea-time. I find that I get less done with four than with three women. Each one relegates her work to another. and so this thing and that is neglected. 20th Snowing nearly all day though the snow is not deep. Uncle George Leiper died on the 17th. We were busy writing all day, and I read aloud in the evening. 21st Snow about two inches deep. We were busied with Robert Patterson's accounts as Adminis= =trator, and then various people called. While I was hearing the children's lessons Jem Landrigan was closeted with Tom, then came a lad from Nichols with a bill. He had evidently arrayed himself for the occasion, for his hair was parted ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B28_F1_I1_p087.jpg) with Wellington in Spain. [---] literally on a hair line and pomatumed till the odor he diffused penetrated the whole suite of rooms downstairs. ~ Then came a Miss Baldwin to solicit pupils. She told me that her father was a Colonel in the British Army who had been all through the x Peninsular War, and that her brother who died two years ago had also been an officer in the Army. She was one of six daughters, and having received a good education thought she could do better in "the States" as a teacher. I have a great mind to let her give Harry a quarter's music lessons. After Miss Baldwin left a messenger came to summon Tom out in the snow storm to Mrs Hubbard who had another attack of her malady. While he was gone I had the study cleaned, and then sat by the window watching for him as I sewed. He said the room looked so cheerful as he rode up, with the bright firelight dancing on the walls. The study is a special favorite of mine, and Tom allowed ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B28_F1_I1_p088.jpg) me to fit it up. It is quite small, only 13.6 by 16 ft, but gives you the impression of being deliciously homelike. It is five sided, thus the fire-place is seen at right an ob= =tuse angle opposite the two windows. The walls have a French paper which is fluted in texture. It is striped in two shades of leather- -colour and two shades of lead colour. The leather colour corresponds in colour with the cherry wood floor, the cherry and chestnut doors window-casings and cornice. One of the doors had pine stiles and Tom painted them to match the lead colour stripes in the paper. Over the fire-place hangs a picture I delight in: Birch's Delaware Break-Water. Either summer or winter, morning or evening, cloud sun or lamp light seem equally to suit it. Tom says it is too much a portrait to be a very fine painting, but to my eyes its reality is refreshing. The foreground is made of great tumbling waves, and all the extreme right displays the water outside the Break Water with a single schooner ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B28_F1_I1_p089.jpg) running before the wind. The back-ground displays in the distance the little town of Lewes, the break water, some ships within it, the sandy bar with a shallow pool fringed by miserable scrubby brushes, and nearer us on the left the light house. It is built on a spit of land that runs out into the waves, and the breakers are foaming up on it one after the other, oh so deliciously! It shelves very gradually one can see, for some little distance, and so the waves are a clear transparent green, laced and capped with foam. The sky is bright but flecked with windy clouds: it looks like late Septem= =ber weather, and the picture as I l see it makes me again a little girl at Staten Island never tiring of watching the waves after a gale. ~ Two or three of Elisha's Hamilton pictures, a little portrait of the Judge as a child and an engraving of the "Dead Soldier" com= =plete our ornaments. The mantlepiece properly supports only a pretty embossed leather envelope ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B28_F1_I1_p090.jpg) case and a Postage Scale, but it is always crammed with coal specimens, spy glasses, pistols etc. ~ There is one bookcase almost filling one side of the room, and another occupying the panel between the windows. Tom's office desk of white oak fronts one window, the other opens to the ground, and gives access to the piazza. The old gilt settee fills up the vacant space, and there is a square of brown and oak coloured carpet for winter use on the floor. From that long window one has a stately outlook, and I know nothing more charming than to turn from my water view over the mantle piece, to my inland view. Instead of a promontory of sand I see today spreading out from me the snowy cape on which our house is planted The land falls down to the Railroad eighty feet below us in a succession of natural terraces and from this window I see farther on a long vista of forest covered hills tier beyond tier melting into a dark plum blue today when only evergreen forests specked with snow make up ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B28_F1_I1_p091.jpg) the cl colouring. Generally my sea view has more life and animation with the tumbling waves, and sailing ships. My inland view is like a solemn picture, but now and again on these still snow clad slopes I see cloud on cloud rise fast, and a train comes sliding noiselessly by, circling round the foot of our hill. Some days are noisy ones when the air is full of echoes, and the trains as they pass through the deep cut make the earth reverberate so that the sound comes up through the cellar. Such a day was the soft hazy one we had on the 19th 22d A quiet still Sunday. I hear that my dear Tot has written a children's book. I wrote to Papa, and had as usual one of our interminable conversations with Tom, which are always broken in upon by some one before we finish. This evening some Swedes came. One asked leave to play on the organ, and afterwards Tom played and sang Luther's hymn ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B28_F1_I1_p092.jpg) They joined in with their Swedish version, all but one who cried in a corner. Monday and Tuesday were perfect days. I had nice long walks with Tom, and we talked much on a subject which will I hope occupy our thoughts happily, my training myself or rather his training me to write. Wednesday 25th Cloudy_ All of us down at the icepond. Oh if we only had money to clear up these "choppings" of ours! And a few other things! This is Lyle's birthday. Thursday 26th Thanksgiving Day, and a very happy one. Tom and I were together a long while talking over composition. It rained hard all day but we were very thankful to have the rain fall on a weather tight roof. Nystrom was here to ask for a contract. He has unfor= -tunately put his house on the lot adjoining his own. 27th Friday. Tom made a failure in an effort to give me a treat. He made me get up on horseback for a ride when I behaved abominably and gave it up. Elisha's mare behaved as ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B28_F1_I1_p093.jpg) badly as I did, but Tom and I were delighted to have the little boy behave so bravely. In the evening we received a most important mail. Two letters from Mr Fraley, one official the other personal. In the first he enclosed a copy of Resolutions wherein the Board decreed K's letter to be disrespectful, and gave him permission to withdraw it. In his official letter he stated that they had waited to receive a letter correcting what they deemed an unconsidered letter: that he had not definitely stated whether he accepted or refused their offer, and would like to know whether some other arrange ment would suit him better. In the personal letter he said he was sure that K's had been hasty, that the Board had intended no menace and hoped he meant none: that it was a difficult and delicate matter, but he hoped still susceptible of arrangement. Then there was a double letter from Bessie and her husband containing a howl of wrath against the Princeton people who are preparing to unseat him as the new ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B28_F1_I1_p094.jpg) Gen. Jackson President wants his chair, and Atwater has succeeded in getting $40,000 raised wherewith to endow his. 28th Poor old Mr Stabler came to get a horse and stayed talking some time. The conversation turned upon F. P. Blair Sr. Tom said he wished me to hear one of the few living intimates of Jackson speak of him. Stabler said Blair once asked Jackson in speaking of the Dickinson duel_ "General Jackson, how could you shoot him when you thought your- -self killed?" "Mr Blair, I gritted my teeth, Sir." I was not out at all. It snowed briskly in the night. 29th All the ground covered with snow. The day did not fall off the trees whose S. W. sides it coated was so still that the snow which coated the S. W. sides of the trees never fell off. Looking from the front and back of the house, we had two en= =tirely different winter scenes: therefore. From the front we saw the gaunt bare forest fading from blackness into purple shades of distance. From the back all looked like a white fairyland. Dove cote and barn and stray ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B28_F1_I1_p095.jpg) branches of the beech contributed a mellow buff tint, but all else was the purest white the earth the trees the branches even to the tiniest spray, all covered over. Sometimes I think our new view appears too sharply and abruptly cleft out of the forest: today it revealed itself like a vision as "Some rude Silenus oft the days of old Have seen unclose and yield a goddess fair." No sound came to br[-]ke the stillness_ when a train appeared, there was no noisy storming up the valley but rolling clouds ascending fast changing swiftly from black to white, and "sable silvered" till Then the valley would be hid from us in gray smoke, and then the hill tops would gradually emerge as the details come out in the negative, and all again would be tranquil under the soft leaden sky. I was quite poorly all day: and so was Tom. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B28_F1_I1_p096.jpg) Thanksgiving Day began her story of Coming to Kane and the settlement there. 2nd December. Today Tom kept me abed, having felt wretchedly the last two days. The snow that began falling on Saturday afternoon is lying thickly on the ground. Tom threatens to shut me up here during the coldest days, and is determined to keep me warm, fearing erysipelas. 5th December I was out a little while yesterday as the snow was trodden down, but today it must be a foot deep and still falling fast. 6th December. I must take pains to note what are the seasons of extreme cold up here, that I may not be unduly discouraged when they begin, but look forward hopefully to their cessation, and the intervals of mild weather. For instance there were a few days when I felt the cold extremely, in October, but since then the house has been comfortably warm. And now the first week of October December is ended. On Thanksgiving Day I began writing * as an exercise of composition the history of our settling here. In the evenings I read over what I have written, and Tom criticises it. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B28_F1_I1_p097.jpg) 30" plus more snow He thinks me may fit me for an author if I persevere for two years in trying to improve my writing. 8th December. Early this morning the snow was two feet six inches deep, and it has snowed steadily ever since. On the south side, and on the East the drifts have accumulated against the house so, as to render the walls damp in the parlours. Every now and then the wind howls in fury driving the snow before it in such a whirl that we cannot see more than a couple of hundred yards. Then it lulls a little, and we can see beyond the RRoad the beau= =tiful Hemlock Tom calls mine. It looks ghostly half shrouded in the white mist of snow. No living thing is in sight, nothing is in motion but the snow falling or driving before the wind. Sometimes a dry leaf scuds over the snow as if it were alive. The noisey RailRoad with its fifteen trains a day is quite silent. One passenger train due here at 5 A. M. crawled slowly past us just at dinner time. Ha[-]k _ prut, trut! There goes the snow plow. Not of much use when the drifts efface its ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B28_F1_I1_p098.jpg) DIVISION OF TOWNSHIP. Wet more twp. out of Sergeant furrow almost instantly. Hah! The Eastward Mail, almost on time! How different from the days of /'64 when we were snowed up for a week The snow sticks to the windward side of the trees, but the hemlocks bow their branches to the very earth under the load they carry. There was a great crash last night. I suppose some over- -burdened tree gave way. We are very smug indoors by our bright fires, and the pigeons and chickens are silent inside their shelter. One of the doves was almost frozen: I saw Elisha warming it at the stove, and holding it to his cheek. 11 The storm seems to be over at last, though it leaves us deep deep in snow. 13th December No weather yet fit to be out. The sun if it struggles through the clouds is easily discouraged into retiring again. Tom finished his Notes on the Correspondence between himself and the Company and spent his Saturday evening at a Meeting respecting the Division of the township. I helped him to copy his papers, and have written about fifty pages since I began, of my account of Kane ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B28_F1_I1_p099.jpg) Settlement. It is cold enough, but not yet in= =tolerably cold. 18th December I have been out twice for a little time. As yet there has been no thaw and very little sunshine. If the house is going to be as comfortable as it now is we shall feel little of the cold compared to what I felt last winter. We have not touched the very coldest weather however 6° below zero was the coldest so far this year, and last year before we went away it touched 22°. A hen laid an egg to my great joy as I hope they will soon resume payment of their "kain." But far better than the fresh egg is the news I am able to record. Night before last when Tom took up his letters there was one from Mr Fraley. Tom turned crimson with excitement as he opened it, and we read it together. The old gentleman wrote most affectionately to Tom, conjuring him "as an old and, I think, well tried friend" to withdraw his suit and submit the question of his commissions and expenses to ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B28_F1_I1_p100.jpg) atty Eli K. Price urges settlement Conference with Fraley amicable reference. Last night Mr Price en- -closed a letter to himself from Mr Clay in which Clay told him that Fraley had written and as a personal friend of Tom's urged the same thing, and incidentally said that he could not act for the Company against Tom. Tom will consent to refer. 19th Decr Tom had to visit some patients yesterday afternoon, so he took us all out in the cutter, and when we reached the place it proved to be among the shanties beyond the Round House. The path ended at the house and in the endeavor to turn round Tom upset us all in the snow. We were not a bit hurt – that was a comfort. Today we had another sleigh-ride to the same place but without the upset. Tom visited five patients. Dec. 22. Last night came a note from Mr Price. He said that he had had a very long talk with Mr Fraley, and had concluded it by telling him it was best for both parties that Tom and he should meet and not part until a just settlement was arrived ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B28_F1_I1_p101.jpg) Opinion of Eli Kirk Price, Philadelphia's eminent lawyer – Gen. K's counsel– at. He thought the evils even of arbitration were greater than the benefits to be derived from either party. He added that Tom's friend H. G. Clay was very anxious to have the matter amicably settled. Tom and I sat up very late, and he lay awake all night – pondering what should be done. To be thrown back on Mr Fraley is equivalent to a renewal of the offer of payment in mortgaged lands. That Mr Price should urge it so strongly appears as if Clay & Fraley had communicated to him news that Tom could secure no assets by a lawsuit. We finally decided to give up our Christmas together: and that Tom should go to Philadelphia, see Mr Price first, and then Fraley. We were so cut down in spirit: for the law of the case is so strongly in our favour, that today was a heavy one to us. What made it heaviest to me was this: Tom had been bundling up the papers on which he has expended so much time and labour, and so much intense thought. (All the long wakeful nights too)— and all for nothing. He had to stoop down to ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B28_F1_I1_p102.jpg) Dec 21, 1868 rivet some papers together. The pain of his rheumatism and his stiff fingers made him awkward so that he tore the neat pages. When it was done, he confessed that the rheumatism was growing upon him. He has been hiding it from me while I was pluming myself upon his being so well. He said perhaps this bad news for his suit was a mercy from the Almighty _ a warning to leave this climate: so severe a one in the winters. ~ Afterwards he tried to make light of it_ but it has made me feel very sad. It seems cruel that he who is so good, so excellent should suffer so! ~ A letter from Mr Fraley Comes in with the mail. I copy it My dear General, Phila Dec. 21. 1868 I have just received your esteemed favor of the 17th inst. which relieves my mind of part of the trouble about McKean & Elk Matters. I felt sure that your noble and pure instinct would lead you towards a peaceful and ami= -cable solution of difficulties. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B28_F1_I1_p103.jpg) The remaining feature of the case is the necessity that rests upon the Company of putting in an affidavit of defense before the 28th inst. This will be prepared today and Mr Hacker, will the Secretary, would hav carry it up and have it filed. (at Smethport Court House) It of course will be made as strong as counsel can frame it, and I hope you will by staying all further proceedings or withdrawing the suit avoid further complications which might arise from the issue that it would make. I am very much pressed by an engage- -ment that calls me to court this morning and can only add that I will very cheerfully aid by my counsel and best judgment in bringing about a satisfactory settlement with you by the Company. I take no copy of this letter and ask you to preserve it should any reference to it hereafter be necessary. If you shall determine to stay proceedings or to discontinue the present action, advise me by telegraph which will supercede the necessity of ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B28_F1_I1_p104.jpg) Mr Hacker's trip. Ever truly yours F. Fraley." "Noble and pure instinct." My poor Tom, there is an instinct tugging at your very heartstrings now, the instinct of a man who sees himself about about to be cheated of his hard earnings _ and who has to take his little ones away from their beloved home. If Fraley had a particle of the same noble and pure instinct he'd be ashamed of himself! 24th Snowing all yesterday as well as today. It is 10° above zero. in the middle of the day and I am horribly dull with anxiety for Tom ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B28_F1_I1_p105.jpg) 1869 The teamster's story How Carlo saved the General January 1. 1869. Tom told Thomas today he might tell me how he came home last Sunday morning. It had occurred to me on Saturday night that Tom might possibly try to come home in the train that is due here at 5. A. M., so I bade Thomas take "the bobs" up. Thomas says the train was half an hour ahead of time: proba- -bly he overslept himself – at any rate he thought the passing train was the "Express" freight, and so got the horses harnessed leisurely. Carlo had been sleeping in the loft, and when the chains rattled, he sprang down and went into the open air, and then "stood scenting and sniffing like as if he didn't know his course." Then he darted off barking loudly, and kept on past the house. His barking ceased, but he did not return. Thomas was just starting to go off by the Wilcox Road to the station, when Carlo came up and jumped on him "barking, and whining and 'joicing, and I pushed him off, and he jumped on the bobs and stayed for a minute or two barking, and then jumped off and ran away towards the house. But he didn't bark ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B28_F1_I1_p106.jpg) Family dog Carlo finds Gen. Kane in snow exhausted when he got to the house, but kept on and then he began barking somewhere beyond." When Thomas reached the Wilcox Road the idea had penetrated his slow mind, that the dog must have some reason for leaving the sleigh, and staying away, and that it would be just as well to turn round and take the carriage-way to the house and then the short way beside the RR. to the station. He would then know at whom Carlo was barking, and it then occurred to him that it was possibly the General, for Carlo would not leave Thomas and the horses for a stranger. Carlo had gone over the crest of the hill on which the house stands, the carriage way sweeps round the hill, reaching the top when it has passed in front of the house. As the sled came in f abreast of the house, crossing the spring path Tom uttered a cry "Ho!" It was so short a sound that Thomas could not tell from which direction he had heard it. The moon had been down about an hour and it was intensely dark, so that he could not see the road ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B28_F1_I1_p107.jpg) Horses turn into woods to him lying there. The horses halted, and then suddenly turned out of the road into the woods, following as he afterwards found, a perfectly straight course to where Tom was lying. He could not see Tom, but the horses could easily have run over him: instead of which they had drawn the sled close to his feet, and then halted themselves, and stood looking round at him. Carlo had stopped barking, he was whining, "jobbing his nose into the snow under the General, like as if he wanted to make him get up, and every now and then he would put his paw on him as though he was helping him. The General was trying to get up, he was on his elbow then, and when Carlo saw him raising he jumped like he was crazy. I felt of the General's face, and found it was in a kind of "plustration," so I lifted him into the sled, and then the horses turned and took their own way just as nice as could be, and stopped at the kitchen door. I laid the General on the kitchen floor and Carlo, he wouldn't be kept out, but just came and lay on his great coat till I got his ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B28_F1_I1_p108.jpg) shoes and stockings off, and then he came and sat at his feet, looking just as innocent as a child, watching him with his eyes, not wagging his tail nor moving." "When you spoke for a glass of water, General, I seen you was quite sensible, and I told you Mrs Kane was stirring, but you said No, I mustn't disturb her. So I laid you in the bed in the spare room and heaped on you everything I could get." So far Thomas. Tom says that he found when he left the station that it was so dark and with that there was such a driving snow that he must go as light as possible, so he turned back to deposit what he could in his locked bag there, including the whiskey flask which he had carried in his coat pocket carefully since his seizure in Phila on Christmas Day. His moral is: that he never ought to risk being left without stimulus with his tendency to swoon. But I am most deeply thankful that the dog's instinct scented Tom lying there in the snow where he had sunk. Such a fearful end- as he would have met, close there to the house ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B28_F1_I1_p109.jpg) 1869 Lawsuit in Smethport 10th January. We have had mild weather, a great deal of rain and a prodigious thaw, yet there must be a foot of snow still on the ground and it is growing cold and thawin snowing again. There has been no mail through from the West as the RR. bridge at Warren was carried away by the flood. Tom and the Company are still at issue. Mr Fraley would make no offer, but just wished Tom to stay proceedings. Under the circumstances, Mr Price advised him not to do so. Mr Hacker came up to file their affidavit of defense and was not very well treated in Smethport. Tom wrote a polite note to Mr Fraley to which no answer was returned. So matters stood till yesterday when a letter from Pat came saying that a Mr Hutchinson, one of the Board had called to protest that they had the highest regard for Tom, and as far as they were concerned were anxious for an ami -cable settlement. "Mr C. H. H. of your land board called on me this morning. His visit was a personal one to myself ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B28_F1_I1_p110.jpg) and was designed to express the apprehension that he felt lest an amicable adjustment of your diffi- -culty with the company had been retarded by a sup- -position on your part that the feelings of the members of the Board towards yourself were otherwise than friendly. He mentioned to me that at one time been a misunderstanding between you and himself, which however was only temporary, and that it had occurred to him that the remembrance of this might in some degree have influenced your action. And he added that the Board fully recognised your services and that their feeling towards you individually and collectively was of the kindest sort; and that there was nothing so far as he was informed that could not be adjusted by a reference to reliable friends. I assured him that I appreciated the friendly spirit which had prompted his visit, and that I would advise you of what he had said to me.' ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B28_F1_I1_p111.jpg) ||Suffering from rheumatism I have had several baby patients during the mild weather. Every one caught cold. The last two days I have spent in drawing up the State Road Account– Tom's own, and his the Commissioners' in general from the beginning. He thinks of going to Ridgway tomorrow to obtain a copy of old Hunt's account, but I hate him to go he is suffering so from rheumatism. Before the State Road Account I drew up for Tom my annual Statement for 1868. which he considered very encouraging. Jan 22d Bitterly cold. We took the children a long sleigh ride. On the 23rd & 24th the weather modera= =ted. I have been much exercised by a question of deep interest to all the world, brought very forci= -bly to my notice by the case of a patient. I had several cases of infantile sore mouth, itch, erysipelas and so forth lately, and while attending them was sent for to see a young mother who, with her baby was attacked with sore mouth. Something made me press Tom to go with me. Certainly he would go if I desired it he said, but why was I ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B28_F1_I1_p112.jpg) so earnest about this. I confessed that I had a fear that it was a syphilitic sore mouth, and that never having seen it I might make a mistake. Tom was amused at my sudden trepidation, but when we went to the place, and looked in the woman's mouth, he gave me a slight bend of the head to indicate that my fears were well founded. I was so shocked. The cottage was one of our best, the people well to do_ of the engineer class. The baby was only five weeks old_ the poor young mother with a pure brow and sweet innocent eyes_ with that horror gnawing in her mouth and hoarsening the tones of her voice_ could not be more than twenty years old. Her baby could scarcely draw the scanty nourishment she could give, for their mouths were too sore for them to eat. I think the little innocent lips appealed to whatever maternal instinct I have, the wee mouth that was so dry and burning when the mother coaxed it open. When the husband came for medicine at night, Tom taxed him with having been diseased, and told him his wife and child bore the punishment of his sin. He was too ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B28_F1_I1_p113.jpg) much shocked to deny it, but trusted there was some mistake his case had been so slight (a lie this we afterwards found) he had been so long cured. "Oh his wife was such a good woman, it couldn't couldn't be she should be so afflicted!" Tom told him that it could not be cured so that the system was not tainted – and now the poor wife and the baby she bore him were poisoned too. – The man went away staggering as if he was drunk utterly overcome. Has a woman a right to know her disease? Is it her duty to go on bearing children to a man – who are to be accursed to the third and fourth generation? 27th For once Tom's birthday brings us good words. The Company send resolutions requesting him to agree to an arbitration either of three or five persons. A funny thing happened today. Mr Meese burst in purple with terror, taking refuge from Jones. He stayed here all the afternoon. 28th Tom went over this morning and pacified Jones, so then we carried Meese back to his duties in the town. After this we sleighed out to Green's ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B28_F1_I1_p114.jpg) where was a Swede lying very sick. I stayed there while Tom mounted one of the carriage horses and rode over to Gus Peterson's who is also lying very sick. Both men were threatened with Pneumonia apparently. Tom was much pleased to see the headway Peterson and Lefstrom had made on their farms: he said he hoped he could now say the settlement was fairly founded whether he lived or died We felt elate with hope of recovering something from the Company. 29th My dear Tom left for Phila and Washington. He hopes to settle with the Company and to carry forward the League Island property. I trust he will not be sick when he gets down: he looked and felt badly. All the morning we trotted through the snow together marking view trees that is, trees to be cut away to open the view. The men are cutting the ice now, but a heavy thaw has set in. I am so anxious to have Tom realise enough to make him feel able to stay here. It is so lovely here, and he loves it. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B28_F1_I1_p115.jpg) Jan. 30, 1869 105 30th Raining, sleeting, snowing blowing_ horrible weather all day. Little "Fatima" pigeon was found half dead though she endured all the winter weather before. I busied myself indoors_ a little work on the sewing machine_ hearing the children's lessons, writing to Aunt Ann, Dunn the Catholic Priest, and one or two business notes. Then I wrote a little "composition" and read all the newspapers, and so to bed to lie awake listening to the whistling wind. 31st The dreariest day! Poor "Little Widow" pigeon picked up frozen stiff. I kept the children with me, reading a good deal to them. I wrote a long letter to Papa, a shorter one to Tom, and read The Independent, my Bible, and West on Diseases of Women. Thought also as steadily as I could hold my incapable mind to it on a branch of Woman's Rights that Tom and I have much at heart. 1st February Cleared up at noon, and though very cold the elder children walked to the village with me, and then to the ice pond. Nohlquist tumbled in, by the bye. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B28_F1_I1_p116.jpg) Harry Clay's advice – best to settle for land– 2d February. Snowing hard all day. I was busy, sewing, teaching and writing. One of the Blue Beard pigeons was found frozen. 3rd Snowing, or raining, or sleeting. I busied myself with the usual round of sewing, teaching and writing. Dismal news from Tom in the evening. The Company made default of 2d mortgage payment on 2d February. Mr Price <(atty. Eli K Price> advised Tom that his was a case either for ne= =gotiation or law in McKean. Tom saw both Fraley and Clay. Clay assured him as a friend that he could not collect one cent: that he had examined into the matter carefully and wished he would take his only chance of getting anything, namely in land. I don't see how he could get that either now! Feb 4. Harry in a fever all night, so I was much awake watching her and fretting over poor Tom's disappointment. At least nine inches of soft wet snow fell in the night, and every bough is weighted down. If it would only clear! I ought to go to the village for I greatly ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B28_F1_I1_p117.jpg) fear $531 County Orders which Tom sent to Ridgway for collection on the 29th have been stolen by the Express Agent who was to collect them. It would only be a pretty little dramatic finish to the rest of our bad news. February 7th 1869. On Thursday afternoon as it drew towards evening I was thankfully remembering that this day at least Tom was not exposed to the wild furious snowstorm, when Martha came to me, "Mr Kane I'm sure it is the General riding up on the load of ice." I ran to the door, and there he was! Oh how tired and weary he was! I made him lie down before tea, and very soon after he went to bed and slept the sleep of exhaustion till sunrise. I was very anxious to know about what he had come to consult me but nobly held my tongue so as not to rouse him by questions. So we talked all Friday, wrote all Saturday, and tonight he leaves me again for Washington. February 14. We have had a week of thaw, and the Swedes have had to stop hauling. I am ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B28_F1_I1_p118.jpg) League Island x Alaskan matters Harrisburg work Home of Refuge Compromise settlement For Two State Roads with McK & E. R & I. Co almost too fluttered to write, for the women left a lamp flaring up to the ceiling, the wooden ceiling in their room, and Jane just went in, in time to find the flame up far above the blackened chimney and the oil boiling. Thank God for our escape! Tom has compromised with the Co: He resigns his agency, and we become the owners of the eleven cottages and the Leiper interest in the Erie Mining Co: _ at least I think these are the terms. At any rate Tom rates the values acquired at $40.000. He also gets <$> 15.000 in 2a Mtge Bonds He is away in Washington having been renewing political ties, and helping his League * Island interests. He also wished to ascertain what was doing in Alaskan matters. He writes that he found this and Polar matters honorably post- -poned and that he may anticipate a happy summer at home. He hoped to leave for Harrisburg yesterday where he intended to help the House of Refuge Appropriation, and to try to put through two bills for the x two State Roads. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B28_F1_I1_p119.jpg) 1869 - Feby 28 Carlo dies Elisha and I had a terribly fatiguing walk in the woods yesterday. We went into a road which I supposed went a few hundred yards only, but it seemed to keep on for miles, and then when we did reach the end, instead of terminating in the Big Level Road as I ima- -gined it would, it ended altogether at a log cutting. I thought it was parties stealing from Lot 74, but Barnes whom I saw today says he thinks I went over into Wetmore Tp. not on the Company's land at all. Tom will know. Feb 28th 1869 Poor Carlo died this morning of Pleuro- -Pneumonia after several days of intense suffering. March 3. Last week we had very cold weather. Aunt Ann writes that they have at last ice for their ice-houses. Tom was at home on a visit and left again on Monday. He suffered much with rheumatism while here, but I hope he was as happy as I was in his company. Tomorrow inaugurates a new regime with the new President. Today, to gather together great and small items I took Mrs Nicholls sleigh riding ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B28_F1_I1_p120.jpg) March 21st Palm Sunday. Tom is again away. He was at home four days, during which we discussed and decided against his attempting to obtain the Governorship of Washington Territory. He went to Harrisburg on Wednesday. It is still very cold, and the snow is knee-deep. A cousin of mine from Scotland has been staying here ten days or so. I have accomplished 6 shirts for Lyle and am making myself a dress of black and blue. — 26th Tom back! April 6th Little Evan's eighth birthday. We hoped yesterday morning to be rid of the snow but this morning I waked up to find a white fairy world. The snow fell at intervals all day (though the air was mild) and adhered to the tree stems and twigs, being moist. I stayed in bed to breakfast having enough neuralgia to make me quite sick. Yesterday Tom left for Washington via Harrisburg. On Sunday we re-discussed the Washington Territory idea, Tom thinking that the position of Governor's wife would give me a name and that visiting ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B28_F1_I1_p121.jpg) Gov. Utah appointed. Home of Refuge Tom says he sees her as a writer appropriation Utah and seeing the world would be useful to me. He thinks he can make a writer of me We agreed he should go and find out if the place was one we would like and could get. But he had hardly started before the newspaper told me that the Delegate was nomi= =nated for Governor. I presume he kept on to Harrisburg as he had business there. For my part I am very thankful not to go, and besides — I think there will be other work to do. I lost my book for several days. During this interval Tom was at home with rheumatism, but he was much with me and we passed the time discussing many things. While he was in Harrisburg he greatly advanced the cause he had at heart, the appropriation of $100.000 to the House of Refuge to buy and build upon a farm for the lads. I hope he will be able to finish the matter satisfactorily now. There is another thing too. He is trying to get up a Board ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B28_F1_I1_p122.jpg) x Moved by the spirit. of State Charities. If it is created he will be a Commissioner. It will not give him money but it will enable him to do a great deal of good. He promises to take me with him. I think he esteems my mind more highly than he should, but if I can do any good by writing I would be so glad. My thoughts turn towards the "Woman Question" moved thereto by certain perplexities of my own. My dearest Tom thinks of being moved by the x Spirit, but I dare hardly hope to do any service by so poor a pen as mine. 14th April. Tom writes to me "I will not be back before the 1st of May. And do you write me to Bolton's if you cannot give me full permission to apply for the Governorship of Utah. I have thought over it as carefully as was due you I say "this horrid disappointment (for I missed it by one day only) was a Warning or a Call. I would say the first, if I had turned back. But I didn't. I returned as far as Harrisburg and there experienced that, cheer- -fully as I made my sacrifice for you, I could not ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B28_F1_I1_p123.jpg) promise that I would ever be cheerful. I asked myself: am I content sure that I will be able to conceal from my darling my discontent, never say to her a word of reproof, or show a sign of repining? And, I continued, which is more really fidelity and truth, to tell my wife this or not? Which is the more true fidelity to a man's dearest friend? The only reason I did not give my -self my answer promptly was a bewilderment of being caused by that Expectation_ which I never could keep out of my mind, as it was putting nerve and fire into my being such as I had never had since the War. _ This goes to the Bow-wows with the others. Write, I said; _ but you had better telegraph if your answer is, Yes. For I will otherwise lose Utah as I lost the other (And Utah will be much harder to get.) Too bad, too bad! _ Say, to disguise your meaning: "Glad things went so well. Don't hurry home. All well, E D K" If I don't receive a telegram I will come home" ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B28_F1_I1_p124.JPG) ?? won't let Tom shift decision to her- Why should this letter make me so very sad! I was prepared to go with him to Washington Territory, and it is not merely a revulsion from my joy when Mr Flanders was appointed. It is only because it contains the assurance that what he has tried to hide from me, I was not mistaken in fearing. He cannot be contented here, and I must bid farewell to hopes of a happy life. Tom is not made to be happy but to dwell on cold and naked cliffs. He would make a Xavier or Loyola or a Pascal, and I am utterly commonplace. I don't feel, when I come to realities the least particle of a call to go to Utah or anywhere else. But I told Tom when he went away that I was determined only in one thing, and that was ?? that he must rely on his own judgment and not on my feelings to decide his action. I will not have to endure seeing him die of discontent because I have chained him to my side here. I cannot pretend to share the elevation of his soul, but I do love him, and ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B28_F1_I1_p125.jpg) x Not going to let him say she held him back see that he gave up his desires to please me in settling here. When I wrote to him that I was not to have a child as we hoped _ I knew the effect it would have _ and I might have kept silence, but I felt that it would not be loyal to him. Even now I might keep quiet and not telegraph my consent, and every day of delay militates against him. But I have telegraphed, losing no time. He shall not have to say I have held x him back. And indeed I cannot say now that I want him to fail. If he is going to be unhappy here, I could not be happy. But I think he will fail, for it would be too much of a dramatic finale to my Story _ Success crowns our efforts, summer coming to smile on our lovely place, the house finished to my entire satisfaction, and to my idea a life's work of happy usefulness before us, _ and then sound drums and off we go leaving it all to go to destruction! I have only one feeling as if he would go, ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B28_F1_I1_p126.jpg) and that is that we always get a little gleam of sunshine in our troubles before it comes on to storm very heavily. And I was afraid things were looking too pleasant to last. Oh dear! Oh dear! I can't pray against it or for it _ one way there is trouble to Tom's spirit, and the other way I fear his body can't stand the work, and I do hate so to leave my home. I will ask God to decide for us, and pray Him to make the one of us who is disappointed content. Either way it is a heavy trouble to me. 16th April. I have nothing further from my dear Tom. I have neuralgia and feel sad and sick, but what is worse is that my dear old Jane is sick too. I hope it is only a bilious attack, but it would be a sad end to my Kane nursery if I left that true and faithful friend sleeping under the trees here. Nohlquist went down to Wilcox with the oxen yesterday and came home very drunk. Thomas coaxed him to bed, but he went off this morning ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B28_F1_I1_p127.jpg) GRANT appointed gov of N. Mexico. x uncertainty prevents enjoyment. to another Swede's, and I suppose will make a regular "burst" of it before he comes back. I am so lonely and frightened. A nice thing it would have been if Tom had carried out one of his "castles", and left me here "in comfort" while he killed himself among the polar icebergs! Bad as going to Utah would be, it isn't so bad as that! I see that Grant gave one gubernatorial appointment yesterday _ that of New Mexico. Utah was not mentioned. Today is I sup- -pose Tom's first day of trying for it. God bless him with success if it will be good for him. This is really a spring-like day such as we have in February in Philadelphia I have Barnes clearing up the fallow by the ice- -pond, Landrigan has been pulling up the stumps in the garden, and _ it would be so sweet to oversee them if I could take a step without wondering whether it was any use. x I have had to be up at Whiskeytown and the Round House several times lately. I daresay the walk yesterday was rather too long! ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B28_F1_I1_p128.jpg) 16th Wedding Anniversary 4/21/69 Sunday. 18th April. Jane is a little better. Poor Tom wrote me a note saying "The appointment solicited will not be made." He is evidently terribly disappointed May God comfort him! 21st April. I have been sixteen years married today. I hoped to have my darling here, al= =though I was obliged to telegraph to him yesterday that he need not return as Jane is nearly well again. God bless and guide us in the future! I had a little note on Monday promising a long letter the next day, but it has not come. Dr Freeman was here by two o' clock yesterday I had already been out visiting two patients, but I accompanied him after dinner to see four. He says I walked quite four miles. I know I was awfully tired, but I wanted to visit these people with him and to find out what he thought He has gone now to see some people in the village, and I am wondering when my darling my darling will come home. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B28_F1_I1_p129.jpg) View on Utah governorship. GRANT ASSURES VISIT July 11th Such a long time since I wrote! The world has gone well with us, Tom is offere prom= =ised the office of Commissioner of Public Charities, which, while it gives him no money, does give him position and will greatly help me to a name if I am ever to become a writer. Grant has volunteered us a visit: and, if he comes will be here by the end of the month. Governor Durkee of Utah assures Tom that he will willingly resign in his favour: and, I suppose there is no doubt that Tom can obtain the position. But Tom and I are, as usual, changing places. Originally Tom took up the idea of Utah when he experienced his disappointment about [---] as a pis-aller. He thought the position of Governor's wife would be a useful one for me. He believed I might be of service to my sex as a writer upon the great question of Woman's Rights, and thought the experience I should gain would be invaluable to me. At first the idea of leaving home was horrible to me, and my thoughts on the pro= =posed subject I felt were valueless to the world. Now ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B28_F1_I1_p130.jpg) I am perfectly willing to go, and I find my thoughts incessantly turning on the subject proposed. Tom begins to doubt whether he will apply for the post. It may be a delusive gleam of fortune, but apparently we shall not absolutely need to leave here because we cannot afford to stay. The Commissionership of Public Charities would prevent Tom from moulding, as it were, in our shady retirement. ~ Or if he fails to get the Commissionership, then he desires eagerly to go and seek his fate _ or fortune somewhere alone, for a few years. Utah, he says he only desired for me. He says he is not dis- -satisfied with the progress I have made in writing, but as he half-jestingly exclaims he is half afraid of the conclusions I might come to. Absurd as this seems, it is certain that the trains of thought I have been pursuing lead logically to Polygamy_ if we are to admit what most people seem to admit_ that men are not made to be as chaste as women. Then_ if men are not made so that it is within the bounds of their human capacity of virtue_ to be either absolutely chaste or the faithful husband of one woman_ it ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B28_F1_I1_p131.jpg) Problem of Polygamy seems to me that we are thrown upon one of two conclusions_ either Christ did not mean by his teachings to prohibit Polygamy, and in that case the teachings_ I know nothing yet of their results_ of Brigham Young are correct — or else Christ is proved to be no God by his preaching what a God would have known to be an impossibility. As both of these conclusions are simply hideous to me a Christian, and the single wife of a faithful husband, I must either close my mind to the subject, or prove to my own satisfaction that God did not make man less chaste than woman. Were it possible to prove this_ then I might hope to teach something that would be useful to women, but without proving this, I should find my= =self forever arriving at the end of blind alleys. There is a carpet downstairs of an apparently simple pattern, a series of oak-coloured wriggling marks upon a plum coloured ground. Sometimes while Tom is singing, I find my eyes trying to follow out a clear "lead" of the ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B28_F1_I1_p132.jpg) purple ground, but wherever I set out the way is soon barred by a interlocking branches of the oak colour. Yet I feel sure I shall one day thread its mazes. It is so with my thoughts: I am inclined to try patiently the many ways which present themselves until I find out one which is not barred. First I must study diligently what Christ did say, and try to part it from what Paul and Peter said which is ground into my mind so that I find it hard to separate it from Christ's word. Next I would like to jot down from time to time the difficulties that present themselves, the blind alleys up which I travel to find "No Thoroughfare" at the end. Before setting any of these down, I find myself constructing a theory which I want to fill out with facts. I know very well that my facts should construct my theory, but I will confess my weakness to my Diary. A year hence I would like to see what change Time has wrought in my Theory. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B28_F1_I1_p133.jpg) E.D.K' states her THEORY ON WOMEN My Theory is: That man was created to be the partner of one woman. Physically stronger than the woman, ages of sinful indul= =gence on his part increased his polygamous propensities, until the unnatural condition of the present man has been reached. Woman, only attracting man by there physi= =cal charms, underwent a physical change. Originally only capable of conceiving once a month, and having no desire for her mate at other times, she learned to become less chaste than other female animals, became capable of conceiving and of desiring at other times, and so fostered the unnatural passions of man. Physiologists teach that this is the case with other animals ennervated by con= =finement. The whole state of our humani= =ty is now abnormal. Men and women grow up stimulated by the whole tone of the unconscious education they receive from their elders to look upon their intercourse simply from a sexual point of view. Marrying or ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B28_F1_I1_p134.jpg) E D. K on Women lovemaking enter into all the thoughts of young people of either sex in connection with the other. Since Christ taught it is become general among Christians to consider monogamy right, without ceasing to act as they did when polygamy had become the rule. After marriage a man who has been chaste all his previous life thinks he is right in putting no restraint upon his passions, and his wife is so glad to be sole possessor of his love that she encourages him. They honestly believe themselves better and purer than others- not only that, but good and pure, because they neither make any attempt to prevent concep= =tion nor to destroy the unborn child. There is no lie in the sneering accusation made that good men, clergymen particularly, kill their wives or ruin their health by excessive childbearing, and the better, the purer the more saintly a married woman is the sooner she falls a martyr to her marriage vow. Her good instincts recoil against the unnatural prevention of chil conception, and the unborn child is at once felt to be a gift of God, however the ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B28_F1_I1_p135.jpg) EDK on Women unwelcome her wicked heart, she thinks, may feel it. Next come the second-rate women- good women still, who would rather die if they must choose, than have their unsatisfied master unfaith= =ful to them- but who adopt in the effort to save their lives, methods of preventing conception. Far below them come the women who would rather see their husbands unfaithful than sub- -mit their tortured bodies wholly to them, and worst of all the women who will mur= =der the unborn baby because its coming is unwished for. No man can understand the state a woman has reached who can do that. But every woman who has borne a child knows [illegible line] [illegible] the intensely tender yearning she felt for the little unconscious creature the secret of whose life was hidden within her, known only to the Giver of Life beside. I fear that in the delicate state of American women's health- in the abnormal condition they have reached, there is no woman ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B28_F1_I1_p136.jpg) E.D.K on women x Theory Hopes of the first class who lives to reach the age of forty who does not suffer from some one of the class of Women's Diseases of Women And the second class may not die of child- bearing but diseases come to them from the prevention of child-bearing. The class also includes many who never ought to have married and to whom marriage is physical wretchedness. Besides the third class who are sure to suffer physically also, are the prostitutes whose lives are only worth a few years purchase. This is not an exaggerated statement. Is there no remedy? Must we die or drag on lives of pain_ or submit to have our husbands love cease for us, or he become unfaithful! What may the "Good Time Coming" do for Women? My Theory hopes: X That the Marriage Vow may no longer be felt by the best women to bind upon them the absolute giving up of their bodies to their husbands' control. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B28_F1_I1_p137.jpg) E.D.K's views on women. And Human Law must set them free first unasked, for it will be long after that before they will learn to believe that Divine Law does not require that absolute self sacrifice. That Women's health will be greatly improved by the more general knowledge of the laws of hygiene which the possession of good women doctors whom they may con- -sult will give. That these doctors will intimate to mothers of growing daughters- Such a girl's health requires watching- such a girl is not formed to be a healthy mother- train her not to dwell upon matrimony- turn her thoughts upon her future profession. If such a girl does marry, let her not rush blindly upon her fate. Forewarned she is to some extent fore-armed. Some conventional idea of delicacy may be destroyed- but I do not think actual purity will be injured- if our girls unconsciously imbibe as they grow up a knowledg of their own physical structure and functions. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B28_F1_I1_p138.jpg) The purest child is aware that its performs many functions: yet no pure child dwells upon the thought. God must have thought Mary a virgin in mind and soul as well as body yet and therefore ours must be a conventional idea of delicacy which yet would most certainly be shocked should our maiden daughter be capable of making the answer Mary returned to Gabriel. Now we train our sweetest flowers of womanhood to such delicate purity that marriage is a fearful shock to them, and every wife struggles thenceforward to reassert to herself that she is as pure and honorable in her matronhood as in her virgin innocence. Yet they feel that they are not as pure as they were, and they train their own daughters as they were trained. It ought not to be so: the flowers that blossom so exquisitely as to be our symbol of delicacy and beauty bear fruit in all honour, and God formed us too to bear our fruit in its due time, and we ought to have an honourable pride in our maturity. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B28_F1_I1_p139.jpg) My wives of the future will have healthy bodies: they will deem them as worthy of pres= =ervation as their apple trees or their cows, or brood-mares, and will consider the bringing their own fruit to perfection as a noble care. There will not be so many children conceived, but there will be many more healthy chil= =dren reared. ~?? Skip to A. 9 Pages further on. 131 B. We are told that if Woman's Suf= =frage and its attendant duties come upon us we shall lose our delicate pink and white colour, our softly flaccid muscles, all that lovely languor which at once attracts and re- -tains the affections of our males. Hear what The Tribune gives from the "St Pauls or St James Magazine as "My Ideal" ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B28_F1_I1_p140.jpg) Did the author reflect what would become of his kittenish ideal, when twenty or even ten years had wilted all that pinkiness? The tales of Chivalry are very well. A grand delightful time the fair ladies of the knights must have had while they were tilted for. But how about the time when their bloom was past. And how about the plain ones? There is nothing said of them. They couldn't all have been witches! And there are so many of us who are plain nowadays, and never were pink, or cushiony or golden-haired. May we vote? And all the men cry, Amen! Then let our pink sisters look out for their laurels. For "Age will not wither us, nor custom stale "Our infinite variety." Come, "ye women that live at ease, ye careless women" you have been coaxed and flattered long ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B28_F1_I1_p141.jpg) enough. We never cared to dispute your supre- -macy, but if mere assertion is to have weight listen to mine ours! Trained in school together– the boys will see you pink dunces at the foot of the class as we always saw you and rated you according- -ly. Not taught to look forward to love and matrimony as the only future of women boys and girls will estimate each other more as brothers and sisters do. The amiable and intelligent, the merry and healthy will be more thought of than the merely pretty fool. We have a better right to assume that we will be amiable and merry than you, because our muscular developement objected to by your advocates indicates health, and even you know how much more amiable and merry a healthy girl is than a sick one. We shall be trained by our parents as our brothers are to the calling best suited to our nature. Trust Americans to put their girls when they find out they can be useful, ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B28_F1_I1_p142.jpg) to useful employments. Nowadays an heiress, plain or pretty, needs not seek suitors. When an amiable and intelligent woman is capable of earning a good income she is quite as likely to be sought in marriage as her pretty, silly sister. You sneer and say "The children, the children" We are prepared to admit_ that there may be less of animal passion in the first years, less of animal habit in after years of matrimony But while women are women and men men God has so created them that they shall love and bring forth children. But we intelligent women will not marry men who have led impure lives, to impart their syphilitic taint to us and our children. We will rear the children God gives us better than you will, they will have healthy minds in healthy bodies, and will honour us as most great men have to honour the women who were their mothers. Our husbands will not be in the ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B28_F1_I1_p143.jpg) habit of looking upon us only as the com= =panions of an idle hour, and we may not use all the little intellect and money we have in so dressing ourselves as to stimulate the passions which will gratify themselves by destroying us. If our husbands are interested in politics they will seek to gain our votes, and we have as good a right to assume that they will treat us courte= =ously as you have to assume that we shall be maltreated. There are few husbands who can hold their tongues when they come home so well that they keep their wives absolutely ignorant of their affairs. We appeal to husbands to bear witness whether their homes are happier or less happy when they have wives in whose intelligence they can so thoroughly confide as to make them aware of all their business troubles. Are their homes less well managed when the Minister of the Interior knows why, when, and where she must spend or spare. Is it no comfort for a man to turn his weary ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B28_F1_I1_p144.jpg) steps homeward sure of sympathy when he re- -counts his troubles. Or is sympathy less com= =forting in proportion as it is more intelligent? Suppose a pair sufficiently well off to enable the wife to devote herself to caring for the house and bringing up her children; is her husband going to suffer by her having such a knowledge of medicine that she can keep her household in health? Is it out of the question that the trained shrewdness her legal education gave her is to render her hints worth having? Is her interest in the politics of the country to be detrimental to the young legis= =lators growing up around her knees? Is she to be a less good and methodical house- -keeper because she was trained to be an accurate book-keeper? The danger will be that men will find it pays better to have their wives continue the practice of their profession, and be unwilling to relinquish them to the duties of maternity. But a road will open to those who seek it. I ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B28_F1_I1_p145.jpg) E.D.K essay on possible developments leading to better days for Women. have no doubt that a woman who could bring herself down to the intellectual level of a cow during the time given to each child's making and suckling would bring into the world healthier animals than one whose mind is working intense -ly. But the main thing to be desired is that a woman should be happy, that her child may be so. And a woman whose thoughts are worth money, or who is conscious that she is thoroughly competent to perform the intellectual labour she has on hand is happier than the well meaning muddler, penny-wise and pound-foolish whose distressed mind labours incessantly in vain efforts to economise. The lives of our upper class women are so denuded of occupation that they would go mad for want of something to do if they had any methodical habits. On the contrary they are studiously taught to waste time slowly. Have those who clamour against women's devoting time to politics to enable them to vote as intelligently as their husbands or fathers, ever asked themselves how they do spend their ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B28_F1_I1_p146.jpg) x obviously Mrs. K., our diarist. time, or how they might arrange to dispose of real occupations? Even the greatest advocate of the "feminine woman" will hardly claim that her time is well spent in what are called "morning calls," shopping, embroidering "fancy" work, balls and parties. Their great gun, St Paul, is down upon their dressing, so we need not discuss the amount of time they spend on that. Among women a little less rich, who are blessed with real work_ a little method would give them far more leisure. I knew a very busy mother of three little children. She was boarding and her his so had no housekeeping to do, but her one servant tended the children, kept her rooms in order, and did her washing and ironing. Of course Mrs had to give a great portion of her own time to the children. Yet she wrote daily to her husband who was in the war, attended to his business correspondence which was large, had her weekly day at the nearest Hospital, and did all her own sewing. And she was keenly alive to all the events of the war perusing the newspapers daily, and taught the two ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B28_F1_I1_p147.jpg) elder children. She was obliged to economise, and therefore after considering what she might best do_ decided to give up paying or receiving morning calls. Once a week she went out with her lists and bought anything that was needed. The time saved from morning calls set her free to do all her writing. Her baby learned to go to sleep to the chant of the sewing machine, and was always nursed by her mother reclining in asoft old easy-chair. Mrs_ told me Baby was accustomed to her habit of reading at that time, and she enjoyed rest of mind and body herself. When twilight came she put aside her work and played with the children_ a time she chose because her heart grew heavy then missing her absent husband. He thinks she ought to vote, and her boys say, "Mother, we don't want to vote till we can escort you to the poll." Poorer women still, labourers' and mechanics' wives have as much time as they have, and if their husbands would stay at home and inform the minds of both, the pair ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B28_F1_I1_p148.jpg) by reading the newspapers aloud in the evenings there would be less drunkenness and fewer unhappy homes. 129 A. My Theory will have boys trained in the future to believe that they ought to be as chaste as women, and that if women bear the pain of child-bearing as their trial_ they on their side have to fight harder to be chaste_ but are bound to fight. The married are to be temperate, not preventing the coming of children in any other way than by fasting and prayer, compelling themselves to live together like brother and sister when it is expedient that they should not have children, and coming together again when they feel that they may, with thankful hearts. I would have every syphilitic man castrated, every prostitute separated for life from the world. I would have the right of divorce free to every woman whose husband broke his marriage vow, but I would allow neither to marry again. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B28_F1_I1_p149.jpg) Modern education I would do away with all that modern plan of education which while it studiously strengthens a man's physical system, as sedulously ener= =vates a girl's. Women may lose their fragile greenhouse beauty of a few years, but they will be beautiful longer, for they will not fade so soon. And the woman who is to be the companion of a man's life will be longer admirable in his eyes than the diseased and worn out shadow into whom his rosebud girl fades. Women who wish to retain their husband's love without kindling their lust will strive to make themselves intellectually charming, and will aid them to be successful in conquering their pas- -sions instead of dressing to provoke them because physical charms are the only hold they have upon their hearts. And as they will look forward to the birth of each child as a day to be preceded by a honeymoon of love and hap- -piness even sexual love will last longer. A healthy woman who loves her husband ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B28_F1_I1_p150.jpg) will then come joyfully to his arms feeling it at once her joy and duty to give herself to him and crown his forbearance. When the hoped for coming of a child is made known, it will not be a source of dread, for its place in the home circle has been already decided to be ready. How it is now too many know. One grumbles at the additional burden on a limited purse, one sighs and submits as to a duty, one feels it the curse of woman, and most of them suffer more than they need because they are, unknown to themselves, victims of incurable disease. The relaxed and flaccid muscles of our American modern women cannot endure the weight of the gravid womb, nor do they recover their tone after child birth by the time the woman is again moving about, and exposing herself to all the other causes of disease of the womb and its appendages to which she is peculiarly liable. B ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B28_F1_I1_p151.jpg) C. It is worth while to construct from the Woman's Rights point of view an explanation of the Story of the Fall. Let me think that out. comment by grandson of Diarist: Read and re-read 1st. 6 chapters of Genesis. See at end of Ch. 1. "created Man in his own image- Male and female created he them and he called THEIR name ADAM" Skip to same day- Adam meant "Mankind." Ch VI. Repeats above and continues generations of Adam as if uninterrupted by The rib Story, the "talking snake," SYBIL rejection of Cain's offering of garden st[-]rve produce, "Naked" Eve; etc-which looks but shut to me like a priestly insert. On that 4 chapter addition of fancy work rests the whole nonsense of "Original Sin" and Ma[-]y church revenue from its priestly forging – "sins like this one expiates for Woman as Eve is pictured as half a crown a piece" the temptress who thereafter suffers. -Robber Brown Ejected from Eden man buys or works his way back in again.) in Bab Ballads ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B28_F1_I1_p153.jpg) October 18th 1869. <(Gen. Kane's only sister)> Bessie Kane Shields, my sister, is to be buried today. She died five minutes before eleven P.M. on the 14th. Today the first snow of the year is falling, melting as it comes, and every now and then the sun struggles out. The majority of the trees are still green, the children are playing with her poor little Helen, who is perfectly uncon= =scious that she has undergone such a loss. She cares as little as the leaves do for their companions' fluttering to the ground. Tom has gone down to the funeral. Bessie's illness came on in May. She had recovered strength unusually well after her confinement in March. But she went to town and after fatiguing herself in looking for servants went to dine at _ There she received a shock that affected her nerves. On returning home she had nervous chills, lost appetite _ and gradually grew worse and worse. Some doctors incline to think softening of the brain set in. Six weeks ago she was struck with paralysis. She rallied slowly. On Monday last she had three convulsions, which ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B28_F1_I1_p154.jpg) left her unconscious and free from pain. She lingered in this condition till Thursday night, dying without any return of consciousness. Novr 20th It has snowed much lately, and there have been fearful storms of wind. The snow was about a foot deep yesterday, and upon this there fell 15 inches in the night Tom is one of the Commissioners of State Charities. May God bless the work. Novr 24th. The sun is shining on the snow for the first time in many days, and my spirits rise although my head aches and Tom is away. He left here on Monday to attend the first meeting of the Commissioners of his new Board. There was a good deal of anxious thought about this same Commissionership, and now it is really his. I have the hope that I may settle down at home without the idea of moving off, and these stray gleams of sunshine on the walls seem like so many reassuring caresses My dear home! I hope Tom will find that the work is not too much for his strength. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B28_F1_I1_p155.jpg) Tom elected Pres. Board of Charities and that I may find it practicable to keep house without overrunning our present income more than we have calculated upon doing. __ Tom is teaching me Political Economy; and seems to be hopeful about my progress in writing. 25th November Elisha is 13 years old today. He says he has spent a delightful day. The children had a holiday, the air though cold was still and the sun shone brightly. Their lady mother joined the little ones in coasting and enjoyed it as much as any one. No letter from Tom. Decr 3. We had a thaw and violent rains on Monday and Tuesday reducing the snow to a few inches, but it is six again now <(fresh)> and icy cold: horribly cold. Harry and I walked to the post office, and there found a letter from Tom. On Wednesday, the 1st inst. the first meeting of the Board of Charities was held. The Governor assigned to Tom the five year term, and he was unanimous by chosen President. May God give him health and means to perform its duties. Inclination he ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B28_F1_I1_p156.jpg) Reading Mills "Political Economy" has enough. The dear fellow gave me a surprise on Friday last. Finding that the first meeting of his Board was deferred until the 1st he came home and stayed till Monday morning: three very happy days. December 12th Sunday. It has rained all day, but the icy snow seems to resist the water. There must be four inches yet on the ground. I have been taking advan- tage of the thaw to attempt stopping the leak in the dam at our icepond. Tom is still away, busily occupied with his Public Charities, He meant to go Tuesday night to Washington, and on his return to stop over today at Wilmington with joy John. I have been busy with sewing, having made two pairs of drawers for myself, a pretty little frock for Helen, and quite a gorgeous one, with a flounce all round for Harry. Then I have read Mill's Po- litical Economy an hour a day, answered all the letters that came and have written ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B28_F1_I1_p157.jpg) Grant's visit to us down to the end. I have revised and recopied all but a few pages which I shall have more than leisure to finish before my husband returns. Harry was sick for two days with cold and fever, and so irritable yester- day that one could hardly speak to her without provoking an outburst. Left alone here, money cares press upon me. We have so much unproduc- tive property, so little that is productive! The rents of the cottages alone bring us any -thing in, beyond the hay potatoes and milk we raise. The Chicago Stock's dividends all go to pay Papa, the Company's Mortgage Bonds won't sell and will probably turn into more unproductive land _ the Roberts Lot brings nothing as yet, nor does this prop erty so long as we do not oblige the lot holders to pay up, and the Meadow Property at Schuylkill Point only pays enough to cover the taxes and interest of the mortgage upon it. Tom can get no employment ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B28_F1_I1_p158.jpg) Note: This runs in the family. How often my father, her son recommended reading. "The Gilded Age" col. Sellers that will bring us anything in at present. he called himself How gladly we would sell some of our property at a sacrifice if any one would buy it. We really own an immensely valuable set of properties, and I feel as if it ought to be a mockery in me to ask God to provide us our daily bread when we are so rich. Yet I am like Tantalus _ my riches won't feed me! I don't feel as if we were wronging the children by letting Tom take this post of Commr of Charities _ 1st because he has no lucrative employment open to him now. 2d Because he does not hurt them by making his name known among men of good repute. 3rd because; he cannot be happy without being usefully employed and I think this occupation is good for him body, mind and heart. Moreover it does seem as if it was a God-given piece of work. But then we must have bread to eat. Practically I cannot reduce our ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B28_F1_I1_p159.jpg) 1869 expenses _ though theoretically I might. For I could dismiss our servants, sell our horses and eat salt meat instead of fresh. But that would affect Tom's credit, and his influence and all his future fortune inju- riously, and besides he says that when he can educate me into writing I can earn more than I can save from now till then. But I want to know — if I may say so with reverence _ what God thinks. I want to do His Will if I knew it. He does not put it in our power to sell anything, nor as yet to earn. What can I do! Decr 30th The "January thaw" is just over. It be- gan as I succeeded in having the ice pond cleaned out, the dam mended and the old rotten ice cleared out. There was three inches of beautiful clear ice then formed which I lost. __ I thought we should have all the meat spoilt from our pig-killing which also took place just at the beginning of the thaw. The ground here has not been free from snow, but they say the roads were. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B28_F1_I1_p160.jpg) Acquires Jan. 1870 $500 to $600 *Roberts Lot Since I wrote things have gone well with us. The Company paid between 4 <5> and 5 <6>00 dollars I did not expect; Tom is closing up the final transfers which give him the whole Roberts Lot Tract of 800 acres. <*> Then the Chicago Gas Company give us a dividend of $1638 in 10 pc. Bonds for the half year. 2d January 1870. On the 31st ult Dr. Freeman who has been "miffed" about something _ I don't know what_ came and spent the day, a lovely sunshiny day, windless and serene, with an icy crust over the snow. It was a pleasant close to the year to have our good friend restored. Yesterday there were some hours of fine weather during which Tom and I went to Wilcox. Today is raining snowing and blowing, but I feel very happy for there is Peace under our roof, and I am thankful that God has prospered us so well. January 18th Tom is away again taking dear Harry with him. She is to pay her first visit away from home, alone to her Aunt Helen. Tom takes her as far as Philadelphia, and thence she ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B28_F1_I1_p161.jpg) 1870 is to go alone to New York. We have had so long a thaw that there is scarcely any snow left. The ice seems not to have been injured on the pond however, and today was as cold as it was clear. Old Burlingame spent several days here, since I wrote, but with that exception I have had Tom all to myself. He has been teaching me Political Economy, and attending to various business matters, and I have been altering, mend- ing and making Harry's outfit. I shall miss them both so much! Tom has left me a number of things to study but tonight I want energy to do anything. I have commenced clearing up the study; but desist and say Tomorrow! Last night Tom's new suit came home, and when he tried it on it was the absurdest misfit. The trousers were three inches too loose in the waist and so long in the body that they came almost to his armpits. So I, though with great trepida- tion ventured to alter them. I made a great im- provement, but it was nearly midnight before I went to sleep, and this morning I was busy ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B28_F1_I1_p162.jpg) preparing the two dear travellers for their journey Elisha and I walked up with them to the depot, and as the train was delayed by an acci- dent (landslide at Emporium) we walked about until we were tired, before they left. And then we had our long walk back. Tom and I have "struck a vein" of disappointments_ League Island unsuccess- fully brought up for an appropriation_ a scheme about the Hotel failing, and also an application for our 2d Mtge Bonds. But there are plenty of other things. I miss having my "composition" and find Mill and Prison Reports less interesting. 19th Intensely cold in the morning though moderating a little by night. I passed a very busy, and not unhappy day. After breakfast I heard the children's lessons, and then copied extracts from Mill for Tom till noon. Then I accompanied the children to the "coast", where I sleighed nicely over the ice, _ for there is nothing left but ice _ and the dear Willie signalised himself by saying that "since Papa had fixed Mamma's old cow of a sled it was turned into a perfect rushing bull." ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B28_F1_I1_p163.jpg) After dinner I passed a couple of hours copying extracts, then spent the rest of the afternoon making aprons for Helen on the sewing machine while Elisha read "Eight Years in Ceylon" aloud to me. Wrote to Tom and Papa after tea and then finished the extracts Tom had marked to be copied from Jefferson. I sat up till ten, and lay awake in a fidget because the servants lovers were there. Finally I marched to send them off – and they were gone: so I went to sleep, and dreamed of babies and funerals. 20th Jan. Another clear cold day. After breakfast informed my demoiselles that the house must be closed by ten: then packed up and despatched Jefferson to the Library, and spent some time in the kitchen learning plain cookery. Then I sorted the accumulated heaps of letters which Tom had not had time to look over, threw away the valueless and filed the others by their subjects, went upstairs, sewed and heard lessons till twelve, then out coasting ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B28_F1_I1_p164.jpg) till dinner time besides visiting the chickens. After dinner propped up the Rhetoric against the sewing machine and studied as I worked Then adjourned to the "brown study" and fin- ished the Report for 1869 of the Board of State Charities of Massachusetts. Just before tea Kirwan dropped in to pay $50. of his lumber bill _ which was most acceptable as I had but one dollar left. Tom had been obliged to take all we had, as he did not want to draw for a week. I had telegrams from Papa and Tom, announcing Harry's safe arrival in New York yesterday, and Tom's return to Harrisburg today. It is too much exertion for him. Tuesday 25th January. Engaged to Tom this day eighteen years ago. He is sitting beside me writing now, and as I look at him I see the changes the years have wrought. I don't feel any older, but we are both grizzling. I believe however that he does not love me less than he did then, but more, and the more I know him the more I find to love. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B28_F1_I1_p165.jpg) He came home unexpectedly on Saturday having been in great suffering with neuralgia. He had found his Board in great trepida tion. Unknown to him a bargain had been made when the Bill passed that two Democrats should be made members of the Board. The agreement was not kept, and the Democrats, the rest of the Board told him were going to reject them all. Tom said that he would be no party to breaking an agreement actually made: they might have his place, and he would go and see about it. All this is of little moment except that when he told the leading Democrat Mr Wallace that there were two places vacant, and Mr Wallace said "General, you were to be unanimously con- firmed. If you withdraw, we will re- peal the act." Tom feels that a great trust is confided to him, and when he came home, we had a discussion thereupon. He told me that Dawson Coleman ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B28_F1_I1_p166.jpg) mentioned that he and his wife were to visit the White House, to take our time as Grant said we had declined. I confessed to a pin prick of regret on learning that our place was filled, though I declined to go of my own free will. I confessed that I was strongly tempted by ambition, and the desire to meet political celebrities. Tom said it was not too late, it was partly to dis- cuss this he had come home. He was al- ways inclined to choose disagreeable duties_ while it was possible that the pleasant one might be the right one to fulfil. There might be a grand field of national importance before us, for Grant and Cameron both counselled with him. ~ He told me of various incidents which showed how strong a tide might carry us to Washington. I listened and was tempted, but Common Sense inexorably interposed. She said we could not afford to be active in Wash- ington without obtaining a Foreign Ministry to live on, and then where was our Home Influence? The State Charities must be the useful post. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B28_F1_I1_p167.jpg) Jan 28, 1870 I acquiesced, not with the best grace. I see the duty but am not a cheerful giver. It is like the case of little Helen against which instinct rebels, feeling as if I were defrauding myself of a child of my own _ but then I can't have the child, and here Helen is. I hope to learn to be interested both in Helen and the State Charities, but they are not naturally attractive to me. I do hope we shall be able to afford to attend to the State Charities, for money runs fast, and God knows we haven't much. I know dear Tom can be useful in it, and may God bless his labours. Jan: 26th Soft weather with a spring like sky. Tom went out with us in the morning to the coast, where he tramped the slight crust with a view to being remembered next day, and then in the afternoon he went away to Erie. 27th Tom's birthday, 48! Clear and colder. Wrote eight letters to clear off correspondence. A pass over the Penna & Phila & Erie RR. came. Bad news too _ that John's Jean has Scarlet Fever. Poor Mabel is already half dead with sickness. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B28_F1_I1_p168.jpg) 28th. Clear and very cold, though growing milder at nightfall. Busy about household affairs most of the morning, and out of doors more than usual. I first accompanied the children to the coast going up and down it 18 times which makes about 3 miles, and then promised Elisha to go up town with him for the mail after dinner. Mrs Lafferty came to call and before I could escort the good woman up to town, and return home I suppose we made nearly two miles more. I am so tired that I would go to bed if it were not that I have a faint hope Tom may come by the evening train. It is only because he has not written nor answered a telegram I sent him. Dear fellow, his disappointment will be greater even than mine when he learns the failure of the League Island Bill. Where are we to turn! ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B28_F1_I1_p169.jpg) February 1st Cold weather at last with drifting snow. We have begun cutting ice, and Tom and I went to Wilcox through the scuds of snow cloud. We had a very busy morning, so many people coming in to see about paying for their farms. February 6th Tom left in the evening for Harris- burg. We have been excessively busy finishing off arrears of correspondence, and finally plunging into the State Charities work. 7th Gloomy weather. The Methodist minister called, I wrote letters and studied and passed the after- noon in altering a dress. In the evening received a telegram that my father was afraid to let Harry travel from N. Y. to Harrisburg without an escort. So she won't be here on Friday! 8th Snowing all day, but not cold. I am glad we got our ice in last week. My head ached all day so that I was very stupid. Still I made Eve a new shirt on the machine, heard all the lessons, and read "Mill", writing also to Tom and to Lottie Shields 9th Still heavily snowing. Commenced a second shirt for Evy, and heard lessons. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B28_F1_I1_p170.jpg) Tom thinks we will have to sell the Chicago Gas Stock as the League Island Bill has failed, and there appears no prospect of selling either 2d Mortgage Bonds or coal land. I cling desperately to that C. G. S. It is such a very good investment, and if we sell it it can only be eaten up. Besides there are 260 new shares on which we have a credit of $2600, and which will, by the payment of $3900 become wholly ours. The money may be called for in the course of the year, but we have bonds for $5100 which will pay for it, and leave, as they sell at 108 –about $1600 over. Then we would have $13000 face value in a stock which pays – or did pay last year the following dividends on a share $10 credit on a new share, 10 per ct. the first half year, and $4.50 or 18 per ct the next half year, with 18 per ct. also on the $10–that in the share being worth nominally $25, the interest paid on it amounted to $18.80, which would repre- sent at Penna 6 per cent rates a capital of 12 times as great for it is 75 per cent I think. This stock is burdened by a debt of <$>8100 at 7 per cent to Papa, but as the stock is worth at least 21/2 times its face value, & the bonds accumulate so fast we ought to have a nice property outside that Tom hates to sell it too, but then, as he says, What else ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B28_F1_I1_p171.jpg) is to be done? 16th Finished Evan's fifth shirt, I am working and studying faithfully. This morning I however devoted a long time to writing to poor Mr Shields. He hints to me in a letter that he believes himself to have communications with Bessie. I wrote, to discourage the idea, as tenderly as I could. This is the queerest mild winter. To think that it is actually the 16th of February, and I haven't used any of my furs but my muff, and that only once or twice and then have found it inconveniently warm! I wrote to Tom urging him to sell the "Meadows." He says he would, but that Mr Field urges him not to do so. There was a very acrimonious scene at the Company's Annual Meeting between Mr Watts and Mr Fraley: Tom thinks of calling a Meeting of 2d Mtge Bondholders. He says they won't buy, but neither will they sell. He has some faint hopes from the Penna RR. but I haven't, and writes in good spirits. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B28_F1_I1_p172.jpg) Sunday Evening. Feb 20th One of the dullest of long days has come to a close, and the children are gone to bed_ poor Elisha with a sick headache. Evey too has been complaining all day. If the dear little creatures were to be taken ill, wouldn't I be nicely punished for grumbling because I felt dull! The weather is turning cold, and the men think this snow "will lie". Tom hopes to bring Harry back on Wednesday or Thursday. He still writes hopefully a- bout the RR. There is a Bill before Congress to abol- ish Polygamy in Utah. How glad I am that Tom is not Governor! Poor Durkee resigned just in time to die. Last time Tom was in Wash- ington he told Grant that he should not apply for Washington Territory and Mrs Grant said she was so glad. "When Mr Grant told her that he had applied for it she had said "Oh don't give it to him. What will Mrs Kane say!" And the General said _"But he's determined to have it." Funny little bit of Nature! ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B28_F1_I1_p173.jpg) 1870 Feb 22. Today and yesterday were fearfully cold. For instance the ink actually froze in the inkstand, and the thermometer marked but 36 lying on the writing table beside the blazing fire. I finished a new underskirt and black silk dress. I also finished a pair of pantaloons wrong side before, so they must be done over again. Some nice and acceptable rents were paid. March 11. The first day of spring like thaw. This is Friday. On Monday Tom drove me out to White's on Marvin where he met the men of Hamlin Township by appointment. The day was not very cold but snowy and disagreeable. The sleighing was fine however and I was glad I went. Heard of poor old Tommy Barnes' death in the morning. On our return heard that the Trimble Deed was in Mr Clay's possession. Only one deed now remains _that from Peter Morris_ to secure the whole 813 Roberts Lot acres. Tom has been so cheered that he went to Wilcox on Wednesday to see about his R. Road, and again yesterday. He went over the line and satisfied himself of its entire ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B28_F1_I1_p174.jpg) feasibility and cheapness. He also went to hear a poor fellow named Haffey lecture on the Mormons on Tuesday, and on Wednesday he and his wife came to tea. Today Tom and I walked to look at the 6 acres Tom is buying at the end of the vista. We found that Mrs Fox to whom also it is as the land of Jezreel was cutting over our line. Tom has gone this afternoon to see the Barnes baby who caught cold at the funeral. Sunday March 13. I laugh at myself with my spring thaw! "First it thew, then it blew, then it friz horrid!" It has not been cold but has been windy and snowing ever since Friday afternoon. I grew sick after writing those lines and was so all yesterday, and am now thankful to be well. We spent a pleasant Sunday In the evening Tom read us some passages of Esdras and Maccabees. I am glad they were not hackneyed to me for I enjoyed them so much. Wrote to Aunt Ann and to Papa. Tom wrote a letter to Alex. Wood, who yesterday sent him a little pamphlet of which the motto was ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B28_F1_I1_p175.jpg) "Dignare me, laudare te, Virgo sacrata: Da mihi virtutem contra hostes tuos." Tom congratulated him if he had found a rest for his heart, warned him delicately against controversial theology, and renewed his former advice to him to study medicine to act as a missionary in one of the Catholic brotherhoods. I wrote to my father about Dun- can. Harry tells me that she heard that D. had joined some club forbidden by his father, and was afraid to tell him. The annual fees are $72. What a shame that the boy should have that money to waste: that's his mother's fault. Harry also spoke of his boasting of an evening spent in the GreenRoom at Wallack's. I thought Papa ought to know because it was bad for D. to be living with a secret weighing upon him. Tom thinks my telling will do no good; that D. would only talk of his lighter faults before the girls, and that I shall only be putting a young hypocrite upon his guard. I hope not. My dear, dear Father! May God spare him from ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B28_F1_I1_p176.jpg) Deep snow Mar. 20, having to be ashamed of any of his children! He sent me his photograph: he is 62, a stately handsome figure. God has blessed him by making him useful in his age. His days are full of work not for money, nor for fame, but for the love of God and man. Tom has asked me to think whether I ought not to interest myself in our school affairs It has not occurred to me as a duty of mine, but I will think it over. March 20th There has been one of those great storms for which this winter has been remarkable. In Massachusetts there are drifts 18ft deep, and in Buffalo there were drifts of 7. We have a deep snow here but more evenly distributed: about two feet deep. All today it has been raining hard and the air is mild. I fear there will be great floods, and Tom thinks he ought to go Philadelphia-wards tomorrow. He has resisted a temptation. Brig- ham Young wrote to offer him the negotiating of a loan_ on terms which would have relieved ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B28_F1_I1_p177.jpg) us of all our pecuniary embarrassments. But Tom is even now writing to refuse. He will not have money dealings with the Mormons though he will befriend them when he can. Last night's mail brings word that a RR. Bill of Tom's has passed the Senate, but a far more important Bill of which we knew nothing has passed both Houses of the Legislature. This pro- vides for a RailRoad from Altoona to Buffalo passing through "Ridgway or St. Mary's." Either route but especially the former benefits Tom's coal lands enormously. The funds are provided from the Sinking Fund and the road must be made in three years. Tom is going down to Phila now to see if he can in- fluence the adoption of the Ridgway route. Oh if he could but contrive to sell off some of his property to be free from his load of care! Tuesday March 22. Yesterday Tom left for Phila On Sunday afternoon I contrived with my usual want of tact to depress him deeply when I was most ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B28_F1_I1_p178.jpg) B[--]om - EDK view point in too much speculation. anxious to comfort and inspirit him. I thought the new Clearfield & Buffalo RR's coming would obviate the necessity of his constructing his own RR. He spoke of going down to see the State Road Bill through a road which is to run parallel with his RR. and said that his road being graded he would get the 1750 acres of E.M. Co' Lands guaranteed him, and that his share of the taxes would not be more than a thousand dollars, and the cost of his grading would only make the land stand him in about 3.50 0/2 acre. I said thoughtlessly "How much better not to have the State Road and save that heavy Annual Tax!" "But we should lose the 1750 acres," says Tom. "But I'd just as lief not have them," cried I. Poor Tom was sadly hurt. He will not believe that I meant no more than that I did not want to make more investments while we have no market for those we have. Did I not think the lands worth $3.50 with the minerals! If not, how perfectly valueless the lands here must be! I tried to explain that if I were swimming to shore with a load of gold and felt doubtful as to whether I could carry so much: I should certainly cry: "I'd rather not!" ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B28_F1_I1_p179.jpg) if some one offered to load me with another sack of the precious material. But, though Tom listened, he did not believe me, I could see. He thinks I let out my true opinion, and that now he knows why I disappointed him by my tame reception of his good news when he came home to tell me that he had made such skilful arrangements to carry out my wish of living here. He is wrong, I do not doubt the value of the lands. I was unable to show myself elated but for quite a different reason. Yet if I told him that it would depress him more yet, and probably deprive him of one chance of success. Matters stand thus: Tom undertakes to grade a road from Wilcox to the Mining Co: lands – upon this being done within one year they give him 1750 acres. He has agreed with the Wilcox people to lay a State Road following the line of his RRoad, and the grading for both being done at once will make it much cheaper. A mile and a half will have to be done at his own expense. If the report of Mr Lesley who is coming up is favorable, the Penna RR will lay rails ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B28_F1_I1_p180.jpg) next year on 5 miles of the road leaving a mile or so for Tom to do and thereupon he will be entitled to another 1750 acres. He has managed the business with great skill, but what depresses me, is, first how he is to raise the money to make the first year's work; and next, how he is to endure the care and hard work he must go through. I fear he will find the first almost impossible, and dread beyond measure the depressing rebuffs he will en- counter. I know the land is good, but the mis- chief is that no one wants to buy it! 24th March_ Thursday. Evan and I walked up for the letters yesterday. There was nothing from Tom. 25th This afternoon Harry and Elisha walked up with me through the snowy slush. I wanted to see Nystrom's poor widow, and Mrs Crosson about her sister Mary's coming to me. The widow had just returned to the empty rooms whence her husband's body was carried on Tuesday. The poor thing was heavily dragging herself about trying to clean the rooms in preparation for her hourly expected confinement. She had tied a black silk kerchief round her head in sign of mourning, but her swollen ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B28_F1_I1_p181.jpg) red eyelids were sufficient token of her grief. The room looked bare and bald now that the po inva- lid's bed was no longer drawn out in the middle of it, and one's eyes were at liberty to notice how the board partitions in shrinking had torn apart the cheap wall-paper. The poor children neglected in the last few days had caught bad colds and stood finger in mouth crying and wretched by their mother. I promised to pay for two weeks of Mrs Monson's nursing for her. Mrs Crosson's looks I rather liked, and would have been glad to hear that her sister was coming, but she knew nothing. There were two notes from Tom. His train had broken down and delayed him, he said in the first, but he was going out to Sam Field's to rest. The second note written in bad spirits said Sam Field was sick in bed_ R. Pat terson away from home_ and so he was unable to transact the business he designed doing with them. He will be home tomorrow or Saturday, Saturday I think, for he will find much to detain him in Harrisburg. Mr Clay has sent the last ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B28_F1_I1_p182.jpg) deeds for the Roberts Lot property _ and his Bill! Sunday 27th March. Enjoying at once the Equinoctial storm and the blue devils. Tom did not come home but telegraphed that he would be delayed till Tuesday by Mr Field's illness although he was better. Wednesday 30th March. After doing much damage everywhere the Equinoctial gale is over and a thaw has set in here. The snow does not seem more than a foot deep and so soft that we sink right through. The last news is that Mr Field is recovering, and that Tom will be home on Friday. The worst day with Mr Field was they tell me Sunday_ the day I was so wretched. Dear Tom has had every plan upset by this illness of Mr Field's. April 1. Tom returned so utterly exhausted that he was only fit for his bed, but feeling thankfully that he had saved Mr Field's life. April 2/70. Tom obliged to go to Wilcox in the early train. I had worked so hard to put the house in order yesterday re-arranging the rooms and altering the hanging of some of the pictures_ that today felt very long. I had calculated on having Tom, and on ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B28_F1_I1_p183.jpg) April 1870 getting a long leisure day with him. A long leisure day without him is not so pleasant. Moreover I had finished the re copying and re-writing (of the part I had set myself to do before his return) of "The Big Job". I resolutely determined to be "good" however, and as soon as I had heard the lessons and done my housekeeping and accounts, I took Harry and went up to Kane to see after a sick pensioner. On our return I set to work and finished a summer frock of Helen's that I had had lying by me, and then worked upon some equally uninteresting unbleached pillow cases until time to go up and meet the train. The train was long-delayed and I was tired to death of walking up and down the track before it flashed by_ without Tom! However I had heard and seen the first blue birds of the year. There are tiny streaks of green along the edges of the water trickles but the snow is still about a foot deep in the woods. April 8. Noticed that the tulips and hyacinths were sprouting. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B28_F1_I1_p184.jpg) I ought to be writing a history of Tom's last visit to Philadelphia and Harrisburg for he was mixed up in affairs that will be behind the scenes of the apparent stage upon which some of our biggest Pennsylvanians are playing their parts. I will write it, too, but not tonight for I am sleepy and stupid. April 10 Last week was one of high elevation and depression of spirit to us, and now we find ourselves in the same position in which we were before Tom went to Philadelphia last, except that our dear Mr Field does not rally as he ought to do, and John writes that he found all one lung and the base of the other affected. "Let me begin my 'tory," as the chil- -dren say. When Tom went down on the 21st of March he stopped at Harrisburg and saw Olmsted for a few minutes. Olmsted said the great RailRoad Aid Bill was safe. The Governor had not signed it? No, it was understood it was not to go to him yet, it was to be held back at the request of the Senate. Tom then went on to Philadelphia. As the ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B28_F1_I1_p185.jpg) RailRoad was one of such importance to our country he went down to the P. RR. Office to express his thanks to Thos: A. Scott. S. had paid the homage of Vice to Virtue in not asking Tom's assistance, and perhaps Tom might have been unwilling to lend his name to the transaction. But having passed he thought that Pennsylvania would be greatly benefited by the vast internal improvements pro- posed. So he told Scott that although the Buffalo and Clearfield RR. was organised under Democratic auspices he fully recognised the liberal and intelligent spirit in which the interests of his section had been cared for. He was ready to render any assistance in his power. The Governor had not signed the Bill. Would the Penna RR. like K. to see him? Scott was much obliged, but it was not neces- -sary: the thing was settled. So Tom went about his more immediate business, designing to go to New York and to organise a corporate company for his Roberts Lot enterprise. He went first to Sam Field's ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B28_F1_I1_p186.jpg) x great friend Sam Field nearly dies office, and learning that he had gone home not feeling very well, took the train and went to his place Avonmore. Sam Field thought himself laboring under an attack of rheumatism, and sat up bravely all the evening while a Mr Miller was paying a long neighborly visit. But in the morning Tom thought he was going to have a pleurisy, and going to town brought out machine-cups. When he returned the dis- ease had declared itself, and the Doctor had failed in an attempt to cup Field with tumblers. I ought to say that Tom found them dosing F. with rheumatic homoeopathic pills, and with some difficulty induced them to send for the respectable allopath Dr Rowland. Field This was on Wednesday_ Mr F grew worse, and pneumonia appeared. Tom was with him night and day, obliging them to give him the brandy he was so unwilling to take, and keeping the anxious relatives out of the sick room. At length the disease was checked, and on Tuesday the 29th Tom was able to leave him with the satisfaction of feeling that he had saved his life. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B28_F1_I1_p187.jpg) Carroll Brewster That morning Tom was in the Saving Fund Office and saw through the glass partitions a man whom he after some difficulty recollected as Carroll Brewster (the man who supplanted his legitimate half-brother, Ben, as Attorney General.) Tom did not care to talk to him and so passed out of the office, meaning to take a car. There were none in sight so he walked on as fast as he could, but Judge Brewster overtook him. He spoke civilly to Tom and said that he had hoped Tom would call on him in Hbg. when attending to his Board of State Charities. Tom responded politely but stiffly_ that he would have done himself the honour of paying his respects to the Attorney General: would do so next morning if he remained in Phila so long_ if it were dis- tinctly understood that his doing so in no way detract- <-ed from> ated the high respect he entertained for his predecessor. F.C.B. then interposed, "General, I would much like to explain some cir- cumstances. I am sure you are not aware that that place was formerly promised to me: I was entitled to it." Tom and he parted in a few minutes after- wards, he having learned Tom's intention of leaving that afternoon ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B28_F1_I1_p188.jpg) That afternoon Tom started homewards meaning to stop in Harrisburg on his way, but not meaning to visit Mr Attorney General before starting. To his surprise who should pass through the car, but Mr B! He went to the end of the car as though looking for a seat, then returned and stopped by Tom who had a coat, which he did not offer to remove, on the vacant seat beside him. Brewster made a casual remark or two and then said "I see there are empty seats at the end of the car. Do you feel inclined to move?" Tom saw he wished to talk to him, and as he was not desirous of an interview, declined to move, and Brewster passed on. But to make himself safe he placed himself beside Waln Smith the ex-Attorney General Brewster's ex Secretary and friend, and affected to go to sleep. Being very tired he fell sound asleep in reality. On awaking who should be to all appearance sound asleep beside him but the present Honorable the Attorney General, who; stretching his arms and yawning very natu- rally indeed woke up promptly and began to ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B28_F1_I1_p189.jpg) talk about the "Aid Bill." Had Tom seen the Gov- ernor, he asked. No, Tom said, he had not seen him. Did he intend to? No? Sorry, very sorry, he wished Tom would see him. Tom inquired if he had any special reason, but Brewster professed to be entirely in the dark _ and had not seen the Governor for some weeks he said, "But there were difficulties in the way of the Bill," and he then raised several of the objections made in the veto. "What guarantee," he asked "was afforded that the Roads should be properly ironed, and not mere strap-iron laid down?" Tom said that he should ask the word of Mr Scott and that would be enough for him. "Ah, but that," Brewster said "they had not." He professed himself much pleased by Tom's explanations on certain heads, but reiterated so often his desire that Tom should see the Governor that Tom consented to do so. They parted late ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B28_F1_I1_p190.jpg) Elizabeth D. Wood P[-]anes, wifely view of Gen. Geary_ now Governor of Pen. at night, and early next morning Tom called at the Governor's office. (Gen. John W) Geary is what is called a fine looking man a big portly figure, a flowing dyed beard, and an eye that does not meet yours. Imagine him sitting, stately in his arm chair con receiving with dignified condescension the petitions of some of the poorer sort, and toadied to by an admiring group of small politicians. Geary was a coward in war and a liar in peace: he knows that Tom is aware of it, but he trusts to Tom's generos- ity not to betray him. Because he made a good Governor, Tom spared him, even although it was at his own expense. He is profuse in his expressions of gratitude, talks of Tom everywhere as his bosom friend and does rely upon him in a way that is singular in so unreliable a man. He rises_ comes forward to Tom holding out both hands_ "General Kane! One moment, gentlemen. Madam_ excuse me. General, we have met with a loss: we both feel it!" Tom puzzled, looks inquiringly, and ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B28_F1_I1_p191.jpg) the Governor willing to help him out, adds "But he was not as well known to you as to me. You didn't storm the heights of Lookout with us. Thomas"_ (oh yes, General Thomas is just dead to be sure, thinks the supposed mourner, Tom, with out much of a pang), _ and_ Geary proceeds, "Thomas and I were like brothers. He would always seek me out to discuss a movement: I may say without vanity, that mine was the counsel that_ But pardon me, the impulsive tribute is the natural outgush_ I must remember Duty. Duty! It was the rule of his life!" The courtiers around being duly impressed, the Governor draws Tom aside and says in his natural voice, "General, we can't talk before all these people. If you will just step round to the Attorney General's office, I will meet you there and we can be undisturbed." When Tom reaches Brewster's office a little while after, he is informed that the Gover- nor is with the Attorney General: they cannot be disturbed! He draws out a card, and ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B28_F1_I1_p192.jpg) Scott full name and title Pres of Pa RR? is about leaving a message and slipping away when his voice having been heard, the door of the inner office opens and the Attorney General comes out- greets him with well-affected surprise, conducts him into the inner office and leaves him alone with Geary who straightway begins upon the subject of the Aid Bills. Tom had been down to Philadelphia during the preceding day, he had seen Scott, and told him all that had occurred Scott thought that Brewster simply wanted to have a share in any "good thing" that was going; and when Tom doubted the confidence that was to be placed in Geary's action, Scott said that Geary had been down "in the office" two or three days ago, and had had the whole thing discussed, had seen and approved the bill, and would certainly sign it. Tom asked if Scott would authorise him to say the road would be properly ironed and [---] graded. This was emphatically authorised. Now when Tom and Geary talked, Geary raised this question. Tom told ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B28_F1_I1_p193.jpg) him of Scott's authorisation, and Geary was, oh so infinitely relieved, and discussed the remaining questions with him. Tom satisfied himself that the patriot screen concealed an outstretched palm, and that the heaviest bidder would influ- ence the Governor's "interpretation" of the Constitution of Pennsylvania. After a prolonged inter- -view they parted, the Governor urging Tom to see him again as he was "still a little in doubt." Tom gave no assurance, for he was anxious to be home, and determined to do no dirty work for either side. He went to the Penna RR. Office in Harrisburg, and seeing the head man, asked to be put in private commu= nication with Scott. Accordingly all the opera= tors were cleared out of the telegraphing room– for they learn to hear messages by the clicking of the wires – and he was left alone with the operator of the Private Wire. Thanks to the Qua- kers, Woman holds a higher place in our State than in most countries and in utter subversion of all accepted theories regarding the leaky nature of our sex– the operator of the Pri= ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B28_F1_I1_p194.jpg) Johnnie Green vate Wire was a woman. She was quiet and perfectly self-possessed. The following telegrams passed — [I have allowed so much time to pass by that I have mislaid the telegrams. It is very provoking, and I am ashamed of myself: that is all I can say.] However the gist of them was that Mr Scott sent up his confidential secretary our old friend John Green, Willie Kane's school com- panion, Pat's clerk and subsequently Tom's "aide-de-camp" to meet Tom at a point on the Penna RR, where the Express train was ordered to halt and let Tom out, and the return train to take him up. Tom fully posted John Green, and let him see that Scott's footing with Geary was not so sure as he thought. I should have mentioned that our small politicians here were all squabbling among themselves as to questions of route, officers of boards of the new Roads and other matters relative to the division of the spoil, when Tom's sharp reproof first con= veyed to them the gloomy possibility that there might be no spoil to divide. Senator Olm- sted was rendered wretched by a doubt Tom ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B28_F1_I1_p195.jpg) [--]hel cupiantium nuda castra petivet. EDW. expressed to him. The carrying through of these Bills he had considered the crowning work of his life; it could not be that Geary would deceive his confidence– but yet– Tom left a miserably anxious man behind him. From Wilcox he mailed a few lines to Scott, who answered them by telegraph adding, "I will endeavor to obey your suggestions." Now here in Pennsylvania Scott is a Pope. To doubt his infallibility especially in the management of the delicate conscience of a politician is to be more of a heretic than any Pennsylvanian admits himself. I relied abso= lutely therefore on the stimulating treatment of the great Scott, although Tom shook his head and talked of a certain rich and unscru= pulous politician opposed to the RRoad through Potter Co. who was busy in Harrisburg. But the Veto came upon all Pennsylvania like a thunder-clap. The Governor signed Tom's own little Bill, at once! and so we were Comparatively unhurt, but for a time every one even the most elastic-spirited Yankee of ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B28_F1_I1_p196.jpg) our Pennsylvania of the North and North West was crushed. As the negro hymn says: "Sometimes I'm up, sometimes I'm down O yes, Lord! Sometimes I'm almost to de groun' Oh yes, Lord." It was during my season of elevation that I received the following which I copy without alteration of spelling Executive Mansion April 4th 1870 My dear Mrs Kane I set down to ask the pleasure I have been antisipating all winter, a visit from you. Do come and meet the spring with me. I am sure the General will come if you only will, I cannot offer the same inducements you did & which I so much enjoyed. But I do want you to come so much and will do my very best, to make it pleasant for you. I want you should bring the children ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B28_F1_I1_p197.jpg) 1870 of course. Nellie and Jesse will promis to take the best of care of them. Jesse has some very wonderful experiments to amuse the boys with he tells me. As soon as you have decided upon when you will let us know that we may meet you. Hopeing soon to have the pleasure of seeing yourself and family I will close with affectionate reguards from Your friend Julia Dent Grant. My heart reproves me for copying the kind woman's little mistakes now when I read the letter over. I see what a pleasant cordial meaning she had, and I apologise. I answer- ed it as follows, but I hate my letter. The truth was I was vexed with Grant, "for a rayson I had", and in my desire to avoid truckling to the President's wife I was perhaps scarcely civil to the good well-intentioned lady. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B28_F1_I1_p198.jpg) April 9th 1870 My dear Mrs Grant, I regret that it is not in my power to accept your flattering invitation. Your example teaches me not to leave the circle of my duties, which are as important in their humbler round as your own. My husband would be quite willing to escort me, if I were selfish enough to suffer him to do so, but his every minute is now absorbed in work that is pleasure to him. He has just completed the purchase of the last tract he deemed necessary to make his Coal Estate a perfect one, and he is laying out a short six-mile "lateral" to bring its coal, lime and iron on to one of our new RailRoads. New RailRoads seem to be raining down upon us. An important one will probably follow the stream in which General Grant fished last summer. A little village will then be built, "near the old oil well" tell Jesse, which General Kane says he intends naming after him. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B28_F1_I1_p199.jpg) Letter to MRS (Pres) GRANT 188 You speak of "seeing the Spring in with you." Here we have Winter still, with deep snow lying in the wooded hollows. The constant flight of the pigeons overhead, and the singing of birds in the trees are all that assure us that Spring will come in time; and so delicious a season will it be in the sweet mountain air, that I shall be saying, "I wish the President and Mrs Grant could leave that dusty city, and see the Spring in with us!" In spite of the kind things you are pleased to say, I am afraid the midges gave you too much discomfort to permit my tempting you to come here again. But Jesse is not very strong and should be away from the heat of Washington before you can leave for the summer. Would you be afraid to trust him to us? We would take the best of care of him, and he would enjoy the free country life until you were ready to greet him at your seaside residence. And the General. Does he not feel tempted to angle again, before the miners and engi= ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B28_F1_I1_p200.jpg) neers frighten the trout away? He ought to come here "during the "season". The fish will then be plenti= ful and the Copperhead papers quiet. A tolerably great Nation, my dear Mrs Grant, relies upon you to take care of the President and see that he does not overtask his strength. We The People cannot afford to have him "give notice when his month's up" as housekeepers say. You cannot be allowed to retire to that farm near St. Louis for another term at least, no matter how weary you may be made by your well doing! With sincere respect, I am Always your friend Bessie D Kane." Some few days afterwards Tom met a lady in the cars who asked him with surprise if we were already back from Washington. Explanations ensuing [-]e found that she had recently accom= panied her husband on a trip to Washington. She did not say what we learned from the newspapers afterwards that it was in the delusive hope of an appointment! Her husband, Mr ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B28_F1_I1_p201.jpg) Souther of Ridgway took her to the Presidential reception. The President had been very affable, "and spoke our beautiful country. He told Mr Souther he expected you and your family on a visit next week, that is, this week," she added, and was very curious to know what could have prevented us from going. I should have liked to go for many rea- sons, but for more decided against it. My wardrobe would have needed too costly a supply, and as Tom had plenty to do at home I thought we could not afford a journey for mere pleasure. The Mormons sorely wanted Tom's influence but then — its rather absurd to write down what was yet a feeling sufficiently genuine to affect my decision — I thought Tom might overbear by his personal influence the action the Legislature was disposed to take. I have an idea that sometimes God allows us to turn Him from His purpose where our hearts are so set on a thing that we ask it without a reference to His wiser judgment of what is right, and that we are punished ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B28_F1_I1_p202.jpg) by the consequences of our granted prayer. I don't know whether the notion is orthodox or heterodox, an article of any one's faith or a heretical fancy of my own, but it is often sufficiently strong upon me to cause me to cease my strong wishing in some respect where Destiny seems adverse. Tom on the other hand fights the harder, and carries his point – sometimes against Death itself! After the news of the Veto arrived Mr Lesley came, a geologist sent up by the Penna RR. to report upon our coals! If his report proved sufficiently favorable, the RR. would iron Tom's lateral when graded. I dreaded Lesley's coming having heard that he was sick and irritable, but found him an overworked man infinitely glad of the rest and peace of our forest home where there was no baby to keep him awake at night, and no bell to ring him to his duties (as secretary) in attendance on the Penna RR. Co: by day. Though the news from Sam Field continued favorable Tom determined to avoid leaning on the generous fellow's offered help. A note was to come [text written in the left margin] (+) Dear E.D.W. Are you sure now that it was then still too late to save poor Grant? At that moment of disgust with dishonesty and dishonest men, and before the $25.000 had been accepted: was he not then open to the Voice? ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B28_F1_I1_p203.jpg) Banker father William Wood says not to sell all — (Chicago Gas Stock) due on the 1st of May and Tom was worried. I saw that he felt the C. G. S. <*> ought to be sold and that he hated to tell me so because he knew I wanted so much to keep it. So I wrote somewhat curtly to Papa desiring him to sell it, repay himself and forward the remainder. I received a kind letter from him in return advising us to sell only the new stock and bonds, and to let the old stock stand as security for his debt. I was very glad of this, because it spared the old nest egg, and its ten per cent interest will keep down the seven per cent on Papa's debt, besides that it often pays more than ten per cent. And I was more glad because he wrote so kindly. I remember the day so well. The air was delicious: Mr Lesley had left us, and Harry and I walked up to the Post Office for the mail. I expected a disagreeable letter from Papa and wished to swallow its contents before meeting Tom. I read it on my way back. On the embankment we met Tom, with my overshoes in his pocket. He proposed ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B28_F1_I1_p204.jpg) our crossing a piece of wet land to a part of our woods we had never been through. Harry preferred running home, but I gladly agreed. The land was a gentle slope, so gentle as hardly to be a slope, commanding a pretty view of our meadow and the hill beyond crowned by our house. Further back there were to be seen long reaches of "hardwood" timber land indicating the goodness of the soil while its level character fitted it for house sites. It is just opposite the Hotel and adjoins the "Park". Here we sat down upon a fallen log and read Papa's letter and felt the woods trebly our own when we reckoned up how completely this C. G. S. Sale freed us from debt and left us with money in our pockets. Then I drew from my pocket two other letters and if they are not lost too I'll copy them in here for they bear upon this history. "F. C. Brewster Attorney & Counsellor at Law 16 N. Seventh St. Philada April 11. 1870 Phila. General Kane Dear General, I have felt a strong disinclin= ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B28_F1_I1_p205.jpg) Letter of April 11, 1870 ation to avail myself of your very kind offer as to Elk County Lands, not because I doubted your full sincerity, but for the reason that your own engage- ments must be too pressing to admit of outside ad- ditions to your burdens. When I recall your repeated offers however_ I feel as if my allegiance to an orphan nephew and niece would not permit me to be passive. The land then is described (omitting formal terms) as a tract containing 1018 acres the boundaries and courses I omit for they would be no guide save that Tract No 3654 is an adjoiner. The Tax Receipts describe it as assessed in the name of Mrs Brewster_ as situa- ted in Highland Tp. Elk Co: Pa. Warrant No 3653. 1017 acres I desired to know 1st If the taxes paid up to 1869 have been duly marked paid. A sale might have taken place and my checks have been appropriated other than to redemption. 2d Whether the land is clear of squatters or settlers or trespassers. 3rd Its supposed value. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B28_F1_I1_p206.jpg) I cannot expect you to trouble yourself to this extent_ but if you will kindly place this in hands of your Agent or other competent person I will pay his fees on advise thereof and will be under an additional obligation to you. With high regard Very respectfully yours F. Carroll Brewster." Why did I copy this very innocent and exceedingly uninteresting letter? Why? Because of its postscript _ the milk in the cocoa- -nut. This is it. "P.S. My fears of a recent matter was a prophet. If anything or any person could have cured the difficulty you and your self-sacrificing journey at a time when you had so richly earned your right to rest_ would have settled the question. But it was past redemption. If you had been consulted originally_ you could have steered clear of many rocks, and if it is thought worth-while to pursue the phantom we may yet possibly explode the maxim ex-nil-nil fit. The thanks of all concerned are none the less your due, and I am now and ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B28_F1_I1_p207.jpg) Apr. 23, 1870 always shall be most gratefully impressed when I recall your devotion to the interests of the State. True Patriotism should not be the less estimable because it is of late so rare. Gratefully and with esteem B." This letter which Tom had received some time before and forwarded, without answering it, to Scott was enclosed in the following one from him. "Pennsylvania RR. Company Office of the Vice President Philadelphia April 23rd 1870 Genl Thomas L. Kane My dear Sir; I take great pleasure in acknow- ledging the receipt of your favor of April 16th, with the enclosure of a letter from the official gentleman, containing as you say, a very remarkable postscript. I hope that some people may be led to see the errors of their ways, and in the next few months be prepared to correct them. In the meantime, whatever can be done through the ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B28_F1_I1_p208.jpg) region towards securing free rights of way, also con= cessions of Mineral, Lumber and other good prop- erties for Stock, should be attended to with the view of ultimately securing the construction of the Line, and thus provide for development of a very im= portant section of our Commonwealth. In regard to the Veto, I have no word to say at present, but will discuss that when I see you. The case is singular, but in many of its points to my mind very clear. I hope you will preserve the official letter from our friend B. (Brewster) This morning I have your favor of the 21st with its Enclosures for which I am much indebted. You may rest assured, that if I can aid in the success of the projects in the future it shall be done. Very truly yours Thomas A. Scott" These letters put us in heart, and the next few days we spent in "savouring" our possessions We followed our West Boundary along which I had ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B28_F1_I1_p209.jpg) SPRING never been, and rejoiced in the possession of a glorious spring welling out from the roots of a hemlock a stream from its fountain head. Three days we visited it from different directions till we satisfied ourselves it was ours: we talked Coal and revived our last October's plans– no, it is actually more than a year ago– when we planned picking up mineral rights here and there around Kane. Tom showed me where we ought to have coal under our hill, and again he drove with me to our Coons Lot and showed me the coal there. We admired the pretty clearing the short green grass, the long sunset shadows and the blue curling smoke from the brush fires. This was on Saturday, and there had been a long drought. On Sunday morning we found fires burning here and there along the mountain below us; then the brushwood near our piles of cordwood was fired by a passing locomotive, and all Sunday passed in watching it. The brushwood was burned but little other dam- age done. Monday the fires seemed subdued ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B28_F1_I1_p210.jpg) goes to Brookville when Tom left, but directly after a wind sprung up and brought the fire in upon us. Good Barnes went out with the men and stopped what he could but our beau- tiful woods are fearfully damaged I hear. This is out to the East. On the West the Park was afire. Tom would not have gone, but that he could not break an appoint- ment to go to Brookville to see the coal there and hunt up subscriptions to the RR. Tuesday night he returned home having been too anxious to dare to stay away. He had seen Boon Mountain all on fire. He returned home so tired that he said he must rest next day. But next day the barometer was falling and the East wind blowing and we fired a few stumps in the garden. They were burning nicely when__ up comes a messenger from Barnes to summon all our men to put out fire in the pretty grove where we seated ourselves the other day to read those letters and enjoy the pride of possession! So Tom ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B28_F1_I1_p211.jpg) had to let them go and spend the afternoon at the bottom of the garden watching the fires. My new servant was violently sick, some bilious derange- ment together with nettle rash, and I was very anxious at first lest it might be some conta= gious disorder. I ran myself nearly off my feet that day! Poor Tom had to have a dinner speckled with smoked leaves. I car- ried it to him as he sat on a log and read him a story while he ate, and he professed that he enjoyed the meal far more than a staid and formal set dinner in the dining room. Yet the dining-room did look very cool and pleasant when I peeped in with hot bleared eyes, grimy with smoke and burnt with fierce sunshine! However all our anxiety termina- ted about five o'clock in a smart shower. Since then the barometer has fallen about half an inch, or to use the technical terms from degrees to It has rained, hailed, and sunshined alternately, but leaves and blossoms have thriven. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B28_F1_I1_p212.jpg) We are afraid to go out to what we call the "M'Ardle Woods" to look at the damage: it is bad enough to see the state of the little copse and the wood beyond! But we ought to be overjoyed that we are safe. Barnes says that half an hour more would have made the fire uncontrollable, and then the house would have gone. Am I then "down? No, not at all. It is true that I haven't seen the worst damage, but then I am cheerful and happy, for first we are all well, and next we have funds enough to pay all our debts, and I have remitted Jane's wages that have weighed on my mind so much to R Patterson for investment. ! I am writing after ten o'clock, an unusual hour for me to be up but Tom went down to Ridgway this morning to settle with the Commissioners of Elk County certain matters connected with his own and the Company's taxes. He ought to have been home by eight this evening, but I suppose they have changed ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B28_F1_I1_p213.jpg) the hours of the freight trains, or else the train he should have come on has been long delayed. I have been running out every five minutes to locate some distant rumbling that grew upon my ear as I listened. But either it proved to be some locomotive at the station "wooding and watering" with much ringing of bells and shrieking of whistles, or else with red lights and white lights it came from the town appearing and vanishing upon curve and behind embankment a long freight train that passed the house and died away into darkness and silence down the mountain. Each one passing bore to me its disconsolate message– "I mark one hour at least before the train you look for can meet me at the nearest siding even if it should be lying there now." Yet five minutes had not elapsed before I was rushing out into the lovely moon- light to gaze down the long vista of Owl Creek and strain my eyes and ears in vain for the sound and sight I longed for. Just five ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B28_F1_I1_p214.jpg) minutes ago came a telegram. My thoughtful darling husband! "From Ridgway" at "8.20" Then he is not hurt in an accident, thank God! "Will not be home till eleven." Well, it has already struck ten! "Knock at back door. Thomas L. Kane." Indeed you won't do anything of the kind, Thomas L. Kane! That is, if I can keep awake. You shall find a nice wood fire and lamp lit room, a tray of supper on the table, a bit of beefsteak warming between two plates on the stove, and an affectionate if sleepy wife sitting in the pleasant room to greet you. You will chide me for sitting up, but you will be so much pleased to see me! How shall I spend the time? Well, I will write to my father, and close my diary for May 9th 1870. By the way, our strawberries are blossoming in the garden. I ought not to forget to say that Tom is arranging the Company's tax-bills; they having utterly and completely failed to make head or tail of them were compelled to ask his aid! "The whirligig of Time brings his revenges!" ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B28_F1_I1_p215.jpg) 1870 May 19. Willie had seemed sick for three or four days when it struck out as a well developed case of measles caught from Mary our new waitress This was yesterday and I have done little but care for him. We are house cleaning too- a piece of work left far too long. Tom had to scold both the women severely for staying out late and leaving the house exposed while they were off with their beaux. Tom has been having a number of stumps drawn, the garden put in complete order and cleaned out of all the old logs, stumps, etc, that disfigured the lower end, and the RR vista to the Big Level cleared. All this as a birthday gift to me 21st Willie keeps on doing well. Tom is going away tomorrow. Mr Scott has written to him, and Lesley telegraphed. My husband says that he is expected to act as go between, but his errand will be done when he simply explains that he will do no such thing. The estimates for grading our road prove to be too high for our purse. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B28_F1_I1_p216.jpg) Sunday May 22. Dr Freeman came out to see a sick man and dined here. We were out of doors every moment we could spare the air was so delicious. Willie's measles disappearing My dear Tom left for Philadelphia on the 23rd He has met with nothing but discouragement I fancy, and he cannot return before the end of next week. "Sometimes, I'm up, sometimes I'm down." I'm down now! For in spite of all the love- liness out of doors I have a very sick child to mind– poor little Helen. She has the measles badly. Either the confinement with her or some thing else has made me sick too. Today, Sun day May 29th I feel wretchedly. Helen is lying on my bed watching me as I write. Tom's last letter speaks of having to be in Washington on the 8th of June. Oh dear! I am sure he is right to do nothing of which his conscience does not approve. But we shall soon feel money pressure again. Then will be the time to remember that we are poorer because we preferred to do right. Dr. S. D. Freeman of Smethport x surgeon of Bucktail Regt accompanied Gen. Kane to Mexico about 1871 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B28_F1_I1_p217.jpg) 1870 1870 June 17th Since I wrote Tom has been up and down and again to Renovo where he met Grant. Now I want to tell of what seems to me A Godsend. I knew nothing of what was transpiring at the moment. The doubts and anxieties which I mentioned in my last entry had been the source of much discussion between T. and myself. The night before he left for Renovo came a letter from S. Field offering to enter into a partnership in making the RR. We had to adjourn discussion of it until Tom should have seen Mr Field which he meant to do after his return from an errand he had in Washington. While Tom was with the fishing party, Cameron told him as good news that now was his time for Grant: Grant meant to give him the $100.000 Arctic appropriation. This was a great temptation to Tom, and while he was strug- gling with it _ he had word given him that Sam: Field had just passed on his way to us. Tom telegraphed to him to return as far as Renovo. Mentioning his friend- x Sen. Simon Cameron former Suez War. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B28_F1_I1_p218.jpg) ship for him Grant and Cameron put them- selves out to be civil to him. Tom conquered his de- sire and told himself to avoid private talk with Grant, and so came away with Field. And that dear blessed fellow came to insist upon a partnership! He stayed with us but two days but was such a comfort. He proposed putting in $15.000 and lending $15.000 receiving in return one half of the 1750 acres to be given on the grading. It isn't yet settled, for we insisted on the partners receiving a share of Roberts Lot and this Field as steadily refused. There is a Mr Hasard here, an uncom- monly queer fish of whom more when I am less sleepy. 23rd June Preserving strawberries. As I had a violent headache I was glad to have Martha appear, who did all the work for me. My father writes that C. G. S. pays $3 per share on each the stock or $780 on what we have. This is at the rate of 24 per cent per annum. Mr Griffith wants to lease the mill yard again, but ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B28_F1_I1_p219.jpg) Tom thinks he asked a higher price than he was willing to give and drove him off, for he ought — June 26th I don't know what interrupted me here, but now I add that Tom did not drive Griffiths off but on. He has agreed to rent the Mill Yard from April next for two years. He is to pay $250. a year cash, to saw lumber for Tom at $3. per M. and to let Tom have all the manure made by his teams probably a hun- dred loads a winter. This good news is followed by bad. John Green writes that Mr Scott has been "kept from the office for a week, with -an abscess from a tooth, and that coming down this day he said to Mr Gay "Your Board ought to settle this at once!" Tom says that Gay is against his Road. June 30th A letter from Mr Gay says that the Phila & Erie decline to take defininte action until their engineer has been over the route: he will be up next week. I telegraphed this to poor Tom who is away trying another string to his bow, in Buffalo & Erie. Two stupid Lesleys came today. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B28_F1_I1_p220.jpg) 3rd July. The Lesleys went away yesterday, the Fields arriving the day before, Friday. On the 29th we had a terrific thunderstorm in which a tree close to the house was struck. Since then it has rained incessantly until this afternoon. Tom had a note this morning from the engineer who is to examine the routes asking him to make an appointment. Last night Nohl- quist returned with very good news about our "Black- smith" coal which turns out 3 ft. thick. 17th July. Tom had three days work with Mr Roberts the Penna RR. Co's Engineer last week in traversing our route. He returned to receive a letter from Mr Hil- gard and a telegram from Captain Patterson of the Coast Survey urging his coming on at once to see the President about the Arctic Expedition. This has made my poor darling sick. He has hard had so hard a struggle with himself trying to determine not to go. He is now lying on his back writing to Mr Hilgard. I am unable to understand there being any temptation to any one to go on such an expedition; but I think Tom has a great horror of growing old ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B28_F1_I1_p221.jpg) Tom's Horror of old age. "By this still hearth, among these barren crags Matched with an aged wife." He says he is contented and happy, but that one does not live for happiness. I know he thinks the Arctic voyage a useful one to be undertaken. I believe he thinks he can go away like a dog that has had its day to die out of my sight, and that then I will remember him as the ideal hero who won my child's heart, and not see him grow old and gray in the years to come. He talked to me of the voyage as almost a pleasure trip, one in which I could accompany him taking Harry and Elisha, leaving Will and Evy to John's care. He assured me he hoped to return rich, and entitled to take a first place in Pennsylvania politics. And though I did not "see it", I can see how hard the sacrifice is to him. He says he wants to do what is best for my happiness, and that I cannot judge of that perhaps any better than I could in the matter of our going West long ago when his judgment should not have given way to my childish prejudices. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B28_F1_I1_p222.jpg) Telegram " Washington D.C. July 15. 1870 To Thos L. Kane Come on here to act in regard to Arctic expedition. It is of vital importance that you be the directive power. Answer. C.P. Patterson. " Answer Kane July 17/70 My dear Captain Patterson: I do not come down to Wash- ington; that I may not fall into temptation. I might not be able to refuse the invitation to direct the Expedition, and this, under the circumstances, I could not think honourable. I may be disap- pointed to have those I think regard as my inferiors get ahead of me: but I cannot rob them of their little prize. I am just in from the woods, where I have a party of Engineers laying a RR. for me, and you will have to excuse my writing in haste. I have just finished a letter answering Mr Hilgard. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B28_F1_I1_p223.jpg) July 1870 I preserve still my heart deep interest in Arctic Exploration; and therefore thank you sincerely for your conduct on this occasion. I will be glad if you can ever command my services to aid you. I am respectfully and truly Your obedient servant Thomas L. Kane Kane July 17/70 My dear Mr Hilgard: After I consulted you on Arctic matters last, I was slow to collect the stamina I required; and holding back from my application to Congress, suffered the gen- *tlemen you name to get ahead of me. It is a grave disappointment, such a one as can only occur to a man once in his life time: but I cannot help it. I will not carry off the sheaves of other laborers' gleaning. And I do not incline to * Captain Hall and Dr. Hayes ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B28_F1_I1_p224.jpg) make the distinction you do between them. Both have rendered service in keeping alive the spirit of Arctic exploration: both are entitled to consideration. Had I put through my own measure I would probably have employed both. But, you will do me the justice to remember, mine was no one horse scheme. — nec majestati reipublicae impar. It might have taken me a year to rope in all the clergymen, societies and money men; but I would not have put up with less than ten times fifty thousand. Capt. Patterson, Schott, you and myself: how handsomely we might have got the things up! But there's no good lamenting. You are too much my friend to wish me to do what I regard as undertoned. I cannot interfere. Pray write me – of Mrs Hilgard's health, your son's, your own; this hot weather. We keep cool up here, remember. Faithfully and truly yours Thomas L Kane ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B28_F1_I1_p225.jpg) July 29th 1870. Our friends, the Fields, left yesterday. Their visit was unclouded by any drawback, and the good husband cheered and comforted Tom, who says that but for him he would now have been getting ready for this Arctic Expedition. The command has been given to Hall. Tom has sincere grief in relinquishing it and settling down to these narrow ways. It is another worry to Tom that he cannot help doubting the extent and number of our coal seams. The geologists and the prospectors all claim that there are enough to make us very rich people. But Tom thinks that the "Blacksmith" "Jones" "Shaft" "Bond" and other named veins are in reality one, and that clay partings of such varying thickness separate its deposits locally as to deceive even the best of our geologists. Again he fears that the coals exist in "pockets": whereas Les= ley bases his calculations upon an average thickness at the openings he has examined. I am puzzled, I don't mean geologically for of course I am totally ignorant of the ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B28_F1_I1_p226.jpg) x TRUST IN VERY POSITIVE matter, but like a dog I study my master, and he puzzles me. Tom was reputed eccentric, unpractical and so forth though a ge- nius: I find him worrying the authoritative statements of the professional geologists, shaking away the figments that they have been deluded by and picking out the bones of Truth, and rather bare bones they seem_ if these are all. Tom won't commit himself to a decisive "This is so," about anything where he must depend upon any one else's authority for a single fact, and people oddly enough think he is unreliable whereas he is only careful, and they will blindly trust any one who says boldly asserts what he really knows little about. But I find almost always that what I have supposed a careless "I think so" means really "I have thought with more care than you ever bestow on your best reasoned conclusions." I should therefore be inclined to go down to the lowest opinion of the value of our coals, if I did not know on the other hand that Tom is ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B28_F1_I1_p227.jpg) inclined to doubt the value of his own pos- sessions, and since I known him has been of a despondent nature. He tells me that on the west side of the Johnson's Run Basin he has no proof of the value of the coals. The esti= mates of the coal on the E. M. Co's lands are based on the theories of Dalson. Given certain clays and limestones he assumed the presence of certain coals. The clays and limestones showed themselves and Tom bought the lands. But the superficial examinations made by Burlingame at various times do not reveal the hoped for coals: Tom has therefore sent Nohlquist to examine seriously though privately for the veins_ Ostensibly he is testing the extent and thickness of the iron. Nohlquist was bidden also to begin his work by shafting on the Roberts Lot for the "Blacksmith coal". He had found it three feet thick just South of this point on the P. Morris Tract. Tom saw him ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B28_F1_I1_p228.jpg) the other day when he was beginning work. He said "I tell Generall, I not expect to find it." "Why not?" "I been round on other side hill where he" (the coal) "ought to come out and he not there." We hoped to have seen him ere this: if he had good success he was to come up. Burlingame says that he saw him and that he left off working at that point having struck the coal and found the three feet of the lower opening reduced to two inches! (2d July Nohlquist found 3 ft) Tom says he must know more before he commits himself to work the RR. Of course there must be coal but the questions "How much," and "How many veins" must be answered more definitely. 7th August_ Nohlquist found the Blacksmith Coal entirely gone save a smeet in the clay_ Tom was much concerned. I argued with him that to leave off now was to leave off with the worst possible opinion of the coal: that he was the ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B28_F1_I1_p229.jpg) TOM'S ENGINEERS RUN JOHNSON RUN ROUTE best geologist of this region, yet, what did he know of this coal really? It certainly re-ap- pears, because it is found in force elsewhere. I said I thought worth spending some time and money to brake a study of that vein and know whether it is our old friend "the Shaft" or "The Bond" or "the Shaft Bond," or whether "The tog is not a tog at all but a tuyvel!" I should say that Tom was down at the mine some time last week, and seeing the dis- -mal state of affairs b ordered Nohlquist to dig directly behind. the old 3 ft. opening. The result showed the coal 37 inches. Of this 6 was soft, and 2, slate but the rest was good coal and while one part looked "shaft" like, the rest was an admirable coal but not looking like the "Shaft." This last consideration, more I think than my arguments had weight with Tom and he directed Nohl- -quist to persevere and hunt the gay deceiver to his den. The Gas Vein maintains its sober rich respectability – 3 ft 4" now. Tom's engineers are now running the ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B28_F1_I1_p230.jpg) Aug 9th * House hit by LIGHTNING. Charlotte Shields X. Johnson's Run Route. He goes away tomorrow for a State Charity round of visiting prisons and on the 15th I am to go to Helen's. 9th August. Tom left yesterday and in the night *the house was struck by lightning, yet no harm done. Harry has written such a nice description of the occurrence that I shall make her copy it here 25th September. Harry did not copy it and leaving a blank for her to write in I have allowed the time to slip by. I have been to New York, where Helen had a baby on the 7th of this month. Tom has been pur- suing his RR. enterprise and having a new barn built and the place "redd up". Our crop from the Coons place filled the new barn and overflowed into the cowshed. I brought Lottie Shields up with me on a visit She is still here. 30th September. Yesterday the lovely weather broke up and a soft steady rain set in which bids fair, or foul to last until cold weather. Our garden is still unhurt by frost, and we are ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B28_F1_I1_p231.jpg) eating fresh corn, lima beans and peas from the garden beds daily. I had bad news yesterday of Nell's poor little baby, who has had a very great number of convulsions. Tom delivered a speech in Smethport on Tuesday night, the 28th. It was to announce to their citizens that he had found a practicable route for the RR. to reach that place, advising them to cease denouncing other efforts, and offering to tie on to their line the miles he is constructing for his RRoad. Then he went over to S. Mary's this morning and said to the RR. people there that he had told the Smethporters so and so: that he had put his engineers on their line and found it impracticable, but that by taking up K. Fork they could with a tunnel of but 1000 ft reduce their height 160 feet. He advised them to cease their jealousies and said they had better build North and tie on to him. Thus they will be like the children in the game of Fox and Geese ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B28_F1_I1_p232.jpg) Oct. 4 T.L.K. gives up Arctic expedition and then invitation to succeed Brig, Young as gov. Utah Territory ranged one behind the other for purposes offensive and defensive. Barnes was indicted at this Sessions for theft! I am so sorry. Tom was bail. (for him.) Oct 4. In July Tom declined the Arctic Expe- dition, and so closed one of the avenues he has sought to follow for many years back. He has now closed another. Brigham Young's son John W. left us yes- -terday bearing back with him Tom's refusal to suc- -ceed Young. I don't know exactly how I feel about it. Tom is a born leader of men, and might perhaps have again saved this people, bringing them back from their errors. I grieve for them, so soon to be as sheep without a shepherd, and feel sorry for the old man who will be seventy next spring, and who feels like Josiah that peace only remains with the people until his death. I think he would be glad to believe that Tom would unwind the tangled skein he leaves, and lead his people back to the trodden ways. There is a germ of truth in their protest against the sins of our modern life and I hope it will bear fruit while the errors ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B28_F1_I1_p233.jpg) Oct. 14, 1870. die. Tom has another offer which as yet he has neither accepted nor declined: the appoint ment of Major General of Militia for the four counties of McKean, Elk, Forest and Clarion. Oct 14th We have had the loveliest autumn I have ever seen. Today is cold with a wind that is raining the leaves down from the trees; but I noticed yesterday afternoon that the great Castor Oil Bean was untouched by frost, and we have been eating Corn and Lima beans, and cauli -flower from the children's beds daily. I have enjoyed this autumn so much. When I came home I found that dear Tom had had a new carriage house built, with a loft above for our big crop of oats, and adjoining the carriage part was a space to be made into a storehouse for my boxes and a photographing room. Then he had had the stumps drawn and the ground cleared up round the stable and a roadway made. The garden too is enlarged, and all the unsightly fallen brush removed ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B28_F1_I1_p234.jpg) 1870 Sunday Oct 23rd 1870 Tom left on Friday taking Lottie Shields down with him after a six weeks visit to us. Helen is left for the winter. As it is now a settled thing, I shall endeavor to love her instead of simply enduring her. Last night I went upstairs to see Willy in his old nightgown so as to measure for his new ones. He was alone Helen having stayed downstairs in a passion, and he was full of affection clinging round my neck and making a kind little speech about my singing. I hung over him and kissed him fondly with a sense of relief that Helen wasn't there. Poor little thing, when she is, she claims just as many caresses as Willie, and ought to have them. So I don't kiss Willie half as often as I might that I may be fair to her. I rarely feel an impulse of affection towards her, and if I caress her it is because I feel that I ought to. But she "goes against" me. I think I treat her well but I know that my heart isn't in it. Over and over again I say to myself "If a man ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B28_F1_I1_p235.jpg) love not his brother whom he hath seen, how can he love God whom he hath not seen?" But the argument fails because it seems to me that God is worthy of our love, and our brother is by no means perfect. Little Helen's temperament is so different from mine that I cannot enter into her feelings, nor under- stand the sudden changes of mood. I cannot believe in the affection that prompts her kisses and fondling ways, nor pity the feelings that inspire her passionate cries, which pass over without leaving a trace of suffering on her rosy face. I love my children so much that I am tolerant of their faults, but I become so much irritated with Helen that I would really like to shake her, often. ~ I am always trying to be good to her, and to make her pretty clothes; but I don't know that I really try to love her. I say I will, and I pray to be helped to love her, and then I go downstairs and forget to try. My gorge rises when I kiss ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B28_F1_I1_p236.jpg) her. Now having made my disgraceful con- fession, I will try to do better. I begin to have a sympathy for my stepmother, who gave up trying. I daresay, indeed I remember, that she often en- -deavored to make herself like us. She went "far wide" poor woman, after she gave up trying _ By the bye, she has been raising blood from the lungs, and was in bed five days of last week. Harry writes me that poor Nell's evenings are very lonely just now, her husband having joined two clubs. I think he has done it out of obstinacy, because he knows she disap- proves of it and suffers herself to be distressed by his associating with a set of "jolly good fellows." Moreover owing to the baby's sickness he is to sleep in his own room, Helen retiring to the back room with the nurse 27th Poor Tom has been very unfortunate. Going down he received a despatch saying that Mr Scott was absent. He kept on however but was stopped at Keating by a burning oil train and after [-] ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B28_F1_I1_p237.jpg) miserable roadside tavern night reached Phila at seven Saturday night. Wednesday, having seen nothing of Scott he left for New York to see what the Erie RR. men were about. He expected to return today, but I greatly fear Scott will not help him. Then_ what is he to do! He says his journey is paid by the settling of the new Station just where he wanted it. It rained all day. Yesterday and the day before were pleasant, but we noticed flocks of wild geese. Sunday Novr 6th _ Tom made his unexpected but most welcome appearance on Saturday week. Harry and Elisha and I had gone out on the Smethport Road to see how the wood sawyers were getting on with their job and the children grew so much interested that I stayed until dinner time. Returning found a telegram from Tom and went up to the station to meet him. He had availed himself of the chance of having a long talk with Scott to come up in his special car. He tells me that Scott said he would iron his lateral, ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B28_F1_I1_p238.jpg) He had found S's attention diverted from the through route, but had turned it that way again. He says S. hopes to get a 2/3 vote on the Aid Bill (of which he is not hopeful) and in that case would put it through. S. desires him to keep the route from public notice at present. Jay Gould offered to construct a lateral to our lands and either buy or give him a royalty on the coal. This tempting offer he declined from loyalty to Scott. He is pushing the work on his lateral forward as fast as possible. Last night he was up late, eleven that is, late for us, dictating to me a speech he means to make at a County Meeting in Ridgway tomorrow Thence he goes to Danville to the opening of the State Lunatic Asylum and then to Phila where he ought to remain two weeks. The 1st Dec. he has to be prepared to deliver a Report to his Board of Public Charities at Hbg, and then he must visit various institutions. So I feel pretty blue in parting with him. But on Friday <(4th)> we ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B28_F1_I1_p239.jpg) In a canoe down East Clarion River. had a delightful day. Tom had set his heart on taking me down the East Clarion in a canoe that I might see his RR Line which cannot be reached by any path, and be the first woman, the first white woman at least, who had ever floated down its waters. I didn't want to go, but didn't like to refuse I hoped that the barometer would stay down and the clouds empty themselves in rain. But our lunch was packed and a change of clothes in case of an upset, and when I went to bed the barometer had risen a little, and the moon was shining. Next morning we breakfasted at 6 and started in the crisp frosty dawn, a star or two still shining in the sky. At the station I stayed clinging to the stanchions of the shut up caboose we meant to travel in nearly an hour, expecting every minute to have the tardy conductor jump up, give the word and let the train start after admitting us. I took the waiting quietly, partly because I had resolved not to spoil the pleasure ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B28_F1_I1_p240.jpg) my darling designed me to have by grumbling at any chance mishaps, as if he had committed an offence in planning the trip. But I really enjoyed very much the unusual pleasure of being without other occupation or duty, free to watch the colouring of earth and sky grow brighter, and the East become more vivid and the pale lemon colour quicken into glowing light until the Sun flamed over_ the hillside and was reflected from the hundred windows of our trim little village_ and from the rain pools here and there in which I had watched the long ice-needles quiver. Then the men came hurrying to the shops and the heavy trip hammer and engines filled the air with noisy life. And before the scene fell into the commonplace of the accustomed lights and shadows of the hours with which I am familiar, Tom sent for me to come to him. Influence, friendship and a little douceur had secured us permission to ride down on the great engine 1092 which was about running to Wilcox to fetch a belated train. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B28_F1_I1_p241.jpg) One of my reasons for dreading the trip was that there have been so many accidents to the freight trains lately_ 15 in the week before we started! But the ride on the engine was delightful. The track was clear and I had no fears. The ferns and grasses heavy with seed hung down under the frosted silver of last night but the hillsides shone in sunshine. The valley of Wilcox looked lovely with a soft haze veiling the harsh outlines of hill and forest, and hindering the little town from seeming garish in its painted brightness. We found Captain Clay waiting for us and drove slowly up among the hills over such deep muddy roads that it required all the beauty of the landscape to keep one from being very weary. We passed Old Squire Warner's stone house_ and stony farm. The house in spite of the cheerful hue of its creamy pink and yellow walls has begun to look worn, and the place saddened me a little, though I don't love Squire Warner ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B28_F1_I1_p242.jpg) Ancestral homes and ancestors Here in Yankee land no one cherishes the ancestral home by instinct. Some rich people have imported the taste among the city folk who go up the Hudson, and changing some old shadeless roofed house of fifty years date into a handsome deep-eaved mansion talk of their forefathers whom they too change into a picturesque vision of their old hard-fisted selves as they worked and toiled a century back. But in these new lands we are among the ancestors of the future, and the sons of the present have no respectful love of the homestead. When their majority is reached_ "Corban, it is a gift" say they. "We are quits, old people, you reared us, we have given you an equivalent in the labour of our strong young arms. Now we flit to the westward as you in your day left the Eastern nest." So old Warner's sons are gone, and the two daughters who planted the few hardy flowers that bordered the path to the gate are lying in their graves; one in the Far West and the other in the overgrown grassy ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B28_F1_I1_p243.jpg) little graveyard where the cattle crop the few wild roses that grow above the forgotten heads and hearts that were so dearly cherished once. Warner's fences are decaying and no one puts new rails in to replace the broken ones. Does custom make the old man indif- -ferent, or unable to see the mosses creeping over the ground eating out the poor worn soil, overcropped long ago? Or does he fret to see brambles and "brush" encroaching on his fields, stealthily advancing from the corners and fences! Old Rasselas Brown too, whom we met lying on his wagon load of hay with pipe in mouth, grown quite whitebearded since the day I saw him weeping as his last and youngest son went to the wars. The "boys" are thriving men _ not over scrupulously making money in the towns _ and the old people are drying up on the fields they fought so hard to win. ~ Younger people are thriving making money now that the RailRoad ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B28_F1_I1_p244.jpg) gives them a market for their produce. Next to Brown's is Brechtel's. I remember when old Brown chuckled and sneered at the poverty stricken Dutchman who had been fool enough to buy the worn out hilltop on which Brownell's old shabby shanty stood before he moved away. Now Brechtel has the nicest funniest little farm there. He has at least a dozen neatly fenced fields each about the size of a pocket handkerchief, a number of little barns, sheds pigstyes and henroosts and on each is a little vane twirling in every breath of air. His barns are overflowing, his chickens are picking up a goodly living in his farm-yard and there is a thrifty orchard of young trees, and now I notice that he is making a trimly edged pond to water his stock. His house and porch are painted red, white and blue, for Brechtel is a practical poet and idealist. In summer the little front garden was gay with gaudy flowers, but they are gone_ Surely the little arch over his garden gate has not passed out of bloom too! I thought ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B28_F1_I1_p245.jpg) when I passed it last summer that there was something touching in the simple vanity that had inscribed in slim German letters on the little arch "G. Brechtel's Farm." "O, all ye that pass by!" _ Here comes the farmer himself with his pair of young horses. "Good morning Mr Brechtel. Where is your nice sign, and how fine your place looks!" "Mr Sheneral Kane, it was cut off mit a Pocket-knife and set up at de Seynct Mary's Road! Mr Sheneral Kane I would like to see dat man wot cut it off!" It is quite evident that Brechtel whose countenance is not idyllic nor peacefully pastoral would make it evident an un- -pleasant interview for dat man. Tony Clay tells me as we drive off that it was thought Bill Weidert did it. But we don't discuss the matter for we are stopping now at one of the half dozen ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B28_F1_I1_p246.jpg) Weidert farms, which are sturdy scions of the little clearing and log hut the old Black Bavarian pair made here thirty or forty years ago. A long quiet drive down the S. Mary's road past one solitary clearing brought us to Flanders, Tom was delayed a long while receiving a report from his Engineer _ an interval that Captain Clay and I passed in strolling about an abandoned clearing and looking over the bridge into the clear water of the Clarion. We drove, after Tom joined us across a field or two to a spot where a large canoe was drawn up among the bushes that almost hid the stream. Old Burlingame with was waiting there and Scott M' Donald (a Maine lumberman,) who were to "pole us down." This fellow was of a sturdy thickest figure, and would I thought have been handsome but for his extremely short neck His long red beard added to the appearance of his head had of being set directly forward of his shoulders with no throat. But Tom says all lumbermen learn to stand in that way the nature of their work developing the ox-like attitude. McDonald took his iron ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B28_F1_I1_p247.jpg) pointed pole and stood in the bow, I was invited to a seat of honour in the centre on a pile of hemlock branches. Tom stepped in be- hind me, and Tony who had been as it were leaping and wagging his tail for some time was invited in, and entered with the faintest possible demur. Lastly Burlingame stepped to the stern and stood there pole in hand, and we were pushed out into the stream. I was a little afraid at first but soon forgot to think of the possible wetting in the alter- -nate perfectly ideal tranquillity, and vivid excitement as we floated down the stillness, or shot between the rocks of the ripples. Here would be a reach of the stream in which the water lay in a glassy sheet, dark as we looked against it, crystal clear as we looked down. Then a sound of rushing water ahead, we would float round a point and our pole man gathering himself up into a live statue of Concentration would stand eyeing the foaming "ripples" until ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B28_F1_I1_p248.jpg) he selected the rocks between which he hoped to make our way. A quiet word to Burlingame a few minutes of intense exertion on the part of our two steersmen and we would be again in quiet water and would have descended the stream a foot or two. Sometimes instead of sliding between the rocks we grazed, or even ran on the shoals. Then out jumped the men and pulled us off. The first time I fancied we were pulling up stream, the water ran by so swiftly when we paused in our own swift going. I never dreamed of such luxurious motion. The day was soft, a perfect one, of Indian Summer. All the trees were leafless but the Hemlocks and Pines and the red brown beeches whose leaves cling to them all winter. The ground was strewed with russet leaves, and the banks green with mosses. The words that will recall the day to me will be "emerald, topaz and amber." We could look up the hillsides, now free from shrubbery and follow the soft curves and swells as we ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B28_F1_I1_p249.jpg) Brating dow East Branch of Clarion River could not in summer. On our right hand a line of "blazes" and cut saplings indicated the "tryline" of Tom's RailRoad, and he was de- lighted to see how naturally the road could be laid, as his old recollection of the ground had assured him. We landed on a pebbly beach to dine, and then re-embarking floated on, stopping once only at a lovely little islet where Tom made me land to look up and down the stream. It was sunset, or past sunset when we reached our stopping place the mill pool at Wilmarth. The day had clouded over but there was a pale golden light on the tree tops and touching the hills above us. The woods rang with axes, and a wide avenue cut for half a mile through the forest showed a pale blue mountain on the opposite side of the valley through which runs the P. & E. RR. At our backs the avenue continued some distance but there were no busy figures on this side the stream. Tom held a long interview with Burlingame then another with McDonnell, then we ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B28_F1_I1_p250.jpg) crossed the stream and I watched him talking to the head-man of the gang of choppers until the chill of evening began to fall, when he joined us and we walked along an old Indian meadow to the RailRoad _ the P. & E. RR_ that avenue is all of ours in existence so far. Then Burlingame left us to telegraph for permission to have the train stop for us, but giving him up we moved forward to a wagon we had in waiting. There I seated myself, and Tom, being a Commissioner of the new Road we were to follow, immediately was absorbed in a business talk with two men who seemed to spring out of the dusk to vindicate "purge themselves of the contempt" with which he spoke of the work on their contract. No Burlingame yet, and after my poor tired Tom had walked about a quarter of a mile in search of him we at last started, knowing that the old man intended to sleep at Wilmarth's and supposing he had given us up. The moon rose as we climbed (our mule team, that is) the steep side hill along ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B28_F1_I1_p251.jpg) which we followed the West Clarion. The P. & E. RR ran below, us occupying the only good ground in the narrow valley above the stream-bed. The features of the landscape were indistinctly seen in the misty moonlight which sometimes glistened in the waters of the stream and sometimes shone on us while the opposite mountain-side lay in profound shadow. The obscurity no doubt "heightened" the scene. I do not suppose the river and the RailRoad were so far below us as they seemed. The road is a new and very muddy one, and far too narrow to run along so steep a mountain side, but we hastened as fast as we could. We were very anxious to reach Wilcox if possible in time to catch one of the "Empire freights" now laboring up the valley far behind us. Now and then we heard a signal, at last one far nearer than we liked. "Two blasts" what does that mean?" Tom asked. I hazarded a remark that perhaps they were stopping ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B28_F1_I1_p252.jpg) Night drive by mule team between Johnsonburg and Wilcox at Johnsonburg to take us up. It was not an encouraging idea to think that if we had waited quietly, we might be resting in the caboose while now we should probably have to stay all night at Wilcox! We hurried on. At last we heard the beating of the train, and then saw behind us the fiery column of sparks which passed us as we were toiling through a perfect slough. But soon we touched plank road and drove swiftly up to the depot where the train had paused for orders. Tom hurried me up to the head engine, and I shrunk back like a coward. There was another engine close by it on the track we stood on and the fierce glare and noise after the darkness confused me I suppose. However Tom gave me a wee scolding _ hardly that, for there wasn't time, and in another minute we were on the engine and racing up to Kane. They were anxious to pass Dahoga Siding before 8.20 or else they must lie over there for hours, and it was sufficiently provoking ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B28_F1_I1_p253.jpg) Dahoga when we broke a coupling with the intense strain. A few minutes joined the long train together again and we passed the siding in safety. Every few minutes the door at my feet gaped and the raging blinding heat darted out to meet the shovel- fulls of coal. One would have thought the dazzling light would have kept my faculties on the alert, but Tom roused me just as I was falling asleep, nodding over the furnace. The train had stopped for us at John- sonburg, they said. They put us down at the Big Level Road about nine o'clock. We were soon in bed to be roused to starts of thankfulness for our roof when we heard the pouring of the rainstorm that soon set in. Tom went away on the 8th first to open a Lunatic Asylum , then on to Phila We had a little snow yesterday the 9th but it is melting away. I must try if I can to describe my first sermon_ on the 8th ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B28_F1_I1_p254.jpg) 10 Nov. 1870 PA. RR. STATION AT KANE. 10th Novr Curious! I have made no mention of a thing that has pleased me. Tom has had the village street graded, and, offering the site to the RR. they have agreed to locate the new depot upon it just at the intersection of Fraley Street with the RRoad. Dear Tom. I wonder if any wife so long married ever had such a lover of a husband _ at least any woman so unattractive as I am! He gave up his own plans and wishes to "fight my reconnoissance" as he calls it, and this matter of the village street and depot, I may call the conquest of a small redoubt which he offers me. I have not space here to point out its value to our property and the great convenience it will be to us ~ He is prosecuting the RR. matter now, that he may be able to prove my con- fidence in this country not, unfounded. My confidence in him it is, really. 15th November. Snow is falling this afternoon as it has done at intervals all day. I am expecting the return of two school teachers whom Tom have hired in Philadelphia for our school and ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B28_F1_I1_p255.jpg) whom he wished me to receive until they got themselves settled in lodgings. I have striven to entertain them: they are now at the village seeing after the school and tomorrow I hope they will go there to open school and lodge at the Hotel, boarding at the Restaurant. Tom writes to me that he will soon be home; he is worried about Nohlquist. "About Nohlquist" means that after Tom went away I determined to take the children a drive. The day was exquisite Indian Summer weather and "though on pleasure bent I had a frugal mind." So I said I was going for eggs. Coming near to Nohlquist's clearing I was inclined to turn back. His wife had sent for him in the morning saying she was sick I did not want to hurt their feelings by pass= ing without stopping, nor did I want to stop with all the children. But the children pleaded with me to go on and as I was hesitating Nohlquist himself came in sight, dressed in his best and alas, unsteady in his walk, coming towards us on his way to town. He ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B28_F1_I1_p256.jpg) He stopped to tell me he was about to get "from Mrs Kane tree dollar" and go off! I was fortunately able to tell him I had no money. Then up came Anna Christina weeping also, who seated herself with a little wondering blue-eyed boy, among the dead brambles by the road side. She is a dark, liver-coloured, thin woman, toothless in the upper gums and looking older than her husband. Finding that she was very angry in the "nagging" way, and that she evidently disbelieved distrusted Nohlquist as inter- preter, I made her mount my triumphal car, the mud-carriage, while Nohlquist followed with the children, and drove to seek Mrs Svenson who could speak both Swedish and English. I could scarcely keep my gravity as the absurd quotation came into my head, coupled with the picture I have always seen with it of the British Queen's Chariot and the weeping daughters following after_ "When the British Warrior-Queen, Bleeding from the Roman rods Sought indignant of her wrong ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B28_F1_I1_p257.jpg) Counsel of her country's gods." Arrived at Lindholm's farm, Snokulla we alighted and walked up the long pathway jagged with freshly broken stone. Mrs Nohlquist thought she would get ahead of me and made a little run, but I saw that I could easily outwalk her, and assuming the insolence of rank to which she at once succumbed, I literally "took the pas" of her, and knocking at the door seated myself on the little bench in the porch, permitting Madame to stand. Mrs Svenson came out, blushing at being caught in her stocking-feet, blushing still more when she understood our errand. Anna Christina's story (with which Mrs Svenson and the Lindholms evidently sympa- -thised) was that Nohlquist was unkind to her; that she had come out <(from Sweden)> because he wrote to her so lovingly that she thought he had changed from his old unkindness. That in Sweden he used to drink and then become crazy, and when he was crazy accuse her of being unfaithful; that she knew we believed it ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B28_F1_I1_p258.jpg) because the General had written to her that he would get a divorce; that she was lonely here and he was unkind and "had someone in town," which was why he didn't come home of nights; and she knew that because he had written her that he would marry some one else. Then she complained that she knew nothing of his affairs, and feared he was in debt. She was an unreasonable woman, and no matter how I defended him still cried and shook her head. And amazingly ugly she looked! I was convinced it was all her fault but just then Nohlquist swaggered up, and either drink or incipient insanity, or his his worse self showing itself in a sly insolent deference to me and defiance of her _ made me take a sudden bolt over to her side of the quarrel, and whereas I had previously preached to her, I now lectured him. But his mood was changed from the "larmoyant" and he stood red-faced and massive on his two drunken legs and said 'she might go with any one she liked he didn't care, all he wanted was to keep his home ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B28_F1_I1_p259.jpg) and rear his boys." I said they were her boys too. "No, his boys, only his," he averred again and again. "No," I told him "in America if the wife behaved well, and the man drank, they would give the children to her, and he must pay for their living. But," I added "if he hoped to have his children grow up good, they ought to have their parents living together in peace." Upon this he began to cry and agreed with me. Then he said she was angry because he slept at our house. I told him that when he had been sent for because she was sick the General had made the house safe with bolts and nails and provided pis- tols for all, that he need not sleep here any more since she objected. Then the cunning insolent look came back and he said, "Soh! I very much t'ankful. So now I not sleep any more, but I come tomorrow begin work on contract for all winter at a dollar eighty." ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B28_F1_I1_p260.jpg) "No", I told him "you had given him that in order that you might have him here when you were away." He said that wasn't so, you gave him a dollar eighty because you knew he could get a dollar seventy five anywhere and be free, that he could do better than work for you at that. "Well then, Nohlquist" I answered "you know General Kane only tried to do what was best for you. He wanted you to work at the mine, but he gave it up when you said your wife didn't want you away. And he tried to provide steady work for you near home. But he doesn't want to keep you from better things. If you can do better you are free," and I waved my hand to him. He had not expected this, and feeling he had gone too far suddenly said "Well, I will try to be better to her. Come Christine let us go home!" pulling her by the sleeve. "And if Mrs Kane will let me have one little twenty dollar I take my wife little trip to Warren." ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B28_F1_I1_p261.jpg) This I refused and he went off with a pleas- -ant bow to me and such an ugly smile at her! I hurriedly bade Mrs Svenson tell his wife to go home quickly and to be just as pleas- -ant as she could be and not to let him go away if she could help it. Next day was rainy and he didn't come. But the day after he came and wanted medicine for her, she was sick. Day before yesterday he was not at work. He was at Wilcox, looking to Tom as if he was drunk, but he says his wife sent him for medicine. ~ I fear she makes his house a scene of constant bickering and in that case she will be his ruin. Aunt Alida has her hands full at present too. She was so angry because we did not come that she sent for Augustus Con- -stable, made him her heir and adopted him Young Hopeful showed his gratitude by stealing her coupons and all he could lay his hands on, and took himself off to the bad ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B28_F1_I1_p262.jpg) Look up Nov. 18, 1857 women with whom he consorts. But he has had the address to humble himself and obtain her pardon by kneeling at her feet and looking handsome. It is quite appropriate that the last pages of my book should record this as the pasted note in the beginning tells so different a story. For- tunately we are not looking for her poor shoes to be empty 18th November. Thirteen years ago today <1857?> I thought my heart was broken. Today we are in trouble though not for ourselves. Poor Joe Barnes has been very wretched. He was indicted by the Grand Jury for theft, and has I suppose been trying to put on a brave appearance outwardly while he was miserable. Last night he "watched" at Jones' dying child's bedside. He did not go to work this morning, they say he was drinking but he was about in the Mill Yard and looking pale, his hair not curling as usual. He borrowed a pistol from a man who thinking he looked wild asked another man more intimate with ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B28_F1_I1_p263.jpg) Poor Joe Barnes' suicide 18 Nov. 1870 252 him to go after him and see what he was about. This Peter Gervais came into Barnes' house just as he had shot himself, and then came running up for Tom. Dr Freeman too happened fortunately to be in the village. They did their best to get the ball out in vain. It entered in front between the eyes but instead of piercing the brain went down- ward crashing its way backward. The poor fellow is perfectly conscious and may live. He had written a few lines in pencil they found, saying "Genl Goodbye Old friend. Goodbye Doctor Freeman Bury me with masonic honors. Sis, dont ever marry again. Genl I leave near $1700. Won't you see my little girl gets an education. Goodbye Tom Jim you may have my tools. He was anxious to have Tom take down a statement of his accounts with Griffith and made his will. His mind was perfectly clear, but he told Dr. Freeman it was no use trying to save him, he would do it again. He made two efforts afterwards to get at other weapons, and now they have men watching him. He may live ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B28_F1_I1_p264.jpg) but he will suffer atrociously if he does with pain in the head and may recover with a weakened mind. May God have mercy on his soul! ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B28_F1_I1_p267.jpg) Mayor Oct. 14- 1870 appointed General of Militia McKean. Elk, Forest & Clarion See Oct. 4, 1870 Gen. Kane sends word to Brigham Y by his son that T.L.K. would not become his successor as governor of Utah Territory. Also declined Arctic Expedition. I hope Bessie was pleased! ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B28_F3_I1_p002.jpg) "Belle" No 7 Dining Room stove of Fille[-] of St Louis Walters is the name of the man who said Joseph Smith could find the treasure but he couldn't. Inland Empire Cook Stove [Drawing on bottom half of page] ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B28_F3_I1_p004.jpg) 1872 Tuesday Novr 19" 1872 Left home at last on the six months holiday Tom has so long vainly desired. Is it too late! I hope not: I shall do my very best to make him enjoy it. For the journey. Every minute till the last was consumed in get- -ting business details finished. Tom was so worn out that he pleaded for another day to endeavor to ob- tain rest. I thought it better to get off even though we waited as we did about three hours in the depot. Our carriage drove off and left us- the last link to the dear home, and even the carriage looked doleful with Scipio's miserable grays in place of our stout handsome horses, sold last Friday. At last we were off, and were rattled and jolted to Erie, and went to bed there about eleven worn out. Wednesday. 20th Yesterday's snow and dreary wind prevailing still. Reached the depot about half past nine A. M. and waited for the train till about six p.m. Had I been superstitious I should now have turned back. In- -stead I congratulated myself on the enforced rest to Tom, though his back pained from sitting up so long. We had to miss seeing Cleveland, and found ourselves in the morning rolling along the southern shore of Lake Michigan three hours behind time, and with no ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B28_F3_I1_p005.jpg) prospect of breakfast for either sick Evy or sick Papa Thursday 21st Spent the rest of the day in Chicago It was bold ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B28_F3_I1_p006.jpg) Evy asked me if he might use wider spaces for his journal than those in his little pocket diary—which seemed only made, he thought, for people who have nothing to do in their lives. Yes, chimed in Willie, They would do for a prisoner who has nothing to write but, "Monday-Dark and very cold. Tuesday Dark and very hot." ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B28_F3_I1_p007.jpg) 12th Decr. Left Salt Lake City, after a six o'clock breakfast, J.W. had a carriage waiting for us and we drove rapidly to the depot through the clear, frosty morn- -ing air. We found a special car waiting for the Presidents party and it was soon quite filled with those who were going as far as Lehi to see us fairly off on our car journey among these was my friend DBH and his two sisters, formerly wives of Jos Smith, one being now a widow of Heber Kimball, the other Mrs Lina being a wife of Press Y. Mrs Lina sat by me for a while and spoke of Polygamy and the sisterly feeling she had for the other wives. She said that while she was aware how strange it was to me_to her it had long been known to be Revelation as it had been revealed to her by Bro. Joseph 36 years ago. We travelled down Salt Lake Valley while the moun- -tains on our left were still in shadow but the golden sunrise was pouring over the tops of those on our right. The snow is off all but the highest summits and some of these are only veined with it in their ravines. We passed over a trestle work that was very long & very high, for Utah; and stepping ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B28_F3_I1_p008.jpg) to the rear of the car to look at it, we caught a beautiful view of the plain, the city nestling at the mountain foot, the blue Lake and Antelope Island. We soon made a halt at the Lead Melting Works of an English Company run by Germans. It has only been in operation 2 weeks, and the "boss" was in great delight over the purity of the resulting lead, there being only 2 pwt of silver to the ton of lead They paid $100.000 for the patent right in the U.S. of the process. They said this lead was as pure as that of the Swansea works and purer than any German. Mr Jennings invested largely in the stock last week & Mr. Staines said if he had $10.000 to invest he wd. put it there we arrived just in time to see the boiling lead run from one cauldron into another The boiling lead was clear as water. A few minutes after we resumed our journey the gorge of the Emma [-]une was shown it, a most wild & [---]y ravine. No one could guess from its appearance that human foot had ever trod there. Yet there are thousands of men working in its re- -cesses. The cañon is called the Little Cottonwood. Opposite across the sunny valley of the Jordan 12 or 15 miles distant is Bingham Cañon, a noted mining region also, and at the depot next to that where the smelting works were, this we visited, we saw there was another in operation. As we passed along I noticed at one place in the vallet that a pretty pool of bright water had a light cloud rising from it indicating a hot spring. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B28_F3_I1_p009.jpg) Mr. Stain[--] said he thought it possessed no mineral virtues or vices. At Lehi we left the train. There is a narrow gauge track running on beyond but I believe the wide gauge ends at this point. Saw nothing of the place but a crowd of wagons, carriages etc into which our party piled. For us there was the Pres. own easy city carriage with a white canvas cover nailed over the panels and roof. Soft pillows were in the corners, a beaver robe under our feet and JWG's beautiful beaver coat over our knees. The drive was magnificent. We had on one side the beautiful Utah or Timpanogos Lake, keeping the mountains back. On the other the mountais were quite close. The plain was quite well settled, that dreary sage brush being emproved off the face of creation in mosh places by means of irrigating ditches. As we rode along I read steadman's touchy lines about Horace Greeley, and thought how his life had ended in clouds & thick darkness while [--]Y's seems to be crowned with peace in seeing the country he has planted blossom as the rose. I thank God however that G. was permitted to say—I know that my Redeemer liveth. I know that his Redeemer lives. We came to a settlement on the Lake side called American Fork which I thought lovely. These Mormon villages have such wide streets and every house is so set about with trees that they look like a bouquet arranged by an artist in a vase, each spray of flower and leaf disposed to show its beauties instead of the close set masses of the florist—like our towns. [--]dy tell g[---] shes not in bank [--]t Bishop—Harrington by name brought us delicious apples we watered the horses and started forward & Reached Provo about 2 P.M. Tehall use up all my adjectives in describing the places. The Pres. house where we stopped and were welcomed by Mrs Eliza ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B28_F3_I1_p010.jpg) is a large white villa of adobe plastered. The drawing room was very large comfortably warmed by an open "Lady Franklin" stove, with a pretty white & gold and crimson wall paper, and green furniture. Here as everywhere photographs of B.Y. conspicuous— Here I found the reason of his curls He was heavy with fever & cold after dinner and slept waking complained of head. Mrs Lucy went over for a basin of warm water and stroked his head down for ever so long and then curled up his hair. We were to have gone to the factory but he felt too sick & went to bed at six. ¶ Our dinner was exceedingly good, abundant and clean. The large house was kept in its exquisite propriety, a dairy of two cows managed, and all the cooking washing & baking done by Mrs Eliza Y. with the aid of a girl of 15. Not many books of course in the house. Our room had a nice dressing room attached and among other conveniences they have brought from Phila a coloured man John just to wait on us, one of whose duties is to attend to an earth closet that travels with us— Mrs Young is a blackeyed active woman of about 40 the first who joked at all about Polygamy. [As I scribble now we are crawling at the foot of Mt Nebo 12008 ft above the sea. There is a cold wind blowing: We have just passed P[---] Spring where there is a little farm. Our teamsters had halted & made a fire Here we watered the horses] ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B28_F3_I1_p011.jpg) Decr. 16th Monday Evening Settlement of Scipio—Round Valley. I wrote a long letter to Harry yesterday at Nephi, but was forced to take to notes before I finished and must return to them. Just retiring for night singing heard choir of 12. 2 violins singing admi- -rable. Note of tunes at end of book widow [---] leading female singer. 5 of the people from Liverpool. Altogether pleasant visit to Nephi. Rose today at 5. Breakfast over by 6 clear cold moonlight but did not start before 7.30. Rode Mrs Musser sick—took her with us. K. going with Mr. Musser. Whenever she slept and the way grew long read Hickmans confessions. Most unblushing rascal. Climbed slowly to Chicken Creek—pond over springs—Hickman says over one of his victims—stream rushing out round side of hill, bordered with stalactites of ice, walked about for a little, then finished climbing divide between Juab and Sevier Valley though we took farewell of Nebo but even here see his snow crowned head. Then commenced long slow descent after descent down to Sevier River now a creek like the Potato but in spring and summer five or six times as wide. Bank on one side deeply cut in gravel bank. Sevier's extraordinary course. Teams grouped on further bank. We [---]ted on hither side in the little plain it yearly overflows. Bridge of timber hidden last year to top rail Ferried Mrs L. Young's daughter. There dined off nice lunch provided by Pitchforths milk wine meat cheese bread cake tumbler plate towel knife etc. Men, do thou likewise. Then strolled about enjoying view. Team took fright dashed down road & disappeared in canyon probably overturning there Narrow escape of our carriages— <[---]> another gentle ascent & a descent into Round Valley. Scipio a new and poor settlement. Kindly received at Bishop Thompson's log house of one room and kitchen le[-]n to— whitewash—big wood fire— shakedown & bed—difference of comfort between Yanks & English Indians left off troubling for a year past. Not killed any one for four years! ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B28_F3_I1_p012.jpg) Poor as the settlement was there were two loghuts in the enclosure—a rough cedar fence. We were in that of the 2d wife. Remarked to Mrs Musser on the poor economy of two households to one family. Agreed but said it had often been noticed that a man found himself as well able to provide for several households as if he had but one wife and chil -dren—though wives seldom earn anything. Furniture at Scipio—Red wood chest marked Lydia A. Thompson small size double bed—curtained with dark green cotton figured bureau, cotton cover edge with lace bracket shelf under little glass also covered & edged—family came in to comb hair, table chairs, cushioned rocking chair— pitcher basin on little red covered table—neat rag carpet. Muslin ceiling tacked at intervals whitewashed—pictures coloured New York Beauty Irish Beauty "Fannie" Rose Welcome Farewell Pretty baby Lily, little kitten Table provided fresh rolls, Mince pie, two kinds cake, stewed dried apples, beef fried, stewed chicken, mashed potatoes good tea white sugar and cream. Today, the 16th our journey led us up out of Round Valley over into the Pal[---] country. From the top of the Divide looked over a grand view. The Sevier occasionally seen, and a glimpse of the Desert—nearer mountains without snow—but behind, let by sun, occasional snowy summits— Nebo beautiful as a dream reappearing from time to time. Expected a good deal of Fill- -more having heard of its fruits and being pleased with Cedar Springs—a place on the edge of the Divide looking out from its orchards on a vast plain below it stretching away to the Desert. ¶ Found Fillmore building up very red bride & very red sandstone houses to which the wooden caves and other trimmings adhered but did not belong. The house we stopped at was of this order. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B28_F3_I1_p013.jpg) The parlor roughly plastered inside and then whitewashed —lounge badly stuffed with straw—The usual photos of B. Y. Geo. A. Heber C. & D. Wells., on walls. Glass over high chimney—broken glass on window panes—centre table usual large Bible of Yankee type—Pictorial family register photographic album from son missionary in Sandwich Islands. Master of the house King first settler in Fillmore, looked like some one in McKean old Johnson (Jesse) gray haired—red eyelid—wife large untidy looking Jewish cookery and house empressed one as dirty though could not say why. Bedroom cold & basins etc emptied but not washed. As soon as settled enter Kanosh. Have made notes elsewhere about him. At bedtime got fire going in room. Mem. When I have guests see that their rooms are warm enough. Association—Tot cold when at Kane reminds me of K's foot, and how I then made his cloth shoes to go to Phila in October— only this fall that he has been able to wear a regular shoe. Only since we came to S.L. City that he has laid aside his crutches. Thank God that he is better! 18th Decr. Tuesd Wednesday Long drive today 40 odd miles. Passed mouth of Wah ker cañon where he is buried Collected water at Corn Creek near Kanosh's City to carry with us to our noon camp around. Charge in soil that is now see many ant hills and prairie dog holes. Rough porous black rocks cropping out in edges in early part of drive to refracted mountains. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B28_F3_I1_p014.jpg) Have been amusing self and children when the hours were long by giving them spelling lessons, multiplication, poetry and in recalling to them the inci- -dents of their journey out. But for this wd find the days very long, although I try to vary them by writing as now and by reading to the boys Ross Bro[---] Apache County One of our party a wife of Supt Musser has been suf- -fering for some days and K. has given up his seat in our easy carriage to her. When not asleep she is the most silent woman I ever met. I am not much of a talker com- -pared to the rest of our family but the discretion fo Sister Mary Musser may be perfectly relie[--] on. She is very pretty with regular teeth delicate eyebrows and golden brown hair very soft and abundant. We moored in a pretty little glen, sheltered from the winds a real hollow of the hills. Tom mounted the hillside in a way th[--] startled me, as much as the children did a large gray rabbit as they call hares here. As we had no water various drinks were produced. Our milk ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B28_F3_I1_p015.jpg) had frozen and burst the bottle at Scipio: our home made wine—also from the hospitable Pitchforths—had been left at Fillmore. Mrs Musser produced some lemon and ginger syrup —it wd have been nice but was hard frozen. Some one else sent us home made wine: another produced a favorite Mormon drink "Composition". The powder is sold in the shops and contains ginger, cayenne cloves and bayberry, Boiling water is poured on it, it is sweetened and mixed with cream. I think it nauseous. The afternoon drive was tedious. The sun was sinking when we reached Cove Creek Fort, and drove in under the archway. It lies in a volcanic basin—B.Y. says it is in the crater of an extinct volcano. All round it all oddly peaked mountains that when we left the Fort after alig[---] to look round us were glowing in purple and gold, looking no more real than the cloud mountains of sunset with which they mingled Further on the road s[---] wagons were encamped their supper f[---] already glowing. In the near hills was a solitary part ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B28_F3_I1_p016.jpg) lodge—a wick-i-up they call it—where lay a young Indian who had shot himself in the thigh while hunting yesterday. All round the fort were strongly fenced in fields: outside it on the North was a very large barn with a well stocked yard. Our teams were being led in to discompose some cows who had a proprietary air as they moved discontentedly aside in the cold frosty air. There was a sheet of ice to recross before entering the fort whose heavy gates are closed every night although the Indians round are still the friendly Pahvants. The fort has a gray stone wall pointed with white about 30 ft high. with pierces above for rifles, and adorned with six chimneys. North and six South, the gateways opening East and West. Entering the large courtyard we found it filled with our vehicles. Six doors opened to the North giving admission to large comfortable bedrooms, six to the South opened into kitchen dairy, telegraph office [---] [---] The bedrooms were all [---]y furnished; but ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B28_F3_I1_p017.jpg) unfortunately Mr Sicklin the man in charge had taken one of his wives and most of the children and the furniture of their rooms to SLC Consequently two rooms were empty, consequently the Kanes and [-]llussers shared one be- -tween them. Tom slept on a hard settee on the furs out of the carriage, I slept between the boys on the floor, Mr & Mrs. M. on the bed. How self denying of me! Not particularly, I feared Willie would roll out of bed and knew there wd be a cold draught from a broken window pane behind the bed! It was an awfully cold night. Cove Creek Fort is 6000 ft up. and K. and Mrs Musser suffered from cold. She was also in great pain. I was comfortably warm but lying spoon fashion between the boys their kicks kept me awake. Our dinner-supper was served in the telegraph office across the fort after dark. Delicious milk and [---] apples, good bread butter and cakes, and [-] shining clean linens about the glass and linen that was matter of great surprise where [---] learned that water was a mile and a half off and very little ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B28_F3_I1_p018.jpg) of it then! Cove Creek is led to the fort in summer though it is apt to dry up but its waters are turned off now as it "overflowed the fort with ice." Two wells have been dug 100 ft each but no water has been struck. It seems a foolish thing to build a foot where a besieged garrison would suffer so much for want of water, but I believe it is only intended to guard against temporary Indian attacks. B.Y. says the soil is the richest in the world when you can get water on it. As we left the table we noticed a beautiful 2 yr old child—One remarked her rosy cheek clear blue eye and golden hair another her white skin another her tiny foot and ankle and plump little leg. This is the child you administered to Brother Brigham said the pleased mother— "Oh-ahem-ay!" said B. who had not been listening but saw she appealed to him—"Yes, you laid hands on her when she was only a few days old, and I did not think she had an hour to live Now look at her!" Apropos Mr. Staines in his Sunday sermon spoke of a child's faith thus illustrated, and also gave some interesting remarks on Baptism for the Dead Thursday 19th Passed through a more wooded country, at the summits of each pass we found ourselves in a forest? no—wood—no wilderness of cedars short so ragged so ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B28_F3_I1_p019.jpg) forlorn—an ordinary forest might have been set but on the plain and then buried up to the neck, and the un- -kempt ragged "mountain cedars hair" looked like that of some bewitched tree. The <[---] succession of divides> miles we passed were chiefly volcanic—stones full of bubbles—midst of gold district—still overtaking numberless wagons dotted all over dusty plain—bound for Pioche. Cactus again— Pine Valley saw two stunted pines—flat topped—looked as if you could take a seat on its top. Dog Valley was a round flat hollow as smooth as your hand except where the prairie dogs had thrown up their hills [-] no sage-brush there. The dreary sage—so dead looking in this land of dust. But for the signs of encampments, and the passing wagons looks as if the last day had come the folk were gone, and the lettered dust and worthless chips of creation alone left. But wherever water is to be found there these Mormons have irrigated, ditched and drained ploughed and fenced, planted and built out of the very dust their pretty villages where they all kneel morning and evening to implore the protection of that spirit by whose breath they live up in the hills bore the speculators and miners thrift[--]r lazy drunken wretches whose main idea of religion is to curse &despise the polygamist while their wo[--]n! ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B28_F3_I1_p020.jpg) Wild Cat Canyon is exceedingly narrow and winds in and out so that it is little wonder that for a long time it was thought there was no pass, and wagons were let down by ropes. Wild Cat Canyon looks like the mazes children make with cards. At the summit saw a grand panorama of Mts. Here we looked over and saw to our left the rugged snowstreaked Bal[-]y above Bullionville. In front range after range like the Table of Comparative Heights—every shape—to the right among a range of gravel Mts rose up one of cliffs and precipices serrated, deeply & parted as the botany books say its top resembling the Crater of a volcano which it probably was. Leaving this we began to descend—the day growing cloudy to Indian Fork where ½ doz cottonwoods a few rods of fence, the pebbly bed of the frozen stream and a fringe of shrubbery made a rest for the eye tired of the barren land. Coming on down to the plain of Beaver—stony and poor land where a [---] can't live on a/c of hardness of soil. Thrifty Mormons brave ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B28_F3_I1_p021.jpg) picked out 3000 acres of good soil to cultivate. Here almost the only soft water in the Territory. Last summer only 7 weeks between frosts. No fruit —Forgot to say that near Cove Creek Fort is a mt of solid sulphur—90 percent tested—from it flows sul- -phur creek. Into Beaver—One, two three, rum holes and a billiard saloon before we reached Bishop Murdoch. Queer for a Mormon town. In the evening found there was a U.S. camp near of 200 men—Reason why! How the virtuous men of the mines [-] the soldiers came down on 3rd July to "clear out the men and take care of the women". 30 Henry Rifles—disarmed them—officer said he wished they had shot them for expressing such sentiments. Bp Murdoch big house 60 X 40—sick wife, pretty daughter—beautiful bedroom good wash and comfort generally. Spanish Trail—other footprints of the old rule extended up farther than this from Mexico. e.g. California spurs curb bit bridle lariat Mexican saddle Spanish pack saddle Friday 20th Decr The storm we have him drenching ever since ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B28_F3_I1_p022.jpg) we started, and which has sometimes approached closely seems as if it would be upon us today The sun is trying to struggle through the gray masses of cloud, which are dropping snows on all the mts round us. As usual an escort of 5 or 6 men accom- panies us. A guard is quietly set round the Pres. every night. Yesterday we saw ten or a dozen Indians in a village waiting to see the Pres. horses tied to a fence Navajo blankets faces all painted in best style one like the reflection from a hot fire—one yellow! One Indian rode several miles cantering by one of our horsemen—leans very forward in his saddle, blankets dropped almost like a riding habit on crupper. Pres. says soldiers cost about $2000 to $2500 to keep [---] Road today rough—volcanic rocks cropping out. All Indians yet seen have on Navajo blankets—best proof that U.S. has not furnished them. Navajoes have sent in 3 or 4 unarmed parties to trade at Beaver want horses won't take money. Windsor Castle. Garrison at Beaver posted out of the way but on drinking water & Ca[---] barrels ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B28_F3_I1_p023.jpg) Judge Hawley vacates trench for McCurdy—a lawyer naturalized several citizens less particular than Hawley B.Y. on the subject— renders a conversation in pauses—no—"says he"— Sentiments of Mormons like those of real Southern "union men." There goes Brigham's carriage with a horseman in close attendance and away off, the dust of a wagon like the smoke of a steamer trailed out over the plain. The noon-half was made at Buckhorn Springs where was one little house, with a close palisaded enclosure for the hay and animals No modern conveniences whatever. An old Southerner named Ander -son and his old wife were wearing out the evening of their days here. Such a wind We heard it blow against the house as one hears it against the sails at sea. Mr. Musser lent me a cipher code to examine while we were here. Mrs Lucy Y. was very curious to hear the news that Mr. M. was reading to the Pres. something about women voting in the territories. How strange it seems to see the long telegraph line stretching across these deserts and to have despatches received at every halt! The afternoon drive was rather uninteresting. We drove past some very red cliffs, over some a tract of red soil, and then came to a rushing red brook, a crumbling red wall of a deserted fort, a few red adobe houses, and some stacks of golden hay that whenever one cut into way intensely green—a dreary blowing wind howling through everything. Tom said ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B28_F3_I1_p024.jpg) [---] is accounts Sage Bushes or he would rather die outright than live two days in such a hole. Leaving Red Creek we coasted along the side of a rocky wall that reminded me of 3rd Av. N.Y. near Harlem. It wanted only a street car some stray bits of straw newpapers three Irish shanties and a stencilled "Try Tarrants, Efferves- -cing aperient" to make me at home. The rendering of the wind blown dust over the smooth rock was perfect. "Hark" says Biv! There's music Listen!" We all laugh and Willie points to a herd of cattle. Its a cow mooing. Another gust of wind brings the sound plainly to us It is the brass band from Parowan come out to meet us. They play John Brown the horses of the boy escort with them dance about, and the band wagon falls unto line, Sunset is fading as we come into Parowan, and the snow louds that have threatened all day have been caught by the skirts and trailed themselves over the mountains behind us. Promise of a fair day tomorrow. The only thing we could see of Parowan an old settling of 21 years was a double row of cottonwoods quite as large as our 31 year maples and a U.S. flag hanging from the Liberty Pole, We drew up in the ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B28_F3_I1_p025.jpg) yard at Bishop Danes and were soon seated round a great fire of pitch pine. There were two wives one very short and round the other unusually tall and thin like women looked at in the bowl of a spoon—several pretty daughters. I was greeted as "Sister Osborne". The family must have put the house at our disposal We who halted were the Youngs and ourselves and were quartered Gov. & Mrs Amelia in one room— Mrs Lucy & daughter and Mrs Empy in another—Kanes in the 3rd Shakedown on floor—no water stood on box to have room to undress. Just in bed when serenade began. Very good K said who got up & dressed 4 babies in arms of choir one cried, maternal refreshment administered. These women came out on the hand cart expedn. Saturday 21st Dec. 18 miles to Cedar City—12 to Kannara. We are nearing Cedar City: the day is beautiful though cold, nothing new to be seen—plenty of volcanic rocks, plenty of sage bush rabbitbresh greasewood and dust—no water, no trees—some cedar bushes on the mountains—generally plain looks as if a traveling circus had just moved off. We heard of a fire at S.L.C—a second since we left. BY. said it was the work of incendiaries "who ought to be attended to." He remarked apropos of a cold he has that ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B28_F3_I1_p026.jpg) he meant to take the remedy he gave babies for colds a teaspoonful tincture of Lobelia, a teaspoonful consecrated oil a teaspoonful of molasses—dose a teaspoonful —Dined at Cedar City a pretty place lined with cottonwoods. Evy said How lovely the sound of the wind in the trees. Dined at Bishop Lunt's—a tavern—two fresh looking wives—went with Mrs Lucy into the tel. office in the kitchen where the wife was attending to her cooking in the intervals—very neat and clean—said "Parowan had been called yesterday evening repeatedly but did not answer: suppose she was at meeting". K. had a good deal of talk with a very ugly Southerner named Blair—& examined his specimens carefully. The silver ores were slighted but his coal and magnetic iron ore arrested attention. Marks of pyrites on the lumps of coal seemed to indicate that there was more pyrites in the beds than was exhibited but a fair coke was obtained 2 specimens of hematite suitable for mixing with the purer ones (one alleged by Blair to contain as high as 93 percent iron ) prom- ised well. Solid limestone for flux was stated by B. to be in juxtaposition with the coal—K thought it might be well to trace this deposit as far South as to the nearest vicinity to the S. Pacific ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B28_F3_I1_p027.jpg) Scenery this afternoon very grand as we approach the Rim of the Basin—the valleys narrower, mountains varying in colour and shape— noticed at Cedar Creek numerous cracks winding about in the ground 5 to 10 ft across 3 to 7 feet deep caused by drought. Piede Indians loitering round house one on horseback with lame foot—did he hope "Bigham" wd cure it? No notice taken of them any more than of beggars abroad One Captn John had a slight smattering of Spanish sign of drawing South. "Los dos Frailes" Red pointed Mt Sinai Red gorge gray gateway opening up Right in front fresh gravestones of deserted settlement just passed Sunday Decr 22. The desert- -ed settlement turned out to be the former location of Kannara abandoned on account of the winds which sweep through the Pass and the mt we called Sinai is the Peak of Kannara. Kannara a dismal looking place a few adobe huts—but the Bps house was a nice brick edifice. Here the Youngs and ourselves are. Yesterday afternoon's drive carried us along a level or apparently level plain forming a wide avenue between mountains that gradually drew closer together towards the South where opened the one wide Pass of Kannara at the Rim of the Basin. Here the Wah- satch Range terminates. Today we go over 18 miles of rough road to Belleview and tomorrow are to be in the warm country. The night was excessively cold. Bishop Roundey's wife had something the matter with her back and it was not easy to provide for us. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B28_F3_I1_p028.jpg) Yesterday evening B.Y. told of meeting Wahker 21 years ago at Chicken Creek. BY was traveling and was informed that Wahker had come up with about 20 men and desired to see him in his lodge. B.Y. replied he was in haste to reach a certain point and could not stop—Wahker felt a little sullen but when he had gone a little distance he mounted and galloped after him. Pres. carriage halts—Wah- -ker dismounts—Pres. gets out and lifts him off ground. <20 times> Pres. in turn not to be outdone in warmth and brag—lifts Wah- -ker off ground. If Wahker were living now as he was 20 years ago there wouldn't be a man of these soldiers left—wd just be snapped up and swept off. In his day all the Indians for 5 or 600 miles followed wherever he chose. Told story of Capt. Hunt of Battalion now Wahker described to him their doings at various camps—I was close by you when you did so and so; and so and so. Many a time my young man cd have carried off all your horses. No no said Hunt—Wahker laughed at him, and said he cd often have done it but something held him back: didn't know then what it was, but knew now— Wahker used to be the terror of the country—but was a friend to the Mormons from the time they came in—and traded with them right along. *[---] notes on Huntington Told the story of his interview with Kanosh— When he entered We had fixed up a nice little house for him, and he had his plates and dishes in the press, and his high post bed in the corner and his door and his window and chairs ranged round the room. Our folk wanted me to go and see him how he was fixed So I stopped my carriage and got out. Oh dear—I can't but laugh whenever I think of it! Some one had given Kanosh a heavy black overcoat in winter. It was now a very warm day oh a very warm day in May and Kanosh had it on and his coat and shirt and a thick [--]ew pair of cowhide boots and there he sat cross legged on the top of the bed. He thought he must ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B28_F3_I1_p029.jpg) hope hope hope mary you goose middle plump of the feather bed do something for dignity. After awhile come Kanosh says I you'd better get off there. Just then—the bed had a valance all round—it was lifted up and his squaw poked her head out from underneath and looked up. Here he gave a comical upward twist of his head. Speaking of Wahker he said that he came once to Wahker's camp—His daugt child was sick and our men heard that if it died he meant to send some of us with it. Oh no says I he wont So I reasoned with him. The child wont die, I said but if it did one death is enough. What good will it do to have more. Well says he I'll think of it. But we laid hands on the child and it recovered. This morning speaking of the cattle of the co-operative herd here some 500 600 being on a range 5 or 6 miles away. I asked what was to prevent their straying any number of miles off. Bp Roundy answered like folks seemed to feel kind of settled— B.Y. said some men and some animals never seemed satisfied at home others wd keep right round camp. Roundy spoke of steer that loved this range. Had tried to drive it up on present range with cattle repeatedly but always came back. Last summer sent it with whole herd on Rio Yingen but this spring reappeared by himself—feeding right here alone always know where to find him. Amelia spoke of Dromedary escaped from JWY's museum at S.L.C. found on the Muddy making its way to the Desert—terrifying all the animals Indians following its tracks—thought the Gt Spirit had descended. Parties of Navajoes been here to trade. Signified that if ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B28_F3_I1_p030.jpg) Mormons wd trade wd understand that they wished to be friends—otherwise not Bp Roundy hunted up horses mare for 7 blankets—pretty as Navajo blankets—very thick waterproof fast colour. Navajoes wonderful horse tamers—red powder in little sack so soon as get chance to rub on wild horse's nose that's right—they move right along—all present agree offer of B.Y. ½ of wild horses on Island in S.L. if the N's will subdue them—Mormons to have first choice. Spoke of horse tamer who broke horse of halter breaking by fastening halter to foreleg. Wick-i-up here with a dozen Indians probably Piedes. Man here Berry repeatedly chased but says it was my brothers that got into the bad scrape. "Ah what was that?" Killed and one of their wives—not scalped— Who did it, Navajoes? No I think it was some of these Piedes— "Remember for only 3 years back am struck by the absence of swearing by their kindness to animals and children and no smoking drinking nor chewing. Argt with K about the Virgin Mary I say Catholics wrong Better idealise maternity in women —Difference in their church and ours Bread and water in memory of the shed blood of Christ—handed to all even to the boys and me— also difference of the men being all present—no regular minister addresses by two or three Mrs Empy sick—"women have a hard time of it—disgusted with women"—BY has had 56 children 6 sons married 17 daughters ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B28_F3_I1_p031.jpg) K. tells me the Peak of Kannara is in Kane County—We are now passing mouth of Kannara Canyon where two great yellow mountains part and give a view of a red one dotted with dark green cedars—not unlike the vermillion face of the Piede the children saw at meeting today. Three of them remained with their hideous faces pressed against the little window enough as Evy said to give you nightmare for a year—Yuccas again air stereoscopically clear view perpetually changing like a kaleidoscope. We are pitching down over the Rim of the Basin This yellow Cañon with the strange solitary red peaks starting up abruptly in it more closely resembles a scene in Egypt than in the Holy Land The yellow mountain cleft sharply down shows red inside the cañon and the peaks are left isolated The Mormons say they have crum- -bled rapidly in 20 years. By the bye since Powell's visit to the petrified trees Mormons have found Fremonts camp ground and brought back bits of petrified bacon rind. Monday Dec 23—I had an idea of what we were coming to as I wrote yesterday—indeed thought our journey rather dull— crack in mountain we approached looked down it saw deep ravine entered it carriage road winds turns short at each side ravine at least 500 ft sheer down, frozen "Ash Creek" at bottom—ears burned K. profane for fun—Ash—K— paragraph Genr K Lady & 2 ch— Ev. that wd. be all the mention of us two! Grand stone pine! Great descent achieved. BY said 1000 feet— ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B28_F3_I1_p032.jpg) Came down to a wider valley—change of look—still dreary—valley narrowing steep stone rock wall on the left— at last green wheat field—buildings seen—4 single adobe—mud brown Belleview! Oh dear what a horrid night we'll have. No! Why a pretty two story house—no smoke from chimney though—we supper I fear. Enter clean kitchen delicious dinnery smell—two nice wines of Mr. Gates. Pretty baby—and boy—Parlor—lace curtains bed -rooms and pillows—work of the young one made me feel in a place of refinement 3 lace curtains between June & September doing own housework and nurs- -ing "Emma." nice supper Room changed by Prests order Raisins handed round. Mr. G. 3 wives. Prayer Lamanites might see visions and dream dreams that wd lead them to embrace the truth. Pray for our children at home. Saw Prest putting on Blk John's coat—Teamsters at table with us "Brother" So and So—Lady of house waits hardly ever sits down with us. Early start for tomorrow retire to room pleasant though without fire. Monday Dec 23. I take fresh start— Left the Belleview house dull gray sky—dull gray rocks- began ascending, descending strange glimpse of distant ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B28_F3_I1_p033.jpg) colour spread on plain colour of the heart of blazing coal can sun be shining–no–prones to be red sand plain–mts piled on mts–every tint of red–Navajo blanket Mts Cathedral dome and towers rise above them–end of Wahsatch range coming on waters of Rio Virgin & Colorado they say–mts now mesas [Small drawing of plateaus on page] Palisade at top of volcanic rock–red below–stripes of white chalk-making Navajo blanket-old volcanoes-ascent into craters, rim of mesa proves to be great blocks of black slag–like pictures of Vesuvius, as we climb see Pres: anxiously watching carriage with Staines- Remarks wine–Bro. Lorenzo breaks down-Pretty Harris -burg–red soil–vineyard peach orchard red mt close behind Great red arch Not stop! Not wait for wagons behind! No lunch nor feed horses–Rapid ascent just before entering canyon halt-little bustle-blood on horse's mouth-drunken man troul "intruded" on Pres: drunken man extruded promptly cannon's pretty horse–Let operator from Beaver thats how we come to have ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B28_F3_I1_p034.jpg) news at each halt. Terrible ascents and descents of craters–distant views can't describe Will. says fairy story–so nonsensical to have every sort of rock and colour at once- so con- -fusing–and plants too- like Swiss Fam. Rob.! Pretty Washington–factory English looking operatives– leaving Belleview began to change plants–coming in of various unknown ones–no more sage nor much rabbit bush–high cactus bushes ilexes, acacias, myrtles– yuccas prove to be their soap plant. General tone of vegetation green–not only in contrast to red mts– by time Washn reached see green grass along irri- -gating channels- Garments warm when He guideth earth by south wind twist and turn for final ascent and descent–Indian painted see Rio Virgin in distance– (K's comparison leaving Belleview gray mts like corrugated foreheads of giants) counting down–sun was set and St George basin all in shadow–see smokes and trees softly mingled–drive ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B28_F3_I1_p035.jpg) irrigating channels disappearing under ground–adobe moulded factory–church–town hall building–wide red sandy streets trees with grapevines against them on sidewalks seem to be pretty houses– stop before great house–Hotel or Bishop's house? Don't know our quarters large rooms–parlor and bedroom opening out of each other into dining room. Hungry–but must read welcome letters from home. H's conscientiousness praised God bless her! 24th Decr. Passed chiefly in the house waiting to unpack trunks wh. did not come till dusk. Delicate gloves and all small toilet fineries coated with blackening. Letter papers with vermillion. Went with Pres: to call on Mrs Lucy. Hers is the "Home in S. Utah– Sick in the evening wretched night Christmas 1872. Dismal Christmas—Tom kept me abed till after breakfast, and spent the rest of the dull day at home. Mrs L. Young tells one that the wife of Mr L. mourns so as having ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B28_F3_I1_p036.jpg) passed beyond the veil is not his only other one. He has a third. The elder ones are grown up all over 30: one of them is the Jos: W. Young I saw yesterday two of them are wives of B. Y's. His own nieces! Isnt that a horror!* A man here today who accompanied K. on his journey in '58. says K went over the worst hill he ever saw. It was there 200-300 Indians gathered to see him and their men who had labored to evangelise them for many years had difficulty in explaining K's character to them. Do Indians realise dying out of race? Oh yes we have taught them the principles and they see the fulfilment. that if they did as we bade they would in time become white. But if not they wd die out. They didn't obey nor keep the peace and they know they are dying out and why. *I must correct a mistake. L Y's first wife was a widow They were her children not his. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B28_F3_I1_p037.jpg) L D. Young knowing looking at the view of our house em- -bowered in trees says The first year we came we were camped by City Creek where the Lion House now stands There were about six or seven trees in all S.L. Valley then and Mrs Young says, says she Father, we've come 1500 miles in wagons and a thousand miles through the sage brush and I'd get into the wagon tomorrow and travel a 1000 miles further to see shade trees instead of these rocks and sands. Never mind Mother says I–(We always called each other Mother and Father) never mind I've got a bushel of fruit tree kernels and I'll set them out this very fall and you'll soon have shade trees! So I did, but the grass hoppers ate up all but three or four. Those terrible grass- hoppers! I interrupted! ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B28_F3_I1_p038.jpg) Gen Pouranor ve parley vous par a G. vous[---] always takes care of his friends mais vous ent[-]ndy c'est leur code des [---]s [---]mes qui lui ressemb[---] ne pas parley [--]mia leurs femmes des affairs de leurs clients C'est pour eux pointe d'[---]neur Would change his opinion of me if he thought I was inquisitive about B Y's business [-] y a deis choses que je ve peux pas oser Sunday 29th Evan & Millie have been very sick the last two or three days. Yesterday we took Mew out in the afternoon and went away up to the Red Cave saw four Indians & came away pretty fast. Today at conference big new Hall–entry on platform singing peacefully–came out telegram from Paoche frighting between [---]rs 2 already killed 40 armed with Henry rifles gone up from town American Fork Bishop Bringhwurst nephew of John Bringhurst of 10th & Chestnut. Noticed his name however signed to an advertisement of names of persons of the Springville Branch who were excomunicated ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B28_F3_I1_p039.jpg) Nearing Chicago March 8th Dear Tom is better today than he has been since leaving St George. The boasted steel rails on this road–the Chicago Rock Island & Pacific are very rough however after the U.P.R.R. What are we going home to! I dare not think I have prayed so earnestly that sales may be made to relieve my darling's mind from its oppression that I cannot help hoping God has granted the prayer. If He has not seen fit to do so: what shall I do! God have mercy on my darling! Thou knowest all; thou knowest what we need Have pity upon us for Christ's sake. Chicago March 9/73 Sunday So glad we stopped over. Tom is nicely rested, and feels better than he has done since his attack. I too am better for being here. The children and I went to a Universalist Church by accident and heard a very poor sermon on the grand text "Call no man com- mon or unclean". Wrote to Papa & Sam Field ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B28_F3_I1_p040.jpg) with Amelia End of gravedigger–had killed a steer made a raft of hide & bones–raft found gone to pieces on mainland some miles below name John Baptist– Man who settled Ogden Goodyer–a lad in service of American Tem Company married a squaw–sold out to first white imigrant who sent for seeds and trees to plant came to see L.D Young on his arrival in the Valley–urged him to take his nice young family & go–frost every month–nothing would him FD Richards kindly pleasant dull looking man beard a sable silvered–snub nose–small dried up wife–Mrs J.W.Y. not so sickly looking as Libby but quite as half cut— Jos A's wives fingers loaded with jewelry— Amelia sallow–dys- menorrhea pale lips and blue gray eyes–dark brown hair resolute face a. has had much trouble in polygamy" Mary Ann 1st wife–told me–because she could not see that first–but became satis -fied at last that it was her duty– ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B28_F3_I1_p041.jpg) Scrap Notes Diaret[--]–of forced mare[-] North from St George to— Lehi 27th Arrived here at 12 M. the time the special train was ordered to start. to find that it is stuck at "Sandy" and won't be here for two hours. We break- -fasted at half past 6, and found that Pres. Y. was wrong in saying that our yesterday's road was the worst there could be. On the con- -trary today's road was much worse there having been a frost severe enough to convert the recently ploughed fields into hard cakes. We stalled several times and Mrs Empy's big wagon was turned over on its sude twice. Last night on coming to Provo we found a telegram from Manti "They have hired Tabby Ann to assassinate you. Be on your guard." Pleasant for B.Y. March 5 Left Ogden for Omaha Stayed at Franklin D. Richards wedding feast Mrs West 1st wife [-]o W. cousin of 3rd K suffering greatly watched him till 12 slept till 4 up at 6–& off–Blind west 1st wife dead Mary Ann Emmeline Clara & Lucy Decker Lucy Bigeloro–at S. George Margaret Pierce Nadmah Twiss Trina Huntingdon Harriet Susan Mary Croxwell Dear Amelia Folsom Augusta Cobb Eliza at Provo Special train to Ogden– loving farewells–nice lunch visit to Tabernacle & New have house, plans & musuem ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B28_F3_I1_p042.jpg) two feet fall of snow abroad–K–also encoura- -ging dispatches from E. –saw a pig straying over a snowy field at the foot of the mts–the first I have seen in Utah–for among their other outrages they inter- ference with the liberty of the citizen the Mormons won't allow pigs to run at large: we who have founded a settlement in the free State of Pennsyl- -vany know how impossible we found it to restrain the freedom of the Pig. K. was waited upon by a committee of fellow citizens to represent the intolerable hardship of the clause in his agreement for Town Lots restricting pigs & fowls to the limits of their owner's property–and was constrained by public opinion to rescind the clause. Now the more respectable ones regret it– but in our US we labor under the Tyranny of the mobocracy a far more cruel one to my thinking than that of an enlightening theocracy or aristocracy either! That treason I pro[-] Hideous bushes–maped snow blown away Am [---] of [---] [---] ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B28_F3_I1_p043.jpg) -fying the clothes of their dead end scenes of mothers recognising the garments in which they had laid away their babies fury of the people–doom of the grave digger–fore- -head branded ears cut off–put on Antelope Island where the horses are–no young calves–no sheep there because of wolves & wild cats. Imagine the terrors of the poor wretch! Mrs Empy & Amelia seemed to think nothing of it. Tanner is Bishop here–not Douglas. Only about three inches fell last night–[---]gh however to clothe all the mountain ranges in dazzling white. Get an idea of it by the way sifted sugar falls in heaps from your scoop into the scale dish lovely white clouds pausing to kiss the pure mt tops and floating off into the deep blue sky. Road terrible though a team went ahead to break it B.Y. says too much bo[---] broken all to pieces 3000 inhabitants at Payson nice meeting houses round headed windows–gallery "too high for line of sight" says B.Y. houses chiefly adobe Master Will strayed off under Seleg. operator –Redson for staying at Payson because telegram [---] ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B28_F3_I1_p044.jpg) has relieved me for the present— Bishop Douglas comes from near our old Shanes Castle. His wife a lair d'um domestique. I do not know if he has more than one— P.S. no–only one–5 children living 3 dead. wife keeps mill[---]y Wednesday 26th "Boyd" came to see K–reminded him that he met him first at Sarpy's– was with him two weeks– was with him afterwards at Cedar City when he was Dr Osborne told me that he had been of the Baltation–served in USA. 1 year [--]mos–in Mexican war– helped to raise the 1st US play in Cal. on old Castle of Los Angeles hole–eplicid 100 ft dragged it 75 miles–hoped then that it would be a blessing to the nations wanted all to share its benefits loved & served US and did so still felt he had earned a right to a citizens rights, but if U.S. would give them–why then the other Mrs Amelia's stray [--] grave-digger-stripping toad discovered by the attempt to remove body of Rowan Clawson shot after he had been a shoot[--] Harriet Hanks made his [--]t & identified it- Grave digger attempted to prec[--] friends-no no-body naked-investigation- confession-some folks would struggle for thier clothes-thought it was their spirits-had st[---] bodies who always dressed in their temple suits of finest linen-washed dryed [---] sold for blinds-temple & [---] house printed out. People identi ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B28_F3_I1_p045.jpg) that the elder daughter was so much better that she was able to join in the music lessons‑ that when Mr. Pitchforth had engaged lessons for the younger daughter she had said Now let Noe and Mary learn too, and Noe was so grateful because she had felt so badly about having had to give it up & then saying she couldn't bear the noise and being taken at her word. I felt as if we had come among old friends. There was such an evident welcome from all down to the little children. Before leaving I instructed the women in the making of beef tea‑wine‑whey etc & gave them as many directions as I could about disinfecting rooms clothes etc‑as Tom did downstairs to Mr. P. They gave me as a parting gift CRS vo[-]s Po[---] and Mr. Lyons‑ This was Monday. Today Tuesday we are struggling 8 stalled & abandoned teams along over fearful roads toward Payson. Did I say that through Wild C[--] Canyon the snow was 3 ft on a level Nephi lies at foot of high peaked mts now covered with snow. In June its plain is a sea of grass‑A road goes up to Sanpete‑the sitt[---] of the range of valleys East Sanpete etc was within a few years freed Nephi, Fillmore & Scipio from Indian troubles. The bad Indians being now 15- 20 miles East. Payson Feb 25 Seen from the bench above the town Payson is a much larger place than I had thought. I suppose it is Utah Lake, that looks so beautiful in the distance. We are obliged to stay here because they tell us that the 18 miles between here & Provo will take seven hours. We expected to go through and have quite an unexpected balance of strength I have really suffered from toothache but a glass of sherry ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B28_F3_I1_p046.jpg) There has been so much distress & poverty this winter and Sister Boyce has handed out right & left and I have held back & said I hadn't it when I could have spared something Maybe if I had done different the Lord would not have smitten me down. Lay yr hands upon me and pray that I may become a better woman. I felt so sorry that I did my best, but all to no purpose. Her time had come. Mrs L.D.Y. has 7 children nice looking ones‑a little Rosabelle sang "Put me in my little bed" and "Up in the morning early" in a clear little pipe. Joseph A Young's wife Clara met us here with her little "Kane" 3 months old whom I dandled a good deal‑a nice clean good tempered baby very like the father. This house has two rooms one of which the best was relinquished to us after the dinner supper Mrs T. & her children Pres. Snow & Mr. Jos A. Young visting us. In the other room Mrs T. her seven children Mr. Staines young Snow & at least one teamster were stowed away. Great pine fires roared up the open chimneys outside the rain poured and the wind blew as if we were at sea This morning Monday Feb 24 as I write the skies are clearing but the wind blows fiercely. By seven I had everything packed up and the bedding folded away Mrs Thompson's breakfast isn't ready however & my teeth ache. On road from Scipio to Nephi the few teams we passed had from 4 to 8 horses on road from Nephi to‑ Payson‑seven abandoned some sunk on one side to hub-Scipio to Nephi 38 miles took from 8.30 to about 7 P.M. to get there Bore the first part of journey well but the slow travel of the afternoon almost too much for me as well as for K. So glad to see friends Pitchforths and indeed to enjoy their good clean table‑supper waiting alarm about spotted fever at Sanpete. Their Indian boy was better‑"Aunt Mary" followed me to my room to tell me ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B28_F3_I1_p047.jpg) he would be away off in the van of some fresh effort leaving rewards to be reaped by others I always pulled back for 'tis my nature to‑ yet the pair of us have advanced further than I ever would if I had been let alone. My husband's name is Kane Christian name Thomas L. mine is Elizabeth: and we hail from Pennsylvania, and‑ Exactly so‑he is a younger brother of Elisha the Arctic explorer. Now you know all about us. No, there is still to explain what brought us out to Utah "You recieved that telegram from Minnie?" Yes, you saw it first didn't you. Yes I sent it on. It was just as we expected Laugh‑ Scipio‑Again at Bp Thompson's but this time at the first wifes Mrs Loraina Dulciana's‑ our former hostess "Aunt Lydia" being sick the little girl told me All our horses & mules are sick we have relays of fresh horses at every settlement who are exhausted by the time they have plowed through the melting snows. The 23 or 24 miles of our journey took from about half past eight till 5. Tom was less fatigued than I feared he would be. Mrs Lorinda Dulciana's mother died the winter the Mormons camped near the Poncah's. She was a very penurious woman & when struck with mortal disease came to S. Oh brothers. I must tell you ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B28_F3_I1_p048.jpg) in preference chosen the trodden ways of orthodoxy like punctuality everything done decently and in order as well in religious meeting as in the ordinary affairs of the world‑brought up to feel that "we are all one flesh, and wear one flannel with a proper sense of difference in the quality." By one of the odd con- tradictions of which Life is so full, I married at sixteen my opposite in every respect. We pull along the road, of Life marvellously well considering that our team is made up of a race and one horse. My husband's life has been full of adventure and while I have long professed Christianity he has practised it so literally as to be considered eccentric putting himself in the fore- front of every movement for the benefit of humanity until it had passed through the opprobation of its <[---]> early growth. When it had succeeded and its leaders were being patted on the head by the world's approval ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B28_F3_I1_p049.jpg) frozen down‑basket of apples in our bedroom‑Tom in bed by half past seven‑read aloud to him. Poland Com. Report and bitter denunciations of Mormons Frelinghuysin Bill also‑ Mr. Staines came in hopeful over a telegraphis rumour of the appointment of a committee to- visit Utah. Tom got through night wonderfully well Sunday <23rd Feb> Morning‑Off early for Round Valley Mary Collister 7‑ 3 living} Caroline " 12 9"} 3 — Helen? 9 5} 28 17 Mrs King 7‑ 6 living —continued foo[-] away back Can tell how many grains of salt you need to flavor my story with how much the truth I mean to tell is coloured by the spectacles through which I have seen it. I am Scotch by parentage and nature, English by birth and early childhood. New York trained my youth my I have been a member of the Presbyterian Church since I was 15 & may say of all my life since that after the strictest sense I lived a Pharisee. I don't [--]ilen by this‑a [---] [---]‑but that I have ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B28_F3_I1_p050.jpg) circulate our Indians went there and say that the squaw lived 3 or 4 days and said she was hungry and wanted to be let out but our Indians were afraid daresn't do nothing. There's nothing Indians will fight for sooner‑they shot 10 head of cattle over him. When Indian testimony was taken before Judge Drummond at Meadow Creek about a murder Indian asked the nature of an oath [---]hat wd happen if he lied‑said when he died he would go to a dark canyon full of snow where there would be no game would be always hungry Mrs King who is staying here for a day or two‑daughter of Levi McCullough‑of Mormon Battalion her mother died while father away Mrs Collister tall, dark eyed very pretty and youthful looking but mother of 7‑ of whom 3 were living‑described the beauty of her twins who were so like that even she could not always tell them apart and less near friends could only tell which was Ida and which Ada by their beads. One died at 8 months & 5 days and the other exactly a year to an hour after having mourned its little sister in every way a baby could show grief‑ house of brick in beautiful orchard two rooms below, two above Fillmore beautifully situated in a large plain bounded by peaks mountains‑celebrated for its orchards though repeatedly ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B28_F3_I1_p051.jpg) 75 in the band men & women included. There came down a voucher from Dodge to King to be filled up. He wrote to insert no more than what was distributed King ac- -cordingly filled up the figures and wrote None where the names of articles occurred, which were un- -represented in the two small boxes. He says Kanosh is now entirely out of horned stock having sold and consumed all he had to supply the necessities of his band. He says the wife of Kanosh who murdered the other was told by Kanosh that she would die for having done so bad a thing: he would never have anything to do with her. Many Indians die when thus told they have so much faith Wah-ker died at Meadow Creek. I heard he was very bad but when I got there he was dead: they made great lamentation: they shut up a boy and a squaw‑they put him in a crevice of rock & piled up rocks over and round so that air could ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B28_F3_I1_p052.jpg) tracks‑that had that is the block had rolled down from the high cindery net‑over near Kanosh City‑ Says Dodge has sent down the supplies for Kanosh- came only a month ago-sent them down but wrote to King to let them stay not to dis- -tribute them, as he had no authority to allow any one to do so. Wrote again to distribute them. Kanosh had gone North to Cedar Springs to hunt so he took a buggy drove up & distributed the goods Kanosh said‑This is enough write to Dodge to tell Mr Grant that this is enough. Their religion is to please the Evil Spirit: because the Good Spirit won't hurt them I can earn enough to supply my people. He was vexed because so little, and such poor stuff was sent‑about $400 worth, freight included‑ blankets worth $2. apiece not enough to go round the band‑the men had one but not the squaws: there were a few worthless little shawls some combs & such trinkets and 100 lbs of tobacco. There are about ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B28_F3_I1_p053.jpg) the Indians poured into kitchen and were given food though women busy dressing our breakfast ‑over to tithing yard for May; they carried it out by the armful and threw it down before their horses in the street. These were Pah-rants of Kanosh's band. Tom had about 16 hours in bed at Beaver which gave him strength for the next journey We carried three bottles of soft water along for him. The journey to the fort was but 24 miles but K. was awfully weak at night after reaching the Fort. Saturday Evening at Fillmore Saw Mr. King of Kanosh's settlement He says Kanosh's whole band went to California before the Mormons came here. The Spaniards gave his father the name of Kano Canoche-Hoary head-which has come down to "Kanosh" the son-Francisco "Sisak" He says a civilised race evidently lived here once: they come so often on pottery, buried bricks even a wall last summer of light colored well burned brick Says they found on a hard black lava block the print of a childs naked foot, th[---] ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B28_F3_I1_p054.jpg) I am not so strong in it as I ought to be. But I have married a polygamist and have lived with his other wives 8 years and been very happy. Today's journey very cold and the Ash Creek Canyon sublimely ter- -rific. I am now scribbly beside Mrs Roundy's fire in wind-swept Kannara waiting for dinner. She is unhappy about her husband who is leading the Arizona expedition. After dinner we drove on to Cedar City- Passing the abandoned Kanosh settlement its grave stones looked more dismal than ever in the dreary snow storm. The storm was pretty bad as we crossed the Rim of the Basin blowing so hard that Mrs Empy's wagon was in great danger of being blown over Sick horses-going t[---]y pair of oars at Red Creek at Parowan Bp Murd[---] pretty Julia-dressed in purple & gray- Indians in kitchen [--] [---]ds riding by ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B28_F3_I1_p055.jpg) at Leeds, and we drove very slowly through the storm to Belleview where pleasant little Mrs Gates and her clean warm house and good supper were most welcome. I wrote to Cousin Sam in the evening-apropos of the State Road Taxes. Mr. Fisher and Lizzie Holmes' deaths. Tom was distressed by the bad telegraphic and newspaper reports of the bitterness at Washn against the Mormons. Nevertheless he at last fell asleep and slept splendidly Tuesday 18th Rose at six the weather very cold. Mrs Gates followed me to my room to give me a tidy she had made as I admired her work when we passed down. Asking her about polygamy-she was unprepared to answer: then said if she could take the position of Mr Gates fourth wife she felt she had no right to complain of another being taken. Then she said it was not fair to take her as a sample of Mormon women because she did not join the church from faith but because her family‑ her sisters had embraced the faith and were about leaving her alone in England. So she was baptised the last thing and therefore "as for religion ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B28_F3_I1_p056.jpg) Feb 17. Left St George with the first snow of the year lying white on the ground. Quite a number of our friends had gathered to bid us goodbye‑Mrs Mc. Donald & "Sorainy" Young, Mrs Snow & Libbie, and Mrs Lucy all shed tears as we drove off. Tom suffered very much over the stony ascent to Washington I thought‑and so it seems did he‑though he did not say so‑that he would be forced to turn back. When we got to the easier road however he felt better and bore the rest of the journey better than I dared to hope. It commenced snowing again ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B28_F3_I1_p057.jpg) Kanosh has not been re- -quired to move to Uintah. His band is already on a Reservation: Corn Creek where they live is a reservation. I know about this for I was sub-agent under all the Indian agents for 10 years until Supt. Dodge's time. They had no blankets but have supplied themselves by selling their own hunting ponies to other Indians Navajoes. They shd not have sold their ponies it cripples them so badly The Callister Bishop of Fillmore Willard Co: U.T. Dec 17/72 One snow time since I got blankets‑no flour no beef but a little last spring‑no flour‑no wheat‑no oats‑no corn no bullets‑no see nothing but Dodge talk heap talk weino posharoney‑katz yahk‑good talk but no give‑ his + Kanosh mark Dec 17/72. Fillmore ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B28_F3_I1_p058.jpg) Hang-a-tah Pahvant bro: of Kanosh age 36‑good looking Kanosh says 50 and 8 in band‑no heap‑not a hun -dred‑all dead‑sick no [-]hoo[-] his brother big boy sick 4 days dead‑heap sick‑no walk Has had ten children 6 boys 4 girls all die when very young ‑W ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B28_F3_I1_p059.jpg) Evan 58½‑5.3‑ Willie 52½ ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B28_F3_I1_p060.jpg) I was Clerk for the Co-operative Kanosh's Indians had some beef last spring. I know when the orders were issued to stop it‑it only lasted about two weeks. Kanosh has had nothing whatever since, ex- -cept what the Mormons have given him. Last night was dreadfully cold: that was why they asked you for boots and blankets. [-]olney King Fillmore Dec. 17/72 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B28_F3_I1_p061.jpg) [Sketch of hand drawn with the following which describes symbols of palm reading] Jupiter Saturn Apollo Mercury Ring of Venus [---] of the Heart Plane of Mars Mars S[--] of the Head Mt of Venus Neptune Apollo Sine of Saturn Sine of Life Mt of the Moon ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B28_F3_I1_p062.jpg) Swan of Fifeshire. Came to Nauvoo to marry Myron Clark: jilted him to marry Heber C. Kimball: was dissatisfied obtained divorce but human law won't part those who are sealed. So HCK would say Fanny all the divorce bills in the world won't prevent me from holding you in Eternity. Finally she appealed to Pres. Young who did make her free. Went to California to seek Myron: he wouldn't have her so married his brother George who led her a life! Is now a widow in San Diego Feb 8 B.Y. said that the Foxes came from very near where the Book of Mormon was found. Preaching at Rochester before the Foxes arose he had said You won't receive the true revelation and you will have twenty false revelations before long. You will see ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B28_F3_I1_p063.jpg) (San Bernardino) J[--] Waters‑the moutain[---] Pickett recognised him at the bluffs General Hunts daughter who became Nancy Daly I was living at Santa Fe with a Camanche wife, is now one of the wealthiest men of San Bernardino Bells rung 100 men in crowd came in on stage‑about 3rd day‑from Mitchell Lemon's hotel to Mr. Clarks whiskey barrel & fiddle Eb: Hanks‑now of Parowan‑was in charge the Bishop Wm Crosby now of Kavab having left Gen: overtook Uncle Joe Matthews train on the Mojave‑M‑now near Payson at Santaquin Hanks filled up Gen: to start at an hours notice in a carriage‑over 3 days to catch up to train‑ K. had no personal fear but fear lest mission might be frustrated. 3 yds comfortable 9 mattress no store in place President's house‑Amas[-] Lyman: He & Charles Rich —K. called up before 12 [---] Clerk who w[---] to me was formerly [---] ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B28_F3_I1_p064.jpg) Bp Harrington at American F[---] at Provo Bp Smoot Spent night of 12th at Mrs Eliza Youngs. At Payson night of 13th at Mr Douglas' house. Bishop Tanner of Payson drove K. up from S. Ber- -nardino. Stalwart blue eyed [---] says first night out missed K from camp fire‑found him clean gone packed him to carriage‑½ hour before he came to enough to show by signs what he wanted done for him. Crossing the desert 150 miles without water four persons & 3<1> gallon cans at beginning of 2d. Desert left one behind at night encampment. 2 gallons a tight fit. Horses? Oh they couldn't be provided for. Crossing [---] 5 miles no track could neither drive nor ride had to walk. horses [--] hull empty [---] at S. Bernardino stayed first at George Clark's‑this is the one whose wife wrote to me there at Bishop Crosby's. One of the Co: was J. Mayfield who has now left the Church Er[-]s at S. Bernardino Clark & his wife had left the Ch. They have now gone to California As I went through the wilderness of this world it was my hap to light on a den‑Bunyan This den was Ogden City Utah Territory: the time about 7 o'clock of a chill morning late last November '72, and I like Christians with my children was bound on pilgramage. I may as well tell you in the beginning who I am, and then you ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B28_F3_I1_p065.jpg) X Of all the people I've met so far‑Dec 15./72 Not one is a sufferer from e[---] Squaw‑manick tsi Mrs King cooks food Wahker in Wahker cañon my city 8 miles‑ Dodge Heaptalk moving forefinger backwards and forwards past mouth not‑moving it forward like sticking out a tongue ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B28_F3_I1_p066.jpg) 55 Pine Level 37 Tip of 2d Pine ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B28_F3_I1_p067.jpg) 1st Serenade outside "Dismission" from the Pioneer "Zion prospers" P. 133 Hymn 121. 8s & 7s O awake my slumbering minstrel Tune "Spirit Home" from the Musical Pioneer The words The time is nigh that happy time 4th Hymn L.D.S Nephi Juab Co: Dec 15, 1872 Pioneer published at 45 Broome St New York by EJ. Huntingdon Guide us oh thou great Jehovah Tune Broome Street P. 119 L.D.S. Tune McCabe P. 209-28s & 46 to tune of "Frenchy" words Come oh thou King of Kings Said "If all the people here were equally proficient they would sing for you with one voice Webb's voice down to D Leader Bro: Farnsworth ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B28_F5_I1_p004.jpg) [Written in top left margin in pencil] Begun 15/4/74 Da[-]n Lord: Page numbers in small figure upper right hand comer should be adhered to in making my typed copy, page for page, rather than condensing. It will be easier to check any errors in transcribing. Kent [written in top right margin in pencil] Note by E. Kent Kane, her grandson: E.D. Kane was born May 12, 1836 Married Thomas L. Kane April 21. 1853. The previous copy I have of this 1872 trip to Utah and her husband's Mormon friends titled "Pandemonium or Arcadia" (by her father William Wood) ended in St. George on Christmas Eve. [Main entry] St George Christmas Day 1972 The longest Christmas I ever spent! I wonder how we shall get through the days here. Our trunks have not arrived, and the Mormon books on the table in our parlour are not enticing; Parley Pratt's Voice of Warning, the Harp of Zion, and three or four handsomely bound copies of the Book of Mormon in as many languages; all presented to our host by the translators. We are in the largest house in the place. Last night when we arrived, I supposed that it was a Hotel, but it is a private house belonging to the "President of the Stake." We have spacious and comfortable rooms on the first floor. On one side the windows look out over a vineyard belonging to our host towards the gap in the mountains through which the Rio Virgen pierces after receiving the waters of the Sta. Clara. The different houses ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B28_F5_I1_p005.jpg) [-] Ea[-]t Hock ten acre ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B28_F5_I1_p006.jpg) of the town stand in the midst of vineyards, each occu- pying the greater part of a ten acre block. -pying almost what I should call a "block". Our front windows look out on the main street. Just opposite us is a building <2> of red sandstone <1> called St George's Hall, where we are invited to attend a ball this evening at 6.P.M! Our host called upon me just now with his wife. We made the usual commonplace remarks and they departed. In about five minutes more there was a knock at the parlor door. "Come in," I said, and my host re-entered with another lady whom he presented with grave simplicity, and in precisely the same form of words, as his wife. I cannot get used to polygamy and am always taken by surprise. Perhaps it is because the Mormons dont say "one of my wives" but "my wife," and I imagine there is but one. I rallied myself, and we discoursed on the weather, our late journey, and the prospect of ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B28_F5_I1_p007.jpg) my liking St George, while I secretly wondered whether Bishop Snow was remembering that I had used the same phrases in answering the same remarks a few minutes before. I had seen "Artemisia" and "Minerva," and after the Bishop had escorted "Minerva" out, I reseated myself and began talking to the children, but in two minutes more, there he was back again, this time with a lady who wore an indoors dress. She was presented with the same gravity, and we essayed the same remarks. Fortunately there was a new subject to introduce; Mrs "Elizabeth" was my hostess, and she had kind inquiries to make as to our comfort. She is a gentle looking, pale woman with dark eyes and hair, and the mother of many of the thirty five young Snows. When they rose to depart, the Bishop apologised for the infirm health of "his wife" which would prevent Mrs "Julia Josephine " from paying her respects to me! ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B28_F5_I1_p008.jpg) ST. George, Utah We are invited to dine with Mrs Lucy Young, wife of the President, today, but have declined. Thursday. This afternoon K. and I strolled out. The "streets" of St George are smoothly graded wide lanes, water murmurs along the edges of all the side paths, which are overhung with trees; vineyards and orchards surround the houses, and there are so many birds about that Evan said "the cottonwoods seem to have budded out in black- birds." The people are very friendly, and when I go out with the boys, I receive countless salutations, and the women come to their doors to say a pleasant word or two, or invite us in. There are Indians lounging about as in the other Mormon settlements. Besides the Pi-edes, who belong to this Sta Clara country, there is a party of Navajoes here today, who were brought in from Arizona yesterday, by the in- terpreter Jacob Hamlin–a cast-iron man who knows what ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B28_F5_I1_p009.jpg) he is talking about. I must expect to see little of K. as long as he can enjoy the society of these new pets. Except when with my husband, they hang about the Co-operative Store, round the corner. The grave and dig- -nified bearing of the Pi-edes Navajoes, however, contrasting favorably with the slouching walk of the dirty Pi-edes. Monday We reached St George not a day too soon. The Mormons believe it is owing to their prayers that we escaped the storm which threatened us all the way down, and which is raging in the upland country North of us. They look upon all the strange atmospheric disturbances of the last year or two as tokens from the Lord given to warn the world that these are the Latter Days. One of the "sisters" here asked me whether it had never occurred to me that the Lord was vexed with us for analysing His ways, as He was vexed with David for numbering the Israelites. She was alluding to the ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B28_F5_I1_p010.jpg) work of "Old Probabilities". A new element for O.P. to ponder on, that he is furnished with an extra supply of storms to punish his inquisitiveness! The news by telegraph this morning shows that the storm which is falling upon us in a succession of warm and gentle showers is fearful in the East. No such snow storm known for twenty years, in New York. Business men dwelling in the country cannot go home, etc. etc. The Navajoes are going away tomorrow. A little while ago, I was standing at the window, watching some boys riding up and down the street wild ponies at a run up and down the street. President Young's coupe' was in front of the house, and he and K stood at the top of the steps consulting about the weather. Just then Ah hilska, the Navajo leader appeared with Hamblin, coming to bid K. goodbye. Hamblin said something to him, evidently informing him who President Young ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B28_F5_I1_p011.jpg) was. The old man's wrinkled face lighted up with unfeigned delight, and he clasped Brigham Young's bulky form in his weird embrace. The latter wore his great mantle of green cloth with silver clasps, and had a not undignified presence, as he smilingly sub- mitted to the hug of the queer old dust-coloured figure. Friday. The boys heard of a curious cave in the mountain North of the town, and after some exploring they found it and took me up there this afternoon. We passed the last house on the Main Street, where it was still graded. A charmingly painted Pi-ede (vermillion face, picked out with black) who told us he was "Harriscowie," was at work there, chopping wood. We heard the strokes of his axe for a long time in the quiet air, as we went upward. We climbed some 400 feet to the foot of a commanding red rock, called the Sugar Loaf: lucus a non, because of its resemblance to a Loaf of Bread I suppose. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B28_F5_I1_p012.jpg) 8 Thence we had a fine view over the St George Valley; and the town looked very peaceful–and helpless–below us. Then my little cicerones led me out further behind the cliff. We lost sight of the town, and wound in and out through red rock walls of fine-grained sandstone full of round holes like great air bubbles, in which the children promised themselves the pleasure of house keeping, until they turned an angle and brought me into a large and lofty cave. Here we were trying the echoes very faithfully when we descried first one, and then four Indians making towards us furtively. Whether we were in danger or not, prudence counselled our making a prompt retreat which we did just in time to prevent their intercepting us. They moved toward us obliquely, rapidly until they saw that they were no longer between us and the Town, and then as Willie said "lifted their "blankets like geese going to fly," dropped over the rock and vanished. In the evening I asked the Bishop of one of the ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B28_F5_I1_p013.jpg) Wards if there was any excuse for our being scared, and he replied, "None at all: but it would be best on the whole not to go off quite so far by yourselves. Not that I think the Indians worse than whites; rather better: but would you let little well-dressed children stray of an evening on the outskirts of a town at home alone? Besides, the Indians have a temptation whites don't. They value white children so much! There's Mrs Artemisia's Snow's daughter who married Brother Thurston, lost a little girl of four years old that way. She was stolen in Weber Cañon by Shoshone's four years ago. "Have they never recovered her?" I asked. "No," he said, "sometimes they heard of Indians who had seen her. The father spent all he had trying to [-]et her, but they have given up and gone to Califor- nia, where Sister Thurstan won't be so wore out by aggravatin' reports that she was here or there." "I suppose so young a child would have forgotten her parents by this time!" I said. Well; yes it's four years ago now. She's forgotten them, if ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B28_F5_I1_p014.jpg) she's living, but most likely she got peevish and sickly at that age with the change from white ways. Then they'd get tired of her." The pause was as significant as if he had said plainly, "They'd kill her." Saturday Lettice S. (Lettice a form of Letitia. EK.) Monday. K. still with some dear Indians. I have passed my time in taking notes of the conversation of one of the most intelligent Mormon Interpreters. Like the rest of the worthies he has a standing apology for all Indians. He maintains that the conduct of the Apaches even is excusable. "In 1842" he said, "a man named Johnson came a- mong them with eighteen men. He said he had come from the East to make a treaty of peace with them. They were glad in their hearts, for they know'd the United States was superior to Mexico and they thought a great deal of him and showed him the best trapping on the Gila. He went to Mexico and came back with a small cannon. They thought he was bringing a chest of presents, and came up without fear. Really, he had agreed with the ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B28_F5_I1_p015.jpg) Mexican Government to get an ounce of gold for every Apache scalp. "It was in retaliation for Johnson's doings that they killed the Oatmans. As for Olive, they didn't keep her nor her sister, but left them with the Chenowants on the Mojave, and they are real good Indians. "Why!" I exclaimed, "my book here says they starved the sister outright, and nearly killed Olive." "Books don't always tell the truth," he returned. "It was hard times then with the Chenowants, but the family that took them did the best they could for them. Their adopted mother gave Olive fed them on corn and beans when the tribe had nothing but roots. The sister couldn't stand it, being weakly and if Olive had fared like the Chenowants she couldn't have stood it neither." [Written at top of page in pencil] men women and children all round. When he had them gathered together up a gulley, he fired in to them like that weight of meat. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B28_F5_I1_p016.jpg) Tuesday. We had a distinguished company to dinner today at our little round table. Hitherto we have eaten in the long dining-room with all our travelling company. We claimed the right to select one from among them to be our caterer and standing messmate-an old friend of my husband's, whom none of our invited guests will not be glad to meet; but there are several whom I shall miss, particularly my Welsh friend Mrs Jane. In the evening Mrs A. quoted a Mormon version of the old Nursery Rhyme, making it run "My mother's my mother all the days of my life, "But my father's my father, only till he gets a new wife." She has been baptised, she tells told me, several times, once for the ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B28_F5_I1_p017.jpg) remission of her sins, once for the restoration of her health, the rest for her dead female kindred. Among the Mormons children are baptised at about eight years of age. She was Speaking of her journey across the plains, and mentioned that near Laramie 800 Sioux warriors came up . Eight of them rode to the wagon at the back of which she chanced to be, and terrified her by pulling at a locket she wore, and at the ruffles on her dress. She dared not call for help, so long as they confined their admiration to this, lest she should make trouble for her people but was devoutly thankful when four of the mounted guard rode up, and warned the Sioux off. They went to her father and offered nine ponies for her, a compliment she said that she appreciated, as it was a very high price. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B28_F5_I1_p018.jpg) Wednesday. Our Chief of Staff, commenting on Mrs Amelia's adventure with the Sioux, this morning at breakfast, told us that among the Indians red haired women are greatly prized. He had warned the brethren, when coming across the plains, never to let the red-haired girls stray out of camp. He was then leaving the country of the Poncahs, and some of the young braves [-]ccompanied him to take leave of him and visit the Mormons. He had told them, in answer to questions, that the Mormon squaws were very high-spirited, and carried knives in their bosoms to resent obtrusive attentions Nor could they be purchased from their parents with out their own consent. The young Poncahs listened, but he could tell from their talk among themselves that they did not believe him, and his felt very uncomfortable as he drew near the camp with his dangerous visitors. Fortunately, he obtained an op- portunity to give warning, and When the young ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B28_F5_I1_p019.jpg) warriors entered the camp, they scattered among the tents and wagons, and seemed to pick out the ones where there were red-haired women at once. They asked for bread, and the Mormon girls, previously instructed, each drew from her bosom the sharp butcher knife belonging to her family, and cutting off a slice of bread with it, handed it to the nearest warrior. The young Indians muttered and laughed behind their hands, and retired discomfitted telling Staines that now they believed him and would sooner take a wolf than a Mormon girl. Saturday. We have made a rule that the the children shall begin their lessons with me before breakfast. The hours in this settlement are very [---]te scarcely a thread of smoke to be seen curling [--]ward in the pure air before eight o'clock. The little boys spring up at six, and light the fire them- [---]d before our nine o'clock breakfast, most of the lessons ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B28_F5_I1_p020.jpg) are over. There are so many visitors after breakfast, so many walks and drives to be taken, that I cannot be sure of laying my hands on my little quicksilver elves at any other hour of the day. Evan has taken a fancy to copy the painted faces of the Pi-edes, and they seem to think it a compliment; parading each new adornment before [-]ur windows. He has already more than a dozen hideous portraits to send home to E. Some are painted yellow and look like images of gilded bronze, some are Done in red, and blue; and others exhibit a memory of red vermilion, and others' are faces have a groundwork of one of these colours, dotted, barred, or streaked with black. The most frightful looking one I have seen yet, had [---] K[---] plumbayo, an his eyes seem to look out from behind prison bars. yellow tinted face plaided with black. They wea'r wear their coarse hair falling loosely on their shoulders or braided in numberless little pigtails. None of them have the shaven head and floating scalp-look of the aristocratic aquiline nosed Indians of romance. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B28_F5_I1_p021.jpg) We drove this morning to see the view from the black looking "mesa" or "bench" opposite our windows. K., the boys and I, were in Pres: Young's coupe'; he and his brother Lorenzo rode in a buggy, and the rest of the corte'ge in their queer "carriages" which are really light well-sprung carts, with white canvas curtains. The road is cut along the face of the red bluff, and though narrow is exceedingly well made. On one side it is walled up with strong masonry to the level of its bed. Still I felt very ner- -vous as we gradually rose higher and higher, because the precipice below was so very steep. As we mounted we came through a Higher up the hill is covered with loose volcanic rocks, and a vertical ledge of them keeps up the table-land like a sunk-fence Some loose rocks had been loosened by the late rain and rolling down the mountain had rested on the road bed. We had to drive exceedingly close to the brink ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B28_F5_I1_p022.jpg) <[---] s[---]> by an effect which I have not seen read of–if it has been noticed, before. When the little human ants succeded in rolling one of the great masses to the stage–where it paused a moment before it fell crushing ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B28_F5_I1_p023.jpg) to avoid them. On our return, B.Y. ordered some of the "extra brethren" who were with us to go down on foot and roll them off before the carriages began the descent. The boys begged me to let them go, too, and I amiably volunteered to accompany them. Even on foot I felt giddy in looking over the edge. As we stood by watching the "brethren" at work, I was struck by [-]y the apparent helplessness of the little human ants . As [---] rolled the hard masses to the edge, where they poised moment before crashing on the rocks beneath, the little [--]lpy creatures whose intense efforts ceased so abruptly seemed [--]ly restrained by a miracle from <[--] [---] death with next oppos[--] going down with their [---] opponents> falling bruised beneath [---]em it. The view from the top of the bench paid me for ascending . Ranges of mountains that had [-]een entirely hidden from us down in St George by the [---]d cliffs that wall in the valley, rose before us, tier on tier! Behind the "Sugar Loaf" bluffs we saw the Pine ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B28_F5_I1_p024.jpg) Valley Mountains. robed in new-fallen dazzling snow. But its awful purity was partly overshadowed by a great snow-cloud that rested on the summits of that mountain group alone. Its shadows darkened the slopes, while the bright mountain peaks here and there pierced through its soft masses, and rose into the sunny atmosphere above, as if they would [---]ain float off and become clouds themselves. On the other hand a more distant range of moun- tain brilliantly stratified coloured red and white, orange and gray looked like a sunset cloud lit on the earth. It, too, was tipped with pure white snow, but the sunshine blazed upon it us making its distant crest the more brightly burnished of the two. The Mormons called it "Kolob" in allusion to some celestial mountain referred in the Book of Mormon; but as the United States Survey has been here recently it is probably re-christened by the mundane title of some Representative or Senator, whose vote ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B28_F5_I1_p025.jpg) (b) [---] &c. North Landscape polarized. Another sent to the Black Mesa Here Topography of St George ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B28_F5_I1_p026.jpg) next year may be hoped for to increase the Survey Appropriation. His namesake The honour of having such a namesake as Kolob will be to transmit his yank name to futurity ought certainly to be worth a vote! There were other ranges softened into bluish haze by distance, and others whose less distant reds ad <[-]d lent a> a violet hue. Nothing could well be more be- wildering; to say that all the colours of the rainbow were represented would be less than the truth, for besides these we had the white snow, and the scarred blackness of the volcanic rocks close to us. The air was so pure and the joyous sunshine [--] exhilarating, that it required all the benumbing [-]fluence of the chilling wind to keep my spirits in check. We drove along the "bench" from one point to another, the Mormons conferring about something while we were sufficiently absorbed in the landscape. When we are Down in St ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B28_F5_I1_p027.jpg) about 1400 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B28_F5_I1_p028.jpg) George, we see no river unless the light about sunset streams from under clouds. Then we see a distant gleam of the Virgen before [-]he disappears through the gap. But From the mesa I noticed that the hill on which we [-]tood intervened between the valley of the Clara [-]nd the little plain of St George, while another low hill divides it on the other side from the Virgen. Both streams sweep round these hills [-]nd meet at the end of our little plain. We drove [-]ound the point of the one mesa on which we stood, [-]o look up the valley of the Clara, past an aban- doned settlement called Heberville, where they raised [-]otton during the War, On the further side of [-]he Clara Valley K. pointed out to me the marks [--] the old California trail by which he came [-]cross and felt himself safe on reaching the Vegas [---] Sta Clara. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B28_F5_I1_p029.jpg) Thursday Thursday At lunch time this morning while we (ate our) bread and honey, B.Y. dropped in. He had been up till 12 the night before, orga nising a "Co-op" herd at Bishop Windsor's. They will turn in all the Church herd here. He offered to accompany me to see a sick woman, whom I have visited here several times, but I had promised to walk with our friend the "Silent Woman", so he went away with "Brother Lorenzo" and Mr. Staines. They are choosing a site for their temple here <(at St George)> The immense hundred thousand dollar concern they are finishing here <(now)> is not a temple, as I igno- rantly called it, but a tabernacle, and is to be used only for meetings and Sunday School. They baptise only in the Temples. They have already laid the foundations of a temple about a mile from here, but the rains have undermined them. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B28_F5_I1_p030.jpg) Their Our visit to the <"Black> "Bench" yesterday was to examine its capabilities as a site, but the want of water decided against it. I believe they have decided upon building at the head of this
street, where there is a sort of terrace below the Sugar Loaf Bluff. They call it Mt. Hope; but The place would be more aptly called Mount Despair. K's friends the Piedes have peculiar Domestic Institutions. They never divorce their squaws , for the simple reason that they have no marriage ceremony what ever, keeping a squaw only while it suits them to do so, and then giving her away. When a young girl among them reaches womanhood, those who want her fight for her. Mount Hope was the scene of such a fight three years ago. Horrible! Two Piedes sought the same young squaw. All their friends and relatives assembled and there was a general mêleé. There were ten to twelve strong men on each side, each clinging ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B28_F5_I1_p031.jpg) to the man in front of him, the last grasping a limb or other part of the person of the unfortunate. She was so cruelly torn and maimed that they finally left her for dead on the ground. After dark, the Mormons removed her, and she lived to be sent to a distant settlement, where she languished some time before dying. Poor young Pi-ede girls oc- -casionally escape from their tribes, when they know that the time for their "courtship" is approaching, and hide among the Mormons. I asked the Mormon sister who told me this why they did not always do so, and she returned the singular answer that the Creator had implanted ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B28_F5_I1_p032.jpg) ineradicably in the breast of Woman the conviction of the truth declared in the Bible that She was made for Man, to be his subject to him; and also that Custom had made some of the consequences of that truth less revolting to her than they would appear to those who had other customs. Even the Saints' custom of Polygamy appeared revolting to me, she understood. ¶ Besides, she said, if a young squaw did run, every one's hand would be against her , and she would certainly be killed or tortured if she failed to reach a Mormon village unseen. "Partout c'est un triste metier: celle de femme." The Silent Woman and I went to [-]e a lovely-looking woman today, whom I had <[-]arning to know very well almost intimately> met before. Referring to a former conversation last week she said she had been wishing to see me, fearing that I might have misunderstood her remarks. She had said, laughingly: "Oh Mrs K. don't you ever [-]onsent to give your husband another wife! It's a perfect ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B28_F5_I1_p033.jpg) pleasure to see one woman as happy as you are." Now, she wished me to understand that she had not been envious: that she was perfectly satisfied with her condition as a plural wife, and thought her husband the best man on the whole earth. She admitted that if she had married the young man whom she had once loved, in the 'States' she had been henceforward his one darling wife, that her earthly felicity might have been greater. But he was poor; they were very young; and when she joined the Saints he parted from her. And had turned out badly; so that she might have been very wretched. I was malicious enough to suggest that perhaps if she had been married to him, he would not have turned out badly. She flushed so painfully that [-] was sorry for my thoughtless speech, and hastened ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B28_F5_I1_p034.jpg) to turn the conversation by asking whether she thought no unmarried woman or single wife would be "saved." "Oh yes," she answered, "but she would not receive the highest elevation in the next world." I answered merrily that "if I could obtain the very lowest place in Heaven," could gain admission there at all ; then I would be more than content, and would not wish to gain a higher place by losing my sole possession of a husband here." She laughed merrily, and we parted good friends . But I think more than one Mormon woman sees that in polygamy, such an intimate friendship, such communion of mind and heart as is possible between a man and his one wife is out of the question in polygamy. My happiness is a stronger missionary sermon than anything I could say by word of mouth. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B28_F5_I1_p035.jpg) Coming home, we paused at Mrs Young's gate, as she had seen us from the path house and came down to the path to speak to us. A dirty old Indian came up at the same time. Behind him trudged his patient squaw, clad in a mantle of tags of rabbit skins, and bending under a load of old pots and pans, fragments of bread and meat and tattered blankets, heaped pell mell in a large <[---]dy [-]oom row> circular basket. While little Mabel ran for some bread for the woman, the Indian asked me if I was "Brigham Squaw?" Mrs Lucy said, pointing to herself that she was "Bigham Squaw," and that I was a "Washington Squaw." He nodded his head, and pointing to his squaw, and to us three women bade me give "Grant" his testimony, "Harelip's" testimony, that "Weino Polygamy", Good is Polygamy'. He evidently thought that he was making a speech which would be agreeable to Mormon ears. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B28_F5_I1_p036.jpg) I wish our Theologians etc Friday At sunset we heard the cowherd's long tin horn, and went out to see the Town troop of cows come home. The great drove halted in the central square, and then each cow walked slowly toward her owner's home. The people were throwing open the doors of sheds, and gates of little paddocks in which the milky mothers were to spend the night; while the cowherds, two lads of twelve or thirteen watched awhile to see that no truant strayed from her appointed road. It was a pretty scene to contemplate, pastoral and peaceful; but these Mormon herd boys need to be something more than our timid village lads, They are often killed by Indians, being but feeble defenders of the cattle, and must be always on the alert for hidden enemies. I believe it was only two years ago that the herd boys of this settlement were attacked, and one of them killed, by the Pi-edes. Even the heroic son of Jesse would not have relished this addition to his perils with the lion and the bear! ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B28_F5_I1_p037.jpg) who dislike the noble savage so heartily, amount In the evening my husband brought in D.C.–a brave man who was for a long time a missionary among the Moquis Indians in whom even I must admit that I cannot help taking a great interest. They are a strange race of half civilised Indians living across the Colorado in Arizona, and like the Zunis of New Mexico dwelling in walled towns. I have read many of the facts C. told me before, but some were new. He says that the Moquis differ from all other Indians he has known, in the earnestness of their belief that the spirits of their forefathers hover round them, and that some day they will be able to talk with them. They bury their dead in an upright position; while the Pi-edes either drag them near where there is wood and burn them, or else desert the encampment where they have died. The Moquis are a very religious people. At stated seasons they unite in dancing before sacred pictures. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B28_F5_I1_p038.jpg) "These are done in colours on letter paper like children's toy "drawings. They have an artist whose business it is to draw "them. We took them some colours and paper, and Brother Hatch persuaded the artist to draw some for him, but these people found it out the day after we left, and sent after us, and would have them back. They said their forefathers had made them promise that they would never let their Cochinos out of their villages, still less let them cross the Colorado." I inquired what the Cochinos resembled. "They are rude representations of such things as a mule with a pack, a man driving him, a goat, flames of fire, or a waterfall. You can generally make out what they mean, but no more. There are similar drawings on the rocks Innocent Moquis, proud of the Spanish titles they bear, and igno- rant of their meaning! What long-forgotten Spanish wag when bestowing upon them the name of "Moquis" (Snivellers) told them that their sacred pictures were "Cochinos" (Dirty, filthy)? May 15 K. [---]ns The Spanish missionaries who he says [---] it a [---] [--] [---] of all [---] [---]. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B28_F5_I1_p039.jpg) near here". I asked whether the dancing was a religious cere- -mony. "Yes," he replied. "They dance to implore God's favor: for rain for instance. They dance the new moon in, and run the old moon out, making a circuit of forty miles to do this. They trot the circle for three days; as one man gives out, another begins. But, for that matter, trotting comes easier to them than walking. They will trot even with a load of firewood; indeed they are swift enough of foot to tire a Navajo's horse down, and reclaim what- ever he has stolen. The Navajoes often steal their sheep which are kept too far from their villages, but they are not the least afraid of the Navajoes getting into their villages." I remarked that I had been told that the Mo- -quis were an timid race; but he repelled the insinuation quite indignantly. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B28_F5_I1_p040.jpg) "They are like rats," he said. "They don't want to fight, but when they must they fight well. They are not a particle cowardly." "I lived longest at the Oraybe village. They have seven or eight large peach orchards there, with several thousand trees. These are so planted that if the crop fails in one situation they won't miss it in another. I brought home two slips from which I have just raised trees.(*) One bears a large yellow peach; the other a flesh coloured one. Both are good, in fact remarkably high-flavored. The Moquis' dried peaches are better than ours; they have some way of retaining the lusciousness of the flesh inside the pieces . Then they have a pepper garden of Note May 7, 1873 (*)Evan brought home slips of these trees for Mr. Redmond and his Uncle John, but we remained in Utah so long that they died before he unpacked them. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B28_F5_I1_p041.jpg) "Their gardens are really very pretty, in spots, when the flowers are in bloom; and both men and women seem to take an interest in them. They are terraced so that they can turn the water on from one level to another. The water is in hewn stone reservoirs at the the highest levels, and their pipes or channels are cut through the rock. The Oray- -be gardens are on a very hard granite soil, and all the earth for the beds must have been "packed"(i.e carried) in on the men's shoulders. They have no teams and no vehicles, now at least; though their tradition is that their forefathers had a sort of bullock cart, with solid wooden wheels. "All this is high up in the sky, as you might say; on top of the great painted cliffs upon the summit of high mountains. It is too cold there to raise everything they want, and so they have places at the foot below their towns, where they plant a few things. On their side the Colorado, not a great way from Kanab they ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B28_F5_I1_p042.jpg) have several acres for a hot pepper patch. The first people we came across of their nation were camped there, watering it during a dry time." "Are their peppers like ours?" Willie asked. "Like ourselves, they have two kinds," he an- -swered, "small red ones the size of a cherry or plum, and large ones, three to five inches in size. They hang them in strings from floor to ceiling of their rooms, and eat them with everything. They make a soup like what the Mexicans call "calora", mostly made up of peppers and water thickened with corn-meal (like gruel). ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B28_F5_I1_p043.jpg) They raise beans <& other> vegetables, grapes and flowers, some of them quite like ours. They have sheep some white and some black, but they never kill a black sheep. The wool of their black sheep is coarser than ours, but has a good long pile; longer than ours I think." with a pretty [---] which he has two under the window and [---] the boys accept as a present from him.> Evan whispered a request to me to ask if a story we had heard was true. He laughed, and said "Yes. The first day we came , we had made up our minds to eat their victuals if they asked us, because they would feel better in- clined to us if we did so. But we carried some crackers and dried fruit in our knapsacks in case they shouldn't be friendly. But They made us eat with them,and gave us a very good, though dreadfully peppery soup, with nice white corn dumplings floating in it and we ate real heartily. Next day we sat in one of ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B28_F5_I1_p044.jpg) their rooms where we could see all that was going on where the cooking was done. Two women sat beside a dish of their best white corn: they use purple for common. They chewed it in their mouths quite a while, and then put it out in a ball on the dish. When they had done this to all the corn, they began over again until the balls were quite gluey, and then they put them in the soup pot. This was the way they made the dumplings we liked so much the day before! "Were you able to eat them at dinner after seeing the process?" B inquired "I was," he replied <–"moderately"> "though I choked some, but poor Brother Pettit–it made him real sick. "Next day, we were sent for to visit the Queen, and when we went down the ladder to her room she was as pleasant as could be. Presently she signified we were to eat with her. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B28_F5_I1_p045.jpg) and went to the fire, where she put on a pot of water to heat. While it was warming, she began to unbraid her hair, which she wore in two long tails, and first she dipped one side of it in the pot of water, and then she began to braid it up again, sleeking it as she went on by dipping her hands in the water. Then she did the same with the hair on the other side; and then, when the water boiled, she began sprinkling the meal for our mush into it! 'Pettit' says I <'If you can't; neither can I–this thing. Let's wing!'> That's too much for me. Let's bolt!" And we put right up the ladder, though he called after us. We pretended we couldn't under- stand ." C.'s description enable us to understand how their queer houses or castles as he called them are adapted to their requirements. wants He explained what he meant about going up [-]nd down the ladder, by saying that their houses are [-]uilt larger below than above. These are no side en- trances, nor windows, but you ascend each story by a ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B28_F5_I1_p046.jpg) ladder leading to the platform, from which the next story rises, and having a square hole in it, by which you descend into the apartment below. light comes in through the same hole. It is in these largest apartments down below that their workrooms are. The men work there while the women do household work, more like the whites than Indian women. The men spin, and weave blankets, some as handsome as the prettiest Navajo ones, and they turn buckskins buckskins beautifully white. In the village [-]here Cannon spent most of his time there seemed to be four wards, with a workshop to each, and the families took turns in furnishing workmen, twenty five or thirty working at a time. Their families sent them provisions and they ate where they were. On their sacred days their work was all [--]t aside, and they danced before the "cochinos" in these ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B28_F5_I1_p047.jpg) C. asking one of the [---] for [---] he [---]d; that if he did not, he wd. fed [---] and not sleep of [---]. work-rooms. He says – in spite of chewed dumplings and hair soup!–that they are very neat and clean people. Their floors are made of cane, fastened if they were about to thatch : then covered with sort of plasters that hardens somewhat, but bends under the feet without cracking.<2> | Their moccasins don't mark it, but heeled boots do, and they seemed very uneasy until the Mormon missionaries changed theirs for moccasins. || They sweep it regularly, [--]d it is as smooth as marble.| They keep their grain in a room, and it so neatly stored that it never rolls down. They [--]ild up a sort of bin along one end of the room of of corn in the cob, and fill in the space behind with [--]ns. If any happen to a few kernels should [-]appen to roll down the children run at once to [-]ick them up and put them away. The houses are generally four stories high, ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B28_F5_I1_p048.jpg) [-]nd as they draw up their ladders at night they feel perfectly safe. The ceilings of the lowest story [-]re supported by hewn beams of red pine about [--]ghteen inches through. The Moquis do not know how they came there. There are more houses than their decaying race need, and they do not build new ones, nor could they build such as these. The large beams were probably brought by their forefathers from the San Francisco Mountain, as ere is no such timber near the Oraybe villages. Their ladders are made of Spruce , and have auger holes bored for the rungs. They look very old: but the people run up and down them like monkeys without bearing much weight upon them. There are several of their towns, but they do ot seem to have much intercourse between them, [--]d either affect or really do, fail to understand [--]ch other's dialect. Cannon was at four of their villages, but he could not understand whether [-]he woman whom he called the Queen had power ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B28_F5_I1_p049.jpg) over any but her own townspeople. He says that as far as he could make it out, the power decended [---]n the female line, and that the real Queen saving died without leaving a daughter, her nearest female relation had succeeded to the privileges [-]nd duties of the post. She was a married woman, the wife of one Tuby I asked whether a he had heard that [--]me people supposed the Moquis to be a rem- nant of the descendants of Prince Madoc's Welsh [-]olony. He said, that they had taken a Welsh- man, Brother Llewellyn Harris, on purpose to [---] whether he could understand them, but he [--]iled to find more than one or two words that [--]re identical. "Peek" for instance, means a kind [--] flat bread cook baked on a stone in front of the [--]re, in both languages. We walked to the great Taber- nacle to Meeting, after lunch. It is unfinished still, ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B28_F5_I1_p050.jpg) and as they are plastering the basement, the Meeting was held in the immense empty church above, The great size of the dark red stone courses of the wall struck me in comparison with the slenderness and [-]oor quality of the timbers. K. said that I would [-]ot think so poorly of it if I had not been spoiled [-]y the forest limb timber I see in our own lumber [-]ards in the Allegheny Mountain. A rough platform had been erected for the speakers, [-]lders, and honoured guests, and a little stove was [-]lowing beside my chair, so that I was unpleasantly [-]arm, but I noticed that there was a strong [--]aught, and that several people on the platform [--]ttoned their great-coats, and one tied a spotted [-]andkerchief over his head. S— came in very late, threw his handkerchief over his head, d went to sleep immediately. In Meditation? Not der of it! He snored peacefully until the time ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B28_F5_I1_p051.jpg) when we were all beginning to fidget a little, preparatory to dismission, when he rose, took off handkerchief and great coat, and began [-]n address that lasted nearly an hour. It was extempore apparently, but was a well reasoned [-]octrinal sermon, as dry and quite as orthodox any that I have heard at home. The enormous audience sat it out with great [-]atience, but as we slowly made our way out <[--]> heard more than one subdued murmur among [--]e women that they did wish Brother S. would [--]member how many miles some of them had [--] go before cooking supper. getting supper ready. The central square and the Tithing [--]rd were filled with wagons when we emerged, [--]d nothing could be more decent than the [--]pearance of the farmer folk, men, women and [--]ildren, as they took their seats, and exchanged ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B28_F5_I1_p052.jpg) [-]ordial greetings as the dispersed. Some were [-]rom the Clara settlement, some from Tocquer, [-]thers from Washington Factory and Harrisburg. [-]he sweet singing <[---] of the members of the> choir was led by some one [-]rom Ho Washington, a grayhaired man who [-]eld a lovely little two-years old child on his [--]p. I noticed that when the Communion [-]read was handed round, it took a piece un- [-]hecked by the officiating elder, and ate it soberly. The sunset was so beautiful, that K. [--]d I promised to take the children a walk, [-]ut B.Y. asked him to accompany him home, [--]d I preferred going with the children myself, I don't like visiting on Sunday. We had a [-]leasant stroll, and I told them Bible Stories till [---] growing dampness warned us home. We found [-]o of the "sisters" waiting to see me After dinner, which we had to wait for ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B28_F5_I1_p053.jpg) After dinner two Mormon Sisters called on me with whom I am growing familiar as officers of the St George Branch of what the Mormons call their Relief or Female Relief Society. It is an institution of growing importance, for even in Mormon Land women are found to give their confidence more freely to each other . Part of their duty appears to be to pick up the dropped stitches of the Bishops: Their conceded province is, to be responsible for the welfare of every woman and child within certain bounds or districts which are assigned to particular members of the Society. They are not bound to give relief if they have it not to afford or spare, but as it was explained to me, to know accurately how things are with all: that they may not answer their Heavenly Father's question "Am I my Sister's keeper?" I make it a point to treat all the members of the Society who call up to consult with me upon Medical subjects with marked respect, and from their conversation and the introductions which they give me to households , where there is sickness and affliction I am satisfied that I am learning a great deal. Monday. After the lessons were over this morning the children returned from play with a message from ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B28_F5_I1_p054.jpg) Scraps. Save all. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B28_F5_I1_p055.jpg) message from K. that he wanted me. I threw a nube over my head, and followed them to vacant spot of ground, between the "Co-op" Store [--]d Mount Hope, where K. was waiting for me on [---] outskirts of a little crowd. He wanted me [--] see an "arbitration", and way was silently made [--]r me in the ring of Mormons and Indians. "Captain Jack"–(the second Captain Jack I have [---]n)–who is chief of this band of Pi-edes, was [-]leading the cause of "Muddy Jack", who laid claim [--] a certain colt; claimed also by an ill-looking ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B28_F5_I1_p056.jpg) Mormon lad. The arbitrators were selected by the [-]ndians, and were two whites, Messrs Cannon and Mc.Far- land, one a Manxman, the other a Highlander. (I saw him leading the choir at Meeting on Sunday ) The arbitrators were standing, but the two [--]terpreters, and Captain Jack, Muddy Jack and a third [--]dian, squatted on the ground. While the arbi- [--]ators asked questions, and the Mormon defendant [--]swered them, the Indians seemed to listen with their [-]yes, so intently did they follow every motion of the <[--]ker's> lips and gesture of the hand. Captain Jack [-]rgued very well, although he seemed incapable [-]f understanding what evidence must be offered in [-]roof of what he asserted. He stood upon his [-]haracter; saying that he was known to tell the [--]uth straight: why did they not then believe him? Why also did Alick the Mormon walk among the crowd, instead of looking him in the eye? ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B28_F5_I1_p057.jpg) A sentence he so often repeated that I caught it and made Mr. Cannon translate it for me verbatim was [-]as "Mormone pah-ee-quay; Piede katz pah- [-]e-quay", that is "Mormon slips off. Piede does not slip off." "Alick" in the meantime, was buttonholing members of the crowd, and returning [-]bjurgations for answers to the circumstantial narra- tive of Captain Jack. The decision given was that Jack must [--]troduce <"Monkey,"> an Indian from the Muddy whose brand [-]hey claimed was on the pony. In the meantime [--] was to be on the "Co-op" ranch and neither party was to have it. The Indians seemed con- tented with the arrangement, but "Alick" growled an Irish American would with us where a quar- [--]l had been settled in favour of a "nigger" opponent. As we dispersed, the miserable pony in dis- pute, which had been led up and down during ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B28_F5_I1_p058.jpg) [-]he hearing, was ridden off barebacked by a boy [--]wards the hills. I asked Mr. Cannon why they [--]dn't keep it safe in the stables of the village, but he said that no Indian would touch it on the [-]anch until the case was decided. The sentiment of the crowd was strongly [--] favour of the Indians, and Mr. Cannon said that [-]lick ought to be ashamed of himself to persist, and [--] make it necessary for the Indians to go all the [-]ay to the Muddy for Monkey. The "bronco" [-]asn't worth $5. to him, though the Indians [-]ould prize it highly, being used to such wretched [-]rubs". I can well believe this, when I see [--]e bony creatures they ride at full speed, kicking [--]em with long Spanish spurs as they go. K. says it is the first time he ever saw [--] Indian treated fairly in a Court of Law In the afternoon drove to see the river ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B28_F5_I1_p059.jpg) [--] lava on the Clara. From the heights we [--]uld trace it for miles, lying on the sand like [-] great petrified black snake. When we crossed it, we had to [-]o up some twenty feet. I had heard so much [--] this lava river that I was much disappointed. [-] fancied I should find some beautiful pieces of [--]vender colour<3>, buff<2>, and yellow, stone to such as our [--]va bracelets from Vesuvius are made of. Here was [-]y a chaotic mass of great shining black stones [--]st as the torrent had cracked in cooling. The [-]ormons said it had probably filled the bed of some [--]ver, and then risen above the banks without over- [--]owing, as it coole grew sluggish. We went on up the Clara to see the [--]sent settlement . The valley gave us quite a dif- ferent scene from St George. The river banks are [--]t down by the flood some twenty feet below the ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B28_F5_I1_p060.jpg) [l]evel on [-] on which Hamblin built his fort and [--]ore. Where these had stood the stream now flooded , having taken a turn at that point, and [-]ndermined the bank, so that they were washed [-]way. There were two fine springs laid bare by [-]his washing away, which to our eyes perceptibly [-]ncreased the volume of the stream. It is a mere [-]rook now, in the dry sea though when the snows melt from the mountains it becomes a dangerous [--]rrent. ¶ Across the Clara the fields of the old [--]ttlement lie abandoned, being cut up by so [-]any deep "bayous", dry crooked ditches now, as [--]t to repay cultivation. On this side, we had climbed a steep side hill overhanging the river, and [--]n we came upon a peaceful looking settlement [-]ne house of stone, was perched high up on an [--]lated hill, and had rude stone terraces on which [-] vineyard was planted. The ground floor seemed ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B28_F5_I1_p061.jpg) [--] be tenanted by cattle, who gazed at us from [-]he doorway as if they owned the place. A woman [-]ame out on the bal gallery that ran round [--]e house second story, and greeted us, as she put [--]r milk pans out to sun. Below this house [--]retched vineyards, fields where the sorghum [--]ubble stood, and cotton fields where the children [--]gerly picked some bolls that had been forgotten. [-]he lanes between the fields were overhung with [--]ttonwood trees, whose tender gray-green hues har- [-]onised with the soft misty sunshine. The [--]llage lay on either side of a broad brown road, [--] water gurgling briskly on in the "ceqs" <(acequias)>, and [--]h little house buried in foliage. The smithy [--] front of which we stopped to water our horses [--]d under the shade of very large trees. [--]together, the place had such a European look that [-] [-]as not surprised to learn that the inhabitants are ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B28_F5_I1_p062.jpg) Swiss. They were so poor ten years ago, that their [-]assage out was paid by the Perpetual Emigration Fund. Now, each has his little adobe house and share in their Co-operative fields and herd, and they have long ago repaid their passage money. [--]sday 7th. After lessons this morning the boys [--]d I went to see "Sister Liston," who has a [--]all cottage and a large paddock fronting on the Plaza. A wide trellised arbor, covered with [--]rer leads from the house to the house, and children seated themselves to wait for me on the [---]tes, where they amused themselves in counting bunches of grapes that still hung down half <[---] toasted most like> [---]red to raisins, and speculating on the amount of [---] left in the pinks and sweet williams which frost has killed thoroughly and are not dead, but [--]ely shabby looking in this perpetual Indian [--]mmer weather. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B28_F5_I1_p063.jpg) *cancer cure? Sister Liston has a pretty large tumor on just below her knee, and I go quite often to sit with [-]er in her enforced stillness, poor thing. This morning I found her drinking wine, my prescription, and a tremeds remarkably strong smell of winter-green told that she had been [--]ithfully applying Prest. Young's oil of winter- green, and taking internally a syrup of "sassafras, [-]inter-green sassaparilla and kinni-kinnick, etc,"* [--]th which the Mormons say he "always cures cancer." [--]e tumour really looks a little smaller than it [---] the first time I saw it, or else my fancy, chiming with the poor woman's hopes, makes it seem so. She is very patient, and likes to talk of [---]ings outside the narrow valley of St George. [--] her table lie no novels, but there are several [--]oks of travels and essays, as well as Mormon theological [---]ks, all well read apparently. There are good stereoscop[--] ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B28_F5_I1_p064.jpg) [--]ws too, and on the wall hangs a map in [--]n and ink, and coloured by hand, of the neigh- [-]orhood of Macao. the work of a missionary relative the work of a missionary relative. She confesses that she sometimes tires [--] St George, since she has had to give up work, [--]d envies me, as she sits knitting by her window [--]d sees me rambling on the hills with K. or the [---]s. But she is very earnest in her declarations [-]hat she never repents having left her New England [--]me and kindred in "the States" for the faith. [--] we do not touch on polygamy. I find nothing [--]at I cannot sympathise with in her religious [--]lk, and her resignation to the Divine Will, if she not to recover. She said [with a half-laugh,] [--]ay, that her faith was generally strong enough [--] lay hold on the hope of recovery through the [--]medies given, and the ministering of the brethren; [-]ut that when the occasional darting stabs shot ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B28_F5_I1_p065.jpg) [-]hrough the tumor, hope, and patience, and faith [-]ilted–right down." Scripture here The children feel quite homesick [--]day, because they saw yesterday evening, in the [--]her end of the long dining room, Mrs Elizabeth's [-]amily all assembled round the lamp; one reading [-]loud while the others sewed, and the one with [-]thalmia leaning back in the rocking chair, lis- [-]ening, as she rocked the baby to sleep. hear the murmur of their voices, often, from my [--]om. They seem a fond and united family, [--]d the absence of the father does not make itself [--]arked. Paid a number of visits with a member of the Relief Society today. A curious difference between the Mormon women [--]d those of an Eastern seraghio appears in their in- pendence. So many of them seem to be intrusted [--]th the management, not only of their families, but of [---]ir households and even outside business affairs, just ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B28_F5_I1_p066.jpg) as if they were widows; either because they have houses where their husbands only visit them, instead [-]f living day in and day out; or because the husbands [-]re off on Missions, and leave the guidance of their [-]usiness affairs to them. We drove this afternoon to see the place where the springs come out that feed the town. It is behind the hill on which is the bluff with the cave [--] it, the red bluffs where the cave is, and in a little [-]heltered glen. At the upper end of the glen, after [--]veral turnings and windings, we found ourselves [--] a quarry of the fine grained red sandstone of which [---] tabernacle is built. The springs burst out beneath the ground in miniature cañon and fall into a deep cleft some [--]enty feet. The banks of this miniature cañon are [--]en with beautiful mosses where the water splashes them. It tastes far less of "mineral" as they ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B28_F5_I1_p067.jpg) [--]ll the saleratus, than it does after it has flowed [--]wn to the town; but the springs do not rise here. [--]e Mormons say they flow underground from the Pine Valley Mountains, and the children have been one of the air holes in the bluffs, whence a chill flows out; or else there is an indraught, and if [-]ou put down your ear you can hear the water gurgling below. B.Y's striking the Rock. numbers XXI 16.17.18 What a queer unnatural country this seems! [-] asked the Mormons why they don't plant forest [--]es in this sheltered glen, and make it a little [-]ark for the town as well as a co-operative timber [---]rest. The mount bluffs wall it in so completely [---]t very little further work would be needed to make complete enclosure. What a delicious refuge it [--]uld be in the baking heats of summer! They [---] me that the reflection from the shining black [---]es on the bluff becomes almost intolerable in the ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B28_F5_I1_p068.jpg) summer afternoon. We were invited to a Funeral. I could not think it right to be present at the sad ceremonial for curiosity's sake. The attendance must have been large, judging from the crowd of persons we met return- -ing from the grave. The Mormons cannot be said to be neglectful of their cemeteries; they rather discourage too much attention being paid to their ornamentation. The grave yard here is decently inclosed, but not decora- -ted. One of the Elders who walked back with my husband says he had it especially imparted to him how little the mortal remains of Man merited care or sacrifice. Like so many other Mormons he was sent, while sickly on a mission by himself to one of the tribes of the Upper Missouri. He fell danger- -ously ill. "I had chosen", he said ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B28_F5_I1_p069.jpg) "I had chosen a praying-place in a little [--]icket of wild plums near the camp. No one seemed [--] go there, though the deer had tramped a way through. [-]ot some brush, and made a broom of it, and cleaned space there for my temple. When my illness [--]me I thought I would like that to be my [--]pulchre. I had such a horror of death, I never [--]lt so at any time. I kept thinking how the [--]yotes would tear my body, and drag my bones about. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B28_F5_I1_p070.jpg) I had a custom of going to my praying place three times a day; in the morning, at noon, and [-]ust as the sun was sinking, and I used to pray [-]here as I never prayed before or since. As I grew [-]eaker, one day I thought, one day, I'll not be here [--]morrow, and I prayed that my sister in England might have a dream to inform her of the circum- stances of my death, and that the brethren might be warned to get my body. And then I prayed, that a few sods might be heaped over me and [-]hat they might freeze into a solid slab that would [-]ot the wolves couldn't break till spring. As I crawled back to camp, a sudden thought came into my mind that seemed like an [-]nswer to my prayers: why not make a bar- -gain with the chief to quarter my body and "pack" it to my friends in return for my rifle and clothes? I thought I could depend upon ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B28_F5_I1_p071.jpg) him to keep his bargain if he made it. After I rested I sat down to make my last [--]tries in my journal with a raven quill I had picked up at the wayside. I was deeply moved in wri- ting farewells to my friends, when I heard on sudden a voice in my soul, saying, "Thy prayer is granted; thou art spared to do the good thou hast craved; thou shalt join thy fam- ily and friends." And I began to mend from that hour." I asked him how he knew which was the true [---]wer to prayer, and he said that he knew this one [--] be because it was an answer of Life and not of Death. When he recovered health he had seen [-]ow foolish his anxiety about his poor miserable body [--]d been. God had answered the only sensible part of [-]is prayer. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B28_F5_I1_p072.jpg) Jan 8, 1873 [--]n. 8./73 A heavenly day. K. drove to Wash- [--]gton Factory but I walked with the children [--] see the abandoned site of the Temple. The [--]cavation is still trenches of the excavation have [-]ut eighteen inches depth of alkaline water in them, [--]d it is intensely strong . The draining and face washing of the gardens in the upper part [--] St George have caused the alkali to concentrate [--]wn at this end, and several garden lots have [---]n abandoned in consequence. The Mormons [--]y that with more thorough under-draining these [--]uld be the richest gardens of all, but the poor [---]thren who own them cannot afford it at pres- -ent. The alkali on the road we came, and [-]ver the plain as we crossed it on the way to the [---]ern temple site was like a two inch fall of snow. [--] comes out this way after a damp day. I could not understand why it should <[-] [---]ld not understand why the "Mineral" as they most commonly call it should> ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B28_F5_I1_p073.jpg) make it necessary to build the temple elsewhere, as it seemed that there was fall enough from the [---]te to let the water be carried off by ditches. But on my saying so I was shown how the [-]lkali in the soil was eating into the red [--]ndstone foundations of all the walls. For about [---] inches above the level of the ground they [---] fast being resolved into earth again, and the [-]oor people here have the pleasant prospect of [--]cking out the basement of their houses stone by stone; [--]d replacing them with black basalt, or seeing [---] edifices subside again into the desert from which [--]ey rose. The Tabernacle, although still un- [---]ished, is beginning to suffer from this gnawing [--]ocess. and they are about to How discouraging [---] must be! The brethren who were sent to St [--]orge were the very best Saints in the Territory, [---] have been told, and they have certainly proved ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B28_F5_I1_p074.jpg) [-]heir zeal by the energy with which they have [-]uilt this place in the face of discouragement. But [---] have one disheartening difficulty to face after another; and they are too intelligent not to have found it out Anna I— a plain described to me her [---]ning here ten years ago. The road we [--]avelled by was then a mere trail, and the women [--]d children were almost exhausted by the journey [-]hen they reached the place about seven miles from here , where the road branches off to Tocquer. [-]ost of their company left them , and those who [-]ere to go on felt very desolate as they toiled [--]owly up the mountain. When they reached [--]e red bluffs and looked over the desol plain [--]wards the Virgen <(river)> she saw down in the hollow a [--]w wagons encamped , and asked if that was where [--]ey were to pass the night. "Yes, dear," her hus- [-]and answered, "and the rest of our lives, God [--]lling." She said that She could not restrain [--]r tears, but by the time she had come to the ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B28_F5_I1_p075.jpg) [-]lace where they were to encamp, she felt willing [--] do her best cheerfully. All the brethren and [--]sters had the same spirit, she added. For months they had to keep house in the [--]smounted wagon-bodies and tents while crops [--]re planted and the system of irrigation commenced. The upturning of this soil had seemed to be [-]eculiarly fatal to children, and the summer [--]ats had been very hard to bear with none [--]t canvas walls to shelter them from the glaring [-]eflection of the mountain walls. No breeze ever [--]ached them, except the hot wind from the Desert [---]rying a fine sand to which they attributed the [---]valence of opthalmia. It was hard, she said, but it had taught [---]m to appreciate the contrast. Look at their [---] shaded streets, and the thick adobe or sand- [-]tone walls of their houses. In summer they could ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B28_F5_I1_p076.jpg) omit the small writing and restore the crossed out lines which Eliz D. Kane originally wrote ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B28_F5_I1_p077.jpg) [--]rken their completely, and keep them quite [--]ol. Poor dear woman, I thought she was thank- [-]ul for small mercies! They keep their houses <[---]rrisons of hired Irish and Germans here a year. Fancy a woman cooking dinner for a family in> <[---]iate of Fort [--]rna> [--]lerably cool, by cooking outside them in sheds facing North; and she who cooks must have [-] nice time of it! Then they have a plague [--] flies; flies that come so thick that looking out [-]n the dark doorway of the house they seem like [-] quivering wall between you and the distance. A less contented sister said that it was almost [--]possible to keep the flies out of the food, and [--]at if one swallowed them they acted as an emetic. However, I must admit that the winter climate [--] perfect. We have a wood fire morning and evening. [---]t in the daytime the house is comfortable without one fire, and if I go out will I require no heavier [--]appings in my walks than I do in bright October [-]ther at home. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B28_F5_I1_p078.jpg) [-]eather at home. [---]n 9th. I spent several hours today visiting [--]fferent sisters Mormon women . I found Sister Liston [--] fine spirits. She insisted on my tasting some [--]ne that had been made in the neighborhood. [-] thought it was horrible It seemed to me to have [--] little of the generous warmth of the sun-ripened [--]ape as if it had been made from the root out of [---] dark earth. They have some very good [--]rgundies, here, and at Tocquer a Swiss makes wine that I like. It tastes like the "Sandeman" [---]t. My husband however says I know nothing about it. That the best wine made here is It is the one I like least: of which he says that it is a little rough, but with keeping will be much prized as a high class Burgundy. It is a difficult question for the Mormons [--] settle about <[---]ciences to accept> wine-drinking. Their grapes do produce [---]e, and unless they drink it themselves they can- [--]t very well dispose of. it . The alkaline water [---]ds to produce diseases of the kidneys, and it [---]s as if Common Sense required them to use wine. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B28_F5_I1_p079.jpg) Leave these crossed out lines in if copying this. I do not know who crossed them out. Kent [Arrow pointing to next page] ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B28_F5_I1_p080.jpg) Instruction: Copy in the crossed out words But the teachings of the Church are in favor [--] total abstinence, and they hesitate to modify [-]hem. ( "To the truth not one and the same, on either side of the Rim of the Basin?") Thinking of Sister Liston's case, I asked Mr. Staines <[---] honest Elder Staines> today, why, when the Mormons saw [--]ople cured by "administering" to that is "laying hands" [--] them, they did not cure every sickness in the [--]me manner. He answered that "this kind [--]me by prayer and fasting, and that we re- [---]uired to feel within us the Spirit of Healing; [---] must have faith, and the patient also." He is as fond of illustrating his remarks, by a <(note–leave crossed out part in)> [-]tory as Lincoln himself, and the children were [-]uch amused by one he gave told us apropos. [-] was at Saint Louis," he said, "and went to see a [-]oung man of our faith. He was sick. "Staines," [---]s he "I've had the ague these three weeks, I [--]nt you to administer to me." ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B28_F5_I1_p081.jpg) He was a laughing kind of a fellow , fond of his fun, you understand; and I sometimes doubted his soundness in the faith. However, he was in earnest now, no mistake about it. Well, I was always very anxious about these matters: trying the spirits, you know–doubt- [-]ul, for I was always a sympathetic fellow, and [--]sily impressed, and that made me fearful of [--]ing carried away by my feelings. However, I [--]ayed, and felt to lay hands on him. Staines!' says he, 'Staines, it's gone!' for he had [-]ad a chill on him when I came in, that [-]ook his little room. 'And I've got it,' says I, [--]d sure enough I had! '[-]ow,' says I, 'do you lay hands on me!' '[-]ot I,' he answers, rubbing his hands, 'I've had [---] three weeks; that's long enough for one: you may [--]ep it!' And I did have it for several ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B28_F5_I1_p082.jpg) Jan. 10–Friday [-]eeks. That set me thinking. There's wisdom [--] the saying "they shall have faith to lay hands [--] the sick." I oughtn't to have been alone. I [-]adn't faith enough to drive it out altogether, and [-]y doubts let it find entrance to seize upon me." [-]an 10. Friday. Yesterday afternoon Bishop [-]ow called to invite us to dine with one of his [--]ves. I thought he said the first, so this [--]rning I took the boys, and went to call on [---]. I am too sheepish to ask which was the [---]t wife, but Willie seems to know who everybody [---] and he volunteered to conduct me to her house. [-]t is on the north side of the street; a neat story [--]d a half high adobe h cottage, She received [---] in a pleasant room opening directly off the [--]nt piazza. As in all the Utah houses [---] thick walls impress me with the idea of luxury, [---] few can afford such walls in the East. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B28_F5_I1_p083.jpg) I recognised the pretty Mauve tinted paper on the wall the same that covers our wood box at Mrs Elizabeth's. The windows were neatly draped with white curtains; [-]here was a nice rag carpet on the floor, knitted mats [--]fore the door and fireplace, a lounge, rocking chair [-]nd sewing machine, while from the next room [--]me the sound of some one practising on the melodeon. I explained that my visit was to make sure that [-]he understood why we declined her kind invitation. "I was Brother Jacky wanted you, affectionate Miss Low," was the sentiment of her embarrassing [---]ly. I had chanced upon the wrong wife! [--]wever, I had a pleasant chat. Going home [---] Ancient Mariner literally stopped "one of three," for [---] old fellow who was leaning against the smithy walk [--]rted forward as the boys paused to look in at the [--]orway. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B28_F5_I1_p084.jpg) "Whose children, and whose woman be you?" "General K's" I answered. He told me that he had nursed K. when [-]e lay ill at Papillon Camp in '46: that he had [-]eard a woman watched in the tent one night when [---] made sure he was going to die. That, he ex- plained, "was because I hadn't faith. I said we [-]ad ought to have brandy for him, he was in such [-] flamin' fever, but I hadn't no money. However [--]other man bought some, and we bathed him— Take off your veil, I want to see what sort of [--]man he's got! Humph!" as I complied,–a [--]st disparaging humph it was, "So he lived to [-]arry you!' Well, I'm a rough man. I was [--]ised a sailor, and as you see I take too much sperrits. [---]t don't think the rest of the Saints is like me! I've [---] as good wives"— Here K. interrupted me. [---] was looking over my shoulder as I wrote, and ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B28_F5_I1_p085.jpg) [-]aid it wasn't kind to make fun of a poor [--]llow who in his better day had dealt kindly by [-]y husband. I ceased writing about him in my diary, and would not insert the fragment in my transcript [---]t that it reminds me to say that this was the [--]ly intoxicated Mormon I met during my stay Utah. To return to my diary. After lunch I went to see the right Mrs Snow [--]r house stands in the same garden-vineyard [--] our Mrs Snow's, and has a wide and lofty [---]llised arbour at the back. The house commands [--]e same view as that of the wife I visited this [--]rning, and is about the same size, and equally [--]mfortably furnished. She was using her sewing [-]achine–a different one from that patronised [--] the two other Mesdames Snow. They are three ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B28_F5_I1_p086.jpg) very different looking women, too, though all [-]ave pleasant intelligent faces. After leaving [-]er we met a little four years old boy, a child [--] the fourth wife's who told us he was taking a [--]ssage "from Mother to Aunt Minerva." [---]n 11. K. has had several rides on horse- back lately, and was able to walk over two miles [--]day without pain, a thing he has never [--]ne since the War. He has secured a very [---]e pony for the boys, which the owner anxiously [--]deavored to persuade him to accept as a gift. Our [--]ttle fellows enjoy their riding lessons excessively. The day is cloudy, and I feel depressed by the [--]terruption of the mail service caused by the Epizootic, [wh]ich is on its way here now, and the heavy snowstorm [--] the cañons North of us. The telegraph informs us [-]ouis Napoleon's death. I wonder whether the news [--]itates the world from which we seem so completely ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B28_F5_I1_p087.jpg) shut out. Missing K. and the boys today I passed several hours with Sister V. I was amused by a remark of Mr. Staines this evening [-]hat "a man without a faith was like a man [-]ithout a head, going wobbling up and down the [-]orld, aiming at nothing." A missionary named Oakley spent the evening [--]th us. He comes from Kanab in Kane County, [--]d is preparing himself to teach his faith among [---] Spanish-speaking tribes of Arizona, and finds [--]mself sorely puzzled by the difference between the [--]anish taught in Velasquez' book, and the dialect [---]ken by the Indians. In speaking of his pref- [---]nce to remain among the Indians, and of the [---]ference between the Spanish of the Indians and of [---] books he incidentally compared it with the [---]ench of the Channel Isles, and the English as [--]oken in the interior of Norfolk. He has been [--] missions to both places, but prefers spending his ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B28_F5_I1_p088.jpg) future life among the Indians "who would stay [--]nverted." Now In the Channel Isles, he said, when [--]e preached they gladly accepted the Word, but [--]xt week it would all be to go over again. They [--]re baptized by hundreds, but they would [-]ackslide. Very few held the faith long enough [--] emigrate. There is but one of his converts here, a [--]man from St Heliers, wife to that tinman [-]hose house stands at the foot of Mount Hope, [---]lf turned away from the street. What a varied experience his has been. I am ashamed to admit the truth. But I cannot help wondering at his sharing of his copper coloured converts as worthy to be named in the same breath as white ones. Mr. Oakley has been among the Moquis He says he considers them as quite civilised: [---]y, unlike the nomad tribes, are very regular in [---]ir hours, and keep to three fixed mealtimes, [--]ecisely at sunrise, noon and sunset. They are [---]ilised too, he thinks in "being great folks to [--]ard up," sometimes having a couple of year's [-]rovision stored away. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B28_F5_I1_p089.jpg) He also says that they are very religious, and will not part with their relics. Major Powell tried in vain to buy some for the Smithsonian. The Moquis have a bridal dress of cotton, worn only at their marriage by husband and [-]ife. On the following day the robes are taken [---], and hung from the rafters of the house in [a] peculiar kind of basket wallet woven from the purpose. They are never touched again [--]til the owners die when they are buried in them. They value cotton so highly that they will [---]e one of their best blankets for 3 lbs of it. He sa asked K. if he remembered Ira [---]tch, and what a personable man he was. was with him among the Moquis, and one [-]their maidens fell in love with him, and [--]de it quite difficult for him to stay. She [---]ered him land and a peach orchard, but [---] was satisfied to have him go when she learned ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B28_F5_I1_p090.jpg) that he was married already. The Moquis are monogamists. When a man marries he goes into his father-in-law's family to live, until his own increases enough, when they take up their abode in one of the empty houses of their ancestors. He says they consecrate meal, which [-]hey as well as the Navajoes sprinkle on the [-]aters of a river they fear to cross, and adds that [--] I had looked I might have seen a little [-]arcel of meal tucked into old Ah-hilska's belt [-]hen he was here, carried by him, as leader of [--]e party, against emergencies. Mr. Cannon and one of the Youngs were present. [-]he latter said that the Mormons succeeded in [-]ersuading nearly all the inhabitants of a Moquis [-]illage to overcome their traditional reluctance [--] emigrate across the Colorado. They were to settle ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B28_F5_I1_p091.jpg) [-]omewhere near Kanab. The leader took [--]me consecrated meal, and threw a little in the [-]ir, a little on the ground and some on the waters [--] the Colorado. Before that he had asked [-]he Mormons either to retire, or to join in the [-]orship he was about to offer, as he had [---]e in theirs. After the ceremony was over they prepared [--] cross, but one of the rafts loaded with their [-]oods tipped over and went whirling down [--]e current. They took it as an intimation [--]at they were doing wrong in anticipating the [---]e when the same three prophets who drove [--]eir ancestors South across the Colorado, should [---] reappear in accordance with their prophecy lead them over the river again. Nothing would [--]duce them to cross after that! ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B28_F5_I1_p092.jpg) This sending the young people out on Missions has at least the advantage of giving the Mormons differently contrasted views of Life. K. brought in today a celebrated Indian missionary to give me "Bannock" and "Shoshoni" information. I had pen and ink ready to note down their religious customs and ceremonies, but failed to divert him from–what he evidently considered more valuable–an account of his labours among the degraded classes of "Shoreditch" and "Whitechapel". He made a point, though in a story, (I hope not go: Millerite) which he introduced to illustrate the text, "That husbands may without the word be won by chaste conversation coupled with fear." ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B28_F5_I1_p093.jpg) "When I was preaching in London" he [--]id, "a sister came up to me after Meeting to ask [--]vice. Her husband wouldn't allow her to bless the [--]at at table. What should she do?" 'Why', says I, 'bless it out in the kitchen before [---]ting it on the table.' 'Well, brother, she answered slowly 'that seems like bowin' down in the House of Rimmon.' [-] looked pretty sharply at her. She was one who [--]tended all the meetings regularly, and I often won- [-]ered how she found time to do it. She always looked [--]d, a kind of worrying sad, you understand. [-]aid I, "I'd like to ask you a few questions about [--]is unbelieving husband of yours. Does he ill- ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B28_F5_I1_p094.jpg) [tr]eat you?' 'Oh no! But he grumbles at me bein' [--]ay, and says 'So, you're a goin' off to that Mormon [m]eetin' again are you,' and swears.' 'Would you like him to come to Meeting [w]ith you, Sister?' I asked. Oh yes, indeed, Brother Stowmere.' Do what I say exactly, and I promise you that [h]e will soon come with you. Will you?" Yes Sir! "You go home, and cook him just as nice a dinner you know how to. You say he sometimes goes to his [ow]n church. Do you go with him next Sunday. [D]oes he bring home his wages regularly on Saturdays?" Yes, Sir, all but two shillings!" Well, then, you ask him what he'd like for his Sunday dinner; and if he likes going to market let him go with you and pick out the ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B28_F5_I1_p095.jpg) [-]oint; or if not, do you pick out a particulary [n]ice one. Cook it just as hot and nice as you [ca]n, and season it with pleasant words, -My pa- tience! I'd get angry myself if my wife went [--]l to the parish church morning and evening [a]nd gave me nothing but a cold snack of a [S]unday.' "I'll try it, Sir', says she, smiling. [W]ell, that very evening there was a respectable [lo]oking man came along with the sister, and [af]ter Meeting was over she brought him up and [in]troduced him. 'Sir,' says he, 'I've come to thank you for [a] good hot dinner; the first I've had for a [--]ar.' 'How's that?' I answered. 'Well, Sir, my wife set before me this day as [go]od a dinner as you'd want yourself. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B28_F5_I1_p096.jpg) [-]hat's up now! I said, and she told me that [--]e of the elders–that's you, Sir, had told her [--]at it was her duty to cook me my dinner and [--]ok after me a bit, if she did miss a meeting [--]w and then. So says I, Come, that's the man [---] my money, I'll go hear him this very night." And," concluded Mr. Starsmsere "to make a [--]ng story short, he joined our church, emigra- [--]d, and they are now doing well in Cache County." This is a Sunday, and there is no meet- [--]g till one o'clock. K. and I took a stroll through [-]he quiet ways, (one cannot call them streets,) of this [--]rge straggling village. We enjoyed the Sabbath [--]illness up there under the shelter of the bluff, where [---] acequia was shaded by thickets of evergreen [-]illows until the country lane gives place to [-]he planted rows of cottonwood trees. The path [--]side the brook was covered with yellow leaves, but ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B28_F5_I1_p097.jpg) 87 [t]hey still hung thick on the branches, among [w]hich the blackbirds rustled. An old man joined [---] and began talking to K, as we passed a cottage, [w]hich, but for its wide vine shaded piazza would have [lo]oked thoroughly English with its whitewashed rough [s]tone walls and deepset casement windows. Three or four men in their clean Sunday shirt sleeves sat [c]hatting on the steps as they watched the frolics of [a] couple of white rabbits, one of which presently ran [o]ut of the garden to the children. I loitered to let [t]hem play with it. On the opposite side of the [ro]ad stood a cottage built Swiss fashion with a [h]igh overhanging piazza running round the second [st]ory, [---] so that we could see the family [ga]thered there in spite of the high hedge of mesquit- [---]nd the lot. They were preparing to go to Meeting. [---]d two lads of fourteen or fifteen were leading out a [sa]ddled mule. It broke away from them and ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B28_F5_I1_p098.jpg) [tro]tted slowly round the paddock. When the boys [th]ought they had cornered him he escaped, and ran [a] little faster. At last one trod on the trailing lariat, [an]d then the mule kicked out. The father came [do]wn from the porch, and they united in driving [th]e mule towards the gate, where, he suddenly [tur]ned, and leaping the prickly hedge galloped off [t]he open country. All this time not an oath or [an]gry word was uttered, but there was enough laughing [an]d merry chat between the boys and their sisters [w]ho leaned over the piazza railing. A little gray [fi]gure with a bundle on his shoulder came in sight: [p]resently he stole under the piazza and re-appeared [a]mong the boys. It was a Pi-ede lad of thirteen [yea]rs, his thin bare legs gray with dirt, and wearing [---] other garment than an old tattered blanket. [T]he Indians seem to scent out every little occurrence [th]at disturbs the perfect quiet, and mingle in the crowd ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B28_F5_I1_p099.jpg) [--]reproved. The Mormons take no more notice of [--]em than of ghosts unseen I was about to say, [--]t they never elbow them as they accidentally [-]ight an impalpable ghost. An old squaw now came forward bending un- [-]er a heavy load of the yucca root, which they [--]e here for soap. She turned aside, entering a [--]te in the wattle fence of a garden across the [---]d. A very small adobe cottage stood in the [--]dst of it, of which the old man who was talking [--] K. proved to be the owner. He bade us come [--] and showed us that he had a fine vine- [-]ard, a beautiful peach orchard and a few [--]megranate and fig trees, and He is a Southerner, and was glad to revive memories of Alabama in chatting over old times K. While they stood talking I strolled [---] and down the shady path beside the acequia ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B28_F5_I1_p100.jpg) [--]aching the children as the brook gurgled pleas- [-]ntly in our ears, the Psalm "Thou leadest me [--]side the still waters." I wonder whether just such [--]nes were not familiar to David! The Mormons [--]ve redeemed these little fertile oases from the [--]rt of a country resembling Palestine geologically, [-]nucally one might say, and topographically. [--]d if these industrious plodding thrifty settlers [--]ould be driven off by the shiftless lazy horde [--]o generally settle first on the rich soil of the West, [---]n who expect to reap harvests without labor, [---]se places will soon fall back into desert again. [---]ssed are they that sow beside all waters, and send [---]th thither the feet of the ox and the ass." [-]egin to realise now why it is that Palestine [---]s so barren a country now, and why the [---]s spoke of it as so fertile. With irrigation ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B28_F5_I1_p101.jpg) [---]es grew and they had magnificent crops. [-]hen the enemy overran the land, and the [--]art of the people failed them, they neglected [---] water channels, and the hot sun and strong [---]ts in the soil burnt up the vegetation. So it [--]ll be here. I do not suppose now, as I used to at home, that Palestine was once a country [--]ded and green as Pennsylvania. It must have [---]n like this land, with cedar and timber of poor [--]ality growing in the cañons, and here and there [---]ts like Lebanon, of whose mighty trees they [---]ked as the Mormons do of the forest on the [--]n Francisco Mountains in Arizona. [--]nday Evening. The meeting today was held in [---] basement of the Tabernacle, as the plastering is dry [---]e. It was intensely warm, as the stoves were [---] heated, and the room was crowded. The little [---]s were at a distance from me, and Willie seemed ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B28_F5_I1_p102.jpg) faint that I took him a long walk after [---] meeting was over, in the cool afternoon breeze. [-] could scarcely keep my gravity when Meeting [--]gan, and I saw Will's great brown eyes fix [--] astonishment on the canvas screens that divided [---] part of the basement we were in from the rest. [---]y were evidently the scenes of the Mormon [---]atre, with the reverse sides turned toward us. [---]re were the framework and hinges of the "prac- [--]cable door," the groundwork daubs of brown and [---]en of a street scene woodland, and the angular [---]es of a street scene. I think poor Will was [---]appointed that no use was made of them in services! Today the rocking chairs of honour which [---]m to be reserved for K. and myself (I recognised [---] blue chintz cushions) were not on the platform, but [--]aced close to a fearfully hot stove, and just in front ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B28_F5_I1_p103.jpg) the table at which the elders sit in front of the [---]igs of water and bread plates. The choir sat on [-] our right, and several of them greeted me cordially. [---] of them is my little friend pretty Lizzie S. [---] one of the Bishops has called the brethren and [---]ters to order the choir master rises It is He is one [-]he two arbitrators in the Indian pony case, Brother [-]cFarland. He says "The hymn on the hundred [--]d fifteen page", and away go the choir in a [---]e fugue. Then Mr. Staines

gives one of his [---]ring addresses, ending– "Don't go wrong, thinking [--]u will one day make amends. You can't undo Do right now from the start, and God's blessing [---]n the words. Amen!" "Amen!" echo the congregation in the same breath, [--]d it is no easy matter, for the Mormon preacher [-]thers so much speed into his last sentence that he [---]es to the stand of Amen at a gallop. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B28_F5_I1_p104.jpg) [-]hen we have another gallant fugue, to which [-]righam Young with beats time with his spectacles, [--]d at the end leans forward and says in an [--]phatic whisper "Chorus!" and the choir after [--] instant's faltering ring out a truimphant closing [--]e Then comes a wearisomely long sermon <(thoroughly orthodox [-] Pa[---]st)> from a [---]spoken Bishop. I notice my dear little boys [--]le with the heat, striving to keep awake and [--]king across from their high perch on the platform [---] see if Mamma approves their good behaviour. [--]mma is naughty enough to attract their glances [--]a window where Captain Jack and another Piede [---] peering in with wistful doglike looks. Poor "Spanking [--]k" has rather a pleasing face in spite of his [--]day adornment. of a strip of leather studded <[---]ould not sh[--] after the [---] and array of a G[---] or of an Oracle. The> [wit]h brass nails down the middle of his elf-locks. [---] passes by soon, but the Bishop preaches on: ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B28_F5_I1_p105.jpg) of the elders after a brave struggle falls asleep. [---] has been for a long while "staring vacantly with wide blue eyes, As in a picture." [--]other Staines has composed himself in one corner [--] the sofa, without any pretence, and is sound asleep. [---]ther Brigham is wide awake enough behind [-] pillar, and is so plainly watching the effect [--] the speaker's words on one auditor that I become [---]te interested myself in the man's countenance. [---] argument is on the question of Baptism for [---] Dead. Is the man a new convert, or one who [--] likely to backslide? Ah; there is a whisper from the choir [---]r and a rustle among the hymnbooks: they knock intuition that the Bishop is winding up. [---]e enough: the last sentence rattles to a close with [---]ever and ever Amen! ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B28_F5_I1_p106.jpg) Then the bread and water are blessed and dis- [-]ributed, the choir singing the while, and the [--]dience is dismissed. Willie's headaches so much that I take [--]in a walk, and Evan begins to ask questions [---]ut something in the sermon referring to Darius' [---]at brazen image. The plain of St George is [---]wing in a golden sunset light and as I [---] them the story of the Three Children I know [---]y well that as long as they live the Plains of [---]ra will always figure to them as surrounded [--] volcanic ranges, with a silver thread like the [---] Virgen creeping through the sandy waste in [---] distance. As we come home we meet again [---] pretty women, dressed in slight mourning, and modern fashion. They greeted me this morning as [---] [-]ntered the Tabernacle, but now they join me. [--]ey speak with a cultivated English accent, and ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B28_F5_I1_p107.jpg) [-]alk of the difference between St George and Mon- treal. At dinner time I describe them to Mr. Staines. [--] tells me that the rosy one has only spent six [--]nths in Utah. Her mother, brothers and sister [--]ve been here some time, but si last spring one [-]other went back to Canada on a mission. He [---]verted her and she felt that she must "gather [--]th the Saints." Her husband "scoffed at the word," [--]d would not go with her, though, strange to say [-] let her carry away her two little children. She supports herself by teaching school, and looks [--]ntented and happy. I end the evening by reading Pilgrim's Progress [--] [-]he chilren. and As this is a transcri f sample [---] our Sundays here I transcribe it from my [-]airy, and will omit other descriptions of the same kind. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B28_F5_I1_p108.jpg) [--]nday January 15. K. took the boys on a long horseback ride, far as the point where the Virgen finds its outlet [-]n the low hills that shut in the St George plain. [---]y returned with their pockets filled with broken pieces [-]he old Moquis pottery which is so profusely strewn [--]t the tops of the hills. The Piedes who were loitering [-]he street when they dismounted caught sight of the [---] protruding from Willie's breast pocket, and seemed [---]ly and contemptuously amused, just as we were the decoration of empty tomato cans worn by an [--]dian. While they were gone I spent the long [---]ning with my friend–I will call her Louisa, [---]gh that is not her name. I think her face of the loveliest I have ever seen. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B28_F5_I1_p109.jpg) I know no better woman among us than Louisa with whom I became intimately acquainted at St George. the invariable picture of Man killing the Lion. Things may look differently if the Lion ever becomes painter. In the meantime I will go back to Louisa's history ] She is the daughter of rich parents re- -siding in Salt Lake City; that is they are rich now, though they shared in the hardships of the emi- -gration, and Louisa herself was born in a wagon during the earliest hurried flight of the Mormons, that from Far West I think. She married "in the faith," when she grew up, one of those men who are always unfortunate in their own business affairs, while they are everywhere in demand to lend a helping hand to others. Nothing is amiss in their moral being except that necessary leaven of selfish- -ness is wanting which will enable them to con- -centrate their energies first upon their own business ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B28_F5_I1_p110.jpg) as most important to themselves no matter how valuable their help may be to others at the time. Such men as Louisa's husband are universally beloved in the community in which they live, but they are rather trying member masters of a household which has to depend upon their daily labours. That Mr. Johns team has been loaned to Brother John Smith to bring his family down from Salt Lake City, would irritate most women, who knew that a moment's thought would have recalled to Mr John's memory the fact that the supply of firewood was exhausted and more had to be hauled from the cañon. True, Johns would be very sorry, and would go round to a neighbour's with a wheelbarrow and bring back enough for the day, but Louisa knows that he thereby misses the pay for a day's labour at a time they could ill afford to go without it. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B28_F5_I1_p111.jpg) The same thing occursed in more important matters, and Johns was always a poor man, though always within an ace of being a rich one. He never takes the tide of fortune at the turn, but found himself stranded by the ebb. He was an earnest Mormon, and always ready to go on a mission, starting off willingly without purse or scrip, and leaving Louisa with very little in hers. Yet, as she said , his "beautiful faith was always justified, for they have never really lacked bread in his absence, nor been obliged to apply to the brethren for help." How she loves him, and respects his unselfishness, his kindness in the family, his patience, his readi- -ness to help others, his gentleness as a nurse in sickness! "Poor soul, he's had enough training in that with me on his hands!" she said, one day ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B28_F5_I1_p112.jpg) with shining eyes, looking out from her beautiful though worn face, as she spoke of his character. She has indeed given him training in nursing her. I think she has borne him eleven children, of whom some had died in infancy–I know they were only about a year apart–and she was la- -bouring under a severe form of internal disease, the result of leaving her bed and going to work too soon after the birth of one of her first children. Before the birth of her last she had herself been paralysed on the left side for four months, and the baby when born had been for several months unable to move itself about. Louisa spoke of the time when she was paralysed as one of sweet peace of mind and body. She had been unable to move about, and had therefore been free to lean back in her chair, and sew/she could ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B28_F5_I1_p113.jpg) use her right hand, and though she could not lift her left the fingers could hold the end of her seam when placed between them.) She had been able to do up all her sewing for the sum- -mer, while her heart had been free to com- -mune with her God, as she had rarely had time to do in her busy life when her cares would intervene, even in the moments spent upon her kneew. Her dear eldest daughter, a girl of sixteen had done all the work with what help the younger ones could give. Now, she and Mr. Johns had felt it wrong to keep the dear girl from the education she has a right to receive, and so they had made up their minds to send her to the College at Salt Lake City. The parting was for five years–three to be spent at college, two in teaching in return for her education , and ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B28_F5_I1_p114.jpg) Mary was very homesick, "but not more than I am for her" the mother said, with bright drops falling on the baby's neck as she dandled him, but still with a cheerful face. The next girl did all she could to help her mother, but the next has the terrible sore-eyes of Southern Utah, and something ailsd her spine and her poor little fingers were crippled with felons, so that she required, instead of giving help . And the next‑a merry bright eyed little scamperer, "what an amount of running she could do for Mamma! I said . Louisa laughingly shook her head, "Not much help is to be obtained from Lulu," she said, "her Aunt Annie has only two children and had invited Lulu to spend six months with her, and she had been so petted that now she does not want to be useful at home." ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B28_F5_I1_p115.jpg) "Her Aunt Annie. "A sister of yours I suppose? What a comfort it must be to have her near you!" I said. "She is only a Sister in the Lord, Mr. Johns' first wife" said Louisa, "but she is very kind to Lulu, and has clothed her from head to foot." While Louisa talked with me she continued her household work. The room in which we sat contained cooking stove and dining table as well as rocking-chair and cradle. Everything was spotlessly clean, but everything showed the marks of poverty. Even The rag-carpet had large holes in it, but then the edges of each hole were carefully bound with wide braid. "I can't afford time yet to make a new one," she said, "but now that it's past darning I can still keep it from looking slovenly." With great self denial, her husband and she had saved enough to put up a saw-mill in one ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B28_F5_I1_p116.jpg) of the canyons some fifty about a hundred miles from the settlement. There they spent the summer last year, living in tents and wagon boxes i.e. the box part of a wagon dismounted from the wheels but retaining its arched white canvas cover. She and her daughter had cooked for the seven men Mr. John's employed, as well as having taking care of the children. The summer had been intensely hot, and father, mother, and children were all exhausted when they returned home; but they looked forward to large profits when sales began. Lumber is very scarce in Utah, and the mill was near the great mining region of Pioche in Nevada, where the price was something of marvellous. I was at a Meeting in the tabernacle at when addresses were delivered regarding ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B28_F5_I1_p117.jpg) the difficulties of finishing it or beginning the new Temple they wanted to erect. The brethren had given time and labour and the tithing fund had stretched as far as it would go, but sufficient building material could not be obtained. "Pioche" offered higher prices, and "Lion" lacked. An appeal was made from the preachers' stand to brethren who owned lumber or other building materials, not to sell it to the Gentiles at their rate, but to put it into Zion's work at less than half. Elder John's grotesque looking face (he had, as he used to say, "been mashed considerable" in various accidents) had been twitching for some time, and when the address was over, he jumped up, and laid his stock at the disposal of the church! And when I asked Louisa today how she felt about his offer, she said, "How thankful she was that grace had been given Johns to make an offering in which she could share, as her labour ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B28_F5_I1_p118.jpg) 103½ had helped to make the lumber. Faithful husband, faithful spouse, faithful pair! I was surprised to learn today, after I came home that the kind Sister Annie whom Lousia was going to eulogise was Mr. John's first and oldest wife. Her devotion to her husband, the number of their children and their poverty had made me suppose Louisa an only wife. The number of Louisa's children ought to remind me to observe that the Mormon theory in this matter is not consistently sustained by Mormon practice. The advocates of polygamy urge in its favor. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B28_F5_I1_p119.jpg) 124 theory differed from Mormon practice. They urge in favour of polygamy that it is better for the physical health of mothers and infants. taking the females of the lower animals as examples of what should be the healthy state of life for the human female, they say that during pregnancy and lactation she should live apart from her husband, and that as he has proved incapable in a state of monogamy of the requisite self denial, polygamy was wisely fore-ordained for the proper regulation of the family. Theory has failed, if one may judge from the relative ages of the children in most Mormon families. All the wives who have any children at all, have quantities of them. They are deemed her crown of glory, and she is proud of their number and what is more to the purpose her husband is proud too. She carries her latest baby to [---] [---] ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B28_F5_I1_p120.jpg) her hand is solicited in the dance as often as that of any young girl. I was one day so strongly wrought upon by the thoughts of Louisa that I determined to tackle old Mrs Lange ‑that's not her real name by the bye‑ on the subject, and to ask her why, when the Saints preached so directly to the point in their sermons, and counselled with each other on the respective size of the motes and beams in either's eyes ; why some one had not counselled with Brother Johns for Louisa's benefit. But Mrs Lange was a spectacled woman of sixty or so; stout, shrewd and hard-headed as Susan Anthony herself. I often wondered how in the world she came to be a convert to Mormonism. It seemed as if no delusion of the senses or the imagination could have come over her. sound mind . I screwed. I called, Mrs Lange opened the door for me; but it was not the Mrs ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B28_F5_I1_p121.jpg) 125 Lange I meant to visit. My Mrs Lange and in the sitting room, and this wife had come to her house to look over their joint husband's clothes, and to put them in order before he went on a mission. They were engaged at the moment in mending his great-coat. It struck me as such a ludicrous an occupation which they continued with grave simplicity. I could not summon courage to introduce my question and instead, we talked of their husband's coming departure. This man was had had a fineeducation, had taken honours at college, spoke and wrote well in several modern languages, and was the son of a rich gentleman-farmer in Massachusetts . He had lost about twenty thousand dollars through becoming a Mor- -mon, and I must say I respected him ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B28_F5_I1_p122.jpg) 127 for that patched great coat. He knew enough of the old "Gentile" society in which he had moved, to feel how much caste he lost by wearing it. Yet he went tranquilly off to London, and I dare- say thought affectionately of Mary's patch, and Julia's darn, when he was far away! ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B28_F5_I1_p123.jpg) After K. and the boys had rested a little, we [-]ent to dine at Mrs Artemisia Snow's. This was the [--]dy whose to whom I had paid my visit declining to [--]ne there, when she had not given the invitation. It [--]s her turn now. We found several of the leading [---]ple of the place assembled to meet us. The dinner; [--]ll cooked and well served; had nothing remarkable [---]ut it, except that the second wife, who had [--]me over from her own house, helped the widowed [--]ughter of the first to wait upon us. Fancy a first [--]fe's traquilly permitting a second to rummage her [--]ets and inspect her housekeeping; and a second [--]fe's being willing to wait stand behind the first [--]fe's chair; here, too in Utah, where the husband's [---], and sometimes, wives! sit next to him! To see [---] affectionate anxiety as to the dinner-comforts of their [---] manifested by two rival wives is something [--]mical! There was nothing of that shown here; the ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B28_F5_I1_p124.jpg) second wife behaving to the elder precisely as a married daughter would have done. The latter lady by the bye, owns a pretty white villa, standing in neatly kept grounds, which are surrounded by a low wall of volcanic tufa coped with [-]ed sandstone. The substantial barn and stable [-]tanding in one corner of the lot, look as if the [--]mer took good care of her property. Since her [-]usband was killed some years ago on the Mojave by[--]e Indians, she has successfully carried on his business [-]ith the aid of her little boys. I believe he brought [-]oods through with his teams from Salt Lake to St [---]rge and the southern settlements of Utah. His [-]idow now either sends out the teams with trustworthy [--]ivers, or accompanies the train herself with her young [---]s. She is a slender, dark complexioned woman [--]the and graceful in her movements and youthful [--]ough to be quite a belle in the homely society here After dinner most of the female guests [--]thdrew, to the kitchen I suppose, for I could see them ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B28_F5_I1_p125.jpg) flitting in to the dining room now and then to put away pieces of the dinner service. Mrs Arte- misia Snow and I were accompanied to the parlour by the gentlemen. The lamp on the mantlepiece [--]ed but a faint light compared to the vivid [--]angeful glow of the blazing pine logs on the [---]rth, and some allusion to the solidity with which had to the fireplace was built, led to the remark [---]t it was under the hearth at the Beman farm [---]t the "Plates" of the Book of Mormon were hidden. [--]s Snow was a daughter of Mr. Beman, a wealthy [--]mer of Livingston, Livonia County, New York. She [--]s only a girl when the "plates" were brought [---]se, but remembered perfectly the anxiety they [---] felt after the plates were buried and a fire [--]ndled on the hearth above them, round which [---] family sat as usual. I asked "Who were [---]rching for the plates?" ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B28_F5_I1_p126.jpg) She answered "The people of the neighborhood. They did not know what Joseph Smith had found, t what it was treasure, and they wanted to get it ay. This was long before there was any dream of [--]ligious persecution. Mrs Snow sate knitting a stocking as she [--]ked like any other homely elderly woman. She cer- inly seemed to think she had actually gone through scene she narrated. I know so little of Mormon [-]tory of the Mormons that the stories that now followed the flickering firelight were full of interest to me. shall write down as much as I can remember, [---]ugh there must be gaps where allusions were de to things I had never heard of, and did understand enough to remember accurately. The t curious thing was the air of perfect sincerity ll the speakers. I cannot feel doubtful that believed what they said. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B28_F5_I1_p127.jpg) A blue eyed Pennsylvanian with rosy cheeks and [-]now white hair, a man who has a thoroughly good & [--]nevolent face, Bishop Sheetz, of Montgomery County, said, [--]eaking of his first interview with Joseph Smith‑ they oftenest speak of him as "Joseph" or "Brother [-]oseph") "I thought him the image of everything [--]repossessing and noble. I felt to be thankful [-]hat I had lived to a wonderful day when God [-]as again communicating with Man." Brigham Young described his first visit to him. "I had received the testimony before," he said, "but [-] wanted to see him. I felt I would know him to be the man. I went with my brother Phineas [-]nd Heber C. Kimball to old man Smith's and found neither of the sons at home, but he said the boys were in the woods. Accordingly we went [-]bout a quarter of a mile to where Jos. & Hyrum [-]ere, following the tracks of their woodsled through ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B28_F5_I1_p128.jpg) a light snow that was melting. They had [-]ust felled a tree, and Joseph greeted us pleasantly, [-]nd asked us if we could handle an axe. We [-]hen took hold one after another, and got the [-]ranches off and the tree cut up into logs very on, and work being over for the day he invited [---] home to talk. We attended a meeting in the ening too, and I was fully satisfied." What a scene for an artist if he could by any [---]ssibly depict the genuine feelings of the actors in it. [---]eph Smith and Brigham Young measuring each [---]ers' looks for the first time as they met in the [---]ods and joined in the simple labour of the axeman. are no trivial characters <[-]imple rural picture. But of no ordinary scene. The first meeting of these> whose influence sways absolutely a people 000 men women and ldren; far more disciples than Mahomet was followed in as many years. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B28_F5_I1_p129.jpg) I forget what came next, but after Mrs Snow had been mentioned as being Beaman's daughter, I asked some question respecting the original discovery [-]f the plates which was answered as nearly as I an remember. A man named Walters son of a rich man living the Hudson South of Albany received a scientific edu- cation, was even sent to Paris. After he came home he lived like a misanthrope, he had come back an [--]fidel, believing neither in man nor God. He used to [-]ess in a fine broadcloth overcoat, but no other coat or vest, his trousers all slitted up and patched, [--]d sunburnt boots‑awful filthy! He was a [---]t of fortune letter, though he never stirred off [---] old place. For instance ., A man I knew [--]de up, and before he spoke, the fortune teller said, you needn't get off your horse, I know what you ant. Your mare ain't stolen." ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B28_F5_I1_p130.jpg) Says the man "How do you know what I want?" [--]ys he, "I'll give you a sign. You've got a res- pectable wife, and so many children. At this minute [-]our wife has just drawn a bucket of water at the [--]ll to wash her dishes. Look at your watch, and [--]id out if it ain't so, when you get home. As [---] your mare, she's not a dozen miles from home. [--] strayed into such a neighborhood, and as they [--]dn't know whose she was, they put her up till [--] should be claimed. My fee's a dollar. Be off!" This man was sent for three times to to the hill Cumorah to dig for treasure. People [--]ew there was treasure there. Beman was one of [--]se who sent for him. He came. Each time he [---]d there was treasure there, but that he couldn't [---]t it; though there was one that could. The last [---]e he came he pointed out Joseph Smith, who [---]s sitting quietly among a group of men in the ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B28_F5_I1_p131.jpg) [--]vern, and said There was the young man that [---]ld find it, and cursed and swore about him in scientific manner: awful!" I asked where Cumorah was. "In Manchester [--]wnship Ontario County New York." I think this near Rochester. ❡ I have heard Porter Rockwell, bronzed seafaring looking man, with long hair tucked ind his ears, in which he wears little gold rings, [---] of Joseph Smith's failures and final success in ding the plates. Rockwell was a schoolmate d friend of Smith's, and in spite of his intimate [--]owledge of the humble yankee tu settler's life, log-house, lit up at night by pine chips because were too poor to burn candles, the daily trudge to rude schoolhouse and the association with him when were "hired men" together, evidently believes in his [--]het and hero, falsifying the proverb about "No man y a hero to his valet de chambre." His story ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B28_F5_I1_p132.jpg) [-]ut the discovery of the plates sounded like a legend [--]e demons of the Harz Mountains, but his discription [-]e life of his neighborhood made me understand [--]at Brigham Young meant by saying the [---]ple knew there was treasure in the Hill [--]morah. It seems that the time was one great mental disturbance in that region. There was much religious excitement; chiefly [---]ng the Methodists. People felt free to do very [---]er things in the new country, which the lapse single generation has made us consider Old New land. It is not so many years since the founder my own sober Presbyterian church in Phila Whitefield [---]t about preaching aloud in the fields clad in [--]ough loose garment belted in at the waist and long hair flowing in imitation of John Baptist. Not only was there religious excitement, but phantom treasures of Captain Kidd were sought ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B28_F5_I1_p133.jpg) far and near, and in places like Cumorah here the primeral forest still grew undisturbed [--]e treasure-seekers sought for treasure, without [---] traditionally rumor even, to guide them. [---]kwell said his mother and Mrs Smith used [--] spend their Saturday evenings together, telling their [---]ms, and that he was always glad to spend [---] afternoon holiday storing gathering pine knots [--] the evening blaze, on the chance of that his [--]ther would forget to send him to bed, and that might listen unnoticed to their talk. The most [--]r settlers of the district, he said, were "gropers", [---]ugh they were ashamed to own it, and stole [---] to dig of moonlight nights, carefully effacing traces of their ineffectual work before creeping [---]ne to bed. He often heard his mother and Mrs [--]ith comparing notes, and telling how Such an one's [---]m, and Such another's pointed to the same lucky ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B28_F5_I1_p134.jpg) [--]ot: how the spades often struck the iron sides he treasure chest, and how it was charmed ay; now six inches this side, now four feet [--]er and again completely out of reach. Joseph [--]ith was no gold seeker by trade; he only did [---]ly, what all were doing privately; but he considered to be "lucky". [---] he found the plates, saw them plainly, and sight of them again, I have read in some [---]mon book since I came here. ❡ Brigham [---]ng said that the night Joseph found the plates [---]ne was a wonderful light in the heavens. I about 70 miles from there, and stood for hours [---]ching it. There were lances darting and the sound [-]annon and armies just at hand, and flashes light, though there were no clouds. Joseph's dis- [--]ery was in the papers directly, and everywhere [-]eople remarked the coincidence, because for ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B28_F5_I1_p135.jpg) hundreds of miles they had been out watching like myself." I asked where the plates were now, and [---]w in a moment from the expression of the [---]ntenances around, that I had blundered. But was answered that they were in a cave; that [---]ver Cowdery, though now an apostate, would not [---]ny that he had seen them. He had been to [--]e cave, the third time that Joseph was there I [---]d not understand exactly whether Oliver Cowdery there three times, or whether he accompanied [---]ph the third time he went there, and Brigham [---]ng's tone was so solemn that I listened bewildered [---]mont venturing to interrupt by questions‑ [---] a child to the evening witch-stories of its nurse. do I understand whether the plates were all [--]scribed by this time or not. The plates are thin leaves of gold f shaped like thin sections cow-bell, to speak profanely, and threaded ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B28_F5_I1_p136.jpg) [---] golden rings, which the Mormons believe Joseph have found in the hill Cumorah. The curious [--]aracters inscribed upon them he was enabled to [---]nslate by means of a magic, or hallowed, [---]ir of immense eye-glasses, to speak prfanely [--]in, of what the Mormons reverence, called the [--]in & Thummim, found in the same small [--]st in which the plates were. This translation the Book of Mormon. [-]righam Young said that when Oliver Cowdery [--] Joseph Smith were in the cave, the third [---]e, they could see its contents more distinctly than [--]e, just as your eyes get used to the light of a [---] candle, and objects in the room become plain [-]ow. It was about fifteen feet high and round [--]sides were ranged boxes of treasure. In the [--]tre was a large stone table empty before, but [---]w piled with similar gold plates, some of ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B28_F5_I1_p137.jpg) [-]hich also lay scattered on the floor beneath. Formerly the sword of Laban hung on the [-]alls sheathed, but it was now unsheathed and [---]g across the plates ; and One that was [--]th them said it was never to be sheathed [---]til the reign of Righteousness upon the earth." I would have liked to hear more, half [--]pecting the apparition of some Frederick Barba- [--]sa, but Brigham Young ceased speaking, [--]d Bishop Snow related a long dream which [--]d recently been vouchs-afed to him. By [---] time my poor little boys were so tired after their [---] ride that they were nodding as they stood on their [---] beside my chair. I whispered to them to go and [---] down to rest, but Willie whispered back in a des- [-]ring way "Oh I can't bend, I'm so stiff!" So we [---]nd a long account of the "sword of Laban" in a copy of the [---] of Mormon on the table this morning in the 1st chapter of the [--]ok of Nephi. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B28_F5_I1_p138.jpg) [The following is written sideways] 8 that to tell the truth he was like myself afraid of ‑ ‑ &c. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B28_F5_I1_p139.jpg) [-]repared to take leave; the household as usual [--]ssembling first for prayers. The supplications [---]r the continuance of the improvement in K's [--]alth were very earnest. Afterwards the wrappings [--]e brought in and as we shawled ourselves, Brigham Young noticed that K. wore thin [---]zed dress boots dress shoes, and asked where his shoes were. When he admitted that he did [---]t intend wearing any, and could not be persuaded [--] borrow a pair, B.Y. quaintly remarked‑ [---]r a man to neglect ordinary precautions that [---]arding his health that he can perfectly well [--]ke himself, and then to ask the Lord to take care of him , is an insult to the Lord's common [---]se!" After that, of course K. submitted, and [---]n we left the house, we found that the ground [---] exceedingly damp. The Mormons say the ground [--]ways is damp at night "owing to the deliquesing ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B28_F5_I1_p140.jpg) Overhead I never beheld such a sky. K. said that it was because I was unused to the glory of a Southern night, that I was so fascinated by [---]. The moon and the stars did not look like flat objects pasted on a solid background, as they [---]erally seem to me, but were visibly independent [---]s riding in the pure blue depths. Venus shone [--]ve the black basalt hill with an intensity that [--]de me wish her worshipper old Sister G. could [--] her. Round the horizon was a pale light, [--]d on either side the moon, but at a great [---]tance a strange semi-circular sweep of [---]ht, unlike one of the ordinary halos. There was [--]t a cloud in the sky, and the air was as [---] as May. While I was putting the boys to bed, K. went [-]he acequia to get some cold drinking water for night, and did not return for so long that ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B28_F5_I1_p141.jpg) * See worked up description of what followed I have never seen any thing like it. But the description was omitted lest my journal falling into wrong hands it should aid super- stition ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B28_F5_I1_p142.jpg) [-] was beginning to be worried alarmed. When he [---]d come back however, he told me that my [--]ish had been granted. Every light in the [--]llage was extinguished, but Sister G., late [--] it was, was prowling about in the moonlight [---]in admiration of the stars, and had obliged [---]in to give her a lesson in astronomy then and [--]ere. A curious fancy in a woman nearer [--]enty than sixty! She told K. that all the celestial splendours were a celebration go up [---] [---] and gave a certain token that he would be restored to health.* [---]n: 14. A a change in the weather. It was, [---] St George, very cold, with a strong wind, and [-]ut noon a black cloud came towards us from desert, and as it lowered darkly over the little [---]in we could see that there was quite a whirl [---]d under it. When it reached St George it [---]ated quite a commotion, unroofing sheds, twisting signboards, and carrying quite goodsized branches in the air mingled with leaves and dust. So ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B28_F5_I1_p143.jpg) [The following is written sideways] (7) She told K. that all the celestial splendors were a celebration get up for his benefit: and were a certain token that he wd be restored to health. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B28_F5_I1_p144.jpg) in fell, and after the cloud passed by, the ther moderated. It shows however, that the [-]lay last night was something unusual. Of K. talks of returning home through [---]ona, but I do not relish the idea, fearing both Apache and Mojave Indians. Besides, I think [---] caravan life, even in civilised Utah, was pleasant to the delicacy of a lady, and I would wretched to be the only woman among the y, as I should be. I shall think I have [---] adventure enough when I return from Kanab Kane County, where we are to go when the moon is old enough. It is East and a little th of this place. They tell me that two ladies [--]e Powell Colorado Exploring Expedition have there for some months. They must have had [-]elightful experience, for the Expedition was well fitted with materials for comfort and safety. Still I [--]vy them for Kanab is a rougher settlement than St George (over page ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B28_F5_I1_p145.jpg) 137th‑146 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B28_F5_I1_p146.jpg) [--]nuary 16th. Our Military, or rather Militia Ball was [--]nite a si grand affair. The idea was, I believe, at the Militia of the Territory gave it in honour of [---]ir distinguished Military guest, K. he night was cold enough to make me thankful that the unwarmed Hall I was wearing a high-necked dress warm thick ottoman cloth instead of a ball dress. [-]e laid aside our outer wrappings in the basement. [--]d ascending the narrow stairs found ourselves in the [--]rge room, where once <[---] or [---]> or twice a week ever since I ne here I have watched the figures of dancers bing past the windows ere I closed my own. [--]e south end was elevated by a couple of steps which ed as benches for the dancers to rest on. The raised tform behind held a table setout with stereoscopic [---]s, a sofa and some chairs, and was intended the more honourable or elderly guests and other ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B28_F5_I1_p147.jpg) [---]flowers. The children had been in a state of [--]at excitement all day over the preparations going on [--]oss the way; the pictures, looking glasses and so th that were being carried in; and now pointed to each others those they recognised as having [---] contributed by our different friends for the adorn- ent of the white washed walls. Opposite the dais- [---] the musician's stand, above which of course was honoured Stars and Stripes. When the guests had all assembled a couple of airs were placed on the floor, to which Pres: Young [---]d Bishop Snow who is also Major General of the [---]tia, advanced arm in arm. They then knelt down Bishop‑General Snow prayed for a blessing on the [---]ceedings of the evening: that the festival might be [-]louded by a sinful word or thought or deed, and the cheerfulness might be good for soul and [---]y: and that we might all go home feeling our social ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B28_F5_I1_p148.jpg) ties more closely drawn together. Then the music struck up, and Snow, [-]nouncing himself as Major General of the Division [---]red the forces to deploy for cotillions. [-]he tunes played were most of them of the Dixie [---]r, many of them old Virginia, which so often means [---]tch airs. The dancing was confined to cotillions, [---] and country-dances, the Mormons not approving waltzes or "Germans", and the steps were executed with fashioned and graceful precision. K. and I [---]ined to dance, but President Young, notwithstanding seventy three years, not only opened the ball but [---]ced nearly every dance. It was really a pretty [---]ht to see such thorough enjoyment of the figures. [-]hink they danced every one that ever was invented. [--]e costumes were as various , as the ages and positions [-]he dancers. Here, a pretty brunette clad in white ced opposite her mistress; there was a cotillion where ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B28_F5_I1_p149.jpg) Brigham Young and two of his wives danced in [---]pany with his two coachmen. An old man over eighty danced with great spirit, and though [---]ring homespun, had no difficulty in finding [---]tners. The pretty and the young by no means [--]opolised the floor. Husbands took out thier own [---]er more often than other people's, and a stout [--]ron in gingham, with short curly hair, whose good [---]thered face soon grew rubicund, was the greatest belle [--]l. Although there were older people there than [---]n used to see dancing, there were also younger [---]le than I have ever seen at parties. Of five [---]ies, three were over, and two under seven weeks [---]ge Their mothers handed the little bundles to other [---]ers" to hold while they danced, and looked as [---]ppy as if Eve's curse was forgotten. There were children present, except mine, on this occasion. [--]igham Young said that he had no notion that because ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B28_F5_I1_p150.jpg) woman had undertaken to toil over a man's ldren all day she should be debarred from enjoying self as much as others in evening gatherings. was better for mothers, soul and body, to get a little [---]shness of scene instead of being tied to their houses snails. And he also thought that neither [---]rents nor children nor old people, should stay home to rust. Happy married people were too [---]d of pretending that it was their duty to sit [-]y of an evening together, letting their young people off without surveillance to get into mischief; and ss people felt it to be a duty, they would [--]ect old people and not see that they had their [---]e of the social enjoyment which had helped to them alive. It was parents' duty to let [---]ir children have amusement, and to make them- [--]ves sharers in the amusements of their children. This was about the purport of an address he ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B28_F5_I1_p151.jpg) [--]ade. There were several addresses; one to K. in which was informed that the festival was in his honour‑and [---]t the people would do more for him if he would [---]t it. Of course he had to make another little [--]dress in reply; and then several of the militia [--]cers were called upon. Most of the speeches were short, [--]-comic and to the purpose. K. pointed out to the brave faces of many of the men, several of [---]m have been noted Indian fighters, and peacemakers [--]terspersed through the dances were interludes of [--]ging. I was glad that K. who is my musical [--]thority, countersigned my enjoyment of some of the [---]s. These were either patriotic, or devotional and one [---] which all the assembly joined, still sounds in my Each The chorus of each verse ended "The Saviour's feet, the Saviour's feet." stole away about twelve; but the party did not [--]ak up till one. The supper? Oh, they do not ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B28_F5_I1_p152.jpg) [-]ave suppers generally at these parties. On this [--]casion our dinner had been turned into a ban- quet; the long dining room at our Mrs Snow's [---]ing been decorated and a feast spread in our [--]nour there, before the ball. I think about thirty [---]sons were at the table. The ordinary balls at St George are given the wars in turn. Tickets of admission are sold the tithing office, and after deducting five dollars the band, the remainder of the proceeds are [---]ed over to the Bishop of the Ward for the poor [---]er his care. It is his duty to provide work recent immigrants, and homes and food until [---] become self-supporting. As this unpaid [---] necessarily consumes much time, the Bishop is [--]tly assisted by the Female Relief Society of each [---]d who are bound to acquaint themselves individu- [---] with the condition of their immediate neighbours, and ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B28_F5_I1_p153.jpg) [---]s call in their turn upon the Bishop. He is not [---]sed from personal investigation into the cases him- [---]f nor do the women of the Relief Society merely [--]rt to him. They hold what we call Dorcas [---]tings, not only for the poor but for overworked [-]thers who are not called poor, but who cannot [---] a servant. "Help", "hired help", is hard to [---]n in Utah. In Salt Lake City the "Gentiles" [---] one wife, can easily outbid the Saint who must [---] six times as many servants for his households. [---] all the Utah women do a large share of the [---]sework themselves, and of course a friendly hand [---]d in the "fall sewing" is a great comfort. [---]in, the Relief Society details members to sit up [-]uccession with the invalids in the Ward. [---]st now they are organising a plan to get the [---] aws of the neighborhood to come in at certain [---] to be taught to cut out and sew. Their most ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B28_F5_I1_p154.jpg) mbitious effort in that line at present is to take piece of calico or flannel, double it the length of [-] garment needed, cut a hole for the neck. d sew the sides up partially, leaving a slit at lower end for freedom in walking, and another the top for the arms to go through. squaws gladly wear cast off dresses when they [-] get them. I saw one today who was employed carrying water for a big wash in one of the houses. splashed the water over herself with entire un- cern, so that her single garment clung to her like athing dress. Her little girl followed her, carrying ttle brass pail of water with such an expenditure [-]ertion that she had burst the seam of her [-]y little robe almost to the arm-pits, and showed whole of her wee bronzed legs at every step. But offended against decorum in one respect, she was fully careful in another, covering her head and ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B28_F5_I1_p155.jpg) 141 oulders with an old blue veil, which ever and anon ated off. Then down went the brass pail, whether pty or full, while she re-adjusted the veil, and trotted after her mammy. Poor mother, she wed her whole range of brilliant teeth in delight hen we stopped to admire the small coquette; and sketched her portrait. [--]turday- 18th. There was a meeting today at the [-]ernacle on the subject of Co-Operation, but I tired and lazy, and did not go. K. is suf- ing as he has not done since we left home, and depresses me. nday 19th. A brilliant day. There were to be two tings, but K. and the boys only attended the t, and I went alone to the second. he bread was blessed, and while they were handing round, an elder at a hint from "Brother Brigham" e to speak. He began an excellent address on ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B28_F5_I1_p156.jpg) subject of Co-operation and presently paused to quire if they were ready to bless the water. "Not "Not yet", was the reply. had fairly warmed into his subject again, when e stood up to announce that were ready now. He [-]used, keeping his subject in mind; but the stupid [--] instead of pronouncing the prayer of consecration mself waited for poor Elder - to do so. The ort to change recall his thoughts was too much him; he broke down three times in repeating it, d nearly cried with mortification, nor could he p his voice from time to time from faltering ing the remainder of his address. od soul! He confessed to K. afterwards that he had ived it a chastisement for his vanity, having ffered his thoughts in the first meeting to stray [-]n Brother John's address towards the arrangement his own argument, instead of waiting for inspiration. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B28_F5_I1_p157.jpg) [---]pired or not, he spoke excellently well, and I for thought he lost nothing by not having paid at [---]tion to Elder John's humming and hawing in [---] early meeting. Brigham Young then rose, and taking [---] Book of Mormon up read aloud the Prayer of Con- [---]ration and rebuked those who had laid on the [---]ther a second duty while his mind was full of [---]st. He then alluded to the recent improvement in own health, and the almost entire recovery of his [---]. He has a wonderful voice, and a very [---]ct enunciation. He seems to be using only an [---] conversational tone, yet is distinctly heard at the [---]st part of the Meeting, while his tones are not too [---] for the hearers close to him. [---] said that he had spoken for an hour and a [---] yesterday, and thought that he must have ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B28_F5_I1_p158.jpg) [---]toned the crust got the rough off. [---]t the rough of the crust off their hearts; but it was [---]dent that the–what should he call it–mist? [---]l? cloud? wall? was between them still. He [---]uld keep on day after day warming them till [--]eir ears were unstopped: they didn't seem yet to [---]ve the wax melted! His text would be Co- [---]eration. Co-operation! They might forget it [-]hen they went away, but it would be his text [--]xt time they met, until they did hear. This People was the best People that ever [---]ed. There were plenty of good individuals of other [---]eds: thousands of good Catholics—Here there [---] a little incredulous movement through the [---]gregation. He looked at them over his spectacles [--]d repeated the statement with emphasis–"thous- [---]ds of good Catholics; devout and prayerful, ful- [---]ng every iota of duty as they realised it; thousands ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B28_F5_I1_p159.jpg) [-]f good men and women of other creeds to whom [---] portion of the Spirit of God was given; who [-]ad good dreams < both shadows & sunshine that suffered though if they could not inform them> and so forth. But the [---]acle they believed in was closed: the respon- sibility laid upon the Saints was infinitely greater, for they were receiving a <[--]est> Revelation now. He had never said that as a people [---]ey had backslidden. Individuals had, but [-]he Saints as a people were better than they [-]ere thirty years ago. Not as good as they ought [---] be, but–and he appealed by name to several present–would they have given a deed of their [---]rm, gone out in the wilderness-done this or that as cheerfully at Joseph's word as they did [---] his? And he wasn't as good a man [--] Joseph. He didn't mean that he didn't try [--] live his religion and to keep from sin; but [--]at Joseph was a natural prophet with the ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B28_F5_I1_p160.jpg) Do this really well D[---] Village Bunyan &c ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B28_F5_I1_p161.jpg) gifts of foresight and insight. The latter he [-]ossessed himself, but he was no Prophet, only [---] apostle. When had they ever known his [-]ords to be falsified. They could not be, for God spoke by him. He reproved the people of St George [---] craving riches in mines, etc, and not culti- [---]ating those beneath the gro their feet- Not brother or sister but would rush after a picayune [-]tumbling over the twenty dollar pieces under [-]ir feet. He pictured the wealth resulting [---]m the conversion of pitch pine into coal, of [-]aking rope from the top of the yuse (yucca?) [-]d of washing powder from its root; from raising of cotton and sugar and the weaving [--]tton cloth. [--]ld, Gold! They hankered for Gold! [---] Gentiles were getting out gold from the hills? ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B28_F5_I1_p162.jpg) True, but it was all for the Saints! When [-]he set time should come, and God had given [-]hem flocks and herds and houses; they would purchase the land of Zion, and the earth [-]ould open her bosom and they would dig [---]t gold for plates and dishes, yes, even for [--]ving the streets of Zion. Was he wrong <[--] sure that have busy way after> to harp on Wealth? He [--]uld show the other side of the picture. He [--]uld say for this people that if he asked [---]m rather than abandon their faith to [---]k dens and caverns of the earth; promising [--]m only water and a little bread and some- times a mouthful of antelope meat, they would [--]oose this rather than Babylon. Here there was so decided a hum of assent [--]at it broke the thread of his argument. [--] listened, tapping his gold spectacle case on ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B28_F5_I1_p163.jpg) [---] the table before him, and then as the murmur died [--]y, he smiled and said. Brethren and sisters, I don't know but that it is too [--]dicrous a simile, but you must pardon me for [--]ying that to see a Saint aiming to be a Saint and [--]t lusting for riches, striving for earthly treasure, is [--]e seeing a cat pulled by the tail across a rag carpet." He then closed with an allusion to Brother John's [-]ffort in the morning, saying that he had striven to have the Spirit, but could not move the people. Walking home with Sister–an lovely [--]erly woman, but still lovely, I ventured to hazard few questions upon the sermon we had heard. I wanted [--]ind out whether she was disposed to abandon the [--]rch for distant picayunes if favour of coining the [--]llars B.Y. referred to: whether, in short, the Saints [--]d abrogated the right to their own opinions and deemed [--]n absolutely infallible . She said frankly ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B28_F5_I1_p164.jpg) [--]at while she knew nothing as to the other industries [--]ferred to, her long residence in Southern California had taught her that Brother Young was confounding [--]o different plants. The soap plant used in St [--]orge is not the valuable one of California, from [--]ich ropes and mattresses are also made. But, [--]e said "He has energy and perseverance enough if [--]e experiment fails, to try another until he does [--]cceed in introducing a manufacture that will [---]y." She told me of her own efforts to intro- [---]ce the best grapes and other fruits and to keep [---]. She said that —I had heard it said of her [--]re—that she was a first class gardener, but that [---] capabilities were thrown away here, where there [---] no market for her produce. I asked her why [---] came, and her beautiful eyes flashed as she [---]d, "Because I have Hope and Faith. When [---] wanted colonists for St George, I said 'Here am I, ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B28_F5_I1_p165.jpg) [---]d me.' And mind you, Mrs K. I don't repent. [--]ly", and she laughed outright "when you come to the house I live in now, you will not give more than my share of credit if you hear me as one of the first volunteers for the new [--]lement in Arizona. A tumble-down shanty is [-]apital thing to make a Saint sit loose to the [--]ld." Heigho! I wish the time had come when profitable industry was found! I feel as one does sees a spider, spinning out a grand web in the [---]lour on Friday afternoon, before Saturday brings the [---]semaid's broom. Its supplies of web-material are [---]ited, poor thing, and it and its labours will so soon appear. If one could only warn it to seek some that would be unmolested! [---] people is lavishing labor for too trifling a return. suppose as a faithful niece of my Uncle Sam, I ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B28_F5_I1_p166.jpg) [--]t to laugh in my sleeve at their efforts, as I think [--]w their perseverance may at last subdue difficulties [---]d bring the untamed burning soil into mellow [-]roductiveness, and protect feeble artificial industries, the cost of their own time labour and capital until [---]y are strong enough to live. Then, we'll come and drive them the accursed [--]mons out, to make new combs of honey in still [--]oter deserts for us to eat in turn. [--]ut how glad Uncle Sam should be to have [--]e tamed, civilised settlers come to subdue the [---]t and make it blossom; so that it will help [--]eed his miners instead of having the savage [---]sts who usually pioneer ahead of civilisation! The children ran out to meet me, having [-]nd their afternoon intolerably long. They had a [--]lession to make. Was it wrong to draw pictures? [-] had done so towards the end of the time, because ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B28_F5_I1_p167.jpg) [-] were afraid they could not help being cross [--]th having nothing to do. I re-assured them [--]d took them out for a walk which we enjoyed [--]atly. Lettice S. [--]an 20. Elder P. much to our regret has received [--]ers to go on a mission. Only a day or two ago was planning his occupations for the spring, and [--]ulting in the idea that he should for once be at [--]ne to see his plants bud blossom and bear fruit. had read us passages from the letters of both his [--]ves (!) breathing their longings to have him back as [---]y were anticipating "for a longer visit than [---]al" as one sarcastically observed. But he [--]es his disappointment bravely, and though cast [--]n and silent at breakfast time, began over the [---]per table to talk hopefully of seeing his sister England once more, and of his unhoped chance of a peep at the Vienna Exhibition. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B28_F5_I1_p168.jpg) I wish I had half as cheerful a confidence in Heavenly Providence as he has in the omnis- -cient wisdom that despatches him! It is a little bit like the way good Christians strive to see the blessings reserved for them in what are apparently unmixed calamities. After he left us in the evening, one of the best dancers at the Military Ball, came in from his shoe shop to give us some information about the Indian prophet. I have heard Colonel Hardy is a missionary and interpreter to the Pi-edes here. If I am not mistaken he bears the little of Bishop also. His duty is what I suppose that of a resident Indian Agent should be, to explain and adjust all misunderstandings and quarrels between the whites and Indians of the neighborhood. He has been among the Indians almost all his life, having originally ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B28_F5_I1_p169.jpg) come here eighteen years ago on a Mission while quite a lad. He preached among the Indians until his health failed, but returned with the first settlers. He says I told him that some of the Brethren who were over at Tocquer (a settlement about eight miles from here) last Sunday, brought back a story about an Indian prophet having arisen. I think it was at a Brother Nebeker's that old Mr. Lorenzo Young dined after meeting, and the young Indian who has lived at Nebeker's three years was brought in to repeat his determination to go away from Tocquer, because the Prophet had sent a runner to bid him leave that country and go to him in the Shebitz country. He said that he was sorry to leave Nebeker but that Tocquer and St George were going to be overwhelmed ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B28_F5_I1_p170.jpg) by an earthquake. I When it was over, he [-]aid naively, he would return to see if Br. Nebe- -ker was alive, and if he was he would willingly work for him, but go he must, now. Nothing that the Mormons could urge would shake his resolution. Then I rev mentioned that while we were at Nephi, Mr. Pitchforth mentioned that a band of Indians had assembled there in the summer, declaring that their prophet had bidden them come to learn good words. The Indian Agent had offended them mightily by obliging them to disperse. I asked Colonel Hardy if he knew more on the subject. He answered that last summer he was away from St George, "freighting", and when on Spanish Fork heard from some Utes camped there ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B28_F5_I1_p171.jpg) that there was an excitement among the Indians regarding a prophet. These Utes were of the same chief, Tabby-weep-up, as those who visited Nephi, though one Antero headed the band whose were so unceremoniously disturbed in sl disposed of. When Hardy reached St George he found there was trouble. Both Col. Pearce, the other interpreter and he were absent, and the settlers had failed to understand an Indian gathering. Indians from the Buckskin or Kah-a-bow-itsch mountain, from the Muddy River, and from the Shebitz country had assembled in great num- -bers. Owing to the want of grass they turned their horses into the fields among the standing crops. They meant no harm, Colonel Hardy insisted, with that blind partiality for his peculiar Indian flock that these Mormon missionaries seem to have. But the young men of the village ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B28_F5_I1_p172.jpg) were easily worked up to resent the trespass, and some who ought from their greater age to have known better, encouraged instead of restraining them. They "ran the Indians" right up the black ridge yonder, and then there was a fight. Two Indians had been seriously wounded, one of whom had died just before Hardy arrived, and one of the Shebitz and several Piedes of the neighborhood taken prisoners. The Indians were encamped on top of the mesa, like a swarm of angry bees, and things looked ugly for St George. Hardy went up alone among them, and was allowed to come into their camp unharmed–a proof, he said, of their originally peaceful inten- tions. They welcomed him indeed, and were willing to receive and give explanations, ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B28_F5_I1_p173.jpg) as soon as he announced that he had come to settle for the Indian that was killed. I asked the meaning of this queer phrase, and what the value of the Indian was reckoned at. He said he gave the squaw a gun, a horse and pair of blankets, and some clothing to the children. I suppose this would make the widow an eligible candidate for matrimony! He remained with the Indians five days, and then they quietly dispersed. They told him that a prophet had arisen in Si-ee Valley in the White Pine District. This is about 70 Miles North of Pioche, near what is known as Mormon cave. The prophet is of the Pah-ran-a- gatz tribe, Diggers speaking the Pi-ede language. He had sent a call to all the Pi-edes and to all others who wished to hear him, that he had ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B28_F5_I1_p174.jpg) received a visit from an angel, who had in- formed him that he was the same who some years before visited another Indian, and told him of his ancestry . His mission now was to inform those who would listen that the Great Spirit was about to destroy the earth and all who do wickedly. The prophet urged upon the Indians to listen to the in- structions of good men, to refrain from shedding blood and stealing, and he exhorted them to gather together to dance and sing for joy, for the day would soon come when they would be a less degraded and better people. They The Hardy says that the Indians gathered at St George as a central point in obedience to their prophets directions, and thence sent a runner to runners sent by the prophet. They were hanging round so long waiting for the return of delegations ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B28_F5_I1_p175.jpg) from each band who had gone to meet him, for the prophet himself did not come to St George. They inquired very anxiously from of Hardy respecting the mysterious Book. He, I think, though he did not tell me so, considered that they were divinely guided to seek information regarding the Book of Mormon which treats so much of the aboriginal Indians, Of course the Mormon missionaries have a great advantage over ours in being able to foster Indian reverence for their ancestors by teaching them out of Scriptures relating to them, instead of to to the unheard of Jewish nation. I asked Hardy what had become of the prophet and whether his teaching had had any effect. He said that the prophet continued to give his messages, and that the Indians came in on friendly errands more often than before. The She- ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B28_F5_I1_p176.jpg) bitz tribe he thought were behaving better than they had ever done, but they were naturally a degraded thieving set. That they were not of Hardy's own flock was an admission I scarcely needed to ask for. I asked him whether the prophet might not have been converted by some missionary He said, "Oh no, he is in one of the worst places ever to be converted in. I should say it is one of the roughest places on the American continent. What he says is as simple as Na- ture can make it." I wonder whether the agitation which so evidently going on among the Western tribes is something in the nature of one of our [-]evivals, no merely an excitement which will culminate in revolt against the whites. The ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B28_F5_I1_p177.jpg) Mormons are struck by the evidence of unusual intercommunion among the tribes near them. They however sympathise very strongly with those who go off their Reservations. Half the time they are not furnished with their treaty supplies, and would starve if they did not hunt; and as of course the game is better in the lands off the Reservation which they have not hunted over, they hunt where they can find it. To heir ideas of justice the failure on Uncle Sam's part to keep his bargain to the letter frees them to show laxity on their side. I asked Brigham Young about this prophet yesterday; whether he thought he was inspired. He said "No, it was only tags and <[---]> of old Mormon teaching that the man had picked up. If he was genuinely inspired–of course ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B28_F5_I1_p178.jpg) he would have been inspired to come at once to him, Brigham Young. Brigham Young is so shrewd and full of common sense that I keep forgetting he is a Mormon himself, and this answer, so natural a one from his point of view took me completely aback. I felt as if I had asked one lunatic his opinion of another! Br. Young introduce long piece Jan 21. We started out this morning to walk to the top of the mesa, but passing Mrs Lucy's house we saw her in the garden. She begged us to come in and let the children see the process of watering it. The result was that we spent a couple of hours there. At this time of the year there is no limit to the time allowed for watering, but later, when the crops start, each lot has but three hours in the twenty four allou assigned to it. The lots in the town are 80 x 160 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B28_F5_I1_p179.jpg) but most of the families own two. She has three, one of which is allowed to remain uncul- -tivated, so that she has nine hours water-time for the two lots. The time, she says, occurs to each in turn and when it is in the night-time the gardener stays up to superintend it, and at the end of the time wakes the man whose gar- -den is to have the benefit next. Her garden is the best looking in the village, and I suppose its arrangement is a model. From the acequia in the street, which runs very rapidly there are two troughs made of boards which traverse her lots, one in front, the other [-]bout the middle. At intervals there are "gates" [-]n the sides of the troughs–that is slices of board [---]tred out, and when replaced acting as valves which are kept closed by the pressure of the ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B28_F5_I1_p180.jpg) water. The gardener had flooded her little grass plot: he meant to let the water lie on it twenty minutes. Then he had set out a new strawberry bed, of dry runners planted in ridges; and when he drew out the "gate" the water trickled down the tiny channels successively. If the plants had been set out on a level bed, and the whole flooded at once, he said in answer to my suggestion, that the "mineral" in coming to the surface would have caked hard round the young plants and killed them. While we were watching the gardener Evy went back to our rooms for a book I wanted. [-]n his return he was embarrassed by a follower Pi-ede lad a year or two older than himself, who foll stuck to him inseparable as a shadow, singing ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B28_F5_I1_p181.jpg) and chatting in a low musical voice that sounded as if he were speaking Italian. Evy hesitated about entering the garden, thus accom- panied, but Mrs Lucy laughed and told him that no one minded "Tsjim" as he called him- self. She invited us to come and look at her grape arbour. One long trellis runs back some distance from the house, and she had several thousand vine-cuttings in a bed ready to [-]et out. She means to have a "pleached alley" all around the lot. She showed us with [-]t is under her arbour she says that she sleeps [-]t night in summer. I asked her if she was not afraid. "Not the least", she said gaily, "she was sure God would take care of her, and by the bye, she must show me her Blessing." ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B28_F5_I1_p182.jpg) I must not forget to ask for it. She has a very pretty garden, and part of her wee Estate is planted with thriving peach, plum, apricot and apple trees. Then she has another part set out with luzerne that yields six crops a year. She seemed so proud of it, and looked so elate in anticipation of the coming spring, whose sweet promise we already feel in the air, that I consider it was simply cruel in the gardener– coming up with his spade to let the water gain ad- mission to new channels) to elicit by his curt remarks, the cost of this luxuriant growth. One thousand cart loads of sand, and two thousand of earth had been hauled on to the lot by the previous owner, to make the rich [-]oam I saw, and fill up "the slough". Then ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B28_F5_I1_p183.jpg) it was under drained in every direction to carry off the water charged with "mineral" that perco- lated through it. Otherwise the "mineral" would poison all the choice plants. She showed us a deep ditch running toward the Clara, carrying off the outflow from her lots. Into it the smaller drains discharged. These are made of stones covered in with willow boughs and must be renewed every two o five years. She says that while the soil of the uptown lots like hers are improving, those lower down have had to be abandoned, because the mineral that was washed from above accumulated on them. How strong the water must taste down there! It is quite bad enough up here, clear and thirst-provoking as it is, rushing by in tiny channels in the sun!" ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B28_F5_I1_p184.jpg) I must say again I think Uncle Sam will stand very much in his own light if he drives out settlers so much disposed to "make a silk purse of a sow's ear", and really doing it too, in spite of the proverb! (Over page) Nothing would satisfy Mrs Lucy, but that we <170> should go in to see her mother, and her pretty buff walled cottage, a neat compact and comfortable home for her very small family. The thick walls make it cool in summer, and the smallness of her bedrooms is unfelt, because she and the little girls sleep under the vine trellis. then she has a wee hall, a well [-]mall furnished parlour and a large comfortable living room with a wood fire smouldering in the wide hearth before which her old mother sat rocking herself. A cat lay asleep at her feet. A door stood open, letting us see beyond the kitchen into the open sunshine where "Tsjin" crouched on the ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B28_F5_I1_p185.jpg) This is no green fertile Ireland. If our legislators succeed in pursuing an *English p[--] towards these people, the depopulated oa[--] will not furnish sheep parks to new lords the soil. Utah will become another Ariz[---] and the Mormons will be to some wiser Po[--] what the expatriated Irish are to us. "S.S. n. 34 "a government....to by persecution" "Extract * ? Whats bred us the bone will come within the flesh "O[---] policy" or not. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B28_F5_I1_p186.jpg) porch steps watching us, as we chatted with old Mrs Benbow. She claimed K. as an old acquaintance, saying that, when he lay ill at Winter Quarters in '46, orders had been given to save eggs for him, and that as very few of the Sisters had been able to bring off any hens in their haste, it had always been a matter of pride to her that she had been able to furnish a dozen eggs from her own stores in the wagon. K. explained that Capt. Allen, who led the Battalion off to Mexico, was his guest, and that the eggs were for his consumption. But it had been too long a favorite story with the old lady for her to relinquish the idea that those eggs helped to save K's life. She felt [-]s indignant as the "Friend of Humanity" when [---]e knife-grinder has no touching plea to offer, and [-]rotested that "anyway she sent the eggs to K. What ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B28_F5_I1_p187.jpg) he did with them she couldn't say, but she thought the Cap'n must have been very greedy if he ate them, with K. lying there so sick and feeble and unable to swallow their coarse food!" K. asked after his old friend her husband, who was a sickly man then himself. Mrs Benbow said that she had lost him soon after that time, but that she had been "favored" to raise her whole family. Mrs Lucy said that she was very young then, and did not remember K. She is an exceedingly handsome woman now, I think, and though at least forty has hardly a line of silver in her soft brown hair, and not a wrinkle or sign of coming age about her quick bright eyes and comely face. I forget exactly how she and her mother ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B28_F5_I1_p188.jpg) began their talk, but being both impetuous women, their alternate speech pictured a part of their history plainly enough, and as I thought it interesting description of the experience of the early Mormons I'll try to write it down. Mrs Biglows voice has that soft half Southern purr in talking, that I like, and when Mrs Lucy broke in with her excited vibrating tones, the old lady kept murmuring on an acquiescing ration of her daughter's speech, until a pause occurred when she "took up her parable again." My children and Lucy's sat at our feet, mouths ears and eyes open in their interest. I knew Evy was going to crossquestion me like "little Wilhelmine" in Southey's ballad, when I got home, and that my best defence for the our side would be met with but Things like this you know must be, Why, 'twas a very wicked thing ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B28_F5_I1_p189.jpg) "Mr. Benbow," the old lady began, "owned two good farms in Illinois. Like the rest he withdrew to Nauvoo, after Joseph's murder. But by direction of President Young he and his family as well as others returned to their farms. Her was twenty miles from Nau- -voo, near Pontoosuc. We had hardly reached there and untied our bonnets to rest ourselves, and I was thinking of beginning to get supper ready when some men came in." "They were our own neighbors", interposed Lucy, "Mother knew several of them." "Yes, yes," continued the old lady "I knew several of them; their voices and their looks too, though they had blackened their faces and put on [-]redicklous' clothes. They warned us to leave the house by Thursday evening that they ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B28_F5_I1_p190.jpg) might burn it. This was Monday. I said they surely might leave us longer time for my husband and four of the children were sick with the fever 'n ague. But no; that was all the time they would give." Mrs Lucy struck in, You remember, General, that after Joseph's murder Governor Ford put a guard into Carthage to protect it? Well, Father sent a gu my eldest brother right over to Nauvoo for counsel, and President Young bade him tell Father not to bring us all back to Nauvoo again, but to send over to Carthage for a guard. He was to get a friendly neighbor who was not a Mormon to make an affidavit that the attack was impending over us." "Well, the officer in command," resumed Mrs Benbow, "said he was real sorry, but he had had to detail so many guards, that he ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B28_F5_I1_p191.jpg) couldn't spare one to Mr. Benbow. My son had now to ride over to Nauvoo, for President Young had told him if the officer didn't give him a guard, he would send him some of the brethren from Nauvoo! "Mother and Father were terribly anxious" when Thursday came," interrupted Lucy. I shall never forget it. Father was old, 25 years older than Mother, and was very sick. As night came we felt worse. Brother had lost so much time going from Nauvoo to Carthage and then back home for the affidavit, that he had not been able to let us know what had happened. Father calculated that if he got a guard in Carthage, he'd be back by sunset. If he had to go on to Nauvoo, it would be after dark before he could come. When it grew dark we knew we need not hope for help from over ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B28_F5_I1_p192.jpg) Carthage way. Mother put the children to bed in the front room, and hung quilts over the windows. Then we sat and watched in the kitchen; at least Father and Mother did, but I was too restless, and kept moving about between Mother and the children. I thought our old clock ticked louder than I ever heard it, though it seemed to go slower. I was only fourteen then, and very excitable, or was it fifteen, Mother?" "Fifteen that month, dear," said Mother tran- -quilly, although she had dropped her knitting, and tears are dropping one by one. "At last," said Mrs Lucy, "Mother cried "I hear them!" Mrs Benbow struck in now "It was someone saying "I'll go round and see if they've cleared out: if I can find the door." ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B28_F5_I1_p193.jpg) "Of course" went on Lucy "Brother could not have been with that party, we knew. Father had a rifle of his own, and President Young had sent him a double-barrelled pis- tol bidding him protect himself with that if the worst came to the worst; and after that message Father would have died on his own hearthstone before he would have given up. Father went to the door, and leaned against it. Presently some one outside fumbled at the latch. "Who's there?" Father asked. "Let me in!" said a strange voice, and then the person pushed the door, but Father pushed it shut still, calling out "Tell your business and let me know what you want in my house!" The man kept on pushing without saying any more. Of course we were sure it was the mob-leader. Father tried all he could to ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B28_F5_I1_p194.jpg) keep the door shut, but it had neither lock nor bolt." "Yes," said Mrs Benbow "he and I both tried to keep the door to, but the man pushed and squeezed till he got inside." "Then," Mrs Lucy interrupted, speaking very eagerly, Father said, "I ask you once more!—Tell me your business!' He answered 'What do you want to know for?' and pressed forward a step. Then Father lifted the pistol and fired, shooting him in the breast. He staggered and turned to the door, crying 'Here, boys, I'm shot!' Then he came in again, and Father fired the other barrel and was lifting the rifle when some of the men outside called out 'We've come from Carthage to protect you! Then the man, who was a Lieutenant as we afterwards found, said to Father. He was ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B28_F5_I1_p195.jpg) fearfully white, and the spot in his coat where it had been shot through was burning–for the cotton padding had taken fire–"Yes", he said 'I came to protect you, and see what you've done to me!' Father didn't often use such expressions but now he threw down the rifle, and caught the man as he staggered, in his arms. 'Oh my good God,' he cried 'what have I done! Oh why didn't you answer me, why didn't you tell me your business! I'd rather have killed my wife or one of my children than have shot you!' Mother and I spread up the bed in a minute it seemed, and the men lifted the Lieut. [---]n the it. Our kitchen was full of men that he had brought: one of them was a neighbour [--] ours who had acted as guide. We remembered it afterwards, but then we were too scared to ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B28_F5_I1_p196.jpg) think: indeed Father seemed like a man dazed with misery, and let himself be hustled about anyhow. The Lieutenant bade one of his men take his pistols and ride over to Carthage for his brother-in-law Surgeon Barnes, and bid tell him to come over quickly, for he was shot and didn't expect to live till morning. The man went out but came back imme- -diately saying the yard was full of men and horses." Mrs Lucy pausing for breath, her mother began to explain something, but her more voluble daughter almost instantly went on, "The signal for the mob was to have been a shot, and when Father fired they gathered, thinking it was the signal. Our neighbor stole out of the kitchen [--] door, and before the soldiers could stop him we heard a whistle blown twice, and then horses ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B28_F5_I1_p197.jpg) galloping off. The Lieutenant suffered horribly I had never seen a wound before, but I helped Mother nurse him all night, for he kept vomiting blood. I didn't feel frightened at the sight, except that it would make me turn faint and sick every time I thought he was an innocent man and that Father, my own dear Father, had killed him! He told us that he never imagined Father was armed. He supposed the house was in possession of the mob and that he could get in and identify some one of them before they could escape. It seems that after Brother left Car- thage the officer in command consulted with his friends, and they thought it would look very badly if an old sick man like Father was mur- dered when a United States officer with a command ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B28_F5_I1_p198.jpg) stationed so near had received the affidavit; so they sent off this Lieutenant Evans with four men as a guard. In the gray of the morning the soldier returned with Surgeon Barnes and another officer. What a rage Dr. Barnes was in! He went on as if he wanted to kill Father 'that damned Mormon' he called him, and abused us, Mother and me, though I am sure we had done our very best. But the Lieutenant spoke right up, and said it was all his own fault, Father had only acted as he would have done himself. Oh, he was a fine fellow that Lieutenant! His evidence cleared Father on the trial at once." "He recovered then?" I asked. "Yes, said Mrs Benbow "he recovered. I wondered whether the Surgeon Barnes could be the Surgeon General Barnes of later days, but they ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B28_F5_I1_p199.jpg) knew no more about him. They had an idea that Lieutenant became Colonel Evans. "He was a smart, lively man, very quick in his motions, and about your height, General" Mrs Benbow said, turning to K. "After Father talked with you first at Winter Quarters he came back to the tent and said 'That man puts me in mind of the one I shot.' "Your father was tried ?" I inquired. "Yes, and acquitted; but they tried to kill him before the trial." "They? Who tried?" "The Gentiles", Lucy answered. "You have no idea how bitter the whole country side was against us. Some who wanted to get our farms from us worked up the ignorant to believe all sorts of false accusations against us. They put Father in a cart. Mother ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B28_F5_I1_p200.jpg) went with him because he was so very sick. They dragged the cart to every place where the Mormons were most hated, and there stopped while the village people gathered round to abuse him, and sometimes they'd bid Mother get out till they'd hang him." "Yes," said Mrs Benbow, "it was dread- -ful. He lay with his poor sick head in my lap, but I would take no notice of them. I felt they would have no power to do him harm. I prayed so hard! And it was given me to feel the Spirit's promise that he should be safe." Mrs Lucy then said that after her father had returned home he was poisoned by the tenant of his other farm, by arsenic given in coffee, and that, although he recovered was not killed, yet his system received so severe a severe a shock that he was never the same man, ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B28_F5_I1_p201.jpg) and died soon after reaching the Valley (Salt Lake) in a paroxym similar to those he had after first being poisoned. I think that he was not poisoned. From the description they gave of his symptoms, and of the anxious distressed expression his countenance henceforward wore, I privately concluded that his anxiety of mind acting upon an enfeebled constitution had produced gastritis the first acute attack of which they attributed to arsenical poisoning. It shows however how miserable the condition of the Mormons must have been. to have fancied every man's hand against them." "Oh Mrs K!" Lucy said "Can you wonder that we feel hard when we anticipate the coming of the same troubles again in our own mountain valleys, our precious refuge that God opened to us, when we abandoned everything to our enemies and sought Him in the Wilderness? ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B28_F5_I1_p202.jpg) He gave it to us after all our hardships. I can't believe He will let us be driven out." She was thinking of the Bill now before Congress. Like most of the women she contemplates no other alternative giving up every- thing and going again into the wilderness rather than give up Polygamy; and her pretty garden and home are very precious to her. She spoke of the time when Camp Douglas threatened to shell the city . She was then living there in her husband's house, and her youngest child was a newborn baby. All the men had gathered at President Young's where a white flag was hung out. She of course couldn't move. "Sister Brignall came flying upstairs to my room. 'Oh Sister Lucy' she cried 'I have been so miserable about you. Were you not ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B28_F5_I1_p203.jpg) frightened almost to death?' "No,' I cried sitting up in my bed, 'No! Sister Brignall, not in these mountains! I can remember when Father and Mother and we children lay all huddled in one bed in a little hollow in the prairie, and saw the move [-]n the starlight against the sky, galloping all [-]round us; galloping about with their dogs in search of us to kill us. Do you think we didn't know that God was taking care of us! Do you think we didn't know that nothing but God's care kept them from seeing us, and we could hear them talking all around us! And now that we are here, here in these mountains–do you think I'm afraid? Not a bit of it! They can't hurt us! God won't let them!" I can remember the tones of her voice, and ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B28_F5_I1_p204.jpg) the emphasis of her words so well, but they write tamely when I cannot at the same time paint the handsome woman sitting proudly upright in her chair, a crimson flush on her cheeks and a specks of light scintilla- ting in her hazel eyes! It is hard to set down this faith of hers that God was taking care of them as a fancy: especially as I want to believe that He watches over me in the same indurdu special [--]rt of way. It is time to dress for a party. We have had a slender meal eaten at an early hour, for this party is to be a feast. We have received our ticket card of invitation printed in gold letters Annual Festival <1873> St George Gardeners' Club Mr and You are invited, with Ladies, to [-]ttend the Gardeners' Club Picnic Festival, to be held at ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B28_F5_I1_p205.jpg) St George Hall, on Tuesday Evening Jan. 21st. at 6. o'clock P.M." Evan and Willie must figure as K's other "ladies." [-]an. 22 I thought at first that the party would be a dreary affair, as I recognised no one among the few who were assembled in the upper Hall. All my friends were busied it seems down [-]tairs still, and we were not expected so punctually early. But as it seems to be etiquette "the party began" as soon as the Presidential party entered, and for a half hour at least Mr. Staines' opening prayer was followed by but one cotillion in the bald open space of the ball room. I was amused by the number of countrywomen to whom I was introduced. The Gardener's Club being composed of genuine practical gardeners, not amateurs, of course the Scotch love of the art showed itself by their being ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B28_F5_I1_p206.jpg) present in force. The women present were more plainly clad than those who are usually here, their clothing showing marks of poverty, but they were very bright and cheerful. Presently, in came my friend little Mrs McDiarmid with her her handsome brave looking giant of a hus- -band. She sat down by me, and we were soon lost in talk. She ha told me that she had brought some oat-cake to please my Scotch palate, as part of her contribution to the pic-nic, and a dis- -cussion of Scotch dainties and Scotch people ended in her telling me part of her story. I got at it end first, and I haven't heard it all yet, for the call to supper interrupted us, but seeing my interest in a [-] genuine Mormon love-story, she has promised to tell me the rest some other day. She is still goodlooking, with a trim active figure, bluish gray eyes, very white, pointed teeth, ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B28_F5_I1_p207.jpg) straight nose, decided mouth, good forehead and abundant black hair. In her youth she must have been more than goodlooking. Her accent is Scotch, but her speech good racy English. "Mc.Diarmid, she said "was the first male, and she the first female Mormon convert in her native town of Perth. She was made so unhappy in consequence of her faith, that she had to leave home. Indeed, her own mother actually said she "need never speak to her again." "Indeed Mother, I never will," she answered, and went away. An old lady, a friend of the family gave her letters of introduction to her son in Edinburgh, and Maggie herself had an uncle who had a foundry on the Calton Hill. So to Edinburgh she bent her steps. Her mother in the hope of driving her out of her 'Mormon ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B28_F5_I1_p208.jpg) notions' wrote to the uncle, forbidding him to give her a nights' shelter. Maggie having learned this never went near him. Through the old lady's son she obtained a situation in a place where they kept from five to seven servants. It was the house of a rich old lady who had married a beautiful young lady. She had married him to please her friends; and being very unhappy she had finally taken to drink, and was now shut up a prisoner in her own house to conceal her disgrace. Young as Maggie was he was put in charge of the nine children, with mother girl under her, and soon after coming there nursed them through the whooping cough. Then her wretched mistress was put under her care. She remained in this place two years, although her parents soon relented and begged her to ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B28_F5_I1_p209.jpg) come back, and her father's letters became urgent. In one he said "You don't know what good you may do." At first her only answer was, "You made my home no home to me: now, I've earned one for myself, and I'll not leave it." But the brethren wrote from Perth, telling her that her steadfastness in the faith had set her father inquiring into the Mormon doctrines, and they counselled her return. The Brethren in Edinburgh advised it too, and she doubted in her own mind whether it was pure independence that kept her away, and unmingled with spiteful pleasure, that her family, who were proud in their way, should be forced to admit that they had a daughter "at service". So she returned. In about three weeks her father was baptised and after an interval her mother and one sister. She thought she was to be entirely happy. But ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B28_F5_I1_p210.jpg) the peculiar experience of Mc.Diarmid and her- self drew them together, and when he became her lover, her home was more wretched than ever. He "Mother" she said "couldn't shole the idea of my marrying a Mormon, and a sister I had who was not of the faith scorned at me night and day." I asked her why her mother objected to her marrying a Mormon, now that she had herself been baptised, "Oh" she said "McDiarmid was appointed to be a missionary, and as he had to give up his occupation, and would earn nothing, of course he could not support me. He was to preach the Gospel among his own Highland folk and would have oatcake enough to eat, but that would be all. His mother too took the trouble to visit ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B28_F5_I1_p211.jpg) my married sister to remonstrate. She said that Hugh would be the first M'Diarmid that had married out of his own blood. They were all Finlays or M'Diarmids or Macrae's, and if he married me I'd just gang the gate he wanted, alluding to our faith. Well, we were betrothed two years. Then Hugh said to me that we were undergoing a needless trial, and that as we were young and strong to work, we had better be married, and be spared the constant flyting at us of our folk. I had by this time made an engagement to take another situation; not precisely as a servant, nor yet as a companion. A gentleman who had adopted our faith thought that if I was much with his wife my earnestness might bring her round, bitterly set against us as she was. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B28_F5_I1_p212.jpg) Mc.Diarmid wrote to him saying that we were to be married, but as we couldn't live together yet; would my being a wife pre- -vent my taking the situation. The gentleman wrote back that it would make no difference to him, but he had had so much difficulty in persuading his wife to admit me into the house at all that he would rather she did not know for the present. I did not acknowledge my marriage for the present. Oh but that was bitter to me! This is worse than all, I thought; to be married and to hide it as if we were ashamed of ourselves!" Well; we were married. For eight days we travelled from conference to conference among the brethren, and proud I was of McDiarmid, Then ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B28_F5_I1_p213.jpg) we had to part. McDiarmid came down on the stage with me to Blair-gowrie where this gentleman lived. He went on to one of the brethren's houses, and I stopped at my new place. The very next day the lady said to me, "Maggie, there's one of your Mormon elders come here, named McDiarmid, and your master has bid him here to tea the night." My heart beat! To this day I feel a swelling in my throat when I think of it! But I only said 'Yes Ma'am.' He's married lately they tell me, she went on and I said in my heart 'God help me through this!' as I answered 'Aye, Madam. I believe so.' She has told me since that she never suspected anything, but I felt as if she were ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B28_F5_I1_p214.jpg) looking me through and sneering at me in her heart, and the thought that I only kept the secret for her soul's sake didn't upbear me from feeling like a guilty thing. If I had only been sure I'd have spoken out and freed my mind, but the doubt made me go on answering her questions. She asked me if I ever saw his wife, and when I said yes, she asked if I had been at the wedding. I might have laughed if I had not been so frightened, when she inquired 'What sort of looking woman was she?' 'Oh, just an ordinary common sort of a body' I replied as indifferently as I could. She looked at me, and" Here Mrs McDiarmid was suddenly interrupted by a voice proclaiming the announce that supper was ready. Our ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B28_F5_I1_p215.jpg) names were then read off a list "President Young and ladies, General K. lady and sons and so on. We followed B.Y. and his two wives down to the ground floor where d numbe four long tables were set out, three running the length of the room and one across it. The ceiling is low, the walls bare and whitewashed the tables only boards laid on trestles and the seats common wooden benches. But the table cloths if not fine, were exquisitely clean, and the tables were covered with the products of Dixie, and the deep window recesses were piled high with contributions for which no room could be found. There were grapes gathered today–having been sheltered by dampened matting; and grapes gathered in the fall, a little dried but deliciously sweet. I thought them better than those which had been left on the vines till now. There were ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B28_F5_I1_p216.jpg) home-made raisins from every housewife's little store, bright coloured apples–and the Utah apples are as delicious as those one remembers tasting in childhood–hard and soft shelled almonds, figs pomegranates. So These were all the fruits, but they were prettily set out in baskets mingled with flowers, and there were plenty of vases of cut flowers, and blossoming plants in flow pots. If the Gardeners' Fes- tival had been strictly limited to the productions of the garden it should have stopped here, but the term was understood as broadly as in Eden, and accordingly we had abundance of honey, butter, milk, rolls of various kinds, every variety in short of cake, pies and bread, with preserves canned fruits and jellies. In short, although we had no we were better treated than Raphael was by Mother Eve. The night was ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B28_F5_I1_p217.jpg) sufficiently chilly to make us appreciate the advantage gained by the use of fire since her day, as the good things smoked upon the board or were brought in from the stove outside. "No fear lest dinner cool," in another sense from what our great Milton prosaically describes, but in another sense. There were several bottles of grape wine, which however, were only there in courtesy to K. President Young and the toastmaster also had wine glasses, but the healths were all drunk in fair water. Utah fashion there were at least as many women as men present; and of course the irrepressible Baby was there in force retiring modestly behind the maternal shawl for refreshment while Mamma serenely partook of the viands on the table. Utah fashion too, the Vice President of the Club was a woman, the Madonna-faced wife of the County ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B28_F5_I1_p218.jpg) Court Clerk. Utah fashion again, every man sat beside his wife or wives, with his daugh- -ters and their children, radiating from him, the central sun. The President and Vice President aided by the other members of the waited on the tables in a leisurely conversa- -tional sort of fashion, chatting with their guests, and pressing this or that dish upon their notice. We all–there were over a hundred of us, "helped ourselves and passed it along." There was a hum of conversation, and when the feast was over–my share of which was principally oatcakes, fresh butter, and "rabbit bush" honey–the toasts began. I don't remember them all. President Young and K. were the first, and then the President of this Stake of the Church. Each made a brief acknowledgement, the latter winding up by proposing ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B28_F5_I1_p219.jpg) "The health of the people of St George. May their cellars be full of wine, their barns full of plenty, their hearts full of freedom and their cradles full of babies!" This was uproariously cheered. Elder Staines made a long and eloquent speech, describing the first Gardener's Club festi- -val at Salt Lake City after their peach trees had been winter killed year after year; and the pride which they felt in being able to exhibit a half bushel of the fruit at last. With pardonable pride he spoke of the difference now, and the thousands of orchards and vineyards that were thriving in Utah at this date. He spoke of the thousands of different grapes they were faithfully experimenting upon down here, and then "dilating on a wind of prophecy" sketched ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B28_F5_I1_p220.jpg) the fruitful future of the Southern Dixie. Then he spoke of K. and me and of our boys here, and our absent children whom he wished were here, and in prophetic spirit declared that l we would be here many times again, to bless and to be blessed. I wish I could remember the expressions of grateful friendship he uttered regarding K. He wound up by thanking me in the name of the people of Utah for conquering prejudice and coming to see for myself what manner of people they were. I forget the order of the other speeches. Bishop Mc.Diarmid made a perfect little address K. said, but I did not pay attention being absorbed in watching his wife's proud flushed face of happy pride. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B28_F5_I1_p221.jpg) A tall young fellow with a great mustache made a speech beginning with the fact that from his earliest childhood he had been in the Church. One of his first recollections was of being carried across the Missouri at Council Bluffs; w with the pioneers. The wind blew his hat off, and for weeks afterwards, his parents being too poor to replace it; he was compelled to wear his sister's cast off sunbonnet. There was a roar of laughter at this, for he is peculiarly manly in his appearance, but he retained his own gravity. I don't think he meant to be funny, but merely to relate the trial which had fixed upon his childish memory the crossing of the Missouri; that Red Sea of the Mormons. He made me grave enough, too by the earnest simplicity of his Confession of Faith immediately afterward. I like to see a young man who is ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B28_F5_I1_p222.jpg) 2 If this is to be the last–it is certainly the greatest of the[-] S[---] (among these strange people.) I am writing out every word of it that I can remember. C[---] simply as a Speech, it was as complete and perfect in itself as any I have heard or read of. I think he wished to lower on my mind the impression that if he [---]ed it, he could excel in eloquence according to our standards as much as in his own. Is then his [---] greatness, his reckless the recklessness of his slump oratory a [---] mannerism? This speech last night abounded in pretty points, gracefully [---] and abounding in pretty points gracefully taken in the dining room line I did not detect a single sit[---]. In it least its logic [---] faultless: varied only enough to attract [---] attention it carried an argument with it from beginning to end. [-] points out to one that I have now heard this extraordinary [---] in three styles: the one which reads like the [---]graphic Reports of Address or in the Deseret News–my unequal in merit–and [---]ing a constant consciousness of his been listened to by [---] unfriendly auditors or [---] taken down by a [---] in short hand; a second, much more powerful; but cramped, as though he was repeating, by memory parts of a S[---] or the legendary ritual of a [-]odge, and [---] the unrestrained Tempest <[---] Torrent> of Eloquence in which we heard him indulge at [-] or Sunday Last. (An alteration of Blessings & curres in a [---] Tempest) I see I modified to [---] this. It was for half an hour–a perfect Tempest. As good a notice <[---]> as any with his sister–a [---] as we walked home with me after meeting. Sat Brother Young terrible in v[---] [---] 7. When he [---] the flood gates the threats & promises roll out of him [---] wrote st[---] in church But to return to the Party. After his Speech–The poor old Sentence & p(.2[--]!) ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B28_F5_I1_p223.jpg) no milksop, acknowledge that Life is his belief in an open frank way. He wound up by declaring his hope to preach the faith beyond the shadow of these bluffs. There were half a dozen other speeches, none of them lengthy, winding up with one by Brigham Young. He spoke of the pleasure we were enjoying and praised the women of St George peculiarly, who were content to stay at home and labour while the brethren were too often fond of gadding The thrift of the Sisters had made these gardens smile quite as much as the labours of the Brethren. But while he praised them he must give them a caution. It had been represented to him that some Sisters dissuaded their daughters from entering into families, where there was, or ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B28_F5_I1_p224.jpg) This is excellent: and it is a pity that it has been used before. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B28_F5_I1_p225.jpg) might be more than one wife. This was all wrong. Plural marriages were the order of the Lord. "I know how you feel. I re- -member when the dispensation was first made known to me. Till then I never knew that the grave was sweet. I'd pass up and down the street, wretched; and if a hearse passed by, I thought 'Oh that I lay there!' That passed. I received the Lord's will. It is His Will". The remainder of his speech was an eloquently spoken eulogium of his friend and the friend of the people. Poor Brigham Young. With such powers, what might he not be but for this Slough of Polygamy in which he is entangled! After his speech dancing began ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B28_F5_I1_p226.jpg) before 221 Instruction in copying pages 220 to 222, Omit this page entirely–repeated. The poor old gardener at Bishop Snow's, who would have been in a work-house at home in England probably, distinguished himself particu- larly. He had on a white waistcoat that nearly reached his knees, and his thin gray locks were combed back from a face beaming with happi- ness. "Oh ain't this splendid?," he said confiden- tially to Willie. "I think it's princely. Did you see me dancing?" No one could fail to see him, poor old soul, bobbing up and down in total ignorance of either steps or figures, gently pushed this way and that by his smiling partner, or handed to his proper place by the gentleman opposite. No one laughed at him: there were smiles enough, but they were such as those with which friends watch a child's first tottering steps. And among his partners that evening I noticed two of Brigham Young's wives, who had put the keystone on the poor gardener's felicity by volunteering to dance with him. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B28_F5_I1_p227.jpg) [Written sideways in margin next to following paragraph "omit"] [* The poor old gardener who at Bp Snow's, who would have been in a workhouse at home in Engand probably, distinguished himself particularly. Some one He had on a white waistcoat that nearly reached his knees, and his thin gray locks were combed back from a face beaming with happiness. "Oh, ain't this splendid, he said [---] again upstairs, and was continued till after one o'clock.*] Mrs McDiarmid and I sought each other out again. Her big boy came and begged her to dance with him, but she declined, observing that she had already refused to dance with his father. Looking across the ballroom I observed that the Bishop's present partner was no taller than Mrs McDiarmid himself, and said to her that his taste seemed to run on small women. She answered seriously "Well; no. He has one very tall wife." "Oh-h-h!" I exclaimed in great astonishment for I had fancied that she was an only wife. Then I tried, not very successfully, to turn the exclama- -tion into a cough; for she smiled in answering my question, "How many has he?" "He has had five, but one is dead." ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B28_F5_I1_p228.jpg) I was for the moment too much disconcerted to beg her to resume her story, as I had intended, and instead asked her my favorite question: Did she think, that if the marriages now existing were legalised, the women would be willing to abandon Polygamy for the future? She answered emphatically, No! Not the good women! Of course, there were women here as elsewhere who were dissatisfied with the existing state of things, and who would be dissatisfied with any state of life. "Were women generally happier"? I asked, "where all the wives lived together in one house, or each by herself?" Her own experience was that they were happier together. If a man governed his wives according to the Gospel, and they tried to live up to their religion, they were far ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B28_F5_I1_p229.jpg) confidintially to Willie–"I think its princely! Did you see me dancing!" No one could fail to see him, poor old soul, bobbing up and down in total ignorance of either steps or figures, gently pushed this way and that by his smiling partner, or handed to his proper place by the gentle[---] opposite. No one laughed at him: there wer[-] smiles enough but they were such as those [-] which friends watch a child's first tottering ste[-] And among his partners that evening I n[--] two of Brigham Young's wives who had p[---] keystone on the poor gardener's felicity by vo[-] to dance with him. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B28_F5_I1_p230_T3RH2XH.jpg) I was for the moment too much disconcerted to beg her to resume her story, as I had intended, and instead asked her my favorite question: Did she think, that if the marriages now [-]xisting were legalised, the women would be willing to abandon Polygany for the future? She answered emphatically, No! Not the good women! Of course, there were women here as elsewhere who were dissatisfied with the existing [-]tate of things, and who would be dissatisfied with my station of life. "Were women generally happier"? I asked, where all the wives lived together in one house, or each by herself?" Her own experience was that they were happier together. If a man governed his wives according to the Gospel, and they tried to live up to their religion, they were far ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B28_F5_I1_p231.jpg) happier together". "Did they not interfere with the discipline of each other's children? I inquired. "Suppose for instance that you were putting her baby to sleep in a room where another's wife's child was playing; who kept awaking the infant by its noise. Would she be justified by What would she do?" Mrs McDiarmid answered "If Well: that wife if she was a sensible woman would remember: it may be my child next time interfering with hers tomorrow, and she would act accordingly; dealing as she would wish to be dealt by." "Do you ever punish the children of another wife?" "I think" she returned "that you will un- derstand how things stand with us best, if you ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B28_F5_I1_p232.jpg) will consider how you would act with your your own sisters' children. You might feel free to do it with those of one and not with those of another. All women are not alike. Now, I'm quick tempered, and I have often lifted my hand to the children of the others as I would to my own to threaten them if they were doing wrong. Yet I can't say I would just like one of them to touch a bairn of mine! But our children all feel the same affection for each other as if they were own brothers. This is owing to Mc.Diarmid's just government. He has treated all exactly alike. That big boy of mine never thinks when he picks up one of the babies to dandle, whose child it is: he feels it is ours. Mc.Diarmid has had sixteen boys and but one girl. Her mother doesn't seem to have the knack ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B28_F5_I1_p233.jpg) of governing. Therefore Betty follows me more and clings more to me than she does to her own mother. I have had eleven boys in seventeen years, and of course the girl is a very refreshing variety to me." "Will you forgive me for asking you," I said whether it is possible that you did not feel bitterly at the partition of the property you helped to earn?" I scarcely liked to ask her this; and I did not venture to ask how she bore the partition of the hus- band's love. She answered the spoken ques- tion however. "Yes, I felt bitterly at first. Such thoughts frequently came up. After those first days I did not live with M Hugh for over a year. He was a missionary preaching without purse or scrip, and would often come back to me without a shoe to his foot. It was my pleasure to earn my wage and ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B28_F5_I1_p234.jpg) clothe him from head to foot. For five years we had no child and I worked hard and felt as if I earned a half-penny of every penny Mc.Diarmid earned. But I prayed till dif- ferent feelings came to me. I thought "Well, if I have enough to feed and clothe my boys, and teach them to live up to the Gospel till they can earn their own living, they will be as well off as Hugh and I were before them; and what Hugh does with the rest at his death is no concern of theirs. They'll get more than their parents did." "I must admit, however", she went on, that some of the other Sisters say I know naught of the trials of Polygamy. My word, though! I'd have slapped any one's face twenty years ago that dared to tell me, I'd submit to what I have submitted to." This she flashed out with a blush that ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B28_F5_I1_p235.jpg) crimsoned her face till her eyes burnt; but she immediately afterwards smiled without effort, as she caught her husband's eye looking at us over his partner's head. They nodded goodhumoredly to each other, and she went on, "Mind, I haven't the least fault to find with McDiarmid. He has always considered my feelings and treated me with the utmost respect as the head of the family." "Is the first wife, then, looked upon as the head of the family?" "Oh yes, in all well-governed families. A man gives information concerning the family affairs, and directions con about them to the his first wife, and she rules and issues directions in accord- ance. There would be endless difficulties otherwise. It is naturally proper and is done just as a widower among you naturally treats his eldest ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B28_F5_I1_p236.jpg) daughter as the head of the family." "Well, but," p I insisted "how is it if one wife is grasping or covetous, or overbearing: must the rest yield to her?" "No. That is his business. He must govern his wives properly." "Ah", persisted I, "Suppose that he is weak or unduly under her influence?" "If he lives according to the Gospel, and she lives according to the Gospel, it cannot be. But now suppose a similar case among you where a widower, or a husband permits himself to be unduly influenced by one daughter or a second wife. Of course there are weak men and unscrupulous women everywhere. Would you therefore draw the inference that a man might never marry twice, nor control his own property?" I could not help laughing as I retorted ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B28_F5_I1_p237.jpg) that I was by no means sure what I would do if I were "Queen of France or still better Pope of Rome" –endowed with lawmaking powers. Our conversation was broken into at this point by some one coming up to speak to me, but before we parted she asked me to come over to see her. She said she was not at home here yet, but only visiting the rest of the family. Until lately they had all lived with her, but when Mc. Diarmid was sent to St George it was not convenient for her to leave their big elder boys alone on the farm and she had stayed behind. She had thoroughly instructed Effie, Hugh's second wife, and she had managed the new household well. So well, indeed that though Effie had begged her to resume the keys of office, she had said No. She was only a visitor, and would just see how the young ones managed, and do nothing herself but knit ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B28_F5_I1_p238.jpg) stockings. One little incident more I remember that showed unconsciously how thoroughly she had "mortified the flesh" at the call of imagined duty, or else how devoid of jealousy she was . I don't think it could be the latter, for she is evidently quick tempered and very warm-hearted. I can only realise a wife's being contented to have her husband married to another if she has ceased to care for him herself, so that it is a matter of indifference to her where his affections are. But Mary McDiarmid and her husband were on very different terms. There is something in their manner to each other which, if they were not Mormons, would gladden the heart of an old novel reader like myself as a proof that after twenty years of wedlock; there could still be married lovers. The incident, after so long a prelude is perhaps hardly worth ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B28_F5_I1_p239.jpg) recording, but here it is. After supper I had thanked her for her oat-cakes, and we agreed that, say what the Americans might in contempt of our coarse food nothing could be better than Scotch Short Bread, and Scotch wedding cake. She was quite delighted to meet one who could appreciate the delicious nougat that is interposed between the icing and the plum-cake in the latter, and told me that she had been so glad to find that a Scotch brother in S.L. City knew how to concoct it. She had ordered one as a wedding present –to her husband's last wife! The wife had kept a piece of it that "we" might see whether it was not true, that it would remain good for many years. The first wife gives the husband to the new one. I cannot realise how she can bring herself to do so. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B28_F5_I1_p240.jpg) EMMA SMITH Wednesday Jan 23. Looking in the Mormon Book of Doctrines and Covenants I see that "Joseph" gets over the difficulty that may arise from the stubbornness of other Emmas, by a revelation to the effect that if she refuse her consent to a plural marriage on her husband's part; he shall still go forward and marry. That is his duty; and as she refuses to do hers, all the penalties that are the consequence must fall upon her head. These are purely spiritual I believe, and room for repentance is offered. For Joseph dearly loved Emma, there is no doubt; and if the stubborn woman would yield her consent to the sacredness genuineness of the Polygamic Revelation the Mormons would count no offering too great to be laid at her feet. How curious it is, that she persists in denying it, and yet is equally staunch in her assertion of the genuine- ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B28_F5_I1_p241.jpg) -ness of her husband's mission in other respects. Last night, I came home earlier than the rest of the party to put my boys to bed. Our lamp had been carried over to the Hall, but there was moonlight enough in the room from the win- dows of the ballroom across the street. The boys fell asleep immediately, and I groped my way into my own room , intending to go quietly to bed. The children's door stood open, and Sister Ellen and her kind old husband paused outside lantern in hand as they passed on their way to their own quarters. "The little fellows might wake and be lone- -some" said she, and they came in, and placed their candle on the table, and then tucked the bed clothes round them sleepers, and kissed and blessed them before they stole away in the dark ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B28_F5_I1_p242.jpg) with their empty lantern. Truly "the barbarous" people show us much kindness." President Young and some of the other head men have gone to Tocquer–I don't know whether I spell the Indian word rightly: it means Black–to meet the party who are to reconnoitre towards the St Francisco Mt. in Arizona. They receive their final instructions and then launch boldly into the Colorado Desert. The Bishop of Kannarra heads the little band. "That dreary windswept settlement will be more desolate than ever, for there will be no news of the Head until he returns to Kanab: unless they come across some Indian runner. We took a drive this afternoon with Elder Staines, meaning to visit a spot in the Clara field where the wash of the river has laid bare an Indian burying place. Although ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B28_F5_I1_p243.jpg) we did not find it, we enjoyed the excursion very much, as we drove hither and thither in the little valley. Sometimes we climbed the low sandy hills at the foot of the bluffs, the children picking up quantities of bright bits of selenite, moss agates, porphyry and other sh unfamiliar stones, and broken pieces of pottery with which the tops of the hills are profusely strewn. I don't know whether these low hills were selected as more easily defensible by the ancient people who dwelt there, or whether they are the old banks of the river. Travellers describe such hills as rising beyond the banks of the Jordan, and call them the former banks of the sacred river. The Evy drew several of the pieces of pottery when he came home. They are orna- -mented on the inside with figures in black ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B28_F5_I1_p244.jpg) on the red or gray ground of the clay: patterns in frets, or straight lines with angles. no curves or circles. The black colouring seems to have been put on before the thin glaze. It ought hardly to be called glaze, the surface being as smooth as sized paper, but unpolished. Some coarses pottery was ornamented on the outside with a pattern in relief like a pineapple cheese. When we descended the hills, we followed narrow road after road following the main irrigating channels of the field: a field containing about four thousand acres! It is enclosed in some places by a wattled fence, sometimes by a rough stone wall, and includes bluff and hill side as well as arable land. Here and there we passed a deserted hut, or a withered bowery. In the summer the brethren ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B28_F5_I1_p245.jpg) camp out while they are harvesting, as the insufferable heat would keep them from going to and from St George daily. Some of the huts were built to enable the brethren to comply with the U.S. land law requirements. They had their fields enclosed and their ch canals dug away from the settlement where the land was good, and when the law was put in operation, requiring actual settlement on the lands they had to divide the fields into quarter sections and put up huts in which they dwelt until the time was up. They cannot cultivate all the land they have enclosed, but the cost of fencing in the canals and the arable spots separately would be too great. So that we wandered over many an acre of sand, or lava boulders volcano burnt between the patches of cotton and sugar cane ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B28_F5_I1_p246.jpg) Sometimes we could scarcely force away between the encroaching thickets of willow and cottonwood, and dry rustling reeds that, springing up along the course of the irri- -gating canal, threatened to obliterate the husbandmen's narrow lane. Here and there we came suddenly between high hedges on a plot of bright green luzerne level as a fairy's ball-room. Again we would see at a distance the ploughs at work making furrows half a mile long in rich black loam; and almost immediately our horses would scarcely be able to drag us through the deep sand on the river's bank. Rounding the point of the Black Mesa that rises between the Clara Valley and the small plain of St George, the Elder bade us be on ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B28_F5_I1_p247.jpg) the lookout for the pictured rocks, which, he had heard were just under the Mesa. Almost immediately we saw them. What a disappointment! I had imagined some sc sculptures like the temples of Denderah. Here was nothing but a parcel of loose black boulders that had rolled at some distant day partly down hill from the cliffs above. On them were hundreds of scratched hieroglyphs, that had been done by some instru- -ment hard enough to penetrate through the black surface to the lighter coloured stone beneath. We all proceeded to copy them, and upon comparing notes I am bound to say that the children's drawings were more like the real thing than ours. We had been led by our imaginations to draw what we ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B28_F5_I1_p248.jpg) thought the artists designed, whereas the children simply copied "a wheen skarts" as their old nurse would have said. There were things like upright toads, which might be men, animals with tails that waved for twice their own length, lizards and snakes, circles and catharine wheels; and these were unmis- -takable, but when K. produced a drawing of a chalice, a paten, a cross and the upper half of a man with his arms raised in the act of consecration; and I compared them with the sculpture on the original stone, I declared it was a case of "Bil. Stumps, his mark"; and that it no more referred to and that he would never have seen all that in it if he had not known the tradition of the early Jesuit Fathers penetrating here nearly 300 years ago. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B28_F5_I1_p249.jpg) Looking back on the Clara fields from the "bench" of the Black Mesa. I was impressed with the un-American character of the view. Far off on the opposite hills the white line of the old Spanish trail from the Vegas de Santa Clara was faintly marked, dis- -appearing from sight behind the swelling of the Lava River. The golden haze which so often fills the atmosphere here lent a sense of dreamy unreality to the landscape. Had the Elder pointed out the little group of people surrounding the Emigrant wagon that was coming slowly along the Trail, as the party of Naomi returning from the Moab mountains that Ruth might glean among these fields, I should not have been very much surprised. During my whole stay in Utah, I have found the poetry of the Bible running in my mind. I have felt myself to be living in that old Syrian world amid a people whose ways are like those of the ancient pastoral folk to whom God spoke– ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B28_F5_I1_p250.jpg) Isaiah spoke. They too had come out of Egypt in confident search of a Promised Land: they too had supplanted the wild inhabitants, and found themselves among the ruined traces of the ruined dwellings of older, forgotten races. When I came out of the sandy wastes of Utah upon the orchards [-]r vineyards of a Mormon settlement with its [-]ills of water led in from the cleft crevice of some [---]tern volcanic mountain, I seemed to myself to ee a new fulfilment of Isaiah's prophecy to the poor Israelites (XLI. 17.18.19.) When the poor and needy seek water, and there is none, and their tongue faileth for thirst, I the Lord will hear them, I the Lord will not forsake them. [-] will open rivers in high places, and fountains in the midst of the valleys: I [-]ill make the wilderness a pool of water, and the dry land springs of water. I will plant in the wilderness the cedar, the shittah tree, and [--]e myrtle and the oil tree: I will set in the desert the fir tree, the pine and [--]e box together; that they may see and know that the hand of the Lord hath one this, and the Holy One of Israel hath created it. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B28_F5_I1_p251.jpg) We rounded the Black Hill, and K. was anxious to persuade us to cross the Clara, and go on down the Rio Virgin, but we could not see any tracks on the bank denoting a ford, and while K. and Elder S. were searching for one, our young driver hinted that the horses and himself had long passed their dinner hour. So I recalled the wanderers and we jogged home through the St George plain. I was surprised to see that the enclosed field here had gone out of cultivation, but was told that there were too few men to cultivate both it and the Clara plain, and the latter having better soil and being better watered was chosen in spite of its greater distance from the town. The vacant lots at the Southern end of the village did indeed show a terribly disheartening crust of white salera- -tus. But the Elder maintained that the lowering of the bed now gave sufficient fall for ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B28_F5_I1_p252.jpg) trains to carry off the poisonous water from these lots all the way to the river, and that as to the insufficiency of water from the Springs the experience of the older settlements showed that after a [-]ertain amount of irrigation of the upper lands had been done, they not only required much less water to irrigate them but imparted moisture to the lower lands. The saleratus is eating away the walls and fences at the point [-]here the stone meets the earth. Above and below it is said to be sound enough, and these untiring people coolly contemplate picking out the decaying [---]erses stone by stone from every building and re- placing them by lava blocks. This evening K. and I were talking over Mrs McDiamid's story so far as I had heard it. He says I ought not to forget another love story which ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B28_F5_I1_p253.jpg) has struck me as a very sad one, and as it too is thoroughly Mormon I will write it down. I met the pair at a house where a few friends were [-]athered. In the course of the evening the lady, fragile girlish looking creature, with dark hair and great sorrowful looking brown eyes; rose and went to the piano, She sang "The long long weary way." Before the first verse was ended her hus- band came in from an outer room, and joining his voice with hers, sang it to the end. I never heard any- thing more pathetic than her tones as she sang He'd say "for me thou shalt be weeping, thy lone watch keeping. When at some future day, I shall be far away. Alas if land or sea, Had parted him from me. I would not these sad tears be weeping; But hope he'd come once more and love me as before And say, cease weeping, thy lone watch keeping." ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B28_F5_I1_p254.jpg) She was richly dressed, and her husband's gifts sparkled on her wasted fingers. He seemed very much attached to her; but I read in her tones a foreboding of a time when she would in her turn be neglected, and some younger wife entrance him. He was so youthful looking that I imagined the pair to be recent converts, and that the conprehension of the sacrifice that would be required of her, was just dawning upon her. The truth was sadder. He was a Mormon born, and zealous in the faith, and had been married when a lad to two rosy cheeked Mormon lassies. Then he had gone abroad as a missionary, and in the course of his travels had made an educated refined gentleman of himself. I do not know whether he, or Love, converted his third wife, or whether she had been converted ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B28_F5_I1_p255.jpg) before he met her. All her family however were bitterly opposed to Mormonism. After her marriage she suffered much from her mother's feeling that the marriage was no marriage at all, and her first child's birth was followed by a long illness that almost deprived her of life and reason. She recovered a portion of health, but my informant said was killing herself in her eager absorbing devotion to her husband. "She had fairly bewitched him," this person–a woman of course–contemptuously said. "Every one knew that his former wives were neglected, though they managed his farm and attended to all their duties, and were twice as pretty and twice as healthy. He had neither eyes nor ears but for her. His missionary du- ties carried him on long and perilous journeys. She accompanied him everywhere when her ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B28_F5_I1_p256.jpg) Congress* health was entirely inadequate to it, and (great enormity in Mormon eyes) had once weaned her young infant, and left it and her other children to a sister's care, while she accompa- -nied her husband across the Rocky Mountains. The censure of the Church was upon the infatuated pair, and it was thought she would stick at nothing to so surround him with her love that so entirely that his thoughts should never stray to the other wives. "Abra was ready ere he named her name, And if he called another Abra came." Her anxiety as to the action of Congress was painful to see. If, as I suspected* sometimes her faith in Polygamy was weak, what a terrible fate hers would be! Her only claim to a husband's love lay in Polygamy, and if a man should only be able to hold to ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B28_F5_I1_p257.jpg) one wife legally, her Frank must be torn from her poor passionate embrace and con- -signed to rosy placid Sally. And he? He is an affectionate gentle fellow, who is earnestly persuaded of the truth of his religion, and feels that he is not living up to it in this devotion to one creature. He might break his heart, or go melancholy mad, but he would still worship Brigham Young. And she? Poor thing! If she were but his first wife she might do her best to persuade him to run away. But out in the World she could not claim to be his wife, and his real first wife has done nothing to give a shadow of excuse for a separation. When she dies, as she will soon, they will feel as if Death, in coming to separate them, was cruel. But I think He will be merciful in ending the struggle of the passionate heart that cannot find content ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B28_F5_I1_p258.jpg) [The following is written sideways in the middle of the page] "Novem. 24. 1873" e.s.w. Nov. 30 K. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B28_F5_I1_p259.jpg) 249 or p. 255 I wish our Theologians as for p. 255 238 The letegraph has been reporting from day [--] day the coming toward us of a man who describes him- [--]lf confidentially at each settlement to the head men as an ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B28_F5_I1_p260.jpg) agent of Mrs Grant's, bearing letters of introduction to President Young. The leading Mormons be- lieve K's assurance that he is an impostor, but almost all the women I meet, and some of the men confess a hope that he is what he professes to be. It is cruel for any one to play with the anxieties of a people who are wrought up to such a pitch as these are, by the uncertainty of the action of Congress. The women think that Mrs Grant's heart has been touched, and that she desires to plead for them. This scamp announces that he served under K. in the army, & that he is a nephew of Dr Newman General Grant's clergyman. Monday J Feb 3. Quite cold and windy. For the first time I see snow on the tops of the hills beyond the Rio Virgen. During K's sickness we were fortu- nate enough to have one night cold enough to make a thin coat of ice on the tubs of water we set out, so that ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B28_F5_I1_p261.jpg) we had ice water while the fever ran highest. He still continues to improve, and the children are in heart enough to resume their riding and dancing lessons under the charge of their Mormon friends. Mrs McDiarmid spent the evening with us. Her husband brought her in and while he spoke a few words to K. I asked her to finest promise to finish her narrative. She laughed and said that McDiarmid called her a goose to intrude her bit love story on me. He was going to attend a Bishops Meeting, and would leave her with me till he came back, and overhearing what she said, he nodded his head affectionately at her as he went off saying, "Mary, has more sense than you'll give her credit for after her foolish talk, I'm afraid!" I reminded her that she had left off where her mistress was questioning her about McDiarmid. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B28_F5_I1_p262.jpg) "Oh yes," she said. "I got through that, but when evening came she would have me drink tea with them. I tried hard to beg off but she insisted upon it. "When he came, he knew how I was feeling and avoided looking particularly at me, but he sat right opposite me at the tea-table, and with those great long legs of his he could stretch under and squeeze my foot between his feet. "The evening wore away very slowly. I could see him whenever he dared looking over at me, but I would almost rather not have had him come. I kept thinking "How shall I ever l say goodbye before them all!" When the time came, they all went into the hall to see him off, and they shook hands all round. I had hung back, but when he turned and took a step ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B28_F5_I1_p263.jpg) towards me I and held out his hand I fell among their feet!" "You fainted?" "Yes, I swooned dead away. You see we were to be parted for a whole year. He couldn't stand it then, but picked me up in his arms. 'This is my wife' says he, 'and I'll hide it no longer.' My mistress turned the key in the door. 'If that's it', said she 'you don't leave here this night.' So he stayed three days, and oh but we were happy, and when he went I was light of heart to think no shame any longer of its being known I was his wife. He was gone a year. My mistress was sore vexed with her husband at first for not telling her, but he explained why, and ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B28_F5_I1_p264.jpg) although she said it would have made no difference in her feelings to me, she accepted his excuse. I prayed very earnestly that she my influence might be blessed to her, and it was. The end of it was she was converted, and but she would not be baptised till McDiarmid came back, for she always said she was his convert not mine, for all my speech was 'McDiarmid says.' After that year McDiarmid was back for a little while and then away again. He labored among his own people in the Highlands, and his father was converted, and is out here now. But his mother remained a Catholic to the day of her death, though she would keep the door when her son was preaching and let no one disturb him. Bishop McDiarmid returned at this time and K. began talking to him about the number ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B28_F5_I1_p265.jpg) of Catholics left in the Highlands, but I went on talking to his wife. I asked her if she had ever been present at any manifesta- -tion of "gifts". She said "Oh yes, often," and began to tell me of what she had seen happen to others lately, but I begged her to tell me only her own experience. "Well," she said "then I'll just go on with my story where I left off. When McDiarmid and I were married we were very poor, I told you. And although my wages kept him from wanting clothes while he preached there seemed no chance of our going to housekeeping. But I prayed ear- -nestly, and at last felt an assurance that my prayer would be granted. Soon after McDiarmid wrote to me that he was to take care of the Liverpool Branch. This was a great comfort. You ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B28_F5_I1_p266.jpg) think Liverpool a dismal town? Oh, it seemed bright enough to me, and other folks thinking it dismal enabled us to rent a big house that some merchant had given up when he took up his abode in the country. We had nothing to do with the big warehouse on the ground floor front, but it made little difference to us, entering from the lane behind. Upstairs we had fine large rooms looking out on the street. We were able to be together, and we were very busy, and at first very happy. He preached, and I took care of the house. One of our duties was to receive and entertain the brethren who passed through Liverpool. Remembering how McDiarmid had fared I took pains to make them feel as if they had come to a home while they stayed. I mended their ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B28_F5_I1_p267.jpg) Pol x clothes and darned their stockings. Many a poor fellow had but the one shirt to his back, that I washed and ironed while he slept before he went on his way! Our people were poorer then! Well! The missionaries took to calling me 'Mother McDiarmid." They meant to please me, but it pained me, for it seemed as if it was a recognition that that was all the motherhood I was to have. I'm so fond of children; but there was no word of one coming to me, and the big house seemed so lonely when McDiarmid was away on his preaching tours. I fell into bad health. I knew about poly- x -gamy by this time, but could not bear it, and I began to think I should be glad if I was in a 'waste'. I wished he had not married me, but some woman who could have ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B28_F5_I1_p268.jpg) brought him children. One stormy day, he had gone to Great St Helen's to preach. I was lying on my bed alone, staring out of a window that was near the foot of the bed at the falling rain, and I believe I was crying. There was a kindhearted Sister, who lodged with me, and was a motherly soul, tenderer to me than ever my own mother was. She came in, and insisted on making me a cup of tea. Said she, "you never drink it and you'll feel the comfort of it the more," and trotted away to the kitchen to make it. I tossed about on my bed, wishing, wishing, that one of the brethren would come and administer to me. Just then I saw a man standing at the foot of the bed, in the light of the window. He had long gray ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B28_F5_I1_p269.jpg) hair flowing to his shoulders, and wore a broad blue Scotch 'bonnet', white woollen stockings and knee breeches, and a coat of a cloth I had never seen–though I've since seen the same in Utah. He came up towards me, and at first I was terrified to see a man in the room, but then I thought "It's only what I was praying for, a brother sent to administer to me." He laid his hands on my head, and I felt them smoothing down my hair, and all my pain flowing away. I closed my eyes, and longed to ask his name, but found my power of speech was gone. He then said, "Thy prayers are heard. Thou shalt recover. Thou shalt go to the valleys of the hills mountains, thy children shall yet sit on thy knees, and thy children's children rise up and call thee ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B28_F5_I1_p270.jpg) blessed." While I lay enjoying the blessed words and feelings, Sister Kent opened the door, and I raised my eyes. The stranger was gone, but Sister Kent dropped the tea tray breaking everything and not seeming to heed it, as she cried "What blessed influence has been here! This room is too holy for me to enter. The air is too good to breathe!" I told her all about it after a while though at first I mumbled in my speech, and 'made' at my words like a child learning to talk. Well, the end was that I did come out to the valleys of the mountains, and my first son was born some months after our coming. I never saw the stranger again, but once when I was in ill health and dreading to die in an approaching confinement. Then he appeared ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B28_F5_I1_p271.jpg) Note: See Pg. 47 Hosea St out Diary Note. once a Sheriff at Kanesville later This Hickman left the church and wrote a book "Brigham's Destroying Angel" NY. 1872 giving details of alleged murders with which he was connected But died in Wyoming July 21, 1883 EKK again, and bade me cheer up for I should have my child and recover. That baby never saw its father by daylight for eighteen months. He was then in hiding on one of Hickman's accusations of murder. Yes, and when he gave himself up they kept him over seven months in prison. They penned him up so closely in a wee cell that his health was injured. I went to see the officer in command, and he was a Scotch major, and when he heard my Scotch tongue he listened to me kindly, and went to see McDiarmid. He did all he could to alle- -viate his confinement, and had him often to his own quarters where they had many a long talk." "Acquitted? No, McDiarmid was never acquitted, nor tried. He was released on his own ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B28_F5_I1_p272.jpg) bond, and has never been summoned for trial since." Thursday Feb 6. K. was able to take a short drive. After it was over, I took a long drive up the Clara Valley with one of the Sisters. The boys rode on horseback in company with Mr. David Cannon to the lime kiln between here and Harrisburg. He had to haul "tithing lime" for the tabernacle. The little fellows were determined to make up for their voluntary confinement during K's illness, for they spent their afternoon rambling over the hills with Elder Staines, and after our dinner-supper went to a dance in Mrs Laura's big empty room. Elder S. was speaking of dreams at dinner He has a strong belief in dreams, and I asked him if he could give me an instance where one of his dreams had come true. "Certainly," he said ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B28_F5_I1_p273.jpg) dream of Joseph x "After my conversion I was greatly distressed in mind because I understood that only Latter Day Saints were to be saved. I thought of my good mother, of my grandfather whom I could remem- -ber, standing up leaning on his cane throughout family Worship though shuddering with the pain of bearing weight on his withered foot. Were they to go to Hell! Well, I dreamed that a man came to me whom I knew to be Joseph, and bade me take courage, that x he had never authorised any one to say that the Methodists or any one else would go to eternal damnation. I took particular notice of the man, for his dress was unlike any I had ever seen–a broad low crowned straw hat woven of whole, not split straw. It was much sunburned and had crape round it. No one dreamed of crape ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B28_F5_I1_p274.jpg) on straw hats in England. He had on a ging- -ham coat, the checks at least two inches apart, and on the right sleeve was a tear as if it had been caught on a nail. This dream of mine took place on ship board. It was rather a vision than a dream, for I saw the man distinctly pass between the rows of berths as he came towards me. When we reached Nauvoo, one of the brethren said to me, "Hurry, the Prophet is on the bank superintending the unloading." Well, I wanted to see him bad enough, but I had undertaken to attend to an old widow's goods, and by the time I was at liberty the Prophet had gone to the Meeting House. I followed. One of the brethren asked me if I had ever seen him. "Not in the flesh" I answered 'but I shall know ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B28_F5_I1_p275.jpg) soon if he is the man I saw in my dream.' I went in with the crowd, and I saw one man among those who were going up the aisle, that whom I picked out at once. "If that's the man I saw in my dream,' says I to this brother- it was B. whom you know. He can testify to it- if that's the man, the one there with the low crowned straw hat and gingham coat, there will be seen a freshly made rent in his right sleeve when he turns.' Brother B. had just landed too, and didn't know one man from another there any more than I did. But we watched this one, and he went up the pulpit stairs, and when he turned there was the rent! And it was Joseph, and he wore crape on his hat for a brother who had died just before." ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B28_F5_I1_p276.jpg) Of course one can imagine many inter- -pretations of S's dream. I was more interested in the picture he uncousciously gave of the modern Mahomet "superintending the unloading" of the river steamboat and wearing the common Yankee garb with a torn sleeve; even while going through the impressive ceremony of welcoming the newly arrived dis- -ciples in the church. No Rienzi pomp and parade to impose on the uneducated mind! I often wonder how Joseph Smith maintained so great a hold upon the reverence of his disciples in spite of the disenchanting circumstances that surrounded his daily life. Especially I wonder how his hold upon the reverence of a much more powerful man. B.Y. to wit has never relaxed. I have done B.Y.–etc ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B28_F5_I1_p277.jpg) Thursday Feb 6th. I sallied out today to visit some of my friends, but found the doors closed and no smoke curling from the chimneys. Sister Liston's door, I knew would always be open for me, and I turned from the Plaza into the little gate and passed under the long vine arbor to the quiet room where she sat patiently waiting the end of her malady. I had not seen her since the Gardener's Festival. I asked her how she got there, and she answered, laughingly that she reached there as she went there as she did to Meeting in the grandest-style, for her own husband was the steed when she rode in her wheelbarrow. She explained the absence of the different Sisters from home. They were holding a Sisters Meeting of the Relief Society, she said, for it was ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B28_F5_I1_p278.jpg) one advantage of the monthly Fast Day that, there being no dinner to cook, the Sisters could feel free from home duties for the morning. I had noticed that even overworked Sister John's door was closed, and Sister Liston said she had seen her passing with her baby in her arms, and the little ones trotting behind her to the Meeting. This monthly Fast is totally unlike our Lent. The people here literally fast, going without breakfast and dinner. They carry the articles they have gone without to the Tithing House. Perishable things go at once to the sick or poor under direction of the Relief Society: more durable articles like tea, sugar or flour form a reserve to be drawn upon for the poor in the coming month; and here, where money is so scarce the self-denial the people exercise is of great benefit to those who are poorer still. When I came home I found the carriage with ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B28_F5_I1_p279.jpg) Friday Feb 7. "Barton", the imposter who pretended to be bringing a letter from Mrs Grant, has been here, and is gone. I saw the letter. It makes no effort to imitate Mrs Grant's handwriting; begins with a little "i", and is signed, "Your truely friend Mrs Ulysses S. Grant" ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B28_F5_I1_p280.jpg) known to me, and begins with a little [-], and is signed 'Your truely friend Mrs Ulysses S. Grant.' Before leaving St George the young man confided to one of the Mormons that he was Fred. Grant–sent by his mother to obtain certain infor- -mation! He I thought he might be some young collegian out on a lark, but no freshman would write such a letter hoping to impose on any one. He asked Mr. Staines for his card and then forged an order on it to the people at Belleview for a horse, which he left at Kannarra obtaining a conveyance thence on a pretended order from Bishop Snow, and so went easily and comfortably North. At Nephi he delivered a temperance lecture which he was too drunk to finish. I cannot imagine his motive for undertaking the journey to St George. He seems to have been too igno- rant to have been a newspaper reporter. We drove to Heberville, an abandoned settle- ment on the Rio Virgen today. The drive was ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B28_F5_I1_p281.jpg) too much for K's strength, but the little boys enjoyed it, as they rode their pony turn about beside the tall horse of the Mormon Bishop who rode ahead of us as guide. The way was plain enough while skirting the mountain, but when we came down into the shifting sands of the river bed it was necessary to have some one to pilot us for fear of quicksands We forded the river and came out among the abandoned fields of Heberville which the change in the river bed had rendered it un- profitable to cultivate. A new site was chosen, to be developed by cooperative labour: incidentally too the sand was tested for use in plastering, and approved. Mrs Harriet Olds rode in the carriage with us. She showed us a sandy valley between the rocky hills ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B28_F5_I1_p282.jpg) and told us that it the spot where the Mormon herd boy was killed by the Indians. It seemed odd to think that cattle should ever come here to pasture, for there must have been at least four feet of bare sand between each tuft of sage or rabbit bush. I suppose however that some herbage may be wholly hidden from sight in winter that comes up green and succulent with spring. Travellers in Palestine describe its plains and valleys as differently as the knights in the fable did the shield which was gold on one side and silver on the other. One traveller sees a luxuriant carpet of grass and flowers where the other passed a few months before over a desert as bald as this. I asked Mrs Sister Harriet about the abandoned Mormon settlement on the ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B28_F5_I1_p283.jpg) Muddy, some seventy miles South of this, as I knew she had been there. The Mormons settled it supposing it to be in Utah, but it has been decided to be in Nevada, and I heard the other day that parties are down there now, who are offering to buy out the Mormons' claims there cheap. It is supposed that they design to make a job of it by selling it out again to the United States as a reservation to put Indians on. I shall keep an eye on it next winter, for some of the stories the Mormons tell about these "Rings" in Indian and Territorial matters must be untrue. The Indians may enjoy the "Muddy" Country, but Mrs Harriet's account of the Mor- -mon settlement of St Thomas there is not prepossessing to a white imagination. This is the place ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B28_F5_I1_p284.jpg) where the egg hatched out a chicken on the parlour shelf: [where dogs scratch in the sand for a place to cool their hot feet, and hens are reported to throw themselves on their backs and wave their claws in the air to keep them from burning off.] Mrs Harriet's brother was a delicate young man, consumptive, I should think. As a boy he had a foot caught in the cogs of a machine in his father's shop. Barely recovered from this he had to act as driver on the flight from Nauvoo, his father being too ill to sit up in the wagon. One day he stepped out on the tongue of the wagon to adjust something that was amiss in the harness of the forward team. His crushed foot gave way under him and he fell, the wheels passing over his body and breaking one leg. So then he and his ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B28_F5_I1_p285.jpg) his father lay in the wagon together and Harriet and her mother acted as teamsters. I asked whether they did not halt to let them recover, but she said "No. Our folks were no worse off than many others, sick women and children, but we could not halt. We were driven out of our homes in Nauvoo, and our enemies held them. The Indians would have killed us if we had not kept up with the main body. But God was with us, and Brother and Father recovered as quickly jolting along in that springless wagon as if they had been lying at home in their beds." Young H. learned his father's trade in Salt Lake City, then went on a three year's mission to England, where the damp climate nearly killed him. On his return ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B28_F5_I1_p286.jpg) to Salt Lake City he married, and being too weak to work at his trade, supported himself by book- -keeping. It was thought that a Southern climate would suit him, so he was chosen as one of the settlers for the colony on the Muddy. He went down, built a tiny house and had his farm fairly under way when his wife joined him with their six months old baby. There were very few They suffered great hardships, but had begun to thrive, and had 3000 vines set out, and a larger house building when Nevada proclaimed her ownership of the land, and clapped such heavy taxes on the settlement that the Mormons had to abandon it. I suppose some of her own citizens wanted it for three or four of the squatters at once moved in. Last year they raised 15000 bushels ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B28_F5_I1_p287.jpg) of wheat on the fields the Mormons had irri- -gated. So poor F. came back penniless, and "looking like a broken old man, though he is only 30," to his old place as book-keeper, having lost six years out of his life for nothing. Mrs Harriet was easily persuaded to tell me her own experience of the flight from Nau- -voo. They were among the last who left, for the whole family were down with fever and ague, and her mother clung to the shelter of a roof as long as possible. After they started indeed they had to stop <¶ after this they st[---]> at Farmington Illinois, designing to pass the winter there. On the journey, she said "many of the sick would have died but that God fed us with quails. I recollect sitting up in the wagon and watching them. They came morning and evening and flew right up against the wagons, so that a tap of a stick ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B28_F5_I1_p288.jpg) killed them. At Farmington we hired rooms for the winter, but Mother and I had hard times to buy provisions, not on account of our poverty only but because of the hatred felt against us as Mormons. People bade Mother keep her eye on the old man, (Father, that was,) for they would hang him if they caught him without a woman being round. So she did, poor Mother. She was hardly ever off the watch. Father lay sick three months, and when he could rise and walk, she was so thankful. One afternoon she had promised to do some quilting for a neighbor and Father said he would walk part of the way, and buy some groceries on his return. They went out of the door together, and when they parted I saw Mother stand watching him ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B28_F5_I1_p289.jpg) out of sight. Then she went to the neighbours and I returned to my work. Father had only left Mother about five minutes when he reached the grocery. There a pack of half drunken loafers seized him as a "damned Mormon; put a rope round his neck and strung him up to the awning. Then they let him down, half choked, and asked him if he was a Mormon still. He answered "Yes" and they hung him again, and again let him down. The third time he had swooned, and a man of some influence in the town, a lumber-dealer, came past and cut him down. This man kept back the crowd and brought F. to his senses, and then let him totter home, the crowd only throwing stones at him. But, thank God, they didn't ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B28_F5_I1_p290.jpg) follow him then. In the meantime I sat quietly sewing, when a little boy burst in. He was the son of the neighbour at whose house Mother was. H "Hatty," he cried "what do you think! They've hung your daddy." "Oh, hush!" I answered "Don't joke about such terrible things!" "You'll find its no joke" retorted her, "I'm off now to see what yer Ma'll say when I tell her." Off he flew, and Mother ran home just in time to help me drag poor Father over the door sill, and get him to bed. Of course we set to work to leave the place right off, but before we had finished packing the mob came. They said they ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B28_F5_I1_p291.jpg) had come to search for concealed arms. Mother had some, too, at the bottom of a chest! They poked in the beds, and up the chimneys and found nothing. Then they began tumbling the things out of the boxes we had just packed. We knew they would kill poor Father if they found the pistols, and my dear quiet Mother stepped forward like a tigress and blazed out at them. Said she, "I have a sick husband and sick children, and I'm worn out with packing those boxes for our journey. If any one of you thinks there's an article of his here, name it, and I'll open the boxes, and show that I haven't. I won't let any one tumble up my things again with my consent, and if you do it by force, do it- and be damned!" She fairly screamed ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B28_F5_I1_p292.jpg) 271 that out, and then sat down on the box and went off into hysterics. She didn't think, but it was the wisest thing she could do, for some of them swore, but more laughed and took the others away, saying Americans didn't fight women and girls. And so we got away!" Saturday Feb 8th. I went today to see a sick woman, and then to see an old woman from the East Nook <(Neuk)> of Fife. She had heard that I came from there and begged that I would come to visit her. Poor creature, it was a great disappointment to her that I "nippit my words like any English body", and I could scarcely understand her Scotch. Two of her daughters are married to a very nice looking American here. He saw them when in Fifeshire on a ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B28_F5_I1_p293.jpg) Mission. I can't imagine what possessed him to marry them, countrywomen of mine though they are! Then he brought out this old mother of theirs, and a young sister, whom I saw. She sat huddled up on a chair with a little shawl crossed on her bosom, just as if she had been flung there on landing six months ago, and had never stirred, or plumed her ruffled feathers since. When I spoke to her, she put her finger in her mouth, with a sheepishness an American child of six would have been ashamed of, and her sister said "Don't mind her, Mom! She's homesick!" Thereupon the young woman lifted up her voice and sobbed. "The brethren telt me there was aye hills and waters here like Scotland." ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B28_F5_I1_p294.jpg) "Well," I said "looking out at the open door where the black Mesa frowned opposite us below the shining snowy peaks of the Pine Valley Mountains. "Surely you have hills enough here, and a bonny bit burnie wimpling down the lane, and the Clara and the Virgin yonder?" "Ah," she said "but there's no forth, and no heather on the hills, with the buzzing bees in the long summer days." I laughed a little to myself as I remembered how rains and winds swept across that same Firth of Forth, and kept the East Nook veiled in mist and storm half the time. One of the people here would miss the bright clear atmosphere and golden days far more if transported to gloomy old Scotland one would think! These were the most ignorant women I have seen in Utah. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B28_F5_I1_p295.jpg) These were the most ignorant women I have seen in Utah. The Sisters whom I have met are generally deficient in that superficial culture which in America enables any dressed-up woman to pass muster as a lady. Most of the English and Scotchwomen were of the small shop-keeping class. But they were thoughtful and intelligent women, and express themselves clearly and sometimes eloquently on the subject of their faith. When I first came here I thought somewhat contemptuously "There are plenty of ignorant women Engl led astray, but I meet none no educated English ladies. They know better." But the remarks of the middle class women show me a reason I had not thought of why they are here, in so much larger proportion than the ordinary common English dolt who is the common laborer's wife. These are women who have studied their Bibles, and are clever enough to feel the difference, when it is presented to them, between the Anglican State Church with its ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B28_F5_I1_p296.jpg) clero richly paid sinecures, its clergymen who em- -brace their calling as a business profession, its luxu- -rious pews for the rich, its hard benches for the poor- and the simple Christianity of the New Testament. Their consciences are not soothed by placebos: no relative of theirs holds a plump "living"; no advowson is in the family; nor are their hearts touched by the knowledge of the sincere faith and earnest work of some son or brother or husband of theirs who is a Christian in spite of his being Rector of Saint Somebody's. There are fewer American Mormons among the converts, I think; just because our American churches are a little less far from the Primitive Church of the Apostles. There are many Americans the daughters wives or sisters of the Methodists whose religious excitement terminated in the Mormon heresy ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B28_F5_I1_p297.jpg) But even here in little Saint George I have met one charming Bostonian she is not of the original Mormon converts, who is a lady in cultivation of mind, and as graceful in speech as in every movement of her limbs. She is the least little bit too much given to the Atlantic Mouthy Emerson- -ianish Boston way of talking for me. I am when in her company, mentally held by the hair of my head and obliged to walk on my tiptoes. I confess that I prefer to converse with her on practical matters such as the government of the Indian peons on the large ranche she owned in Spanish California, and the cultivation of the vineyards and orchards there and here. She relinquished her wealth estate there for her faith, and wears a calico gown and toils in a little one story ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B28_F5_I1_p298.jpg) house all whose drudge-work she does herself. Another lady, also an elderly one, in a remote settlement, flung herself in a half-famished way on my "Littell's Living Age", and straightway invited me into a discussion on the "Stone Man" that speedily showed me I had no chance with her in an antiquarian contest. When I knew her better she used to try to draw me out on astronomy. How accurate her knowledge on the subject was I am unable to say, for like Thackeray's Amelia I only knew the Milky Way by the stain on the Celestial Globe at School. There was a French lady of rank at Salt Lake City, whose husband ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B28_F5_I1_p299.jpg) by marriage, whose exquisitely pure French accent delighted K. As for me, my boarding school French has grown rusty, and at best was of "the school of" Stratford atte Bowe For French of Paris was to me unknowe". So she spoke French to me, and I responded in English. She is a correspondent of Victor Hugo and of other distinguised Frenchmen, and talks most eloquently. It has seldom been my privilege to meet with so cultivated a woman in America. She lives in a wee adobe house where she shelters two com- -patriots even poorer than herself, a shy old savan, and an aged widow. There was but a small fire burning in the little grate, and Madame made no secret of her poverty, but the sn little salon was hung with pictures ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B28_F5_I1_p300.jpg) well read volumes filled the recesses and the lace stretched across each deep-sunk window recess by way of blind, was decorated by two an artistically made wreath of pressed autumn leaves, through which the win- -ter sunshine streamed. M Mme d'U. had been one of the band of women who toiled across the desert pushing before her a hand-cart-, the then desert country from the Missouri to Salt Lake, each pushing before her a laden hand cart. The resources of the emigrants were too small to provide a sufficient number of ox-teams, and some inventive genius suggested that each should push a certain amount of the lighter baggage. Mme told me how many pairs of "bottines" she wore out on the burning sands and sharp rocks, going finally barefoot for the ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B28_F5_I1_p301.jpg) last few days that she might have a decent pair to enter the Promised Land with. She had her little boy with her whom she seated on her hand-cart or carried on her back when he was weary. She described her difficulties in procuring her passport to leave Russia where her family had used their in- -fluence to prevent her obtaining it, and her flight from home. Her two dear daughters however, bitterly opposed as they were to the Saints would, she had had it revealed to her, come out to Salt Lake to join her before she died. This lady spoke of visions miracles and gifts of healing by the Holy Spirit with a fervour of belief and a zeal one does not often meet with in these latter days. What can a morning-caller answer to a woman ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B28_F5_I1_p302.jpg) who says "Do you deny the power of the Holy Spirit to do these things? I know you do not. Well, then, Madame, I, I that speak to you, have seen them. I know in whom I have believed!" Perhaps I might have explained in the course of an hour or two, why I could fully credit her truthfulness, and the actual occurrence of the circumstances she described without its affecting my own faith in my own creed in preference to hers. I do not think I would have attempted it however for she was ever so much cleverer than my- -self and could have routed me in argu- -ment, "horse, foot and dragoons." Besi Besides my companion, a young Philadelphian, whose handsome husband I always fancied ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B28_F5_I1_p303.jpg) had made her fall in love with Mormon- -ism as embodied in himself, rather than from an abstract view of the beauty of the doctrines, looked anxiously at me from time to time. She was wondering whether what I heard was to this Greek foolishness, and I wondered how far it was pure wisdom to her. So I only bowed my head at intervals like a Chinese manda- rin, and left my eloquent hostess, feeling myself an wretch to have remained so cold and torpid where she had expended so much fervor in the vain effort to rouse a crorespondent warmth in my stubborn heart. I can call up to mind a num- ber of other well-educated women, and as I have said a number of well-dressed ones. But my ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B28_F5_I1_p304.jpg) preference lay in the society of those middle- aged women who had embraced their faith in their young maturity, and who had been prevented by their toils of their pilgrimage, and the subsequent cares and hardships of their pioneer life from keeping up any scholarship they may have had beyond the ordinary amount retained by our own farmer's wives. A woman u Any one who has gone through suffering voluntarily for an elevated motive is well worth listening to, if he can be brought to speak frankly of his history, and when women told me their narratives they were given so graphically that it never occured to me to weigh the social, or educa- tional status of my interlocutor. They could all teach me something. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B28_F5_I1_p305.jpg) Work th[--] up. Showing that this was a Pentecostical Raising the Wind. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B28_F5_I1_p306.jpg) Sunday. was able to take quite a long stroll with us this morning. In the afternoon the children and I went to Meeting. The whole of the basement of the Tabernacle is now finished, and the con- -gregation filled it completely. I was much interested in the proceedings, because I saw the inception of a new movement among the people. I don't understand, myself, exactly what is contemplated by the leaders, nor do the sheep of the flock apparently, but they seem willing to follow in the direction indicated. Several addresses were made, all on one subject "The Order of Enoch". A young Bishop rose, a very young Bishop, not more than 21 years old I should think. He was a simple looking fellow, with wide mouth ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B28_F5_I1_p307.jpg) x Order of Enoch full of prominent white teeth, ears set far back from his head, sandy hair and freckles. With us he would have been captain of a hose company probably. He made a little bit of a speech‑a mere "testimony" of his willingness to do whatever his faith should be called upon for. Then came a tall Bishop who looked like a Scotch-Yankee, and he came to the point at once regarding The Order of Enoch. x He said that all the revelations when first presented to him made themselves clear at once. Only he found in them the dim promise of something more welcome, which he enjoyed more and more as he gradually realised it in its fulness. He confessed that he did not now understand this matter, but it was welcome to him as far as he understood it, and he was ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B28_F5_I1_p308.jpg) David Cannon willing to go on. Now uprose David C. looking like a Chinese with his squint, his olive com- -plexion and black hair combed back from his wide forehead. I doubt however any chinese possessing the winning expression of kindliness truth and courage that distinguishes the children's friend, "Brother David". He spoke only five or six sentences, the gist of them being that he had never found himself abandonedby God when he had trusted in God and lived up to his faith: that he meant to live and die in the same belief; and that he felt free from the cares of the world and ready to go wherever he might be sent, or to do whatever ay he might be called upon. It often strikes me what freedom ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B28_F5_I1_p309.jpg) Missionaries *Freedom from debt from care Poverty gives, so long as a man has in himself the power to earn his daily bread. These Mormons are ready for a Mission at a day's notice. They travel without purse or scrip, and without salary. Where there are heavy Railroad fares, such as those on the U.P.RR. and they are poor, the Tithing fund helps them; but they are expected while on their mission to support themselves. There is nothing however to prevent the richer ones from travelling as comfortably as they please‑at their own ex- -pense! Hitherto Elder Staines has paid his own heavy expenses as Emigration Agent. I don't know, however, that it is the freedom of Poverty that makes the Mormons so ready to go‑for the rich ones seem equally willing. Perhaps it is their freedom from debt:* ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B28_F5_I1_p310.jpg) the burden that ties so many by the leg! The Mormons are as strict in their discipline in this respect as Quakers. Brother Birch rose next. He said that he knew nothing about the Order of Enoch, but the words had been on his mind all of yesterday and during the night. He fancied that it was an order for establishing a Christian equality among them: it would be welcome to him. "When I go to Salt Lake City", he continued, "I am always well treated by the brethren. I don't know what they say of me behind my back, but am well satisfied with all they say to my face. I always go into the best society, and no one ever makes me think whether I am rich or poor. But I have found a difference when I take my wife in her ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B28_F5_I1_p311.jpg) plain dress. It isn't that she isn't made welcom[-] but she herself objects to going among sisters dressed in laces, and furs and diamonds. I don'[-] grudge them anything beautiful in God's kingdom; not a mite. Their rich dresses are honestly bought and paid for. Still, I find I don't take Sister Birch among them. Some folks up there objected to girls being richly dressed, naming the President's daughters among them. I don't. Many brethren complained that it was hard, that they should live poorly, go on missions leaving their wives to toil for a living, and when they returned, find that other brethren staying at home and attending to business had grown rich. Well! These things would be hard if they were to continue in the same way when ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B28_F5_I1_p312.jpg) we pass 'behind the veil'. But I understand differently. Then men will be rewarded according to their work; and mind work will not bear such an undue be so unfairly rewarded be rewarded in unfair proportion to the work of bone and sinew. If I understand aright this was once the case in the Days of Enoch, but God took him and his City. I hope that the Order of Enoch means something like this! If it turns out as much of an improvement on our present social state, as co-operative stores have been on our old system it will indeed be a blessing." Here President Young handed him the "Book of Doctrines and Covenants", and requested him to read the "Revelation to Enoch" aloud. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B28_F5_I1_p313.jpg) He did so, stumbling, in the imperfect light of the winter afternoon, over some of the long words and strange names, and apologised by saying that he "didn't know that he had ever read it before". "Time you should!" muttered Brigham Young drily. When he read the unpronounceable names "Alem and Ahashdah, Mahaleel and and Pelagorum, and my servant Gazelam and Horah, and Olihah and Shalemanassar and Mehenison" sounding like titles in "Bombastes Fu- -rioso" I felt inclined to laugh, but Brigham Young held up his hand for silence and when the reader paused, he said "These, brethren and sisters are the names of those who were with Enoch and again with Joseph." I wonder whether he meant that ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B28_F5_I1_p314.jpg) they were spiritually present with Joseph, or were under other names the same souls in new "taberna- -cles" as they call the bodies! I must read over the "revelation". It speaks of goods "to be cast into the Lord's storehouse, to become the common property of the whole church," and again "that the poor shall be exalted in that the rich are made low." To my suspicious Gentile mind the "revelation" struck me as having been originally intended to influence the early disciples to let "Joseph" have the handling of their funds, but being a little vague like most prophecies it is now ridden as near the Commu- -nism of the early Christians Apostolic Day as the Latter Day Saints are prepared for. At the close of the Meeting the brethren were asked to exercise faith in the prayer ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B28_F5_I1_p315.jpg) now to be offered for the healing of Brother William Smiths little boy, run over the afternoon before. Brigham Young again raised his hand and said "Brother Smith will do well to add to his prayer a request that the brethren will have common sense and thought- -fulness enough granted them to make them hitch their teams when they stop. They coax their teams to run away, and then blame the Lord for letting them go." This sounds irreverent when I write it down, but it did not sound so. The Mormon meetings for spiritual purposes are invaded by the concerns of their daily lives, as much as their daily lives are by their religion. I would not myself like to live either under Roman Catholic or Mormon or Quaker discipline, with either priests or ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B28_F5_I1_p316.jpg) brethren poking their noses into my concerns, but I must confess that it renders the Mormon meetings far more interesting to a stranger who sees their actual doings and intentions tested "laid before the Lord", than one of my own Presby- -terian or Dutch Reformed or Episcopal services where the Reverend Doctor Dryasdust addresses a number of women and a handful of men with a denunciation of "wrong in the abstract, For that kind of wrong, Is always unpoplar and never gets pitied" If his congregation found the Rev. Dr. growing "personal" his salary would be endan- -gered, and besides it is vulgar and claptrap to attack sins known to be pet vices of any individual in the Congregation. If there is anything irreverent in the ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B28_F5_I1_p317.jpg) Mormon addresses there is nothing irreverent in their prayers. To be sure they pray chiefly for themselves, and that the "hearts of men may be turned towards the Lord as the waters cover the channels of the dry Land , and for "the good everywhere throughout the world." I know that I understand the meaning of the prayer a little differently from them, just as I widen the meaning of the "holy Church" universal when I join in prayer with Episcopalians, but I can unite in it heartily, and perhaps the Lord who hears it has to pardon misapprehension of His meaning in all our minds. Nor was there anything irreverent in the hymn that ended our meeting, though there was no organ, and the trained voices of the choir were unpaid. All the congre- ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B28_F5_I1_p318.jpg) -gation joined in the chorus. It went to my heart. I love to see people in earnest. Monday Feb. 10. It rained hard last night. It is the first season that St George has been blessed with so many gracious showers, and this morning special thanks were returned for it at prayers. The Mormons think that God is rewarding them for their faith in coming into this desert by making "the parched land become a pool and the thirsty land springs of water; in the wilderness waters break out, and streams in the desert." I was tempted to think so my- -self when I went out after breakfast, and felt the warm balmy air, and saw the sunshine glittering on the springing grass by the little water channels, and sparkling on the distant waters of the Virgen, swollen by the rain already. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B28_F5_I1_p319.jpg) February 10 Peas are up in the gardens, the grass is freshly green on the banks near the water; the men are hard at work in their gardens little vineyards and orchard plots, and the birds and children are overflowing with joy. The people however are saddened by threatening news of threatening Congressional action against them. I am so sorry. Ever since we came here, the old Patriarch of St George, has been anxious to give us his blessing. He is the old man of eighty whom I have so often seen dancing at the parties, dressed in homespun with a yellow neckerchief. He is wonderfully active for his years, thin and wiry, with bright black eyes and curly th gray hair. He was at work in his garden this afternoon, and we stopped to speak to him, ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B28_F5_I1_p320.jpg) Feby. 11 and much to K's surprise I agreed to go to his house tomorrow and receive his blessing. He came so often to get us to fix a day, and when K. was ill would have come to his bedside. I don't see what the harm is. I am sure it won't make a Mormon of me, and as I feel very kindly to the old man, I mean to go. and not hurt his feelings by another refusal. Tuesday Feb 11th. I let the children go off on horseback without telling them where I was going, this afternoon, because I felt "cheap", just as if I were going to have my fortune told. The The Patriarch has a large garden, but onl a mile of an adobe house containing only two rooms. One of them must be the first wife's apartment, who is an invalid, a refined-looking old lady as thin as a spider web. The other room seemed to be the second wife's parlour, kitchen and bedroom. It was in the neatest order. There was a clean damask table cover ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B28_F5_I1_p321.jpg) on the old dressing table, a clean valance to the shelf above, and clean covers on the various boxes that served as furniture. The hearth was freshly holystoned and a bright fire of cedar logs blazed on it. Close to the chimney stood the tiniest cooking stove I ever saw: with room for two pots only. The batterie de cuisine was stored away in one starch box; another, set on end served as the china closet; and another held the little supply of groceries. The walls were whitewashed and adorned with coloured prints. The doors were of the brightest green, and the bedspread was of patchwork, green and yellow, the yellow tint, evidently a favorite of the Patriarch's being carried out in the valance to the bed and dressing table. Mrs Perkins, No 2, received us very quietly and gave us seats. She is a plain ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B28_F5_I1_p322.jpg) motherly looking person about sixty: so common- -place and practical looking, that I could scarcely credit my ears when I heard her talking as she did afterwards. I was in that nervous condition which the children call "full of laugh" and which always besets me at the wrong time, especially at funerals. We took our seats, and K. began to be politely conversational, as if we were at a den- -tists', but the old man was perfectly silent, gazing at the fire, and Mrs Perkins opening a large account book began taking down our names ages and birthplaces, and seemed quite charmed when she found that she and I were born in the same suburb of Liverpool. After sitting a time in silence the old man turned and explained that he had been praying. He always, he said, prayed that the ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B28_F5_I1_p323.jpg) spirit of the receiver of the blessing should be influ- -enced in harmony with his own and that he might be prepared to accept it. Then he rose, went behind K's chair and stood up with his eyes closed, and his head slightly leaning forward; both hands placed on K's forehead. He then spoke; so slowly that his old wife was able to write each word down as he uttered it. The fire blazed up; then its purring hum ceased, it crackled no longer, but wore down to glowing embers, and almost died in ashes before he ended. I dared not look at K. who sat as if in the dentists' chair composed to his fate, though he gave as violent a start as if a nerve had been touched, at one passage. The blessing was somewhat prophetical, and so ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B28_F5_I1_p324.jpg) far as it was did not coincide with one given K. long ago by the old patriarch John Smith, which has been curiously fulfilled so far, strange to say. When the blessing was finished, the old wife read it over aloud to K, who was as stiff as a poker, not being pleased with a part of it. The Patriarch asked if he accepted it, and I longed to make him bow his head just for politeness' sake, but he wouldn't, nor would he say he accepted it, and I began to wish myself away. The Patriarch said assured him however that he would like it better and better as the full meaning dawned upon him, and, referring to what he had said about the Lamanites (Indians) said that he himself ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B28_F5_I1_p325.jpg) had not always given the Lamanites their proper value, but he did now. Said he "When the time of Christ's crucifixion came and there was darkness over the earth‑ (here he referred to a very impressive description of the hours of darkness given in the Book of "Nephi"—) that "our Saviour passed among the Nephites and chose from them also twelve apostles. He asked them whether they would choose to await his return on earth or not. Three of them chose to labour till his return at the millennium the rest preferred to die at the natural age of man. "Two of these three, I know very well." At this I stared at the old man, who was talking as composedly as if he were speaking of everyday acquaintances. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B28_F5_I1_p326.jpg) His wife listened composedly, too, and he went on. It is from one of these men that I learned not to despise the Lamanites. One of them was at Washington at the time of the War (i.e. 1857-58) and heard all the discussions about the troops. The prophet Joseph was there too, though the eyes of the people in Washington were not free to see him. When the contractor's wagons were burned on Ham's Fork, though there were but thirty men under Brother —'s command, the teamsters reported that the hills were full of Mormons. This was really but that their eyes were opened to see Joseph and the Nauvoo Legion in the spirit." Here Mrs Perkins broke in, and I wish I ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B28_F5_I1_p327.jpg) could give the oddness of the impression given by her precise tones and formal English accent united to the evident sincerity of her language. I have described her room so minutely, because according to her belief it was the resting place of angels. They don't need 5th Avenue "fixings". She said, "Oh, its wonderful, all they tell him! They give him a great deal of in- -formation: you have no idea. He has long talks with them in this very room! He was sick here five months, but he was never lonely, for he would talk with them by the hour. I've sat here with my sewing and gained great information. I could see the light that enveloped them sometimes, and hear their voices(!) but sickness had made his being so fine, that he could see their persons. Sometimes I have said 'Where are they ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B28_F5_I1_p328.jpg) and he would answer 'Right by you in the light of the East window', or 'by the door'. Oh it's a blessed influence! Why, only last week after the Meeting of the Relief Society Sister Minerva S. and another, came in. The other sister said, 'Father Perkins, haven't you a word of comfort for me'. 'Yes', he said 'Sit right down'; and he gave her a beautiful blessing; and it was granted to me to see them both enveloped in a cloud of light." After this, the Patriarch stood up and blessed me. As I am to have a copy of my blessing, I won't trust my imperfect recollection of it. I It was nearly dark when we took our leave, the old pair bidding us farewell with tender solemnity. When we entered the house the sun had been shining and blackbirds twittering ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B28_F5_I1_p329.jpg) by hundreds in the trees. Now, the sun had set, the sky was overcast and a cold Northeast wind was blowing. My head ached terribly, but not enough to prevent me from being gladdened by hearing the merry laughter of our dear little boys, who came bounding after us, having been watching for us since their return from their ride. Our Mrs Snow's baby is very sick with Pneumonia, poor little thing. Thursday Feb. 13. The baby is worse. I am playing doctor, and trying to keep up its strength with white wine whey. The Mormons are much afflicted by the last telegraphic news, showing the animus against them in Congress. News has been received from the explorers Copy page 324 to San Francisco Mountain" [---] p. 324 to S. Francisco Mountain) ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B28_F5_I1_p330.jpg) 1873 Monday March 3. Since I last opened this book, I have gone through severe trial. My husband has been very ill‑some dreadful affection‑perhaps from cold taken in his wounds. He endured frightful suffering, and lay long at the point of death. I think that, under God I am indebted for his recovery to the kind and able nursing of the Mormons. I shall not forget it. We are going to leave St George as soon as he can travel, but before closing these leaves I write this Memorandum in red Ink— If I had entries in this diary to make again, they would be written in a kindlier spirit. E. D. Kane ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B28_F5_I1_p333.jpg) Note: I copy this just as it is set out here. It looks from the wording use of "Papa" and E Kent "Father" for her husband and once "dear H‑" as if she added some pages from letters to her daughter Harriet who had been left as had eldest son Elisha with relatives "back East". E Kent Kane Dear H He is recovering [-]ather on his part had another cause for anxiety: the prospect of leaving us so far from home. The distance seemed so much greater when he thought that there would be no one to protect us, and that the people mong whom we would be left were aliens in all their sympathies. I was able to reassure ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B28_F5_I1_p334.jpg) reassure him on this head. I already feel far more at home here, and have learned to know and appreciate his poor friends, especially...and ...more as he does himself. I thought myself a pretty good nurse, but I have learned lessons from them, (the Mormons) I was too anxious not to sit up myself at night, but there were volunteer nurses sat in an adjoining room to come at my call at an instant's notice. During the day-time there was no moment when Evy could not summon a couple of strong men to lift his father without pain, or bathe him ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B28_F5_I1_p335.jpg) with a tender handiness that my feeble strength could not imitate. Elder Johns at whom I had carped on his wife's account, heaped coals of fire on my head by turning that power of attending to other people's needs instead of those of his own family at which I had carped, into my service; and shrinking from no duty of the sick room. The Sisters tried to take the little boys to their own homes, but they shrank from leaving me while their father's fate was uncertain, and I often found the poor little fellows coiled up in the big chair in the parlor together weeping softly in each others' arms, too homesick and anxious to draw or read. Sometimes I persuaded them to go to their friend the blacksmith's. He has a beau- -tiful voice, and composes words to the airs he sings and sometimes hammers out both air and words to the rhythm of his blows. Seated in the ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B28_F5_I1_p336.jpg) warm smithy, the children lingered many a half hour listening to his songs. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B28_F5_I1_p337.jpg) Thursday‑ Yesterday, for the first time, Papa persuaded me to leave him and take the chil- dren a walk. We went to the foot of the Black Mesa, and climbed a little way up, and then I was obliged to sit down to rest, while Evan tried to sketch the town, and Willie rambled about gath- -ering leaves that were new to him. I felt so sad that the tears rolled down my cheeks I was anxious and still am‑very anxious about your dear Father‑but it was not on his account. The unbidden tears surprised me as I eat gazing down on the houses of St George‑the roofs that iden- -tified themselves one by one (as in a mental photographic negative slowly developing,) as sheltering friendly people who had aided me as far as they could‑sending in little delicacies for the invalid, the choicest loaf of a batch, a piece of honeycomb, a few fresh eggs, ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B28_F5_I1_p338.jpg) insert here quail a snipe shot on the hills, or a pat of grass butter—the doors that had been so often opened as I passed by to say a cheering word, or bid "the Lord be with us "; the church where the people of the three settlements, as I had heard, united to pray for him a week ago. And I could see no prospect before these people but one of wretchedness—and it will be in the name of the Law that our President and Congress will bully and terrify these helpless women and innocent little children! Though I had no vote, I felt as if I could not free myself from blood-guiltiness. You will not understand how I have come to pity this people; for you know how hard it was for me to make up my mind to come among them and asso- -ciate with them, even for the sake of benefiting Fathers health by this climate. I have written to you as a sort of penance for the hard thoughts and contempt ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B28_F5_I1_p339.jpg) -uous opinions I have myself instilled into you. When I came home, I stepped softly to the open door and peeped through. Father was lying in a sound sleep, and a bulky figure that I recognised knelt beside a chair, praying. I stole back and rejoined the children on the porch, and we re-entered the house with sufficient noise to make the watcher aware of our presence. He came out into the parlour to give me the good news that Father had slept almost ever since we left. Oh, dear H. I find myself thinking kindly of this man too! ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B28_F5_I1_p340.jpg) Notes For "Blessing" by Patriarch Wm. G. Pekins of St. George on gen. Kane see Page 297 Date of Feb 10. 1873 also E. Kent Kane I have received the promised Copy of my blessing, and may as well insert it here. St George Feb. 11. 1873 A Blessing by Wm. G. Perkins Patriarch on the head of Elizabeth Dennistown Kane. daughter of William and Harriet Wood, Born in Bootle Liverpool England May 12th. 1836. Elizabeth the beloved of the Lord, in the name of Jesus I place my hands upon your head, I seal upon you a father's blessing. Your lineage is from Joseph, you are a lawful heiress to all the blessings and privileges of the Holy Gospel. You chose to come forth in the fulness of time and your Father gave you your name and blest you and sent you to this earth to receive a blessing body. He told you that you would have your true Mate, and that your posterity would be great and powerful in the Holy Priesthood. He gave you a long ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B28_F5_I1_p341.jpg) blessing that will be fulfilled to the very letter. You have been and will be a great blessing and a comfort to your Husband. You will enjoy much light of the gospel of inspiration. You will be a great blessing and comfort to your sisters. You will be blest in all your labors. The inspira- -tion of God will be upon you. Many of the gifts of the Gospel will be bestowed upon you. The vision of your mind will be open, that you may see and understand for yourself the Great Work of the Last Days. You will have a mansion pre- -pared for you that will be beautiful to behold. You will keep it neat and in good order. You will have it dedicated and consecrated to the Lord your God that the Holy Spirit will take up His abode with you. Your table will be spread with the rich bounties of the earth. Holy Angels will visit and dine with you. They will ac- ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B28_F5_I1_p342.jpg) -quaint you of your Dead. They will give you all the information you desire. They will bless you with a Holy Touch that will run through your whole system; they will anoint your eyes that they shall not grow dim by age. You will go to the Center Stake and go with your Husband into the House of the Lord, and there you will redeem your Dead. You will see that Temple finished and be at the dedication thereof. There you will see your Redeemer coming and His Holy Saints with Him. You will be caught up to meet Him and return with Him to His Temple. You will be with Him at that great feast, even the Marriage Supper of the Lamb. You will sit down and partake of its bounties. There you will see Jesus in the power of His glory and it will fall upon you. Your body will become like a sea of glass your whole body will be like unto an eye. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B28_F5_I1_p343.jpg) And I seal the blessings of life upon your body that you may run and not be weary, and walk and never faint. And I seal you up unto Eternal Life that you may be with your Saviour through the thousand years reign upon the earth. I seal upon your head a crown of Celestial Glory. This I do in the name of the Lord Jesus, your Redeemer. Amen Endorsed Mrs E. D. Kane's blessing. Recorded in Book B. Page 116. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B28_F5_I1_p344.jpg) Note 1. This is added from a draft of letter to the writer's own father, William Wood of New York City. E. Kent St George, [---]y 10 My dear Father, Quite apart from my own longings, I am glad that K. is going to recover. The Mormons all feel as if the wonderful change in his health since he came here was caused by their prayers. He could hardly walk an eighth of a mile with the aid of his crutches when we arrived; yet just before this illness seized him he enjoyed a mountain climb of two miles, returning scarcely more fatigued than I was. I did not tell you, hoping to give you a delightful surprise when you should see him walking without even a cane. Think! He has never done that since Harrisonburg: June /62! Note: 2. (He was shot in the leg below the knee and captured there) But while lying on or under a wagon one who hated him smashed his ribs with a sharp rifle but TLK said he knew who did it but would not tell. I think it was a virginian blood cousin. EK During this sharp sickness it was a ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B28_F5_I1_p345.jpg) Note: Were these pencil changes to correct mistake or to confuse identity? I see someone has changed the S to a P. in pencil and the letter K to T. I erased it ‑Kent Note 2* Was it Elder Perkins Who had given the Blessings or was it Elder Snow? They were lodged at Suno's Hotel—E.K. consolation to me to hear Elder S. confess to me the same feelings I had myself in praying. (Elder S.- is the deformed gentleman whose earnest simplicity and sincerity have struck me, as much as his kindli- -ness has done the children. He is the only Mormon man with whom I am at all have more than a passing acquaintance.) I had felt that K's restoration to health was in answer to my prayers, and that he should die now, in this agony of pain seemed as if it would shake my faith. Poor Elder S. was even worse off than myself, because he believed that he had received the assurance of the Spirit that K. was to return home cured. *His room is over ours, and I have always heard the tones of his voice praying for a long time at night, but when K. was passing through the crisis, I could distinguish the murmuring sound nearly all night. His distress was so great that he had ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B28_F5_I1_p346.jpg) to be banished from the sick room, and I pitied his wretched looks without knowing the cause, whenever I met him creeping about the house, waiting for tidings. Now he is at peace again, and more joyously hopeful and confident than I can be, yet! ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B28_F5_I1_p350.jpg) Note: No entries from March 3 to 7 *Plenty of hot tea Friday: March 7. Well, old Journal; glad am I to reopen you again before leaving St George without any further sorrow to relate! K. was strong enough to be driven the two squares to the Tabernacle to attend a farewell dinner given by the Female Relief Society. The feast was spread in the basement of the Tabernacle 270 men and women sitting down and as many children flitting about, waiting on the company and picking up crumbs. There was no wine, but plenty of hot tea, and edibles of every desciption pressed upon the guests with homely cordiality by the good hostesses. After the banquet was over the elders adjourned to the carpeted platform at the upper end of the hall, while the relics ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B28_F5_I1_p351.jpg) of the feast were cleared away. Then every one sat down, and songs and speeches and "sentiments" were given. It amused me to see Mrs McDiarmid's anxiety when her sister wife "Agnes" was invited to sing, and her pleasure when she passed through the ordeal trium- -phantly. Our "harmonious blacksmith" and his wife sang excellently well, too. I was glad to see Brother Hawkins sitting quietly beside his old wife. It looked much more fitting than to see his wrinkled face and lantern jaws beside his younger wives' rosy cheeks. I am quite used now to seeing with tranquillity several wives of nearly the same age with a hale middle-aged husband, but it strikes me with the old repulsiveness, ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B28_F5_I1_p352.jpg) when I see an old man going down the generations to his grandchildren's time to seek a new partner, while she who shared the joys and sorrows of his youth looks on, withered and gray. He will dandle babies on his knee, and enjoy a wintry sunshine, but her day is over. However, we do the same thing, only we don't see the love of our young manhood, for whom whom we have buried before we took No 2, 3 or 4, but it is just as abhorrent to fanciful people like myself who feel as if the deep love of husband and wife cannot end with death, if the legal and physical ties be severed. The women, of course, were the most prominent in this festival, and some of the ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B28_F5_I1_p353.jpg) *Learning from Mormons that Christ's ancestors were polygamists, etc Gen. Kane's newspaper's accounts sent the papers in Phila. and New York kept Easterners much amused at or N. Probably refers to Pres. Grant's own Methodist preacher also chaplain of the U.S. Senate. Rev.—Newman This Miniver Cheery thought he hated Mormons "albeit he perhaps never seen one" and wanted to debate Pres. Brig. Young on polygamy in the Mormon Temple. Orson Pratt did and made a fool of him. Sisters prayed me to "speak a few words" to them. Indeed my heart was full enough. It is really hard to say farewell to these people when I think of the troubles that await them. set on their ruin, and the politicians almost feel virtuous themselves in carrying out their policy towards the Mormons. This time next year every faces that beams so kindly on me now may be turned away forever from their hospitable homes. Five <5> times the Mormons have been exiled for their faith already. Erring as they may be from what I think the truth, still I have enjoyed rest and peace of soul among them, and I cannot part from them without d and when I go back to the theoretically ortho- -dox and society of the East, with its practical infi- delity that (constantly asks "Where is now thy God", I shall look back with tender feelings ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B28_F5_I1_p354.jpg) to St George; "for I had gone with the mul- -titude. I went with them to the House of God, with the voice of joy and praise; with the multitude that kept holy day."—The fact may not have the meaning for others that I attach to it, but I mean to remember that I felt that it was right and not wrong to worship with the Mormons as with Christians. It is such a comfort to be with people who are in earnest! Which are doing best: they who with a low and mean conception of God, are faithfully carrying out what they deem His will; or those "who know their Lord's will, and do it not"; or are not at all sure whether He Is? ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B28_F5_I1_p356.jpg) Belleview Monday Left St George this morning. A slight sprinkling of snow was upon the ground, fast melting in the morning sunshine as we entered the travelling carriages. Half the population gathered to see us off, and some of the Sisters with whom I have become friends bade me farewell weeping. The tears came to my own eyes as I looked my last from the bluff above the town upon the Happy Valley. What lies before its inhabitants? For me, I have done with the strange idyllic life of the last few months, and must plunge into the World again. Beyond the "Rim of the Basin" they say the snows lie three feet deep along the plains we must traverse. We leave the Spring sunshine to return to Winter. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B28_F5_I1_p357.jpg) And today as I turn my back upon my holiday rest, the first letters from the East for many weeks are handed me. I read them in the carriage. They tell me of Deaths among my friends; they remind me of business cares and worries, and urge my hastening back from "those dreadful Mormons." Farewell, Arcadia! Or Pandemonium‑Which? ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B28_F5_I1_p360.jpg) On my return to Salt Lake City I spent a week or so at the Lion House, a step which I took as a testimony to the little circle of those to whom my name is known, that my opinion of the Mormon women had so changed during the winter that I was willing "to eat salt with them." It would probably be more interesting to my father should I describe that household than any other in Utah. I am the only "Gentile" to whom every door within the walls was set freely open, and who was invited to the most familiar intercourse with Brigham Young's wives and children. Yet that very fact seals my lips. I was not there as a newspaper correspondent, but as the wife of an honored and ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B28_F5_I1_p361.jpg) trusted friend of the head of the household. The members of that household have already suffered enough from the prying curiosity of strangers. Suffice it to say that I met none but good and kindly women there, as in the other Utah homes where I became familiar. Nor have I anything to say of Salt Lake City, although it is the pride of Mor- -mondom. One of the best of the Mormon women, standing with me on the hill above the Lion Temple Enclosure and looking down on the fair city sleeping in the sunshine, with the blue lake sparkling in the distance, said with exultation, "Beautiful for situation, the joy of the whole earth is Mount Zion; on the sides of the North, the City of the Great King! God is in the midst of her, she shall not be moved. God shall help her and that right early!" ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B28_F5_I1_p362.jpg) I could understand her feeling, could un- -derstand too the glance of her eye to the Fort under whose guns the city lies as completely as even Jerusalem lay at the mercy of the castle of Antonia. But its wealth has spoiled it for me. Vulgar Oroide Mormons emulating <(OROIDE‑an alloy imitation GOLD used in making cheap Jewelry)> vulgar nouveaux riches St. Louis and Chicago men having nothing an then to give me interest. The passing traveller who halts a few days in Salt Lake City, and gives his dictum on the Mormons, prophesies their d religious decay as well as I could do from what he sees of their growth in material prosperity and worldly spirit. The ardent, the sincere, the unworldly and self-sacrificing who are the strength and glory of any creed are not found among those who receive the profits of their labors. They are ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B28_F5_I1_p363.jpg) always in the forefront of the battle. The Mormon battle-ground is no longer in the Salt Lake Valley. I found the best men and women, the most earnest in their belief, the most self-deny- ing and "primitive Christian" in their behaviour clad in the homespun garments of the remote settlements. It will all pass away soon enough, unless Persecution befriends them by making the young pass through the same purifying fires their elders traversed, burning out the impure and un- -sound in faith. Such industry as the Mormon religion inculcates, with such simple habits as prevail among the "Saints of the old Rock", will too soon bring corrupting Wealth. No use for us to "put down the Mormons". The World, the Flesh, and the ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B28_F5_I1_p364.jpg) Devil sap earnestness soon enough. And <(If that happens)‑EK.> I for one shall say, Alas! ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B29_F2_I1_p001.JPG) STANDARD DIARY 1895 ELIZ D. PARK TR. Kard[---] Kushequa Problems 356 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B29_F2_I1_p003.JPG) Thomas L. Kane Jr. born March 9/95 [---] 7 weighed about 4 lbs. March 16 5 1st tooth Sept 30 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B29_F2_I1_p013.JPG) TUESDAY, JANUARY 1, 1895 204 West 136th Street New York This is Harriet's new house where she has invited me to visit her and stay till Lena Watts' wedding is over. The reason I came down so early is that I had to see Mr. Bab- -cock the publisher about Papa's book, and confer with Mrs. Wood about what we should insert. I am to meet her tomorrow and Mr B. on Wednes- Thursday. Harriet has furnished her nest beautifully and it is as neat as wax. May God bless her home to her. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B29_F2_I1_p014.JPG) WEDNESDAY, JANUARY 2, 1895 Went down to 4 West and spent a large part of the day with Lelly looking over my dear father's scrap-books and talking over the book. I stayed all night as Harriet had company here, and so I could be with Helen and her children and Lelly. Lelly has a beautiful pastel portrait of Papa for me. * *This is really good. Dr. Tom Kane had it and I think his Son Thomas, we all know as "Leiper" or "Lee" ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B29_F2_I1_p015.JPG) THURSDAY, JANUARY 3, 1895 This morning I received by mail Papa's $100. for "silver" and $1400 principal. Then had a long long talk with Mr. Babcock, broken by a call from Walter. There is much soreness of feeling about the pictures. Papa made a memorandum for "the guidance of his children and executors" in 1873 in which he said that he wanted the John Dennistoun pictures to go to Walter. I always had the impression that J. D. had made a stipulation to that effect when he gave the pictures to Papa, but Papa denied it to me. Helen and Letty both said that he told them he had no idea of giving them to Walter: Sabina says he promised Walter should have them on the very Saturday before he died. His will made in 1891 does not leave them to Walter, and Denny says they ought to be sold. I should be in favour of giving them to Walter but apparently my vote would be the only one. Walter Junior, in order to enable us to receive the Scotch insurance money has bound himself not to sell the old Elie house for twelve years to come. Walter Senior is very proud of this, as in case of Anna's death he thinks a tenant may be hard to find, and Walter be at considerable expense to keep the house in order. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B29_F2_I1_p016.JPG) FRIDAY, JANUARY 4, 1895 Harry's breakfast and prayers come so late and it is so far from here down town that I only had time to buy three things and then rush back to her lunch. She has lost her eyeglasses today so I read to her a good deal till she went to bed at 8 P.M. She had Catherine Bell to lunch, with whom I had a good deal of personal talk about her affairs, but were interrupted often, and reached no conclusions. I am writing while all the house is quiet, and have finished my "tale" of work for Mr. Babcock. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B29_F2_I1_p017.JPG) SATURDAY JANUARY 5, 1895 NEW YORK CITY I hoped to get down town early, but Harry's plans are laws of the Medes and Persians as to hours, so it was after ten before we started. We called on Nina Struthers, who, fortunately, was out and then I took the Elevated to 18th St. did some shopping, lunched there and then went to the Historical Society's library. I looked over the County Histories of Ulster, Westchester and Duchess, but found no mention of either Kents, Kanes, or Morrisons. I did make two interesting extracts about the Tory prisoners in Poughkeepsie Jail and about Gilbert Robert Livingston. Then I spent three hours in riding about on the Elevated and roaming down town streets in the vain search for Harry's eyeglasses at the office for "lost" articles. Reached home just in time for dinner, and spent a pleasant quiet evening sewing and reading aloud. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B29_F2_I1_p018.JPG) SUNDAY, JANUARY 6, 1895 The intense cold of last week was bad enough, but this weather is worse. It is raining hard and yet as the rain touches the pavements it freezes. The two or three pedestrians who have passed are holding on to every post and railing they can seize. So we won't get to church. I don't expect to write diary for two or three days, as my present plan is: Monday, see Denny early here and then go to Orange: stay at Walter's over night— go on, to Phil adelphia for Tuesday, and stay at Pat's till Wed- -nesday morning: then stay at 4 West 18th over lunch. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B29_F2_I1_p019.JPG) MONDAY, JANUARY 7, 1895 Got through a stormy Sunday quietly and well. Slept well and hope to go to Wal ter's. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B29_F2_I1_p020.JPG) TUESDAY, JANUARY 8, 1895 A stormy morning. I had fever all night but sweated towards morning, and thought it best to stay at Walter's till after lunch. They were just their old kind selves. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B29_F2_I1_p021.JPG) WEDNESDAY, JANUARY 9, 1895 Feeling very badly, but I kept my appointment at 4 West 18th Street. The artist however did not come. As I felt too sick to stay I returned here immediately after lunch, and then Harry kept me lying down till bed time wrapped up while she read to me. This morning I chose a carpet for Evan's office but did not buy it until I should ascertain the right size. Had an interview immediately after breakfast with Mr. Babcock. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B29_F2_I1_p022.JPG) THURSDAY, JANUARY 10, 1895 I am better though not well. Harriet overslept herself so that it was almost nine when we sat down to breakfast. It is so stormy, rain, and high wind that I dare not go to Ninas, where we are invited to lunch. Pretty miserable all day. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B29_F2_I1_p023.JPG) FRIDAY, JANUARY 11, 1895 The storm is over, and I presume that I shall go out today though still feeling ill. —I did go out for several hours: shopping and was none the worse. Walter sent me $4147.36 H A W. Trust ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B29_F2_I1_p024.JPG) SATURDAY, JANUARY 12, 1895 I had not more than four hours sleep but lay staring wide awake at the ceiling when I wasn't coughing. I worried a good deal about Papa's Life and a good deal more about the investment of this money. Elisha's terrible weight of care would be temporarily alleviated if I lent it to Kushequa but I doubt his ever being able to return it and then, his care would be worse, and mine and Tom's too. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B29_F2_I1_p025.JPG) TUESDAY, JANUARY 15, 1895 Yesterday I was of no use. The work to be done had all been assigned, and I found my place best up in Letty's room trying to entertain Mr. Mason. The wedding went off very well, the tiny "chantry" of Grace Church being crowded with the mutual families and a few near friends of the young couple. "Her brother gave away the bride in the absence of her father in South America," the papers said. Lena looked deadly pale and was so nervously strung up that her resolute smiling was a ghastly grin. Julia looked radiantly handsome as bridesmaid, and Carrie very sweet. I start for home tonight ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B29_F2_I1_p026.JPG) WEDNESDAY, JANUARY 16, 1895 Reached home none the worse for the journey, and as it was a most beautiful day, drove over in the afternoon with Harry to a meeting of the Spring Water Company. But Evan, hearing my cough forbade my going out till it is better ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B29_F2_I1_p027.JPG) THURSDAY, JANUARY 17, 1895 Very busy all day, unpacking and writing necessary letters. My cough has tightened and I was so miserable with headache and pain that I went to bed as soon as tea was over. I have to return to the Executors over $4000. which Chalmers says that Walter ought not to have paid so soon. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B29_F2_I1_p028.JPG) FRIDAY, JANUARY 18, 1895 I wrote letters and accounts and corrected proof, cut out apart napkins and towels and marked about six dozen articles; so that I was busy all day. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B29_F2_I1_p029.JPG) SATURDAY, JANUARY 19, 1895 Busy at home: corrected two batches of proof, wrote letters and accounts: in fact I scarcely left my desk all day. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B29_F2_I1_p030.JPG) SUNDAY, JANUARY 20, 1895 This is a most exquisite day, The sky dotted with fleecy clouds and every tree twig outlined in hoar frost, while fresh fallen snow clothes the earth with purity. Every one has gone to church but myself, as Evan thought I had better stay at home a day longer. My cough is much better. Poor baby's frost bitten cheeks had to be painted with iodine ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B29_F2_I1_p034.JPG) THURSDAY, JANUARY 24, 1895 At home and very busy. I have begun Papa's memoir. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B29_F2_I1_p035.JPG) FRIDAY, JANUARY 25, 1895 The morning was so lovely that Evan gave me leave to go out and have my picture taken, as Craven's paper is spoiling. But I think that Harry and he were sorry when the strong light showed how haggard my face has grown lately. After that she and I went to a Mother's Meeting at Mrs. Magowan's, returning in time to let Virginia take the cutter up to meet Tom, We had no idea that she wasn't well, but in the evening she admitted that she was a little dropsical. We put her on remedies at once, though she had secured well and played her favorite game of "crokenole" with spirit. There began a great blizzard Hardly had we gone to bed, or rather Virginia and Tom when Harry and I heard some one at the door. It was Charley Ash come to ask Tom to help Evan and Lila as his wife was very ill. They were gone all night. Harry lay beside Virginia, but neither slept well. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B29_F2_I1_p036.JPG) SATURDAY, JANUARY 26, 1895 A fearful storm all night and day, first from north east then northwest. Vir- -ginia is very ill with dropsy. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B29_F2_I1_p037.JPG) SUNDAY, JANUARY 27, 1895 Baby is in full possession of the art of creeping at last, and one corner of one of the four double teeth that are bothering him has cut the skin. He still has the remarkable lack of taste to say "Pwetty, pwetty" to his aunt Lila. Virginia's dropsy is being sweated and purged out of her but she is still a very sick girl. The drifts have blocked both highway and railroad so that Elisha could not come in. The sun is shining but a strong cold wind is blowing. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B29_F2_I1_p038.JPG) MONDAY, JANUARY 28, 1895 Virginia is gradually improving, and the child is moving but there is much likelihood of a miscarriage. Harry is devoting herself to her as I cannot entertain her by reading aloud. I also had the baby to mind as it is washing day. The dear baby has add- -ed another word to his vocabulary, and stretches out his pretty hand saying in lowas low, awestruck tones "See see! Pretty pretty" — or rather "Tsee tsee pratty pratty" ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B29_F2_I1_p041.JPG) THURSDAY, JANUARY 31, 1895 Lelly arrived. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B29_F2_I1_p042.JPG) FRIDAY, FEBRUARY 1, 1895 Virginia is feeling better, though there is albumi- -nuria. Tom goes down tonight to consult Parvin about her case. Elisha was here today. He is more hopeful about his affairs than usual. Walter has returned me the unused cheque for $4147.60 which Chalmen obliged us all to pay back to the Estate. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B29_F2_I1_p043.JPG) SATURDAY, FEBRUARY 2, 1895 Virginia slept well. Harry spent the night with her. Harry is doing all the nursing. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B29_F2_I1_p044.JPG) SUNDAY, FEBRUARY 3, 1895 Thermometer 1° bel. zero but Evan says it was really 5 below. It warmed rapidly and we have had a beautiful day. Tom reached us this afternoon after consulting Dr. Parvin yesterday. He says we are to keep Virginia strictly on skim-milk for a week. If she and the baby stand it then try to keep her till the 8th month arrives, and then bring on delivery unless the albuminuria has disappeared. Evan's grippe is so bad that he knows he ought to be in bed. This was Commission Sunday and poor Lelly cried all through it. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B29_F2_I1_p046.JPG) TUESDAY, FEBRUARY 5, 1895 Thermometer at 11° below zero here, but at the pump station it was 17°. They probably have a better thermometer than ours. Evan's grippe is better, and Virginia seems pretty comfortable Baby said Lisha to Elisha's great delight this morning. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B29_F2_I1_p047.JPG) WEDNESDAY, FEBRUARY 6, 1895 Thermometer down to 18­° below zero. No wind, but Virginia's room feels very cold. She feels well enough poor dear. Carl sick abed again. I heard Tom telling Elisha over the tele- -phone that the Borough Council has decided to commence suit against its for the piece of Park land. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B29_F2_I1_p048.JPG) THURSDAY, FEBRUARY 7, 1895 Ther. has risen to 8 below zero, and the sky is over- -cast Virginia had no albumen today. Tom drove me up town to make absolutely necessary purchases. The cold pained my lungs. Wrote most of the day: part of the time on an article on the advan- -tages of the Kane Upland for consumptives, part on Papa's Memoir. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B29_F2_I1_p049.JPG) FRIDAY, FEBRUARY 8, 1895 Thermometer kept at 13 below zero all day with a fearful wind and driving snow. Our house is warm but Evan says it is fearfully cold in the hospital. Baby has gone on a hunger strike. He has had an old soft rubber nipple on his feeding bottle and refused to try another. Last night it gave way altogether and the wee man would not touch his bottle. He had some soup and about six ounces of milk by spoon, but by this evening he rebelled against that. Made a big quilted sheet for Virginia and wrote the rest of the day on Papa's Memoir. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B29_F2_I1_p050.JPG) SATURDAY, FEBRUARY 9, 1895 Thermometer only 4° below, but the same storm raging. Cablegrams from England show 5° below zero even there. This storm will be long remembered Baby still refuses his bottle one of his bi-cuspids is through. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B29_F2_I1_p051.JPG) SUNDAY, FEBRUARY 10, 1895 Stormed all night, but is windily clearing this morning. Mr Baby is eating mush and milk and drinking out of a cup: he won't touch the bottle. Virginia is to be carried downstairs this P.M. Dr Graham preached and the "orchestra" welcomed him by the Crystal Schot- -tisch very well played, but add for an over- -ture before the Doxology! The afternoon is bril- -liant and Lelly is amusing the baby while Harry reads to Viriginia. Tom and Evan have good to hear Dr Graham address the Y. M. C. A. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B29_F2_I1_p052.JPG) MONDAY, FEBRUARY 11, 1895 A beautiful day, but I was not out though Baby was. Dear wee man! he was so pleased when I began getting out his things! Letty and Harry were out a great deal and I think L. thoroughly enjoyed herself. I minded baby and worked correcting proof and looked after V. when Harry was out. Tom was much pleased at detecting where a leak in one of the town gas-pipes was and stopping it, but he is almost as much cast down because V. has albuminuria again. Evan went to Johnson- -burg on the evening Train — about something that seems to bother him very much, and has to go out to Asp's on his return, poor fellow. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B29_F2_I1_p053.JPG) TUESDAY, FEBRUARY 12, 1895 Tom kept Letty out of doors almost all day. I was busy writing: Virginia pretty well. Baby has cut his tenth tooth. The Glass Company has decided to accept the proposition made them and to enlarge their plant. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B29_F2_I1_p054.JPG) WEDNESDAY, FEBRUARY 13, 1895 Tom detected two more breaks in the gas lines Letty was out at two meetings of the State. Sunday School Association. I went with her in the afternoon and found it interesting. Elisha was here when I returned, and we had a talk about investments. I have been discounting notes of some of his customers with Papa's money. He had a suggestion that B. D. Hamlin and I should join in a loan to enable him to buy in the Union Oil Company tract. It would require a first payment from me of $12.000, with a possible call for $12.000 more He would not be able to get the deeds till he bought the lands from us, and he thought that if B. D. H. considered it a good in- -vestment for him it ought to be so for me. The objection I see is this. I want my father's money to be Harriet's, and if Elisha could not pay promptly, when I was dead ill blood might easily arise, ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B29_F2_I1_p055.JPG) THURSDAY, FEBRUARY 14, 1895 Gray day. Harry has gone to give Mr J. W. Barnes Pres. of the Primary Teachers Union Newark N.J. a sleigh ride. V. has a headache. After dinner Harriet drove Letty to the Water Works and then gave a lesson in calisthenics at the Public School in two of the rooms. She had a bad earache, but insisted on reading aloud and nursing Virginia as usual. I spent my day when not with Virginia in writing Memoir. Tom was out all the evening. Elisha came from Williamsport on the night train and Evan drove him to Kushe- -gua without returning here. Tom had to be out late waiting for an answer from Mr Elliott to whom he had telegraphed for an appointment. The town council are taking action against us. Joshua Davis told Tom that as Burgess he had signed the application to Judge Morrison for the appointment of Craven and Dr Armstrong as Trustees for the Park. Elisha has gone to Luethport about it ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B29_F2_I1_p056.JPG) FRIDAY, FEBRUARY 15, 1895 Busy over the book till the afternoon which I spent, with Letty, at a Mothers' Meeting. It was a beautiful day. The dear baby is getting a fine appetite. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B29_F2_I1_p057.JPG) SATURDAY, FEBRUARY 16, 1895 Another exquisite day, thawing fast; the first thaw for a month. Baby eating nicely, but poor Virginia has had two days of headache. I am busy with the book [The following is a newspaper clipping] NOTICE In the Matter of the Appointment of Trustees of the Kane Borough Park Lands. Notice is hereby given that on the application of the Burgess and Town Council of the Borough of Kane by petition presented to the Court of Common Pleas of McKean County on February 14th, 1895, praying for the appointment of trustees of the Kane Borough Park Lands, to fill the vacancies occurring on the deaths of Wm. Biddle and Thos. L. Kane, a rule to show cause why the prayer of said petition should not be complied with, was granted by the Court, re- turnable to the next Argument Court. NEIL C. MACEWEN, Attorney for Petitioners. Feb. 15th, 1895. See also March 7 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B29_F2_I1_p058.JPG) SUNDAY, FEBRUARY 17, 1895 A beautiful day, Elisha and Zella arrived at half past twelve A.M. having driven in after evening church. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B29_F2_I1_p059.JPG) MONDAY, FEBRUARY 18, 1895 Elisha and Tom left on the early train to consult Elliott. they returned on the 6.55 and after that they had their supper it was decided that Elisha and Zella should drive out. The road cut through the drifts is so narrow that it is difficult to pass other teams, notwithstanding the cut-offs, as there are places where one cannot see the coming of another's team. Evan had to go to Kq. too, to see two patients. The boy, plainly had, bad news, but I did not ask tonight what it was, prefer- -ring to get my nights rest, first. I was busy on the book all day. Baby is eleven months old. He spent much of today gazing out of the window having learned, how to pull himself up. The ledge is so low that he can rest his elbows on it. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B29_F2_I1_p061.JPG) WEDNESDAY, FEBRUARY 20, 1895 Lelly left us in the evening, having been a pleasant guest, helping me in my work on the book and making herself agreeable to every one. I think she enjoyed herself, too, and her health was much improved. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B29_F2_I1_p062.JPG) THURSDAY, FEBRUARY 21, 1895 Very terribly stormy. Evan says he never felt it worse. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B29_F2_I1_p063.JPG) FRIDAY, FEBRUARY 22, 1895 I did very little today except sewing and work- -ing on the book. All Harry's time is given to Virginia. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B29_F2_I1_p064.JPG) SATURDAY, FEBRUARY 23, 1895 Worked almost all day on the book, and on necessary letters and accounts. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B29_F2_I1_p065.JPG) SUNDAY, FEBRUARY 24, 1895 Cold but brilliant. Baby had a nice sleigh- ride. Poor dear Virginia feeling pretty well. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B29_F2_I1_p066.JPG) MONDAY, FEBRUARY 25, 1895 Stormed in the night but is thawing now Evan's grandfather-in-law is dying and he intends to see him, taking the one o'clock train. Poor Tom is much depressed by finding out that the Chautauqua Desk Co. is a bad in- -vestment. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B29_F2_I1_p069.JPG) THURSDAY, FEBRUARY 28, 1895 Rain and fog. Baby's rash is getting worse. Today 25 copies of Vol 1. of the Auto. arrived. It is far more interesting than I had hoped. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B29_F2_I1_p070.JPG) FRIDAY, MARCH 1, 1895 Rained all night and drizzled all day. The sleighing is still good but the fog is very disagreeable. Harry wasn't well so I went alone to the W C T U meeting, but as nearly every one had gone to Adam Merrill's funeral only Mrs Hubbard, Mrs Parsons and Mrs Be- -dell dropped in at the close of the hour. In the evening her brother took Harry to the final entertainment of the Star Course and she enjoyed it much. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B29_F2_I1_p071.JPG) SATURDAY, MARCH 2, 1895 A dull cold day. About half an inch of snow fell in the night so the thaw is over. Virginia slept well, and Evan and Tom intend going to Bradford, meeting Elisha on the way: to see about this park matter for one thing, and to try to get the President of our County Medical Association to write backing up the bill now before the Legislature to establish a State tuberculosis hospital here. I think it is a waste of time as far as trying to get it here, and a waste of the State money to establish one. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B29_F2_I1_p072.JPG) SUNDAY, MARCH 3, 1895 Brilliantly clear though cold. 148 in Sun- -day School. Mr Graham was not in church, having gone to Philadelphia on Monday and been prevented from returning by the ice-gorge. No trains are running on the P. & E. Virginia has a headache uremic I fear Mr Mc Cluskey hauled me up over the coals on account of a distorted message & foolishly sent to Willie McKnight by me. Becky did not repeat it correctly. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B29_F2_I1_p073.JPG) MONDAY, MARCH 4, 1895 Snowing hard. Evan is k called to Westline to a boy that is badly cut. Baby is as cross as two sticks and will not leave Maggie so that although it is eleven o'clock, she has not yet gone to her washing. I have been finishing up odds and ends of busi- -ness and accounts, so that I have not really wasted my morning. But I have been up since half past four owing to the alarm clock being fast and I think I am sick: that is, I ache all over (that may be cutting out a skirt) and my eyes run and and my throat is sore. Well, we'll see tomorrow. Anyway Virginia and Harry are both better, and the M. S of the Memoir is done. Also, I am up to date with the proofs. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B29_F2_I1_p074.JPG) TUESDAY, MARCH 5, 1895 Back to cold weather again; the ther- -mometer at only 8°above zero, with the sun shining, after breakfast. Harry made me stay abed so I wrote letters read and coughed and helped mind Sashy. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B29_F2_I1_p075.JPG) WEDNESDAY, MARCH 6, 1895 Snowing hard. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B29_F2_I1_p076.JPG) THURSDAY, MARCH 7, 1895 Snowing but soft and warm. Virginia feeling better, I pretty miserable but I worked all the morning cutting out two sets of pajamas for Evan. Evan went to Westline so Tom spent most of the day at the Hospital and I took care of Virginia while Harry had to go uptown twice. Evan had a very queer visit from Dr Armstrong who came to point out that Wright and Preston had joined together to consult with no one else, and that A. & K. by calling in Sweeney and McCleary instead of each other were cutting their own throats. He showed what was true that these young- sters were gaining fine practice by demon strating that the oldsters relied on them for the new college learning and proposed that Evan and he should drop them and call on each other. The Borough has got two more lawyers who called on ours to ask a postpone -ment till April. See Feby. 16th ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B29_F2_I1_p077.JPG) FRIDAY, MARCH 8, 1895 White fleecy clouds and the snow falling from the trees. Tom has gone to Jamestown to see about our unlucky investment in Chautauqua Desk Co: Elisha to Johnsonburg. I feel quite well today, but poor Virginia has a headache. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B29_F2_I1_p078.JPG) SATURDAY, MARCH 9, 1895 Well! Virginia's baby is born! She was quite well all day, but Evan thought she had better be steamed after dinner. After that Harry and I sat with her and she drew pictures and cut out envelopes while Harry read aloud to her. About half past five Tom came home and after a while Harry went down to see to getting some oysters cooked for our supper, and then Tom and I were talking over accounts when V. suddenly said she believed she had been steamed too long, for her back ached. I asked Tom to rub it gently but she said it made it worse and besides she was griped in front, and if she didn't feel better she would go to her other bed after tea. Just then the tea bell rang and we went down but Tom stayed behind. I said to Harry that I believed she was going to be ill, and that I'd like her to hurry through her supper and then take Tom's place and let him come down. Just before Evan had finished eating Tom called him and in a few minutes Evan called me to have scissors and tape ready, and to send Carl, for Lila. Well, Virginia had a sort of tonic contraction of the uterus. Evan says he had no idea how far on she was, but he and Tom placed her on the other bed, and she said she felt some- -thing coming. This was the head clearing the torn cervix, and in a few minutes the wee ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B29_F2_I1_p079.JPG) SUNDAY, MARCH 10, 1895 wee baby was born, just about 7.15 P.M. The labor being less than an hour. Lila come in time to wash and dress it. Evan had to put it in hot water to make it come to. He thinks it weighs five pounds, but it is very starved. Virginia has large hips and an old tear in the cervix so the baby just rushed through, but Evan says there is probably a new large tear, as the pain she com- -plains of is like that when people are torn. It is 11 now and both mother and child are asleep ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B29_F2_I1_p080.JPG) MONDAY, MARCH 11, 1895 Elisha was here for a little while: Virginia and the baby doing. so well that I went up to our WCTU Special meeting to make arrangements for Mrs Mair's coming. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B29_F2_I1_p081.JPG) TUESDAY, MARCH 12, 1895 Wrote among others to Mary Field. Minded baby Elisha. Evan went to Westline. This day was set for the Borough's application for the appointment of Park trustees to be heard, but they have se- -cured some more lawyers and have applied for a postponement. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B29_F2_I1_p082.JPG) WEDNESDAY, MARCH 13, 1895 It rained tremendously all night and all of us including Virginia her nurses and the baby slept too long so that the wee thing was half famished. Dear little Harry is beginning to love it already. Virginia's head aches con- -siderably. Tom is getting to look happier. Evan has taken two horses and gone to Mount Jewett hoping that the cutter can get over the bare places as the drifts are too deep yet for wheels. I have written this morning to Mrs Wright, Catherine Bell, Knoedler & Co. Helen, Mr Babcock and Letty. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B29_F2_I1_p084.JPG) FRIDAY, MARCH 15, 1895 Maggie's throat is much worse, so Evan sent her upstairs and made me take care of Sashy, and not let Maggie come near her ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B29_F2_I1_p085.JPG) SATURDAY, MARCH 16, 1895 I hardly slept at all last night. Sashy was good and slept well however and I minded him all day! also despatched two batches of corrected proof to Mr Babcock. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B29_F2_I1_p086.JPG) SUNDAY, MARCH 17, 1895 A crazy woman at the hospital has bitten Mr Rupert severely. Maggie is better and takes Sashy again. I was out at church. Mr Graham is not back yet. His wife telegraphed that he was not yet able to preach. We still have sleighing ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B29_F2_I1_p087.JPG) MONDAY, MARCH 18, 1895 A brilliant day for our sweet Sashy's birth- -day. We took him to be photographed, but probably unsuccessfully. My dear Harry has gone to visit at Kusheque and I miss her exceedingly. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B29_F2_I1_p088.JPG) TUESDAY, MARCH 19, 1895 Tiny Tom was so ill that we telegraphed for Dr Woodbury ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B29_F2_I1_p089.JPG) WEDNESDAY, MARCH 20, 1895 Dr Woodbury took the night train, reached here at noon and stayed till 7 P.M. He would take nothing but his travelling expenses. He made some changes in the baby's treatment but did not give a hopeful prognosis to me; looking, chiefly for its chance of life to the good consti- -tution of the parents. I have a letter from Chalmen breathing fire and fury against Walter. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B29_F2_I1_p090.JPG) THURSDAY, MARCH 21, 1895 Sashy has a little cold. Tiny Tom seems a little bit better. I am very busy with proofs and letter writings. The book nears the end. I have finished correcting all but the appendix. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B29_F2_I1_p091.JPG) FRIDAY, MARCH 22, 1895 We went to the W.C.T.U. meeting to prepare for Mrs Mair's coming on the 31st. Tomorrow dear Carrie is to undergo an operation. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B29_F2_I1_p092.JPG) SATURDAY, MARCH 23, 1895 A perfect day. Harry and Evan went to Warren to select flowers. They say that there was dust in the streets there. Here there is nearly a foot of snow in the woods; though the roads need wheels. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B29_F2_I1_p093.JPG) SUNDAY, MARCH 24, 1895 A heavy gray day with about two inches of fresh snow greets my eyes this morning. The wee baby slept very ill. Either he was cold or Virginia ate unwholesome things. Elisha's train did not come in – or at least if it did it was so late that he could not come. Mr Graham came back. He and his wife and baby have all been very ill with La Grippe. In the afternoon it grew mild, and Tom has taken V. for a short drive. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B29_F2_I1_p094.JPG) MONDAY, MARCH 25, 1895 A thunderstorm in the night and warm heavy rain today. We are going to move Vir- -ginia downstairs. Tom has to meet the Com- -missioners today on the appeal against increased taxation. We are all the time burdened by the thought of the Park suits and the person -al attacks made on us by the Republican. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B29_F2_I1_p099.JPG) SATURDAY, MARCH 30, 1895 Spent my morning finishing a paper on S.T.I.; was out twice with the baby. We let Miss Weeks go because Mn Gra- -ham had a miscarriage in the night and needed her. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B29_F2_I1_p100.JPG) SUNDAY, MARCH 31, 1895 The first half of today was lovely, but mare's tails in the sky foretold a rainy evening. As it was the anniversary of Blanche's death Harry and I meant to devote it to Evan, but a case of diph- theria made him put himself into quarantine, except for a short time in the afternoon when we took a drive on the Highland Road. There is onl one long drift left where the road is cut through over three feet of snow, and on our hill there is a good deal left, but it is gone from most of the roads. Mr. Mair preached twice ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B29_F2_I1_p101.JPG) MONDAY, APRIL 1, 1895 A doleful day. Wrote to Helen before break- -fast. In the afternoon Mrs. Mair lectured to us for two hours most interestingly making us feel how very little work Kane W.C.T.U. does. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B29_F2_I1_p102.JPG) TUESDAY, APRIL 2, 1895 Snowing this morning, but of course it will not lie. Am minding Sashy and while he sleeps writing. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B29_F2_I1_p103.JPG) WEDNESDAY, APRIL 3, 1895 Have had a bad neuralgic headache and lost part of the day abed, but Mr Rupert kept Sashy while I wrote to Helen and the dear baby was good enough to go to sleep early. I wrote to Katie and did accounts and went to the bank for Elisha. Now I've loaned out all Papa's money to Elisha on security of Mt Jewett Water Co. and his Railroad. He gives me 8 per cent for it and I hope I have done right. I was up at five to see Tom off. When I waked him he chatted with me for awhile and then said "Mother, I saw a ghost last night." I asked particulars and he reminded me that he sat up in his study finishing accounts after I went to bed. Then he said that he felt a queer sensation of some one being in the room, and on looking round saw the ghost distinctly for a moment and then didn't. "Man or woman?" I asked. "Oh," he said, looking surprised "It was Blanche, of course. She looked I just like herself and had on that little gray dress with the queer trimmings." I laughed, and said he must not tell Evan or he would be jealous, as he must so much to see her and cannot. An odd coincidence that Tom didn't remember was that last night is the anniversary of the day she was buried, and that the dress he spoke of was her wedding dress. She wore it out afterwards but he and he was very familiar with it. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B29_F2_I1_p104.JPG) THURSDAY, APRIL 4, 1895 Influenced by curiosity or possibly superstition, I asked Evan yesterday what he did on Tuesday evening. "Oh nothing particular, attended to a few patients and read up on a subject I wanted to know about but I was tired and went to bed early." Tom came home having seen Jack and Roberts, and has gone back to Bradford this morning. Elisha will accompany him, for Jack has had a suggestion from Stone that he would advise his clients to drop the suit and see if we would not give the Borough a small park that they could handle. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B29_F2_I1_p105.JPG) FRIDAY, APRIL 5, 1895 Evan spoke of Mr. Hubbard's illness saying that he had ordered him a change from home but that he could not afford it, so we determined to ask him and I drove down to invite him to come tomorrow. We had a busy W.C.T.U. meeting in the afternoon to choose delegates and receive some new members. I called yesterday on Mrs Gra Smith (a new member) and Mrs Crowell (a bereaved mother). This afternoon I called on Mrs Graham who is sick in bed. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B29_F2_I1_p106.JPG) SATURDAY, APRIL 6, 1895 Busy watching Tom and Mr Rupert hang the pictures in the sitting room till it was time to bring Mr Hubbard over. He wanted Charlie too, which is more than I bargained for, but it keeps Mr H. satisfied. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B29_F2_I1_p109.JPG) TUESDAY, APRIL 9, 1895 Harry tells me that Edla is grumbling about everything but particularly the waiting on Mr. Hub- -bard, not that she does any to speak of, for some of the family generally wait on him. My dear little woman has done so much running and waiting, on Virginia that Mistress Edla is thoroughly spoilt. I wrote to Mrs Morrison, the Trustees for leave to have Mrs Rounds speak in our church, to Mrs Wakelee Mrs Hirsch and Mrs Parsons; minded Sashy boy while Mag- -gie ironed from ten till four. Then I got to my sewing machine and worked till half past six when Mrs Hubbard came and we had tea, and after that I sewed and was on company manners. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B29_F2_I1_p110.JPG) WEDNESDAY, APRIL 10, 1895 Had a talk before breakfast with Edla: Perhaps she will leave ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B29_F2_I1_p114.JPG) SUNDAY, APRIL 14, 1895 A very successful Easter Sunday. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B29_F2_I1_p115.JPG) MONDAY, APRIL 15, 1895 Mr. Hubbard left, feeling very much better. In the morning, the baby who had looked blue to Mrs. Brown's thought got worse and when we got Evan away from Mrs. Byham's confinement, he thought it was dying. 25 drops of brandy and a hypodermic of strychnine revived it a little and he then, took it off the breast and put it on condensed milk and brandy given every hour. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B29_F2_I1_p116.JPG) TUESDAY, APRIL 16, 1895 Up most of the night with the baby as the nourishment and bismuth had to be given so carefully. He seems better. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B29_F2_I1_p117.JPG) WEDNESDAY, APRIL 17, 1895 Baby had a better night. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B29_F2_I1_p118.JPG) THURSDAY, APRIL 18, 1895 Could not go to the Convention with the Kane delegation. The dear little Harry with many mis- givings has gone for the day. The little baby is eccessively feeble. I sat up till twelve and got up at 5. At 10.30 A.M. he seems a little livelier. Elisha has been subpoenaed in a case of Say's. He, Elisha has an awful cold. Tomorrow the Borough's application for Trustees is to be heard. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B29_F2_I1_p119.JPG) FRIDAY, APRIL 19, 1895 Helen Watts underwent an operation; not a dangerous one except in so far as taking an anaesthetic is dangerous, but she was so fright- -ened that it took her as much resolution as it would require of a Swede to have both legs off ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B29_F2_I1_p121.JPG) SUNDAY, APRIL 21, 1895 I was married April 21, 1853. Today I felt tearful missing both Tom and my dear old father. We took old Mr. Brown to church as she leaves tomorrow and wanted to see it. Virginia stayed at home in the morning but went to Christian Endeavor and church. Fires in the woods and close by, too, along the Wilcox Road. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B29_F2_I1_p122.JPG) MONDAY, APRIL 22, 1895 Mr. Brown left at noon, and in the afternoon I had to go to a meeting. Minded Sashy a good deal. A good rain in the night. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B29_F2_I1_p123.JPG) TUESDAY, APRIL 23, 1895 Mn. Rounds' lecture; a fine one, but I was hardly in the mood to enjoy it. We took in $12.75, and paid $15. Baby's 12th tooth really through. It's a tremendous fellow. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B29_F2_I1_p124.JPG) WEDNESDAY, APRIL 24, 1895 This day being Maggie's afternoon out, Harry and I had Sashy to mind nearly the whole — yes, the whole day, and Tiny Tom all the evening as Vir- -ginia went to a concert. This plan won't work. I certainly don't intend to be child's nurse altogether, though I willingly give a very large part of my time to Sashy – boy. H. and I took him up town while we did our errands. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B29_F2_I1_p125.JPG) THURSDAY, APRIL 25, 1895 A lovely spring morning. I took charge of little Tom this [--] last night and am pretty weary. Harry doesn't feel well, so I got Lila to drive with me and hold Sashy-boy, while I did my errands, also to accompany me to visit Miss Lucy Marsh's school. 26 scholars, physiology every day, Cutter's published by Lippincott. I had Sashy-boy till eleven when I turned him over to Maggie, and at two Tom and I went to Mr. Dale's funer -al. While there the clothes-pin factory took fire and all the men slipped out. Our horse was taken by Tom to hitch on to the hose carriage. When I was ready to leave I found Tom wet to the skin blackened and miserable preparing to run home, but as I had my cloak I made him put it on and drive quickly. I think he took no harm. I had an hour's sleep and then took little Tom while Maggie had Sashy out and then, put him to bed. Went to prayer- meeting with Evan. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B29_F2_I1_p126.JPG) FRIDAY, APRIL 26, 1895 Tom took charge of Weary-my-deary last night and at 4.20 this morning I con- -cluded to go in and learn how he was prospering. Baby was in full yell, and I soon sent poor old Tom off to rest as he has hard work before him and had hard work all day. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B29_F2_I1_p127.JPG) SATURDAY, APRIL 27, 1895 Harry and I had wee Sashy out with us on our errand going nearly all day. No events. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B29_F2_I1_p128.JPG) SUNDAY, APRIL 28, 1895 A lovely day. I was so tired with a sleep- -less night that they made me sleep for an hour in the afternoon. I took care of Sashy last night that Maggie might take Tiny Tom. I had three new girls in my class today: the adjoining one, of large boys, was without a teacher and behaved so abominably that Fred Marvin left it and went to help his brother, and Harry McClusky and young Larson went over to Elisha's class, leaving the worst boy, Leo Scott alone on the platform throwing up his hat and showing off his bad conduct. His brother- -in-law is librarian and if he dares not scold Leo himself, his "Mina" will give it to him! ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B29_F2_I1_p129.JPG) MONDAY, APRIL 29, 1895 X Tom and Evan went to Buffalo, Tom to see about some machine that he wanted and Evan to attend the examinations at the University as he is one of the curators of the Medical Department. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B29_F2_I1_p130.JPG) TUESDAY, APRIL 30, 1895 Wrote long letters to Letty and Walter, and an article for the Bradford paper on the Wastefulness of Women. Dr. Grace White begged that Harry and I would help fill up an issue of the paper that is to be gotten out by the women of McKean for some charitable purpose. Everything threatened a heavy thunderstorm this afternoon, but it was clear by sunset. Evan and Tom returned from Buffalo ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B29_F2_I1_p131.JPG) WEDNESDAY, MAY 1, 1895 Promise of rain again deceptive. Little Tom very colicky and as it was Maggie's afternoon out Virginia was quite worn out with him. Evan finally ordered him half a teaspoonful of brandy which soon relieved him. He has also ordered him on emulsion of Cod Liver Oil, as he does not seem to get any fatter. Harry and I were up town in the morning with Sashy doing errands and making arrangements for Mrs Benjamin's lecture Had Sashy from five o'clock. Mrs Rupert drag- -ging him in his carriage part of the afternoon. Poor Miss Hays interviewed Evan, to receive his positive assurance that there was no work for her at the hospital this summer. She did treat the Ruperts rudely when she was there, but I can see that Mrs. Rupert is a little termagant and I have not the least doubt that she made Miss Hays uncomfortable. She is so afraid of Mrs. Hays ousting her, and thinks Miss H. was courting Evan, while Miss H. thinks the same of Lila. * Evan is very miserable at this time. I wrote to Nina Struthers and for- -got Helen for once. Evan went to Sheffield to look for a saddle-horse. The Ruperts thrust poor Lila and her Sister Blanche's widower together till he married her. * Miss Hays was damned well right Aunt Belle Kane Dr. Tom's widow gave me a good first hand account of what a pair of S.O.B.s those Ruperts were. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B29_F2_I1_p132.JPG) THURSDAY, MAY 2, 1895 A brilliant morning and no rain in the night. Little Tom was very good owing to his dose of brandy and had no colic. I finally rose at five, having only been up twice in the night. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B29_F2_I1_p134.JPG) SATURDAY, MAY 4, 1895 Another hopelessly bright day. Poor Elisha, fighting fires: Tom bothered by Markham refusal to let us have gas from the E.O'N.K lease. Little Tom did well. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B29_F2_I1_p135.JPG) SUNDAY, MAY 5, 1895 A brilliant day. Poor Elisha is fighting fires at Kushequa. The report is that Glen Hazel is "wiped out: not a house left". My Roberts Lot adjoins Glen Hazel. Mr. Bird preached for us: I liked him better than Graham. A little boy was picked up on the roadside drunk. When he came to himself he claimed that a man named "Lewry" had given it to him. A "while" (clear) "burning drink". ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B29_F2_I1_p136.JPG) MONDAY, MAY 6, 1895 Alas, another brilliant day. Little Tom gave me a bad night. Broke my spectacles, so when H. was trying on new ones she tested Virginia's eyes, and in- -cidentally found that she had dropsy again. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B29_F2_I1_p141.JPG) SATURDAY, MAY 11, 1895 Very hot weather. I never saw the orchard so beautiful. Scarcely a leaf to be seen among the snowy clouds of blossom. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B29_F2_I1_p142.JPG) ? SUNDAY, MAY 12, 1895 My 59m birthday. Zella was sick so that she and Elisha did not come in. My age doesn't feel like fifty nine to me. The wee baby is improving, and our precious Sashy is teething hard. The weather changed to very cold in the night and we shall probably have a killing frost tonight. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B29_F2_I1_p143.JPG) MONDAY, MAY 13, 1895 Yes, we did have a killing frost tonight last night. Even the Virginia creepers are turn- -ed to spinach; the glory of the orchard masses of white are dull brown. Harry's seedlings are frozen in the hot bed and the leaves are killed on the trees. Our apple crop would have been enormous (that is, of course if the boy – thieves let us have any!) Zella is worse. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B29_F2_I1_p144.JPG) TUESDAY, MAY 14, 1895 Another frost and then either cold rain or sleet all day. I did not go out, but having a day free from driving Sashy and errand going got a great deal of work done in the way of finishing up odds and ends. Kemp sent me $527 from the Hotel, but as the introduction of the water will cost over $1,000. and we have had carpets to buy as well as repairs to make, so that there will be nothing for the Hospi- -tal this half - year. Next half year there will be the taxes, insurance and balance of the cost of the water, so I presume the hospital will not get anything. Tom went to Smethport, but the Borough suit did not come up; it will tomorrow. Dr. Armstrong sent in no remonstrances against the wholesale licenses; liar that he is! ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B29_F2_I1_p145.JPG) WEDNESDAY, MAY 15, 1895 I took the baby last night as I had to be up till ten on account of Maggie, and to rise at 5 to see Tom off to the train. In the evening I drove out to Kushequa with Evan and spent the night there. Zella is very ill with neur- -algia. The left side of her face and brow is much swollen and Evan fears a hysterical paralysis. I got such a wild toothache with the cold air! ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B29_F2_I1_p146.JPG) THURSDAY, MAY 16, 1895 Evan started home after a six o'clock break- fast, but my teeth ached so that I was afraid to face the icy wind, so waited till Elisha drove up at nine by which time the frost was over, and took the train home. Went to the den- -tist's at Warren in the afternoon with Evan who was going down to take a lesson, but the dentist said it was neuralgia and there was nothing to do, so I spent a pleasant afternoon reading in the library. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B29_F2_I1_p147.JPG) FRIDAY, MAY 17, 1895 Had a grand rearranging of pictures and furniture with Mr. Rupert's help, and got a great deal of miscellaneous work done too. In the afternoon held a long W.C.T.U. meeting to arrange for the Decora- -tion Day performance. In the evening Harry and Evan went to a charity enter- -tainment and I took little Tom for the night. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B29_F2_I1_p148.JPG) X SATURDAY, MAY 18, 1895 Well: our new girl came last night and departed this morning, weeping most of the time. She said it hurt her to go up and down stairs and that she was sick and afraid of the big house. We had a circus here last night and as Virginia wanted to go, I took little Tom again, so as to go to bed early. Harry and I drove Sashy a new road today, and were out calling in the afternoon. It seems that the Fidelity has lost the British silver. Philadelphia (Bands) Trust Co. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B29_F2_I1_p149.JPG) SUNDAY, MAY 19, 1895 Rained hard till afternoon. Poor Evan is very sick with bronchitis and general break down but is going out to Elisha's to begin treat- -ing Zella. I think that Sashy has cut his lower canine tooth on the right side. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B29_F2_I1_p150.JPG) MONDAY, MAY 20, 1895 Harry came back from Kushequa headachy and sick. My whole day was spent either in convoying people to and fro on errands or minding Thomas Jr. whose mother was away all the afternoon, and whose wailing neither she nor I could soothe. Three wholesale licenses granted and a most lame explanation proffered by Armstrong. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B29_F2_I1_p151.JPG) TUESDAY, MAY 21, 1895 A beautiful morning and a fine sharp frost to kill a few apple blossoms that have opened this week. We have noticed young leaf-buds opening in the axils of the Virginia creeper and the forest trees sheltered by the dead twigs. I wonder if these are gone now! Edla leaves and we begin new servant training. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B29_F2_I1_p152.JPG) WEDNESDAY, MAY 22, 1895 Another bitter freeze: the hardest yet ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B29_F2_I1_p153.JPG) THURSDAY, MAY 23, 1895 I was out a great deal but a vague pain and sense of illness that I woke with develop- -ed into a nerve storm by the time I had to entertain the Knowles at tea. Headache eye-ache, toothache, I was in so much pain that I had to beg off from taking care of little Tom at night. Poor V. was sick, herself. I am trying to hunt up the British silver. Mr. Graham has again cleared out. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B29_F2_I1_p154.JPG) FRIDAY, MAY 24, 1895 Poor Staples! His factory burned down about midnight. G.W. Campbell tells me he had $5500 insurance only. I'm glad Elisha had sold out even at the great loss that he did! Tom's bronchitis was still so bad that they did not let him go out. As for me I was so ex- -hausted that I slept so soundly I never heard a sound, although the roar of the flames and the voices of the men were plainly audible. Tom has gone out canvassing for John Campbell with him and G.W.C. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B29_F2_I1_p155.JPG) SATURDAY, MAY 25, 1895 Busy with Sashy, errands and making a shirt-waist for myself: shortened three petticoats for little Tom too. Harry is working very hard in training our new waitress. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B29_F2_I1_p156.JPG) SUNDAY, MAY 26, 1895 A showery day: the weather turning warmer. Naughty Graham away today, but we had a much better sermon than he would have given us from a Mr. Kendall of the Erie Y.M.C.A. on "Mary hath chosen the better part which shall not be taken away." Somewhere in the sermon he touched a chord that awoke in my heart the sense of the joys of the coming heavenly meeting with Tom and my dear father. We also had some hymns that I liked—Hark, hark, my soul, angelic sounds are swelling "among them. I learned that in 1877 when I was in the Thomson House grounds, one Sunday, convalescing. Harry has gone to church this evening with Evan who is wretchedly ill with bronchi -tis, if not pneumonia. [arrow pointing up toward "pneumonia"] and should, as a doctor, have had sense enough to stay home —E Kent ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B29_F2_I1_p157.JPG) MONDAY, MAY 27, 1895 Gray raw weather. Harry and I walked to Swanson's store in the afternoon, but for the rest we were busy at home. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B29_F2_I1_p158.JPG) TUESDAY, MAY 28, 1895 A lovely morning. Evan has gone to a consultation and operation at Johnsonburg. Little Sashy's chest measure is 19 inches. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B29_F2_I1_p159.JPG) WEDNESDAY, MAY 29, 1895 Harry and I gave up the whole day to prepar- -ing wreaths, bouquets and so forth for Decoration Day. Tomorrow our Union intends to have the Y.M.C.A. Rooms opened for the entertainment of the RR. men and veterans. We made 223 button- -hole bouquets, four large ones, four wreaths and four crosses. In the evening we had tea early and Tom and Virginia Harry and Fanny Denning drove out to Kanesholm Cemetery to decor- -ate Mr. Collinge's grave. It had been the in- -tention to decorate Frank Huff's at the nearer cemetery, but not finding it they put the flowers on Mrs and Miss Hubbard's graves. I took care of Tiny Tom till Maggie came up at eight when I lay down and rested till just before they came home. I have two beautiful (bought) wreaths, for my own darling's grave: one to be given to the Sons of Veterans. Poor Evan goes out every night to Zella and returns to his hard work in town. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B29_F2_I1_p162.JPG) SATURDAY, JUNE 1, 1895 Very hot in spite of a strong wind. Fires in every direction. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B29_F2_I1_p163.JPG) SUNDAY, JUNE 2, 1895 A dreadfully anxious day — fires in every direction. There was a telegram warning Elisha to protect the bark on the Roberts Lot. He sent Jim Landrigan with sixty dollars to try what he could get the Dutch settlers to do, but he himself had about nine thousand dollars worth of bark and logs burned before the wind fell at sunset, between Kushequa and Windfall Run. Harry and Evan drove out to Elisha's after tea. The baby boys both fretful on account of the heat, and as Maggie was out Virginia and I had our hands full. The owners of Hazelhurst and Glen Hazel lands must have lost terribly. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B29_F2_I1_p164.JPG) MONDAY, JUNE 3, 1895 Another terrible day. The telephone is not working from here to Kushequa now, but we have enough to worry us here as the town is surrounded by fire on all sides. Seven wells were burned in West Kane, and three houses. Lafferty's house was on fire though easily put out. Yet for all that, crowd, went to the circus: among them Tom and his wife and all the servants. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B29_F2_I1_p165.JPG) TUESDAY, JUNE 4, 1895 All of us up at five, blinded and choking with smoke while the sun glares without promise of rain. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B29_F2_I1_p166.JPG) WEDNESDAY, JUNE 5, 1895 Evan and I left home on the early train and ran down to Harrisburgh meaning to call on Senators and the Governor about his Hospital appropriation which was expected to come up tomorrow. After the rain the travelling was pleasant till we passed Lock Haven when clouds settled down as a warm fog. On reaching Hbg. we drove at once to counsel with Isaac Brown who advised our not bothering the much harassed Governor. The Appropriation Bills were already on, so we went to the Senate and sat for two hours till Evan's bill passed third reading. Rain began to fall as we sat there and cooled the air. After tea we called on the Bannons: and then I read De Commelles on Hypnotism till Evan was sleepy. As we were to be called at 2 A.M. we went to bed at 8.30 PM ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B29_F2_I1_p167.JPG) THURSDAY, JUNE 6, 1895 Rose at 2 A.M. and might have stayed abed 3/4 of an hour longer as they called us for the Pittsburg instead of the Erie Mail (TRAIN). The day was cool and pleasant, but either Hbq. disagreed with Evan or his grippe has transferred itself to his bowels. He is really ill. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B29_F2_I1_p168.JPG) FRIDAY, JUNE 7, 1895 Evan had to give up and go to bed. Harry stayed with him while I went to the meeting of our Ms. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B29_F2_I1_p169.JPG) SATURDAY, JUNE 8, 1895 Sashy weighs with his clothes 23 lbs 6 oz. walked two steps alone yesterday. Evan operated on Mrs Wood with some anxiety because the man from Newtown has erysipelas. He has been moved to the outward. Evan was so much better this morning that he not only got up, but went to all his work in the hospital, and afterwards to Newtown and Mead Run. Operating on a syphilized wretch named Perrine he has pricked his finger which distresses us. With great contrivings Harry and I got time enough to pay three long overdue calls. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B29_F2_I1_p170.JPG) SUNDAY, JUNE 9, 1895 A perfect summer Sunday. Evan came to break- -fast complaining of pain and ate hardly anything. He says Mrs. Wood shows erysipelas round her wound ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B29_F2_I1_p172.JPG) TUESDAY, JUNE 11, 1895 Great anxiety about fires. Little Tom shows signs of disordered bowels. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B29_F2_I1_p173.JPG) WEDNESDAY, JUNE 12, 1895 Clear windy weather, nothing to check the fires. Lila took Sashy last night, but the experiment will not work. What V. wants is to be free afternoons and evenings. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B29_F2_I1_p175.JPG) FRIDAY, JUNE 14, 1895 Wrote to Cousin Anne, minded babies, made a cap for Thomas, hung pictures, put bureaus in order, put away the wash, drove to town on errands. Evan had a letter from J. Solis– Cohen about sending consumptive patients here. Plenty of fires about. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B29_F2_I1_p176.JPG) SATURDAY, JUNE 15, 1895 Exquisite day. Evan went to see Solis-Cohen about taking some Consumptives. I wrote a notice of the L.T.L performance and letters to Miss Smith, Mrs Schuyler and Mrs Fuller. Sashy has cut his 15th tooth three days before he is fifteen months old. He has also walked a few steps alone. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B29_F2_I1_p177.JPG) SUNDAY, JUNE 16, 1895 FIRES Not a sign of rain: the grass is like a doormat. Elisha has been up all night with the dreadful fires. Last night he had to set a back-fire from behind his house. This afternoon he thought he had all the fires under control and hoped to get a good sleep, but alas at six o'clock a new fire burst out close to his principal store of bark. How long, O Lord, how long! My poor much-tried boy. Do have pity on him! Little Tom was baptised today and has been very active and lively. Sashy has made one of those sudden jumps of development which seem to characterise a res- -pite from teething. Tonight he was deter- -mined to hold his spoon and his cup and feed himself, and the excitement of doing it made him eat and drink three times as much as usual. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B29_F2_I1_p178.JPG) MONDAY, JUNE 17, 1895 Very bad fires at and above Kushequa. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B29_F2_I1_p179.JPG) TUESDAY, JUNE 18, 1895 Went out with Evan to Kushequa after a half past five breakfast. The valley was full of smoke but the bad fire was over, and Elisha said he was pretty safe except on the west. In the afternoon the old fire in the corner of our woods revived, and a new one started up. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B29_F2_I1_p180.JPG) WEDNESDAY, JUNE 19, 1895 Virginia isn't feeling well, having checked the sickness that started on Monday. Evan and Tom were so worried by not being able to hear from Elisha that they went all over the line themselves yesterday evening; found five breaks and in one place the wire twisted round another line. I worked all day in the garret; house- cleaning till I was exhausted. Fire on both sides of the house. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B29_F2_I1_p181.JPG) THURSDAY, JUNE 20, 1895 RAIN Virginia has a bad headache. The blessed rain began this afternoon. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B29_F2_I1_p182.JPG) FRIDAY, JUNE 21, 1895 Rained all night, and half of the day. Evan opera- -ted on his foot himself, using the salt anasthetic solution. Only five at the meeting including Harry and myself. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B29_F2_I1_p183.JPG) SATURDAY, JUNE 22, 1895 EK <$12,000 loss–> Evan was very sick all morning but thought he would feel better in the air so in the afternoon we set out in the Surrey with Harry and Sashy. At the gate we met Elisha who accompanied us and we had a lovely drive to the Chemical Works. Elisha reckons (a guess) that the loss by the fires, stoppage of the mills and so forth will not reach $12.000. Lila Rupert went to Edinboro. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B29_F2_I1_p184.JPG) SUNDAY, JUNE 23, 1895 WT. 3131 A charming day and Evan was much better, but so restless that after dinner we took a long lovely drive to the Chemical Works. <3 31> Sashy was with us, and we picked up Elisha at had Elisha too. Naughty Graham was off again. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B29_F2_I1_p185.JPG) MONDAY, JUNE 24, 1895 Thunder showers in the early morning. Elisha begged me to loan him $1000. for a few days, but I could only spare $900. He promises it back posi- -tively from some Merriam cash that is overdue. I told him that it must come back, and reminded him that he had borrowed and forgotten nearly $600 already in the last two months. He was astounded. My day was given up to Evan and the babies. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B29_F2_I1_p186.JPG) TUESDAY, JUNE 25, 1895 We had some showers. Thomas has been sick, I fear from my buying evaporated cream instead of condensed milk for him, but I hope he is on the mend. Evan drove Harry, Sashy and myself to Clarenceville. We all enjoyed the drive. In the after- -noon and evening Evan went to attend his patients as usual. He expects to go to Phila tomorrow evening so as to meet Dr. Cohen and Mr. Duhring supt. of the Home for Consumptives at Germantown ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B29_F2_I1_p187.JPG) WEDNESDAY, JUNE 26, 1895 Elisha in a X bad jam. Thomas still sick. Evan's remedies however, I hope, will keep him from being very sick. I am writing this at six A.M. having risen before five to take the baby and relieve his parents. He had no passage at all in the night, but as he has calo- -mel with his bismuth and salol I presume it is griping him. Last night Duncan's account of his purchases for me arrived. He has bought at the sale of Papa's books ($40.55 the price) all that beautiful edition of the Waverley Novels in 48 volumes that were the pride of the young pair and so respected by me in my childhood. I got these for Harriet Wood, believing she will be the best caretaker of them, and only paid $18. for them. The others are not valuable except in so far as Papa would not have wished them sold out of his family. X Elisha is in a terrible strait for money, as owing to the drought and fires he could not run his mills, and is short $12,000 for next Monday's payments. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B29_F2_I1_p188.JPG) THURSDAY, JUNE 27, 1895 I kept the baby last night as Tom and Virginia went to a party. He had a severe colic in the evening, but was good all night, only waking enough to take his food and medicine. I slept ill because of the feeling that I could not rely on the alarm clock to waken me to rouse the servants to prepare Elisha's breakfast. I made Virginia come and sleep in the baby's room when I got up at 5.20. Last night and yesterday afternoon we had severe thunderstorms; today is steadily rainy. Evan went to Philadelphia yesterday evening. Elisha has borrowed everything Tom or I have. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B29_F2_I1_p189.JPG) FRIDAY, JUNE 28, 1895 Yesterday afternoon a woman came screaming for help to the house as she and her young sister had been attacked by two men, down near the stile. Tilly flew to the rescue, and was followed by Ellen Quigley and Carl. The men took them- -selves off and the women came up here. Tom shortly after returned and after a violent strug- -gle captured one of the men. We had a great time of excitement ending in Tom's and my going to Johnsonberg where the women had gone. The Chief of Police telegraphs from there that the women had a bad name; so we concluded to have the man well scared with a threat to lynch him and let him go. Evan returned having ar- -ranged to receive the consumptives. Harry has a bad sore throat ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B29_F2_I1_p192.JPG) MONDAY JULY 1, 1895 Minded babies and weeded strawberries all the forenoon. In the afternoon Evan took Harry, Sashy and me a long lovely drive, down to Wilcox, on to Burning Well and across to Wilkins' by the new road. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B29_F2_I1_p193.JPG) TUESDAY, JULY 2, 1895 GLASS WORKS BURNS- The main-building of the Glass Works burned down last night between 12 and 2 o'clock. Tom returned, wet, hoarse and exhausted, having had the hose turned on him accidentally while leading the Hook. He says there were five drunken men asleep in the building one of whom probably set fire to it, as the works had closed on Saturday night and there was no fire going. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B29_F2_I1_p194.JPG) WEDNESDAY, JULY 3, 1895 Harry and I spent the morning notifying people to come and sew for the McEwens on Frid afternoon and then the McEwens changed their minds and did not want it, though they changed again. In the afternoon Miss Marshall read to the consumptives. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B29_F2_I1_p195.JPG) THURSDAY, JULY 4, 1895 A gray day this morning; will probably rain by noon if not before. Saturnalia as usual; men- -servants off by ten o'clock, women discontented because I won't let them all go before dinner. Tom and Virginia intended to carry Thomas with them to spend the day and night at Ky. but Evan opposed it on account of whooping cough being in the valley, so they had to leave him behind Tom got a special policeman to watch the house thinking Harry and I could accompany them to Ky. but of course it was practicable. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B29_F2_I1_p198.JPG) SUNDAY, JULY 7, 1895 Spent at Chautauqua. Sashy started out alone and tottered all over the wide halls by himself. The darling was pretty troublesome so that we benefited little by the trip. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B29_F2_I1_p199.JPG) MONDAY, JULY 8, 1895 From Jamestown via Scandia and Kinzua Rainy all the morning. Evan joined us on the 10.25 boat. We dined in Jamestown and then returned to our carriage trip. The clouds broke away and though we saw storms flying over the mountains we missed each one. We turn- -ed from the road to Warren at Russell: climbed the mountain to a thriving Swedish settlement called Scandia, which we passed through about 5 P. M. Then we began a terribly steep descent through lonely woods over an abominable road, coming out about eight o'clock on the Allegheny river at Half Breed's Crossing. We were ferried over on a raft. Hour miles down the river we came to Kinzua and put up at the Maple Shade Hotel for the night. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B29_F2_I1_p200.JPG) TUESDAY, JULY 9, 1895 We gladly left our forlorn hostelry, the rest driving to Kane and I taking the train to Bradford for the Ex. meeting of our WCTU. Harry tells me that Sashy actually sobbed for joy when he saw Maggie. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B29_F2_I1_p201.JPG) WEDNESDAY, JULY 10, 1895 My precious little Harry's fortieth birthday. What could I do without her. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B29_F2_I1_p206.JPG) MONDAY, JULY 15, 1895 Sashy weighs in his skin 22 lbs. 13 oz. His clothes with his red jacket make an additional 1 lb 11 oz. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B29_F2_I1_p208.JPG) WEDNESDAY, JULY 17, 1895 Maggie's afternoon out and she never came back tilll half past twelve. I was provoked for poor Harry has intercostal neuralgia and did not sleep till I came. We, Evan, Sashy and I started to drive out to Kq. but met Elisha and Zella coming in. I sat in the wagon with Elisha Junior most of the af- -ternoon while Elisha Senior attended to various errands. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B29_F2_I1_p209.JPG) THURSDAY, JULY 18, 1895 Fanny being in the hayfield, Harry and I walked to town and attended to errands till 11 A.M. There is a delicious breeze, but a curious smoky haze, probably from the Michigan fires. Evan went out to Kushequa on the early train. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B29_F2_I1_p210.JPG) FRIDAY, JULY 19, 1895 Meeting of our Union in Evan's office ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B29_F2_I1_p211.JPG) SATURDAY, JULY 20, 1895 Two of the consumptives had to go back to Philadelphia tonight to their intense regret. One had had hemorrhages and the other, who acts as nurse had to go back with him. Weather very warm. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B29_F2_I1_p212.JPG) SUNDAY, JULY 21, 1895 A much needed rain came with a thunderstorm in the afternoon. Sashy is well again though looking thin. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B29_F2_I1_p213.JPG) MONDAY, JULY 22, 1895 Rainy soft misty day. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B29_F2_I1_p216.JPG) THURSDAY, JULY 25, 1895 A soft and misty blueness in the atmosphere. Catherine went to Smethport with Tom, and they used their bi- cycles from Ormsby to Smethport. Harry and I in- tended to use Fanny for errands but V. never brought her home till twelve and left her baby to Maggie so that Harry and I had to take care of him & Sashy, and so we alternated. However Tom sleeps a good deal so I got work done. In the afternoon Elisha talked about a Mr. Brown or Wilson whom he wants to hire at $150. a month to help him. Harry and I called with Sashy on the Grahams and Mr. Weeks, and Fanny broke her bridle in trying to graze. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B29_F2_I1_p217.JPG) FRIDAY, JULY 26, 1895 This is a most beautiful day, and I have spent it up till eleven o'clock in small details. How do my days fly by? Well, just as this does. Up in the night to see why Sashy cried: it was because he chose to get up and sit in his chair with the light turned on and refused to go to bed again. Rose permanently at six, dressed, read my Bible and, hunted for a paper which finally proved to be in Tom's pocket. After breakfast wheeled Sashy for about an hour, then did accounts, tidied my desk and sorted papers, measured a chair, filled my inkstand and am intending to write to Lelly. Tom was up all night at a confinement. In the afternoon Evan drove Sashy and me to Kushequa and back as he had to have Lila Rupert dress the bed of the woman who was confined. She drove with us to Mount Jewett where she attended to some business for Evan while we went on down. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B29_F2_I1_p218.JPG) SATURDAY, JULY 27, 1895 No greater contrast to yesterday could be devised. It began to rain about seven and is a detestable morning. During a temporary hold up Catherine and Virginia drove to see a well shot on the Kane lands. Evan was kept up till twelve last night and is overwhelmed with work, as he has 19 patients in the hospital. Another nurse is badly wanted, and the Ruperts need another servant: their Selma have taken to her bed from overwork. I spent all the morning in minding babies and doing accounts, and nearly all the afternoon in puzzling out how to use a tuck marker on the machine. Finally I took it apart and found that it had been wrongly put together and could not be made to work as it was. When adjusted, I tucked two frocks for Sashy. In the evening read a painful story, "Father Stafford." ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B29_F2_I1_p219.JPG) SUNDAY, JULY 28, 1895 Cloudy and uncertain weather this morning, but it cleared up into a beautiful day. An Ohio minis- -ter, Rev. Mr Swann preached a good sermon that went to my heart. In the afternoon Evan drove Sashy and me to Wilcox. We got home at a quar- -ter to six when I gave my pet his supper and held him while I took mine. Then I put him to sleep, wrote to Harriet and now write this. Tom and Virginia expect to go to Chautauqua tomorrow leaving Thomas with us. I hope the poor wee man, who is sick, won't get worse. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B29_F2_I1_p220.JPG) 3 dull generations to tea. MONDAY, JULY 29, 1895 Beautiful weather till teatime. After that it rained gently. Elisha, Tom and Virginia, Evan and I had an early breakfast and the married pair departed for Chautauqua. H. and I took Sashy on the errand drive and as it was so lovely thought we would pick up Mr. and Mrs Swann. As they were out, we took painter Friedlander. We had dinner as Evan had a cervix and perineal operation to do for Dr Earley. Then he had to go to Kushequa, and took Catherine for the drive: then he returned as fast as possible, having been telegraphed for to go to John sonburg to perform intubation, and when he returned late at night had to come over here for the gallon of milk we give the hospital at present. At home we had the three generations of Grahams to tea: dull, dull evening. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B29_F2_I1_p221.JPG) TUESDAY, JULY 30, 1895 Rainy this morning. Maggie had both babies last night ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B29_F2_I1_p222.JPG) WEDNESDAY, JULY 31, 1895 Wrote to Helen and minded babies and worked in the house as the weather was dull. Walked up town in the afternoon with Catherine. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B29_F2_I1_p223.JPG) THURSDAY, AUGUST 1, 1895 Very queer cloudy weather, threatening snow in the morning but warming as the day went on. In the morning we had planned to drive out to attempt to secure Ida, but were afraid to risk Sashy. So we took heart of grace and went in the afternoon. Ida will try to come soon, but cannot come immediately. Someone, we think Elisha, has deposited $800. to the credit of the hospital. Little Tom's food or something does not agree well with him, and Evan thinks of changing to cows milk for him. I was busy putting away clothes minding children, doing accounts and finishing tucking all of Sashy's frocks that are not in the wash . ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B29_F2_I1_p224.JPG) FRIDAY, AUGUST 2, 1895 Reports of Supts at meeting as well as arranging for Convention. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B29_F2_I1_p226.JPG) SUNDAY, AUGUST 4, 1895 Evan was called out of church this morning by a strange accident to Friedlander the artist. He went to raise a heavy window in the reading room which had a broken pane of glass. His hand slipped upward with such force that the glass cut the extensor tendons of three fingers of the left hand, through. Yesterday midnight too poor Lippert had a threatening of paralysis. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B29_F2_I1_p227.JPG) MONDAY AUGUST 5, 1895 I was so tired out with a week's care of Thomas at night that Lila will take him tonight Probably she will do so if it can be ar- -ranged, five nights in the week. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B29_F2_I1_p228.JPG) TUESDAY, AUGUST 6, 1895 Heavy fierce thunderstorms marked today and last night, but we had Sashy out twice. The last few days have shown imagination at work. He goes from place to place pretending to pick up things to feed us with. Evan is much annoyed by an order from Duhring to send back the consumptives when their two weeks are up. This will not only be bad for them, but it looks as if Mrs. Bennett had been making mischief Evan thinks has sl repeated to Duhring the things she said of him as if said by Evan. We shall not only be greatly out of pocket by the fitting up of rooms, but also the reputation of the hospital will suffer. Duhring's excuse is that the price is too high. It may be that some women will be sent up, however. Evan is saddled with poor Jackson as a surgical nurse, too. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B29_F2_I1_p229.JPG) WEDNESDAY, AUGUST 7, 1895 A rainy night but with a promise of clearing weather. We expect Tom and Virginia tonight Little Thomas slept well, but Sashy had terrifying dreams, probably from a wild game of lighting and extinguishing the gas just before he went to bed. Walked up in the afternoon to a prayer meeting of the College Band. Little Tom has a diarr - hoea. Wrote to Helen and Letty. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B29_F2_I1_p230.JPG) THURSDAY, AUGUST 8, 1895 Beautiful morning. Tom and V. returned last night but I kept the baby. He had one passage at 4 A.M. but kept me awake till I rose at six. Evan was called out to a con- finement after tea. Harry, Zella and Catherine went to Chautauqua. The wee baby is sick. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B29_F2_I1_p231.JPG) FRIDAY, AUGUST 9, 1895 Baby pretty ill: some blood in his last passage, wrote to H. not to expect Evan & me tomorrow. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B29_F2_I1_p232.JPG) SATURDAY, AUGUST 10, 1895 The baby was so far from well at 4 A.M. that Evan and I gave up the day, trip to Chautauqua to hear General Gordon on The Last Days of the Confederacy. Harry said it was a deeply interesting lecture. Gordon is now old and feeble, and when he had spoken for an hour and a half he proposed to stop but the crowded amphitheatre shouted to him to go on so he lectured for 2 ½ hours. The dear baby was much better as the day went on though Evan had to put him on Mellin's food without milk ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B29_F2_I1_p233.JPG) SUNDAY, AUGUST 11, 1895 Beautiful morning. Yesterday evening the sky had beautiful waving streaks — aurora borealis? ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B29_F2_I1_p234.JPG) MONDAY, AUGUST 12, 1895 A pretty idle day, for we drove up town on errands in the morning, and then out on the Smethport Road and home by Four Brothers Road. And by the bye my morning began early for I was waked by poor little Tom's crying at half past four, rose at five, breakfasted at six and drove Zella to Byham's returning in time to preside at the family break fast. I wrote to Harriet and minded Sashy till we took him driving. After dinner we took him on a short drive, left him at half past four to get his supper and then Harry Catherine and I drove all the way to Harry's farm. Evan expected six consumptive women and their nurse. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B29_F2_I1_p235.JPG) TUESDAY, AUGUST 13, 1895 Cool and brilliantly clear. I woke early full of plans and after breakfast Harry drove me to town leaving me at Mrs Mc Coy's. I paid a long visit there. Then having settled a lot of things about our Union I called on a sick Mrs Bartleson; then on Mrs Hall, then on Mr Horton — all business of our Union or my County work. It was noon then and I came back to dinner. Then Catherine drove me to call on Mrs James and Mrs Mather. Then we picked up Mrs Chas. Arthur Jones (all in the WCTU work) and intended to drive to Highland. But by the time we got Harry and Sashy it was so late that we took the Four Brothers drive. When we deposited Mrs Jones at home we found that Evan thinking us gone to Highland had gone after us. So we had to turn and go after him, and pursued him about three miles We never got, home till nearly seven and Sashy was very tired, not to speak of his grandmother I forgot too that I called on the Grahams and secured Mr & Mrs to join the Union and old Mrs G. to deliver a Missionary address on Saturday. In the afternoon too I called on Mrs Cook and gave her 65c. to pay her dues if she wishes to join the Union. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B29_F2_I1_p236.JPG) WEDNESDAY, AUGUST 14, 1895 Beautiful morning. Wrote to Professor Horton enclosing copy of School Law, to Mrs. Wakelee about programme for Convention, to Mrs. Sarah and Mrs. Louise Parsons, to Mrs Chas. Arthur Jones, Mrs. Hubbard and Miss Malone -- all W.C.T.U. business before 10 A.M. called on Mrs Hubbard The rest of the day spent in driving about with Sashy till he was as tired of it as I am. Headache from fatigue. Catherine went on the bicycle to Sergeant where we picked her up after Evan had paid a call there. She was well tired of waiting, as Evan had been summoned to set an arm as well as to pay a visit after she started. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B29_F2_I1_p237.JPG) THURSDAY, AUGUST 15, 1895 Gray sky this morning. Finished letter to Helen, and put away clothes. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B29_F2_I1_p242.jpg) TUESDAY, AUGUST 20, 1895 Wrote to Pat. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B29_F2_I1_p245.jpg) FRIDAY, AUGUST 23, 1895 This afternoon Evan arranged to keep free to take Catherine on a long-promised bi-cycle ride. He bor- -rowed Miss Malone's wheel for her and Lila Ru- -pert accompanied them. The plan was to have an early dinner and ride down to Wilcox, returning on the four o'clock train. Harry and I, after our market errands had to drive out to Lantz, 8 miles, to see Ida Anderson and we kept dinner waiting an hour. Then that made Evan late in starting and the party missed the train by 15 minutes. Evan had to ride back the whole long uphill nine miles, and get the surrey for the others. Tom and I set off about six o'clock to meet them and then Tom went in the slow wagon while Evan Lila and I took the fast horse. Near home Carl came riding after us to meet us to say that Evan ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B29_F2_I1_p246.jpg) SATURDAY, AUGUST 24, 1895 Harry and I had a deal more baby tending than we wanted, today, as Virginia was off all the morning till dinner time and all the afternoon from three till seven. However, she had been use- -ful in an operation from five o'clock. I have had old Mrs. Parsons here all the week making over some old hair cushions into baby pillows and piazza cushions. When not minding babies I am getting reports ready. I wrote to Dr Woodbury this morning asking him to let me know when the Mississippi Valley Medical Convention meets as I want Evan and Harriet to go. Evan had a very dangerous operation this afternoon on a man who thought he had a swelling from having swal -lowed a fish-bone years ago. It turned out to be a tumour involving the sub-lingual gland. Evan is trying asbestos dressings. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B29_F2_I1_p247.jpg) SUNDAY, AUGUST 25, 1895 A perfect day. Harry and Evan have gone out with Sashy so this afternoon I have had time to write to Harriet and to a Mrs. Collins who has lost her baby, inviting her to stay here during the Convention. Mr Graham preached a sermon which we have heard in whole or in part more than once. The catchword is Given the universe - to find out God. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B29_F2_I1_p248.jpg) MONDAY, AUGUST 26, 1895 Elisha was made very angry today by finding that Miss Malone had gone on an excursion to Niagara when she should have been making preparations to issue the Leader as a daily. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B29_F2_I1_p249.jpg) TUESDAY, AUGUST 27, 1895 Nothing remarkable occurred today; Virginia, Evan and Tom attended Mrs. English's funeral. Harry had an eye-patient who is going to be a sad trouble to her – a workman with a bit of steel deeply em- -bedded in his eye, too deep to get it out. I finished my report to Mrs. Lovell; and also a little travelling frock for Sashy to be made out of some pieces of stuff that poor Blanche had saved up to make some garment for her expected darling. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B29_F2_I1_p250.jpg) WEDNESDAY, AUGUST 29, 1895 We plan driving to Ridgway this afternoon. — Instead of Ridgway we went to Warren, Catherine, Harry, Evan, Sashy and myself. The drive was exquisite. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B29_F2_I1_p251.jpg) THURSDAY, AUGUST 29, 1895 Returned from Warren. The rain poured in torrents but ceased just as we entered Kane. Yet we had enjoyed our drive. In the evening had a telegram summoning me to Catskill as there had been an accident to Harriet, my sister. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B29_F2_I1_p252.jpg) FRIDAY, AUGUST 30, 1895 All day long spent in reaching Rochester owing to the trains not connecting. Tom went with me and put me on the West Shore train at 8:50 P.M. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B29_F2_I1_p253.jpg) SATURDAY, AUGUST 31, 1895 Horses Reached Catskill Village at 4.23 A.M. and waited in the depot till 6 when life began to appear in a wee tavern across the road. I got a wash, a breakfast and a man to drive me to the Summit Hill House, where I took another breakfast and got a room. I found that James had treated Helen, Harriet, Julia and the little girls to a drive. He had been given a runaway team without any warning of their propensities, and they ran within a minute of leaving the house. All the party were thrown out, Harriet sustaining a fracture of the temporal bone and a concussion at the back of the brain, Helen a terribly bruised face, Julia a dislocated arm. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B29_F2_I1_p259.jpg) FRIDAY, SEPTEMBER 6, 1895 Left Catskill at ten. Mrs. Nidlet most kindly escorting me to the boat in her own "hired" carriage. Had a beautiful day for the lovely sail down the Hudson. I have had two charming drives with Mrs. N. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B29_F2_I1_p260.jpg) SATURDAY, SEPTEMBER 7, 1895 I reached home after a pleasant journey and found all my dear ones well and glad to meet me. Craven and W.B. Smith are appointed to act as trustees for the Park. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B29_F2_I1_p261.jpg) SUNDAY, SEPTEMBER 8, 1895 Montmorenci A delightful Sunday. After dinner Evan drove Sashy and me to Montmorenci where neither of us had ever been. The grand view was a great surprise to us. It is odd that we hadn't the least idea whither our road led until we saw the rotting paling of the old deer park. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B29_F2_I1_p262.jpg) MONDAY, SEPTEMBER 9, 1895 Very busy with my report. Tom Virginia and the baby left on the early train. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B29_F2_I1_p263.jpg) TUESDAY, SEPTEMBER 10, 1895 Finished my report and my arrears of correspondence. Attended to various matters about the convention – soliciting hospitality and so forth. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B29_F2_I1_p264.jpg) WEDNESDAY, SEPTEMBER 11, 1895 Worked all day in preparing the house for our guests some of whom will arrive tonight. Mrs Rupert and I entertain four to six at the Sanitarium, Harry is decorating the church and having the final rehearsal of her little "interlude." ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B29_F2_I1_p265.jpg) THURSDAY, SEPTEMBER 12, 1895 [Newspaper Clipping] THE VOICE THURSDAY, SEPTEMBER 12, 1895. ----------------------- Elisha K. Kane is about to start in Kane, Pennsylvania, a daily paper, the politics of which will be Prohibition. We have seen no prospectus nor outline of plans and don't even know what the name of the paper will be; but, from what we know of Mr. Kane, we have no hesitancy in saying that he is sure to know what he is about, and the Prohibition- ists can bank upon his loyalty. --------------------- Busy all day with the Convention. Elisha and Zella and Rev. Henrietta G. Moore at night. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B29_F2_I1_p266.jpg) FRIDAY, SEPTEMBER 13, 1895 Dr and Mrs McCartey were added to the house- -party. Dear little Harry sparkled about the Conven- -tion as usual; read a bright little paper on "The Kitchen Drain," and had a Dramatic Interlude called "Going to the Convention" in the evening, the "Y" evening depended almost wholly on the Kane Ys and was a good entertainment. No, I remember others helped well. I am chosen delegate to the State Convention and find it not so easy to withdraw as I thought it would be. Much worried about H M W who won't eat, Helen writes. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B29_F2_I1_p267.jpg) SATURDAY, SEPTEMBER 14, 1895 Well: they're all gone at last. Poor Harry was too worn out to see them off but I was up at five. We brought all our vases plantes, flags etc. home. Evan, Tom, Catherine and Lila rode to Johnsonburg on bicycle, and re- -turned by train, worn out. The last news from X H.M.W. is better. She had gone down to Helen's room for half an hour, and the doctor had threatened her with forced feeding if she did not take half a glass of milk every four hours. X Helen Mason Wood? Her father Wm. Wood's 3d wife. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B29_F2_I1_p277.jpg) TUESDAY, SEPTEMBER 24, 1895 Walter Wood Jr. was married today to Nathalie Wilmer – a Roman Catholic. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B29_F2_I1_p281.jpg) SATURDAY, SEPTEMBER 28, 1895 I worked at home in the morning. In the afternoon called by request on Mrs. Knowles whom I found very ill and very unhappy over her daughter. Then I went to see Evan and found him so ill that I stayed with him till bedtime. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B29_F2_I1_p282.jpg) SUNDAY, SEPTEMBER 29, 1895 I spent nearly all day with Evan at the hospital, coming home only in time to undress Sashy. Found Harry with headache and fever, having chill after chill. She probably took cold while driving, yesterday and then fixed it by going first to the overheated Congregational Church and then to our Sunday School, which was icy-cold. And in the afternoon she went out and covered plants from the frost. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B29_F2_I1_p283.jpg) MONDAY, SEPTEMBER 30, 1895 Harry very ill all day. Evan had a very bad night and came home in the morning, to have a stitch removed. I gave the chloroform and Tom took the stitch out. Evan was much relieved, and in the afternoon was able to perform an operation on a little girl's jaw. Harry's cold has settled in her bowels. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B29_F2_I1_p284.jpg) TUESDAY, OCTOBER 1, 1895 Harry is a little better, although very ill. Catherine and I have pulled the stems from six baskets of grapes which are now on the fire to make jelly of Evan has gone to read his paper on Asbestos a a Surgical Dressing at the Co. Medical Society. He is very weak but better. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B29_F2_I1_p285.jpg) WEDNESDAY, OCTOBER 2, 1895 Harry continues better. The girls, i.e. Virginia, Catherine and Lila Rupert, with Tom are going to bicycle to Wilcox and back. Virginia promises to be back to take her baby at 4.10. I wrote to Helen, Mrs. Wakelee, Carrie Perry, Mrs. Powell and -Flory and have still to write to Mrs. Howe and Mrs Schuyler ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B29_F2_I1_p286.jpg) THURSDAY, OCTOBER 3, 1895 Wrote to Mrs Howe this morning. Harry is still improv -ing and has a good colour, but has lost the little flesh she had, poor darling. Elisha was here overnight. His Daily Leader is a succession of disappointments My dear father Elisha seems to have never learned that he can't hem five or ten different things at once and neglect them all. E K. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B29_F2_I1_p290.jpg) MONDAY, OCTOBER 7, 1895 Miss Daisy Brown arrived in the evening. Vir- -ginia Catherine and Tom went to meet her at Warren, riding bicycles from Ludlow. I spent the early part of the day driving Zella about on her errands and the latter in cutting out a flannel frock for Sashy and drawers for Evan. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B29_F2_I1_p291.jpg) TUESDAY, OCTOBER 8, 1895 As Virginia hopes to go camping tomorrow we let Maggie go out this afternoon, but the gray threatening skies give no promise of fair weather. I did not go out at all, continuing to cut out and prepare work. Virginia couldn't apparently ever just stay home and attend her kids himself! ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B29_F2_I1_p292.jpg) WEDNESDAY, OCTOBER 9, 1895 The first half inch of snow lying on the ground. I have a great deal to do in getting ready for our departure to Harrisburg tomorrow. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B29_F2_I1_p298.jpg) TUESDAY, OCTOBER 15, 1895 [Newspaper Article pasted in journal] FROM THE W.C.T.U. One of the Visitors' Personal Observations. HARRISBURG AND THE CAPITOL Interesting Features of the Conven- tion Easily Overlooked, Except by a Careful Critic — The March Up Capitol Hill—A Tattered Reminder of Thirty Years Ago. HARRISBURG, PA., Oct. 15, 1895. Dear Leader: While I cannot undertake to give you a report in detail of our State Convention of the Woman's Christian Temperance Union, I think a few notes may interest our Kane people, so many of whom have grown familiar with the faces of some of our leaders in the past few years. Our McKean delegates are Mrs. D. R. Stewart, of Bradford, Mrs. Ada Cory, of Coryville, Mrs. Nettie Doug- lass, of East Bradford, Mrs. Elisha K. Kane, of Kushequa, Dr. Harriet A. Kane, Mrs. Burdick, of Mt. Jewett, and myself. We found our- selves delightfully placed in the Presbyterian church on Market street where the Convention meets, as we hold the fourth pew from the front. Each county's place is indicated by a banner and the places were drawn for in order to secure perfect fairness. Mrs. Hammer, the State President lost her husband a few weeks ago, but has had the wisdom and fortitude to stick to her work. She presides with quiet dignity, though an occasional trembling of her voice betrays that some incident has touched the hidden springs of feeling too closely. The church is pure white, but the chancel is draped with the white and yellow colors of the W. C. T. U. be- tween two large U. S. flags. Below hangs the white and gold keystone shaped banner of the W. C. T. U. Large palms adorn the platform, and their drooping branches catch in the headgear of the State officers as they move to and fro. This is irrelevant however. The reports are all of deep interest to us though not to all your readers. But I noticed a little hum of welcome, and smiling faces turned to greet a rosy countenance framed in a widow's cap, surmounting a little, black garbed figure, that of "Mother" Mair. Her report of the increasing mutual good will between the W. C. T. U., and our railroad brothers was fine, but the in- exorable tap of the gavel cut it short- Mrs. Mair showed that Kane was only one among many Unions that had adopted Decoration Day to manifest its sisterly feeling for the living, and its reverence for the dead heroes of the rail. I meant to ask her if I might copy for the LEADER some verses with which she closed her re- port. But I learned last night that the report would appear in full in the News, and that 700 copies had been ordered by the Railway Men's Associa- tion, 500 being for Steelton, and 50 ordered by a Roman Catholic bishop whose name I did not get. I cut out the verses from my copy of the News and append them. “Are they not heroes; have they not died Under the engines side by side? Have they not stood by the throttle and brake And gone down to death for their passen- ger's sake? Honored and blest be the peaceful repose Of the men who have died in their over- clothes." "We would not take from the soldier's grave Not even the blades of grass that wave Nor would we ask you to hand us down A single star from the soldiers' crown; All honor to them—but forget not those Who have gone down to their death in their overclothes. “‘Twould be sweet to know when we're laid to rest, With our hands folded silently over our breast, That a woman would come to our grave once a year Bringing wreathes of flowers; that a wo- man's tear Would dampen the dust on the graves of those Who have dared to die in their overclothes." They were composed by an engineer and I shall want the LEADER to print me two or three hundred copies of them to distribute next Decoration Day. Another face familiar to Kane is that of Mrs. Louise S. Rounds, State President of Illinois. She was our lecturer for the evening, and preached to a crowded audience in the Presby- terian church Sunday morning. Per- haps it is that our women get so few chances of being "suffered to teach" from the pulpit, or perhaps it is that only the most eloquent among us ven- ture to do so, but it is certain that those whom I have heard give us no hack- neyed common places. Mrs. Rounds’ sermon was on "Building Character," from the text, "Add to your faith, knowledge and to knowledge virtue." Truly she did not flatter us, but searched our hearts. Before she ended the hardest to touch amongst us, had been forced to wipe away the tears furtively, and as to the soft hearted they had retired into the depths of their pocket handkerchiefs some time before. We, that is my little group, took a walk after service to restore our equa- nimity. We strolled along the river bank, the grassy boulevard shaded by a double row of lofty trees. The river is very low, and a fresh breeze stirred the waters into little white caps, and drove the rippling wavelets against the rocks that are everywhere showing from the river bed. Flying clouds brought rapidly traveling shadows and sunshine over the purple and blue hills in the distance, and the rich golden and russet hues of the nearer wood- lands. The scene was beautiful, and along the river boulevard there are rows and rows of lovely homes. But! We haven't the river at Kane—and we haven't the ague! I have taken two lovely strolls and two “dumb chills” since I came here, sweet re- minders of long dormant lowland ague. Our Convention had the honor of being welcomed by the Governor, who "spoke his piece" like a good boy, and seemed well pleased to be through with addressing the "monstrous regiment of women" as old Knox has it. His Ex- cellence's good will went farther yet for he and Mrs. Hastings gave us a re- ception in the new Executive Chamb- er, a noble building adjoining the old capitol. I was told that it was thrown open for the first time on this occasion We appreciated the honor and closed our evening session at nine o'clock on Saturday to march in procession, over three hundred strong, up Capitol Hill. Street loungers turned to look at us and wondered as we streamed along under the electric lights, with the yel- lowish leaves fluttering down upon us. I was near the end of the procession, and have seldom seen anything more theatrically beautiful than the scene looking upward from the foot of the steps. There is a vast hall lined with pol- ished marble. In the center rises a wide white marble staircase, its bronze railings hidden by beautiful plants. Up the staircase streamed the long files of women wearing their white and gold temperance badges to disappear a[-]ong the galleries that sur- round the upper part of the hall. Governor Hastings and his wife [tear in page] ceived us in a finely propo [tear in page] adorned with portraits [tear in page] e[---] [---]m Penn down to date. Af- ter the formal handshake we were free to amuse ourselves, and many sought the mild beverage of lemonade that awaited such topers as the W. C. T. U. I could but recall the newspaper account of the scene in the adjoing building when our representatives closed their labors of last session. "Men, my brothers, men the work- ers." Humph! ? ? We strolled about examining the beautiful rooms thrown open for our examination, but I felt a little lonely and homesick, for this year I revisit Harrisburg for the first time since the old war days. Then a veteran's wife met a cordial greeting at every turn, but now I was a stranger. No, not quite! From the gallery I entered a large room. Facing us was Rothermel’s gigantic picture of the Battle of Get- tysburg, and on the side walls the four smaller ones which have now been brought from Philadelphia to find a fitting place in the state capital. One of the four represents Kane's brigade of the White Star division holding Culp's Hill against the rebel charge. And the only furnishing of the great room is a series of glass cases enclos ing the battle flags of Pennsylvania And when I looked at one dear tat- tered flag, topped with a dusty bucktail plume, my heart swelled with pride, as I thought "I am not dead yet; have not my dear old friends, my husband’s surviving comrads, given me the hon- orable title of 'MOTHER OF THE REGIMENT.'" DIED OF CONSUMPTION. Former Pastor of the Mission Church Passes Away. The funeral of Rev. P. Johnson, who died Tuesday night at his home in Kane, will take place Friday afternoon at 2:30 p. m. at the house and 3 o'clock at the Mission church. The deceased was formerly pastor of the Mission church, but for the past three years has been a sufferer from consumption, which ended his life. He was 42 years of age and leaves a wife and six children to sorrow for him, besides many friends. [page is torn through the remaining articles] ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B29_F2_I1_p303.jpg) SUNDAY, OCTOBER 20, 1895 Attended church and Sunday School. Little Graham is still away. After feeding and undressing Sashy this evening I put him to sleep, Cather -ine parting from his clinging arms with many tears. We left for New York to attend the unveiling of the memorial bust. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B29_F2_I1_p304.jpg) MONDAY, OCTOBER 21, 1895 Reached New York about eleven; went out shopping before lunch. At four we were at the Normal College. On the platform were Helen and two of her little girls. We saw James in the gallery. Carrie and Mr. Perry, Helen Green, Walter, Denny, Chalmers , Mrs. Wood, Harriet and myself. The ceremonies were beautiful and did honour to dear Papa's 87th birthday [The following is a newspaper clipping] [left column] WM. WOOD HONORED. A Memorial Bust Unveiled at the New York Normal College. The unveiling and presentation of the memorial bronze bust of the late William Wood took place Monday afternoon in the chapel of the Nor- mal College. The bust is the gift of the instruc- tors and associate alumnae of the Normal College. It is the work of William Ordway Partridge, and is an excellent likeness of Mr. Wood. The chapel was crowded with in- structors, pupils, graduates, and other friends of the college, when the Rev. Dr. Chambers began the reading of the Fifty-first chapter of Isaiah. After the singing of "Auld Lang Syne" by the senior class, the bust was unveiled by Miss Hester A. Roberts. The memorial was pre- sented by Prof. Eugene Aubert, in behalf of the instructors and alum- nae. President Hunter of the Normal College, on behalf of the college, ac- cepted the bust. He paid a glowing tribute to Mr. Wood's memory, and described the part he played in found- ing the Normal College, and added: "Mr. Wood was at the helm. No sooner was the organization effected than he obtained from the Legisla- ture a grant of $350,000 and the pres- ent site on which to erect a suitable edifice. In the summer of 1871 the work was commenced on the founda- tion, and in the Fall of 1873 the col- lege was transferred to its present [center column] President Hunter said that he had known Mr. Wood for twenty-five years and spoke in enthusiastic terms of his strong character. He also spoke of Mr. Wood's sixteen years' connection with the Board of Educa- tion, of which he was President for four years. President Robert Maclay, of the Board of Education, was the next speaker. "Mr. Wood," he said, "was eminently fitted to be a member of the Board of Education, and his record there is a noble one." School Commissioner C. B. Hub- bel, who is Chairman of the Execu- tive Committee of the Board of Trus- tees, said: "Mr. Wood was the most devoted friend the Normal College ever had, and hundreds of faithful teachers can trace back the best impulses they have received to the words of encouragement spoken to them by him in these halls. On behalf of the Executive Com- mittee of the Board of Trustees of this college, I accept this testimo- nial of your love for the great and good man." J. Edward Simmons gave a history of Mr. Wood's life. Mr. Simmons was a colleague of Mr. Wood on the Board of Education, and he spoke enthusiastically of his labors for edu- cation and for the establishment of the Normal College. He added: "William Wood was born in Glas- gow in the year 1808, of gentle pa- rents. He came to this country at the age of nineteen years. He was a [right column] deep thinker, a forcible speaker, and accomplished scholar. While a member of the Board of Education he personally visited again and again every school building in the city, and I have heard him say he had entered every class room under the jurisdiction of the board. Of his labors on behalf of the Normal Col- lege I need not speak, as this build- ing is a sufficient reminder of his work. Up to the day of his death Mr. Wood took a deep interest in education." John Jasper, City Superintendent of Schools, also paid a tribute to Mr. Wood's work on the Board of Educa- tion. Miss Helen Gray Cone read a poem of her own in memory of Mr. Wood, and Mrs. J. A. Jones sang "Crossing the Bar." The proceedings closed with the singing of "My Country, 'Tis of Thee" by the pupils. — New York Times. BOTH SOLDIER AND LAWYER. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B29_F2_I1_p305.jpg) TUESDAY, OCTOBER 22, 1895 Shopped early in the morning; lunched at Helen's pretty new house which is fitted up in good taste and has a lovely situation on Washington Heights just where in former days, Burr and Madame Jumel and Hamilton had their country places. Helen's children go to school in the old Hamilton house just opposite the 13 trees that Hamilton planted. Only seven are living now. In the afternoon Letty, Sabina and Nellie Duncan called, and in the evening I started for home taking my sister Harriet with me. She greatly needs a change. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B29_F2_I1_p311.jpg) MONDAY, OCTOBER 28, 1895 Sashy did a funny thing today. He suddenly took a fancy to a little toy cart with a handle, at which he had screamed last summer. Watching him I discovered that he thought it was a carpet sweeper, and he is now working vigorously at an accurate reproduction of Maggie. Did shopping in the morning, accompanied by H.M.W. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B29_F2_I1_p317.jpg) SUNDAY, NOVEMBER 3, 1895 The Knowles' last Sunday, and Emil DeLyne is already gone, so we are at a loss for teachers. It is also Mr. Graham's last. We parted on good terms but without regret. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B29_F2_I1_p319.jpg) TUESDAY, NOVEMBER 5, 1895 The Moffitt 40th wedding anniversary. Harry went and quite enjoyed herself. In the morning I went to two places to inquire about cruelties said to be inflicted upon little Molly Buchanan. Found the matter already in good hands. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B29_F2_I1_p320.jpg) WEDNESDAY, NOVEMBER 6, 1895 Today was so lovely that I was out almost all day driving Aunt Harriet and Sashy. Lila Rupert spent the afternoon holding him as we drove, and helping to put him to bed. I visited Mrs. Anna Glatt's school at Four Brothers. Only 8 out of 13 children were there, but she seemed to be teaching well. She writes a beautiful hand, and the children, looked clean and happy. S. T. I. now three times a week, 15 minutes a lesson. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B29_F2_I1_p321.jpg) THURSDAY, NOVEMBER 7, 1895 Hard at work till dinner time cleaning up and arranging in the garret. Harry took my place there in the afternoon and so kept up Annie's spirits so that by evening all the dirt was out of Evan's new room, and it is ready to be scrubbed preparatory to painting and paper- -ing. I spent the afternoon partly in dressmaking and partly at my accounts: also minded Thomas Jr. as his — no, I didn't his mother took him with her to Wilcox. She and Tom went to see what chance there was of our getting Mr Bird to minister to our church. None. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B29_F2_I1_p322.jpg) FRIDAY, NOVEMBER 8, 1895 Sashy cut his 17th tooth yesterday, and his 18th today, both lower teeth. The 19th is nearly through, so he will be the possessor of 19 teeth while he is still 19 months old. Dear little chap, he has been rather cross and his breath a little feverish, but he has not lost weight or colour. He is putting words together, but as he uses p. and b. indiscriminately, and has not mastered S. unless by itself, nor I, nor r. his language is not free from obscurity. For instance his "Gate-ah-ahhy" – great-aunt-Harry mistook "cracker in bag" – rendered "tatah-in-bahg"– for "Papa gone by" until his glee over my production of the cracker from the bag convinced her. I have been very busy in finishing a dark brown skirt for Harry to wear at Kushequa next week. The material was a remnant -- not quite five yards and I have contrived a whole dress with big sleeves out of it. The skirt only is finished. I am sitting alone in a pouring rain, the family having gone to a Christian Endeavor Social at Mrs. Hubbard's. Harriet my sister went to bed at eight. Harriet my daughter hit herself a terrible crack on the nose with a rake, but has gone to help Elisha out with his social. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B29_F2_I1_p323.jpg) SATURDAY, NOVEMBER 9, 1895 Kushequa losses- A rainy day, and that has been an unusual oc- -currence. We can't go to Kushequa so I shall have a field day of sewing. Last night I sat up till the children returned from the "social" and got my alc. of the investments made of my father's estate in shape. I design that Harry shall have this- about $23.500; and none of her father's, un- less the value of her father's estate should give more than an equal sum to her brothers. In that case she is to receive enough to make her share equal theirs. She has besides $2.500 in Kq. and about $1000. worth of odds and ends of investments. I don't know how far Kushequa will ever pay back any of the money sunk in it, and so of course I can't tell what I own. The gas and oil are volatile properties and we are eating Kane and Kq. is eating the Roberts Lot. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B29_F2_I1_p324.jpg) SUNDAY, NOVEMBER 10, 1895 We had a fine sermon this morning on "Blessed is the man that endureth temptation" from a Mr. Salmons of Wattsburg. I wish we may get him! We, Evan and I, drove to a patient's house near Wilcox with Sashy and were belated. The night is cold gray and starless and poor Evan has to go all the way to Kq. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B29_F2_I1_p325.jpg) MONDAY, NOVEMBER 11, 1895 Evan did not get home till midnight. He feels the cold terribly. H. M. W. and I are to go to Kq. to spend the day. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B29_F2_I1_p326.jpg) TUESDAY, NOVEMBER 12, 1895 We, HM. W. and I had a pleasant day at Kq. yesterday. This morning my dear Dr. Harry went there and this evening Harriet Wood left. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B29_F2_I1_p327.jpg) WEDNESDAY, NOVEMBER 13, 1895 Busy as a bee all day, doing errands part of the morning, sewing and writing and minding babies the rest of the day. Wrote letters all evening. It was so exquisite a day that I hated to stay at home at all, but I had lent Fanny to Evan for the afternoon. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B29_F2_I1_p328.jpg) THURSDAY, NOVEMBER 14, 1895 Breakfasted with Evan at 5.30 and Tom & V. breakfasted at 6. as Tom had to go to Smethport. I drove with Evan to Kq. partly to keep him company, partly because I longed to see dear Harry, but I did not bargain to have his cases take him so long that we did not get home till 1 P.M. I worked and wrote till dark. After tea I went to bed early tired out, but what must Evan have been who had to drive to Wilcox also to see a case on which he had operated on Tuesday for the radical cure of hernia. Evan looks grave about it. Tom's case against the bondsmen of Murphy is put off to another term, but he was subpoenaed as a witness in a gas-case and he has to return to Smethport tomorrow. Elisha came in to see Rogers about the Leader. We had a long talk about it this morn- -ing. His best figures prove the Daily too heavy a loss to carry on. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B29_F2_I1_p329.jpg) FRIDAY, NOVEMBER 15, 1895 Up early to breakfast with Tom and Elisha. It is a dismally rainy day and I have been busy with accounts, papers and letters till now, 11 o'clock. Elisha has made an oral agreement with Rogers, to shut up the Leader. Rogers publishes the one paper, try- -ing it as a daily with young Wood for one month more. Then it will be given up probably, The weekly is to have one column for prohi- matter which E. K K. may fill without charge and which will carry the prohibi- tion candidates' names. No attacks are to be made on our family and Rogers will himself write articles on any special topics that we wish. He will take no salary, but 60 pc. of the net receipts, E. K. K. receiving 40. A minimum rental is fixed upon, and if the paper falls below that the arrangement is terminable by either party on a three months' notice, Elisha back his machinery and stuff with any additions. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B29_F2_I1_p330.jpg) SATURDAY, NOVEMBER 16, 1895 Dear Harry came back from Kq. Zella and Virginia were photographed preparatory to having Freedlander paint their portraits. I went with them, and was busy sewing and writing all day ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B29_F2_I1_p331.jpg) SUNDAY, NOVEMBER 17, 1895 Four of my girls have volunteered as teachers in Sunday School. I hope they will persevere and do well. I have taken four of Harry's into my class. Rev. Hugh Kane preached on trial, and dined and supped here. I don't like him at all compared to Mr Sammons. I drove with Sashy, and Evan down the Wilcox Road to Anderson's, about half a mile from Wilcox, after dinner. The afternoon light was very beautiful, though solemn, streaming out from black show clouds. Sashy put five words together "Pretty red ball gone bye- -bye" as we drove out of sight of a semaphore Little Tom crept a creep. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B29_F2_I1_p332.jpg) MONDAY, NOVEMBER 18, 1895 Master Sashy has found out how to open his gate. He is 20 months old today. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B29_F2_I1_p333.jpg) TUESDAY, NOVEMBER 19, 1895 Little Tom has two upper front teeth through. Harry is to go to Mount Jewett to speak on Hereditary Influences today. ~ She had a very much inter- -ested audience at the Mother's Meeting, There were twelve women representing 23 young children. We have obtained a good supply of water in our new well at 135 feet. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B29_F2_I1_p334.jpg) WEDNESDAY, NOVEMBER 20, 1895 Yesterday evening Tom brought Lila Rupert, Dora Cook and Bertee Hubbard to practise for a concert It began to rain heavily, so he took the latter two home in the covered buggy, leaving Lila here to spend the night. He himself did not return till after 12, having had a business engagement. Elisha and Zella came in at 1 A. M. having been ordering toys. It rained all night, and began to snow slightly this morning: is snowing fast, tonight. I am alone in charge of the two babies slumbers as I would not go with the rest to an entertainment, and it is Maggie's afternoon out. I have plenty of things to read as well as work to do. Poor Tom is greatly cast down at his failure to sell the Thomson House. He has been working at his scheme for a long time. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B29_F2_I1_p335.jpg) THURSDAY, NOVEMBER 21, 1895 Indoors all day, writing and working on Harry's dress. Also arranging my papers and putting away the wash. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B29_F2_I1_p336.jpg) FRIDAY, NOVEMBER 22, 1895 Snow two inches deep. Drove uptown on errands: then came home wrote letters and sorted papers till near dinner time; then worked on Harry's brown dress all the afternoon and evening, except when playing awhile with the babies. Little Tom now whirls over the whole room, partly rolling, partly progressing swfitly on his heels head and seat and partly creeping. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B29_F2_I1_p337.jpg) SATURDAY, NOVEMBER 23, 1895 Raining all night. Rose at 5.15 to see Elisha off. He came in to attend to the final transfer of the Leader to Rogers. Poor fellow, it was very painful to him to give it up after so many struggling years, but he could not afford it with a rival in the field. Fortunately the employer behaved so, ill that he won't feel so badly their losing their places. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B29_F2_I1_p338.jpg) SUNDAY, NOVEMBER 24, 1895 We were to choose a pastor but the decision was postponed because Mr Shaffer entreated that two more might be heard. In our family there is a split as Elisha and Zella want Hugh Kane and the rest of us Sammons. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B29_F2_I1_p339.jpg) MONDAY, NOVEMBER 25, 1895 Busy preparing for Mary Field. Took Zella to town, etc. The decision to postpone the choice of a pastor is perhaps unfortunate. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B29_F2_I1_p340.jpg) TUESDAY, NOVEMBER 26, 1895 Last night's terrific gale subsided by noon and the sun came out by the time I went to meet Mary Field. The rest of the day passed with her. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B29_F2_I1_p341.jpg) WEDNESDAY, NOVEMBER 27, 1895 Spent over two hours of this bitter cold day driving about Kane, distributing fifteen turkeys. Another two hours in going to and from and attending a funeral. Put the clean clothes away, and tried to be nice to Cousin Mary. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B29_F2_I1_p342.jpg) THURSDAY, NOVEMBER 28, 1895 A beautiful Thanksgiving Day, Tom worked till late on Wednesday to prepare a statement showing that outside of Kushequa, and the house-place and League Island, I have over a $100.000 worth of property besides the goods of which I made a list that give me about $7000 income. There is about $100.000 sunk in Kushequa and the BL&K. RR. too. Poor Elisha had his cheerfulness dulled by a report, circulated to injure his credit that he had assigned. [Arrow pointing at above words] This meant an agreeable composition with his creditors to avoid a formal bankruptcy perhaps - My father for some reason considered it a terrible disgrace. actually it avoids the unfairness and waste of a bankruptcy - and in many cases is a means of friendly settlement by which all creditors must wait Together as agreed and the debtor must use revenues as agreed. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B29_F2_I1_p343.jpg) FRIDAY, NOVEMBER 29, 1895 Raining and s Last night was exquisitely clear, and there was exquisite moonlight. Virginia's little Entertainment went off very well realizing al- -most thirty dollars from 15 cent admissions. The proceeds are to go to the Armenian sufferers. The morning was brilliant. I had to be out on errands from nine till twelve, and then after dinner go to a prayer-meeting from which I walked back. The rest of the day I sewed or minded babies and was so tired that I went to bed at nine. Harry was abed all day. Evan has one of his bad colds and Tom is breaking his throat and finding it in very bad condition. He had to go to Johnsonburg again. Poor Elisha's troubles are unending. Ada Malone stole his list of subscribers and is starting out the Leader Weekly on the statement that only the Daily was leased to Rogers and that she is the Leader Pub. Co. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B29_F2_I1_p344.jpg) SATURDAY, NOVEMBER 30, 1895 Soft snow an inch thick on every twig. Elisha has to come in early about Ada Malone's trick. Harry isn't well, but got up so as to put drops in a patient's eye. [Newspaper clipping pasted in journal] Kane Daily Republican. L. ROGERS. - - Editor and Publisher. SATURDAY. NOV. 30, 1895. NOTICE. Owing to the temporary appropria- tion of the mailing list of the Kane Leader, and other newly discovered irregularities, the collection of ac- counts due the Leader Printing Com- pany has been taken out of the hands of Miss Ada Malone. All per- sons are warned not to pay any moneys to her, or to trust her in any way on my account whether as Leader Printing Co., or otherwise. ELISHA K. Kane. SOMEWHAT CHEEKY. On the 21st day of the present month the Kane REPUBLICAN and Kane Leader printing plants were consolidated. The article of agree- ment embraced all the presses, print- ing material and subscription lists of the Daily and Weekly Leader. This agreement was entered into between Elisha K. Kane, as owner of the Leader, and L. Rogers, representing the REPUBLICAN plant. At the sug- gestion of Mr. Kane's legal represen- tative the paper to be published after the 23d of November from the material of the consolidated proper- ties was to be called THE KANE REPUBLICAN the name Leader being dropped. In the agreement Mr. Kane bound himself not to pub- lish the Leader or to maintain a printing office of any character in Kane borough for one year and for an indefinite period if the consolida- tion proved satisfactory to both parties. On Friday, the day following the consolidation both papers an- nounced the same, the Leader valedictory being signed by Elisha K. Kane followed by a short endorse- ment signed by Ada C. Malone. Just one week from that day a cir- cular letter is received by the patrons of the suspended Leader in which the announcement is made that "the Kane Weekly Leader has NOT suspended, all reports to the contrary notwithstanding." This letter is signed by "The Leader Pub- lishing Company," but the only name appearing in the body of the letter is "Miss Ada Malone," who claims to be "adjusting the old business.” The entire letter refers to a continu- ance of the business of the Leader and in asking for a continuance of the advertising patronage of the old paper it claims that the cir- culation will be doubled “during the next four weeks.” What circulation? According to this letter the Leader "is issued this week as usual." Has Miss Malone stolen a list of the subscribers of that paper? She has no more right to it than has Mr. Reed of the War- ren News in whose office the fraudu- lent Leader of this week was printed. No one objects to Miss Malone publishing a paper in Kane if she is ambitious in that direction, but it is not very likely that she will find another friend who will furnish money for her to squander for a term of years. Neither will she be al- lowed to use the good-will and franchises of a plant she has not a cent of interest in. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B29_F2_I1_p345.jpg) SUNDAY, DECEMBER 1, 1895 Dear old Tom woke me up last night to obtain my signature to an agreement for the sale of the Hotel. He has been working at it for a long time but the actual sale is a great surprise. He has guarded the sale by all the reservations but we cannot help fearing that there is a "nigger in the woodpile" as the purchasers are all liquorites. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B29_F2_I1_p346.jpg) MONDAY, DECEMBER 2, 1895 I didn't go out all day, indeed my sciatica kept me abed till dinner time but I wrote and worked. Finished Sashy's blue and gray dress. The monkey has a new trick. When we have taken care of him during Maggie's tem- -porary absence he is very pleasant, but on her return, he says "Bye-bye, Mamma, bye- -bye more" and taking my hand leads me to the door and gives me a gentle push outside. He has an ugly trick now when he is naughty of squaring his mouth and yelling "Maah, maah, maah" like a fawn. But he will soon get over it. He Never did stop being completely self-willed. EK. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B29_F2_I1_p347.jpg) TUESDAY, DECEMBER 3, 1895 Cold and clear in the morning: ther. 12+. Part of the day it snowed a little. Sewed on the machine making 14 towels, and knitted on Catherine's slippers, wrote a little and minded babies a great deal. Cousin Mary left on the evening train, feeling a great deal better for her visit. Zella went to Corry with the Walker funeral to take care of the baby. Virginia, had her first sitting for her picture. Elisha was busy about his "Leader" compli- -cation. The impudence of Ada Malone makes it necessary to resume the publication [---] the Weekly for a time. Kane Daily Republican. TUESDAY, DECEMBER 3, 1895. NOTICE. Commence with this week the publication of the weekly edition of the Kane Leader will be re- sumed at its old quarters in the McDade block, by its proprietor, Elisha K. Kane. Every effort will be made to make the Leader a welcome visitor in the families of its patrons foryears past. With the issue of to-day the Semi- Weekly REPUBLICAN will cease be- ing sent to the subscribers of the Weekly Leader. The demand for an evening paper is overwhelming and one that we are forced to recognize or part with a large percentage of our daily sub- scribers. Hereafter the REPUB- LICAN will be issued in the afternoon, commencing with to-morrow. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B29_F2_I1_p348.jpg) WEDNESDAY, DECEMBER 4, 1895 Up early to see Elisha and Zella off. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B29_F2_I1_p349.jpg) THURSDAY, DECEMBER 5, 1895 At six this morning found that Elisha was moving (in the next room) so I hurriedly got him some break- -fast. He reached Kane at 9 P.M. and his first business had been to serve a notice on Ada Malone that he would continue to publish the Leader. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B29_F2_I1_p350.jpg) FRIDAY, DECEMBER 6, 1895 Our W. C. T. U. meeting this afternoon was occupied with discussing the names for Voice subscriptions ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B29_F2_I1_p351.jpg) SATURDAY, DECEMBER 7, 1895 Lila helped me fill out due bills for 94 subscribers to the Voice. Went to a very tiresome lecture ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B29_F2_I1_p352.jpg) SUNDAY, DECEMBER 8, 1895 Zella sick in bed all day. Tom and the rest of us attended Congregational meeting. No choice made. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B29_F2_I1_p353.jpg) MONDAY, DECEMBER 9, 1895 It is snowing slightly and H. and I are going out to spend the day and night at Kq. Kushequa. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B29_F2_I1_p354.jpg) TUESDAY, DECEMBER 10, 1895 Returned from Kq. on the morning train, and attended to bits of business in town before going home. Evan and Tom went to Johnsonburg on the early train to remove a dermoid cyst from a woman. Evan has put Tom on a diet of milk & lactated food between meals, as he is thin and weak. I plan sending him and Virginia to N.O. by Mississippi steamer about the middle of January for a thorough rest. Evan needs it more than he, however. Baby Tom ventured out of the nursery yesterday in pursuit of me, land uttered a delighted crow when he turned the corner of the wall and saw me in my room. He is five weeks earlier than Sashy in creep- -ing. X This Thomas & Kane was later known as "Leiper" and "Lee" He moved to Dover, Ohio and still lives there. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B29_F2_I1_p355.jpg) WEDNESDAY, DECEMBER 11, 1895 Killed a pig today, so Tom will have provided plenty of work in the kitchen tomorrow. I had a field day of work. Wrote to Edward Norris, John Green, R. Patterson, D. Green & Co. Earle & Sons, Flory, Catherine and Helen <& H.W.Wood>: packed up and took to the Express Office parcels for "The Voice," Green, Catherine, Mary Field and Harriet Wood. Took charge of Sashy in the afternoon and put him to bed: did a little sewing on his frock in the evening; played crokinole and quotations with the family, and after E K K. came in and we had a long business talk. He says oil has been struck in the deep sand close to a 200 acre piece owned by Clay and me, and proposes to lease it if he can, to Van Tine. Tom was pall-bearer at John S. Davis' funeral. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B29_F2_I1_p356.jpg) THURSDAY, DECEMBER 12, 1895 Up at five to see EKK. off. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B29_F2_I1_p357.jpg) FRIDAY, DECEMBER 13, 1895 Worked on Sashy's blue frock and unpacked and assorted Christmas presents. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B29_F2_I1_p358.jpg) SATURDAY, DECEMBER 14, 1895 Busy finishing Sashy's blue frock. Then walked to the Thomson House to sit with Zella at the latter part of her Friedlander sitting.* Then with Harry on errands. After dinner as it was a beautiful afternoon called on a Mrs Black and Mrs Sizer. The first is a Presbyterian who has come here from Port Allegany. Had a quiet pleasant home evening treating myself to reading a book. *This Friedlander oil portrait of Zella, Elisha K. Kane's wife, was being done To sell Eliz. D. (grandmother) who did not think it good enough, declined to buy it and she writes that Elisha bought it. "Zella," my mother was wearing a light green dress and the portrait hangs at Silverside my home in Kushequa now 1967. I drew last in a drawing I, as Executor, conducted of her personal effects, but I drew slip #1 and chose that Portrait of My mother, I may add that I had prayed I would draw it. Could have kept it as she left me Silverside and contents – but I wanted no hard feelings, So had all 5 children draw lots and choose in order continuously until all personal items not designated in her will had been drawn. But I ask that each come and take his or hers away, so I could ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B29_F2_I1_p359.jpg) SUNDAY, DECEMBER 15, 1895 A pearly morning: then fog with an after uncer- -tainty whether it will rain or snow. Wrote to H M. W. before church. A wiry or rather leathery old candidate named Campbell preached for us. I still like Sammons best. Safely move my children in here alas that was in 1939 and this is 1967. Some things are still here! But only on 3d. floor. We have lots of room. But see Dec. 23 entry! ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B29_F2_I1_p360.jpg) MONDAY, DECEMBER 16, 1895 A beautiful winter day, but we greatly need snow for the lumbermen. I walked to the hotel and up to the garret there to see Zella's picture; then to Mrs Hubbard's, and then back to the hospi- -tal, shopping as I went. Bought Christmas booklet gifts for Mary Field, Ida Heiberger, Mrs Clay, Mrs Fitzhugh and Mrs In the afternoon went to the hospital, driving this time, and unpacked and assorted underwear for the Cooks' Christmas, finding two mistakes. Then minded babies and wrote to Mary Field. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B29_F2_I1_p361.jpg) TUESDAY, DECEMBER 17, 1895 Finished M. G. P. F's letter before breakfast: must write to Edward Morris, H. M. W. Kushequa store etc. We are planning to have Tom examined by Dr Da Costa to decide whether it is a serious heart lesion or dyspepsia that ails him. I think of send- -ing him and Virginia down the Mississippi for a trip. This was a beautiful day, and I was twice up town on errands got little else done though I wrote some letters. Tom is getting the engine to work the new well. I hope he will finish tomorrow, for in the queer way things have of giving out suddenly when the owner is preparing to dispense with them, the rain pipe has split and we have no water at all in the upper tank. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B29_F2_I1_p362.jpg) WEDNESDAY, DECEMBER 18, 1895 Very busy, but not doing much. Tom is far from well. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B29_F2_I1_p363.jpg) THURSDAY, DECEMBER 19, 1895 When I woke Elisha this morning for the early train he said that he did not get to bed till one so he had only four and a half hour's sleep, poor fellow. He wants to take the notes that I was to lend him on his land purchase, to pay off some pressing notes. Dear dear, I wonder! ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B29_F2_I1_p364.jpg) FRIDAY, DECEMBER 20, 1895 We had a meeting of our union today and pre- -pared 104 of Mrs Mair's Christmas letters for the R.R. men here: sent 20 to Mount Jewett, and I brung some home for Zella to use at Kq. - on the R & P. and the Hazlehurst roads. I was very busy at home and had Mrs Parsons here, remaking the blue carpet ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B29_F2_I1_p365.jpg) SATURDAY, DECEMBER 21, 1895 Virginia's portrait A bad day in the morning, turning to a violent rain in the afternoon. Carl, Mr Sholl Harry Mc.Clus- -key and Fred Marvin took our team and went after a Christmas tree. The latter two came to the house so soaked that we hurried up tea and made them eat and drink before they left. I fear Fred, will be ill. Evan also brought Dr. Palmer unex -pectedly, and as Mr. Parsons was here and Annie away at Tillie's wedding we had a good deal of confusion. Elisha has a bad cold and he had three men here all the evening. Virginia * had her last sitting and I had to mind her baby all the morning, but I cut out three frocks for Sashy. In the afternoon wrote to Florence and to Catherine. Evan had to operate in a very bad case of mammary cancer. He used his aluminum clamps with which Dr. Armstrong was much struck, but Palmer as usual said "Oh, he had often seen them," and had to back out ungracefully. Tom worked all the afternoon (after returning from the operation) and all the evening cleaning out the tank. The new pump had stirred up old dirt from the bottom as well as bringing up a lot through the pipes. I do hope we shall now have abundance of water. Water problems! * This was another Friedlander portrait. I think Leiper has it. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B29_F2_I1_p366.jpg) SUNDAY, DECEMBER 22, 1895 Chose a pastor without regard to my plea that they should take him as stated supply for a year as they knew nothing whatever about him. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B29_F2_I1_p367.jpg) MONDAY, DECEMBER 23, 1895 Zella's portrait– Sat with Zella for Friedlander's portrait. It is going to be very good. Busily occupied with Christmas preparations. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B29_F2_I1_p368.jpg) TUESDAY, DECEMBER 24, 1895 Morning given up to Christmas deliveries of goods and buying last items. Minded Sashy in the evening to let Maggie go ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B29_F2_I1_p369.jpg) WEDNESDAY, DECEMBER 25, 1895 Portraits Zell Torrents of rain all night, and today is stormy with occasional gleams of hopefulness. The little ones had a tree and "Aug" was particularly delighted. Sashy was too much awed by a doll with eyes that opened and shut. In fact he was uneasy till he carried it to his father's new room at the top of the house. There he laid it on the lounge shut the door and came away happy. Dear Harry gave me a tool-chest, Elisha a dictionary stand; things I have long wanted. Tom and Virginia McClure's Magazine and Evan a journal of American Medical Sciences. Zella's and Virginia's portraits look very well indeed. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B29_F2_I1_p370.jpg) THURSDAY, DECEMBER 26, 1895 "But six a day o' wind and rain, O woe's me for Prince Chairlie!" This morning was like one in April, soft air, dark clouds broken by spaces of tender blue, the air sweet and full of moisture, the sun gleaming out at break- -fast time. I prophesied heavy rain by 11.30, and was laughed at. After breakfast I wrote to Helen and minded Sashy till ten, then drove Zella to town and waited for her till her shop- -ping was done: left her at the station and hurried as fast as the mud would let me, to send a parcel to Elisha. Elisha and Tom had a narrow escape as their axle broke letting the buggy down; Kitty ran away. Elisha wasn't hurt but Tom hanging on too long to the reins was severely bruised. ~ Elisha went to look over a tract in the woods with Mr Swain at 11.40, and at 12 the wildest wind and rain set in and lasted all the rest of the day. He reached Kush -equa at supper - time, thoroughly drenched, Evan left on the night train for New York to investigate for himself what possibility there is of his going to Armenia as a Red Cross surgeon He is very restless and unhappy and knows he is valuable as an emergency surgeon. God guide him! I have not hindered him, remembering how often I held back his father, and how he was always longing to get away. And now — oh my dear, where are you since you left me twelve years ago ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B29_F2_I1_p371.jpg) FRIDAY, DECEMBER 27, 1895 An inch of snow this morning. Busied myself at home, writing, sewing and tidying the last of the Christmas litter away. Left home at two not reaching here again till five, as H and I had the usual errands to do, and the usual farce of a Missionary meeting to go through: that is, Mrs Hubbard and ourselves went to Mrs Weeks' house and gossipped as little as we could. Tom and Virginia had practisey company in the evening. Evan telegraphed "It a- -mounted to nothing: will return tomorrow noon." ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B29_F2_I1_p372.jpg) SATURDAY, DECEMBER 28, 1895 Harry and I heard a fine character of Mr. Robinson and stopped to impart our news to Elder Hillborn who told us that he had refused our call! Evan returned. He had found difficulty in finding the Red Cross people and then learned that it would be probably only sending relief from safe points. But he had the opportunity to show Dr. Wood -bury and Dr Morton his aluminum clamps and asbestos dressings. Mann of the Buffalo University and the superintendent of the N. Y L E. W. division are going to try the latter. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B29_F2_I1_p373.jpg) SUNDAY, DECEMBER 29, 1895 An exquisite winter's day with a full moon at the close. The ground is just whitened with snow. We had a new candidate. Mr. Downs from Phila who preached quite well, but put his finger into people's pies by suggesting changes and criticisms that vexed them. Mr Hubbard was voted out as superintendent thanks to his own and his wife's vote, but I hear that Mr Shaffer declined to accept ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B29_F2_I1_p374.jpg) MONDAY, DECEMBER 30, 1895 A detestably rainy day. We took Elisha and Zella up to their train, attended to errands and returned home bringing Lila Rupert. I corrected two articles for Evan ready for her to type -write and did a little sewing, writing and baby minding but wasted most of my time in reading Edna Lyall's Donovan." ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B29_F2_I1_p375.jpg) TUESDAY, DECEMBER 31, 1895 A great gale all night though hardly any snow fell; what did came from the west and plastered the windows. I could not sleep for thinking of railroad men and sailors. Evan did not come back from Kushequa, and Tom decided not to try to go out there this morning as the probabilities are that we shall have drifts blocking the roads and the man he wanted to meet would not come from his camp. Poor Virginia is much dis- -appointed by the weather on account of a Chris- -tian Endeavour Social that she is getting up: she fears no one will come. She is dropsical again, poor child. Tom's health is better again, but I hope to send them both to Florida, ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B29_F2_I1_p376.jpg) MEMORANDA Mr Babcock's addresses 58 Cedar & 2083 5th Ave ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B29_F2_I1_p379.jpg) CASH ACCOUNT. JANUARY. DATE. RECEIVED. PAID. Jan [-] of Wm W. Estate (Silver) 100 " " " Principal 1400 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B29_F4_p001.jpg) STANDARD DIARY 1896 ELIZ. D. KANE ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B29_F4_p003.jpg) E. K. K. Jr's record. Copied from Mem. book Born March 18. 1894 lbs oz Weight said to be 11. 8 Lost ground rapidly. Weight taken unclothed Apr 13 ------------------------ 9. 12 20 10. 10 27 10. 9 1/2 May 4 11. 3 10 18 - - - 11. 12 1/2 26 Puts out arms to be taken 12. 7 1/2 June 1 - - - - - 12. 14 7 - - - This is Sashy's baby record. see also Jan 27 1896 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B29_F4_p008.jpg) 2 WEDNESDAY, JANUARY 1, 1896 Last night there was exquisite moonlight: today is very cold and windy, with a little snow. Harry has gone to a Y. meeting, using the cutter, but the road is very rough. I have pottered about the house all day attending to odds and ends. Wee Tom crawls every- -where, climbs up at chairs, has eight teeth, but makes no attempt to speak. Sashy talks a great deal, but not plainly, counts up to four knows the rhyme "Ding-dong-bell", and the letters A. B. C. D. Tom's health failed so fast this fall that we have been very anxious about him. Evan made him drink milk or lactated food between meals and in the night and he is better. But I hope to send him to Florida with Virginia ion January 28. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B29_F4_p009.jpg) THURSDAY, JANUARY 2, 1896 Maggie was away all night and I had Sashy. Such a restless night. I shall sew a crib blanket up into a bag and see if he will stay in it. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B29_F4_p010.jpg) FRIDAY, JANUARY 3, 1896 Cold wind and drifting snow so badly that Evan turned back from Kanesholm. I busied myself writing sewing and baby tending till two o'clock when I went to town. Had quite an interesting W.C. T.U. meeting though very few were there. Poor Mrs Hall! Her son not more than 19 has run away with the stupid and coarse Maud Fraley. He has no trade and is no scholar, and earns eight dollars a week in The Glass Works. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B29_F4_p011.jpg) SATURDAY, JANUARY 4, 1896 Bitter cold, and about five inches of snow. Poor Evan had 42 miles of driving to do, going first a mile beyond Kanesholm to Herbert Spencer's child and then two miles beyond Mount Jewett to set a broken leg. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B29_F4_p012.jpg) SUNDAY, JANUARY 5, 1896 Thermometer 10º below zero at the Thomson House. In spite of the cold we had 124 at Sunday School. Mr Downs preached well in the morning. My wandering sheep Becky M' Knight came back after 11 months sulks. In the afternoon I minded Sashy while Harry kept Aug*. Sashy didn't get to sleep till 7.30, and I have just stolen out of his room. All are gone to church but Virginia who is putting her boy to sleep. Mr Hubbard spoke to me about Elisha's becoming an elderxx. I find Elisha is willing now. Wrote to H. M. W. *ONG was Thomas L. now known as Leiper or Lee of Dover, Ohio xx Presbyterian ch. at Kane. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B29_F4_p016.jpg) THURSDAY, JANUARY 9, 1896 [newspaper clipping] BRADFORD (PA) ERA [---]Y, JANUARY 10, 1896. DEATH OF HARRIET KANE. Was Singing in the Choir of the Kane Memorial Church. “SPEED AWAY” WAS THE REFRAIN Which Was on Her Lips When the Dread Messenger Came—Sad End- ing of a Religious Meeting Last Evening. KANE, Pa., Jan. 9.—[Special.] —This is the "week of prayer” and in the Presbyterian church in this place it is be- ing observed. The services to-night were impressive and largely attended. The usual form of worship, consisting of prayer, music, etc., was being car- ried out, and among the singers in the choir was Dr. Harriet Kane, one of the most popular Christian ladies in the county. Near the organ she stood and was singing a hymn, the refrain of which was, “Speed Away!” and at the last line of one of the verses, and just as the words quoted rang out in clear tones from the sing- er's throat, she was seen to fall help- lessly to the floor. In a moment the congregation was in great excitement and the services were brought to a sudden ending. Dr. Evan O'Neill Kane, a brother of the stricken woman, hurried toward where she lay and examined her pulse. Her mother was present and Dr. T. L. Kane, another member of the fam- ily, was also a witness of the scene. It was soon learned that the woman was dying. Efforts to revive her were without avail and in a few min- utes she was a corpse She had been unconscious from the time of her prostration and died with- out uttering another word after voic- ing the peculiarly pathetic refrain of the Gospel song—“Speed Away!” The grief of the relatives and the congregation was heartrending, and all who were present were peculiarly impressed by the strikingly sudden death of this most estimable woman, in the prime of life and in the church which had been reared in memory of her illustrious father, the hero of many battles. The pathetic circum- stances surrounding the lady's death were commented upon by all citizens as the saddest occurences in the history of the borough. The woman had been in good health, so far at least as anybody knows, up to the moment of the fatal attack. It is supposed that an affection of the heart was the cause of her demise. The body was removed to the late home of the deceased, in the out- skirts of the town, and word was sent to Elisha K. Kane, brother of the de- ceased, at Kushequa. “Dr. Harriet,” as everybody called her, was a most energetic worker in religious and charitable movements, during her life, and was a prominent member of the W. C. T. U. of McKean county. She was also much interested in the cause of temperance and assisted the promoters of the Prohibition party in their endeavors to subdue the rum traffic. She was a successful physi- cian and had a large practice. The whole community mourns her sad and unexpected death. Dr. Harriet Kane was a daughter of the late Gen. Thos. L. Kane of "Bucktail" regiment fame. She had never married and was aged about 40 years. The funeral announcements will be sent to THE ERA to-morrow. [text along side of newspaper clipping] SPEED AWAY T.O. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B29_F4_p017.jpg) FRIDAY, JANUARY 10, 1896 Jan. 23 It is two weeks today, January 23rd, since my darling fell asleep in Jesus. 1/9/96 I cannot say that I am unhappy yet, since the sense of loneliness is still overpowered by that of gratitude to our Heavenly Father. My Harry was full of happy activity all day. She drove over to town in the morning to make sure that Fanny Denning would be at the prayer meeting. I was too busy to go, and it is so seldom that she ever went alone that I might reproach myself. She came back bright and cheerful saying that the air was so pleasant that she would take Maggie and the babies a drive. Then after dinner she prepared her programme for the evening, and then coaxed me to leave Mrs Parsons to her sewing and come away with her to finish a book we were reading together and to put up lace curtains in Letty's room. After tea we all drove to the church. Walking from the hospital to church she told me that she felt a little frightened. She had been appointed to lead the meeting. The first hymn that she gave out was "Only remembered by what we have done." Her dear voice rang out so clearly that I tried to signal to her to save herself for the little address she meant to make on behalf of Armenia. The newspaper tells the rest. —See clipping pasted on reverse side ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B29_F4_p018.jpg) SATURDAY, JANUARY 11, 1896 If only we could taste the peace of Death [the following is written sideways over sketch of an ancient cross] My poor dear, mother, how full of sorrow was her cup — how blessed is the endless peace of death Written by Col. ELISHA K. KANE COMMONLY CALLED By NICKNAME SASHY. [downward arrow points to the following text] Here vanishes forever more The brief bright day of life — Here the tumultuous heart gives air Its yearning and to strife — Here Lies our Sorrows end Religions cease Naught but the sleep of death — perpetual peace Naught but the sleep of death endures, — <[---]> and peace ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B29_F4_p019.jpg) FRIDAY, JANUARY 24, 1896 Went with Tom to Smethport on the early tran to take out letters of administration to Harry's estate. Returned by the "prison-pen" x driving out to Ormsby. The day was a miserable one of rain and sleet. B.B & K or BB&S. Narrow gauge R.R.? Note: E.K. Kane's RR. which was broad-gauge constructed later ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B29_F4_p020.jpg) SATURDAY, JANUARY 25, 1896 Busy at home in the morning. After dinner went with Tom and Evan to an operation on Mrs Huber, once Laura Lagestrom. My part was only to support her legs, but I felt very tired with standing so long. After that I drove with Evan down to Sergeant to see the little boy with the abscess, as he thought it might have to be opened again. But it did not. Coming back a snow shower beat in our faces all the way and on entering the house I felt the contrast very much between now and a cold autumn night when Evan and I and Sashy came back from Sergeant. Then my darling came eagerly to meet me, and hurry off our wraps and welcome us to warmth and fire and the lighted tea-table, with some special little preparation to greet us. May God help me to make the home she has left bright to those who are here still. Good and loving and tender they are, God bless them. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B29_F4_p021.jpg) SUNDAY, JANUARY 26, 1896 At church in the morning we had a doc- -trinaire with a good face. Poor Elisha is over- -whelmed with financial troubles. Twenty four separate suits begun against him by the Attorney General for neglect of payment of RR. taxes. I fear that he cannot lay the blame of this neglect on underlings. It is another proof that he has undertaken far too much. He has also found that his boards actually cost him $1. per M. more than he gets for them: and he has Cody's neglect as a book—keeper to thank for his only knowing now. After dinner I drove with Evan to the Water Works to see Galvin's nephew: then to Mrs Hubers at 4 a.m. he was called to Wild-Cat to a confinement ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B29_F4_p022.jpg) MONDAY, JANUARY 27, 1896 Evan did not get home till noon. I went to see each patient in the hospital for a few min- -utes and Mrs Hirsh, before dinner. After dinner drove with Evan, taking Sashy, to North Kane to see Mrs Jesse Jackson. On returning I spent the rest of the afternoon copying out and re-touching Evan's article on "What shall we do with Syphilis?" Little Tom has a very bad cold. Lila much better. Vir- -ginia was busy all day, and away all the even- -ing with preparations for a C. E. Social. Tom came home to keep me company and began to read aloud to Lila and me. We both fell sound asleep! However, I had told him that my eyes hurt, and I was quite worn out with fatigue. At this date Sashy counts up to four, but then ends his enumerations with "Many" what ever he is counting. He knows five of the capi- -tal letters. A. B. O. R. and K. He has begun doctoring too. This morning Baby Tom hit himself on the forehead making a red mark and roaring lustily. Sashy rushed to the table, pulled the cork out of the vaseline bottle and daubed the baby's forehead well, as Maggie does his in similar emergencies. Pretty well for 22 months. Mrs Neil MacEwen has septicemia and the baby marasmus. Evan is much worried. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B29_F4_p023.jpg) TUESDAY, JANUARY 28, 1896 Lila is much better. As the sleighing is going fast I got Tom to drive with me to see one school, that at Jojo before dinner. A very dull looking young man, Howard Whitting, had 25 scholars. S.T.J. taught three times a week, 15 minutes each time, Two sections learn out of the book one orally; picture of Mrs Hunt on the wall. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B29_F4_p024.jpg) WEDNESDAY, JANUARY 29, 1896 I filled this day up pretty well. Before breakfast, after reading my Bible I wrote a postal card and then a long letter to my grocer. After breakfast minded Sashy, drove Lila and him to town, was fitted at the dressmaker's and did errands till eleven. Then wrote to Helen, to Mrs Fitshugh, Lelly, Sabina Mr Barr, Dr Tiffany (for Evan) and finished copying Evan's letter to Dr. Morris. At four I took Sashy and Lila out to enjoy the last of the sleighing for the atmosphere was delightful, Returning fed the wee man, bathed and dressed him and after tea put him to sleep. I pasted in the Family Book most of the extracts about Harry. Began em- - broidering the sacque she had cut out for Lila's baby, while Tom read aloud. Tried to balance my cheque book, but am out a few cents. Oh yes, I forgot, I put away the clean linen from the wash. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B29_F4_p025.jpg) X Note by Sashy in red. THURSDAY, JANUARY 30, 1896 Worked in Letty's room taking down and re- -hanging properly the lace curtains that my darling and I hung in a hurry the day she died. We meant to do them over again on the next day, and I felt as if there were something holy in the threads I touched that had last passed through her dear hands. [the following line is in red] We wash our hearts out with our x memories In the afternoon helped Evan and Tom in an operation on Mrs Hubbard. Sashy is very cross and doesn't seem well. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B29_F4_p026.jpg) FRIDAY, JANUARY 31, 1896 Worked all the morning in Harriet's room and got some of her things sorted, pictures and bed changed a little, as I find it too pain -ful to have her pillow just as I used to see her all the time when she was sick. Oh my dear, my dear. In the afternoon went to our W.C. T.U. prayer-meeting. After all my work in rehanging the curtains in Lelly's room, I got a telegram saying she could not come! and asking Vir- -ginia Tom and the babies to come to her for a visit, so I had to write to her. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B29_F4_p027.jpg) SATURDAY, FEBRUARY 1, 1896 Worked till half past twelve in my darlings rooms. There are so many things still remaining I don't wonder she said she had no room for her clothes as she had kept so many souvenirs; and the papers belonging to her different philanthropic works are so many. It is depressing work! [note in red follows] Poor mother At dinner time I got a telegram re- -quiring me to go to Mrs McCoy's and Mrs Halls and the telegraph office about Rev Anna Shaw's coming on Friday evening. It has rained all day. Mr Rupert drove me home and then I pasted some things about Harry into the family book, and wrote to the State Superintendent of Ys, Mrs Rhoades. She had written to Harry, congratulating herself on securing so good a lieutenant, and saying that she was just beginning to work after her husband's death. Then I wrote to Mrs Hirsch, Harry's successor, enclosing the letter. Wrote also to Miss Selden sending photo, of Sashy and myself. [the following is in red] There is a kinship of the Soul the spirit both, that blood itself knows not-I write this 41 years late to my beloved mother, who was my grandmother I talk to her ghost E.K.K. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B29_F4_p028.jpg) SUNDAY, FEBRUARY 2, 1896 A brilliant day. In the morning a short man with a long neck preached a common – place sermon, and in the evening the congregation voted him in. I think we have Charlie Hubbard to blame for it, as he drag- -ged the five <[-]lasses> Hubbard votes over to Kane, and so we lost Sammons. This man A. B. Wilson thought he was a relation of Mrs. Hays but he is not. He is a cousin of a cousin. I am much disappointed. Setting Sammons aside there were two other can- -didates whom I liked well enough. I wrote letters and began copying Evan's article on the Predisposing Cause of Consumption. After dinner drove to town to attend to things con- -nected with Rev. Anna Shaw's lecture and went about them on foot as the ground was slippery with snow and ice. We are sleighing again on an inch of snow. Evan had three cases of out at Mount Jewett and came home to a late tea, but could not return here in the evening as he had a diphtheria case. Elisha came in. Tom was out at a meeting. I read the newspaper aloud alternately, with Elisha and worked on a sacque for Hattie's baby that my dear Harry had cut out. I wrote to Mr Sammons, Mary Field and business letters. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B29_F4_p029.jpg) MONDAY, FEBRUARY 3, 1896 I wrote my diary for today on part of yesterday's page, omitting to state that in the afternoon I drove 18 miles with Evan to see a patient of his at Wild Cat Mills. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B29_F4_p030.jpg) TUESDAY, FEBRUARY 4, 1896 Up early this morning too, to see Elisha off. Wrote to Wanamaker and did up a parcel to return to him containing a bag that does not suit me. There is a little more soft snow and the sky is dull. I write this before breakfast. — I had a very busy day, I wrote letters to Mary Field and to seven or eight Unions, and did some copying of Evan's article, besides taking the babies on the errand-sleigh ride. After dinner the whole afternoon was occupied in going out to Far West Kane and giving the chloroform in a triple operation that Evan had to perform. In the evening sewed and read aloud. Had perplexing letters. My sister Harriet wants to come and live with me, paying board. I must write to her and to Helen that that will not do. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B29_F4_p031.jpg) WEDNESDAY, FEBRUARY 5, 1896 Up early again to see Elisha off. Wrote a large number of letter to people of different unions. In the afternoon helped Evan by giving chloroform at a cancer operation: then drove home for Sashy and held him on my knee which Evan drove round by Jojo to Far West Kane to dress the wound of Mrs Jegenbaum. There is hardly any snow, and the air was soft from the South. The sky was an interesting study in view, of the prediction that a very great snow storm is coming. It was sometimes quite clear, and sometimes had mare's tails. When we left Kane we saw a great cloudy bar across the whole sky but it faded away. Before sunset the whole sky was dotted with mackarel clouds and the sun set orange red in stormy streaks of black. In the morning I had, a little time to myself so I cleaned out Harry's bureaus, destroy- -ing all rubbish and little trifles that were only dear because she had used them but which could not be of real use to any one, and which we would not want desecrated by the servants. or by joreyn yes ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B29_F4_p032.jpg) THURSDAY, FEBRUARY 6, 1896 A little snow in the night, changing to heavy rain at eleven. Elisha came in late and departed without any of us knowing he was here. Evan has had a terrible headache all day and did not come down home to dinner lest he should have caught Shaffer's diphtheria, but by night he had decided that it was rheumatism from fatigue and loss of sleep for two nights. Last night he was at a miscarriage at Chris Nelson's. This morning he made a triple operation for Dr. Armstrong on Mrs Dale. Poor Sashy fell down the winding stairs and has a number of bumps on his head, but seems none the worse otherwise. Maggie went to the bathroom for the baby's bottle leaving him in the room with Virginia and the baby and he trotted after her, unseen, and must have lost his balance. I was afraid to be away from him long, so hurried through my errands. and spent all my day at home. Finished copying Evan's article, and finished the last letter to the sixteen Unions. Worked on a pink frock for Sashy and the baby's sacque [The following is a newspaper clipping] Kane Daily Republican. THURSDAY, FEBRUARY 6, 1896. Yesterday at the Sanitarium, Dr. Eyan O'Neill Kane, performed a delicate and successful surgical operation in the removal of a cancer from the breast of an aged lady named Larson. The can- cer weighed four pounds, and was re- moved in the remarkable short time of five minutes. Being located so near the large arteries, its removal required delicate surgery and celerity to prevent the patient bleeding to death. This morning the patient was doing nicely, with good prospects for recovery. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B29_F4_p033.jpg) FRIDAY, FEBRUARY 7, 1896 The big blizzard is on us, but though the wind howled all night and is raging now there does not seem to be over an inch of new snow. And this is an unfortunate sort of day for Dr Anna Shaw's lecture. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B29_F4_p034.jpg) SATURDAY, FEBRUARY 8, 1896 A lull in the storm though there was a strong eastwind. Out shopping in the morning, and sewing as hard as I could in intervals. In the after- -noon from half past four till half past six drove with Evan to Dahoya to see the boy with the bad ear. After dinner I made a new waist for my moreen petticoat. Poor Biv. was so dis- appointed. He worked late last night and rose ever so early in the morning to secure a few hours for painting after our early dinner. He had not been a minute at work when he was summoned to Mrs Larson whose wound had begun to bleed obstinately and then to a confinement, so it was 4.30 before he was free. Mrs Crisman had a baby ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B29_F4_p035.jpg) SUNDAY, FEBRUARY 9, 1896 This is the first household exigency I have had since my darling little helper left me, and at every moment I miss the bright brave presence. Ida is very sick with the pneumonic form of grippe. The great snow foretold is upon us: about a foot having fallen in the night ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B29_F4_p036.jpg) MONDAY, FEBRUARY 10, 1896 Very busy all the morning preparing to go to New York this evening. In the afternoon helped in a long painful operation on young Galvin's arm then hurried back to an early tea and left in a renewal of the snowstorm. The blessed babies were well and Ida much better. Tilly's sister Hannah Johnson was to work in her place. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B29_F4_p037.jpg) TUESDAY, FEBRUARY 11, 1896 No snow at all in Phila but a fierce gale of wind. We Tom, V. and I went over to Memorial Hall in the Park in spite of it as V. has seen nothing of Phila then took the 1.40 train to N. Y. I went to Harriet's and they to Lelly's They all came up here in the evening. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B29_F4_p038.jpg) Evidently WEDNESDAY, FEBRUARY 12, 1896 As soon as breakfast was over went down to 18th Street, whence, being joined by V. and T. we went to Silo's gallery in Liberty Street where my father's poor pictures are hung ready to be auctioned off tomorrow. I want to buy $300. worth to give Walter. This is the first time of keeping Lincoln's birthday as a legal holiday. We returned to meet Walter and Sabina at a beautifully served lunch and then were shown over 4 West. Lelly's beau- -tiful Paris furniture and her mother's have made the old house very beautiful. Still very cold and very clear. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B29_F4_p039.jpg) THURSDAY, FEBRUARY 13, 1896 A gray morning: show threatening. I am to lunch at Helen's Elisha came to see me and persua- -ded me to stay till Monday: then heavy rain set in. I was really very sick with vomiting and diarrhoea. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B29_F4_p040.jpg) FRIDAY, FEBRUARY 14, 1896 Tom bought in all the pictures I wanted, for $2.15 It will be a handsome gift to Walter. I lay on the sofa sick all day. Tom has also got a group of flowers painted by Rachel Ruisch for Lelly. It was bought for $13 by a dealer who asked $35, for it but took $18. I believe that it went a little higher than most, because Papa had pasted on the back an extract that I had made from a novel of either Edna Lyall's or Maarten Maartens speaking of RR. as a celebrated flower-painter in James II's day. The other pictures we bought went higher in proportion because George Walls was bidding against Tom, whom he did not know to be there. One other picture fetched a high price – the interior of a stable by Morland. This brought $105. The, whole 17 brought a little over $700. which is reduced first by the auctioneers 15% and then the cost of storage. So for about $50. ahead the family have deeply hurt Walter's feelings. Note: x "Lelly" may have been the boyhood family "Nickname" of my father her eldest Son Elisha. He always detested the pet name so much he would never reveal it nor would my mother—Kent. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B29_F4_p041.jpg) SATURDAY, FEBRUARY 15, 1896 Felt a little better, so went to look for a book on "The Sense of Smell as an Aid to Diagnosis." for Evan. Went to two publisher's and the New York Hospi- -tal Library but found nothing. Came back and lay on the sofa. It is a deadly dull visit. Poor dear Helen comes in bright and rosy looking in spite of a severe sore throat, but Harry is lonely and makes no effort to be cheer- -ful. It is lonely: I don't think I could bear being alone, used as I am to a loving house - - hold circle : I'd rather go to a boarding house if I could not have visitors. Well, I had a visitor. G. Watts came to see me on Thursday but I was too sick to see him. It was to tell me that James has been morphine eating for five years: a habit begun at Kq. (of course from rooming with that book-keeper) He was found out three years ago by G. and then gave promises to abstain. Three weeks ago he ascertained positively that he was taking it freely, so he sent him to a cure at Hartford. I have promised to take him when he comes out unless I find him drinking or taking it. Poor Helen! She has been deceived by a tissue of well-meant lies, and believes as I did, that he is away on business of the firm. George thought that he alone knew of it, and has found that James had told Walter and Julia, terrifying her as to the horrors he must undergo. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B29_F4_p042.jpg) SUNDAY, FEBRUARY 16, 1896 So cold and snowy that I did not go to church. At church time it bright- -ened up. I read several sermons and some goody-goody tracts. Helen, Duncan and Tom with Virginia in the afternoon. In the evening H. and I capped hymns. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B29_F4_p043.jpg) MONDAY, FEBRUARY 17, 1896 Clear and cold: hope to go home tonight ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B29_F4_p044.jpg) TUESDAY, FEBRUARY 18, 1896 Returned home to find the servants gone! Evan had to discharge them abruptly ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B29_F4_p045.jpg) WEDNESDAY, FEBRUARY 19, 1896 The new cook knows nothing whatever. I have been very busy all day in my little kingdom none of us going out. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B29_F4_p046.jpg) THURSDAY, FEBRUARY 20, 1896 Storming hard till near noon. Ther. 6º below zero this morning but we feel the cold more because of the high wind. We expect Virginia and Tom and I finished the little pink sack for their baby. After dinner we expect a bad operation with the patient likely to die. I feel so miserable! —She got along wonderfully. I gave the ether, though Tom put her under it. The abscess contained at least a gallon of pus. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B29_F4_p047.jpg) FRIDAY, FEBRUARY 21, 1896 Miserably cold and windy: had to go to town on errands in the morning and in the afternoon for a W. C.T.U. meeting. My new cook will not do. The papers say that both the Narrow Gange RR. and the high road to Mount Jewett are impassable. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B29_F4_p048.jpg) SATURDAY, FEBRUARY 22, 1896 Very cold all night. Finished copying Evan's article on his Artery Clamp. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B29_F4_p049.jpg) SUNDAY, FEBRUARY 23, 1896 A very stormy disagreeable day. A very dull sermon. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B29_F4_p050.jpg) MONDAY, FEBRUARY 24, 1896 Today I showed Evan that Sashy knows all the capital letters. He has begun to ask, or rather growl interrogatively for the names of the numbers. It was a disagreeable day. I rose early to see Tom off for Tionesta. Elisha and Evans also got up and Elisha talked to me for about two hours about possible plans of partially shutting down or selling. Then at ten I drove Zella and Virginia to town. Errands occupied an hour. By 11 the day was milder so I returned and took Sashy a short drive but poor "Ong" seems to have la grippe. After dinner took a 15 minute nap, then wrote and worked a little and minded "Ong" a while. After tea sewed or read aloud "The Red Cockade." Harriet Wood drove with me, and sat up till 9.30 reading a novel. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B29_F4_p051.jpg) TUESDAY, FEBRUARY 25, 1896 Very cold but clear: ther. 5+. All morning very busy in S.T.I. work; clearing off all my corres- -pondence, but this afternoon brings me another letter. In the afternoon drove Harriet Wood, Sashy and Lila to the post office and back. Worked on a pink frock for Sashy and cut out a blue sack for "Ong." Poor little pet, he had a bad night but seems rather better. Evan operated on Mrs Staples' feet, removing exostoses that were under bunions, ren- -dering her unable to walk. Mrs Morgan (the pelvic abscess case) was out of her mind last night and all day, but seemed more rational by evening. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B29_F4_p052.jpg) WEDNESDAY, FEBRUARY 26, 1896 "Ong" cried so often in the night that Evan did not sleep at all. He did not wake me till 4, and after that I lay awake. Then the telephone rang for Evan to go to Jeckenbaum's, so I made the servants get some cocoa, eggs and toast for Lila and himself and they got off a little after six. Yesterday was such a brilliant one that it seems odd to find an additional inch and a half of snow fallen in the night. In the afternoon started out with Evan to go to Highland but the drifts were so deep that he brought me back disgusted with my lack of pluck when we sank in the snow and Fanny (horse) lay down, while Mr Hoskins who met us was upset. Evan lost his battery too, when we were out, and then went back alone. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B29_F4_p053.jpg) THURSDAY, FEBRUARY 27, 1896 A lovely brilliant day. I had a great many er- -rands to do, so took Sashy out twice. Wrote to Mrs Burdick and Mrs Kerr and Mrs Loveland. Evan's eyes are very bad. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B29_F4_p054.jpg) FRIDAY, FEBRUARY 28, 1896 Commenced a very long genealogical letter to Dr W.W. Kane who wants information about his grandfather Elias of Illinois. This occupied all my morning. My afternoon was taken up with visiting two sick people Mrs Hall and Mrs Staples and a missionary meeting. After it was over Evan took Sashy and myself a short sleighride as the atmosphere was delighted Finished Sashy's pink frock and read aloud in the evening. Note: x U.S. Senator who lived once at KASKASKIA, III. once the state Capital before Vandalia and then Springfield. Kaskaskia on Mississippi E. Bank was cut off by Mississippi floods and I believe largely destroyed. Now in part on an Island in the river. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B29_F4_p055.jpg) SATURDAY, FEBRUARY 29 1896 This is the day for the completion of the sale of the hotel. Tom has been for the last two days in a state of extreme tension lest it should not go through, and the deed has had to be changed three times. I have no anxiety about it as if it does go through, I fear the rascals who purchase it have some trick in view, per -haps trying to get a license and test the valid -ity of our restrictions. I finished my long, long letter to Dr W.W. Kane, did errands and sewed. Evan was called to St Mary's in the night to operate on an irreducible strangulated hernia. He found part of the gut dead and about a foot inflamed, so that the prospects are not good. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B29_F4_p056.jpg) SUNDAY, MARCH 1, 1896 The sky is gray this morning and yesterday even- -ing's rain has been followed by a slight skim of snow. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B29_F4_p057.jpg) MONDAY, MARCH 2, 1896 Very stormy I waked at three to hear the wind howling. Rose at five. Elisha, Evan, Lila and I breakfasted at six. Then Elisha started on the Narrow Gauge but had to come back and take the 11 A.M. P & E. Evan went to High- -land and no sooner returned than he found a sum- -mons to a place beyond Highland. So back he has gone in the teeth of the storm. My cook is sick and I had to let her go to the kitchen so I am minding both babies Virginia having gone to a music-lesson. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B29_F4_p059.jpg) WEDNESDAY, MARCH 4, 1896 Went to see Mr Shaffer about the liquor men. He doesn't see much chance of effecting any- -thing unless against Gillis ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B29_F4_p060.jpg) THURSDAY, MARCH 5, 1896 Yesterday evening and tonight are appointed for the Business Men's Carnival and I have been doing business as a carrier and errand, boy and helping to mind "Ong" while his mother worked at the Car- -nival ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B29_F4_p061.jpg) FRIDAY, MARCH 6, 1896 Fog all day but mild so I had Sashy out for a little while. Evan is almost used up with fatigue. I spent all the morning type-writing his article on Stimu -lants in cases of Shock, and went in the afternoon to a W.C.T.U. meeting. Only four present. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B29_F4_p062.jpg) SATURDAY, MARCH 7, 1896 Heavy rain and thunder in the night; snow- ing with a strong wind all day. Lelly arrived on time. My third cook down with la grippe. Sashy's cough is bad: breath feverish and temper irritable. Evan called up at 3 A.M. to a con- -finement. He says he averages five cases of grippe a day. Virginia Tom and Lila have gone to the Business Men's Carnival. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B29_F4_p063.jpg) E.K.K. elected an Elder SUNDAY, MARCH 8, 1896 Snowing more or less. Let Maggie go early, so that V. and I might go to the election of elders. Dear Elisha was elected one with practical unanimity God bless him! ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B29_F4_p064.jpg) MONDAY, MARCH 9, 1896 Brilliant day. Drove Lelly and H.M.W. about town on errands. Cut out heavy flannel wrapper for myself. In the afternoon took the new minister's wife and child and her sis- -ter out sleigh riding. Virginia was out nearly all day chiefly trying to straighten out the business part of the business carnival, and to avoid being drawn into a quarrel with Mrs Mc.Clusky & Co. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B29_F4_p065.jpg) TUESDAY, MARCH 10, 1896 Another gray day so we may have more snow. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B29_F4_p066.jpg) WEDNESDAY, MARCH 11, 1896 Busy at home all the afternoon; erranding in the morning. Made a clean copy of Evan's article on Ingrowing Toe-nails. Wrote to Helen. In the evening Tom took V. and Lila to a Y. sociable. Harriet went to bed at 8, Lelly at 9 when Evan returned and talked over his plans for an hour. Then he was called off and I sewed on a sacque for Lila Cope's baby and went to bed about half past ten. Sashy's cough very bad. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B29_F4_p067.jpg) THURSDAY, MARCH 12, 1896 Deep snow: ther. 8° above at breakfast time, the sun coming out at noon. Wrote to Lippincott & and to Mary Field. Type wrote Evy's article on Ingrowing Toe-nails. Dear Sashy's cough very bad. Put away clean clothes. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B29_F4_p068.jpg) FRIDAY, MARCH 13, 1896 Very cold and stormy; drove the ladies out while I did my errands; worked hard all day with little to show for it; wrote to Mrs Fuller; sent Judge Kane's picture ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B29_F4_p069.jpg) SATURDAY, MARCH 14, 1896 Below zero in the night: very cold and windy. Both little boys cried a good deal and Sashy is still sick. Evan trying to do night work at the hospital as Mr Rupert is sick. This evening there was a reception to the new pastor, for which the Chris- -tian Endeavorers did the work and the ladies of the church the carping. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B29_F4_p070.jpg) SUNDAY, MARCH 15, 1896 A stormy Easterly wind with snow. The house party unusually large as Lelly Harriet and Lila were here besides ourselves. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B29_F4_p071.jpg) MONDAY, MARCH 16,1896 Last night I read aloud a lovely essay on Cheerfulness as a grace to be obtained and this morning have been as cross as two sticks. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B29_F4_p073.jpg) WEDNESDAY, MARCH 18, 1896 My Birthday ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B29_F4_p074.jpg) MONDAY, MARCH 23, 1896 Our home burned down in the afternoon. Took shelter at the Thomson House. The "Summit" hotel at Kane later made into the big old hospital and called KANE SUMMIT HOSPITAL ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B29_F4_p075.jpg) TUESDAY, MARCH 24, 1896 The Silence of these blank ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B29_F4_p076.jpg) WEDNESDAY, MARCH 25, 1896 pages speak no effort and no agony of heart (THIS NOTATION IS BY SASHY) E. K. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B29_F4_p077.jpg) TUESDAY, APRIL 21, 1896 Returned to Kane to take up our abode in the hospital on this anniversary of my wedding day 43 years ago. began poor on the ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B29_F4_p078.jpg) SATURDAY, JUNE 13, 1896 Tom broke his collar-bone today, badly. He was riding on his bicycle with Virginia and had lowered the handles from their accustomed place. He had a large bunch of flowers for Children's Day and was riding at speed to go to see where a fire was. Vir- -ginia shot ahead of him, but slackened to go over a high crossing. In order to avoid a collision Tom tried to turn out, but having only been using one handle, the flowers confusing his sight while the change of place made him miss the feel for the handle he came against the high crossing helplessly. He is in much pain. Evan's uncomfortable misery proves to be jaundice. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B29_F4_p079.jpg) SUNDAY, JUNE 14, 1896 Evan felt so wretchedly ill that he deter -mined to go and consult one of the Buffalo phy- -sicians as he could neither afford to lie-by willingly or perforce. As Tom seemed to be doing well we suddenly agreed that I should go with him and we left on the noon train : Found all the men he wanted to see away and after driving for miles and incidentally seeing what a beau- -tiful town Buffalo is he consulted a Scotch doctor who recommended dry Champagne! The only good he got out of him was the knowledge that phosphate of soda was a good laxative. We had only time to eat a good supper (I did, that is) at the forlorn Mansion House and take the return train to Corry which we reached at 1 a.m. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B29_F4_p080.jpg) MONDAY, JUNE 15, 1896 Took train from Corry at 9. Evan feeling very miserable; found Tom alarmingly ill with peritonites, and Evan by afternoon decided to telegraph for Keen to open the abdomen. However, some risky treatment of Mr Ruperts who had ventured to do what Evan would not have done produced the result, and we countermanded Keen's coming. I wonder what Rupert's treatment was? ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B29_F4_p083.jpg) THURSDAY, JUNE 18, 1896 Eleanor Cross married to Allan Marguand. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B29_F4_p084.jpg) FRIDAY, JUNE 26, 1896 We are full of a new idea, and I cannot quite settle who broached it, but we are all anxious for Elisha's coming, to hear what he says. It is to aban- -don the old house and build at the intersection of Clay and Haines Street. There is a far finer view than the old house ever had, for it looks away down (toward) the North Kinzua over unbroken forest that may always stay unbroken, for it is too rocky ground to ever be valuable for farming and as in the immediate vicinity comes the land that was granted for Park once and long ago bought in by us we can grant it again if we choose or if the Borough get it, it must keep it. Then the back of the house would look on the best streets of the village. It is a better place as an investment, and the objections are comparatively few. The great advantage to me is that I should get away from the awful loneliness of the old place where Tom, and Harry suffered so much and I for them. I don't like to dwell on it, yet, as I may have to go back! ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B29_F4_p086.jpg) SATURDAY, JUNE 27, 1896 Friedlander sent over the rejected picture of me and poor Elisha bought it for $50. Note – This apparently refers to the Friedlander portrait of Eliz. D. Kane which hung so long at Silverside and now is property of Florence Kane (MRS. Edgar A. J) Johnson and hangs at Winterbrook home ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B29_F4_p090.jpg) WEDNESDAY, JULY 1, 1896 Bayard Kane and Mr. Dunn put in an appear- -ance here, having bicycled from Philadelphia. The weather is very warm and I am having dormer windows put in Elisha's and Tom's bedrooms which will make them much more comfortable. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B29_F4_p091.jpg) TUESDAY, JULY 7, 1896 Somewhere about this date Evan, Lila Ru- -pert and I started on a nine days trip down the St Lawrence and up the Saguenay return -ing by New York. It did us all a great deal of good. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B29_F4_p092.jpg) MONDAY, AUGUST 10, 1896 Left Kushequa after a pleasant week there with the babies. Not E.K. Kane's children. ELISHA K'S ELDEST CHILD – Harriet – born Oct 16,1897 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B29_F4_p093.jpg) TUESDAY, AUGUST 11, 1896 Left for Deal Beach on the evening train ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B29_F4_p094.jpg) WEDNESDAY, SEPTEMBER 2, 1896 Left Deal Beach. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B29_F4_p095.jpg) THURSDAY, SEPTEMBER 3, 1896 Came back from our pleasant three weeks at Deal Beach very much improved in health, except that on our way up Sashy. Maggie x and myself have taken cold. x Maggie young negro daughter of Scipio and one time slave worked for Eliz D. and then her son Evan Kane until she was about 80 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B29_F4_p096.jpg) SUNDAY, SEPTEMBER 13, 1896 Nelie Wright is dying of diphtheritic paralysis. x Virginia is sent for. x VIRGINIA WRIGHT KANE WIFE OF DR. THOS. L. KANE ELIZ. D'S YOUNGEST SON ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B29_F4_p097.jpg) MONDAY, SEPTEMBER 14, 1896 Virginia left at 6.30 A.M. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B29_F4_p098.jpg) TUESDAY, SEPTEMBER 15, 1896 Nelie Wright died about 1 A.M. ten minutes before Virginia arrived. Mrs. Wright has tele- -graphed for Tom to ask him to go to the Funeral. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B29_F4_p099.jpg) WEDNESDAY, SEPTEMBER 16, 1896 Tom left for Bay City at 6.30 A.M. and I started at the same time to got to Port Allegany to attend the Convention. A wreck at Rolfe* delayed the train eight hours, so I came back and put in my time usefully as well as pleasantly. * ON P.L.E.R.R. Just Above JOHNSONBURG By TRAIN MRS. KANE WENT TO EMPORIUM thence to PORT A. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B29_F4_p100.jpg) THURSDAY, SEPTEMBER 17, 1896 Started again this morning early and went to the Convention. There was a great deal of trouble over the Presidency which Mrs Chambers was elected to. Mrs Stewart wanted it and declined to serve as Vice President again, so much to my annoyance and in spite of my earnest request. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B29_F4_p101.jpg) FRIDAY, SEPTEMBER 18, 1896 Left Port Allegany by carriage at a quarter past six and after a ten mile drive through dense fog reach -ed Smithport in time to take the 8 A. M train for home. Held a W.C.T.U. meeting in the afternoon. at KANE. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B29_F4_p104.jpg) MONDAY, SEPTEMBER 21, 1896 Elisha stayed till five and spent a good part of his afternoon working with the flowers on Harry's grave. I sat by him and took a little more cold. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B29_F4_p105.jpg) TUESDAY, SEPTEMBER 22, 1896 Busy at home tidying, sewing and writing I finished a report of the Convention for the Leader, and upholstered a chair. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B29_F4_p106.jpg) WEDNESDAY, SEPTEMBER 23, 1896 Cold but clear today. I was waked about half past two by Evan coming for Tom and Lila to help with Mrs Lobaugh. She died be- -tween three and four and after Lila came back to bed I stayed awake till I rose at six. I spent a good while with Tom at the house site, and wrote to Helen. Cope & Stewardson <*> and sewed. In the afternoon Evan insisted on my taking a note nap, but I was constantly interrupted and finally Tom came to fetch me to the bank as Elisha had overdrawn his account nearly $1200. I made it up out of the house money. * COPE & STEWARDSON ARCHITECTS OF NEW HOME – ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B29_F4_p107.jpg) THURSDAY, SEPTEMBER 24, 1896 Glorious day. After making my bed as usual, I wrote to Ida Heiberger, Mrs Fritts Wanamaker, Merritt & Co, and a suggestion rough draught of a letter to a Mr. Delaney about a portrait of my husband. Mailed the letters and then spent an hour in Miss Mac Ewen's school, the 1st. Primary. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B29_F4_p108.jpg) THURSDAY, OCTOBER 1, 1896 Visited Mrs Mather, Mrs McCoy and Mrs Okerlind about taking superintendencies in our Union. W. C. T. U * Lecture before the Communion in the evening. Helped Evan with an operation on Mrs Thomas but forget whether it was today or yesterday. * Womens Christian Temperance Union. The W.C.T.U. badge was a little bow of White Ribbon – Sashy after he had his basement bar room going in her old home painted her badge off her portrait in Anoatok entrance hall. I so shamed him about it, that on my next visit I saw it painted back again above her heart Kent my mother was an ever loyal supporter much to please her revered mother-in-law and in Part because it pleased her ardent prehibitionis husband and in part because she had seen what "booze" had done to her neighbor's husbands and to her handsome 6'4" brother George Hays. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B29_F4_p109.jpg) FRIDAY, OCTOBER 2, 1896 Went to see the Bedells about Maud joining the church. Visited Miss Heim's room at the school, 53 children, room badly lighted. Had our meeting at the W.C.T.U. to nominate superintendents 18 present. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B29_F4_p110.jpg) SATURDAY, OCTOBER 3, 1896 Exceedingly busy all day. I rose at six, tidied my room and the parlour, watered plants, made my bed wrote many letters went twice to the post office, to both banks, did the sponging, for Evan while he removed both ovaries from poor Anna Cook, visited the parents of my S.S. scholars Isador Putnam and Cora Wise called also on Mrs Hoffman – a Presbyterian settled here. Took Isadore to see Mr Wilson. In the evening had a meeting of the directors of our hospital. Read the report show- -ing 38 cases of typhoid with but one death, as against the Bradford hospital record of 9 cases with 4 deaths. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B29_F4_p111.jpg) SUNDAY, OCTOBER 4, 1896 Communion Sunday. Isadore Putnam joined our church, one of my Harry's flock whom I have gathered into the fold, Another, Maud Bedell and her father and mother are detained by the extreme illness of Frances. Evan was up nearly all night with Anna Cook who seems to have peritonites: may she be spared to recover! ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B29_F4_p115.jpg) THURSDAY, OCTOBER 8, 1896 Left at half past six with Zella for the Convention. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B29_F4_p116.jpg) FRIDAY, OCTOBER 16, 1896 Signed contract with C. W. Uhdey of Warren, to build all of our house above the foundation walls, except the plumbing and heating for $10.630 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B29_F4_p117.jpg) THURSDAY, DECEMBER 31, 1896 Lila Rupert has just informed me of her engage- -ment to Evan. May they be happy. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F1_p001_EDcaMlZ.jpg) Standard DIARY 1897 E.D.K. 1897 357 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F1_p005_T44PM0z.jpg) The Standard DIARY [the year 1897 is surrounded by a Zodiac] PUBLISHED ANNUALLY For The Trade. 1897. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F1_p009_1eMCkFe.jpg) Friday, January 1, 1897 This has been a "green Christmas" and the sleighs that were out for a little while have been put away. For my own sake I should be glad to have a mild winter, but it is best for everyone to have plenty of snow, and of diseased germ killing frosts. I expect my sister Harriet tomor- row and have been very busy in preparing for her and finishing off as much work as I could that might interfere with being with her. This morning I wrote for Elisha's insurance men a long statement about the pneumonias that the Judge and Tom died of, and then re-wrote it. I also made four pinafores for Sashy, and wrote a letter to Mrs Fuller and another to Sabina. We had Dr. Topham to spend the evening. I am going to try Proportion- - ate giving this year ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F1_p010.jpg) Saturday, January 2, 1897 Busy all morning getting ready for Harriet's arrival She came at 12.25 looking very thing. After dinner I left her to rest while I went to the new house to meet Wh[--]ey about the places for the bell push-buttons. A quiet pleasant evening at home. Zella and Elisha reached here by the new train at seven o'clock. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F1_p011.jpg) Sunday, January 3, 1897 Another spring like day. We had W Wilson elected in place of Hubbard as Sunday School Superintendent. Then after dinner I had a long drive with Evan round by Swick's soot works, as he wanted to consult me. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F1_p012.jpg) Monday, January 4, 1897 I could not get to sleep till after eleven last night and before midnight Lila woke me to an alarm of fire. It was young's building, set on fire by thieves. We did not get to bed till nearly three and as Maggie had gone off to take care of her sister-in-law who was ill from fright I lay down with the babies but could not sleep. When Maggie took them at six o'clock I dressed and found Harriet already up and dressed, so I took her with Zella Elisha and Tom to the early breakfast. On my return I found Evan almost sure that Lila has diphtheria and he wants me to take the two children to Kq. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F1_p013.jpg) Tuesday, January 5, 1897 This morning Lila had seven patches on one tonsil so Evan packed me off with Maggie and the chil- -dren to Kushequa. There came on a furious storm of wind with an inch or two of snow and the weather turned very cold. I feel anxious about the children as this house upstairs is exceedingly cold. Zella has a little gas stove in the room where they sleep, however. Mrs. Hays is suffering from a severe attack of rheuma- - tism. I had a telegram from Helen announcing Mrs Mason's death. She died quietly, from ex- haustion, I suppose. Harriet Wood did not come out with me and as it is so cold I am glad that she did not. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F1_p014.jpg) Wednesday, January 6, l897 Frightfully cold. Both children have feverish breaths. I am very anxious to hear about poor little Lila. Late in the afternoon Evan tele- -phoned that Lila was so much better that he thought we might return tomorrow. I had to mind the babies most of the day so I only did a little sewing, wrote to Helen and read a novel "A Glorious Fortune." In the evening went to prayermeeting. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F1_p015.jpg) Thursday, January 7, 1897 The house is much warmer though the air outside seems as cold as ever. Sashy coughed and sneezed a good deal in the night. Minded the babies while Maggie washed dishes, and as I did so read a very in -teresting magazine article on Nausen's voyage in the H[-]am. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F1_p016.jpg) Friday, January 8, 1897 I came to town for ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F1_p017.jpg) SATURDAY, JANUARY 9, 1897 I hired Cleveland to bring us back on the 3.55 train. Ong seems well, but Sashy has been getting sick all day. By the time we had the children's things off Sashy was ready to be put to bed, with fever coming on, swollen glands in the neck, and what the dear pet called – "running" in his head and heart i.e a pulse of 112. Harriet has been very sick with cough and cold. C. M. Bell asks me to find prices at the Thomson House as Lelly is closing her house and going abroad. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F1_p018.jpg) Sunday, January 10, 1897 My precious little Sashy had very high fever most of the night, subsiding towards morning, and grew better through the day. Evan maintains that it was diphtheria though a very slight case. Ang has a cough but no fever. Harriet is miserable: no appetite and with so long a uvula that she has a strangling cough which often makes her retch, and prevents her from benefiting by what food she takes. I fear it will soon go on to bronchitis. Then Evan has pois- -oned two fingers at an operation and is in pain. Altogether I had enough anxiety to prevent my dwelling much on what was however constantly present, that this is the anniversary of my Harry's death. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F1_p019.jpg) Monday, January 11, 1897 Sashy is almost well: thank God. But poor Ang has a very bad bronchitic cough. Harriet's cough is worse and she has no prospect of its getting better as the long uvula irritates her throat perpetually. The babies and little bits of work took up my day, but in the afternoon Evan's hand was so bad that I walked with him to Hubbard's and then out to New Home and back. The cause of his hand feeling so bad was his having had to use it in performing two operations, and then he put carbolic acid in. Later, it did him good. In the evening Tom treated us to a lecture on the Andrews Raid: it was very interesting, being told by the engineer who drove the engine. Poor H. had to leave being overcome by the heat. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F1_p020.jpg) Tuesday, January 12, 1897 As the babies got on very well through the night Tom and Evan went to West Branch together on the early train. H. had a bad night so I did not let her go over to the hotel to breakfast. Virginia and I took so much walking in the bright atmosphere and then Ang fretted for her to carry him about that by teatime she felt very badly, and after tea told me that she was enceinte, nearly three months, and feared a mis- -carriage. I am so rusty in these matters that I almost feared to treat the case, but I had to. Little Miss Dr. Topham came over to help me and spent the night, but she was more moral support than prac- -tical help. She lay down in my room some hours, but was too nervous to sleep, and Lila came over twice and gave hypodermics. Harriet and the babies coughed till 2 A. M. when all got quiet x Leiper Harriet who? [line drawn from this phrase to Harriet in the second line from the bottom] ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F1_p021.jpg) Wednesday, January 13, 1897 I sat up all night, and carried Virginia safely to 12.25 noon when Tom and Evan returned and I gladly turned over the case. Evan however thinks that moving about will bring on the miscarriage so that it is only a question of time. He is suffering intensely with his poisoned fin- -gers: Harriet has an acute bronchitis and is confined to bed: the two children have heavy colds. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F1_p022.jpg) THURSDAY, JANUARY 14, 1897 I got through the night well and Harriet is better. Wrote to Mrs Hubbard, Chambers, Helen and Mr North Harriet was worse in the afternoon and very sick in the evening. I don't know whether it was owing to her getting up and going to play with the children while I was out. I went to Kanesholm with Evan whose hand is very bad. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F1_p023.jpg) Friday, January 15, 1897 H. said she was feeling better this morning, but she is nauseated ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F1_p024.jpg) Saturday, January 16, 1897 Virginia is feeling perfectly well: Harriet is much better. I had a splendid sleep, as Tom undertook to give H. her hot milk and medicine in the night, and the boys tacked up a quilt over my door to prevent my hearing sounds. I admit that it is really too much for me to run about doing servant's work, as well as attending to my ordinary occupations. this morning for instance it is after ten before I can snatch time to write this, and I must give H. her medicine and make her arrowroot. and then I have two important letters to write for Evan. Wrote drafts of three, but Evan wants two altered. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F1_p025.jpg) Sunday, January 17, 1897 Raw rainy weather, Tom too forlorn with his bron- -chitis to go out. Evan dined with me at the Hotel as neither Elisha nor Zella came in and I was all alone at Sunday School. 115 were there in spite of the storm. In the evening Tom and I supped with the Ruperts. Evan is suffering very much with his hand, but the rest are all better. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F1_p026.jpg) Monday, January 18, 1897 The wind blew fiercely all night and today, and what little snow has fallen is all in drifts. Copied my letter to K. P. Gout and revised that to Roberts of Renovo. Wrote a long letter to Cope, and interviewed [---]dey and Elisha. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F1_p027.jpg) Tuesday, January 19, 1897 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F1_p028.jpg) Wednesday, January 20, 1897 Cold east wind thermometer 6°+ at breakfast time: a driving snow part of the day. Virginia and Harriet both up and in the parlor: both overtired. I wrote to Supt. Roberts, to Mrs Hunt, Mrs. Lovell, Mrs S. and Mrs Robertson, entered up items in my books, wrote also to Zella, attended to business in both banks, and sewed, also took care of both babies in the afternoon. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F1_p029.jpg) Thursday, January 21, 1897 Coughed too hard to sleep much and was up at four to give H. her hot milk, then, fell asleep till after, seven. There has been rain and the weather is hardly freezing. Tom took me to New Home and I went in the garret for the first-time The bathing is done in the upper stories of nearly so. I greatly enjoyed seeing it. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F1_p030.jpg) Friday, January 22, 1897 Zella came here on her way home from a theatre party in Johnsonburg. Her little nephew Byham is very ill with pneumonia. Our sick ones are better. Tom came home having gained his case. It snowed very hard and I did not believe any one would come to our Missionary meeting, but I went myself and actually was one of nine! We are making an effort to start up interest in it. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F1_p031.jpg) Saturday, January 23, 1897 A fierce blizzard though the thermometer is 10+. The drifts piled so between here and the Thomson House as to make it disagreeable to cross. Harriet complains of her weak- -ness, poor thing. Both she and Virginia are up. Poor Evan had to go to Westline. ^ at least 18 miles ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F1_p032.jpg) Sunday, January 24, 1897 Miserably cold all day. Annie the waitress has a light attack of diphtheria and the door of communication is shut again. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F1_p033.jpg) Monday, January 25, 1897 Thermometer 13° zero and a bitter wind. I shared Harriet's bed and she coughed till 3 A.M. and was too cold to sleep in spite of heaps of bed- -ding, a hot water bag and a comfortably warm room Her system is depressed. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F1_p034.jpg) Tuesday, January 26, 1897 Thermometer 5° below, snowing and drifting. Evan was unable to get home last night from Hiller's as the train did not stop for him, so he waded from Lantz to Nohlquisk's where Tom picked him up. He has now gone to try to get to Wildcat via Kushi- -qua on the train, and from there hopes to get his horse and sleigh as far as the Lafayette Road at least, and if the road is still blocked to leave them there and come home by train. My invalid are all better. The cook however has diphtheria, and we are planning how to get meals for the babies and Maggie without depending on the hospital at all. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F1_p035.jpg) Wednesday, January 27, 1897 All day and evening given to the Convention. Harriet well enough to go to dinner. Evan out all night at WildCat. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F1_p036.jpg) Thursday, January 28, 1897 Another disagreeable day. Evan got home from Wild Cat early in the morning and started on the 7.30 train for Windfall via Kushiqua, thence bringing his horse back through the drifts. Elisha came in unex- -pectedly in the evening. I am making Sashy two frocks and have finished a plaid gingham for little Tom, as well as a pair of slippers for the elder Tom, six collars and three pinafores for Sashy. These are the record for this "spell" of household sickness. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F1_p037.jpg) Friday, January 29, 1897 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F1_p038.jpg) Saturday, January 30, 1897 Harriet much better, went to all her meals and had two walks. I called on Mrs Kemp Mrs Okes- -lind and Mrs Weeks. Both the latter are sick. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F1_p039.jpg) Sunday, January 31, 1897 Harriet seemed so very much better that I was greatly encouraged this morning. She was delighted with the beauty of the day and walked a square before going to breakfast. After breakfast she wanted another walk but I put her off till after dinner. She went to din- -ner and enjoyed it and after a while she went with Elisha, Zella, Sashy and myself to New Home. The walk was too much for her, and fortunately Tom and Virginia came by in the sleigh and took her home. I put her to bed as soon as I came in and made her a cup of arrowroot. She did not want to go to the Thomson House to tea, so I kept her on the bed and she enjoyed her supper, seemed in good spirits and very anxious to be called at six in the morning. She slept from seven with the exception of being roused for her hot milk. She struck me as a little odd in her manner one of extreme humility and gratitude. yet I fancied her very much better. She only weighs 110. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F1_p040.jpg) Monday, February 1, 1897 This morning H. was awake when I looked in at 6. She dressed, but only put on her dressing slip- -pers and her usually neat hair was all awry. She had forgotten all about going to the Thomson House and was perfectly willing to lie on her bed again, as she has done all day. She eats when bidden, has no pain, but is absolutely childish, not knowing until told how to do anything. She did not know how to open her letters and forgot the contents before two minutes were over. Evan being away I have given her two pellets of qui- -nine, iron, arsenic and strychnia. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F1_p041.jpg) Tuesday, February 2, 1897 Harriet was quiet in bed until the time when I dressed her to go in the cars. She was terrified about danger from fire or knives and ate hardly anything. I gave her a cup of hot milk at breakfast 6 A.M and she ate her porridge and drank a cup of tea at breakfast. wouldn't eat her dinner but took a cup of arrowroot after much coaxing, in the afternoon. Only a bite or two of bread and a mouthful of tea at suppertime. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F1_p042.jpg) Wednesday, February 3, 1897 Got H. safely to bed in New York after a trying journey as she was too terrified to sleep -- afraid of being too late, or of an accident. Doctor and nurse got here between two and three P. M. and at last the doctor got her to take beef tea. Every time of feeding there is great difficulty. She knows every one but showed no pleasure or interest in seeing home or even poor Helen, whose daughter Julia is ill in the hospital and had an operation for shortening the round ligaments performed today ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F1_p043.jpg) Thursday, February 4, 1897 The doctor thinks that for the present there is no need of considering. H's mental future as her physical weakness is so great that she may die. Would that she could! This afternoon she begins to be more crazy: that is she has delusions; thinks I did something dreadful to her: later, that I killed her in Heaven — takes no notice of Helen and refuses to send love to Carrie ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F1_p044.jpg) Friday, February 5, 1897 Tom and I expect to leave this morning. H's mind is more out than before: that is, she has the delusion now that something terrible has been done or is being done to her by "them". She shows a disposition to get out of bed which may make it harder for the nurse to manage her. She takes nourish -ment freely after coaxing. Stayed to see the doctor so missed the eleven o'clock train. We visited Pat in Phila and chose wedding presents for Stella Clay. Tom and Virginia gave a pair of glass and crystal vases, and I a pearl brooch shaped like a diadem We pottered about town till I was tired out so in the evening I just read a book in the station and sent Tom to the theatre. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F1_p045.jpg) Saturday, February 6, 1897 Reached home at noon pretty well exhausted in mind and body, and felt very sad over poor Harriet and her disappointed plans of enjoyment here. It is stormy: rain sh[--]cing down the snow, but with children from the different Sunday Schools racing up and down the streets in big sleighs, yell- ing at the top of their voices. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F1_p046.jpg) Sunday, February 7, 1897 Back at church and Sunday School, but pretty blue. It was a dismally stormy day. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F1_p047.jpg) Monday, February 8, 1897 Went to see Mrs Parsons about the execu- -tive meeting and set my room in order. Got a new girl for Zella. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F1_p048.jpg) Tuesday, February 9, 1897 Put in a good day's work of W. C. J. U. business, which entailed calling on Mrs McCoy, Rev Mr Alfson and Rev Dr Bunce. Then I called on the bride Mrs Hillborn who was happy, but greasy. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F1_p049.jpg) Wednesday, February 10, 1897 Very busy writing most of the day till Mag- -gie went out for the afternoon when I minded babies. Evan wretched with grippe, and Tom took his cases. Maggie has it, and I feel so miserable that I suppose I am in for it. Did up my accounts. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F1_p050.jpg) Thursday, February 11, 1897 A pretty bad night, but I find myself well enough. Evan is miserable and Sashy feels sick without knowing how. It has been a brilliant day and Virginia is out for her second sleighride. This time the two babies and Lila have gone too, though Sashy declared he didn't want Aunt Lila to go. I have been busy at home; have been working on aprons for Sashy, have written to Mary Field, Helen, Mrs. Rifle the Fidelity and some mantel people: have also been to the Post office, the Leader office and the bank, have watered the plants and made my bed. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F1_p051.jpg) Friday, February 12, 1897 Maggie called me up at 3 A. M. as Sashy was in a high fever. I devoted all day to him and to Ang both of them having la grippe. Mr and Mrs Rupert are very ill. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F1_p052.jpg) Saturday, February 13, 1897 An ideal day, and both the babies and Virginia are much better. We did not let the children go out, however. Mr. Rupert and his wife are both very ill, and Maggie is pretty forlorn. I spent the morning in going over the sewing on Virginia's green wrapper and turning it up as it was scarcely more than basted together, and she cannot run the machine. In the afternoon Tom drove her and Lila and myself to the new house where we amused hers ourselves by lo- -cating the furniture in imagination for an hour or so and then took a pleasant sleighride. Elisha came in and took all his boys to Kq. and dined them. I wrote to [--]unk & Wagnalls about a misstatement, res- - pecting the increase in membership of the Presby- -terian Church, made in the Literary Digest giving just a hundred times less than the actual number ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F1_p053.jpg) Sunday, February 14, 1897 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F1_p054.jpg) Monday, February 15, 1897 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F1_p055.jpg) Tuesday, February 16, 1897 Evan's grippe - bronchitis is very bad and he has to be going out perpetually to see patients. Virginia's isn't very bad but it keeps her housed; the ba- -bies and Maggie are better. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F1_p056.jpg) Wednesday, February 17, 1897 Finished up [-]ampico; did some sewing but also wrote several letters and wasted a lot of time on "The Moonstone". ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F1_p057.jpg) Thursday, February 18, 1897 Helen reports Harriet markedly better. It rained very hard in the night, but froze towards morning so that the sidewalks are very slippery. Evan was called to Westline about 9 A. M. Tom left for the Y. M C A convention at Reading at 6.30 A. M. I went to my meals to the Post Office, and then with Lila and the children to New Home. Called on Mrs Mell and did some sewing and writing. Elisha drop- ped in to report that the new girl went to bed with la grippe as soon as she arrived, and now is better enough to come down stairs and go back to Kane! ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F1_p058.jpg) Friday, February 19, 1897 Busy at home. In the afternoon had a W. C. J. U. meeting and in the evening a very stupid "sociable" at the parsonage. N. exerted herself to make it pleasant, dear child. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F1_p059.jpg) Saturday, February 20, 1897 Busy at home all day. I finished my Mexican tour by dinner- time, worked on Sashy's aprons and began upholstering a chair back. It was a very stormy afternoon and poor Evan who is feeling very ill indeed, had to go to Westline. He operated on a man for an ununited fracture of the femur at one o'clock. Virginia had several callers in spite of the storm. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F1_p060.jpg) Sunday, February 21, 1897 A dull thawy day. Evan got home from Westline at 2 A. M. His grippe is a little better. Mr Wilson preached on Baptism as administered by our church. The grounds given are very poor. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F1_p061.jpg) Monday, February 22, 1897 Called on Mr Wilson about Prof. Hudson. He went to see Bunce. V. left for [---] ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F1_p062.jpg) Tuesday, February 23, 1897 Called on Mr Wilson and he then went with me to see Bunce, who seemed very uncertain about having the temperance lecturer in his church and asked me to wait till he had met his Board – on Thursday after prayer meeting. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F1_p063.jpg) Wednesday, February 24, 1897 Called on Mrs Sarah Parsons and Mrs Blew and got them to promise to entertain Mr Hud- -son. Lecture in the evening: pretty good, but I fell asleep. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F1_p064.jpg) Thursday, February 25, 1897 Called on Mrs Diffender and Mrs Hilborn to urge their coming to the meeting tomorrow. After our prayer-meeting Dr Bunce and Mr Moffitt came to tell me that the M.E. church would not join in the Union services with Prof. Hudson. I made Bunce write out the reasons in the form of a letter to Hudson, as I feared mis- -conceptions might arise. Took Dr. Topham to look at various empty houses. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F1_p065.jpg) Friday, February 26, 1897 Missionary meeting in the afternoon: very few there – just Mrs. Shaffer, Mrs. Weeks (at her house) Mrs Wilson, Mrs. Hubbard, Mrs. McChiskey and myself. None of the others who were bidden came to that wedding though we had taken the trouble to invite several each of us. In the morning went to see Mr Wilson and showed him Bunce's letter. Then I wrote to Hudson enclosing it. Afterwards the pastors of the Congregational, Baptist and Pres- -byterian churches agreed to hold Union ser- -vices without the Methodists, so I forwarded their letter to Mr Hudson too. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F1_p066.jpg) Saturday, February 27, 1897 Elisha arrived from Pittsburgh on the evening train very ill with la grippe so that settles the question of my going to New York. Now, what did I do all day besides writing to Helen! Let me see – accounts, the bank, correcting proof for the Leader, a walk with Sashy a little bit of work on the sewing machine for Maggie, I really don't know how the day flew by. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F1_p067.jpg) Sunday, February 28, 1897 Elisha sick all day. Maggie left this af- -ternoon for a holiday. Sashy has taken the moving of his bed very quietly. Consultation this afternoon about poor Harriet; decision that she ought to go to White Plains on Friday. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F1_p068.jpg) Monday, March 1, 1897 I am very sad at present over poor Harriet and thankful to have Sashy to occupy me. Evan tried to take us a sleighride but it was too stormy. Elisha went home in the evening feeling better, though far from well. Evan operated on "Miss Hill" ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F1_p069.jpg) Tuesday, March 2, 1897 V. F. L. Stormy but Evan took Sashy and me a little bit of a sleighride. Except for this I worked quietly at home. As soon as Evan brought us home he was called out to a confinement. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F1_p070.jpg) Wednesday, March 3, 1897 Stormy: raining all night and snowing most of the day. Evan out at night at that confinement again, and then drove all the way to Instanter to operate. While he was away Palmer brought up a case of appendi- citis; operated on it with Tom and Dr Earley. Tom went on the early train to Mount Jewett diphtheria. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F1_p071.jpg) Thursday, March 4, 1897 Beautiful day; clear and cold. Evan is to operate for the radical cure of hernia. Tom went out early to Mount Jewett. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F1_p072.jpg) Friday, March 5, 1897 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F1_p073.jpg) Saturday, March 6, 1897 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F1_p074.jpg) Sunday, March 7, 1897 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F1_p075.jpg) Monday, March 8, 1897 Virginia returned home in the evening, Ang looking very fat and well, which is more than Sashy is. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F1_p076.jpg) Tuesday, March 9, 1897 The last evening of the lecture course, and we had a pretty good one. It has rained nearly all day, but while holding up I went to see Zella's ex-servant Rose Sigel. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F1_p077.jpg) Wednesday, March 10, 1897 Foggy or rainy. The Borough by a large major -ity voted to increase the town debt. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F1_p078.jpg) Thursday, March 11, 1897 A really Spring-like day. The melting of the snow shoes[-] hyacinths and tulips sprouted and a few snowdrops in bloom. I was busy part of the day indoors writing and snowing Paid duty calls. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F1_p079.jpg) Friday, March 12, 1897 Raining all night and raining this morning. Evan has gone to Shanley's, and is to have an opera- -tion at eleven. Heard a robin. Tremendous gale in the afternoon and it grew rapidly cold. I spent a large part of the morning hunting a boarding place for Dr. Topham, finally engaging a room at Christine Sellin's and board at Mrs Mell's. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F1_p080.jpg) Saturday, March 13, 1897 Busy all day — a day of bright sunshine. In the morning busy at home. In the afternoon called on Mrs Reed, went to New Home and to meet Prof. Hudson, who called about his arrangements in the evening Zella and Elisha came in. Elisha is full of the idea of going to Georgia. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F1_p081.jpg) Sunday, March 14, 1897 A bitter March day. Prof. Hudson spoke admirably to poor audiences in the Presbyterian church in the morning and the Congregational in the evening. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F1_p082.jpg) Monday, March 15, 1897 Bright and cold and windy. Wrote to Quigley and R. E. Lookes about coming to tonight's meeting and spoke to several others. Did up accounts and wrote to Mrs Chambers; sewed a little for V. on the machine and walked to the post office in the morning. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F1_p083.jpg) Tuesday, March 16, 1897 Evan removed a large fibroid and the top of the uterus from Mrs Bailey today — oh no, I've got the days wrong – Wednesday it should be ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F1_p084.jpg) Wednesday, March 17, 1897 Thursday, March 18 Evan operated on Rose Sigel today. Both ovaries had cysts in them, and there were one or two on the broad ligament. She suffered from shock but is doing well Mrs Bailey is doing splendidly. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F1_p085.jpg) Thursday, March 18, 1897 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F1_p086.jpg) Friday, March 19, 1897 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F1_p087.jpg) Saturday, March 20, 1897 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F1_p088.jpg) Sunday, March 21, 1897 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F1_p089.jpg) Monday, March 22, 1897 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F1_p090.jpg) Tuesday, March 23, 1897 Wrote five foolscap pages on Scientific Temper- -ance Instruction for the Miner at Mrs Richmonds request. A lovely morning ending in a snow storm. Elisha and Zella off for Georgia. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F1_p091.jpg) Wednesday, March 24, 1897 A bitter snowstorm all day. I served on the machine thirty yards of fine hemming for [-]. and wrote letter. Elisha and Zella will be out of it. (on way to Georgia) A scaffolding begun at West Wind Maggie returned ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F1_p092.jpg) Thursday, March 25, 1897 Storm continues. Wrote to Mary Field, Miss Cody, Mrs Mc Coy, Mr North made my bed watered plants, dressed Sashy by ten A. M. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F1_p093.jpg) Friday, March 26, 1897 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F1_p094.jpg) Saturday, March 27, 1897 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F1_p095.jpg) Sunday, March 28, 1897 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F1_p096.jpg) Monday, March 29, 1897 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F1_p097.jpg) Tuesday, March 30, 1897 Evan and I walked through the woods to the cemetery. The flowers on Blanche's grave were lovely, the cross of snowdrops and scillas in full bloom; those on Harrys are a little behind but some white and some yellow cro- -cuses were blossoming and the hyacinth buds are showing. Yet there are patches of snow in the hemlock woods and frozen pools. Lila says that forest fires are beginning along the railroads. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F1_p098.jpg) Wednesday, March 31, 1897 Up at the house and writing and sewing busily getting ready for departure Evan had a sad day over the anniversary of his wife's death, which he filled up with work. He operated on poor Curran's leg ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F1_p099.jpg) Thursday, April 1, 1897 Very busy all day preparing for my departure There was a hard frost but the men were at work plastering and bricklaying. The second chimney top was finished and the third begun, and three bedrooms had the first coat of plaster on when Evan and I left for Orange. There are dreadful floods along the Missouri and Mississippi Rivers. fifty counties flooded on the latter ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F1_p100.jpg) Friday, April 2, 1897 Had a very pleasant day, going with Evan early to see Earle's gallery where we found D[-] Maurier's drawings on exhibition, as well as a beautiful oil painting of Richards' – a scene of grey sunlit waves breaking on the Pembrokeshire Coast. I wish I had it. Reached Walter's<*> in the afternoon and found him much better than I expected. Unless his wife had told me of his seizure I should have said he was per- -fectly well. He is entirely clear in mind but complains of visual hallucinations *Her brother Walter Wood ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F1_p101.jpg) Saturday, April 3, 1897 Exquisite day this morning is. I am writing before breakfast ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F1_p102.jpg) Sunday, April 4, 1897 A lovely peaceful Sunday at Woodside [arrow drawn pointing to this notes: Their first Hospital at Kane] with a mind relieved about Walter ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F1_p102a.jpg) Monday, April 5, 1897 Raining all night and part of the morning; a balmy afternoon. Went to see Hattie Staples at the hospital this morn -ing; found her well and hopeful. Had a pleasant quiet day and expect to go to 885 St Nicholas Avenue tomorrow. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F1_p104.jpg) Tuesday, April 6, 1897 I took a sewing machine lesson, so did not reach Helen's till after twelve. She had a dressmaker and so I helped sew till we went to afternoon service and then we had a pleasant walk. Her house is very pretty and in a lovely neighbourhood. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F1_p105.jpg) Wednesday, April 7, 1897 Another beautiful day. Spent most of it with my hitherto unseen correspondent and dis- -tant cousin Katherine Beekman Livingston Schuyler. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F1_p106.jpg) Thursday, April 8, 1897 Nina Struthers paid a long visit, and Catherine dined here. I had an illustration of the need of being very careful how one makes promises. Sabina told me that Harriet had said to Nina before she went to Kane that both Helen and I owed her money I asked for an explanation. Nina says that H. told her that I once gave her $100. which she repaid, and that I then told her to come to me when she needed it and I would pay it to her. Consequently she considered that I owed her $100. Now there is a great deal of truth in it. I did pay her doctors bill, and then, knowing that she had a good income, I let her repay me when it was conve- -nient, and did tell her to come to me in need. I forgot all about it, but when she spent all her money poor thing and was angry with me for advising her to economise, she felt that I was defrauding her. I have lent her and Helen for her use $500. by the bye. Helen did not owe her anything either, but had said something of the same nature. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F1_p107.jpg) Friday, April 9, 1897 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F1_p108.jpg) Saturday, April 10, 1897 The sun is trying to struggle through the clouds. As soon as breakfast is over I am going down town, and in the afternoon Helen and I expect to visit Harriet. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F1_p109.jpg) Sunday, April 11, 1897 A lovely Sunday at Plainfield with the Perrys and Helen. We came out after a sad visit to poor dear Harriet. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F1_p110.jpg) Monday, April 12, 1897 Rained hard in the night, snowed a little in the morning, but spent the day at Trenton with [-]ena. I treated poor dear Nell and we had a delightful day as it cleared up beautifully ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F1_p111.jpg) Tuesday, April 13, 1897 Have spent all this beautiful morning answering letters; hope to shop this afternoon Did shop ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F1_p112.jpg) Wednesday, April 14, 1897 Another lovely day. Bought presents for every one and called on Dr Swasey about Harriet. Found letters on my return that I have been answering. V. complains that she can't stand Maggie's laziness and dirtiness. She may be lazy but she isn't dirty; that I'll swear, and she is good. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F1_p113.jpg) Thursday, April 15, 1897 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F1_p114.jpg) Friday, April 16, 1897 Good Friday. The weather was beautiful and Helen and I went down to St George's Church for the three hours' Passion Service. I had supposed I would be very tired and was surprised when it ended. It was comforting. In the evening we learned that the funeral will not take place till Wednesday ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F1_p115.jpg) Saturday, April 17, 1897 Telegraphed to ask Mrs Chambers whether she can presede at the Convention till Friday and then as I went to Walters for the day I wrote to her and also to Evan explaining why I can't well leave before the funeral. Walter has not improved. I find a lack of memory about his accounts, and the poor dear fellow cannot see the items in the beautifully kept book. Alas, now for us "Clouds in the evening sky more darkly gather And shattered wrecks lie thicker on the strand." Helen returned from a visit to Harriet, shocked to find how thin she had grown. Harriet kept urg- -ing her to go for fear she should be detained there. A dose of medicine had been given her which was purging her too much, and Helen stopped to see the doctor. He told her that Harry had no vitality stamina; that her vitality seemed exhausted, and that any little illness might carry her off. At the same time she has a good appetite, and has no bodily disease. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F1_p116.jpg) Sunday, April 18, 1897 Easter Sunday and a lovely one. Helen is depressed by learning that Ethel had one of her attacks in chapel yesterday and that it was serious enough for her to lose consciousness and be carried out of the room into another. I had a talk with Walter about smoking cigarettes and urged his making a self-denial Easter offering by giving up for a year. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F1_p117.jpg) Monday, April 19, 1897 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F1_p118.jpg) Tuesday, April 20, 1897 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F1_p119.jpg) Wednesday, April 21, 1897 Left in the evening after poor Lelly's dismal funeral was over. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F1_p120.jpg) Thursday, April 22, 1897 All day at Convention ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F1_p121.jpg) Friday, April 23, 1897 At the Convention till the evening train. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F1_p122.jpg) Saturday, April 24, 1897 Evan was away at an operation near Ridgway all the morning. In the afternoon had to reopen Rose Siegles abdomen, and after long exploring found a large abscess. He had Dr Palmer, Tom and myself assisting ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F1_p123.jpg) Sunday, April 25, 1897 The dread of my life, Evan's poisoning his hand has occurred again, probably from Rose Siegle. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F1_p124.jpg) Monday, April 26, 1897 Could not go to Buffalo for Miss Hays' graduation as Evan was in torture. In the afternoon Tom opened his finger along its whole length and put in antisep- ticised gauze to keep it open. The hand was then laid in cloths soaked in bichloride solution instead of the ice poultices. Considerable relief felt. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F1_p125.jpg) Tuesday, April 27, 1897 Rose Siegel died this morning. Evan is better, but feels as if an attack of jaundice was coming ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F1_p126.jpg) Wednesday, April 28, 1897 Evan suffering torture. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F1_p127.jpg) Thursday, April 29, 1897 Evan wretched ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F1_p128.jpg) Friday, April 30, 1897 A beautiful day. I devoted it to Mrs Boole who arrived at ten. I took her driving till dinner time and then went to a meeting with her; took her to tea and then presided during her lecture. She spoke well particularly in the afternoon. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F1_p129.jpg) Saturday, May 1, 1897 Anoatok walls up Well, the remonstrances are signed, but the signatures are very few. Evan is really better. I went with him to see the graves on Thurs- -day which were a glowing mass of hyacinths and white violets. The walls of the house are almost finished and the white hard finish inside is done. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F1_p130.jpg) Sunday, May 2, 1897 A very rainy day. Evan is much better. He and Tom spent half the day racing over the town to find certain of the remonstrances which Mr. Wood declared to be missing. After all, he had them! Mr. Wilson was so worried that he went up to see him and asking to look them over found that he had them! Well, he is to take them to Smithport tomorrow morning, and Evan and I are going to Harrisburg to see what hope may be left about an appropriation. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F1_p131.jpg) Monday, May 3, 1897 Evan had to go out to Eliasson's beyond Mount Jewett so I offered to accompany him. The drive was a fatiguing one though the country was looking its best. Evan's finger was the worse for the exertion too. We got some milk and buns at Mount Jewett instead of dinner, and on our re- -turn I felt so cold that I told Lila I would walk to New Home to get warm. Evan said he had time before starting for Chicago to accompany us. On the way back he seemed so blue and so worn out that I suddenly decided to accom- -pany him, fearing an attack of nervous heart when he should come to read his paper. Lila help- -ed me to ram a few things into a bag and we were off on a 15 minutes' notice! We could only get upper berths on the sleeper which was detestable. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F1_p132.jpg) Tuesday, May 4, 1897 Reached Chicago at ten, went to the meeting of the Railway Surgeons' Association at Medinah Hall, both morning and afternoon. Evan read his paper about 3 P. M. (on Vinegar as an antiseptic) and in the evening we took the 8.45 train for home. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F1_p133.jpg) Wednesday, May 5, 1897 Had a good sleep in the cars; the day was lovely and Indiana and Ohio were in the sweetest of May freshness. Dined at Erie and walked from the hotel to the station; took the 3.20 P. M for home. Read a little to Evan from Middle march, which hurt my throat. Found all well at home. The trip cost me forty dollars. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F1_p134.jpg) Thursday, May 6, 1897 Lila and I visited Kanesholm School, Miss Inez Stanton a nice girl, teaches from Phys. journal and Cutter's series, doesn't like Cutter; neither did Miss Glatt who was teaching Greendale School at which we called on our way home. Miss G. teaches well ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F1_p135.jpg) Friday, May 7, 1897 I visited N. Kane school: with 35 scholars: Miss Adda Stanton, teacher. Phys. taught from journal books Cutter series. Believes in School Phys. Jour Visited E. Kane school 32 scholars; has had 45 red-headed teacher: "has taught the required amount and then given scholars a rest." Whether because she was redheaded I cannot say, but both Lila and I had the impression that she was not in sympathy. Lila pointed out that in the arithmetic lesson, the children added by making a number of lines on the blackboard and counting each. They also reckoned on their fingers. In the afternoon held a W. C. J. U. meeting for myself, Mrs Rupert and Mrs Hubbard. Mrs S. Parson came in after we had ad- -journed, and I went over her accounts. Then I set off for New Home. Evan drove after me and picked me up. I also went over the Svedenhjelm house, and then Evan drove me to the cemetery. The flowers are lovely there. Little Sashy had been to see them and greatly admired his mother's and Harry's. On his return he got a daffodil from Virginia's little flower bed here, which he innocently told us was from "Mimi's grave." ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F1_p136.jpg) Saturday, May 8, 1897 Well, I had anticipated doing so much this free day with no W. C. J. U. nor remonstrance work to do. but I woke with a headache and cough and had to go to bed by afternoon. The liquor dealers are subpoenaing signers of the remonstrances, probably to intimidate them for another year. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F1_p137.jpg) Sunday, May 9, 1897 Elisha came in last night. I am penned up in bed this beautiful day, lest I should get a sort of backwash of grippe. Nobody can deny that I seem perfectly well, thanks to prompt going to bed and medicining. But they all make a fuss lest I should be sick. Poor Elisha was telephoned to that I was sick and came racing in on his bicycle, in his woods-clothes. I feel like a terrible humbug. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F1_p138.jpg) Monday, May 10, 1897 Too sick to go to Harrisburg or to License Court. Mrs Sarah Parsons, Mrs Bedell and Mrs Bancroft went, and were full of righteous wrath on their return. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F1_p139.jpg) Tuesday, May 11, 1897 Evan, Mr. Wilson and six of our W. C. J. U. ladies went over to License Court. Evan was on the stand as a volunteer witness against George Griffith and has I daresay made himself a most bitter enemy. Mr Mc Coy and Byham were also witness -es, and Mr Hilborn. Shaffer has settled his own standing in the church here. I felt much better except in my throat. Was all over New Home. Wrote to Helen ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F1_p140.jpg) Wednesday, May 12, 1897 My 61st birthday: a very rainy day, but in spite of an almost sleepless night with Sashy I feel much better. Helen has decided to give up the idea of coming to Morningside, the house I planned to loan her. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F1_p141.jpg) Thursday, May 13, 1897 Rainy night and morning changing to a beautiful but threatening afternoon of flying thunderclouds. I was busy writing all the morning and feeling a sore throat and cough and threatening of rheumatism but in the afternoon I walked out with Sashy, and, Evan joining us we went to West Wind, which is be- -ginning to look habitable, and very comfortable. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F1_p142.jpg) Friday, May 14, 1897 I had a wretched night, my throat swollen and painful and my chest sore. Woke at half past two and coughed till four when something gave way in my throat and I have been much better since in that respect, but rheu- -matism then beset my right leg and hip to such a degree that I lay awake till six when I rose and dressed with much difficulty. After breakfast the boys made me go back to bed, where, in company with a hot water bag, I feel better. It is a rainy day, I wrote to Wanamaker about blinds for the new home before I went to bed, Evan engaged Mr Wilson ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F1_p143.jpg) Saturday, May 15, 1897 In bed all day, but feeling markedly better. Made an end of the buttonholes in Sashy's new drawers, bound with pink a little shawl for N's baby and did some embroidery as well as a lot of wri- -ting and reading. Dr. Topham brought strawberries and cream from Fanny Denning and herself and dear old Ellen brought me sponge-cake. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F1_p144.jpg) Sunday, May 16, 1897 Still in bed, though I think I am quite well enough to be up. Dr. Topham has taken my class for the day. Tom has the shipping bill of all the mantels except that of the library, so as soon as they are in the floors will be laid and we can move some goods in. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F1_p145.jpg) Monday, May 17, 1897 Dressed but had to lie down again from weakness but am much better. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F1_p146.jpg) Tuesday, May 18, 1897 The boys were sufficiently easy about me to leave for Pittsburg on the morning train so as to attend the meeting of the State Med. Society. I am up and hope to drive to Anoatok with Virginia ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F1_p147.jpg) Wednesday, May 19, 1897 So much better, though I have no appetite. Drove twice to Anoatok to plan the shelving of the closets. The weather is perfect. Two of the mantle- -pieces are up, and they are going right ahead with the others. They are very handsome in that old style. I confess to preferring the natural woods, var- -nished. Wrote to order Venetian blinds. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F1_p148.jpg) Thursday, May 20, 1897 This would be a delicious day but for the dust storms that irritate tender throats. Virginia Lila the babies and Maggie and I spent most of the morning at Anoatok, which proved its claim to the title Wind- -loved Spot. We saw that all the bedroom mantles were in place, and they were ready to put in the dining room one. The hall chimney piece is there, but the library isn't ready yet. They are shaving the doors into shape and will hang them before putting in the windows but the doors and windows are put in the rooms where they will go. Now they are finishing the three window seats. I have found the missing leg of a gilded chair up in the garret here, and the chair itself at Morningside, ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F1_p149.jpg) Friday, May 21, 1897 Busy at home and also went up to the house in the morning. W. C. J. U. all the afternoon. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F1_p150.jpg) Saturday, May 22, 1897 Although there was a heavy white frost when I woke this morning the day became lovely and I took it as all holiday, spending the morning driving with the whole surrey load to the new home and to James' Mill and to our dear old place. I don't wish to go there again. It is too eloquent of the past with all tender memories. Returning found that Elisha and Zella were here. I walked to Anoatok with Zella after dinner. She seemed pleased. I finished 20 diapers for Zella's coming baby. We, she and I went to see a Mrs Weaver about two girls whom Z. thought would suit me. Then I wrote to the girls and after early supper Elisha and Zella drove away. On my return Mrs Weaver kindly came to tell me that the girls would be taking the morning train to Marienville Monday next, so that I could see them for myself. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F1_p151.jpg) Sunday, May 23, 1897 Rather a bad night for Sashy who has seemed fever -ish by times all day. He wanted me to hold his hand in the night. In the morning he seemed all right and after breakfast Evan wheeled him to the gate at Anoatok and then he went across the field and down the hill to the brook and back without apparent fatigue. I went to church, Sunday School and dinner and on returning found him on Maggie's lap with scarlet cheeks and quick pulse. I have had him for about two hours and he has cheered up. Poor Evan is in severe pain with rheuma- -tism. We have just had a heavy shower, and he is going out to Kanesholm. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F1_p152.jpg) Monday, May 24, 1897 Sashy's sleep much broken; breath feverish, temper quite good. Was up at the new house in the morning It rained hard in the afternoon; wrote many letters. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F1_p153.jpg) Tuesday, May 25, 1897 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F1_p154.jpg) Wednesday, May 26, 1897 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F1_p155.jpg) Thursday, May 27, 1897 Too busy to write. Went to prayermeeting in the evening. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F1_p156.jpg) Friday, May 28, 1897 Camphoring winter clothes, measuring old carpets, having a dress fitted, writing letters, twice at New Home, and spent a long time counselling with dear Evan. It was the evening for the Commencement but I was so tired that I sent Maggie with my ticket and sat enjoying the "Wide, Wide World" all the evening. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F1_p157.jpg) Saturday, May 29, 1897 An extremely busy day. I have Mrs Parsons altering car- -pets for the new house so I have been supervising her; have been to New Home and Morningside, have written to give a recommendation to Mabell, have written a number of letters announcing the marriage, to be mailed afterwards, have been exploring boxes and a variety of other things, besides ending the evening by making bouquets and passing ribbons through text cards for Memorial Day. Oh yes, I was twice at the greenhouse with Virginia, twice not once at the house, and went to see Becky McKnight. I was busy in fact for more than a twelve hour's day, but nothing like Evan who was summoned to Kushequa about a broken leg and drove the two new colts. He found it an old break and he was only want- -ed to make trouble for another doctor. As soon as he reached home, very cold for the weather is raw he found an urgent message calling him to Johnson- -burg. He hired Hoskins to drive him there. He got home a little after nine. While supping and saying how tired he was the telephone called him to Shanley's at Kanesholm and away he went not returning till after midnight. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F1_p158.jpg) Sunday, May 30, 1897 A gray cold dismal day. Holman dined with us and as Dr Topham, Evan and Lila were also there we had quite a merry dinner. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F1_p159.jpg) Monday, May 31, 1897 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F1_p160.jpg) Tuesday, June 1, 1897 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F1_p161.jpg) Wednesday, June 2, 1897 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F1_p162.jpg) Thursday, June 3, 1897 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F1_p163.jpg) Friday, June 4, 1897 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F1_p164.jpg) Saturday, June 5, 1897 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F1_p165.jpg) Sunday, June 6, 1897 Poor wee Ong trotted into my room today, naked, having escaped from Maggie's hands in the bathroom Evan stooped to lift him, and to his consternation noticed for the first time and pointed out to me that the darling is pigeon-breasted. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F1_p166.jpg) Monday, June 7, 1897 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F1_p167.jpg) Tuesday, June 8, 1897 Made seven crib sheets and a pillowcase, wrote to Helen, marked chemises and sheets, worked on Sashy's frock wrote to Mary Field, wrote to order sheeting for the hospital and groceries for New Home ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F1_p168.jpg) Wednesday, June 9, 1897 Began Catherine's curtains, went to the greenhouse and paid Mrs Propper, sent off old letters to Hattie, spent hours looking up houses for Dr Topham, wrote to Mr Roberts about the hospital, and various business notes as well as buying things wanted for work pre- -paring for moving. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F1_p169.jpg) Thursday, June 10, 1897 Virginia was threatened with premature delivery so we telegraphed for Mrs Brown. I passed as much time as I could with her, and wrote letters. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F1_p170.jpg) Friday, June 11, 1897 Virginia is better and willing to lie still. My cold so bad that I stayed at home except for meals. I moved my things into Elisha's little room and prepared mine for the confinement, so that N. may be tolerably comfortable. Did a good deal of sewing; made curtains for Catherine Bell's room. Had a long debate about Evan's carpet which won't go with the border we chose, or with the settee cushions, so I shall put it in the N. W. room, and cut down mine for Evan, and I will take the old red one. Today was missionary meeting, but only Mrs Hubbard came. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F1_p171.jpg) Saturday, June 12, 1897 I have a bad cold. Very busy all day, doing little. Elisha came in and I pottered about with him from dinner time till four, going over New Home, going to the cemetery and as far as Swamp Lodge. On my return went to meet Mrs Brown. Fortunately Virginia is feeling quite well. Evan operated for appendicitis success- -fully. Finished Catherine Bell's washing stand drapery. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F1_p172.jpg) Sunday, June 13, 1897 A showery day is clearing into a beautiful afternoon I got the key of the house meaning to go up there with Evan and his wife and child but they have gone to Mount Jewett and won't be back in time. Moreover Evan has to change horses and drive to Wilcox on his return. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F1_p173.jpg) Monday, June 14, 1897 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F1_p174.jpg) Tuesday, June 15, 1897 Y Convention ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F1_p175.jpg) Wednesday, June 16, 1897 Y. Convention ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F1_p176.jpg) Thursday, June 17, 1897 A lovely day; drove with Sashy and Evan to J. L. Brown's at Wilcox; spent the afternoon at the Convention; (no that was Wednesday.) It was prayermeeting in our own church, and this day I went in the morning a drive with Tom to North Pasture and then to the house. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F1_p177.jpg) Friday, June 18, 1897 Ellen cleaning. I was busy about matters connected with moving all the morning. W. C J U. in the afternoon, and in the evening a lecturer disappointing. Evan and his wife and I walked to the new house. Cut out new dressing gown. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F1_p178.jpg) Saturday, June 19, 1897 For once a hot summer day. Evan had a tiny sore on his finger covered with collodion and performed a terri- -ble ovariotomy on a Ridgway woman. She had diseased enlarged ovaries and a tumour adherent to the colon, and chronic gonorrhea. Mann of Buffalo had opened the abdomen two years ago and re- closed it saying nothing could be done and she would die in six months. As she had kept on living in pain she determined to try again. Mann's wound had closed with a fold of omen- -turn fastened in it. Dr. Mary Hays who has just returned from passing the State exam. (unsuccess- -fully, poor thing) gave the ether. Present, Tom, Dr Palmer and Dr Topham. The patient's leg was full of marks where she had given herself morphine I was busy all day sewing down here at the hospital or fussing at Morningside and West Wind Hall. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F1_p179.jpg) Sunday, June 20, 1897 Low clouds this morning. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F1_p180.jpg) Monday, June 21, 1897 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F1_p181.jpg) Tuesday, June 22, 1897 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F1_p182.jpg) Wednesday, June 23, 1897 Slept for the first time in the new house, Evan, Lila, Carl and myself Hard at work, moving ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F1_p183.jpg) Thursday, June 24, 1897 Hard at work moving: too hard ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F1_p184.jpg) Friday, June 25, 1897 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F1_p185.jpg) Saturday, June 26, 1897 Virginia was not up when I went away this morn- -ing under instructions to do everything I could to prepare a room for her by evening. Later, Tom sent word to come home, as labor had com- -menced. Evan came home from Kushequa and announced that he thought she could bear the journey. He carried her upstairs at the risk of Straining himself, and in an hour and twen- -tyfive minutes her little daughter Elizabeth Den- -nistoun, was born. A very little daughter, she only weighs 5 1/2 lbs in her clothes! As it happened, Mrs Brown, Lila, Tom and I had all gone away to supper, so there was no one but Evan and Anna Cook here. I have no servants yet, only Mrs Quigley charing. Oh dear! ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F1_p186.jpg) Sunday, June 27, 1897 I did not go to church or Sunday School having to play Martha here, but I did contrive to have a talk with Dora Cook, ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F1_p187.jpg) Monday, June 28, 1897 Well, for once I had a lovely sleep. This morning poor Evan found Mrs Clafly terribly swollen. I fear she will die. V. and her baby doing well. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F1_p188.jpg) Tuesday, June 29, 1897 Heard of John Kent Kane's engagement to Miss Margaret O. Paul. Working beyond my strength to get the house in order. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F1_p189.jpg) Wednesday, June 30, 1897 Evan was called out in the night, and had an appendicitis operation this afternoon. It rained torrents in the night. We breakfasted here and dined at the hotel. I got one servant on Monday evening, but can't get a cook. The wee baby is dreadfully delicate. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F1_p190.jpg) Thursday, July 1, 1897 Working furiously hard when Evan an- -nounced that I must go on with him on the night train to Harrisburg to see the Governot about our appropriation. I grumbled but went as usual when Evan asks. Brought over as much as possible before we started. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F1_p191.jpg) Friday, July 2, 1897 Got to bed at four and rose at six: spent the morning hunting for Lucius Rogers and then for the Governor, whom we found at the Executive Mansion. The horses were already in the side alley waiting for him, but he and Madame gave us audience and were very pleasant promising to stay with us (ugh!) if they came on the 28th. He almost promised not to veto our tiny appropriation. We took the 11.40 A. M. train home, just behind the Governor's special, and we got to bed before ten. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F1_p192.jpg) Saturday, July 3, 1897 Working hard. Wrote to Hastings' secretary. Lewis E. Beitter, to the intelligence office man, to Cadwala -der Biddle and to Elisha and did accounts at odd minutes. Brought the babies over from the hospital, so we are fairly off. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F1_p193.jpg) Sunday, July 4, 1897 Dined in the new home for the first time, although the party only consisted of Lila, Tom and myself. Evan had to go to Johnsonburg, after a last futile attempt to relieve Mrs Claffey by making an arti- -ficial anus. It is a broiling day—98' in the shade in the village, although there is a fine easterly breeze. I hope Evy won't be sick, poor fellow. I am sitting by Virginia, as Tom has to go to the hospital, but did mean to treat myself to sitting in the large cool hall, as my study (over the kitchen) is very hot. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F1_p194.jpg) Monday, July 5, 1897 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F1_p195.jpg) Tuesday, July 6, 1897 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F1_p196.jpg) Wednesday, July 7, 1897 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F1_p197.jpg) Thursday, July 8, 1897 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F1_p198.jpg) Friday, July 9, 1897 The terrible heat continues, and this afternoon we had a great thunderstorm and gale, which a tree blew across Cohn's Sylvan Cottage and broke in the kitchen roof. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F1_p199.jpg) Saturday, July 10, 1897 My darling Harry's 42nd birthday. I thought no one but myself remembered it, but Elisha and Zella came driving in from Kushequa with white pansies to plant on her grave and Tom's. My cold is pretty bad, but I got some work done. Virginia got up and moved about the second story. "Ong" is still sick, presumably with the heat. We had a nice dinner and supper for Elisha and Zella with abundance of peas and salad, first fruits of our garden. Evan and I also gathered a small mess of fine straw -berries, the second we have had. The chil- -dren's little flower beds yield pansies and Virginia's sweet peas, itea Virginica and the deutsia from Old Home are blooming freely. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F1_p200.jpg) Sunday, July 11, 1897 I was so hoarse that I couldn't teach my Sunday school class. Evan and Lila went to Mount Jewett, starting at 5 A. M. I was roaming round in search of a supposed burglar: really pursuing Evan. Wrote to Catherine Bell before church. Harry Bell has gained an Indian civil service appoint- -ment: 24 candidates for two places, so he must be very bright. The wee baby weighs 5lbs without her clothes. Virginia has given up nursing it: a pity, but her milk plainly disagrees with it. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F1_p201.jpg) Monday, July 12, 1897 Pouring this morning ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F1_p202.jpg) Tuesday, July 13, 1897 Busy at home all day till 4. 30 when I went with Evan to Erie to see the hospital. They have a very nice place but we do far more business. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F1_p203.jpg) Wednesday, July 14, 1897 Came home at 10.10 and found the new cook here. I worked most of the day at the hospital, wiping and packing books from the triple bookcase. Tom was away at Erie having gone to see old Mr Hirsch through his operation for cataract. Elisha came with him (having been to Buffalo) when he returned at 9.30 P. M. We made him a bed in the N. E. room. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F1_p204.jpg) Thursday, July 15, 1897 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F1_p205.jpg) Friday, July 16, 1897 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F1_p206.jpg) Saturday, July 17, 1897 Accompanied Evan and Lila to Niagara much against the grain, but they wouldn't go without me, and I had to take Sashy; as there was no certainty of his being looked after with Ong so sick. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F1_p207.jpg) Sunday, July 18, 1897 Saw this much of Niagara: about half an hour at the falls before morning church. We found the Cataract House so expensive that we left after breakfast, and moved to the cheap but quite clean Temperance House, so we had but little time for scenery. Evan minded Sashy. After din- -ner we all napped while Sashy did. Then went on the piazza intending to go to the falls, when a tremendous thunderstorm came on and all the guests huddled [-]n the sheltered parts of the piazza. In a lull Evan, Lila and Sashy went on the trolley down the gorge to Lewiston and barely missed a landslide. I sat and read. After tea Sashy said he was sleepy, so I took him to bed and the others went to church. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F1_p208.jpg) Monday, July 19, 1897 Rose at five, dressed Sashy, breakfasted at 6, left Niagara at 6.45, had to wait over in Buffalo, Bradford and Mount Jewett and reached home at tea-time. Tom has done wonders in hanging pictures while I was away. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F1_p209.jpg) Tuesday, July 20, 1897 Today was almost a lost day for work as I had to go to Bradford for the Executive meeting. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F1_p210.jpg) Wednesday, July 21, 1897 Lila had a very intense headache but strug- -gled to finish her begging calls: had to give up. She turned in her report and also went to a Y meeting. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F1_p211.jpg) Thursday, July 22, 1897 Lila could not finish anything today as she and Virginia tried to devote themselves to me. I was laid up all day with a regular "nerve-storm" headache. Evan was away at the West Branch Medical Association meeting, and Tom went in the afternoon to take his violin lesson in Warren. He said when he came home that his mouth was dry with worry about me. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F1_p212.jpg) Friday, July 23, 1897 Working hard as usual I was greatly relieved to hear that the Governor cannot come! Tom was at some meeting in the evening but seemed as if he could not hold up his head when he came back, yet said he was not ill bothered about any bad news. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F1_p213.jpg) Saturday, July 24, 1897 Tom and Lila have been so wretched in health for some days that there was nothing surprising when it was found that they had diphtheria. But what was most surprising was to find that Virginia had it worse than either of them. The others mended under treatment during the day, but she got worse till evening. At 10 P. M. she began to mend. Evan tried anti-toxin on her, but has much more con- -fidence in his own treatment. I took Sashy, Ong and Maggie to Kushequa and left them there. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F1_p214.jpg) Sunday, July 25, 1897 Cleared up into a brilliant day and I went to church, but could not teach my class on account of my cough. The invalids have varied all day, Virginia who was the worst is now the best in some ways—I am writing in the evening. Tom has fever and flakes on his more swollen tonsils, while Lila from whom the patches went this morning, and who had a short drove this morning – after complaining of aches all over and a pain in her chest has now got a chill and a temperature of 102 1/2. I'm very unhappy about them all, and fear for Evan and my darling babies. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F1_p215.jpg) Monday, July 26, 1897 All very sick ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F1_p216.jpg) Tuesday, July 27, 1897 Lila much better: Tom and Virginia still very weak and patches out on V's throat still. Bertha the waitress very sick, but not I hope with diphtheria. Also the wee baby, very ill with cramps all night and lying in a half stupor all day. Oh dear, dear! I was chairman of the Recep -tion Committee of Ladies for tomorrow, and had a meeting today. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F1_p217.jpg) Wednesday, July 28, 1897 There is hope of clearing this morning, and Evan's orders are to open all doors and windows. All the sick ones are better. Bertha's ailment is not diphtheria, but chlor- -anemia. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F1_p218.jpg) Thursday, July 29, 1897 Spent all day with my dear little boys at Kq. Rainy, most of it. T & V. came out of their rooms. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F1_p219.jpg) Friday, July 30, 1897 A fine day winding up with a terrific thun- -derstorm in the late evening. In the early evening fire destroyed Swoap's house, opposite us. We had an evangelistic meeting of our W C J U after which I went to see old Mrs Hirsch and Mr Wilson. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F1_p220.jpg) Saturday, July 31, 1897 Busy writing letters till ten A. M. ex- -pecting every minute to go to the hospital to pack, but Evan and Tom were out in the woods, taking holiday for once, and the boy was away with the horse so I had to work at home till after dinner; then do the Saturday's marketing and a little work covering books for removal from the hospital garret. Brought Dr Topham home to take a drive with Tom and the girls and spend the evening. I fear the little baby is too weakly to survive the summer complaint. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F1_p221.jpg) Sunday, August 1, 1897 This morning the early sunlight makes me remember so vividly our mornings at St. Augustine; the sweet fresh- -ness of our mountain air was mixed so strongly with the "glow of light and warmth and colour" of that delicious place. It ought not to have made me sad, but it did. My poor Harry came there in such pain and though she grew rapidly better and keenly enjoyed her stay, she was still a sufferer, physically. Now, if she is not peacefully sleeping till the resurrection day, she is happy beyond all words. No loveliest scene on earth can compare with her New Home, and I hope she has her best beloved friends with her. Oh, my dearest Tom, are you with her! ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F1_p222.jpg) Monday, August 2, 1897 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F1_p223.jpg) Tuesday, August 3, 1897 Today and yesterday as usual working at home. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F1_p224.jpg) Wednesday, August 4, 1897 As I expected Catherine on Thursday I went to Kushequa today to bring the babies home. It was a close still day till train time in the evening when heavy rain set in. And Elisha over persuaded me to leave the babies till Monday. The dear Silversiders are very kind to them, and the children are happy there. Their parents were very much disappointed, however, when I returned without them. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F1_p225.jpg) Thursday, August 5, 1897 A delicious day after a stormy night. I was busy at home and at Morningside all day, "grubbing" in the dirty treasures from "Old Home." I wrote some letters very early in the day, too. At night we all went to prayer-meeting. Poor Tom had to lead it in Mr. Wilson's absence, and he did very well, considering that he had had no time for preparation, having gone to Warren in the early afternoon for his music-lesson. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F1_p226.jpg) Friday, August 6, 1897 We had a large meeting of the Union here in the afternoon. In the evening Lila, V. and Tom went to a Y. sociable. Evan was tired from a wakeful night and went after Lila about ten. Then he was called to a diph- -theria case, and altogether had only three hours' sleep. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F1_p227.jpg) Saturday, August 7, 1897 This was a lovely day, but as I woke before three, I felt exhausted, and had a wind colic or rather gaseous distress in the thorax, so as to fright- -en myself. I had to rout the family up early to get Tom Virginia and Lila off to Jamestown I spent most of the morning and the early evening driving the children, and Dr Topham about and doing errands preparatory to going to Chantauqua on Monday. I kept Dr. T. to supper. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F1_p228.jpg) Sunday, August 8, 1897 Evan found the hired boy snoring at [-]. 30 A.M. no cows milked, nor horses watered, and as this is a repetition of sundry similar offences, he discharged him. What is to be done next! Babies all improving. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F1_p229.jpg) Monday, August 9, 1897 Started at 7 A. M. for Chautauqua. Lila Tom and Virginia met me at Mayville, and we went to one lecture before dinner, and a concert after dinner and then I went with Lila in the steamboat to Mayville and saw her off returning just in time for tea after a pleasant time on the lake. I didn't say a sail for a large part of the time I was either waiting for the boat to start at Mayville dock or else lying - to for boats to move from Chautauqua dock to let us land, but the afternoon was delicious. I * Lecture a stupid one about Alaska ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F1_p230.jpg) Tuesday, August 10, 1897 I engaged to take a special lesson in bread making tomorrow Went to Bible Class at 8 and to Teachers Normal Class at 9. Henderson lecture on the family at 11 – I forget how the other entertainments went: probably a concert on Monday. Tuesday evening I think it was that we had a series of views of Luzerne and the country round thrown on a screen, far finer than any I have seen. Heard and came away from a forlorn lecture by a woman on the poetry of George Meredith ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F1_p231.jpg) Wednesday, August 11, 1897 This is the way I spend my time at Chautauqua Bread lesson 8 to 9 9 Question Box W C J U 10 Left a dull lecture and began a letter to Helen 11 Very interesting lecture on The Family and the Law 11.45 Harriet back to get the [---] secondly breaded and put in the oven 1.15 Went back to take bread out 2.15 Lecture a popular one by Dixon on "Backbone" 3.30 Went to take a lesson in Pastry making and spent two hours there After ten I was so sleepy and tired with being on my feet so much that I could scarcely sit up through a sort of olla podrida exhibition in the amphitheatre of juggling, club handling children's concert, vitascope and mandolin playing. Then came an illuminated fleet on the lake very pretty, but I retired to bed before the grand fire works display that closed the day's amusements ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F1_p232.jpg) Thursday, August 12, 1897 8 o'clock Bible Class, and then a Women's Club Conference and Question Box. Then Hender- -son's lecture on The Family Life of Degenerates and after dinner two hours of eloquent pleading by Maud Ballington Booth for prisoners and to employ "graduates". I heard part of a quite interesting short lecture about The Evil Eye and the Archaic smile", the evening entertainment was a series of large pictures thrown on the screen of the ascent from Luzerne up the Reuss, the Crossing of the Alps the descent and Milan. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F1_p233.jpg) Friday, August 13, 1897 Went to 8 o'clock Sunday School, and took a lesson in making griddle cakes from 3 to 4 o'clock at 9 went to the Kindergarten at 11 to hear a rather disappointing though interesting lecture on the Turkish problem. Raced about trying to get some temperance pledge cards. After my past cooking lesson I went to rest on the upstairs piazza and was surprised by Lila. Evan and she had come just for the night Evan and she went for a row with Tom and V. before tea. Then we strolled about and were early in our places for an 8 P. M. lect oratorio The Mount of Olives by Beethoven. Tom and V. say in it as they have been practising with the choir all the week. It was painful to me as I felt it sinful to hear the agony of my Saviour sung as an amusement. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F1_p234.jpg) Saturday, August 14, 1897 We stayed in dear Chautauqua till the afternoon so as to hear Cable read "Parson Jone" in the afternoon – a charming story charmingly read. We were full of getting Evan to come back with Lila and me on Monday to hear him read again, but when I found that he could only go over in the afternoon and return by the 7 A. M. boat I concluded it would not pay. So this ends Chautauqua for this year. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F1_p235.jpg) Sunday, August 15, 1897 I carried over a note for Dr Topham pressing her to go to Chautauqua for a few days and enclosing her $10. for the purpose. Meeting her on my way. I gave it to her. Had a little more than enough of minding the dear babies in the afer- -noon. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F1_p236.jpg) Monday, August 16, 1897 Rather rainy all day: I wondered if Dr T, went and whether she would not take cold. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F1_p237.jpg) Tuesday, August 17, 1897 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F1_p238.jpg) Wednesday, August 18, 1897 Dr Topham returned this evening highly delighted with his trip. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F1_p239.jpg) Thursday, August 19, 1897 After refusing obstinately to go Evan persuaded me that I ought to attend the Bucktail Reunion at Smithport, so I left on the 10.10 train and had a wagon meet me at Ormsby Junction and so drove to Smithport. The pretty village looked its prettiest gaily decked out with flags, and the Bucktails made a great fuss over. The "Mother of the Regiment." Tom Virginia and Ong drove over, arriving about an hour before I left, but they stayed over. Elisha went on the train that met me at Ormsby. I felt pretty blue, mus- ing Harry and Tom and then thought how un- -grateful I was with my three sons all petting me. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F1_p240.jpg) Friday, August 20, 1897 Our annual W. C. J. U. election this afternoon. I was re-elected Pres. Mrs Parsons (Sarah) has collected dues from 63: now 64 - and we made her our dele- -gate to Williamsport State Convention. I was very busy all the morning housekeeping and working on my reports. Catherine and I drove to Kanes- -holm and back. Mr Cadwalader Biddle came either this evening or Saturday to see the hos- -pital ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F1_p241.jpg) Saturday, August 21, 1897 Wrote to Fidelity, two letters to the Atlantic Oil Co: to Shan- -non and Sons; to Cope and Stewardson, and to Lila Cope to Mr – I forget the name, but the County Superintendent of Education pointing out what I think to be an insuf- -ficient number of questions on the effects of alcohol and narcotics in his series of questions for Teachers' exam- -inations. Then worked on and finished my reports for County and State, in preparation for a driving trip with Evan, Lila Sashy and Catherine on Monday. Mrs Graham and Mrs Huey here for 2 1/2 hours in the afternoon: Dr. Topham to tea. Catherine read aloud a French book to me in the evening for awhile. The hospital is raised to its full height and they are beginning to lay the cellar and foundation walls. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F1_p242.jpg) Sunday, August 22, 1897 A perfect day: cool, bright and breezy. Sashy has been spending it with Mrs Rupert so I have nothing to do this afternoon but enjoy the house, and for the first time since I came here I am sitting alone on the East piaz -za and writing this and am going to go back and write up more diary neglected in my press of occupation. Wrote to Helen Watts, and taught Sunday School, wrote to Mrs O'Neill enclosing $5. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F1_p243.jpg) Monday, August 23, 1897 We are going off on a driving expedition, I fear just as rainy weather begins. Catherine Sashy and I took the cars as far as Bradford, rain beginning just as we sat down to supper. Lila and Evan drove over — road very bad - and joined us at supper. It rained hard part of the night but the morning was lovely, and we had a delightful drive to Olean through widely open valleys. We dined at a handsome hotel, and then Sashy took a nap and we started at three and drove to Cuba. Heavy clouds came up on our left and gradually overspread the sky but no rain came on us. By the bye I read on our return of severe thunderstorms in many parts of the country that Tuesday afternoon. Our road lay through gradually narrowing valleys, and while the scenery was pretty, there were so many houses and barns crumbling — no, falling to pieces — that it was depressing to one whose fortunes are tied up with this sort of country, only less fertile and colder. We found a newly done up little hotel at Cuba, very neat clean and pretty: a most pleasant surprise. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F1_p244.jpg) Tuesday, August 24, 1897 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F1_p245.jpg) Wednesday, August 25, 1897 Yesterday's trip is on the Monday page. Today I rose at half past five, dressed Sashy and we breakfasted at half past six. As our time is so lim- -ited we took the cars to Portage. We have been very fortunate in our weather for a heavy rain fell for part of our short car-journey and stopped a minute or two before we did. A ride of a mile up a long, beautiful hillside brought us to the Erie's station: we had been on the N. Y. & P. road. Here we overlooked one fall of the Genessee and here I remained for an hour with Sashy, let- -ting him stray about, gathering flowers while the others hurried to the second fall and back again, delighted with its beauty. We came down to our station by a winding path through the woods which a girl showed us, rather than have us drive down in the stage of her father's rival. We reached Cuba in time for dinner, and then began our return drive through a different and far more prosperous valley. We reached Eldred about 5.30 supped at a poor Prohi. tavern where the anti- -quated proprietor's hostler cheated our horses of a meal, and then drove to Smithport. It grew very dark before we reached there, and we were thankful that we had already sup- -ped, as every one was going to bed at Wrights the proprietor having gone to the GAR reunion at Buffalo. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F1_p246.jpg) Thursday, August 26, 1897 Rose at half past five, Smithport being as usual veiled in fog: dressed Sashy and joined the others at a half past six breakfast. Afterwards we had a pleasant drive home, meeting Elisha at Mt. Jewett who took me out to see the sites of some cottages we think of putting up for rent. Arrived at home Evan found lots of things going wrong. and I found Mis- -tress Annie the cook going to depart. However I shall not let her go before Monday ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F1_p247.jpg) Friday, August 27, 1897 Busy and happy at home: walked in the afternoon to a missionary meeting at Mrs Diffender's where we opened the mite boxes and found about $22. Appointed the next ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F1_p248.jpg) Saturday, August 28, 1897 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F1_p249.jpg) Sunday, August 29, 1897 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F1_p250.jpg) Monday, August 30, 1897 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F1_p251.jpg) Tuesday, August 31, 1897 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F1_p252.jpg) Wednesday, September 1, 1897 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F1_p253.jpg) Thursday, September 2, 1897 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F1_p254.jpg) Friday, September 3, 1897 Mothers' meeting at Mrs Lydiatt's: rather a failure. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F1_p255.jpg) Saturday, September 4, 1897 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F1_p256.jpg) Sunday, September 5, 1897 I was able to talk to my class well enough but my toothache was almost intolerable in the afternoon I went out with Evan Lila and Sashy in the woods and dear Evan went home on a full run to get cocaine and iodine to paint the gum with. They didn't give much relief. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F1_p257.jpg) Monday, September 6, 1897 My tooth ached very little all day. I went to Bradford to consult with Mrs Chambers and to tell her that I could not be Vice President another year. She was very much disappointed and said that settled that she could not serve either. However, I persuaded her to let me write to ask Mrs Newell to serve in my stead. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F1_p258.jpg) Tuesday, September 7, 1897 Went to Warren to have my tooth examined. The dentist thought that the one of which I com- -plained was sound, but that another which I thought all right was to blame, so he left both to see what would happen, and filled another two. Tom and I read in the Library for a long time. I had an amusing though silly book "A King and some Dukes" ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F1_p259.jpg) Wednesday, September 8, 1897 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F1_p260.jpg) Thursday, September 9, 1897 Busy all day over Evan's hospital report a copy of which he wants to take to Bradford tomorrow. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F1_p261.jpg) Friday, September 10, 1897 Catherine and I went out to spend today at Kushe- qua. Awing to the miners' strike Elisha's road is al- -most out of coal and he came to meet us with a very "unchancy" beast. We could not let him waste more of his valuable time in driving us back so we staid all night. He as usual is having all sorts of contret[---]ps in business, poor dear, E and Z. were both very sweet to us, and their home is very pleasant The day was terrifically hot but we had a cool moonlight evening, in fact we got quite chilly sitting on the piazza. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F1_p262.jpg) Saturday, September 11, 1897 I couldn't sleep after 4. Catherine and I left dear Zella looking very sweet and kindly. We were delayed in reaching home till eleven and took the 12.45 train to Warren. The dentist said that Catherine's tooth was dead and that there were also three to fill. Mine he thought might be saved. We then went to the Library and read there till train time. Evan was on the train and much pleased with his interview with Mr Miller. He wants to have our Hospital annual meeting as soon as possible. Mary Field wants to come next week and Miss Whitechurch writes begging me to act for Mrs. Lovell at the State Convention. Oct 8.th. Shall I? I'd have to ask Walter to defer his visit. Weather very hot. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F1_p263.jpg) Sunday, September 12, 1897 On consideration I have written to Miss Whitechurch that I cannot go to State Convention. as Walter would probably give up coming here altogether if I asked him to defer his visit. This is a charming day like last Sunday. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F1_p264.jpg) Monday, September 13, 1897 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F1_p265.jpg) Tuesday, September 14, 1897 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F1_p266.jpg) Wednesday, September 15, 1897 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F1_p267.jpg) Thursday, September 16, 1897 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F1_p268.jpg) Friday, September 17, 1897 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F1_p269.jpg) Saturday, September 18, 1897 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F1_p270.jpg) Sunday, September 19, 1897 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F1_p271.jpg) Monday, September 20, 1897 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F1_p272.jpg) Tuesday, September 21, 1897 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F1_p273.jpg) Wednesday, September 22, 1897 Left home on the 7.30 train with Lila for the convention. The train deposited us at Ki[---] junction – a melancholy spot where the forest is growing up again after the oil-population has left. The railroad that that formerly touched at Rixford has been has been torn up. Mrs Richmond, Mrs Parsons, Mrs Conklin the lecturer, Lila and I got into a shabby old stage that had been sent for us and at first I thought we would soon upset as we wound our way among the stumps, overbalanced by Mrs Conklin's heavy trunk. We soon reached a good road, however, and had a deliciously fragrant ride through the forest down into Rixford Valley, We reached to M.E. church before anyone was ready for us, and went to wait in the mal-odorous parlour of a house that had lately been visited by a skunk. The Rixford and Duke Centre unions had united in entertaining us, and we had ex- -cellent dinners served in a shanty boarding house. The convention assembled imme- -diately after dinner, and as Mrs Chambers was ill I had to preside. We had an executive session first, then the regular session; then supper and then an evening performance which Mrs Chapman con- -ducted. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F1_p274.jpg) Thursday, September 23, 1897 Lila and I were entertained by Mrs Knox, whose house though only made of boards, battered and yellow-washed outside, clothed and papered inside was quite spacious, very clean, and our three windowed room was beautifully furnished. Our meals were delicious and we had family prayers after breakfast. The Knoxes are United Brethren. They had a lady and her little boy to meals, and they took in the lec- -turer who had overheard inhospitable re- -marks made by her intended entertainers. I began the day by presiding at an executive session at 8.30, and with pauses for meals kept on presiding till 10 p. m. I had arranged to have Mrs Newell elected Vice President in my place but Mrs Conklin urged the women not to let me off, so they all voted me in again. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F1_p275.jpg) Friday, September 24, 1897 Returned from Convention. The morning broke raining heavily as it had done all night, but it held up as the day wore on, and after dinner when we took our seats in the stage to ride to Bradford it was only drizzling. Soon the sun came out and when we climbed the long ridge of hill and came to the three or four dilapidated shanties known as Summit City we had a splendid view of hills and valleys stretch- -ing below us. The Convention was a very successful one, and I know that I conducted it well, so perhaps I have done right in keeping the Vice Presidency another year. May God bless the work. This morning in the pause be- -tween executive session and the Convention. I gave an informal explanation of the C. D. act and the part Lady Henry Somerset is taking. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F1_p276.jpg) Saturday, September 25, 1897 Busy enough yet obliged to spend a good deal of time cosseting Sashy, who neither looks nor feels well. Lila is very suffering with sick headache. Catherine has had an influenza. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F1_p277.jpg) Sunday, September 26, 1897 Lila is a trifle better but Evan has one of his terrible congestive headaches. I had to give all my leisure time to Sashy who isn't well yet, but oh what a beautiful day it has been! ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F1_p278.jpg) Monday, September 27, 1897 A cold windy brilliant day. Evan is still suffering intensely but must go to Warren he thinks to meet Mr Miller. He got $1000. for the hospital ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F1_p279.jpg) Tuesday, September 28, 1897 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F1_p280.jpg) Wednesday, September 29, 1897 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F1_p281.jpg) Thursday, September 30, 1897 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F1_p282.jpg) Friday, October 1, 1897 Worked busily all the morning. In the afternoon a W. C. J. U. meeting at which a very interesting talk on the debased condition of women in China was given by a returned medical missionary, Dr. Behn. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F1_p283.jpg) Saturday, October 2, 1897 All day at Kushequa. It turned very cold in the evening. Zella still about In the interval between trains visited Mrs Hoskins of Mt Jewett. Elisha's oilwell came in an absolutely dry hole. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F1_p284.jpg) Sunday, October 3, 1897 Cold and clear. Virginia has taken a class in Sunday School: Catherine one in the Episcopal mission. They are going to con- -firm in the faith young Clark the insurance agent, Miss B. the reputed mistress of Northrop and Hall the illegitimate son of Miss Hall. Poor Catherine: if she only knew her associates ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F1_p285.jpg) Monday, October 4, 1897 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F1_p286.jpg) Tuesday, October 5, 1897 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F1_p287.jpg) Wednesday, October 6, 1897 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F1_p288.jpg) Thursday, October 7, 1897 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F1_p289.jpg) Friday, October 8, 1897 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F1_p290.jpg) Saturday, October 9, 1897 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F1_p291.jpg) Sunday, October 10, 1897 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F1_p292.jpg) Monday, October 11, 1897 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F1_p293.jpg) Tuesday, October 12, 1897 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F1_p294.jpg) Wednesday, October 13, 1897 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F1_p295.jpg) Thursday, October 14, 1897 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F1_p296.jpg) Friday, October 15, 1897 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F1_p297.jpg) Saturday, October 16, 1897 Evan was called out to Kushequa in the night. Zella had a very difficult labour, a rigid os, and then uterine inertia. She was delivered instrumentally in the afternoon of a ten pound girl baby, the finest child, Evan says that he ever saw. She is to be named after my darling Harry. Weather too warm, but lovely ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F1_p298.jpg) Sunday, October 17, 1897 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F1_p299.jpg) Monday, October 18, 1897 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F1_p300.jpg) Tuesday, October 19, 1897 Helen and Caroline Perry came Tom fighting fire in the Hawk's Nest Wood in the evening ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F1_p301.jpg) Wednesday, October 20, 1897 Evan sent for to see Zella Zella has puerperal septicemia ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F1_p302.jpg) Thursday, October 21, 1897 Oh I had such an unhappy night grieving for Elisha and Evan. I am going out to Kq. on the 10.10 train ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F1_p303.jpg) Friday, October 22, 1897 Dear Zella turned better and so I am back again with a thankful heart ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F1_p304.jpg) Saturday, October 23, 1897 Busy all the morning: went to Jessie Hogan's funeral in the afternoon, then ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F1_p305.jpg) Sunday, October 24, 1897 It is something to mark with a white stone that we had such a beautiful day as this, lovely from dawn to dark. I saw the sickle shaped moon rise a little before six, and then came a lovely sunrise, and the air was so sweet when we went to church. The words "I was not dis- -obedient to the Heavenly Vision" came in the Sunday School lesson, and I felt as if the day was a sort of Heavenly Vision of our future. In the afternoon Catherine, Helen and I took a walk that led us back past the old home woods, oh so sad and sweet. My husband and my daughter — my dear ones; oh when shall I see you! ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F1_p306.jpg) Monday, October 25, 1897 Weather has changed and a cold wind is blowing. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F1_p307.jpg) Tuesday, October 26, 1897 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F1_p308.jpg) Wednesday, October 27, 1897 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F1_p309.jpg) Thursday, October 28, 1897 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F1_p310.jpg) Friday, October 29, 1897 Helen and I were at all three sessions of the Convention; also we changed from the Genesee to Pullman Hotel - a wee wee place, but clean. and very cheap. Miss Willard's Annual speech electrified every one, for after giving a summary of her report she added that she had lain awake nearly all night and had decided to consecrate her renewed health her time and her house, worth $16000. to re- -lieving the Temple of debt. She said that she knew all the general officers would be against having more to do with the enterprise, and that this was the first time she had ever done anything without informing Anna Gordon (her young secretary). It was plain, that Anna was overwhelmed. This action of Miss Willard's will cause great excitement on Monday when Mrs Casse's report on the financial condition of the Temple comes up. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F1_p311.jpg) Saturday, October 30, 1897 I woke up to find a gray dawn with a sky that foretold snow — or at least it would at home so that decided me to give up the rest of the "National," and not keep the others because I wanted to hear the discussion of the "Temple" on Monday. When I told Helen she said that she had thought she would wait till Monday morning and then go back so as to travel with Carrie. Then I found that Evan was going on the 2 P. M. train too, and that Lila and he were going to price goods in the morning. I went with them to look at some things and then Helen and I went to the Convention and to a 1 P. M. Temple meeting. Evan and Lila went to that. There was much en- -thusiasm, but no money from those present. Promises (one for $500.) were read from outsiders. We left to catch our train at 2.50 and got home about 9.30 P M. having had a delightful time, short as it was. Tom had been sick and also Baby Bess. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F1_p312.jpg) Sunday, October 31, 1897 We reached home last night and today after Sun- -day School Evan brought my precious Sashy to meet me, and we brought him home from the hospital with us. Today I realize the treasures I have in my children and grandchildren, and ap- -preciate my lovely home. After the Day of Rest I suppose I shall begin to grumble, but I am thankful today. Poor pretty little Baby Bess is smaller and thinner than ever having actually lost an ounce! Dear little pet. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F1_p313.jpg) Monday, November 1, 1897 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F1_p314.jpg) Tuesday, November 2, 1897 This afternoon I called on Mrs Anderson (the dentist's wife) Mrs Halliwell, Mrs Bancroft (WCJU) Mrs Wilson & Florence Armstrong (S.S.) taking Sashy with me. The rest of the day devoted to Hospital accounts ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F1_p315.jpg) Wednesday, November 3, 1897 A lovely day. In the morning worked at home. In the afternoon wrote a paper about the hospi- -tal while Sashy slept He had some fever from bites (spider, Evan thinks) on his hand. When he woke he felt well so I walked with him to the hospital to show him off to Evan, (who wasn't there) then to a show at the Congre -gational Church, then to call at Mrs Wilson's and home. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F1_p316.jpg) Thursday, November 4, 1897 Such a lovely day. I have been out all this afternoon writing on the piazza, while Sashy played Later I walked to Fraley Street to meet Catherine (whom I missed) then to call on my scholars and their mothers Eirene Gregg and Florence Beck returning tired. In the evening we continued Roberts of Kanda har's Forty One years in India while I worked on Sashy's petticoats. I asked three W. C. J. Us to come to Mothers Meeting tomorrow. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F1_p317.jpg) Friday, November 5, 1897 Another lovely day, though colder. Catherine and Virginia are going to take "Ong" and drive out to Kushequa. I feel very anxious about their safety. Got off paper about the Hospital to Pedrick. Conducted a long Mother's Meeting at Mrs John W. Campbell's. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F1_p318.jpg) Saturday, November 6, 1897 Storm began in the night. We women have passed a busy day tidying and mending. Evan had to go to Kushequa, but fortunately not to Zella's baby which is all right now. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F1_p319.jpg) Sunday, November 7, 1897 The storm of rain ceased and there was beautiful moonlight but this morning is cloudy. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F1_p320.jpg) Monday, November 8, 1897 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F1_p321.jpg) Tuesday, November 9, 1897 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F1_p322.jpg) Wednesday, November 10, 1897 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F1_p323.jpg) Thursday, November 11, 1897 I don't remember what I did except going about town on errands. Fanny is too sick for me to drive her ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F1_p324.jpg) Friday, November 12, 1897 All day taken up in preparations for the Christian Endeavour Social which went off very well in the evening. In spite of the atrocious weather there were about thirty forty guests. It hailed and snowed and blew: We had the cake and cocoa served in the conservatory; the dining room, hall and library being thrown open for the guests. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F1_p325.jpg) Saturday, November 13, 1897 Another bad day. I have had my eyes paining, so I got Tom to pull my eyelashes, and to drop a weak solution of Arg. Nit. into the eyes. For some reason a furious inflammation followed which lasted all the morning but I went to the dressmaker and on other errands, Say down in the afternoon, and then worked all the later afternoon and evening in making Sashy a very fine pair of overall knickerbockers. The girls and Tom were at a concert, but Evan came home and talked to me over his hopes, plans and disap- -pointments. So I worked till half past ten. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F1_p326.jpg) Sunday, November 14, 1897 My eyes hurt all day, and so Catherine read me to sleep in the afternoon, but I was able to teach my class of thirteen. I lay a long time with Sashy in the evening. The storm came back before dinner and was a regular howler. It raged round this building and made one enjoy the sense of cradled security as one lay abed at night. Catherine walked to church in the evening or rather slid there for she said it was very slippery. Evan was busy all day at poor little May Martin's confinement now successfully over. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F1_p327.jpg) Monday, November 15, 1897 Dismal rainy day. I was seized with rheumatic pains in the leg when I got up, but am all right now, and I believe the eye-pain was rheumatic too. Tom is having the men tidy the garret and cellar. I have moved my sewing machine to the conservatory, so that I can work and have the children play there. It makes a beautiful sun-parlor. Wrote to Helen, and brought my "tithing book" up to date. Sewed on Sashy's third petticoat. Lila does not feel at all well. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F1_p328.jpg) Tuesday, November 16, 1897 Raining still and very warm. We had a pleasant home evening yesterday in the library as Evan tried the experiment of reading at one end of the long room while we worked and read aloud at the other. Baby Bess has just reached nine pounds poor wee pet. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F1_p329.jpg) Wednesday, November 17, 1897 Now I don't remember whether Zella and her baby arrived on the 17th or 18th. Evan found that the poor baby's digestion was sadly disordered, and that Zella was not regaining her strength, so we got them to come in and try what could be done here. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F1_p330.jpg) Thursday, November 18, 1897 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F1_p331.jpg) Friday, November 19, 1897 Drove Zella in the morning, and did some writing. In the afternoon held our W. C J U meeting to arrange for the social at our house on Dec. 8th. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F1_p332.jpg) Saturday, November 20, 1897 Such a beautiful day that I was out all the time after watering the plants and helping with the babies. Drove Zella to town twice on errands in the morning. In the afternoon sat on the north porch and sewed, while Catherine read "Mon oncle et mon curé," and Sashy ran about under our supervision. Later C. went out with Virginia and Tom and Sashy and I walked to town and back. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F1_p333.jpg) Sunday, November 21, 1897 A beautiful mild day; almost like In- -dian summer. I taught my class: only nine present. Sashy spent the morn- -ing at the hospital and is now out with Evan and Lila who have gone to Kanesholm to see a case. Elisha is out driving with his wife. Their baby can laugh and crow already. It is the image of Mrs. Hays. It is better I hope than when it came. Bess is better, too. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F1_p334.jpg) Monday, November 22, 1897 A moderately clear day, but the record of wet wash- -days is broken. Wrote to Mrs Richmond. Tom took me out after dinner to try a horse that McCluskey wants to sell: a very nice animal. I had taken Zella out in the morning. By the time Tom deposited me at the Y. M. C. A. where I was to give a few words on teaching the tem- -perance lesson the weather had changed and by the time I came out it began to snow. However Mrs Shaffer and I went to call on Mrs Mitchell, Miss Mason and Miss Mary Myers. Finished knitting on Sashy's new gray hood in the evening. Both babies better. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F1_p335.jpg) Tuesday, November 23, 1897 Rather a gloomy day though the snow ceased by ten. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F1_p336.jpg) Wednesday, November 24, 1897 A perfectly brilliant day, cold and brisk. Tom drove Zella to town and I walked with Catherine. Tom potted hyacinths. Wrote to Wilson to defer the baptism till afternoon tomorrow, paid La May, etc. by cheque; bought two pictures for Dr Hays' Xmas present. Both babies improving. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F1_p337.jpg) Thursday, November 25, 1897 Elizabeth Dennistoun and Harriet Griselda Kane were baptized by our Presbyterian minister Rev. A. B. Wilson this afternoon in the hall. Both babies behaved well. Poor Catherine is sick abed with bronchitis. Weather stormy. Tom, Virginia and I went to Thanksgiving service in the Episcopal room. Dr Topham to din- -ner, Dr Hays to tea ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F1_p338.jpg) Friday, November 26, 1897 Rainy soft mild weather. I was busy indoors, sewing and tidying and writing letters all day, sitting with Catherine as much as possible. Zella Tom Virginia Evan and Lila went to De Motte's lecture in the evening, the two latter having been to a confinement next door at "Ed's" immediately before. I spent the evening with Catherine. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F1_p339.jpg) Saturday, November 27, 1897 Gray, cold, but seasonable. Catherine got up to tea, but her head ached and her cough was no better for the exertion. In the morning Lila and I went to town taking Sashy with us. We made some Christ- -mas purchases at Bassett's, and then I went to the dressmaker's, and called on Dr. Topham, a teach- -er named Herman and Mrs Wilson. In the rest of the day I wrote to Lippincott, paid some bills, sat with Catherine and finished Sashy's red and green slippers; marked his underwear, and partly embroidered a little pincushion ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F1_p340.jpg) Sunday, November 28, 1897 This is an exquisite winter's day. Evan and Lila are just starting for Mount Jewett, where Evan has to perform an operation. We had five wholly unexpected guests to tea, Prof. De Motte brought by Tom, Dr Smith wife and two children brought by Evan. Evan had three operations today. Wrote to Helen — ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F1_p341.jpg) Monday, November 29, 1897 Snowing hard. Wrote to Mrs Hubbard, Sittell & Co, the Voice, and Home Science Co. Christmas subscriptions. Have just heard from Florence. Her mother died yesterday after- -noon. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F1_p342.jpg) Tuesday, November 30, 1897 This morning Evan operated on Zella for three things. Dr Hays is with her now, and Evan has taken my precious Sashy to to the dentist in Warren. It is snow- -ing hard. I made one dozen bibs for Ong this morning. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F1_p343.jpg) Wednesday, December 1, 1897 Wrote to Mrs Chambers Lecturer Hall. Thos A. Roberts and Miss Cody. Paid bills, drew cheques, entered accounts, wrote Helen Zella doing pretty well ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F1_p344.jpg) Thursday, December 2, 1897 Out for a little while in a sleigh but the snow too thin. Sashy had a headache all day. Did accounts for Hospital, wrote letters, sat with Zella, minded cross babies, sewed on the machine a little for Catherine and made pincushion covers for the hospital Went to bed fagged out. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F1_p345.jpg) Friday, December 3, 1897 Cloudy for snow. Sashy gone to the hospi- -tal for the morning. Zella much better. Her baby not. Worked at my desk while Dr Hays attended to Zella: did accounts and wrote to Mrs Ringwall. Meeting of the WCJU ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F1_p346.jpg) Saturday, December 4, 1897 Wind howled all night: raining and cold. Zella's baby worse and Evan very anxious. Oh dear! Evan brought Dr Hays over at dinnertime with word that she had appendicitis. He wanted her to be operated on here, and as she very plainly did too I consented with an ill grace. So here she is and we have been busy all the afternoon preparing the yellow room, taking up the carpet etc. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F1_p347.jpg) Sunday, December 5, 1897 Such a howling storm all night. Everyone is feeling wretchedly about the operation. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F1_p348.jpg) Monday, December 6, 1897 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F1_p349.jpg) Tuesday, December 7, 1897 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F1_p350.jpg) Wednesday, December 8, 1897 This is the day on which we were to have the long expected social — instead of which rain is pouring and the house full of sick folk. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F1_p351.jpg) Thursday, December 9, 1897 In the evening Tom took me to the Anti Saloon League Meeting: present only the ministers, a committee of over W C J U, and a few Prohis. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F1_p352.jpg) Friday, December 10, 1897 Finished Sashy's new green Russian dress. Was out errand driving in the morning and walking with Catherine — no, with Sashy in the afternoon. She went riding with Virginia, but it was a failure as the horse misbehaved, so they went driving. The mud was deep, but the air balmy. She is on dry food as she thinks she swallowed part of a needle. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F1_p353.jpg) Saturday, December 11, 1897 Evan took out the external stitches today but is almost sure that Dr H. has an abscess. I was up early to get Elisha off. The heavy rainfall of all night held up to let him get away, but he felt wretched with a heavy cold. I had a sad letter from poor Cousin Anne Fitzhugh about Alida. Except for an exercise walk to town and back I sewed all day. Made myself new sleeves to an old dress and began altering Sashy's dark plaid. Forty eight hours after she thinks she swallowed the needle point having elapsed, Catherine was allowed fluid food. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F1_p354.jpg) Sunday, December 12, 1897 A gray morning threatening snow. I have been awake since three o'clock, worrying over E. K[-]'s heavy cold with no one to see to his comfort: over Baby Harry's slow improvement; over the probability that Zella has a fissure; and the fact that Evan expects to open an abscess in Dr M. J. H. today He meant to do it before breakfast, but at six he was telegraphed for to go to Wilcox as J. L. Brown had a hemorrhage. Lila has taken Sashy to spend the morning with his Rupert grandparents. He drank a cup of cocoa but ate absolutely nothing at breakfast. J. L. B. was dead when Evan got there. He opened the abscess which was a small one: clean walled. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F1_p355.jpg) Monday, December 13, 1897 Lots of deaths today. J. L. Brown was buried, young Johnson the consumptive's body was taken to his old home for burial drunken young Harry McConnell fell dead after an apoplectic struggle in the street in front of his fathers house, and the [---] doctor is also reported dead. Tom was out surveying a line from our new gas well. I took Zella her first outing — a long errand drive – in the morning – and spent the most of the afternoon on some very pretty curtains I am making for V's Christmas present. In the evening worked on Sashy's purple plaid which I am letting down, and talked with Elisha. Got up by mistake at 5 A. M. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F1_p356.jpg) Tuesday, December 14, 1897 Howling wind with rain all night, and this morning. Dr Hays has had head- -ache since yesterday morning. Zella had a restless night. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F1_p357.jpg) Wednesday, December 15, 1897 Dr Hays' condition is very bad. They have to give her morphia as she flings herself about and groans incessantly. Her temperature ran up to 104 in the night yet there is no ap- -parent cause. Evan thinks it is neuralgia and Tom galloping consumption. I finished Virginia's curtains yes- -terday evening. Today I made a strip of buttonholes for Sashy's coat and began Sashy's crimson dress: wrote letters and walked to town for the purpose of buying Christmas presents. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F1_p358.jpg) Thursday, December 16, 1897 Another miserable day for Dr. Hays, but unless it is neuralgia perhaps combined with neuritis, we are told that there are no physical signs intimating any disease. I worked on Sashy's red frock and on the buttonhole strips for his and Ong's coats. I scarcely know how the whole day fled, for though I took a little walk I spent it nearly all in sewing yet have nothing to show for it It was a gray day. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F1_p359.jpg) Friday, December 17, 1897 Elisha and Tom had an interview with the Committee of Councils about the Park: barren of results. It was a terrible day raining and blowing furiously. Anna Cook started in a pause of the gale to take the children out but had to bring them in, and fell herself, on the porch, striking her weak back, and fainting. So she had to go to bed and we minded the children all day, Catherine having V's ones most of the afternoon. V. had gone out imagining that Bertha would mind them. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F1_p360.jpg) Saturday, December 18, 1897 Zella returned at night, tired but in good spirits. The day has been gray and cold. I walked to town and back with Sashy and worked on his dress. For the rest of the day I found my time taken up with minding him as he was very fractious. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F1_p361.jpg) Sunday, December 19, 1897 A gray day with occasional flakes of snow. Paid off Miss Veith, as her fortnight is up. Evan has gone to Mt Jewett to see Elliott ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F1_p362.jpg) Monday, December 20, 1897 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F1_p363.jpg) Tuesday, December 21, 1897 Gray weather following a rainy night. The streets were frightfully slippery, but I walked to Mrs McCoy's about a lecturer's letter and to Swanson's store. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F1_p364.jpg) WEDNESDAY, DECEMBER 22, 1897 A gray day with a little snow in the morning and a little sunshine in the afternoon. Out early Christmas shopping. Kebler's house was burning. I sat with Dr Hays most of the afternoon, Sashy being away with his father and Lila. Have begun alter- -ing his green coat and a large apron that Zella gave him last year, and making toilet sets for the hospital. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F1_p365.jpg) Thursday, December 23, 1897 Another freezingly cold day. Busy with Christmas things all the time. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F1_p366.jpg) Friday, December 24, 1897 Ugh, so cold: thermometer ten below zero. Sashy and I walked to town in spite of the bitter wind, but he whimpered all the way. Except for that walk I was busy all day with Christmas prep- arations, chiefly intent on finishing lawn aprons for Agnes and Jessie Crawford which I embroid- -ered elaborately in pink and blue feather- -stitch, with a sprig of flowers on the pockets of one, and a pair of butterflies on the other. Tom and Virginia were the only ones at our church festival, Lila being too tired to go. I arranged the gifts after Sashy went to bed, and after Tom and his wife reached home we had the tree dressed. But there was a painful interlude in their absence, poor Baby Bess hav- -ing suddenly bloated and but for Evan's emptying the stomach with a catheter, and giving an enema of turpentine in emulsion with a dose of milk of asafoetida I think she would have died. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F1_p367.jpg) Saturday, December 25, 1897 A brilliant Christmas morning and a merry breakfast table. Everything went off well all the morning: the gifts were beautiful and the children wildly happy. After our dinner I let Miss Weeks go home for hers and took charge of Dr Hays myself from half past one till a quarter past five, by which time I had a bad neuralgic headache. As soon as Miss W. got home I put on my things and walked with Tom to Biddle St and back before our early tea. The sleigh was got out and Tom Zella and Cath Virginia had a ride before Zella and Elisha took the train for Kq. Catherine's Sunday School had a wee celebra- -tion in the afternoon and Elisha walked over with her and amused the children a while, which greatly pleased her. While we sat at supper the fire alarm sounded — it was our Kane- Kemp block. It was extinguished, but a good deal of damage was done. That finished me up and as soon as I got Sashy to bed I retired there myself. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F1_p368.jpg) Sunday, December 26, 1897 A dull gray morning: looks as if it would rain. I noticed a bright flush on the horizon about half past five A. M. hope it did not mean a bad fire – especially not at Kq. Evan was roused at three as Dr. Hays had a long chill followed by a temper -ature of 102. — slight bloody expectoration — no cough however. Evan thinks it possible that there is rapid formation of tubercle. He will make a vaginal ex- -amination this afternoon for a possible abscess in the intestines, but she complains of no pain there. In- -deed, what she does suffer from is intercostal neuralgia, and that, Evan says, often accom- -panies tuberculosis. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F1_p369.jpg) Monday, December 27, 1897 Virginia felt that Baby Bess was not quite well enough for her to leave, but Zella came in at dinner time with Elisha and they took the baby and nurse away. Dr Hays is very feeble and Evan had Miss Casey come over in the evening to massage her. Dr H. has consolidation of the lower half of the right lung. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F1_p370.jpg) TUESDAY, DECEMBER 28, 1897 Tom escorted Virginia and Ang as far as Erie and put them on the cars for Bay City. Dr H. seems to feel better. Catherine Lila Sashy and I went on an errand sleigh ride in the morning. Hung pictures and took care of Dr H in the afternoon: wrote to Helen: read a trashy novel. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F1_p371.jpg) Wednesday, December 29, 1897 Snowing fairly well. I was busy all the morning making up accounts. I find that we have built and refurnished chiefly patching and mending old things this house, graded the grounds etc. for only $300. more than the insurance came to. This does not include the land and houses we had to buy. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F1_p372.jpg) Thursday, December 30, 1897 Rather a mild day. Sashy was out a great deal. I was only out for a little while Catherine drove with Tom as far as Sheffield, the longest sleigh ride she ever had. Zella was in for a few hours. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F1_p373.jpg) Friday, December 31, 1897 Snowing hard. Tom is to take his violin lesson in Warren, but on his way expects to stop at Shef- -field for the mare Kitty and drive her to a stock farm at Warren. Catherine goes with him for the fun of the sleigh-ride. Lila also goes to take her lesson. I am to go to a W. C. J. U. meeting in the afternoon. Now I am going to sew in the conservatory, where the Chinese lilies are in blossom and where Tom is practising. Catherine is at her stenography. Dr Hays is feeling much better. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F1_p374.jpg) MEMORANDA ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F1_p375.jpg) MEMORANDA ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F1_p376.jpg) MEMORANDA ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F1_p377.jpg) Cash Account. January. Date. Received. Paid. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F1_p378.jpg) Cash Account. February. Date. Received. Paid. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F1_p379.jpg) Cash Account. March. Date. Received. Paid. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F1_p380.jpg) Cash Account. April. Date. Received. Paid. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F1_p381.jpg) Cash Account. May. Date. Received. Paid. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F1_p382.jpg) Cash Account. June. Date. Received. Paid. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F1_p383.jpg) Cash Account. July. Date. Received. Paid. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F1_p384.jpg) Cash Account. August. Date. Received. Paid. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F1_p385.jpg) Cash Account. September. Date. Received. Paid. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F1_p386.jpg) Cash Account. October. Date. Received. Paid. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F1_p387.jpg) Cash Account. November. Date. Received. Paid. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F1_p388.jpg) Cash Account. December. Date. Received. Paid. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F1_p389.jpg) Bills Payable. January. Date. Name. Dolls. Cts. Receivable. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F1_p390.jpg) Bills Payable. February. Date. Name. Dolls. Cts. Receivable. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F1_p391.jpg) Bills Payable. March. Date. Name. Dolls. Cts. Receivable. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F1_p392.jpg) Bills Payable. April. Date. Name. Dolls. Cts. Receivable. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F1_p393.jpg) Bills Payable. May. Date. Name. Dolls. Cts. Receivable. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F1_p394.jpg) Bills Payable. June. Date. Name. Dolls. Cts. Receivable. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F1_p395.jpg) Bills Payable. July. Date. Name. Dolls. Cts. Receivable. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F1_p396.jpg) Bills Payable. August. Date. Name. Dolls. Cts. Receivable. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F1_p397.jpg) Bills Payable. September. Date. Name. Dolls. Cts. Receivable. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F1_p398.jpg) Bills Payable. October. Date. Name. Dolls. Cts. Receivable. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F1_p399.jpg) Bills Payable. November. Date. Name. Dolls. Cts. Receivable. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F1_p400.jpg) Bills Payable. December. Date. Name. Dolls. Cts. Receivable. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F3a_p001.jpg) SEPTEMBER 23. 1898. W. C. T. U. A talk given at the Elk County Convention of the Woman's Christian Temperance Union, Sept. 9, 1898, by Mrs. E. D. Kane. Sisters: In common with all County Presi- dents, or those who represent them.I have received a circular from our State President. calling attention to the action taken by the National Executive Committee on July 15th. By this action they passed resolu- tions advising all Unions to cease their efforts to raise money enough to own, or to pay for, the Temple. And secondly: these resolutions say that while not legally bound,they re gard it as a sacred trust to purchase beforethe next convention the Temple Trust bonds, so far as available funds make possible. This is with a view to paying off such bond holders as are in needy circumstances. Mrs. Carse, as President of the Temple Trustees, entirely differs from the National Executive, and urges on every Union the most strenuous exertions to continue raising money in the hope of being able to pay off the whole of the Tem- ple Trust bonds by November, and ultimately to own the Temple. What position shall the Unions take: divided by their respect for the enthusiastic and long continued work of Mrs. Carse on the one hand, and, on the other, the solemly urged counsel of the National Executive, backed by the letter of advice of our own State President? Probably you feel as I have done, inclined to say, "Oh we can't understand all these perplexing business matters; we don't want our great National Woman's Christian Temperence Union to get into quarrels; we don't want to take sides for we honor and respect Mrs. Carse and the National Executive too. We do think we ought to own the Temple after all our exertions,and that's all we know about it." Unfortunately we must be pre- pared, in each local and county Union, to have our delegates vote intelligently on the resolutions that shall be offered in the State Conven- tion, for, at the National Convention our State delegates must represent once and for all, the feeling of every little local Union. I have tried faithfully to under- stand this matter of the Temple fi- nances. First, I worried at it my- self. Then, I went to Chautauqua and there we had a Question Box with Mrs. Catherine Lente Steven- son, one of the National officers as you know, in the chair. Now's my chance I thought, and I wrote out two of the most puzzling questions I had. Just as Mrs. Stevenson was beginning to reply a lady fainted in the audience, and her swoon proved to be something very serious, so the meeting was broken up. And then Mrs. Stevenson called a special meet- ing to discuss the Temple, and to enable questions to be asked and answered. I gained a good deal of light, and just at that time Mrs. Decker asked me to come to your Convention and read you a paper, choosing my own subject. What better could I do, I thought, than do as I had been done by; give you a talk about the Temple, and let you ask me questions from time to time, if I do not make things clear. Do not mind interrupting me; it will keep others from falling asleep. You all know that the Temple en- terprise was ccnceived in the brain of Matilda Carse in 1887. Mrs. Carse was one of the early founders of the Woman's Christian Temperance Union and was one of the first to take Frances Willard by the hand when she entered on her glorious path. Naturally Frances Willard loved and honored her. But when the Temple scheme was imparted to her, that strong commen sense which she possessed, made her hesitate. In her presidential address of that year she speaks of the scheme and says, "Mrs. Matilda B. Carse will tell you her plans and show you a picture of the wonderful Temple which she has seen in visions on the mount of faith and prayer. She promises not to build until she has $500,000 in the bank; so we are safe from anything chimerical. She does not ask us to assume legal responsibility, so we cannot complain." If this wise determination had only been adhered to, there would have been no reason to complain. To us accustomed to make the money for our Unions' work by dime socials and ten cent patches for autograph quilts, five hundred thousand dol- lars is a startling sum. But the Tem- ple cost twice five hundred thousand dollars, and the Temple Trust Bonds about which we are talking, have nothing to do with the cost of the building. Now. do you understand that? I will repeat it. The Temple Trust Bonds have nothing to do with the cost of the building. No, there are Building Bonds besides, $600,000 worth of them, and there was an is- sue of $300,000 of stock, and the money from the sale of these partly paid for the building. and then there was a floating debt of a little trifle $65,- 000 or so, which has been reduced to about $20,000. You will say, For what purpose then was the Temple Trust created and why were the Temple Trust Bonds issued? May I begin with what is only A B C to men of business, but is rath- er puzzling to us women who have nothing to do with stock jobbing or speculation? When an enterprise is begun which is to cost more than one individual can afford. several join together and form a company in which all who desire to invest their money in the enterprise may do so by taking shares of stock. The company gets a char- ter from the State Legislature which permits it to issue stock to a fixed amount representing its capital. When a corporation issues stocks and bonds, the holders of stock own the property subject to the mortgage on it represented by the bonds. The bondholders must have their inter- est paid regularly, or else they can sell out the property. So the first of the annual earnings of the corpora- tion go to pay off that interest. Af- ter that whatever sum remains from the net earnings may be divided among the stockholders, and this money is not interest, but is a divi- dend. Its amount may vary accord- ing to the amount earned, because it represents the annual net profits di- vided among the owners. It is usually a larger proportion of money to the par value of the stock than the bondholders interest on his bond, because of its uncertainty. As I understand it the Temple Company could issue stock to the value of six hundred thousand dol- lars, and if any one person or group of persons, owned all the stock, they would also own the Temple, subject to the payment of its debts. The trustees of the Gift Fund had in- vested a part of that fund in the pur- chase of $61,000 worth of stock for the Woman's Christian Temperance Union but that was all we owned. Now, several years ago Mrs. Carse thought it would be a wise specula- tion to purchase enough more stock to enable the W. C. T. U. to hold a little over halt of the whole amount of stock, that is, a little over $300,000, so as to be able to control the man- agement of affairs. Well, that was a nice little investment if one had enough money to buy the stock with; but that was just what Mrs. Carse had not. (Continued next week). Headache for Forty Years. For forty years I suffered sick headache. About a yea [page torn] began using Celery Kin [torn] sult was gratifying a [torn] my headaches leavi [torn] headaches used [torn] seventh day, [torn] King I have [torn] eleven mo [torn] cured m [torn] John D [torn] Y. C [torn] Stom [torn] in 5 [torn] Dru [torn] Sh [torn] ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F3a_p003.jpg) September 30, 1898. W. C. T. U. (Continued from last week.) Now, when one wants to build and hasn't enough money to pay for it, he borrows it, giving a mortgage on the house. Mrs. Carse could not get money in this way, for the Temple was already mortgaged for $300,000 to the holders of the Building Bonds. So she made an arrangement by which she bought $250,000 worth of stock, to which she added all but $15,3000 of the stock the W. C. T. U. owned,and deposited it with a Trust Company as collateral security for the payment of $300,000 worth of a new set of Bonds, called the Temple Trust Bonds. The two transactions, I suppose, took place at the same time, for she used the money that she sold the bonds for to buy the stock with. It was at this point that a rupture took place between Mrs. Carse aud some of the other members of the W. C. T. U. who were on the Board with her. They disapproved of the transaction, and of her methods of conducting the business,and resigned from the Board of Trustees. If I have correctly understood,Mrs.Carse gave her own personal notes for the money as well as depositing the stock as collateral security for the payment of the Bonds. The Bonds are signed by her alone. Hard times came. The Temple was finished and money came in as rents from the offices in the building and from the rent of Willard Hall. This rent is paid by the Chicago Central W. C. T. U. But the rents had first to pay every year $40,000 ground rent, and every year the in- terest to the holders of the Building Bonds, $36,000. If these are not paid, Mr. Field who owns the ground, can sell out the building. and so can the owners of the Building Ronds. And there- fore these annual charges must be paid first. Next came the reduction of the floating debt of $65,000 and then the care of the building and the Expense Account. If the income from the rents left anything over there would be a dividend to the stockholders, and in spite of the hard times I think the income from the Temple would have paid its annual expenses and a small dividend to the holders of $300,000 worth of stock, if there had been no more issued. But with the issuing of $300,000 worth of Temple Trust Bonds came the necessity of paying annual interest upon them too, and this the funds in Mrs. Carse's hands could not do. In the effort to do so, she paid out sixty-four thousand and odd dollars from the Temple Gift Fund, and nearly seventeen thousand from the principal sum that she got from the sale of the Bonds themselves—and she has de- faulted in payments. And out of all the money received from the Gift Fund: the money that the W. C. T. U. women raised with so much labor and self denial over ($200,000) and there remains in the hands of the Temple Trustees but a pitiful $27,000 in money. The only solid results are a room on the roof that cost $1,500 and the fitting up of Willard Hall which cost over $12,000. And where did the $303,000 go that came from the sale of the bonds? Well, partly to buy the stock that will be swallowed up when we do not pay off—"retire" is the word used—the Temple Trust Bonds; and the remainder like the rest of the Gift Fund went to pay interest on these unnecessary bonds,and this un- necessary stock, and in the expenses of traveling and begging and manag- ing the White Elephant. Mrs. Carse hoped to pay off these bonds by July 1st, or else by Novem- ber, and it is to do this that all the Unions have been working, filling wheels and so forth. But the prospects were so discour- aging as to our ever owning the Temple, that it was found necessary to call a halt. You know that at the last National Convention a report was made by Mrs. L. M. N. Stevens and Miss Preston, the Committee ap- pointed to investigate the financial affairs of the Temple. of a discour- aging nature. You know how unexpectedly Frances Willard threw herself into the breach; how she did not hope any longer to pay off the whole Tem- ple debt, but thought there was a possibility of paying off the Temple Trust Bonds; these last unfortunate $300,000. She was willing to pledge towards the effort all she owned in the world, and to devote her fifty- ninth year to the work. Her Master had other work for her in nobler spheres; it was not meet that she should "serve tables" so He called her away. The work has languished, and when July 1st came, the date which Mr. Marshall Field had assigned as the time for closing his subscription of $50,000, some of the National Offi- cers called on him,I should say that this subscription was a conditional one, conditional on the paying off of the Temple Trust Bonds. One woman had reckoned securely on this $50,000 of his as a cash con tribution towards the fund Mrs.Carse was trying to raise, and of course one-sixth of the whole sum was a most important item. To the consternation of the Com- mittee they learned from himself that he meant to give stock,not cash, and not to give it till the $300,000 was raised. Then the General Officers issued a call for a meeting of the National Executive, and on the July 1tth passed the resolutions which have halted all efforts. Mrs. Carse still counts Mr. Field's $50,000 in her list of contributions. It is a question of fact between her and him, for she is positive in her assertions that he meant to give her cash and that she will get it. But outside of this $50,000 there yet remains, providing all condi- tional pledges are met, a deficiency of $157,500 to provide before Novem- ber, and nothing is said of that aw- ful, ever filling up expense account! Our National Officers wish to ob- tain the consent of the donors to the funds in Miss Dow's hands,some $20,- 000 to the buying up of the bonds held by needy bond holders. They have a list of twelve already. They also urge owners of bonds to exchange them for stock. Then what will happen? Well,the remaining Temple Trust Bondhold- ers will foreclose and the stock held as collateral will be seized. The bondholders will not be absolute losers of what they put in; they will have the stock, and the stock has a value, about 25 cents on the dollar. I think that the Woman's Christian Temperance Union will have lost nearly all it put into the enterprise, and that was over $200,000. It will have a trifling number of shares of stock. But it has not lost the Temple for it never owned it; and it has received a wonderful lesson against unneces- sarily running into debt. Of all women in the world the W. C. T. U., ought to set their faces against speculation, against debt. Let us bid farewell to the dream of owning the Temple, and thank God who gives us this severe lesson and so leads us out of temptation and de- livers us from evil. A Young Girl's Experie [torn] My daughter's [torn] bly out ord [torn] weak; th [torn] and she [torn] for s [torn] Cele [torn] so [torn] take [torn] rapi [torn] com [torn] wel [torn] Nu [torn] Ki [torn] an [torn] pa [torn] W [torn] ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F3_p001.jpg) ELIZ. D. KANE 1898 STANDARD DIARY 1898 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F3_p003.jpg) In Memoriam. WHILE WE MAY. [A request having been made by several persons that the LEADER should reprint the verses read by Mrs. E. D. Kane at the memorial service for Frances E. Willard, they are accordingly inserted below. The poem was repeated by Miss Willard at Toronto in her last annual address as president of the World's W. C. T. U.] The hands are such dear hands; They are so full; they turn at our demands So often; they reach out With trifles scarcely thought about So many times; they do So many things for me, for you– If their fond wills mistake, We may well bend, not break. They are such fond frail lips That speak to us. Pray, if love strips Them of discretion many times, Or if they speak too slow or quick, such crimes We may pass by; for we may see Days not far off when those small words may be Held not as slow, or quick, or out of place, but dear Because the lips that spoke are no more here. They are such dear familiar feet that go Along the path with ours–feet fast or slow, And trying to keep pace-if they mistake Or tread upon some flower that we would take Upon our breast, or bruise some reed, Or crush poor Hope until it bleed, We may be mute, Not turning quickly to impute Grave fault; for they and we Have such a little way to go--can be Together such a little while along the way, We will be patient while we may. So many little faults we find. We see them; for not blind Is Love. We see them; but if you and I Perhaps remembers them some by and by, They will not be Faults then–grave faults–to you and me, But just odd ways–mistakes or even less– Remembrances to bless. Days change so many things–yes, hours, We see so differently in suns and showers. Mistaken words tonight May be so cherished by tomorrow's light. We will be patient, for we know There's such a little way to go. Get your children ready [---] ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F3_p005.jpg) THE STANDARD DIARY [Zodiac surrounding]1898 PUBLISHED ANNUALLY FOR THE TRADE. 1898. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F3_p009.jpg) Saturday, January 1, 1898 Thermometer 12o above zero, and promise that the clouds will soon break away. The present house- -hold consists of Evan, Lila, Tom, Catherine, myself, Sashy, Baby Bess, Dr Hays and her nurse, Miss Weeks. Virginia and Ong are away visiting her mother at Bay City. We are all well. (Michigan) ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F3_p010.jpg) Sunday, January 2, 1898 A gloomy morning ending in fierce snowstorm, Baby Bess had one of her terrible colics. I was at church and Sunday School and found the walk as much as I wanted. Began "Glimpses of Fifty Years." In the afternoon read aloud an article about the Mysterious Maya City of Co-pan in western Honduras. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F3_p011.jpg) Weir Mitchells book. X HUGH WYNNE Quaker Monday, January 3, 1898 Flakes of snow and a gray day. Evan and I were up for an hour or so in the night with Miss Weeks who was suffering from cramps. I was in my room all morning paying bills, sewing, writing and teaching Sashy. Reading Weir Mitchell's Hugh X Wynne. Evan left in the evening for Philadelphia to try whether he can manage to take a twelve weeks course at the Polyclinic, taking three days a week there in Phila Dr Hays much better. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F3_p012.jpg) Tuesday, January 4, 1898 A brilliant morning of which I spent a part docketing last year's bills. Out in the sleigh: also went to prayer meeting with Tom. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F3_p013.jpg) Evan's MEXICAN PICTURES X Wednesday, January 5, 1898 A brilliant day. I was out all the afternoon going first to Mrs Kingsley's funeral, there to call on Mrs McCluskeys sister and then out on errands. Left some of Evan's Mexican X pictures to be framed in white and gold, and that of old John or Jim Jacobs the Indian seated in the doorway of his hut to be framed in dull green. Tom and Lila went to prayer meeting. Elisha and Tom and Davis were busy with the McCoy Glass Works about X the new contract for gas. Received the proposition of the Borough Special Committee for a compromise I. I. This was on the everlasting claims for Parks supposedly set up by Old McKean & Elk Land & Improvement Co. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F3_p014.jpg) Thursday, January 6, 1898 Rain has set in. We were out erranding in the sleigh when it began. I woke a little after 3 A M to worry about Elisha's "banquet" and the "compromise". The Committee propose a ridicu- -lous sacrifice - 25 acres for Smithport Road: ie of the home place go on the west side 25 on the north $2500 in cash and all the water the Borrough needs for fire and strict purposes ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F3_p015.jpg) Friday, January 7, 1898 Busy at home all the morning: among other things pasted cheques in three banks. Took Dr Hays a drive in the afternoon and had a busy meeting of the WCTU. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F3_p016.jpg) Saturday, January 8, 1898 Dr Hays left for Kushequa this afternoon, looking like a ghost, but in pretty good spirits. It is five weeks today since the operation. I paid her nurses for her, Miss Weeks $50. Miss Veith $40, travelling expenses $21. and office fee 1.50, in all $112.50 The house seems wonderfully quiet as we had Zella and her poor screaming baby since the 17th of November, and poor Baby Bess was also in full yell. Dear noisy Ong is away too, and all my precious Sashy's crying doesn't fill up the silence. This evening I heard that Mrs Wright is not coming. x HARRIET GRIZELDA K. NOW MRS. HOWARD N. BUTLER xx DR. ELIZ. D. KANE MCCOMB. 3. Thomas Leiper or Lee xxx SASHY WAS EVAN ON KANE'S ELDEST ELISHA KENT KANE. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F3_p017.jpg) Sunday, January 9, 1898 Brilliant morning. This week, on Thursday, the Prohis. hold a county conference, and there is to be a "banquet" with speeches, about four o'clock, at which the Ys. are to wait, and poor Lila is rather overwhelm -ed. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F3_p018.jpg) Monday, January 10, 1898 Fog. Lila and I took Sashy and drove about on errands for two hours in the morning. We are try- -ing to prepare for Elisha's Thursday affair. Tom sold 21 tickets in the afternoon. In the evening he and Catherine went first to prayer-meeting and then to see Fra Diavolo. Valentine has pneumonia. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F3_p019.jpg) Tuesday, January 11, 1898 Breakfasted at a quarter to six with Tom, Evan having already started to dress Valentine's leg. Both brothers are going to Sunbury where Evan is to read a paper before the West Branch Medical Society. Lila expects to go to Warren for her music-lesson and we are expecting Virginia home on the late train. Fog again. I am writing, however, at 7 A. M. I worked, wrote and sewed till dinner- -time: then went out on errands with Catherine: teased her because she found my sole company very soporific. Lila came home to tea, well but tired. Virginia did not return. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F3_p020.jpg) Wednesday, January 12, 1898 Wrote to Helen, counted spoons and tied silk knots on 73 so as to lend them to the Banquet tomorrow. Catherine read to me while I did it. Walked to town in the afternoon. Bad weather Virginia got home in the evening. Catherine went to meet her, as Tom and Elisha were at a Borough Council meeting. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F3_p021.jpg) Thursday, January 13, 1898 Busy from morning to night with Elisha's prohi. conference. The day was stormy and few came in on his special train but there were a good many Kane people, and fifty sat down to his banquet. Lila exhausted herself in her work as president of the Ys, who were the hostesses, but her part of the day was a grand success. Virginia came over in the afternoon and walked home with me at 7 P. M. as we had to get the children to bed, so we did not hear the evening affair which was quite a fine one: a good audience and good speakers. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F3_p022.jpg) Friday, January 14, 1898 The great day is over but there was an early waking for me to get Elisha off to Warren on the 7 A M train as there is more convention for him. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F3_p023.jpg) Bad day. X ELISHA'S PROHIB PARTY CANDIDACY DEPRESSES MOTHER. SATURDAY, JANUARY 15, 1898 Wrote a long letter to Mrs. Gregory who had sent me a little card with Charles Carroll Gregory Dec. 30, 1897 on it. How fond I was of Miss Throckmorton. I wonder whether she would have made a good wife to Elisha, as I once used to dread they might take a fancy to each other. She was too old for him. The weather is bad, raining in sheets so I did not go out. Catherine read ever so much of Tennyson's Life to me, but I'm getting tired of it. I was very blue, having x tried to impress Elisha in vain with my strong objections to his offering himself as a candi- -date for Assembly on the Prohi. ticket. woke at three and rose before six to be sure to see him, but he was in a hurry, and absorbed in a horrid letter from Neil MacEwan about the Park suit, which helped in my blue- ness. Then I'm worried about Baby Harry ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F3_p024.jpg) X Harriet G. Elisha K K's eldest SUNDAY, JANUARY 16, 1898 Feathery snow with gleams of sunshine. Only about a half inch on the ground. Thirteen in my class two new ones replacing two drafted off as teachers. One girl, Lily Martin, intends to join the church. So much scarlet fever about that Evan did not let Sashy go to the hos[-] tal as usual. Valentine is wildly crazy but his leg has healed over. His pneumonia is exhausting him. Evan is much worried about Baby Harry. He remarked that he didn't smell codliver oil about her. Virginia tells me that they left the bottle behind when they left. They do not attend to Evan's orders ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F3_p025.jpg) MONDAY, JANUARY 17, 1898 5 A. M. As usual I woke before four and am now writing in bed. I don't think this wakefulness to be unnatural as I sleep soundly all the first part of the night. Ong coughs badly: his mother thinks it is whooping cough but I have not heard him whoop yet, poor wee man. I have not written diary since Tuesday, so I will try back and see what I can recollect of the week ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F3_p026.jpg) TUESDAY, JANUARY 18, 1898 I went to Bradford on the 10.15 train to attend our County Executive meeting and returned on the train reaching here at 6.45. The day was exqiusite and I treated Mrs Louise Parsons to her trip and a dinner at the Riddell. I got loaded up with work to be done. Received on the train a letter from our State president asking me whether in the event of their creating a depart- -ment of non-alcoholic medication I would accept a nomination for State superintendent ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F3_p027.jpg) WEDNESDAY, JANUARY 19, 1898 Catherine copied three and I wrote seven letters to paston about the petitions which I also folded and addressed, made up two packages for Smithport and Brad- -ford, wrote to Mrs Hirsch and Mrs Hoskins, interviewed the Leader about Morrow's coming and about our Social, and paid their printing bill, and also asked the Republican to notice our Social. Got all this done by 12.20. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F3_p028.jpg) THURSDAY, JANUARY 20, 1898 Woke to find an easterly storm. Directed 50 postal cards to people inviting them to the social. Walked to town in the afternoon. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F3_p029.jpg) FRIDAY, JANUARY 21, 1898 Stormy day with a sprinkling of snow this morning. It is time for our W.C.T.U. social and of course there will be contretemps. But we shall be through with it tomorrow: that's one good thing. Both boys seem to have whoop- -ing cough. Our social was very successful. 115 guests came and we raised $16. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F3_p030.jpg) SATURDAY, JANUARY 22, 1898 Very tired after the social, but got everything in order and a guest room ready for Morrow who comes on Monday. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F3_p031.jpg) Justice Brewer SUNDAY, JANUARY 23, 1898 A yelling hurricane all night, continuing today, not so much actual snowfall as terrible drifts. I nearly turned back but persevered in going to church for the sake of my SS class. After all I had had taken so much pains with the lesson on the Beatitudes I could not keep the girls' attention. I think the storm distracted them and besides some of my best girls were taken off to classes. I ought to be glad - now there are as regular teachers Dora Cook, Florence Armstrong, Jessie Bedell and the elder Leonharts Josie Johnson and Mary Myers were called off today. Just before we went into church Tom told me that last night in the midst of the storm Evan had gone out to Kq. to see Elisha, who had received a black eye from a certain Percy Brown. Elisha was giving testimony before Justice Brewer which proved Brown to be a liar. Brown called Elisha one and as I under- -stand Elisha struck him in the mouth. E. is a mere child in strength compared to this fellow, who knocked him down and gave him a black eye. McClellan dragged him off. Brewer would have been glad to see E. beaten to death. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F3_p032.jpg) MONDAY, JANUARY 24, 1898 A temperance lecturer here all day. I had to introduce him to the audience in the evening and read "Is not this the fast that I have chosen?" His lecture or sermon rather was on this text. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F3_p033.jpg) TUESDAY, JANUARY 25, 1898 Lila and Evan left on the evening train for Phila I got off petitions with letters to all the ministers ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F3_p034.jpg) WEDNESDAY, JANUARY 26, 1898 Wrote to Helen, stormy day. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F3_p035.jpg) THURSDAY, JANUARY 27, 1898 Gen Kane's Birthday--not noted Catherine had her church "warm" chicken and waffle supper. She was gone from four till ten and came back disgusted with it as a failure as they had not enough provisions and had to return their money to some. However, they made $35. Tom and Virginia went to West-Line and did not get back till 8 P. M. so I had the house to myself the babies and a "tale". The Lasses of Severhouse: stupid. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F3_p036.jpg) FRIDAY, JANUARY 28, 1898 After the storm which has made good sleighing I determined to visit the school on Four Brothers Road and to take Catherine, before the drifts should be too deep. Took Ed. to drive in and well it was, for after a while we found the road abandoned and the track turning into the fields. As I had caught a glimpse of the school which looked shuttered up I concluded to face about. Ed. had some difficulty in turning without upsetting us. As I had him for the morning I decided to go on and visit Kanesholm School which we did. In the afternoon I walked over to a missionary meeting held at Mrs Morgan ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F3_p037.jpg) SATURDAY, JANUARY 29, 1898 Wrote most of the morning: to Prof. Kingsbury of- -fering two rooms for guests of the Teachers' Asso- -ciation: to Mrs Hunt for S.T.I. literature, to Bunce, Jones, Alfson and Halliwell suggesting a citizens' mas[-] meeting for Cuba. In the after- -noon sewed on the machine part of my new curtains, drove with Tom to the lecture before the communion, and after it was over stood for two hours giving ether to Andrew Dall. At intervals read a stupid novel about an idiotic girl, called The Sensitive Plant. Lots of snow, cold wind. Catherine walked to Sergeant. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F3_p038.jpg) SUNDAY, JANUARY 30, 1898 Very cold and brilliantly clear. Lila is too sick to be about, yet the hospital absolutely needs some one to look after it. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F3_p039.jpg) MONDAY, JANUARY 31, 1898 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F3_p040.jpg) TUESDAY, FEBRUARY 1, 1898 Finished and hung the curtain in my room pasted cheques and did accounts. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F3_p041.jpg) WEDNESDAY, FEBRUARY 2, 1898 Tom wishes me to note that the ground hog saw his shadow. I may state that the weather was such all day that believers in the ground-hog may con- fidently assert that either side is correct. For while there were times when one could see his shadow the sky was overcast with snow clouds almost all day. It was so cold that I stayed indoors sewing and writing. The Co. Med. Society met here. Wrote to Nell among others ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F3_p042.jpg) THURSDAY, FEBRUARY 3, 1898 Ther. 12 minus, and at the hospital it registers four degrees less. This is the day for the Teachers Association and I have offered to take two. Exquisitely clear weather. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F3_p043.jpg) FRIDAY, FEBRUARY 4, 1898 Exquisite weather, clear and cold. Catherine and I sorted 31 sets of 5 each leaflets for distribution to the teachers: then drove over there. I attended both morning and afternoon session By some mistake instead of the more distinguished guests intended to be allotted more two humble little girls from Toby Springs were billeted on me. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F3_p044.jpg) SATURDAY, FEBRUARY 5, 1898 The exquisite full moon shining on the snow when I went to bed last night was followed by a sharp shower of sleet. Then there was a ruddy dawn fol- -lowell again by snow. I spent part of the morning at the Teachers' Association, part in settling hospital accounts with which I have been busied part of the afternoon, too. My chairs came back from La May's, nicely covered. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F3_p045.jpg) SUNDAY, FEBRUARY 6, 1898 Exquisite winter morning. I heard many good say- -ings at the Teachers' Association, but the best im- -pression that I carry with me is that to train and educate a child one must get at his heart, and surely I can keep that hold on Sashy. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F3_p046.jpg) MONDAY, FEBRUARY 7, 1898 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F3_p047.jpg) TUESDAY, FEBRUARY 8, 1898 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F3_p048.jpg) WEDNESDAY, FEBRUARY 9, 1898 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F3_p049.jpg) THURSDAY, FEBRUARY 10, 1898 Errand driving for awhile. (I got a cramp in my thumb and had to stop. Now I've forgotten what I did. Sunday Feb 13.) ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F3_p050.jpg) FRIDAY, FEBRUARY 11, 1898 This was such a soft lovely day that I took the train to Kanesholm to see if the Union could be reorganized. I saw Mrs VanTine, Mrs L. A Cunningham and his mother, Mrs Jennie Bailey Mrs Alice Williams and Mrs Fanny [-]acey, and the latter promised to see two others. I do not think the prospect is good, however, as there is a bitter church fight on. Evan picked me up before I had time to see any more. I did up accounts, wrote two letters ordering supplies for the hospital and heard Sashys lessons before going out. In the afternoon sewed on the machine and handsewed, paid two calls and read the paper. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F3_p051.jpg) SATURDAY, FEBRUARY 12, 1898 As disagreeable a day as yesterday was charming. I went to town through the fine sleet dragging Sashy at my heels, and for the rest wrote and sewed all day. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F3_p052.jpg) SUNDAY, FEBRUARY 13, 1898 Excessively slippery. 148 at Sunday School. Sun came out in the afternoon. Wrote to Nell and some WCTU. letters ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F3_p053.jpg) MONDAY, FEBRUARY 14, 1898 Disagreeable snowy day, and I didn't go out until evening when we all went to see a stereop -ticon series of views with a lecture about various kinds of ships. Some views were lovely: some very poor. I had a bloodshot eye so neither wrote nor read much, but cut out a new frock for Ong, which did not mend matters. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F3_p054.jpg) TUESDAY, FEBRUARY 15, 1898 Rose a little after five to see Tom and Virginia off on a trip to Washington York and Gettysburg. A south east snowstorm. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F3_p055.jpg) WEDNESDAY, FEBRUARY 16, 1898 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F3_p056.jpg) THURSDAY, FEBRUARY 17, 1898 Frances E. Willard died in the night of the 17-18 perhaps a few minutes over into the 18th She had suffered greatly in the last few days. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F3_p057.jpg) FRIDAY, FEBRUARY 18, 1898 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F3_p058.jpg) SATURDAY, FEBRUARY 19, 1898 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F3_p059.jpg) Alida Fitzhugh died SUNDAY, FEBRUARY 20, 1898 Alida Fitzhugh died at six o'clock A M. I did not hear of it till the 1st of March. She died without suffering I am thank- -ful to say ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F3_p060.jpg) MONDAY, FEBRUARY 21, 1898 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F3_p061.jpg) TUESDAY, FEBRUARY 22, 1898 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F3_p062.jpg) WEDNESDAY, FEBRUARY 23, 1898 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F3_p063.jpg) THURSDAY, FEBRUARY 24, 1898 Lots of writing, business and W. C. T. U. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F3_p064.jpg) FRIDAY, FEBRUARY 25, 1898 Raining all morning, but held up in the afternoon and we had an interesting Mothers Meeting. On my way home Evan told me that Frances Willard died last night; a heavy loss. Note: All this belongs to last week I made a mistake in my entries. Really we had a missionary meeting today, and I have been busy all the week preparing for a Memorial service for Miss Willard to be held March 4. Very severe snowstorm ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F3_p065.jpg) SATURDAY, FEBRUARY 26, 1898 Worked all the morning sorting dear Harry's things and laying her papers and books in her bookcase. Walked to bank and postoffice, and read. Feb 26. Above is what I did last week. This morning after attending to Sashy's lesson I wrote to Zella, Mary Clancy and Prof. Kingsbury, and mended. In the afternoon went with Elisha to call on old Mac Ewen who has fallen and hurt himself, on Mrs Porter, (late Hannah Car- -roll, Tom's stenographer) and on Miss Le Jeune Keppler who has also fallen. She broke her arm. I sent a dollar to the Kq. union church as asked for, for a quilt to help pay insurance. I also sent for the same purpose H. A. K's Christmas eagle to little Harry. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F3_p066.jpg) SUNDAY, FEBRUARY 27, 1898 I am very sorry to write that Mrs Shaffer did not appear at Sunday School, so I fear that the whole family has deserted us. It was a disagreeable day but passed pleasantly to me. The above refers to last Sunday, but as far as weather goes, is applicable to this. It remains to be seen whether Mrs Shaffer has deserted the S. S. She came to our Missionary meeting on Friday. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F3_p067.jpg) MONDAY, FEBRUARY 28, 1898 Woke to find a fairy world of snow. Virginia and Tom back on the early train. We took the children an errand sleighride, which occupied most of the morning. Knitted and ravelled out a little sock. Elisha was here and the Gas Company. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F3_p068.jpg) TUESDAY, MARCH 1, 1898 Snowing a little. I am bound for Bradford for a meeting of the Central Executive Committee. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F3_p069.jpg) WEDNESDAY, MARCH 2, 1898 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F3_p070.jpg) THURSDAY, MARCH 3, 1898 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F3_p071.jpg) Programme for FRANCES E. WILLARD'S Memorial Service. March 4.I898. Dead March in "Saul" --------------------------------------------Miss Lucy Williams. Prayer --------------------------------------------------------------- Dr Bunce. Miss Willard's Early Training Mrs -----------------------------Mrs B.N.McCoy. Her Life as a Christian Methodist ------------------------------- Dr Bunce. Hymn "Gently, Lord" ----------------------------------------- High School Quartette. Her Life as a School Teacher ------------------------------------- Miss MacEwen. Crusade Psalm (I46th) --------------------------------------------- Mrs W.S.Valentine. Influence of the Crusade and ) Commencement of Temperance Work ) ----------------------- Rev. A.B.Wilson. Duet "Saved by Grace" --------------------------------------- Misses Evans&Griffith accompanied by Mrs Fanny Denning. Her Life as a Reformer and ) work in the W. C. T. U. ) ----------------------------------- Rev. Chas.Jones. Hymn, "One sweetly solemn thought" ---------------------- High School Quartette. Enumeration of Lines of Work ----------------------------------- Mrs Annie Blew. Scientific Temperance Instruction ----------------------------- Professor Kingsbury. "Oh could I sing the matchless worth" ----------------------High School Quartette. As a ruler; Instances of her tact ----------------------------------(Mrs Louise Parson (Mrs Wm Hubbard. Memorial Words at Toronto, ) Miss Willard's own Farewell ) ------------------------------------Mrs E.D.Kane. One verse of "Blest be the tie that binds" sung by the audience, with the Quartette leading. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F3_p073.jpg) FRIDAY, MARCH 4, 1898 Our Memorial Service went off very well. Evan is cutting me off from writing because of occasional cramps in my thumb. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F3_p074.jpg) SATURDAY, MARCH 5, 1898 W. C. T. U. business meeting in the afternoon. Postal errors this week, received Bassett's newspaper and Eliz. McDade's letter ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F3_p075.jpg) SUNDAY, MARCH 6, 1898 Lovely day, cool, clear and crisp. The S. S. topic was Christ and the Sabbath, and an appropriate one it was in view of the disorderly conduct of the Christian Endeavor Society lately. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F3_p076.jpg) MONDAY, MARCH 7, 1898 Lovely weather: have nearly finished hospital accounts for quarter. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F3_p077.jpg) TUESDAY, MARCH 8, 1898 Exquisite day: snow melting fast. Wash- -ed my hair, wrote to Nell, to Lippincott & Mrs Th. Morrison. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F3_p078.jpg) WEDNESDAY, MARCH 9, 1898 T. L. Kane Junior, three years old. Gave him three frocks that I had made. Another beautiful day. Wrote to Mrs Louise Parsons ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F3_p079.jpg) THURSDAY, MARCH 10, 1898 This evening Tom, Virginia and Catherine were away at prayer-meetings, Evan was at Neil Mac Ewen's who has diphtheria, and the cook and housemaid having slipped out without leave, Lila and I were alone in the hall. Lila was reading me Cuban news when she noticed a crackling sound in the kitchen. We went in and found the floor on fire under the range. We put it out ourselves, but having called to Mr Rupert to tell Tom to come, he gave the fire alarm, and by the time we had extinguished it the fire companies all came up, with poor Catherine Virginia and Tom exhausted with running uphill ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F3_p080.jpg) FRIDAY, MARCH 11, 1898 Lovely day. Elisha to dine, tea and sleep. Evan at a hideous operation at St Mary's. I took the children and Lila & Catherine a drive in the mud: did some writing, sewed out of doors. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F3_p081.jpg) SATURDAY, MARCH 12, 1898 Rainy morning: down early to see Elisha off. Finally revise a/[-] for Monday's meeting Wrote to Guaranty Trust Co. Wood-Allen Pub. Co. Wm Heugerer Co. tidied my closets partially, hung pictures: pottered busily all morning. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F3_p082.jpg) SUNDAY, MARCH 13, 1898 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F3_p083.jpg) MONDAY, MARCH 14, 1898 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F3_p084.jpg) TUESDAY, MARCH 15, 1898 Spent at Kushequa. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F3_p085.jpg) WEDNESDAY, MARCH 16, 1898 Tom has been suffering from a bad boil on the hand, which Evan opened yesterday, but it obliged him to lie down all day. I walked to town in the morning, but spent the afternoon with him. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F3_p086.jpg) THURSDAY, MARCH 17, 1898 A genuine Spring day. Tom much better. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F3_p087.jpg) FRIDAY, MARCH 18, 1898 My precious Sashy is 4 years old. At his father's desire I have put him into boys' clothes. He is 40 1/4 inches tall, and his pretty curls are straightening out. He has finished the 37th lesson in the primer, but does not know the script characters well. We had a Mothers' Meeting today. I cannot brag that my little grandsons are obedient boys. Ong x has developed a taste for running away. x Thomas Leiper son of Dr. Tom later known as Leiper or Lee ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F3_p088.jpg) SATURDAY, MARCH 19, 1898 x Hemlock Bark Rainy day, so busied with rainy day occu- -pations: overhauled linen closet: ordered more bolster cases and cotton sheets. Tom's hand is better, the "core" having come out last night. Elisha slept here the last two nights. He is vainly trying to sell his bark x Wrote to Dr Shields: wish now that I hadn't. xx Prof. Chas. Shields of Princeton Widower of GEN. Kane's sister Eliz. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F3_p089.jpg) SUNDAY, MARCH 20, 1898 A stormy night gives way to a cold bright windy day. Poor Evan is very unhappy over a Mrs Ackley whose case is almost hopeless. He has taken Virginia and Tom to help him with a Mrs Hedden who has returned to the hospital with an abscess. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F3_p090.jpg) MONDAY, MARCH 21, 1898 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F3_p091.jpg) TUESDAY, MARCH 22, 1898 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F3_p092.jpg) WEDNESDAY, MARCH 23, 1898 Evan circumcised both boys, so we have a hos- -pital again, but as the so-called equinoctal storm is raging and the weather cold it is the best time to choose. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F3_p093.jpg) THURSDAY, MARCH 24, 1898 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F3_p094.jpg) FRIDAY, MARCH 25, 1898 Brilliant morning. Sashy had a bad night, and is in a good deal of misery this morning: ditto Ong. Both are now out taking drives with their parents. I have a missionary meeting for this afternoon, but cannot see how to get off as Lila is really un- -fit to mind Sashy, Catherine is going to try to get up a missionary meeting, and Tom and Virginia are both going to be away, one in search of a cow, the other of a music-lesson. I marked 12 sheets 12 bolster cases and four hdkfs, wrote to order coffee, wrote to J. Davis Mrs Mather Carrier and set down accounts, besides altering Sashy's dressings several times: all before eleven o'clock. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F3_p095.jpg) SATURDAY, MARCH 26, 1898 Minding Sashy, sewing and writing nearly all day. He is better decidedly. Elisha was here returning from Bos- -ton. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F3_p096.jpg) SUNDAY, MARCH 27, 1898 Dismally rainy but the wild flowers are be- ginning. Lila minded Sashy so that I could go to church and Sunday School and take an afternoon nap and write to Helen. Mr Wilson exchanged with Mr Bird. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F3_p097.jpg) MONDAY, MARCH 28, 1898 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F3_p098.jpg) TUESDAY, MARCH 29, 1898 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F3_p099.jpg) WEDNESDAY, MARCH 30, 1898 Have finished my Non-Alcoholic Medi- -cation paper and go to New York tonight ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F3_p100.jpg) THURSDAY MARCH 31, 1898 Tom and I had a busy, pleasant day in Phila and went to the theatre to see a patriotic play, "Shenandoah," in the evening. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F3_p101.jpg) FRIDAY, APRIL 1, 1898 X MRS Robt. Patterson Kane Heard from Lily sad accounts of Pat this morn- -ing. He is under the influence of chloral, poor poor fellow. Went to see Dr. Strawbridge about my eyes. He puts me into spectacles for far as well as near vision. Left for N. Y. in the afternoon. Note: 1. Dearist Grandmother was born May 12, 1836 2. Gen. Kane's brother "Pat" 3. Chloral hydrate – a narcotic often used in "Knock out drops" ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F3_p102.jpg) SATURDAY, APRIL 2, 1898 Went with Helen to see Harriet. It was a dismally rainy day, but she seemed quite bright ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F3_p103.jpg) SUNDAY, APRIL 3, 1898 Went to hear Dr. Paxton for old times' sake: sensational but interesting prayers and sermon about the impending war. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F3_p104.jpg) MONDAY, APRIL 4, 1898 Helen heard at breakfast time of the death of her friend Mrs Houghton. She was summoned by the husband who is ill, and spent the whole day making arrangements for the funeral Mrs Houghton was President of Helen's Home for the Friendless of which Helen is Vice President. I stayed at home by myself reading a novel till 2 P. M. when I went to a very interesting missionary meeting about Alaska. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F3_p105.jpg) TUESDAY, APRIL 5, 1898 Hear that poor Tom has been in bed two days with his hand. Helen had to go to Mrs Houghton's funeral in the evening! It was a stormy day and we sewed at home. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F3_p106.jpg) WEDNESDAY, APRIL 6, 1898 I spent the day at Woodside, seeing my dear Sabrina looking very, very frail. Helen was busy at the Home for the Friendless. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F3_p107.jpg) THURSDAY, APRIL 7, 1898 Out shopping with Nell. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F3_p108.jpg) Good FRIDAY, APRIL 8, 1898 Went to the three hour service at St. George's with Helen, and left on the 5.50 P. M. train ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F3_p109.jpg) SATURDAY, APRIL 9, 1898 Reached home at 7 A. M. and found all well. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F3_p110.jpg) SUNDAY, APRIL 10, 1898 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F3_p111.jpg) MONDAY, APRIL 11, 1898 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F3_p112.jpg) TUESDAY, APRIL 12, 1898 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F3_p113.jpg) WEDNESDAY, APRIL 13, 1898 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F3_p114.jpg) THURSDAY, APRIL 14, 1898 Out most of the day. A long drive with Lila and another with Tom. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F3_p115.jpg) FRIDAY, APRIL 15, 1898 Mothers meeting at Mrs Hubbards ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F3_p116.jpg) SATURDAY, APRIL 16, 1898 Drove with Lila to the cemetery. Our graves are sweet with Whitby white violets, and beautiful with crocuses. A fading cross lay on Harry's and I learned from the greenhouse woman that Catherine went through the rain to lay it there for Easter. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F3_p117.jpg) SUNDAY, APRIL 17, 1898 Ah, what anxiety about the War. It is such a lovely Spring Sunday when all ought to be Peace. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F3_p118.jpg) MONDAY, APRIL 18, 1898 Busy at home all the beautiful morning, writing and packing things in camphor, and cleaning up in the garret. Gave the afternoon to a W. C. T. U. meeting about Remonstrance work; to seeing Craven and not catching Mac Ewen. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F3_p119.jpg) TUESDAY, APRIL 19, 1898 The wind howled all night and a cold driving rain has fallen all day. This morning at six the fire whistle sounded, but it was to summon people to search the woods for Thomas Hearst the beast who assaulted Edna Welcker at Christmas time, and was acquitted by the jury last Court. Now he has killed his wife and two chil- -dren! I have been very busy, first giving Sashy his lesson, then working in the garret, then at accounts, then writing to Glory (who has hurt her knee) to Hengerer for beds, to Davis thanks for another $50. for the hospital, and to treas. Scott remitting a dividend. Thena has diphtheria and we have despatch -ed the children to the hospital. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F3_p120.jpg) WEDNESDAY, APRIL 20, 1898 Miss the children sadly. Thena is better though very weak. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F3_p121.jpg) THURSDAY, APRIL 21, 1898 Forty fifth anniversary of my wedding day. I am going to the 30th. Semi-annual convention of our McKean Co. W.C.T.U. (am writing at half past five A.M.). The ground is covered with snow, the culmination of the tem- -pestuous weather of the last two days. I had to preside, Mrs Cham- -bers being ill. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F3_p122.jpg) FRIDAY, APRIL 22, 1898 Presided at the Convention till 3.30 when Zella and I left to take the train for Kane. No news from Lila yet. When I reached the depot Catherine was just leaving for New York. Oh dear, this war! ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F3_p123.jpg) SATURDAY, APRIL 23, 1898 Rained hard and blew a gale all day so worked at home. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F3_p124.jpg) SUNDAY, APRIL 24, 1898 Volney Cushing preached for us on temperance. So much war excitement that no one can settle to anything. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F3_p125.jpg) MONDAY, APRIL 25, 1898 Gray day. Spent all the morning running about on Remonstrance work. Evan went in the afternoon to Buffalo. Dr. Hays and Tom are to take care of Lila. Terrible news. The New York is reported exploded. No details. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F3_p126.jpg) TUESDAY, APRIL 26, 1898 Evan went to the commencement examinations at Buffalo Med. College of which he is a curator yesterday afternoon, leaving Tom in charge of his patients and Dr. Hays here in case of Lila's being ill. Poor Tom was out with one and another till midnight. Lila keeps her bed today under promise as Evan can- -not be back before 9 P. M. but she is well. I spent nearly two hours patching Tom's great coat. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F3_p127.jpg) WEDNESDAY, APRIL 27, 1898 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F3_p128.jpg) THURSDAY, APRIL 28, 1898 W. C. T. U. special meeting. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F3_p129.jpg) FRIDAY, APRIL 29, 1898 We have the bad news that the Thomson House purchasers give it up. On the other hand we got a good deal out of it, my share of which has largely gone into the renewing of the Hospi- -tal, so as I couldn't have done it without that aid let me be thankful. Busy with remonstrance work. Elisha at dinner, afterwards I went to Missionary meeting, no one but Mrs. Hubbard came. Virginia at a C. E. sociable in the evening, and Tom at a Board of Trade meeting. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F3_p130.jpg) SATURDAY, APRIL 30, 1898 Windy & clear. Drove Lila about on errands then left her and Sashy at the hospital. Camphored a few last remaining woollens, attended to accounts, interviewed Mac Ewen, called at Mrs McCoy's, Kemp offers to run the Thomson House. Tom drove me to the North Field in the afternoon. He is enjoying seeing cultiva- -tion begin. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F3_p131.jpg) SUNDAY, MAY 1, 1898 Sashy had violent headache and nausea this afternoon, caused by the change to hot weather I think. We strolled about the slopes all the late afternoon. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F3_p132.jpg) MONDAY, MAY 2, 1898 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F3_p133.jpg) TUESDAY, MAY 3, 1898 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F3_p134.jpg) WEDNESDAY, MAY 4, 1898 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F3_p135.jpg) THURSDAY, MAY 5, 1898 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F3_p136.jpg) FRIDAY, MAY 6, 1898 We had a W. C. T. U. meeting to hear the delegate's report and invite the convention to meet here. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F3_p137.jpg) SATURDAY, MAY 7, 1898 X WILLIAM WOOD is BORN Poor Lila was in misery all last night and today. Her little boy baby was born about 11.13 P. M. this night. Instrumental delivery, and much torn. Evan mended the tears at once. The baby's head is badly bruised, and it isn't a large child. I took Sashy to the hospital this morning, and spent the rest of the day sewing and reading near or with Lila. The whole day was one of great excitement, partly about Lila, partly about the war news of the success of Admiral Dewey and anxiety about Sampson, and partly about the question of the transfer of the Thomson House. Berry, my lawyer in the Donovan license case, wants me to go over on Monday. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F3_p138.jpg) SUNDAY, MAY 8, 1898 Got to bed at 1 A. M. but not to sleep for an hour and then woke before five. A terrible wind blew all night: our poor fleet! ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F3_p139.jpg) MONDAY, MAY 9, 1898 All day at Smithport: license Court, but the Kane cases were not reached. Tom is anxious and uncertain about the Thomson House. Lila doing well. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F3_p140.jpg) TUESDAY, MAY 10, 1898 At License Court all morning. Berry made a good argument in defence of our restrictions, but it was plain that Morrison meant to decide against us. After dinner Tom consulted Berry, and by his advice accepted the Thomson House instead of proceeding against the purchasers. We then drove through the smoke of forest fires to Ormsby to catch the 2.55 train, and had the pleasure of waiting at a burnt trestle until the other train came on: three hours! Found all well, but Sashy had been naughty: nervous. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F3_p141.jpg) WEDNESDAY, MAY 11, 1898 A quiet happy home day as far as I was concerned, but Evan is greatly worried about his hospital patients. Lila is doing well, except as a nurse. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F3_p142.jpg) THURSDAY, MAY 12, 1898 Rained all night and as it rained yes- -ternight too, all the forest fires are out. Evan has decided that Lila cannot nurse the baby: a great disappointment. Her own birthday – not noted by herself or family? ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F3_p143.jpg) FRIDAY, MAY 13, 1898 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F3_p144.jpg) SATURDAY, MAY 14, 1898 Chose papers for Thomson House, and some of our rooms. We are enjoying watching the leafing out of our newly set out clumps. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F3_p145.jpg) SUNDAY, MAY 15, 1898 I was the only one at church, as a terrible appendicitis case occupied Evan, Tom, Virginia and Dr Hays. The latter, with Zella came in in the morning and drove out in the evening. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F3_p146.jpg) MONDAY, MAY 16, 1898 Worked hard all day getting my pictures down and preparing my room for papering. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F3_p147.jpg) TUESDAY, MAY 17, 1898 Crisp, cool and clear: I'm afraid the glory of the apple blossoms will be ended tonight with a sharp frost. Virginia and Tom went to buy car- -pets for the Thomson House, and on the way to stop at Lancaster for Evan Tom to read a paper of Evan's to the State Med. Association. Evan said today that, taking small and large oreva- -tions he had done about 1000 this year with -out using alcohol, and had had hardly any deaths. Lila was carried downstairs for a little while. I have had a solitary evening, and have written till my eyes ache. My room is papered, carpet shaken, floor, windows and woodwork washed and ready to be re-carpeted tomorrow. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F3_p148.jpg) WEDNESDAY, MAY 18, 1898 Tom and Virginia must be in Lancaster this morning. I pottered about busily all day. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F3_p149.jpg) THURSDAY, MAY 19, 1898 Reached Harrisburg at 3 A M and went to bed by 3.40 and slept till 7. Such a hot day! Elisha went with me to see his father's picture, the Bucktail's battle flag and the Battle of Gettysburg. Strange to say he had never seen them! Then we went through the greenhouses, which were shattered at six in the evening by a violent hailstorm. After that E. was busy all day, and all the evening till 1 A. M. with committees. I went to the Convention from 2 till 6, but for the rest sat alone and read a stupid novel, but wasn't I glad to have it! I subscribed $200. to the Prohibition fund. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F3_p150.jpg) FRIDAY, MAY 20, 1898 Very interesting day as far as the Convention went; but deadly dull beyond it as I just sat in my room and read. It either rained or steamed all day. In the evening we heard John G. Woolley – a fine speaker but with a voice that was hoarse and strained. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F3_p151.jpg) SATURDAY, MAY 21, 1898 Reached home at [-] A. M. and found that Lila had been taken with catarrhal pneumonia at on Thursday evening and Bess was very ill with her teeth. However, both were better by afternoon. Evan lanced Bessie's gums freely for both eye and stomach teeth. Everything looks lovely here. I found a lot of work awaiting me, as Mrs Chambers' health is failing and she wants me to take up the County works. I did a little arranging in my room, which is newly papered, but somehow I lack heart today, to hang my pictures, missing my own Harry's interest and delight. Oh, my Harry! Finished Sashy's last shirtwaist: have made five this spring. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F3_p152.jpg) SUNDAY, MAY 22, 1898 A cloudy morning, a lovely noontide and rain setting in in the afternoon. Evan took Lila a drive as far as Stophel's and she enjoyed it, but she had fever through the night and her temperature was 100. Bess is better. I was alone in going to church and Sunday School. I hope I impressed some of the girls, poor dear things. On my way home Tom met me driving the wee boys. V. and he reached home at 12.25. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F3_p153.jpg) MONDAY, MAY 23, 1898 Spent most of the morning; no, two hours, run- -ning about town including a long visit to Mrs Weeks who is anticipating an operation. Wrote letters, sewed, mended, and in the afternoon hung a picture and risked a fall and made up my mind that I must be too old for such things. Read aloud to Lila more than I ought to have done. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F3_p154.jpg) TUESDAY, MAY 24, 1898 Another showery cool day: spent part of the morning despatching my mail, and hunting up addresses. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F3_p155.jpg) WEDNESDAY, MAY 25, 1898 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F3_p156.jpg) THURSDAY, MAY 26, 1898 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F3_p157.jpg) FRIDAY, MAY 27, 1898 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F3_p158.jpg) SATURDAY, MAY 28, 1898 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F3_p159.jpg) SUNDAY, MAY 29, 1898 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F3_p160.jpg) MONDAY, MAY 30, 1898 Wrote to Wm Hengerer Co. asking why beds didn't come; searched for information about taxes of 1874 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F3_p161.jpg) TUESDAY, MAY 31, 1898 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F3_p162.jpg) WEDNESDAY, JUNE 1, 1898 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F3_p163.jpg) THURSDAY, JUNE 2, 1898 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F3_p164.jpg) FRIDAY, JUNE 3, 1898 Working quietly at home till the afternoon. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F3_p165.jpg) SATURDAY, JUNE 4, 1898 Evan was at Camp Halsey all night and returned this morning very blue over the loss of his patient. Burdick had been trying for a week to prevent abortion but got in despair. The woman died of shock. I drove with Tom to Pine Avenue to decide on a proposed ditch, and then to the Cemetery. Returning drove Lila out for her airing, taking Sashy both times. After dinner grubbed in the dirt and rub- -bish at Morningside for anything valuable until I wore myself out at 4 P.M. The day has been the perfection of June weather. Tom has been excessively busy all the week hunting up deeds and running surveys for the Park case. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F3_p166.jpg) SUNDAY, JUNE 5, 1898 Not much use in having a diary when I leave it unwritten day after day! I shall have to try back to jot down some things in the past week before I forget them. It is a beautiful day and nearing church time. Evan is in the Blue Room trying to sleep as he was up all last night too. The case was that of a primipara who was almost a dwarf, but he delivered her safely. Sashy was at his grandparents (is in their care at the Hospital) and they say that he would only eat bread and butter and strawberries for dinner. He complained bitterly about his head and stomach aching all the afternoon and evening, and of nausea. He had fever, increasing as night came on and was delirious for a time till antikamnia put him to sleep. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F3_p167.jpg) MONDAY, JUNE 6, 1898 Devoted all day to Sashy, who had the same symptoms and was very ill. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F3_p168.jpg) TUESDAY, JUNE 7, 1898 Sashy was very sick all the morning, but in the afternoon he got better; played with Ong and ate a slice of bread and butter with relish and drank a cup of milk. He ate a few strawberries, too. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F3_p169.jpg) WEDNESDAY, JUNE 8, 1898 Sashy woke fevered and fretful, complaining still of his head and stomach and locating the pain in the region of the umbilicus. He was so sick that I thought of sending for Evan, but he fell asleep at eleven and slept an hour, waking much worse. Evan then having come home gave him calomel 2 1/2 gr. and then three more half grain doses two hours apart. At seven just before the time for a dose he woke from a fevered sleep in great anguish, screaming with pain in the right place for appendicitis. Evan had been dreading it for some time, and he telephoned for Dr Palmer. Very careful examination failed to show any lump, and when Dr P. arrived the child was feeling better. He stayed all night, but after the calomel operated, i. e. midnight Sashy seemed better, though feverish and slept. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F3_p170.jpg) THURSDAY, JUNE 9, 1898 Sashy so much better that Evan determined to take him to see Dr Da Costa. He felt as if there must be appendicitis or if not that he was tuberou -lous, so we started on the night train. Sashy's betterness did not give him any appetite. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F3_p171.jpg) FRIDAY, JUNE 10, 1898 Our darling slept nicely on the cars. In the morn- -ing we took him to Dr Da Costa who after a thorough examination said he had no appendicitis; no tuberculosis, no enlarged mesenteric glands, and that in his opinion the illness was an acute attack of the catarrnal membranous enteritis from which he always suffers more or less. He said that we must particularly avoid strawberries and such irri- -tating seeded berries. Codliver oil pure when cold weather came, not now. No electricity. Greatly relieved we took Sashy back to the hotel stopping at Wanamaker's on the way to get him "Sliced Animals" to play with. He felt better but still complaining of headache and pain in the stomach. No appetite what ever. After an early dinner we took him to the zoo, and then on a lovely trolley ride through the Park. Made him rest then till we started at 8.50 on our return journey. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F3_p172.jpg) SATURDAY, JUNE 11, 1898 Reached home at 7 A. M. Thundery weather and heavy gusts in which two trees by the house had blown down. Sashy cross and miserable all day Poor Lila has a [---]s[-]y sore throat. Tom at Smithport about the trial ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F3_p173.jpg) SUNDAY, JUNE 12, 1898 Raining all night. Maggie was to have come to mind Sashy while I went to church, but she too has quinsy, so I took him to Grandpapa Rupert. He has been a little less fretful today and I have coaxed quite a respectable amount of milk and a little solid food into him. Poor Wilson preached on Job. He is very unhappy because the elders and most of the trustees want him to leave, as not being a successful financial Card. But he is a good Christian man. Lila is very weak. We spent hours discussing whether to take her and Sashy away and if so, where. As usual decided to wait. I'd like to take him to Deal Beach or some salt water place. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F3_p174.jpg) MONDAY, JUNE 13, 1898 No cook yet, and Mrs Cook who is helping temporarily burned her hand badly. She turned out the gas in the laundry stove, and the new girl and Virginia not knowing that she had done so, thought the fire was low and needed turning up. Which they did, and then poor Mrs C. coming to light it was met by a rush of flame when she threw her match in. Sashy was very fretful all day, and passed a number of casts, but felt better by late afternoon. I had him all morning and he tried my pa- -tience sorely, but perhaps if I had not endeavored to do other things it would not have been so. I felt that I must get the hospital report off, and then I wanted to alter a shirtwaist that I have just bought. Evan took Sashy for a large part of the afternoon. Tom went to Smithport or rather, he started to go but saw E. K. K. at Ormsby and he undertook the work. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F3_p175.jpg) TUESDAY, JUNE 14, 1898 Gray morning; couldn't sleep so rose at 5.30, and wrote the preceding: saw poor Mrs Cook outside the win- -dow taking in clothes that didn't dry yesterday. So I let her in. Her finger is pretty bad, I think, but she makes light of it. The other burns have not gone through the skin. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F3_p176.jpg) WEDNESDAY, JUNE 15, 1898 Went to Kq. on the early train with Sashy. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F3_p177.jpg) THURSDAY, JUNE 16, 1898 Tom, Elisha and I are all subpoenaed for Monday next. I tried not to worry and spent a quiet day here at Kq. where Sashy is always happy. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F3_p178.jpg) FRIDAY, JUNE 17, 1898 Returned on the morning train and as no one met me Sashy and I walked home. Found Lila pretty miserable. Virginia drove me to the meeting, and I walked home. Only Mrs Mc Coy and Mrs Hubbard were there: determined to call a special meeting for Friday next to form an auxiliary to National Relief Commission. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F3_p179.jpg) SATURDAY, JUNE 18, 1898 Quietly working at home all day. Sat with Lila all afternoon as Evan and V. went off on a bicycle ride to Warren. They were drenched in a thunderstorm. I cut out a Galatea sailor suit for Sashy. In the early morning I drove with Tom to see his new extension of Edgar Street and went over the hotel with Sashy to see the new carpets and papers. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F3_p180.jpg) SUNDAY, JUNE 19, 1898 Lila is very much worse this morning, so Evan packed her and treated the uterus with iodine and the vagina with Monsel's solution. I am in charge at present instead of going to church, while Evan has driven to Highland to try to get Miss Ellithorp to return and take care of Lila and the baby. The latter has diarrhoea, and is wasting though bright and lively. Sashy is much better and has gone to Highland with Evan. I read Lila to sleep and have written a long letter to Helen Watts. Evan was called out in the night to see Bedell, who is worse, and then a man with a broken head was brought by his debauched friends, so he got little rest what with them and Lila and has a bad headache. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F3_p181.jpg) MONDAY, JUNE 20, 1898 After all our anxiety and suspense the other side was not prepared and the case goes over for three months. Ours is beautifully prepared. Bedell died last night, and as my lawyer said he was sure I would not be needed I got off the train, and went to see the widow. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F3_p182.jpg) TUESDAY, JUNE 21, 1898 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F3_p183.jpg) WEDNESDAY, JUNE 22, 1898 Evan and I took Sashy to Warren on the early train and had his teeth filled. He behaved very well. Went to Bedell's funeral. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F3_p184.jpg) THURSDAY, JUNE 23, 1898 At home all day except on the errand drive. Mr Wilson paid a long visit in the afternoon. I am making Sashy a sailors suit of galatea. Tom and Elisha were at Smith- -port all day copying papers in the Recorders office. They found in a pigeon hole a paper showing that the Borough of Kane had been organised in 1865, 17 freeholders applying, and Warren Cowles being attorney. T. L. K had appended a beautiful map, wherein Fraley Street under the name of Lincoln was down, and Greeves under that of Bayard. But the lines do not corres- -pond, and the Commonsville or Wetmore Road (now entirely built over) crosses diagonally through the plot. Only thirty five acres are laid down as park, and the borough lines are quite different from those of the present borough. One of the freeholders, Tur[-]ey, is still living here. This paper has never been recorded and the boys don't know whether it bears favorably or unfavorably on the case. Old B. D. Hamlin thinks that Wetmore's people sup- -pressed it. He thinks that Tom was not sorry, but remember very well that Tom was angry with Warren Cowles and thought he had been bribed to prevent its going through. But I thought it was a charter before our legislature ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F3_p185.jpg) FRIDAY, JUNE 24, 1898 Evan operated on Lila this morning imme- -diately after breakfast mending the torn cervix. Dr Hays, Tom, Miss Ellithorp and myself, with V. part of the time and Anna the rest were present. Air breezy and delightful. Tom V. Sashy and I took a dusty but pleasant drive in the evening. In the afternoon our union met and decided to make 5 doz. pajamas for the hospital. Our new "green Swede" cook came. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F3_p186.jpg) SATURDAY, JUNE 25, 1898 Tom and Virginia went to Kq on their wheels. I walked to town to mail my letters. Wrote to Mrs Morrison, Mrs Burnett, Mrs Fritts, and a note enclosing an article for the Republican. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F3_p187.jpg) SUNDAY, JUNE 26, 1898 Having got my scholars well prepared for Review Sunday it was provoking to have the whole hour devoted to practising for Children's Day service in the evening. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F3_p188.jpg) MONDAY, JUNE 27, 1898 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F3_p189.jpg) TUESDAY, JUNE 28, 1898 Spent all of today and yesterday on the soldiers hospital pajamas. I have seven cut out and one of them is made. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F3_p190.jpg) WEDNESDAY, JUNE 29, 1898 Paperhangers finished the rooms: they look lovely ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F3_p191.jpg) THURSDAY, JUNE 30, 1898 Tom and Virginia went to Kushequa. Florence arrived a day earlier than I expect -ed, and had to be put in Catherines room as hers was not ready. Wrote my school visitor's report and mailed it. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F3_p192.jpg) FRIDAY, JULY 1, 1898 We had a Mother's Meeting in the afternoon. I had hoped to take over one or two pajamas all made, but Virginia had brought in a basket of cherries to preserve and I had to give my whole morning to storing them. I took Mrs. Mather with me to choose more pajama material. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F3_p193.jpg) SATURDAY, JULY 2, 1898 Florence left for Lakewood after an early dinner. I worked whenever I had spare time on the pajamas. It has been intensely hot all day though with a glorious breeze, and we are wrought up over the details - so scanty yet so glorious of the fighting at Santiago. Evan nearly killed him- -self by wheeling up from Johnsonburg to Wilcox this afternoon in order to save time. He had congestive headache, numbness of one side of the face and a chill! He took strychnia, which relieved him. We sat on the piazza till late. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F3_p194.jpg) SUNDAY, JULY 3, 1898 Baby William Wood Kane is to be baptised today. It is hot but there is a fine breeze here. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F3_p195.jpg) MONDAY, JULY 4, 1898 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F3_p196.jpg) TUESDAY, JULY 5, 1898 A delightful day: very busy at home. My third set of pajamas all done except to sew on buttons. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F3_p197.jpg) WEDNESDAY, JULY 6, 1898 All day at the Bradford Executive Meeting. Cool and exquisite day. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F3_p198.jpg) THURSDAY, JULY 7, 1898 Wrote to Helen, Mrs Hirsch, Mrs Marble, ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F3_p199.jpg) FRIDAY, JULY 8, 1898 Worked on pajamas and wrote letters. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F3_p200.jpg) SATURDAY, JULY 9, 1898 Finished my share of pajamas, did errands, wrote to both Chas. and R. B. Stone on behalf of Mrs Long for the postoffice. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F3_p201.jpg) SUNDAY, JULY 10, 1898 Cold clear and windy. Mr Wilson preached quite a stirring sermon, having the President's thanksgiving proclamation and General Miles' appeal on the liquor topic to go by. Taught my class, wrote to Helen and to Mary Field ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F3_p202.jpg) MONDAY, JULY 11, 1898 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F3_p203.jpg) TUESDAY, JULY 12, 1898 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F3_p204.jpg) WEDNESDAY, JULY 13, 1898 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F3_p205.jpg) THURSDAY, JULY 14, 1898 Hurrying to start for Pigeon Cove. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F3_p206.jpg) FRIDAY, JULY 15, 1898 Reached Phila at 6.30, breakfasted, took Sashy to get shoes, visited Mary Field; took Sashy a trolley ride to Angora, joined T. and N. at noon dined at Denne[--] Rooms, took the 12.40 train to N. Y. Tom left me to take our rooms on the steamer while he and N. went to see about the X ray machine We had supper on the boat, a lovely sail down the East River and so to bed. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F3_p207.jpg) SATURDAY, JULY 16, 1898 Rose at 4.30 A. M. dressed and waked the rest, so that we got our cup of coffee and roll, took the 5. 30 train to Boston, crossed it to the Boston & Maine RR. and thence an hour and a half took us to Rock- -port. There we waited half an hour for a trolley which took us to Pigeon Cove. A little search settled us here in the Ocean View House kept marvellously well and cleanly by Mrs Sarah Lougee. It has one great drawback: there is no sandy beach for Sashy to play on. So in the afternoon Tom and Vir- -ginia set off to hunt up beaches; dear Sashy slept for two hours while I sat by, read my book and watched the lovely, ever-varying sea. Then came a telegram forwarded to Tom "Come at once. Bring family. Willie badly burnt. gunpow- -der." signed H. M. Wright. I feared that N. would want to start at once tired as she was and bring on an illness. But she was quite prudent and a second dispatch dispelled our fears saying that he was not dangerously hurt. I let Sashy paddle about barefoot among the pools in the granite ledges. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F3_p208.jpg) SUNDAY, JULY 17, 1898 To the Episcopal Church at Rockport by trolley. Sashy after much tremor went in with Tom and was as good as gold. In the afternoon we went by trolley to Gloucester and then to Bass Rocks where Tom and N. had found a beautiful beach. But after all we decided to stay here as the county round is what makes this so lovely and the shady trees while there it is all staring white sand and glaring hillside ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F3_p209.jpg) MONDAY, JULY 18, 1898 Sashy and I spent the morning at a little strip of beach at Rockport where I let him wade to his heart's content and wash shells. After dinner I wrote letters and then we all went to the rocks, and the rest bathed Sashy in a hewn out pool; the others beyond. I hardly got Sashy dressed before there came a downpour of rain. I sheltered a sweet young Virginian under my umbrella and she came to wait in the hotel parlour till the rain stopped She is a daughter of a late surgeon-general in the army, and is going to study medicine in our college, prepatory to a course at Johns Hopkins. It has turned to a rainy after- -noon but we have plenty of occupation. Sashy is pricking out letters on a paper ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F3_p210.jpg) TUESDAY, JULY 19, 1898 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F3_p211.jpg) WEDNESDAY, JULY 20, 1898 Walter Watts is at Camp Black: in the 201st Reg. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F3_p212.jpg) THURSDAY, JULY 21, 1898 Such a hot day in spite of the ocean breeze. V. Sashy and I started by the early train for the Isles of Shoals. changing cars at Salem. As we steamed out of Ports- mouth we passed Seavey's Island and saw the Spanish prisoners in their triangular pen. They were still in their white canvas suits and were washing things out in the sea. There are 400 sick among them, they say Dear Sabina looks much better, but is very weak, and reclines on her cushions most of the time. They were all delighted to see us. May and Hattie with their nice children are staying with them. Tom's fishing boat brought him in just in time to escape one of those terrible thunderstorms which are character- -istic of this summer. It rained all afternoon ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F3_p213.jpg) FRIDAY, JULY 22, 1898 Left Isles of Shoals under more favorable auspices: bril- -liant sky, sparkling sea and cool breeze. We had to wait an hour in Salem, so that it was after three when we returned. Really, our boarding-house rooms looked homelike when we returned. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F3_p214.jpg) SATURDAY, JULY 23, 1898 Clear cold and windy. Sashy and I walked to Cape Ann end, and also to the end of the trolley line before dinner, sitting on the rocks the rest of the morning. After dinner I took him on the trolley to Rockport beach. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F3_p215.jpg) SUNDAY, JULY 24, 1898 Such a dolefully rainy morning! Wrote to Helen. We went to the Episcopal Church again: very episcopi: while there the sun came out brilliantly so we were out of doors again all day, visiting twice some abandoned quarries filled with pools of deep clear water, and we also went out to what they call the Spouting Rock and watched the ocean. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F3_p216.jpg) MONDAY, JULY 25, 1898 Another foggy morning, but I suppose it will clear. Last night I dreamed of Selly lying ill upstairs in a house of Helen's: the night before of Tom and Harry. I wish I could oftener dream of them. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F3_p217.jpg) TUESDAY, JULY 26, 1898 Left Ocean View House Pigeon Cove in a fog, so that while we felt that our visit had been de- -lightful we also felt that it was a good time to leave. It rained in Boston and was very hot but we visited the public library and the museum of art, and left on the 6 o'clock train, catching the boat about 7.30. Sashy was so tired that he fell asleep in the station. Virginia brought us some sandwiches, as I could not accompany Tom and herself to supper. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F3_p218.jpg) WEDNESDAY, JULY 27, 1898 Such a fog on the Sound that our boat lay- for an hour. As Tom had to hunt a bicycle from Dan to Beersheba we got no breakfast till 9.30, but then it was a very good one. As it rained we went on at once to Phila, dined at the Bingham and spent the afternoon between the rains in riding on the trolley round the Park. Took the 8.50 train home. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F3_p219.jpg) THURSDAY, JULY 28, 1898 Reached home at 7 A. M. in a dank hot fog. Found a Syrian woman here who had come with a letter of introduction from Mrs Fritts and had been staying here a week. She had a lot of letters from people introducing her and passing her on. She claims to intend to be a medical missionary, but she did not produce her letters crediting her from Beirut, and I think she may be a fraud. I have bought one of her embroideries for $13.00 and given her $7.00 to pay her board in Smithport as I would not be instrumental in putting her off on Mrs Rich- -mond, to whom she intends to go next. I told her plainly that as our cook leaves tomorrow she could not be entertained longer. It took me most of the day to unpack, and arrange my bureaus. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F3_p220.jpg) FRIDAY, JULY 29, 1898 Got rid of Miss Sultana Nafy. The more I think of it, the more I feel as if I ought to write to Mrs Rich- -mond to insist on seeing her credentials. We did not like the girl, and perhaps I am more inclined to suspect her being a fraud, because I find she has splashed ink all over my pretty blue linen table cover, that I did not intend to be used except as an ornament. Nasty thing! Evan seems very much out of sorts and seems to feel as if he may have ulcers of the stomach. I hope that it is only dyspepsia from long continued anxiety and poor food, but that is bad enough. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F3_p221.jpg) SATURDAY, JULY 30, 1898 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F3_p222.jpg) SUNDAY, JULY 31, 1898 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F3_p223.jpg) MONDAY, AUGUST 1, 1898 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F3_p224.jpg) TUESDAY, AUGUST 2, 1898 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F3_p225.jpg) WEDNESDAY, AUGUST 3, 1898 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F3_p226.jpg) THURSDAY, AUGUST 4, 1898 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F3_p227.jpg) FRIDAY, AUGUST 5, 1898 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F3_p228.jpg) SATURDAY, AUGUST 6, 1898 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F3_p229.jpg) SUNDAY, AUGUST 7, 1898 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F3_p230.jpg) MONDAY, AUGUST 8, 1898 Left our delightful nest at Chautauqua at 7.20 A. M. Evan and my precious Sashy met us, at Corry. All well but Evan's hospital worrying him as usual. Virginia Tom and their babies left for Michigan at 7 A. M. Lila and I left for Chautauqua on the noon train. We went to Mrs Chadwick's No 66 North Lake Front where we had a very lovely nest. We board at the Belvedere ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F3_p231.jpg) TUESDAY, AUGUST 9, 1898 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F3_p232.jpg) WEDNESDAY, AUGUST 10, 1898 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F3_p233.jpg) THURSDAY, AUGUST 11, 1898 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F3_p234.jpg) FRIDAY, AUGUST 12, 1898 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F3_p235.jpg) SATURDAY, AUGUST 13, 1898 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F3_p236.jpg) SUNDAY, AUGUST 14, 1898 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F3_p237.jpg) MONDAY, AUGUST 15, 1898 Left Chautauqua at 7.20 A. M. reached home at eleven, Evan and Sashy meeting us at Corry. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F3_p238.jpg) TUESDAY, AUGUST 16, 1898 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F3_p239.jpg) WEDNESDAY, AUGUST 17, 1898 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F3_p240.jpg) THURSDAY, AUGUST 18, 1898 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F3_p241.jpg) FRIDAY, AUGUST 19, 1898 Our annual W. C. T. U. election, and pretty much as a matter of course I was re-elected Presi- -dent. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F3_p242.jpg) SATURDAY, AUGUST 20, 1898 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F3_p243.jpg) SUNDAY, AUGUST 21, 1898 Evan and Lila have a beautiful day for Chau- -tauqua. Catherine had cramps nearly all night, and Tom was out for four hours with a man who was mashed to death in the cut below our old home. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F3_p244.jpg) MONDAY, AUGUST 22, 1898 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F3_p245.jpg) TUESDAY, AUGUST 23, 1898 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F3_p246.jpg) WEDNESDAY, AUGUST 24, 1898 Had Mrs Curtis to supper and spend the afternoon ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F3_p247.jpg) THURSDAY, AUGUST 25, 1898 Had I ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F3_p248.jpg) FRIDAY, AUGUST 26, 1898 Finished my paper on The Temple ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F3_p249.jpg) SATURDAY, AUGUST 27, 1898 I was about with Tom and marketing etc, and busily writing a good part of the day, wrote to Mary Field and Mrs Burnett among others ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F3_p250.jpg) SUNDAY, AUGUST 28, 1898 A slight frost, not enough to hurt anything and such a brilliant day. Little waitress Jenny had her hands full as Ida was away and Zella instead of returning yesterday staid on, her baby not feeling well. Elisha therefore came in also after the morning services at Kushequa. We had after all only 9 at table but it kept us busy to feed them. Catherine dressed the salad and I adorned the cold meat with nasturtium leaves and blossoms. Poor Wilson preached a good sermon. Evan has to have an early breakfast for all as he and Tom, Lila and Woodbury are all going to an operation for appendicitis on Miss Ellithorp's young sister. Evan fears she will die as their family thought she had typhoid. Wrote to Mrs Stevenson for informa -tion about the Temple Trust Bonds ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F3_p251.jpg) MONDAY, AUGUST 29, 1898 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F3_p252.jpg) TUESDAY, AUGUST 30, 1898 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F3_p253.jpg) WEDNESDAY, AUGUST 31, 1898 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F3_p254.jpg) THURSDAY, SEPTEMBER 1, 1898 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F3_p255.jpg) FRIDAY, SEPTEMBER 2, 1898 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F3_p256.jpg) SATURDAY, SEPTEMBER 3, 1898 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F3_p257.jpg) SUNDAY, SEPTEMBER 4, 1898 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F3_p258.jpg) MONDAY, SEPTEMBER 5, 1898 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F3_p259.jpg) TUESDAY, SEPTEMBER 6, 1898 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F3_p260.jpg) WEDNESDAY, SEPTEMBER 7, 1898 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F3_p261.jpg) THURSDAY, SEPTEMBER 8, 1898 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F3_p262.jpg) FRIDAY, SEPTEMBER 9, 1898 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F3_p263.jpg) SATURDAY, SEPTEMBER 10, 1898 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F3_p264.jpg) SUNDAY, SEPTEMBER 11, 1898 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F3_p265.jpg) MONDAY, SEPTEMBER 12, 1898 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F3_p266.jpg) TUESDAY, SEPTEMBER 13, 1898 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F3_p267.jpg) WEDNESDAY, SEPTEMBER 14, 1898 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F3_p268.jpg) THURSDAY, SEPTEMBER 15, 1898 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F3_p269.jpg) FRIDAY, SEPTEMBER 16, 1898 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F3_p270.jpg) SATURDAY, SEPTEMBER 17, 1898 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F3_p271.jpg) SUNDAY, SEPTEMBER 18, 1898 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F3_p272.jpg) MONDAY, SEPTEMBER 19, 1898 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F3_p273.jpg) TUESDAY, SEPTEMBER 20, 1898 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F3_p274.jpg) WEDNESDAY, SEPTEMBER 21, 1898 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F3_p275.jpg) THURSDAY, SEPTEMBER 22, 1898 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F3_p276.jpg) FRIDAY, SEPTEMBER 23, 1898 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F3_p277.jpg) SATURDAY, SEPTEMBER 24, 1898 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F3_p278.jpg) SUNDAY, SEPTEMBER 25, 1898 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F3_p279.jpg) MONDAY, SEPTEMBER 26, 1898 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F3_p280.jpg) TUESDAY, SEPTEMBER 27, 1898 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F3_p281.jpg) WEDNESDAY, SEPTEMBER 28, 1898 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F3_p282.jpg) THURSDAY, SEPTEMBER 29, 1898 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F3_p283.jpg) FRIDAY, SEPTEMBER 30, 1898 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F3_p284.jpg) SATURDAY, OCTOBER 1, 1898 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F3_p285.jpg) SUNDAY, OCTOBER 2, 1898 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F3_p286.jpg) MONDAY, OCTOBER 3, 1898 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F3_p287.jpg) TUESDAY, OCTOBER 4, 1898 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F3_p288.jpg) WEDNESDAY, OCTOBER 5, 1898 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F3_p289.jpg) THURSDAY, OCTOBER 6, 1898 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F3_p290.jpg) FRIDAY, OCTOBER 7, 1898 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F3_p291.jpg) SATURDAY, OCTOBER 8, 1898 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F3_p292.jpg) SUNDAY, OCTOBER 9, 1898 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F3_p293.jpg) MONDAY, OCTOBER 10, 1898 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F3_p294.jpg) TUESDAY, OCTOBER 11, 1898 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F3_p295.jpg) WEDNESDAY, OCTOBER 12, 1898 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F3_p296.jpg) THURSDAY, OCTOBER 13, 1898 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F3_p297.jpg) FRIDAY, OCTOBER 14, 1898 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F3_p298.jpg) SATURDAY, OCTOBER 15, 1898 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F3_p299.jpg) SUNDAY, OCTOBER 16, 1898 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F3_p300.jpg) MONDAY, OCTOBER 17, 1898 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F3_p301.jpg) TUESDAY, OCTOBER 18, 1898 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F3_p302.jpg) WEDNESDAY, OCTOBER 19, 1898 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F3_p303.jpg) THURSDAY, OCTOBER 20, 1898 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F3_p304.jpg) FRIDAY, OCTOBER 21, 1898 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F3_p305.jpg) SATURDAY, OCTOBER 22, 1898 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F3_p306.jpg) SUNDAY, OCTOBER 23, 1898 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F3_p307.jpg) MONDAY, OCTOBER 24, 1898 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F3_p308.jpg) TUESDAY, OCTOBER 25, 1898 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F3_p309.jpg) WEDNESDAY, OCTOBER 26, 1898 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F3_p310.jpg) THURSDAY, OCTOBER 27, 1898 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F3_p311.jpg) FRIDAY, OCTOBER 28, 1898 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F3_p312.jpg) SATURDAY, OCTOBER 29, 1898 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F3_p313.jpg) SUNDAY, OCTOBER 30, 1898 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F3_p314.jpg) MONDAY, OCTOBER 31, 1898 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F3_p315.jpg) TUESDAY, NOVEMBER 1, 1898 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F3_p316.jpg) WEDNESDAY, NOVEMBER 2, 1898 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F3_p317.jpg) THURSDAY, NOVEMBER 3, 1898 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F3_p318.jpg) FRIDAY, NOVEMBER 4, 1898 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F3_p319.jpg) SATURDAY, NOVEMBER 5, 1898 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F3_p320.jpg) SUNDAY, NOVEMBER 6, 1898 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F3_p321.jpg) MONDAY, NOVEMBER 7, 1898 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F3_p322.jpg) TUESDAY, NOVEMBER 8, 1898 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F3_p323.jpg) WEDNESDAY, NOVEMBER 9, 1898 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F3_p324.jpg) THURSDAY, NOVEMBER 10, 1898 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F3_p325.jpg) FRIDAY, NOVEMBER 11, 1898 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F3_p326.jpg) SATURDAY, NOVEMBER 12, 1898 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F3_p327.jpg) SUNDAY, NOVEMBER 13, 1898 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F3_p328.jpg) MONDAY, NOVEMBER 14, 1898 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F3_p329.jpg) TUESDAY, NOVEMBER 15, 1898 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F3_p330.jpg) WEDNESDAY, NOVEMBER 16, 1898 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F3_p331.jpg) THURSDAY, NOVEMBER 17, 1898 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F3_p332.jpg) FRIDAY, NOVEMBER 18, 1898 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F3_p333.jpg) SATURDAY, NOVEMBER 19, 1898 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F3_p334.jpg) SUNDAY, NOVEMBER 20, 1898 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F3_p335.jpg) MONDAY, NOVEMBER 21, 1898 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F3_p336.jpg) TUESDAY, NOVEMBER 22, 1898 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F3_p337.jpg) WEDNESDAY, NOVEMBER 23, 1898 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F3_p338.jpg) THURSDAY, NOVEMBER 24, 1898 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F3_p339.jpg) FRIDAY, NOVEMBER 25, 1898 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F3_p340.jpg) SATURDAY, NOVEMBER 26, 1898 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F3_p341.jpg) SUNDAY, NOVEMBER 27, 1898 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F3_p342.jpg) MONDAY, NOVEMBER 28, 1898 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F3_p343.jpg) TUESDAY, NOVEMBER 29, 1898 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F3_p344.jpg) WEDNESDAY, NOVEMBER 30, 1898 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F3_p345.jpg) THURSDAY, DECEMBER 1, 1898 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F3_p346.jpg) FRIDAY, DECEMBER 2, 1898 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F3_p347.jpg) SATURDAY, DECEMBER 3, 1898 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F3_p348.jpg) SUNDAY, DECEMBER 4, 1898 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F3_p349.jpg) MONDAY, DECEMBER 5, 1898 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F3_p350.jpg) TUESDAY, DECEMBER 6, 1898 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F3_p351.jpg) WEDNESDAY, DECEMBER 7, 1898 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F3_p352.jpg) THURSDAY, DECEMBER 8, 1898 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F3_p353.jpg) FRIDAY, DECEMBER 9, 1898 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F3_p354.jpg) SATURDAY, DECEMBER 10, 1898 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F3_p355.jpg) SUNDAY, DECEMBER 11, 1898 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F3_p356.jpg) MONDAY, DECEMBER 12, 1898 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F3_p357.jpg) TUESDAY, DECEMBER 13, 1898 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F3_p358.jpg) WEDNESDAY, DECEMBER 14, 1898 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F3_p359.jpg) THURSDAY, DECEMBER 15, 1898 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F3_p360.jpg) FRIDAY, DECEMBER 16, 1898 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F3_p361.jpg) SATURDAY, DECEMBER 17, 1898 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F3_p362.jpg) SUNDAY, DECEMBER 18, 1898 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F3_p363.jpg) MONDAY, DECEMBER 19, 1898 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F3_p364.jpg) TUESDAY, DECEMBER 20, 1898 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F3_p365.jpg) WEDNESDAY, DECEMBER 21, 1898 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F3_p366.jpg) THURSDAY, DECEMBER 22, 1898 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F3_p367.jpg) FRIDAY, DECEMBER 23, 1898 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F3_p368.jpg) SATURDAY, DECEMBER 24, 1898 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F3_p369.jpg) SUNDAY, DECEMBER 25, 1898 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F3_p370.jpg) MONDAY, DECEMBER 26, 1898 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F3_p371.jpg) TUESDAY, DECEMBER 27, 1898 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F3_p372.jpg) WEDNESDAY, DECEMBER 28, 1898 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F3_p373.jpg) THURSDAY, DECEMBER 29, 1898 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F3_p374.jpg) FRIDAY, DECEMBER 30, 1898 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F3_p375.jpg) SATURDAY, DECEMBER 31, 1898 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F3_p376.jpg) MEMORANDA ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F3_p377.jpg) MEMORANDA ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F3_p378.jpg) MEMORANDA ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F3_p379.jpg) CASH ACCOUNT. JANUARY. DATE. RECEIVED. PAID. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F3_p380.jpg) CASH ACCOUNT. FEBRUARY. DATE. RECEIVED. PAID. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F3_p381.jpg) CASH ACCOUNT. MARCH. DATE. RECEIVED. PAID. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F3_p382.jpg) CASH ACCOUNT. APRIL. DATE. RECEIVED. PAID. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F3_p383.jpg) CASH ACCOUNT. MAY. DATE. RECEIVED. PAID. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F3_p384.jpg) CASH ACCOUNT. JUNE. DATE. RECEIVED. PAID. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F3_p385.jpg) CASH ACCOUNT. JULY. DATE. RECEIVED. PAID. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F3_p386.jpg) CASH ACCOUNT. AUGUST. DATE. RECEIVED. PAID. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F3_p387.jpg) CASH ACCOUNT. SEPTEMBER. DATE. RECEIVED. PAID. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F3_p388.jpg) CASH ACCOUNT. OCTOBER. DATE. RECEIVED. PAID. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F3_p389.jpg) CASH ACCOUNT. NOVEMBER. DATE. RECEIVED. PAID. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F3_p390.jpg) CASH ACCOUNT. DECEMBER. DATE. RECEIVED. PAID. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F3_p391.jpg) BILLS PAYABLE. JANUARY. DATE. NAME. DOLLS. CTS. Receivable. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F3_p392.jpg) BILLS PAYABLE. FEBRUARY. DATE. NAME. DOLLS. CTS. Receivable. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F3_p393.jpg) BILLS PAYABLE. MARCH. DATE. NAME. DOLLS. CTS. Receivable. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F3_p394.jpg) BILLS PAYABLE. APRIL. DATE. NAME. DOLLS. CTS. Receivable. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F3_p395.jpg) BILLS PAYABLE. MAY. DATE. NAME. DOLLS. CTS. Receivable. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F3_p396.jpg) BILLS PAYABLE. JUNE. DATE. NAME. DOLLS. CTS. Receivable. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F3_p397.jpg) BILLS PAYABLE. JULY. DATE. NAME. DOLLS. CTS. Receivable. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F3_p398.jpg) BILLS PAYABLE. AUGUST. DATE. NAME. DOLLS. CTS. Receivable. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F3_p399.jpg) BILLS PAYABLE. SEPTEMBER. DATE. NAME. DOLLS. CTS. Receivable. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F3_p400.jpg) BILLS PAYABLE. OCTOBER. DATE. NAME. DOLLS. CTS. Receivable. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F3_p401.jpg) BILLS PAYABLE. NOVEMBER. DATE. NAME. DOLLS. CTS. Receivable. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F3_p402.jpg) BILLS PAYABLE. DECEMBER. DATE. NAME. DOLLS. CTS. Receivable. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F5_p003.jpg) WARD'S "A LINE A DAY" BOOK. A Condensed, Comparative Record For Five Years. "Nulla dies sine linea." (No day without a line.) PUBLISHED FOR THE TRADE. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F5_p004.jpg) Copyrighted 1892 BY SAMUEL WARD COMPANY, BOSTON, MASS. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F5_p005.jpg) PREPATORY YOU have neither the time nor the inclination, possibly, to keep a full diary. Suppose, however, out of the multitude of matters that crowd each day, you jot down in a line or two those most worthy of remembrance. Such a book will be of the greatest value in after years. What a record of events, incidents, joys, sorrows, successes, failures, things accomplished, things attempted. This book is designed for just such a record. It can be com- menced at any day of the year, and is so printed that it is good for any five years. To illustrate how it should be used, suppose that it is begun on January 1. Under that day, in the first space, add the proper figure for the year to the date as printed. On the next day, January 2, do likewise, and so on through the year. When the year is ended begin again under January 1 for the second year, adding the appropriate figure in each of the second spaces, and so right through the remaining years. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F5_p007.jpg) JANUARY 1 1908 Daytona, Florida This book was sent me for a Xmas gift by my dear Virginia, who died Dec. 24th of pneumonia and pleurisy, leaving her husband and four children. 1909 I hope this will be a better year, to begin with dear Elisha hired a type writer and I can manage so much better than with this slow left hand Wrote two letters, went to church on foot. I can walk though with pain nearly 3/4 of a mile. 190 190 190 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F5_p008.jpg) JANUARY 2 1908 Tom places 3 children in school here. Weather fine but damp. 1909 Saturday. Washington Tom return ed from Kane this A. M. and I succeed in climbing the step of a car wr[--] his keep. Wrote to Theresa on the [---] writer. Heard of dear Florence's safety at [---] 190 190 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F5_p009.jpg) JANUARY 3 1908 Tom had to go to Oklahoma 1909 Sunday. Church of the Covenant sermon for the New Year-good for people with years ahead of them, Wrote to Helen and Mrs Quigley. 190 190 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F5_p010.jpg) JANUARY 4 190 1909 Monday. Left Washington at 7.35 P.M. 190 190 190 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F5_p011.jpg) JANUARY 5 190 1909 Tuesday Reached Belaski Hotel Savan -nah about 2 P. M. Hotel old and shared mouldiness of neighborhood. Tom went on vain search for boarding house. Nice ones full. 190 190 190 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F5_p012.jpg) JANUARY 6 1908 Rainy day. L. & T ventured out on errand drive but had to turn back. All the children. and Evan soaked. 1909 Wednesday. Renewed search for boarding house proving vain [---] came to the De Soto; also took a drive Tom wrote to Helen for me. 190 190 190 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F5_p013.jpg) JANUARY 7 1908 Forlorn all day. There is a N. W. storm and the wind blew too much for me. 1909 Another lovely day, before breakfast but clouded over and grew cold and we had a ridiculous trip to the Isle of Hope. 190 190 190 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F5_p014.jpg) JANUARY 8 1908 Good for nothing today: heart oppressed by wind! Truly romantic, but grief will take that form, and anxiety about Helen Watts. 1909 Raw here–terribly cold in the North. More earthquakes at Messina Tom left in the evening. 190 190 190 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F5_p015.jpg) JANUARY 9 1908 This is Archie's birthday: clear and cold. Lila's left hand useless from nerve strain while bicycling. Wrote Helen and Mrs Conover. Sashy's tooth capped. ($5) 1909 Saturday. Weather gray but war- -mer. Wrote C.M.E.B. & Sashy. Miss M. bought a peacock blue satin. No news from home. 190 190 190 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F5_p016.jpg) JANUARY 10 Friday 1908 Storm over. Southern Pines idea aban- -doned to my joy. 1909 Communion Sunday. Wrote to Helen enclosing $300 lest she should need to go South. Repeated so many hymns that I couldn't sleep. 190 190 190 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F5_p017.jpg) JANUARY 11 190 1909 Monday Wrote to both Elishas and Mr Shelley. Warm lovely day. 190 190 190 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F5_p018.jpg) JANUARY 12 190 1909 Took out "Castle Richmond" from Savannah Library. Per- -fect day $900 from Citizens Gas Co. 190 190 190 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F5_p019.jpg) JANUARY 13 190 1909 Wrote on typewriter to Helen. Studied Spanish, quizzed Miss Mitchell walked through cem -etery, lunched, slept. Rainy af- ternoon. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F5_p020.jpg) JANUARY 14 190 1909 Did nothing particular. Used this right hand in writing to Sashy. 190 190 190 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F5_p021.jpg) JANUARY 15 190 1909 Friday Took out moved "No friend like a Sister" and had a most loving letter from mine. Wrote to Lila and to Miss Averette Rather cloudy, relaxing weather. 190 190 190 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F5_p022.jpg) JANUARY 16 190 1909 Saturday Warm and fog- -gy. Sent my three sons each $1000, and $100 to Elisha for Father Kavanagh who is insane 190 190 190 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F5_p023.jpg) JANUARY 17 190 1909 A young man I was interested in last Sunday, joined the church today. I was so glad! Wrote to Theresa, Helen and Sashy. 190 190 190 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F5_p024.jpg) JANUARY 18 190 1909 Cool and sunny. Wrote to Sashy and Helen. 190 190 190 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F5_p025.jpg) JANUARY 19 1908 Sunday. Tom came back from Shawnee, coming into the Church as we sat there 1909 Tuesday. Lee's birthday celebrated. Rather too cold to sit out. Studied Span ish, wrote to Sash. enclosing cheque. Finished a horrid fleshly novel by Maur -ice Hewlett. "Half Way House." 190 190 190 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F5_p026.jpg) JANUARY 20 190 1909 Two walks this perfect day. Grateful letter from Tom. Dear Elisha's shows how welcomely needed his $1000 will be. Wrote to Helen. 190 190 190 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F5_p027.jpg) JANUARY 21 190 1909 Thursday. In the open air most of the day. Too warm for a wrap. Went with Miss M. to oculist, Dr. Chase. Wrote long, typed letter to Lila about Afternoon Teas. 190 190 190 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F5_p028.jpg) January 22 1908 Helen arrived at the Palmetto. 1909 Helen writes that Lena has gone to the Mercer Hospital Gill Wylie having over- -looked a rupture. – Ruth Lyre called. Florence writes from Taormina where she is nursing. Wrote to Miss Downey. 190 190 190 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F5_p029.jpg) January 23 190 1909 Sat. Not feeling well, weather too warm. Went with Miss M. to her oculist and to a stupid matinee which I had to leave. 190 190 190 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F5_p030.jpg) JANUARY 24 190 1909 Disappointing Sunday. Although able to go to morning church was too sick to go out to the library and to evenin church. Yellow Jessamine in bloom 190 190 190 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F5_p031.jpg) JANUARY 25 190 1909 Monday Diarrh[--]a so bad through the night that I stayed abed. Miss M. telegraphed and we wrote home. Tom will start tonight. Found I could do tatting. Better by evening 190 190 190 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F5_p032.jpg) JANUARY 26 190 1909 Tuesday. Much better, but Tom has started on the alarm of the telegram. Didn't go out, as the weather was oppressive Wrote home 190 190 190 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F5_p033.jpg) JANUARY 27 1908 Evan left for home on a false alarm about Zella. 1909 Wendesday. Pleasantly cool, wrote home and to Helen: walked to the park and sat there finishing Trollope's John Caldigate. 190 190 190 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F5_p034.jpg) JANUARY 28 190 1909 Thursday. Much colder but very pleasant. Tom came and we arranged to start on Saturday Eve. Wrote Sashy Elisha and Kq. children. Telegraphed Helen. 190 190 190 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F5_p035.jpg) JANUARY 29 190 1909 Cloudy & rain threatening. Tom and I had a pleasant "Seeing Savannah" ride in the morning and in the P. M. I wrote a long letter to Lila. Had Miss Ruth Lyte to dinner Cold wind came up at night. 190 190 190 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F5_p036.jpg) JANUARY 30 1908 Cold and forbiding weather. Helen spent the morning here at Ruger Cottage. 1909 Sat. "The storm wind Eur[-]ydon" over all the country: very cold and fiercely blowing here. We leave this eve. for Cali- -fornia. Wrote to Helen. 190 190 190 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F5_p037.jpg) JANUARY 31 1908 Ordered white goods from Wanamaker 1909 Board of Education Delayed at Jesup: delayed all Sunday at Atlanta by effect of storm in broken engines: icy gate 190 190 190 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F5_p038.jpg) FEBRUARY 1 190 1909 Delayed again till afternoon at Birmingham. I didn't feel like visiting a wonderful foundry 190 190 190 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F5_p039.jpg) FEBRUARY 2 190 1909 Comparatively short delay at Kan- -sas City and Tom was fortunately able to secure places for us on a Pullman. 190 190 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F5_p040.jpg) FEBRUARY 3 190 1909 Reached Albuquerque in the evening. Sybil there to meet us. Went to bed promptly 190 190 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F5_p041.jpg) FEBRUARY 4 190 1909 Thursday– Not feeling very well. Miss M. & I took a walk before a rain mingled with sleet set in. Various Wrights called, and Carroll an[-] wife dined with us. They have a lovely baby. 190 190 190 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F5_p042.jpg) FEBRUARY 5 190 1909 Friday, - I felt miserably, but as this was Tom's last day with Sybil, didnt tell him. Couldn't stand the high altitude. Bronchitis 190 190 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F5_p043.jpg) FEBRUARY 6 190 1909 Saturday. Leaving A. at night I stayed in my berth all day. 190 190 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F5_p044.jpg) FEBRUARY 7 190 1909 Arrived in Los Angeles Sunday morn -ing. The train was 2 hrs late so they breakfasted at 8. Bernardino. It was raining here and the Arrogo Seco soon became a torrent that washed RR. bridges away. Tom was quite cast [---] 190 190 190 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F5_p045.jpg) FEBRUARY 8 1909 Monday at Los A. The sun shone and Tom scoured the town till he found quarters for us in the Abbotsford Inn to which he removed us from the vile Hollenbeck. This is a roomy place 190 originally built for a Ladies' College with an immense central hall once designed for a gymnasium. We have 2 bedrooms, bathroom and a big sunny sitting room. 190 190 190 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F5_p046.jpg) FEBRUARY 9 190 1909 Tuesday Rainy part of the day. Tom kept me abed all day - no. I was up a while in the P.M. He brot Dr. Mark Miller to see me. 190 190 190 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F5_p047.jpg) FEBRUARY 10 190 1909 Wednesday Another rainy day. There's a tremendous storm all over the U.S. Am much better: up and dressed. Typed to Helen 190 190 190 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F5_p048.jpg) FEBRUARY 11 1909 Thursday. Abbotsford Inn Los Angeles. Woke to another rainy day. Am reading Mary Johnston's "Lewis Rand" an interesting story of Aaron Burr's times. Tom is typing (1909) to Evan. The blizzard contin -ues in the East and so far no letters from home. 190 190 190 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F5_p049.jpg) FEBRUARY 12 190 1909 More rain! Tom has letters on business but no letters from the family. In the after- -noon the streets were flooded and then the sun came out. 190 190 190 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F5_p050.jpg) FEBRUARY 13 190 1909 Los A. Beautiful day. We spent two hours in the touring car and I was tired out. 190 190 190 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F5_p051.jpg) FEBRUARY 14 190 1909 Los A. A lovely Sunday Two services (one Communion) at the Congregational Church. 190 190 190 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F5_p052.jpg) FEBRUARY 15 190 1909 Our hotel, the Abbotsford Inn, is most extraordinary. 190 190 190 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F5_p053.jpg) FEBRUARY 16 190 1909 Tuesday. A delightful day seeing Pasadena. 190 190 190 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F5_p054.jpg) FEBRUARY 17 190 1909 Miserable day in a fog at sea from San Pedro to La Joll[-] San Diego. 190 190 190 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F5_p055.jpg) FEBRUARY 18 190 1909 Foggy, but couldn't resist taking Tom to our Park Lots We are at a charming Hotel Robinson, at First Third & Fourth Sts. 190 190 190 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F5_p056.jpg) FEBRUARY 19 190 1909 Thursday – Beautiful day at La Jolla. Thought much of dear Virginia and little Blanche. 190 190 190 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F5_p057.jpg) FEBRUARY 20 190 1909 La Jolla yesterday was a dream of loveliness. Tom has gone fishing to day. I'm going to hair washing, library and shopping. Clouded in the afternoon and storm of rain followed. 190 190 190 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F5_p058.jpg) FEBRUARY 21 1908 Left Ruger's with Miss Bu[-]kley and felt very blue 1909 Sunday. San Diego, Alternate clouds and sunshine. Tom had a rough time yesterday. 190 190 190 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F5_p059.jpg) FEBRUARY 22 1908 Hotel decorated for Washington's birthday. 1909 Monday – Coronado Beach. Took a Miss Miles as guest. Breakers fine. 190 190 190 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F5_p060.jpg) FEBRUARY 23 1908. Gooden drove me to church and to dinner at the cottage. After dinner Tom wheeled me to the Wilder trail Evan and Lila walking. I strolled on it a little, then Tom wheeled me back and they sang hymns till supper. At 7 Gooden took me over to church T.& L[--]per accompanying on their wheels. I felt very sad. 1909 Tuesday. Delightful day at Loma land. Guide polite on a/c of my loan of lot and mention of Dr. Mac Alpin. Miss Miles of Tacoma our guest. 190 190 190 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F5_p061.jpg) FEBRUARY 24 1908 The family left for Southern Pines I walked with Helen but it was too far for my legs. Also drove to see family off. 1908 They missed connections and had to stay all night at the Windle, Jackson- -ville. H heated us to Moving Pictures 1909 Beautiful weather at San Diego. Park lots worth more than double what I paid. 190 190 190 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F5_p062.jpg) FEBRUARY 25 1908 They missed connections and had to go to a hotel in "Jac." for the night. Letter from Dr Woodbury lets me know of the hospital imbroglio. 1909 Thursday Again at La Jolla, but it was rather cold on the cliff so I had to adjourn to the library, where I read a magazine or so for two hours. 190 190 190 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F5_p063.jpg) FEBRUARY 26 1908 Rained in the night. Tom writes that he and three children spent yesterday in Jacksonville. Took Mr. Rice to Wilder's Ranch. Wrote Dr. Woodbury 1909 Called on Mrs Jessie Mr Alpin at [-]ois bookstore. Read awhile in Library. From 1 to 5 in Tallyho visiting Mission Valley. Sad closing of useful Indian schools. – Letter from Evan describing Sashy's breakdown 190 190 190 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F5_p064.jpg) FEBRUARY 27 1908 Clear & cold. My leg is swollen so that I am debarred from walking, so indoors all day. Tom telegraphed me that they were ready for me. 1909 Saturday. Tom off early with [-]anda[-] Burnham to Chula Vista. I had a walk from Nutmeg St with Tom who took views. He and Miss M. took swim in the afternoon. Wrote [---] to Evan 190 190 190 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F5_p065.jpg) FEBRUARY 28 1908 Very cold N. wind. Tel. that I wouldn't reach S. P. till Saturday week; must go to dentist. 1909 The College Board – Sunday. Warm and lovely. 190 190 190 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F5_p066.jpg) FEBRUARY 29 1908 Cold still. Letter from Alida at Valley Ranch Pecos N. M. Finished blue basket walked to library. Sunday Sunshine grew fine in the south piazza 1909 <(28th)> Good sermon (though I didn't quite agree,) at Pres. church. In the evening heard interminable lecture of Katherine Tingley. 190 190 190 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F5_p067.jpg) MARCH 1 1908 A little warmer this Sunday. 1909- Monday. Went out on the Cuya -maca RR. to Lakeside passing Spring Valley, La Mesa and El Cajon. Left Tom to inspect Spring Valley 190 190 190 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F5_p068.jpg) MARCH 2 1908. Delightful. Called on Mrs Stout Marsh, Esch and Young. Mrs E gave me a spray of orange blossom. 1909 Trip to Chula Vista – a lovely place. 190 190 190 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F5_p069.jpg) MARCH 3 1908 Lovely. Settled with Miss B. Ruger, Ice Co. Dagtome, K.G.L&H Co. Wrote Zella and Mrs Dana Leg a good deal swollen 1909 San Diego – La Jolla for the last time? Very lovely. Met a pleasant Mrs Fulton now of Sta. Barbara – formerly of Germantown. Read Ma[---] Prisoner 190 190 190 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F5_p070.jpg) MARCH 4 1908 Ash Wednesday. Much cooler: can't walk to church: wrote to Tom, Elisha, Lila, Alida Sims & YMCA Secretary 1909 Thursday Rain at night beautiful Cloud effects of sunshine on Nutmeg, so Tom took three more views, Expect to leave San D. at 2.05. Delightful place, Due at 7.30 at Los A. 190 190 190 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F5_p071.jpg) MARCH 5 1908 Left dear Daytona with much regret and slept at Magnolia Hotel St A. Don't stay there again. 1909 Los Angeles. Stayed at the Lankers him our old Abbotsford having been ruined. Took a long tallyho drive 190 190 190 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F5_p072.jpg) MARCH 6 1908 Left St A. at 12.25. dined & lunched at Windsor Hotel, Jax, leaving at night. At St A. took a pleasant drive, visiting for the first time Garnett Park 1909 Los Angeles Persuaded Tom to go on the long Riverside drive alone yesterday. We pottered about till we left for Sta Barbara 190 190 190 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F5_p073.jpg) MARCH 7 1908 Reached Southern Pines at 10.22 A.M Lila and Sashy met us. Poor Helen found herself a half away, and we drove to find a better place in vain 1909 Sunday at Sta Barbara. Mas- carel Hotel, plain but comfortable, Pres. Church in morning C[--]g. Union at night Bad accounts of Therese and Sashy, heal[--] Wrote to him. 190 190 190 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F5_p074.jpg) MARCH 8 1908 Sunday. Drove to Cong. Church: very uninteresting sermon. The house here is very pretty and comfortable. 1909 Monday. Took the beautiful cliff drive but was rather chilled. Walked a great deal, and sat by the sea. Tom started for Oil Field in evening 190 190 190 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F5_p075.jpg) MARCH 9 1908 Very hot till afternoon when a Norther came. I think this place is entirely detestable. 1909 Data for today on next page. 190 190 190 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F5_p076.jpg) MARCH 10 1908. Turned very cold: walked from P.O. to Park Place. Helen dined here. Wrote to Mrs Dana. Bernie sick: all children have colds. Leiper's birthday: made Lila a collar. 1909 The Arnolds Hotel Prop. I took Miss M, and me a drive to Montecito in their auto before we lleft Sta. Barbara. Tom joined us on the train so we went on to Paso Robles. (This belongs to March 9). 190 190 190 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F5_p077.jpg) MARCH 11 1908 Gray & gloomy. Wrote Hemenway Boston Lila and I walked to Episcopal Church when we found a congregation of 5. It began to rain as we went to church and poured as we returned Bernie very wretched poor wee man. 1909 Spent night at Paso Robles. Tom went on an automobile drive on the 10th, but I was not feeling very well – Reached San Jose and found letters cutting our trip short us Tom must go to Hbg. to meet Com. on Appr[--]- [---] 190 190 190 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F5_p078.jpg) MARCH 12 1908 Lights went out and we had only a small lamp and a lantern for the evening. I walked to the library & back after a rest. It rained all night 1909 Friday Reached Regant's Hotel (bet. Powell & Mason) on Sutter St. San Francisco after a we[--] tramp, no one seeming to know where it was. We were up early, but Tom so early that the post office & d[---] weren't open so he was back too late [---] us to take a 9 o'clock train. I walked 6 squares in San Jose, rode over 2 hours in the car, and drove 2 hours in Leland Stanford grounds 190 190 190 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F5_p079.jpg) MARCH 13 1908 Sun trying to struggle out. — Out it came 1909 Coryza and flatulence made the day in San Francisco flat. Went with Miss M. to buy her green dress and lack waist – vain search for Helen's embroidery patterns. [-] Sutro Park by car in afternoon. Lying down, too. Wrote Sashy sent him birth day dollar & [-]ib 50 190 190 190 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F5_p080.jpg) MARCH 14 1908 Syb's birthday, sunny. wrote order for Oil, also Heminway, sem. $50. 5k. Bk. Evan and Tom arrived at 8 P.M. or rather 9. 1909 San Francisco. Sunday. Rode it seemed miles to reach a Pres. church. Remembering the earnest file a made at a little church at Spring Lake for help to rebuild the S. F. churches a mocking spirit spoilt my service as I saw the gorgeousness of this interior. On emer- ging I was ashamed to see that the building was finished in 1901! 190 190 190 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F5_p081.jpg) MARCH 15 1908 Sunday Very warm and windy: able to walk to church. 1909. S. Francisco, Monday. Feeling badly (flatu- nce, only I hope) but we drove all through Golden State Park, and walked through an interesting musuem. Lunched at The Ma[--]. Wrote to [---] in Spanish and to Miss Letchworth 190 190 190 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F5_p082.jpg) MARCH 16 1908 Another warm day. L's children are grippy and so is Alma. E. and L. were gone all day and this late PM: L tells me that they are all of E's family going home on Thursday 1909 San Francisco. Went to the Argorant in the evening. Hamil -ton dined with us. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F5_p083.jpg) MARCH 17 190 1909 On our journey. Enjoyed the splendid scenery Left San Fr. at 10. A M. 190 190 190 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F5_p084.jpg) MARCH 18 1908 Sashy's 14th brithday. Evan suddenly determined in the evening to take his family North on the 11.15 train and actually accomplished it! Terrible fires round us put out by back firing. Mrs St Pierre's child bitten by cross dog. 1909 The event of today's journey was the won derful crossing of the Great Salt Lake A light snow. Scenery beautiful past of the day, part dreary plains. 190 190 190 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F5_p085.jpg) MARCH 19 1908 Miss B. with raging headache. Strong breeze: otherwise very hot. Lee also bad headache. Thunderstorm at teatime, cut -ting off electrics so we had only the little lamps telephone wouldn't work either. 1909 Running past Cheyenne in a snow torm this morning. We passed the dreaded Sher man 8012 feet elevation while I was fast asleep, but I wasn't feeling well and went to bed after unch. Haven't felt well for several days: [---] 190 190 190 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F5_p086.jpg) MARCH 20 1908 Raw, rainy day. Tom very bad cold Evan's family will reach Kane in baddest weather, No electric lights: no anything here. Helen's ear aching badly still – over a week now 1909 Feeling better, enjoyed Iowa's rolling hills after the dreary plains. Reached Chicago at 1 P. M. took a Marshall Field bus to the store and after lunch [-]oatin the restroom and finished my sad book The Battle Ground and then waited for Tom to shop and Miss M. to meet friends. Left at 5.30. 190 190 190 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F5_p087.jpg) MARCH 21 1908 Ther *30. An inch of snow: Tom sick abed but really better than yesterday. 1909 Perfect day. Chicago had been so windy and cold, but the weather grew warmer all day. Reached Washington at 4.50. Tom had to go home at 7. We are in our old quarters at the Bancroft. 190 190 190 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F5_p088.jpg) MARCH 22 1908 Ther 33 and windless. Tom abed still, but much better so that both Miss B and I will go to church with Aunt H. and the children. Fine day cloudy in afternoon 1909 Awake much. Letter from Lila telling me that Archie was operated on for appendicitis on the 15th. I was greatly shocked as I fear that Evan's telegram sum moning Tom meant an abscess. After writing to Lila and Sashy I rode to the post office and started to walk back but nearly fainted and had to be helped to sit on steps of Riggs Bank and a gentleman drove us home in his auto 190 190 90 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F5_p089.jpg) MARCH 23 1908 Rained all night and rains today. T. quite willing to stay abed. Mrs. Nelson and Father Kavanagh called 1909 At the Bancroft. As it is still cold and windy I only walked in the vicinity of the house. Wrote long letter to Sashy, talled, read. 190 190 190 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F5_p090.jpg) MARCH 24 Tuesday 1908 Another rainy day. T. got up after breakfast. Wrote dun to Southern Express. 1909 Bancroft. Saved myself for an amusin matinee, John Drew in Jack Straw. Road down and walked up, Began to rain. Elisha and Zella appeared at night, the former gave dismal account of the proceedings before the Appropriation Co[-] 190 190 190 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F5_p091.jpg) MARCH 25 1908 Tom so well that he gave me a lovely drive to Lakeside. We are reading Count Hanni- bal aloud. 1909 Bancroft. Rainy this A.M. 190 190 190 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F5_p092.jpg) MARCH 26 Thursday 1908 Tom drove me to Pinehurst. Lots of money spent on it but not nearly so pretty as Lake View 1909 Elisha and Zella here, I didn't go out at all. 190 190 190 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F5_p093.jpg) MARCH 27 Friday 1908 Tom drove us to Butter's in the afternoon Helen so nervous that there was no pleasure. I was so tired that I lay on the sofa all evening while they finished Count Hannibal. [-]ound Rugers key 26. 528 1909 Stormy most of the day and I only took a little walk. Typed a long letter to Tom about Kq. Brick stock. 190 190 190 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F5_p094.jpg) MARCH 28 Saturday 1908 Quietly at home. Glorious breeze: walked with T & H. to Library. Took out E. S Phelps' "Walled In" and Tom took Howard Butler, Lee and Syb. to Lake View Miss Perry died of pneumonia. 1909 Sunday. Twice to church: long letter to Therese: short to Helen: heard of the burning of Am. No 5. 190 190 190 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F5_p095.jpg) MARCH 29 Sunday 1908. Slept well, H. Butler overnight: an ex- -cessively hot day: thermo.° on the piazza at P.M. 88°. Walked to church. Tom went [-]alking in P.M. 1909 Board of Systematic Giving $5. Miss M answering exam, questions, and as the cranky old elevator wouldn't work I had to stay a prisoner. Wrote to Catherine and Sashy. 190 190 190 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F5_p096.jpg) MARCH 30 Monday 1908 Cool change in the weather 1909 Cold with occasional flakes of snow. Wrote to Evan. Rode to do some shopping and rode back. Look yellow. Very dull day. 190 190 190 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F5_p097.jpg) MARCH 31 Tuesday 1908 Very warm. Walked to the dentist's with Tom in the morning: dull drive to Pinehurst in the afternoon. Tom left at 11 P.M. Miss [-]erry's funeral was to be at Greenwood this P.M. finished "Walled In." 1909 Wednesday clear & cold. Was only out to change my book for Marion Crawford's "Prima [-]onna." He is dying of pneumonia. 190 190 190 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F5_p098.jpg) APRIL 1 Wednesday 1908 Walked to church and library with Helen: pleasant day. Bess drank tea at Mrs Israel. 1909 Thursday. Elevator out of order as usual, so I just went to the "Dewey" 14th & L and engaged a room for tomorrow morning. Tom telegraphs that the [---] appropriation was defeated in committee. Elisha just came in to hear the bad news and to write. 190 190 190 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F5_p099.jpg) APRIL 2 1908 Wrote to Therese, Tom, & Lila. Walked to church in the afternoon with Helen Rain threatening. She seemed bronchitic 1909 Left "Bancroft" and moved to the Dewey [---]. Walked there. Rained in P.M. Wrote to [-]van and to Tom. 190 190 190 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F5_p100.jpg) APRIL 3 Friday 1908 Gray day: very much colder. Helen awake all night with asthma. 1909 Sat. Signed 2 deeds. Cloudy day. Are at The Dewey Went to National Musemuem Rained during our walk from the car. 190 190 190 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F5_p101.jpg) APRIL 4 Saturday 1908 Acknowledged deed to Otto Carlson. -ear and very cold as it is North. Helen much etter. 1909 Sunday - Went to church and lost our way in wind storm Attended gay concert in reception [-]oom 190 190 190 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F5_p102.jpg) APRIL 5 Sunday 1908 Helen wasn't better; in fact felt so smothered last night that we persuaded her to stay in bed this morning. 1909 Monday. Went to Franklin park and saw lovely Magnolia tree, Hyacinths and crocus in blossom Rode to church at 5 P.m. 190 190 190 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F5_p103.jpg) APRIL 6 Monday 1908 Warm again Helen much better Wrote Wanamaker, Sashy, Miss Page In the afternoon Helen had a train that was rather alarming but I hope it was indigestion. 1909. Tuesday bought pin for Dr. Hayes and tray for Sabinas wedding Colapsed on -ennsylvania ave. Rode home to hotel in cab. Much better this vening. Telegraphed to family at Kane 190 190 190 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F5_p104.jpg) APRIL 7 Tuesday 1908 Perfectly lovely day, but Helen weak and abed till dinner. Wrote Mrs Schuyler among others 1909 [---] All the family turned up; Drs T.L. and Evan on Kane & wife and Mr & Mrs Elisha K. and Sashy; Much improved. Dr. Dufson called 190 190 190 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F5_p105.jpg) APRIL 8 Wednesday 1908 Gray for rain but warm- Tom returned at night Helen much better 1909 - Thursday - Had a fairly com- fortable night, Patient stronger and leaves for Kane on the 7. P.m train Evan, Tom, Elisha, Zella, Lila and sashy have gone to matinee 190 190 190 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F5_p106.jpg) APRIL 9 1908 Finishing off affairs at Southern Pines to go to [---] tomorrow 1909 Good Friday- Stood journey very well from Washington to Kane but did not enjoy ambulance ride, A heavy snow storm this afternoon 190 190 190 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F5_p107.jpg) APRIL 10 1908 Spent on the journey from S. P. Very warm, raining through Virginia. Every thing greening. Helen improved right along. 1909 Sat. Miss Wilson releived Miss Mitchell last night, feel stronger to-day, Dr. Hayes called. Blizzard of snow most all day. 190 190 190 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F5_p108.jpg) APRIL 11 Washington 1908 Rainy night but beautiful windy weather. Tom expected to send his chil -dren off, but M. missed the train. Helen better. I waited round while T. and the children did things. 1909 Beautiful Easter Sunday. Sun shining and snow sparkling on ground, Mrs Kane willing to lie in bed on her back and listen to Easter service 190 190 190 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F5_p109.jpg) APRIL 12 Sunday 1908 Brilliant & windy. Accompanied Helen to a theatrical performance called St. Pauls Church, Tom's children left for home in the evening 1909 Monday - very windy day and decided to remain in bed Had a letter from Mrs. Watts. 190 190 190 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F5_p110.jpg) APRIL 13 1908 Beautiful day. Heard of terrible fire in Chelsea – At House of Representatives Beautiful weather 1909 Tuesday – Beautiful day A very heavy rain storm all afternoon and night 190 190 190 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F5_p111.jpg) APRIL 14 Tuesday 1908 Morning a failure, owing to missing [-]om at Senate. In the afternoon went with Tom to Arlington. He left on evening train Beautiful day. 190 Wednesday –Very cloudy day Sat up in chair 20 minutes gaining strength gradually Little Sybil Operated on at the Hospital. Miss Wilson left to day. 190 190 190 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F5_p112.jpg) APRIL15 Wednesday 1908 Rainy day. Wrote Tom Lila & Sashy and at 5 P.M. went to St John's Church with Helen. Our table mate violently ill with ptomaine poisoning, the doctor says 190 Thursday – Sat up in pain 30 minutes this AM and 1 hr this afternoon Dr. Tom informed Mrs. Kane of Sybils operation Sybil doing nicely. 190 190 190 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F5_p113.jpg) APRIL 16 Thursday 1908 Helen left on the 11 AM. train. She has been with me since Jan 22d and I will miss her dreadfully. 190 Friday - Sat up in chair 1 hr. this AM, and 1 1/2 hrs this afternoon – beautiful day Mrs Elisha Kane called. 190 190 190 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F5_p114.jpg) APRIL 17 1908 Wrote to the Press. Went to S. Pauls too late for all but the end of the sermon. Wrote Lila. In the afternoon to the Senate and no sooner got seated than we were all tuned out for Ex. session, so went to Congress, Library where I sat and read while B. looked round. Suffered tooth 190 Saturday – beautiful Morning Sat out on porch for 2 hrs. Mr. & Mrs Shelley called bid good-bye 190 190 190 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F5_p115.jpg) APRIL 18 Saturday 1908 So much toothache that I spent the morn- ing with Dr. Jerome Chase the dentist, getting rid of the filling put in by the man at S.P. Says he fears nerve is dying. It rained in the afternoon, and I felt exhausted so I read and sewed. Read Haggard's Stella Fregelius 1909 Sunday – Beautiful day but wind blew–high gale Out on porch for 2 hrs. Dr. Evan read French and spent evening Dr. Tom spent afternoon with Mrs. K. 190 190 190 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F5_p116.jpg) APRIL 19 1908 Easter Sunday. Bright & windy: no toothache went to Pres. Church in morning, good sermon wrote to Tom. 1909 Monday – Beautiful day. Mrs Tingley desires to buy m[-] corner lot on 4 & Ash streets Declined Too windy to go out on porch 190 Ra[-] 190 190 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F5_p117.jpg) APRIL 20 1908 Misery at the dentist's. He has three teeth under treatment, removing one gold cap and killing the nerve 1909 Raw day – Did not feel very well, Rained all after noon. Very Nauseated at 1 AM Feeling better this Pm. 190 190 190 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F5_p118.jpg) APRIL 21 1908 Fifty five years since I was married and Washington weather on my wedding trip was just like this. 1909 Miserable - Drizzle day Dr. Tom is [-] in plate men around. Meeting of Presby[-] here 190 190 190 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F5_p119.jpg) APRIL 22 1908 Wednesday – Dentist doing little but change temporary fillings. Rode out to Mount Pleasant after lunch. Perry telegraphed that my loan to him was safe! EKK3 6yr old 1909 Beautiful day - Out on [-]orch this a.m. But wind blow a great deal 190 190 190 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F5_p120.jpg) APRIL 23 1908 Little work done. Rode out to Soldiers' Home 1909 Beautiful day but cold Out on porch this Pm. for 2 hrs. Nauseated this evening. Dr. Evan changed Mid. and gave Hypo. in hip. 190 190 190 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F5_p121.jpg) APRIL 24 1908 Dentist hurt, but finished repairing Southern lines bad job and filled above decay on pet [---]! To Senate in P.M. No chance for Pres. [-] [-] ships. Sat in little park in evening. Bought books at Brentano's. 1909 Bright but raw – very weak this morning -tt up in bed 30 minutes. 190 190 190 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F5_p122.jpg) APRIL 25 1908 Saturday, Gray day. Rode all the way to Rockville, Md. on the trolley through Tenallytown. Elisha writes that he has tonsilitis. 190 Sunday. -- very windy Out on porch for few minutes this P.M. 190 190 190 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F5_p123.jpg) APRIL 26 1908 Beautiful weather. Sad accounts of washers by tornadoes in the South, and snow storm in England. Only went to church once it grew so warm. Ida H. here - confiding Wrote Mrs A.A. Clay and Mrs Clarence Ricketts 190 Monday - Odd fellows parade – out on porch for 2 hrs., very windy 190 190 190 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F5_p124.jpg) APRIL 27 Monday 1908 Dentist at 9.30. Filled roots of tooth from which he removed nerve. Wrote to Lila. He[-] almost unbearable in spite of breeze. 190 Tuesday- very stormy not feelling well Troubled with flatulence 190 190 190 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F5_p125.jpg) APRIL 28 1908 Rain last night makes it cooler. Dentist worked 1 1/2 hours on tooth and didn't finish. Met Tom on our return. Had lovely drive through Soldiers Home grounds. also saw Miss Fallon's photos. 90 Wed. – Rained this Pm very weak, remained in bed all day. 190 190 190 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F5_p126.jpg) APRIL 29 1908 Expect to go home tonight. Washington is lovely 1909 Thu. heavy snow storm this a.m. Operated on for Gall-bladder trouble at 10 a.m. very weak. 190 190 190 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F5_p127.jpg) APRIL 30 1908 Reached home in the beginning of a snowstorm. Poor Evan has grippe, yet went to Hazelhurst. Zella and Elisha went to the W.CTU Convention at Port Allegony 1909. Friday - rushing more comfortable Taking nourish- ment. Nauseated this a.m. 190 190 190 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F5_p128.jpg) MAY 1 1908 Such a May day! A violent snow storm. Evan was out all night at a confinement. Elisha spent the morning with me, and Zella the afternoon. Also wrote to Helen. 190 19 190 190 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F5_p129.jpg) MAY 2 1908 Snowstorm continuing, so of course I can't go out. Miss B. tidying up and I'm as cross as a wasp. 90 90 90 90 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F5_p130.jpg) MAY 3 1908 Snow still lying everywhere, and I'm shut up, and am so cross over having the enforced companionship of a nurse. 190 190 190 190 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F5_p131.jpg) MAY 4 1908 Bright clear & cold. Very busy all morning with a/cs. It warmed in the afternoon and I had a short drive with Tom. 190 190 190 190 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F5_p132.jpg) MAY 5 1908 Too cold and stormy for me to go to church. Wrote to Helen This entry belongs to Sunday. Went to Missionary Meeting in the afternoon with Lila at Mrs McCoys. 190 190 190 190 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F5_p133.jpg) MAY 6 Rains continue 1908 Beautiful and Tom drove me over his Davis field for half an hour. Helen has an attack of bronchitis. Miss B. cleaned Sashy's closet. Went to a W. C. T. U. recep- tion at Mrs Magowan's. 190 190 190 190 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F5_p134.jpg) May 7 Not out at all 1908 Went to Missionary Meeting in the afternoon; wrote lots of letters in the morning: put away finally all my old diaries for Evan. Storm woke me at 4. Rains continue. Wrote to M.H. Liddell 190 190 190 190 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F5_p135.jpg) MAY 8 Friday 1908 Still rainy this morning. Yesterday I overlooked Sashy's clothing. picking out and remarking some for [---]. Marked some of the Southern Pines sheets. Lila took me out on the errand drive in a pause between rains. Felt gloomy over Liddells Shakspere prospectives. 190 190 190 190 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F5_p136.jpg) MAY 9 1908 Saturday. Rainy dismal. Fear for the lower countries flooding: thunderstorms alternating with sleet showers. Wrote to Missionary about [---] on magazines 190 190 190 190 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F5_p137.jpg) MAY 10 908 Sun trying to struggle out: very cold for May, but hope to go to church. Election of elders at night, Tom, Mr. Tom McCoy and Mr. Stall. Somewhat stormy thanks to Charlie Hubbard. Jealous of EKK's going to Gen. Assembly 190 190 190 190 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F5_p138.jpg) MAY 11 1908. Mr Shelley called in the evening, and poured out a lot of trouble about his elders Hubbard and Hilborn. Tom took me a drive and I felt pretty well. 190 190 190 190 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F5_p139.jpg) MAY 12 1908 My birthday 72 years. T. took me a very rough drive, dear fellow, that tired me out, and I spent a couple of hours resting. He left for Michigan, and I wrote to C.M.EB. Zella sent me a tabouret. 1909 .Wednesday. Mother's last birthday. She gave presents to all her grandchildren [--]d. Some of them brought her some flowers. She was very sweet but very weak. Dr. Stockton came to see her. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F5_p140.jpg) MAY 13 1908 Just an errand drive, and sorting Mr Perry's letters and lounging filled up my time so that I only wrote a scrap letter to Helen and Miss B. forgot to mail it. 190 190 190 190 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F5_p141.jpg) MAY 14 1908 Thursday. Cloudy, L. having hair washed In the afternoon called on Mrs Shelley and went to Meth. Home Mission Convention: spoke a little also called on to make a prayer. Didn't harm me. Rain set in and rained all night 1909. Mother look very badly today. Sleeping heavily with her face drawn to one side. 190 190 190 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F5_p142.jpg) MAY 15 1908 Friday. Another wretchedly gloomy day. Held up in the afternoon and Lila drove me to Propers to get a heliotrope for Miss [---] then we walked to see Mrs [---]n who has pneumonia. I was very blue. Wrote to Helen 190 190 190 190 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F5_p143.jpg) MAY 16 1908 At last a warm bright day. Finished marking Southern Pines linen Lila and I drove about town. At dinner time came a violent thunderstorm. 1909. Sunday. Mother seemed half asleep all afternoon while I T.L.K.) read aloud to her. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F5_p144.jpg) MAY 17 1908 Sunday. A bright morning Quite good sermon. Drive with Evan and Lila in eveni afternoon. Wrote Helen and Tom 1909. Mother was a little strange in her talk. 190 190 190 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F5_p145.jpg) MAY 18 1908 Brilliant day. Wrote Henderson (S.S.) Wanamaker ordering lace, Hoskins, San Diego Union Fidelity $911.75. Miss Hilborn; visited Mrs. Gaffrey. Elisha here at night. 1909. Mother very weak and a little wandering. 190 190 190 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F5_p146.jpg) MAY 19 1908 Tuesday Rainy. Sash. & Willie were at Kq last night. 1909. Mother very weak but quite clear mentally. 190 190 190 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F5_p147.jpg) MAY 20 1908 Rainy, and I was affected with windy grief! Evan had tooth pulled. 1909 Mother weaker. 190 190 190 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F5_p148.jpg) MAY 21 1908 More rain. Tom came in Mt Jewett way. In the afternoon the sun came out and Tom drove me through the mud a really lovely drive on the Highland Road. Rain set in again at tea time. 1909. Mother s[--]k[--]g 190 190 190 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F5_p149.jpg) MAY 22 1908 Poured in the night. Lila took me an errand drive and in the afternoon we went to Mother's meeting. In the evening a concert & again pouring rain. 1909. Mother sinking fast. 190 190 190 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F5_p150.jpg) MAY 23 1908 Rain off for the present. Wrote to F. Perry about Lila's missing bond. In the afternoon had a long drive with Tom. 1909. Mother still sinking. Very sweet to all of us. 190 190 190 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F5_p151.jpg) MAY 24 1908 Beautiful Sunday morning. Evan out almost all night: s[-]me[-] here near Sergeant. Baccalaureate sermon. Drive with Evan family in P.M. 1909. Monday. Mother very low. Fell asleep at noon and never woke again. 190 190 190 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F5_p152.jpg) MAY 25 1908 Beautiful morning. Adj. meeting of Hosp Ordered five wreaths for Mem. Day. The number grows, alas! Nurses' banquet. Evan & Lila had to figure 1909 Mother died this morning. Very quietly at 7.a.m. Her sons and her two daughters'-in- law were with her. The other one is waiting for her. As are all she 190 loved so well. 190 190 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F5_p153.jpg) MAY 26 1908 Clear and very hot. Went in the evening to the Nurses' Commencem 190 190 190 190 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F5_p154.jpg) MAY 27 1908 Drove with Tom: wrote to Helen 190 190 190 190 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F5_p155.jpg) MAY 28 1908 Hot but breezy. Wrote to Helen: went to town, took long drive by 3131 with Tom. (this shd. be 27th) 190 190 190 190 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F5_p156.jpg) MAY 29 1908 Hot! Stamped & tied 40 RR. cards: ordered clothers for T's girls. T. and I found Lila's bond. 190 190 190 190 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F5_p157.jpg) MAY 30 1908 Memorial Day. Showery morning. Evan, Lila Tom and I with some children deposited the 5 wreaths. 190 190 190 190 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F5_p158.jpg) MAY 31 1908 Rainy thunderstormy 190 190 190 190 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F5_p159.jpg) JUNE 1 1908 Mrs Burnett all morning with a sad tale of distress. I only gave her $10. Evan took me a drive in the afternoon. Gertrude H[--]nell came back. 190 190 190 190 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F5_p160.jpg) JUNE 2 1908 Clear & cool. Missionary meeting with me to lead. 190 190 190 190 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F5_p161.jpg) JUNE 3 908 Beautiful day. Evan first noticed Sashy's tattoed hand. The poor children are having exams. for passing this week. 90 90 190 190 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F5_p162.jpg) JUNE 4 1908 Thursday. Elisha here Bd of Charities and Aud. Gen. want Tom out of Hospital so he will move offices at once 190 190 190 190 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F5_p163.jpg) JUNE 5 1908 Bess remains where she was, Arch. & Will go up one instead of the two grades they aimed at Lee got into High School on average of 81. 190 190 190 190 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F5_p164.jpg) JUNE 6 1908 I expect to pay a visit to Kq beginning today 190 190 190 190 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F5_p165.jpg) JUNE 7 190 [illegible line] 190 190 190 190 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F5_p166.jpg) JUNE 8 190 190 190 190 190 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F5_p167.jpg) JUNE 9 190 190 190 190 190 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F5_p168.jpg) JUNE 10 190 190 190 190 190 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F5_p169.jpg) JUNE 11 190 190 190 190 190 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F5_p170.jpg) JUNE 12 190 190 190 190 190 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F5_p171.jpg) June 13 1908 Returned from Zella's kindly home 190 190 190 190 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F5_p172.jpg) JUNE 14 1908 This evening dear Tom was made an elder. It was very solemn but at the close there was a violent thunderstorm and a tank struck. Everyone had to think of getting home. 190 190 190 190 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F5_p173.jpg) JUNE 15 1908 Raw & windy. Tom had a rather poor gas well on 3/31; no oil. He had to go to Erie to meet Sybil. I'm not feeling well. 190 190 190 190 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F5_p174.jpg) JUNE 16 1908 We expect Sybil McLandress today for a six weeks visit. I hope she may be a com- -fort to Tom. 190 190 190 190 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F5_p175.jpg) JUNE 17 190 190 190 190 190 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F5_p176.jpg) JUNE 18 190 190 190 190 190 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F5_p177.jpg) JUNE 19 190 190 190 190 190 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F5_p178.jpg) JUNE 20 190 190 190 190 190 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F5_p179.jpg) JUNE 21 1908 Sunday–Evan surprised me with Dr. Stockton who examined and couldn't find anything to account for my illness. Wonder if Ive got my codoe(-) 190 190 190 190 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F5_p180.jpg) JUNE 22 1908 Was moved downstairs. 190 190 190 190 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F5_p181.jpg) JUNE 23 190 190 190 190 190 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F5_p182.jpg) JUNE 24 190 190 190 190 190 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F5_p183.jpg) JUNE 25 190 190 190 190 190 190 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F5_p184.jpg) JUNE 26 190 190 190 190 190 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F5_p185.jpg) JUNE 27 1908 I'm somewhat better, but I think I've been very ill since I wrote in ink. That was on the 16th. I don't know what's the matter 190 190 190 190 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F5_p186.jpg) JUNE 28 190 190 190 190 190 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F5_p187.jpg) JUNE 29 190 190 190 190 190 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F5_p188.jpg) JUNE 30 190 190 190 190 190 190 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F5_p189.jpg) JULY 1 190 190 190 190 190 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F5_p190.jpg) JULY 2 1908 Feel a little better 190 190 190 190 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F5_p191.jpg) JULY 3 1908 Friday. I've taken a turn for the better de- cidedly. 190 190 190 190 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F5_p192.jpg) JULY 4 1908 God's fireworks all night I never heard a greater storm. Now the children are setting off their crackers, having been at it since 4.30 the gas well on 3/31 turned out so well that we sold the tract for as much as it had cost us. [In ink] H is at Latchworth Cottage Spring Lake N.Y. 190 190 190 190 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F5_p193.jpg) JULY 5 1908 A lovely breezy day. Communion Sunday but I couldn't go. I could eat a good dinner. 190 190 190 190 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F5_p194.jpg) JULY 6 1908 Very hot but I am improving 190 190 190 190 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F5_p195.jpg) JULY 7 1908 Haying 190 190 190 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F5_p196.jpg) JULY 8 190 190 190 190 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F5_p197.jpg) JULY 9 908 Cool and clear. I'm improving. Finished a note to Lila Cope 90 190 190 190 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F5_p198.jpg) JULY 10 1908 Heard from Christian Herald acknowledging $21. for Mont Cottage Rest for children. 190 190 190 190 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F5_p199.jpg) JULY 11 1908 Lovely day. Bathed myself and combed my hair, the first time since the 16th June. 190 190 190 190 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F5_p200.jpg) JULY 12 1908 Hot Sunday, but am much better. Sent $10 to For Miss. Coll. Lee with one of his headach[-] Sashy has one too, both eyestrain. 190 190 190 190 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F5_p201.jpg) JULY 13 190 190 190 190 190 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F5_p202.jpg) JULY 14 1908 We are having lots of thunder- -storms, but have splendid haying. 190 190 190 190 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F5_p203.jpg) JULY 15 1908 Wednesday Very cold but clear 190 190 190 190 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F5_p204.jpg) JULY 16 1908 Thursday. Cold & growing graduallly overcast. [--]Dade has carried off all the teams Tom had hired for his haying and I had quite a long drive in a vain search for others. Helen has sent a long letter and postals about Spring Lake 190 190 190 190 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F5_p205.jpg) July 17 1908 Friday. Rain threatens, and Tom has so much hay out! – He has engaged our rooms for Wednesday meet. 190 190 190 190 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F5_p206.jpg) JULY 18 1908 Tom got all his hay in , almost $900. worth 190 190 190 190 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F5_p207.jpg) JULY 19 1908 A beautiful but fatiguing drive down past the old Roos Farm on the Water Mill Road. Cool and pleasant Sunday 190 190 190 190 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F5_p208.jpg) JULY 20 1908 Monday. Preparing to go to Spring Lake 190 190 190 190 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F5_p209.jpg) JULY 21 190 190 190 190 190 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F5_p210.jpg) JULY 22 1908 Reached Phila an hour late, bore journey well. Rested in Colounade till the 3.25 train but was exhausted on reaching Spring Lake. 190 190 190 190 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F5_p211.jpg) JULY 23 1908 Spring Lake. Rained all night and land breeze so it's very hot, but I can hear the ocean. It's a fine hotel: the Wilburton 190 190 190 190 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F5_p212.jpg) JULY 24 190 190 190 190 190 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F5_p213.jpg) JULY 25 190 190 190 190 190 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F5_p214.jpg) JULY 26 190 190 190 190 190 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F5_p215.jpg) JULY 27 1908 I'm growing better rapidly. 190 190 190 190 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F5_p216.jpg) JULY 28 190 190 190 190 190 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F5_p217.jpg) JULY 29 190 190 190 190 190 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F5_p218.jpg) JULY 30 1908 Tom and Sybil left this morning. Helen Stockton and De L.V. R. Strong came over and paid a long visit 190 190 190 190 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F5_p219.jpg) JULY 31 1908 Fog this morning 190 190 190 190 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F5_p220.jpg) AUGUST 1 1908 Saturday. A regular Norther with wonderful waves: too high a wind for me to go out in my chair. Lila writes what she is going to take Sashy for this weeks to Chau- -tauqua 190 190 190 190 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F5_p221.jpg) AUGUST 2 1908 Sunday Miss B. went to 9 o'clock church It's a beautiful day. I've just finished the first nine chapters of Luke's Gospel, and am going to write to Tom. A Mrs Paxton from [-]rinceton introduced herself. 190 190 190 190 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F5_p222.jpg) AUGUST 8 1908 Sashy and Willie are to go to Chau -tauqua with Mrs Rupert today. I had hoped that Lila could go. 190 190 190 190 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F5_p223.jpg) AUGUST 4 190 190 190 190 190 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F5_p224.jpg) AUGUST 5 1908 Went to Asbury Park in Lena's auto, and Helen bought wool & silks for me. Wrote to Tom and Evan. A very hot day windy up with a north wind. 190 190 190 190 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F5_p225.jpg) AUGUST 6 1908 Stormy thundery weather Much damage done along the coast 190 190 190 190 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F5_p226.jpg) AUGUST 7 1908 Lena took us in her auto. a 2 hours ride which did me no harm Storm threatening 190 190 190 190 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F5_p227.jpg) AUGUST 8 1908 Quite a Watts reunion. Dear Carrie and [-]er Fred, and Walter came on for the week [--]d. Learn that C M Bell is very weak and forlorn. 190 190 190 190 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F5_p228.jpg) AUGUST 9 1908 Sunday. Rained all night and this morning there's a dreary rainfall. Mean to write to Sashy. Cleared in afternoon and I went to church – the first time since 26th April. 190 190 190 190 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F5_p229.jpg) AUGUST 10 1908 Today Tom must have started for Michigan with Sybil. 190 190 190 190 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F5_p230.jpg) AUGUST 11 1908 Helen went to Oceanport but I thought it too far for me, so went shopping instead 190 190 190 190 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F5_p231.jpg) AUGUST 12 1908 Had an auto. drive with Helen and Miss B. past Sea [-]i[-]t. In the afternoon just we started on our constitutional a rainstorm [--]me up. Sabrina is out with Lena's horse. 190 190 190 190 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F5_p232.jpg) AUGUST 13 1908 Very warm till a delightful breeze sprang up about 10.30. Miss B. sick abed and I walked to one of the seats on the board walk and sat there with H. Got no letters written as Sabrina and then H. and Lena were talking 190 190 190 190 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F5_p233.jpg) AUGUST 14 1908 Hot as possible this A.M. Have written a long delayed letter to Mrs Fritts also to Therese. 190 190 190 190 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F5_p234.jpg) AUGUST 15 1908 Very warm weather. Tom writes of storm on L. Michigan. Wrote to Lila 190 190 190 190 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F5_p235.jpg) AUGUST 16 1908 Sunday. Pleasant day. went to church in Lena's auto: rather queer sermon. Singing of hymns in the evening: wrote to the family 190 190 190 190 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F5_p236.jpg) AUGUST 17 1908 Had Cassie and N[-]llie G. to lunch: gave Carrie cheque unwilling to receive but very grateful. Wrote to the two Elisha's. Mrs. B. to Asbury 190 190 190 190 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F5_p237.jpg) AUGUST 18 1908 Tuesday Land breeze 190 190 190 190 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F5_p238.jpg) AUGUST 19 1908 Evan writes that I may stop the acupuncture. My, but I'm glad! Our on the board walk for an hour in spite of N.E. wind. Wrote Lila and Mrs Schuyler 190 190 190 190 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F5_p239.jpg) AUGUST 20 1908 Fog, but I've plenty of books and work 190 190 190 190 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F5_p240.jpg) AUGUST 21 1908 Miss B. complains of backache and doesn't want to run my chair today. 190 190 190 190 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F5_p241.jpg) AUGUST 22 1908 Saturday. Remitted cheques for 200. and 200 to Lila and Tom and K.G.L.H for 33.76 for deposit. Foggy storm. Wrote to Lila Cope declining to go to Saunderstown. 190 190 190 190 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F5_p242.jpg) AUGUST 23 1908 Sunday Land breeze. Feel cheerful over decision not to go to Cooperstown 190 190 190 190 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F5_p243.jpg) AUGUST 24 1908 Rode to Asbury in Lena's auto, but was too tired by the jiggling. Wrote to Catherine and to Evan and Lila. 190 190 190 190 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F5_p244.jpg) AUGUST 25 1908 Tuesday. Cold, and in the afternoon rainy. Finished my third scarf. Wrote a long letter to Tom and one to Elisha. Expec[-] Catherine tomorrow. 190 190 190 190 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F5_p245.jpg) AUGUST 26 1908 Terrible storm along the coast Nobody abroad. 190 190 190 190 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F5_p246.jpg) AUGUST 27 1908 Storm continues Catherine arrived 190 190 190 190 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F5_p247.jpg) AUGUST 28 1908 Sashy was to be examined today. My thoughts were much with him. Weather cold: wind high, waves tre- mendous. We went inland and saw pretty pine wood place 190 190 190 190 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F5_p248.jpg) AUGUST 29 190 190 190 190 190 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F5_p249.jpg) AUGUST 30 1908 Beautiful Sunday. Helen's birthday; [--]ave h[--] dog. Table napkin. 190 190 190 190 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F5_p250.jpg) AUGUST 31 190 190 190 190 190 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F5_p251.jpg) SEPTEMBER 1 190 190 190 190 190 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F5_p252.jpg) SEPTEMBER 2 1908 Acute attack of indigestion 190 190 190 190 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F5_p253.jpg) SEPTEMBER 3 190 190 190 190 190 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F5_p254.jpg) SEPTEMBER 4 1908 Better but not well. Saw [-]oloneys church, Tom driving or pushing me. 190 190 190 190 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F5_p255.jpg) SEPTEMBER 5 1908 Saturday. Land breeze: feel much better. Tom went with the children to Asbury Park in the afternoon, bathing very cold in the morning. He went with Lena to a theatre in Asbury in the evening 190 190 190 190 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F5_p256.jpg) SEPTEMBER 6 1908 Sunday Hard rain all night, and a rainy foggy day. Church in the morning: heard a touching sermon on "In my Father's house are many mansions." Minister a San Franciscan Dr. J.[-]. Moore. Home tomorrow. 190 190 190 190 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F5_p257.jpg) SEPTEMBER 7 1908 Journey passed pleasantly. G. and [--]'s wife, Lena and Aunt H. to see us off. As usual, Sabina was busied in amus- ing herself. 190 190 190 190 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F5_p258.jpg) SEPTEMBER 8 1908 Slept well: most cordially received at home where dear Tom had done all he could to make my room cozy. Wrote to Helen 190 190 190 190 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F5_p259.jpg) SEPTEMBER 9 1908 Beautiful day: did nothing in particular. Wrote to Zelia Green Rather hay-fevery after drive with Tom 190 190 190 190 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F5_p260.jpg) SEPTEMBER 10 1908 Another perfect day. Wrote to H. G. Clay whose wife is dead, and to Therese. 190 190 190 190 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F5_p261.jpg) SEPTEMBER 11 1908 Friday Beautiful weather con- tinuing. Tom gone to Roberts Lot. Magnificent aurora at night. 190 190 190 190 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F5_p262.jpg) SEPTEMBER 12 1908 Clear weather continuing and so dusty that I feared to drive as I have a cold. Fires everywhere. 190 190 190 190 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F5_p263.jpg) SEPTEMBER 13 1908 Sunday. Rain in the night, but not enough to do much good. went to church and Evan took me a short dusty drive. Cold [-]retty bad. 190 190 190 190 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F5_p264.jpg) SEPTEMBER 14 190 190 190 190 190 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F5_p265.jpg) SEPTEMBER 15 1908 Helen writes that she is in bed with asthma and bronchitis: is at Lena's. 190 190 190 190 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F5_p266.jpg) SEPTEMBER 16 1908 Wednesday. Spent two days a bed to dry up my cold and feel much better: Lila has a dressmaker here. Tom away at Cambridge Springs to the N.W. Med. Convention. Wrote to Helen. 190 190 190 190 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F5_p267.jpg) SEPTEMBER 17 1908 Drought continues all through this part of the U.S. Tom came back last night. I seem to have caught fresh cold. My income for months from K.G.H. has to go to pay the hospital gas bill, also E.KK's. 190 190 190 190 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F5_p268.jpg) SEPTEMBER 18 1908 Yesterday the whole air was thick with smoke of forest fires. drought con- tinues. Mothers meeting to be here 20 present. Helen Watts ill with asthma 190 190 190 190 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F5_p269.jpg) SEPTEMBER 19 1908 Sunday. A wet wind but the drought continues. Tom says all the fires that threat [--]ed N Kane wells and Elisha's mill are out. 190 190 190 190 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F5_p270.jpg) SEPTEMBER 20 1908 Heavy fog but no rain 190 190 190 190 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F5_p271.jpg) SEPTEMBER 21 1908 Drought continues. Tom [-]ent to [-]q about Water Tax Evan's noisy auto. arrived. It's too dusty for me to drive. 190 190 190 190 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F5_p272.jpg) SEPTEMBER 22 1908 Dry, dry, dry. Evan has a new automobile 190 190 190 190 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F5_p273.jpg) SEPTEMBER 23 1908 Drought still. Tom took Sashy in the [--]w auto to look at the fires and somehow the handle flew round and dislocated the boy's wrist. Tom set it at once but its very [-]ainful. T & E started for Mt J. and the [-]uto broke down by [---]man's. 190 190 190 190 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F5_p274.jpg) SEPTEMBER 24 1908 Lila gone to Convention. No rain yet. Miss B. goes and Mitchell comes Will miss B. very much 190 190 190 190 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F5_p275.jpg) SEPTEMBER 25 1908 No rain yet. Evan thinks that [--]e epiphyses in poor Sashy's wrist are broken but the swelling is too great to ascertain positively. Wrote Kitty Kean and Helen. 190 190 190 190 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F5_p276.jpg) SEPTEMBER 26 1908 Saturday. No rain here altho' there was a big snowstorm in Mon tana causing deadly destruction to two trains Bad news about David Magowan 190 190 190 190 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F5_p277.jpg) SEPTEMBER 27 1908 East raw wind but no rain yet. Trees losing all their leaves, everywhere lack of water and forest fires. Why, oh Heavenly Father distress thy children so! 190 190 190 190 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F5_p278.jpg) SEPTEMBER 28 1908 Rain at last: a good soaking rain, and cold weather. Bad news about Ther's financial condition. 190 190 190 190 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F5_p279.jpg) SEPTEMBER 29 1908 Clear cold & windy. Tom took me as far as the new High School: otherwise a very monotonous day. 190 190 190 190 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F5_p280.jpg) SEPTEMBER 30 1908 Clearer, colder and windier. Wrote to Helborn and to Helen. 190 190 190 190 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F5_p281.jpg) OCTOBER 1 1908. Thursday. Very well. 190 190 190 190 190 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F5_p282.jpg) OCTOBER 2 1908. Friday. Had a bum night and collapsed about 10 a.m. with acute appendicitis. Was operated on at 9.30 P M. Nurses Mme. Wilson and Mitchell. 190 190 190 190 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F5_p283.jpg) OCTOBER 3 908 Sat. Doing very well but [--]refened to stay in bed. Elisha came in evening. 90 190 190 190 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F5_p284.jpg) OCTOBER 4 1908 Sunday. Doing well but was not able to go to hear Mr. Shelly preach. 190 190 190 190 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F5_p285.jpg) OCTOBER 5 908. Monday. Slept badly last night. 190 190 190 190 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F5_p286.jpg) OCTOBER 6 190 190 190 190 190 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F5_p287.jpg) OCTOBER 7 190 190 190 190 190 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F5_p288.jpg) OCTOBER 8 190 190 190 190 190 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F5_p289.jpg) OCTOBER 9 190 190 190 190 190 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F5_p290.jpg) OCTOBER 10 190 190 190 190 190 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F5_p291.jpg) OCTOBER 11 190 190 190 190 190 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F5_p292.jpg) OCTOBER 12 190 190 190 190 190 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F5_p293.jpg) OCTOBER 13 90 90 90 90 90 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F5_p294.jpg) OCTOBER 14 190 190 190 190 190 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F5_p295.jpg) OCTOBER 15 190 190 190 190 190 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F5_p296.jpg) OCTOBER 16 190 190 190 190 190 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F5_p297.jpg) OCTOBER 17 190 190 190 190 190 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F5_p298.jpg) OCTOBER 18 190 190 190 190 190 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F5_p299.jpg) OCTOBER 19 190 190 190 190 190 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F5_p300.jpg) OCTOBER 20 190 190 190 190 190 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F5_p301.jpg) OCTOBER 21 190 190 190 190 190 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F5_p302.jpg) OCTOBER 22 190 190 190 190 190 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F5_p303.jpg) OCTOBER 23 190 190 190 190 190 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F5_p304.jpg) OCTOBER 24 190 190 190 190 190 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F5_p305.jpg) OCTOBER 25 1908 My first drive since my operation [-]van took me as far as the end of the raceway this gloriously warm lovely day. – Neil McCuen buried 190 190 190 190 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F5_p306.jpg) OCTOBER 26 1908 My first drive of any length with Evan rather tired me 190 190 190 190 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F5_p307.jpg) OCTOBER 27 1908 Drove with Evan round by the farther road across from Smithport to Wilcox Rd. 190 190 190 190 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F5_p308.jpg) OCTOBER 28 1908 Drove with Evan to N. Kane 190 190 190 190 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F5_p309.jpg) OCTOBER 29 1908 Too rainy to drive but before it began I walked to the stable arch and [-]arer to the front gate and back 190 190 190 190 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F5_p310.jpg) OCTOBER 30 1908 Lila took me a short drive over town and about the streets in the morn- -ing. Snowed in the afternoon enough to make snowballs. 190 190 190 190 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F5_p311.jpg) OCTOBER 31 1908 Snowing and blowing. Walked [---]rly to the stable arch and a little bit of the other drive. It's bitterly cold. 190 190 190 190 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F5_p312.jpg) NOVEMBER 1 1908 Gray and cold Sunday. FBK is to leave this PM. The children had a fine Halloween last night. Complaining of pain in right wrist. 190 190 190 190 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F5_p313.jpg) November 2 190 8 Attack of Arthritis in right wrist. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F5_p314.jpg) November 3 1908 Operated on for Arthritis of the right wrist an f[--] drainage made. 190 190 190 190 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F5_p315.jpg) November 4 0 0 0 0 0 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F5_p316.jpg) November 5 190 190 190 190 190 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F5_p317.jpg) November 6 190 190 190 190 190 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F5_p318.jpg) November 7 190 190 190 190 190 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F5_p319.jpg) November 8 190 190 190 190 190 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F5_p320.jpg) November 9 190 190 190 190 190 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F5_p321.jpg) November 10 190 190 190 190 190 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F5_p322.jpg) November 11 190 190 190 190 190 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F5_p323.jpg) November 12 190 190 190 190 190 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F5_p324.jpg) November 13 190 190 190 190 190 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F5_p325.jpg) November 12 08 0 0 0 0 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F5_p326.jpg) November 15 190 190 190 190 190 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F5_p327.jpg) November 16 190 190 190 190 190 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F5_p328.jpg) November 17 190 190 190 190 190 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F5_p329.jpg) November 18 190 190 190 190 190 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F5_p330.jpg) November 19 190 190 190 190 190 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F5_p331.jpg) November 20 190 190 190 190 190 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F5_p332.jpg) November 21 190 190 190 190 190 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F5_p333.jpg) November 22 190 190 190 190 190 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F5_p334.jpg) November 23 190 190 190 190 190 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F5_p335.jpg) November 24 190 190 190 190 190 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F5_p336.jpg) November 25 190 190 190 190 190 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F5_p337.jpg) November 26 190 190 190 190 190 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F5_p338.jpg) November 27 190 190 190 190 190 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F5_p339.jpg) November 28 190 190 190 190 190 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F5_p340.jpg) November 29 190 190 190 190 190 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F5_p341.jpg) November 30 190 190 190 190 190 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F5_p342.jpg) December 1 190 190 190 190 190 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F5_p343.jpg) December 2 190 190 190 190 190 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F5_p344.jpg) December 3 190 190 190 190 190 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F5_p345.jpg) December 4 190 190 190 190 190 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F5_p346.jpg) December 5 190 190 190 190 190 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F5_p347.jpg) December 6 190 190 190 190 190 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F5_p348.jpg) December 7 190 190 190 190 190 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F5_p349.jpg) December 8 190 190 190 190 190 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F5_p350.jpg) December 9 190 190 190 190 190 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F5_p351.jpg) December 10 1908 Ate supper with family With help walked up back stairs and down front stairs 190 190 190 190 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F5_p352.jpg) December 11 190 Went in sleigh from residence through 8 inches snow to P & G. station, Rode in car from 10 until 930 P.m. 190 190 190 190 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F5_p353.jpg) December 12 1908 Walked 5 blocks to Dentist and back. Then went to Bancroft at 7 P.m. in a cab. 190 190 190 190 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F5_p354.jpg) December 13 1908. Walked 10 blocks to and from Church, enjoyed music and sermon. 190 190 190 190 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F5_p355.jpg) DECEMBER 14 1908. Walked to Book store and [-]ubscribed for 2 books and bought postal cards. 190 190 190 190 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F5_p356.jpg) DECEMBER 15 1908 [-] 678.28 K. G L [-] A Co. 190 190 190 190 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F5_p357.jpg) DECEMBER 16 1908 Rain. Went to a dull and indecent matinée; a musical farce called The Girl Question 190 190 190 190 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F5_p358.jpg) DECEMBER 17 1908 Showery. Dentist as usual. 190 190 190 190 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F5_p359.jpg) DECEMBER 18 08 Finished Marie Corelli's [-]ook Holy Orders. Clear cold weather 0 0 0 0 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F5_p360.jpg) DECEMBER 19 1908 Walked to dentists and back_ [-]/3 of a mile each way. Also back from matinee 3 blocks more. Dentis hurt a great deal But slept well at night. 190 190 190 190 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F5_p361.jpg) DECEMBER 20 90 90 90 90 90 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F5_p362.jpg) December 21 190 8 Out a good deal: dentists and almost there again. 190 190 190 190 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F5_p363.jpg) DECEMBER 22 1908 Very raw: snowing. Dentist has [----]ed my very bad tooth tentative ly, but if it rains tomorrow the [-]erve must be killed. 190 190 190 190 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F5_p364.jpg) DECEMBER 23 1908 No dentist today or tomor -row. 190 190 190 190 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F5_p365.jpg) DECEMBER 24 1908 "And sadly fell our Xmas Eve." (-)ach trying to make-believe we (-)ere not thinking of Virginia. 190 190 190 190 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F5_p366.jpg) DECEMBER 25 1908 Washington. Made our Xmas displ[-] an my dear grandchildren sent me gifts my precious Sashy giving me 18. We went to St. Thomas Church. 190 190 190 190 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F5_p367.jpg) DECEMBER 26 1908 Tom treated Miss Dodson (V's elder ly cousin) to going to a matinee [-] Chaperon wanted." He put her on car and walked home with me, 190 190 190 190 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F5_p368.jpg) DECEMBER 27 1908 Delightful post Christmas services. Miss Dodson sent Tom by special delivery a scathing letter for escorting me home [---] 190 190 190 190 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F5_p369.jpg) DECEMBER 28 1908 Just as I was going to the dentist in came Lila and Evan Took me to a matinee vaude- ville. 190 190 190 190 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F5_p370.jpg) DECEMBER 29 1908 Tuesday. Heard of a terrible earth- quake in Sicily. I hope that Florence was not there. Evan Lila and Tom left, and Elisha came. 190 190 190 190 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F5_p371.jpg) DECEMBER 30 1908 E. and I went to Corcoran [---]. Very [---] bad news of poor Italy E hired a type writer for me. He left in a rain storm. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F5_p372.jpg) DECEMBER 31 1908 The last day of a detestable year. Virginia's loss. Tom's misery, his poor children, Elisha's disappointed hopes. Evan's overwork, and my own illness and suffering 190 On the other hand I've had so much love given me, and money for all my needs – including getting a lot of dentisty 190 price $85. F.B.K. reported safe. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F5_p373.jpg) MEMORANDA 190 190 190 190 190 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F5_p374.jpg) MEMORANDA 190 190 190 190 190 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F5_p375.jpg) MEMORANDA 190 190 190 190 190 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F5_p376.jpg) MEMORANDA 190 190 190 190 190 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F5_p377.jpg) MEMORANDA 90 90 90 90 90 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F5_p378.jpg) MEMORANDA 190 190 190 190 190 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F5_p379.jpg) MEMORANDA 190 190 190 190 190 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F5_p380.jpg) MEMORANDA 190 190 190 190 190 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F5_p381.jpg) MEMORANDA 190 190 190 190 190 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F5_p382.jpg) Letter Parcel } No. 35890 <3890> P.O., San Diego, Cal. Received for registration 2-24, 1909, from E. D. Kane Hotel [---] addressed to Mrs E. [-]. Kane Kuskequa Pa- 4 class postage prepaid. Postmaster, per [-]. U. S. Registered Mails go to every post office in the world. Letters and parcels may be registered at any post office or at any post-office station, and by rural carriers throughout their routes. Letters will be registered by letter carriers in the residential dis- tricts of cities. For registered mail delivered through a U. S. post office, the sender receives, without request or extra charge, a return receipt signed by the addressee or his agent. For registered mail delivered in a foreign country the sender receives with- out extra charge a form of return receipt if the words "Return Receipt Demanded" apear on the envelope or wrapper. [Blank MEMORANDA page] ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F5_p383.jpg) MEMORANDA 190 190 190 190 190 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F5_p384.jpg) MEMORANDA 190 190 190 190 190 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F5_p385.jpg) Morgan, Harjes and Co. 31 Boulevard Haussmann, Paris France. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B30_F5_p386.jpg) To mother with heaps of love from Virginia & many many more Merry xmases — ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F1_VolIIA_p001.jpg) VOL II A ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F1_VolIIA_p003.jpg) THE STORY OF THE "MOTHER OF THE REGIMENT" VOLUMN II CHAPTER XI BIG TROUBLE - THAT AWFUL YEAR 1857 PAGE 71 CHAPTER XII TOM SAILS WEST TO TRY TO RESCUE MORMONS ON HIS OWN PAGE 79 CHAPTER XIII RUMBLING THUNDER OF WAR PAGE 106 CHAPTER XIV SOLDIER'S WIFE IN CIVIL WAR PAGE 110 CHAPTER XV SHOCK OF A REAL FINANCIAL LOSS AND WOULD-BE FAMILY SKELETON PAGE 120 CHAPTER XVI TOM'S WONDERFUL "MAN FRIDAY' - DAVID CORNELIUS PAGE 123 CHAPTER XVII STRANGE BEHAVIOR OF PEOPLE LOST IN THE BIG FOREST PAGE 134 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F1_VolIIA_p004.jpg) CHAPTER THIRD Riches had increased with my own father. Perhaps he had set his heart too much upon them; he thought so. In the financial crisis of 1857 his firm failed, and the want of a true helpmeet in his cares was so sorely felt that the loss of money became the least drop in his cup of wretchedness. For a time his life and his reason were in danger. Tom and I nursed him through a fearful illness. His wife abandoned him, and the physicians thought me a better nurse than Charlotte could be. Naturally clamer in temperament, I was credited with a semi-medical repudation, and had really the aid of my husband's knowledge and the consolation of his sympathy. God supported us through it, and enabled me to save my him, but He knows what we suffered: Dear children, if ever you encounter ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F1_VolIIA_p005.jpg) suffering that seems greater than you can bear-- suffering from which there seems to be no issue-- suffering the tale of which for the sake of others you must lock in your own breasts--try to think that your grandparents were called upon to endure this same trial before you, and that as they emerged, into light and peace again, so praise be to God, you will one day do. Before my father left our charge the Mormons had been imploring Tom's aid and counsel in the war threat- ening between them and the United States. And when mey father was recovering Tom broke to me the news that the President desired him to use his influence with the Mormons, and that he though of going to Utah to pacify them. Buch- anan was in a dilemma. His Southern party had ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F1_VolIIA_p006.jpg) induced him to gather an army of "Regulars" in Kansas to intimidate the Free-Soilers. The Republican Editors wishing them away, endorsed every charge brought against the people of Utah, in order to compel the troops to take up their line of march thither. The Mormons were angered, they ceased to sue for justice, and prepared for the last extremity of resist- ance. Tom tried to find out if he could do anything, but hardly obtained a hearing. He considered himself insulted by Floyd, the War Secretary's, bearing towards him. Fortunately, as the event proved, marching orders were finally issued to the Troops, too late in the season. The grass on the plains gave out, and the cold weather came on before they reached Fort Laramie. The Mormons gathered a force of cavalry which commenced operations against Supply Trains. Finally private despatches from * JOHN B. FLOYD, former governor of Virginia, who was helping to plot the Confederate States' secession after stripping the North of Federal arms which he shipped to even non-existent He resigned (by request) from Buchanan's Cabinet after forts in the starting the small U.S. Army from Ft. Leavenworth Kansas south for Utah to suppress what he claimed was a Mormon "Rebellion" Shortly after, as a rebel officer, he fled from Ft. Donaldson and was cashiered_ ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F1_VolIIA_p007.jpg) 74 [written note] Put this at bottom *NOTE: This same A. S. Johnston became a confederate General and was killed in the Civil War. It was he Col. Kane challenged for having put the Col. in custody. *Col. A. S. Johnston, who commanded the U.S. Troops by fall, were expressed to the President, admitting that the whole force was at the mercy of the Mormons if the Mormons knew how helpless they were. Buchanan telegraphed for Tom, who went on to Washington in the night train. Tom gave him no comfort; he said his private information showed him that the Mormons were fully aware of their power. Buc- hanan was frightened; he saw that the U.S. Army would be sacrificed; far worse, he saw that blame for pusill- animity would fall upon the <">Old Public Functionary<"> who had hesitated so long and then acted so late. Would "Colonel Kane; could Colonel Kane" do anything? "Colonel Kane" thought there was still a chance. He pitied the Mormons and thought them unjustly accused. At the same time he felt that "Discipline must be maintained!" Like boys in ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F1_VolIIA_p008.jpg) school too long oppressed, they had mutinied. There was a grand "Barring Out". They felt they were stronger than the miserable usher whose duty it was to enter that school-room and govern them--and whom they had locked up in the map closet. They looked no further--did not cal- culate on the time when the end must come, the master's appeal to the parents be answered, and their ineffectual protests against wrong terminate, as Youth's protests against Authority do terminate--in a good thrashing. To Colonel Kane was presented the problem whether he could induce the boys to open the door themselves, and admit the ushers of their own free will. He thought he could do it, but it must bein his own way. He would not have the boys' fine spirit, which he admired, humbled. They must be treated as he thought fair. Principal Buchanan protested feebly that the Colonel endangered his own safety. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F1_VolIIA_p009.jpg) "Wouldn't he like to have ushers stand at a moderate distance within call? No?---Well, well, your chivalrous son, Judge Kane must be humoured, and--(Aside) "When he gets the door opened, he can't hinder my sending Ushers McCullough and Powell with my pardon to the ringleaders. Those rebellious boys will have to swallow that assurance of my authority." So Buchanan washed hishands formally of the blood that Kane might lose. Tom's plan was to go in disguise to Utah by way of California, winter though it was, and to make his un- expected appearance at Young's very gates, relaying upon his own mental force and Young's knowledge of the sincerity of his goodwill to the Mormons. He actually intended to turn a whole people's will, and make them ask for peace in the hour of their triumph. He had to make them ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F1_VolIIA_p010.jpg) admit the usher--Governor Cumming--now trembling in his prison pen at Bridger. He knew that if the Mormons overwhelmed the little U.S. Army encamped there, they in their turn would inevitably be overwhelmed, crushed out of existence by a nation bent on vengeance. I besought him not to go; I could not see that it was his duty. But while my feeling remained unchanged, I recognized that if I forced him to stay, I would make him sin against his conscience. When they tried to move Paul, he said: "What mean ye to weep and to break mine heart. I am ready not to be bound only, but also to die at Jerusalem for the name of the Lord Jesus! And when he would not be persuaded, they ceased, saying: 'The Will of the Lord be done'." So I "ceased", and since he must go ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F1_VolIIA_p011.jpg) strengthened him as far as I could, sharing the blame that fell upon him from all his friends, defending him and saying with a laugh that my consent was the most important, and he had that. When Dr. Shields cried to part with him, I almost hated the man for the weak tears he shed. I did not dare to begin to weep. What did he know of the trial we had so lately passed through, of the wretched health my darling had, and the strain he had given his back in lifting, so that he often fainted with the pain! What was it to him if he lost a friend--when I was risking the loss of my all! I think it was a wonder my own reason did not give way. <¶> I no longer felt that I could turn to my father for counsel. He must not be distressed with my cares. And instead of relying upon Tom, I must, if I loved him, keep cheerful till he was gone. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F1_VolIIA_p012.jpg) I returned from seeing the last wave of his hand- kerchief as the California steamer sailed from New York. When I came out of the dark night into the lighted Fern Rock drawingroom Bessie and the Judge were singing "Lord Ullin's Daughter" together. He marked the son, saying he would always remember how I came back to them at once, another Ruth, instead of staying with my own kin. Again he called me his dear daughter, and my sick heart clung to him. The winter was severe. Bessie was staying in town, John was in Paris, Pat seldom came out, Mother, the Judge and I were much alone. It was better for me than the old gaiety, and we three were drawn very near to- gether. The Judge loved to recount, and I was never weary of hearing, stories of his days of ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F1_VolIIA_p013.jpg) courtship, and the struggles of his early married life. Mother sat by, half smiling, half remonstrant, sometimes shyly contributing one of the reminiscences she could be so rarely coaxed into bringing forth. How often after- wards she and I recalled the tender peacefulness of those quiet evenings! Had he any presentiment? Had he a forewarning to make the last recollections of him we were to have so precious! I must suppose it was only prudence that dictated his action with regard to Tom, yet it seemed a strange piece of foresight. Before my husband left, the Judge called me into his study. "Here daughter", he said "Let me teach you this cipher as well as Tom. It is one invented by old Dr. Patterson in the War, and I am the only living person who has the key. Tom is to use it in his letters for Buchanan, and I am ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F1_VolIIA_p014.jpg) 81 (Put at bottom of page) *NOTE: I believed this to have been to Pat Kane, Tom's brother.----------Kent to decipher it. But it may fall upon you, something may happen to me; and at any rate this husband of yours (pulling Tom's wavy hair) will learn it faster with you beside him." So we conned our lesson merrily together. Then Tom was to execute a Power of Attorney, after making his Will, and the Judge, who drew it up, inserted the Nonsense name of his friend and lawyer *Mr. R__with his own. Don't cover Who thought the hale old man likely to die? No one! HP We had so much to dwell upon in the hurry of Tom's It was Atty departure, that the <">Power of Attorney<"> was never thought Robert Patterson of by us again. Jon's I have said that Tom's friends were opposed to Younger his going. If there was no prescience what tender Brother consideration, there was in the words of the letter which I copy. Tom never saw it until his trunk reached him after ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F1_VolIIA_p015.jpg) *NOTE: I had the original of this letter at Kushequa in the "Mormon Book".--------Kent ___________________________________________ his father's death. U.S. Court Room Phila. 4th January 1858 *My dear Tom, I have been so strenuous an opponent of your whole project, and have said so many things against it which may come back hereafter unpleasantly to your memory, that I think it right to say to you, once for all at the moment of our parting, that you carry with you all of blessing that a father's prayers can invoke. Yet I do not think you are to succeed; and I want you to be prepared for the worst. The Mormons can hardly have misconceived the honest and kindly aims and purposes of the President, and I do not believe you will be able to impress them with the feeling of our American people. You know, and I know, how anxious Mr. Buchanan is to prove ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F1_VolIIA_p016.jpg) himself their friend; and you know---or if you do not, I do----that if the Mormons once assail our troops the sentiment of the Country will never be satisfied while a Mormon Community survives on this Continent. Yet such is the judicial blindness that seems to cover your friends in Utah---gallant and clear-sighted as I know many of them to be,----and such too are the essential embarrassments in which evil counsel and precipitate action have involved the question, that I have very faint hopes connected with your mission. Mr. Buchanan's letters to you are certainly strong and clear enough, if they could be met in a corresponding spirit. You wrong him and me too, if you suppose that my oppugnation to your scheme has made their phraseology less definite than his oral pledges to yourself. Coming from a Statesman of his elevated integrity and habitual caution, they have surprised me by their strength. Were I the President ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F1_VolIIA_p017.jpg) I could not have committed myself even to you as fully as he has done. Virtually those letters engage him for all that you can honestly ask. Still I repeat it: you are going, I apprehend to fail;--and I close this letter by a farewell assurance to you that the Home Welcome in all its cordiality awaits you, whether you fail or succeed. God Bless you, dear Tom----- I have concluded to let your wife throw my letter into your trunk;---it may make a home reminiscence for you when you find it." This letter was written on the 4th of January; on the 21st of February he died after a single week of suffering. Three months passed after my husband left, and we heard nothing, save that a little slip ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F1_VolIIA_p018.jpg) of paper written in cipher had come to the Judge just after he was taken ill. Fever was clouding his faculties and he sent for me to decipher it, reminding me that he had forseen the possibility of the duty falling upon me. We knew Tom had landed in California; but that was all. On the 31st of May a strange letter reached me from a Mormon woman of San Bernardino, California. She was a bereaved mother, whom he had told to appeal to me for comfort. I knew no one but Tom would stop in the midst of his anxiety to pity her; and certainly no one but Tom would give me credit for such powers of consolation. The disconnected story she told was easily pieced out by the paragraphs we read, quoted from California news- papers. It was Tom who was the mysterious, soi-distant naturalist Dr. Osborne, suspected of being a Mormon spy. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F1_VolIIA_p019.jpg) "He had escaped lynching once, but the Vigilance Committee would not be fooled again, if he returned through San Bernardino", wrote one journalist. Another newspaper, The Los Angeles Star, spoke of his having been passed on the road from San Bernardino; "which he left on the 6th of February" wrote my Mormon friend. Another paper spoke of the "rash adventurer's" having succeeded in forcing his way to Salt Lake through the terrible winter snows, reaching there on the 2 of February. Again the papers spoke of his appearance at Bridger, pursued by Indians, and so frozen that he had to be lifted from his horse. I wish he could have been persuaded to tell his own story of the trials he encountered--but there was so much that was discreditable to our own United States officials--that he felt bound in love to his country not to tell the whole; and silence ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F1_VolIIA_p020.jpg) was better than half truths. Then came a letter from him dated "Great Salt Lake May 2, 1858 "My dear wife: Accept this proof of my love--that I collect my thoughts enough in my distress to dedicate my work to you, under whose invocation it has been achieved-- My Peace May the Prince of Peace remove us from this world of Wars together!" He had heard of the death of his father, and though it was tenderly broken to him by Brigham Young, it came unsoftened by any words or consolation from me. My letters never reached him. It was in the hour of success when he was escorting Cumming in triumph that the blow fell All that long winter I had been dreading ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F1_VolIIA_p021.jpg) its effect upon him, watching grief eat its way into his mother's heart. She grew daily thinner, and wrinkles carved themselves deeply round the lips that never suffered laments to issue from them. She exerted herself with feverish activity. Bodily rest was hateful to her, when she could no longer be quieted and soothed in spirit by the husband who had preserved the even bal- ance of her life. Missing Tom as I did, I was better able to enter into her feelings than poor Bessie was. I knew that she dared not give vent to them. To Bessie on the contrary it was natural to weep, to dwell on her father's memory, and to caress those who were left. Mother felt as if she indulged in a "luxury of woe", and I do not think we were either of us very patient with her. I grew tired of consoling her, secretly thinking my own trials greater than hers. How mistaken I was! It is the dead Blank ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F1_VolIIA_p022.jpg) of Life which is so hard to bear. The keen anxiety of my days and nights only showed how great a treasure I possessed in my husband. And the two dear children! And poor Bess had no one! One June morning--the 15th it was--I went to town hoping for confirmation of the newspaper report that Colonel------had reached Fort Leavenworth. Some embarr- assment at the office when I called to ask for my letters, made me say suddenly: "He is here, I am sure he is here!" The clerk denied it, but when I pressed him, admitted that he was gone to take the train to Washington. It was only on reaching our Station that I saw him. He had avoided meeting any one by going in the mail-car. He hastened across the road and plunged into the woods. When I followed him I found he could not yet endure ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F1_VolIIA_p023.jpg) even to see me, and so I went to the house where Mother and I fluttered restlessly from window to window till we saw him coming slowly up the path. He looked so haggard and miserable that my heart reproached me. I had for- gotten in my joy to have him back, how fresh his trouble was! He left us next day for Washington, where, though he quarrelled with Floyd, he received Buchanan's promise as a gentleman, that the Mormons should no longer be molested. Buchanan kept his word in his sly but effic- ient manner, but he arranged with Tom at the same time that "Usher" Cummings should be glorified for walking in through the door Tom had induced Young to open. Tom also assured the poor old "Public Functionary" <(as Buchanan was termed)> that he did not intend to claim the credit of his work. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F1_VolIIA_p024.jpg) He felt as if "glory of men" would sully the offering he had made to God. He felt, very humbly and yet very proudly that God had accepted him as in instrument. He could not have done what he did through his own strength alone. Let those who wanted it have the credit--this feeling was enough for him. History took charge in her usual faithful fashion of Tom's reputation. "The page slew the boar, The peer had the gloire". This is what Buchanan said in his Message to Congress: "I cannot in this connection refrain from mentioning "the valuable services of Colonel Thomas L. Kane, who, "from motives of pure benevolence, and without any offic- "ial character or pecuniary compensation, visited Utah "during the last inclement winter, for the purpose of "contributing to the pacification of the Territory." ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F1_VolIIA_p025.jpg) It is but fair to Buchanan to say that he said to Tom that he would give him a foreign mission. It was characteristic of Buchanan that he added, "If you think there is the least possibility of your appointment pass- ing the Senate." The power of the Southern leaders crumbled away when the North took the Right into her hands, but in those days it was hopeless for an Abolitionist to seek to obtain any appointment. Tom knew that Buchanan would not press his confirmation sufficiently to give him a chance with the Senate, and Tom declined his liberal offer. The Mormons would gladly have shown their gratitude in any way Tom would permit, and he was often forced to decline their offerings at the risk of wounding their feelings. "Who is the D. H. Wells mentioned in the President's Message", I asked Tom. "A man", he replied, "who rode twenty miles on ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F1_VolIIA_p026.jpg) on my journey back with me, and/on parting dropped some- thing heavy in my lap. He rode off notwithstanding all my shouting, leaving his splendid chronometer watch, the only one in the Territory, and a bunch of heavy seals which I had once noticed as he had a habit of using them with with a little ostentation. I returned them by Mrs. Cumm- ing, the Governor's wife." While Tom was away he drew drafts to the amount of $1200 on his Philadelphia funds. After his return he found they had never been presented, and his attempts to obtain them were vain, no answers being returned to his letters. He suspected Brigham Young's agency in the matter, and taxed Bernhisel the Delegate from Utah with it. After much pressing the old man gave Tom the following letter, given him to be used if Tom's impor- tunity required it. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F1_VolIIA_p027.jpg) "Great Salt Lake City, U.T. May 12th 1858 "My dear Colonel, Enclosed please find accept the return of your drafts upon Robert Kane of Philadelphia. In remember- ance of our cordial friendship, I am sure you will not deny me the favor of having extended to you the scanty hospitality of our mountain home; nor feel offended at what I consider a just though exceedingly poor remuner- ation for many very great favors. May the peace of Heaven dwell with you, and every member of your good and highly esteemed house. Ever and most sincerely Your friend Brigham Young" ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F1_VolIIA_p028.jpg) I agreed with Tom that it was impossible for him to take anything from the Mormons, but it appeared to me that the Government should pay his travelling expenses. "Your services are a patriotic gift which you may offer and Uncle Sam accept", I said "but we cannot afford this money, and it is not a necessary offering. Uncle Sam can pay it, and should." My sister-in-law cried shame on me, a woman who would take "Blood Money", but though silenced, I was unconvinced. Tom did not wish the Mormons or the government to feel as if he acted as the partisian of either. He found his only recompense in his own sense of duty fulfilled. Some may say----some among our descendants I mean--- as Christian people said then--that the Mormons should have been exterminated. I cannot see into the future, but God did spare them, ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F1_VolIIA_p029.jpg) (Put at bottom of page) *NOTE: I must confess that I agree with this doctrine. There are certainly times when killing the otherwise unabatable human nuisance and menace to those we must protect may seem the only relief--the law providing no adequate protection against the evil not yet perpetrated, We still cling legally to the old germanie theory that damages may be set for anything.----------Kent it must have been for some wise purpose. We cannot tell. But in the eyes of that pure Saviour who said "He that looketh on a woman to lust after her hath committed adultery with her already in his heart," are the men of our day so free from sin that they man cast a stone at the Mormons? Tom was conscious that the Spirit guided him--- I am sure of it too.---- ----He challenged Albert Sidney Johnston to fight him. Is that inconsistent with the indwelling of the Spirit? I do not know, but it is the Truth, and if the uninspired historians of the world would tell the truth when it conflicted with their ideal of what a hero should do--we should profit more by their narratives. Under certain circumstances Tom approves of duelling- --as a terror to evil-doers whom the law cannot or will * not reach. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F1_VolIIA_p030.jpg) In the circumstances in which he found himself he considered it his duty to send the challenge. And he has told me that the action did not seem to him inconsistent with his mission of Peace. "The Sword of the Lord and of Gideon", he quotes, and points out that the result was Johnson's apology, and indirectly, the success of his efforts. It is not for me to judge. I was ever opposed to duelling. I have hinted to Tom that while God "maketh the wrath of man to praise Him"--He could have blessed other efforts which my husband might have made to attain his end. But a man must act according to his nature, and my preux chevalier is of the Church Militant, always generous, always unselfish, humble sometimes, but sometimes as fiery and impetuous as Saint Columba him- self. When I tell the whole story, my grandsons Note: *grandmother does not yet realize the effect of Col. Kane asking the gallant Georgia giant Alfred Cumming to be his second in the proposed dual. Cumming already fed up with Col. Johnston was with Kane from then on and trusted to go alone with Kane through the Mormon forces to Salt Lake City. -Kent ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F1_VolIIA_p031.jpg) at least will not wish their grandsire had acted other- wise. And my grand-daughters will be blest indeed if they find husbands like mine. God bless him! ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F1_VolIIA_p032.jpg) CHAPTER 4 When my husband returned from California he found his affairs embarrassed. His father had been replaced by another Judge, who had appointed a new Clerk. So that Tom, coming back from his great labours utterly exhausted, was obliged to turn his attention at once to seek his livelihood in a new way. It is true that he/had effected an insurance to the amount of ___ payable on his own or the Judge's death. The sum had been paid promptly, but not to us, unfortunately, and this chiefly by my fault. After the Judge's death Mother put her affairs entirely in Mr. R's hands. He waited upon me one day to inform me that the Insurance Company had places Tom's Insurance in his hands; ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F1_VolIIA_p033.jpg) Mother's estate was in temporary need of ready money, if I did not object, he would borrow it for her use on interest till my husband's return. I consented, and influenced by his specious talk, learned to fancy the money safer in his hands than in my husband's. He appealed to my vanity, praising my prac- tical common sense, and showing me that my husband's first step would probably be to "sink" it in the San Bernardino ranch in California, or in Elk County Pine Lands. I saw R's wisdom plainly when Tom came home, and sought to take the very steps of which R, had forewarned me. And what do I see now? Those very lands have made the purchasers millionaires. I have kept track of them ever since by way of punishing myself. And R "took care" of ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F1_VolIIA_p034.jpg) the money so safely that he has never paid back more than two thirds of it! I interrupt myself here to say that it was one of the unfortunate consequences of my life at Fern Rock that I learned to hear my husband's actions criticised as one's family does consider itself at liberty to criticise. No wife should permit her husband to be discussed in her presence. I learned to submit to it under a mistaken idea of duty to his parents, and have had cause to repent it bitterly. The/longer I live the more I learn to respect my husband's judgement---but I was then a mere child, and my silly head was easily turned by R's flattery. Fern Rock was sold. Mother went to live with Bessie at Aunt Patterson's, until Tom should have a home to offer her. We went to Aunt Ann's. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F1_VolIIA_p035.jpg) When Bessie married Mother went to live with her, but Mother's ideas of economy were based on theold scale of living at Fern Rock. Bess was determined to be hospitable as far as her means but not beyond them. So Mother would urge "poor old Brother George and Libby" to stay to the dinner that was a "tight fit" for the household, and then do penance by making bountiful provision of hams and tongues and so forth, to be brought out on similar occasions occurring in the future. We were poor, but we were proud, and knowing that Mother's purse was drained, we did not allow her to know how poor we often were. We were longing to have a home of our own, and were very tired of boarding, even with such a motherly, kind creature as Aunt Ann. <¶> In 1858 Tom had purchased the land for our future home. From the first beginning of his woodland rides he had constantly spoken to me of a forest tract lying in the hilltops, miles away from Williamsville; where the trees were of a statelier growth and the soil richer than ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F1_VolIIA_p036.jpg) that of my favorite Elk County. Lying on the western slope of the Allegheny it enjoyed a milder climate than Williamsville, the great draft of the Mississippi Valley, giving to it a constant West Wind. The Indians had made tracks through it, as one of their favorite hunting grounds, and the elk still visited the "wallows" on its streams.-----Tom had carried the route of the R.R. through the heart of it, and chosen such a commanding site for the house I was to plan <¶> My dear Judge Kane used to please himself by instructing his little daughter-in-law. He said I was an intelligent listener, and I loved indeed to listen to his charming talk. Among other subjects he found me ready to be interested in a hobby he loved to ride: "Domestic Architecture", as illustrated by the buildings he him- self erected. We used to spend hours over his plans; and I naturally learned to put my own air-castles on paper. My children ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F1_VolIIA_p037.jpg) will probably find a portfolio filled with rough plans of buildings which I threw aside before I could decidedly adopt one. We were to build a house larger than we needed for ourselves; Mother said she would end her days with us. Bessie, Tom's sister and my sister Charlotte, all unwitting of the respectable clergyman who awaited them in the future had proclaimed that they too would seek a home with us. The plan was arranged, the cellar dug, much of the stone quarried, the ram driving water for the masons, and the lime at great expense brought from Olean in the winter, when the deep snow furnished a roadway, the forest being cut out sufficiently to allow the passage of the loaded sleds. We were to go up after my baby's birth to the Elk County house, there to spend a happy summer and then the winter was to see us in the new home,, ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F1_VolIIA_p038.jpg) where the Pennsylvania Kanes were to take root again.-------- And ------ Crash, crash, crash the storm that was threatening the nation broke, and we were swept off our footing among the very first, and all our happy hopes went floating out of sight. CHAPTER XII THE RUMBLING THUNDER OF WAR Before my baby Evan was born, I was greatly interested in the reports the newspapers daily brought us. Very bitter were my denunciations of the Traitor's South; I averred that no treatment could be too vigorous that should put her down. And while I talked, my husband (who had many, dear, southern friends and relatives; and who had always been a "states-rights" Democrat though anti-slavery) felt more. He loved the country with a personal love which I could not then realise. My baby boy, Evan, was born on the 6th of April, '61, and in the happy weakness of convalescence, I cared for little beyond the walls that shut us in. Fort Sumpter was fired on. Tom sent Governor Curtin of Pennsylvania the first offer that came over the wires, volunteering on the 13th to raise a troop of 100 horses in McKean ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F1_VolIIA_p039.jpg) and Elk Counties, and made a secret visit to Harrisburg after he has seen me to bed on Saturday night, returning so soon that I never knew he had been there <¶> On the 15th he left me. I did not know why he was going, imagining that it was to dismiss his workmen till better times, and was pleased to have him go, that hemight return in time for Bessie's wedding. He had wished to break the truth to me but the nurse protested against my hearing anything agitating. Aunt Ann used to read me "safe" extracts from the Journals, but one day she wished to find the list of marriages, and laid the newspaper on my bed, as she fumbled in search of her spectacles. "I'll find the place for you. The Doctor says I may read a little", I said. Before she could interpose, I raised to paper, and fate guided my eye on the instant to the words "Colonel Thomas ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F1_VolIIA_p040.jpg) L. Kane--Accepted Volunteer----Horse." I do not remember that I said anything. It is my habit to be silent when profoundly moved, and I was cut to the very heart. I had believed myself to know Tom's inmost feelings, and here I had been tricked into helping him to go, my- self. It seemed like seething a kid in its mother's milk. And all this time my husband was suffering from heart sickness---so much like my own that it would have solaced me beyond measure to have known it. That was the one misunderstanding of our married life! Perfect confidence on my part would have saved all that pain. And we had enough to bear without it. Months elapsed before I told Tom how I felt, and received the simple explanation. Moreover Tom had given me credit for an intuition I did not possess. When he re- ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F1_VolIIA_p041.jpg) -called it to me, I remembered theincident that misled him. Little Elisha came into the room as we were planning his journey, crying "Look Mamma, Jane says this was lost ever so long ago," and so saying laid on my bed a silver- mounted dagger Tom carried when in Utah. I took it up, saying smilingly, "If I were superstitious it would make me unhappy to have this found just as you leave me." He answered, and I replied by some careless remark which he thought had a profound meaning---And so went away that night, and I clapsed my pretty little nestling and fell asleep so happy in the recollection of the deep tenderness my husband showed at our parting. When I ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F1_VolIIA_p042.jpg) 110 When I found that he was gone to the Wars I thought I could avoid shewing how much I felt; but my nursling betrayed me. Born the fattest and healthiest of my children, he dwindled from the day I began to pine over his father's loss. I tried faithfully to keep from sad thoughts, but it was not many weeks before I had to give up the attempt to nurse him. <¶> War is most cruel where the Chase is! Those who can live much in our forest without gratifying the hunter's propensity to take innocent life see sights sometimes in the quiet which make them understand, Jaques' Apostrophe---. The poor suckling whose mother's milk dries up through her exceeding misery whether she be woman or hunted doe ; the wife whose heart breaks slowly---Yes! and after the war is over, her man who survives crippled in life as well as limb--dead to the hope of further happy days--these are the true sufferers. My Evan! How his frail body has reproached me; how we have tended his feeble spark of life! The children say "Mother you spoil Evy", and I daresay it is true. I feel as if I owed him atonement for what he suffered---suffers still through me. At that time the mails took from a week ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F1_VolIIA_p043.jpg) 111 to ten days to pass from Darby to Elk County, and it was quite a long while before we heard of Tom's movements. He had raised three hundred riflemen in an incredibly short time considering how sparsely settled the country was, and brought them down the River on rafts to Harrisburg and Camp Curtin. From Camp he came down one Saturday night to spend a brief 24 hours, and to be nursed as well as 24 hours treat- ment would allow. Over-exertion, want of proper food and exposure had brought on his old/malady. Ill as he was he could not longer stay away from the Camp, where his pet ruffians in confinement would obey no orders which did not come directly from him. The Story of the/War appears a totally different one as told by the wives who stay at home. The battles in which, my husband tells me, the propensity to Dest- ructiveness was indulged with the shocking joy of frenzy, were to me subject of agonising terror. The days when he chafed in the miseries of camp life, subordinate to his inferiors--were days of comparative comfort to me. I know that I was alive and suffering--but it seems to me as if my existence was the entrancement of a Catalep- tic. I could feel torture inflicted I was powerless to struggle against, I knew not at what house I might not be buried alive.----And yet my stony ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F1_VolIIA_p044.jpg) 112 daily life went in funeral quiet, Aunt Ann's meals were regularly served, and I had the children to teach and sewing to do. I took my regular turns of duty at the Hospital in our neighborhood--and strained my ears ever to catch sounds from the world outside that would let me know how my soldier fared. Some incidents stand out prominently from the dead level of my life. Such for instance as the summer after- noon when, (his regiment coming up to Harrisburg to be re-equipped,) he came to us for a few hours. While he sat by me on the porch under the big pine tree, with our children frolicking about his knees, and the martins darting hither and thither close to us, he answered some of my questions--Oh, when I realised that this was War! Such a cold thrill came over me to hear him speak- ing with his own gentle voice and in the happy summer air---of such horrors. I have never since wondered at his reluctance to receive preferment or promotion regarded by him as the price of blood! When Aunt Ann came into my room, and I dropped the sheet I was mending at her feet, reading the report in her eyes that her lips could not utter; that Tom was killed--when I learned that though alive he had been wounded again, and was a prisoner--my journey ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F1_VolIIA_p045.jpg) 113 up the Shenandoah Vally in search of him---all these are miserable recollections--and they do not belong to my story as connected with out settling here. Aunt Ann always sympathised with my feelings: but in those days Tom's nearest kin stood very far off. Now when every one claims to share in the triumph of our victory it is hard for children who have grown into conscious- ness since those days to realise how far apart the children of one mother could be. I remember the first proposal to employ blacks as soldiers struck even me as dreadful; but the rest of the family denounced it so much that I kept silence, assured that Tom would be first to approve any movement which the family honored with the old abusive epithets I had so often heard applied to his "advanced" ideas. A timid remark I made in defence of the negro was summarily set down by Bess as excusable, because I was not an American, "just an English abolitionist." I, whose blood was of precisely ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F1_VolIIA_p046.jpg) 114 the same mixture as her own, and whose winter at New Orleans entitled me, nominally at least, to a more intimate knowledge of the South than hers. I retorted that if she was free-born, with a great price obtained I my citizenship:--that any woman whose husband was out for the cause might freely speak as an American. But after all, Bess was right. I was not an American but a thorough New Englander.------Hurrah for our new England! It was impossible for Mother to realise that the father of whom she was so proud, of whose Jacobinism and Republicanism of '93 she boasted, would have stood shoulder to shoulder with the grandson who bore his name. <¶> Thomas Leiper was a Democrat; Democrats nowadays were upholding slavery and conservatism, and opposing the war- ----therefore Thomas Leiper Kane was a Renegade. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F1_VolIIA_p047.jpg) Many a household of the cousinry was practically closed against me because I would not visit where my husband was reviled. So strong ran party feeling that after Lincoln's murder my Wilmington brother-in-law refused to put out the craped flag which every loyal citizen displayed from his house. Tom, who would not cross its unpatriotic threshold, hired a room opposite John's house which was threatened, to defend him if necessary.----In fact he had been mobbed before Tom's arrival, and he would have been killed outright they said, if Mabel had not at last borrowed a toy flag from a neighbour, and hung out the "flaunting lie." While party feeling thus divided households, it was natural that those who felt alike on one subject; should side with each other upon all. It did not seem as unnatural to me then as ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F1_VolIIA_p048.jpg) it would now, that all Tom's immediate family behaved harshly to me in a matter wherein they have since ack- nowledged that my conduct was in all respects considerate and forbearing. Tom left, when he went to the Wars, sums due him from various parties. Among others Mr. R. was the provide for my expenses out of the balance of $5000 still unpaid. He wrote me sundry promissory "notes", but no money came. Tom incurred very heavy expenses in raising and supporting his men, and I found it would be necessary as soon as I was strong enough to travel to go to Elk County, close the house, and sell our farm stock. The forfeitures on our contracts for the new house ("St. Hub- erts'" as we called it) were several hundred dollars. I could not bear to distress Tom--so I sold/ well-among other things a beautiful silver fox-skin he had brought me from Utah ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F1_VolIIA_p049.jpg) to pay off my monthly nurse. Of course I was cheated of two thirds of its value! Then P <"Pat"> went off as three- months man to the wars, still without paying over our money. So I appealed to my father for aid. I could not tell him how I happened to be moneyless, but he sent me a thousand dollars, and a scolding by mail for needing it. And then I took my baby, went up to the mountains and packed up all our goods. [Paragraph mark] I was so lonely in the well-beloved place, where I could no longer see and hear my husband, that I worked too hard for my strength. I packed 51 large boxes in a week, straining a sinew in my hand in doing so. I kept a list of every- thing as I packed it, assoring our possessions with a sickly hope that some day Tom would praise my fore- thought if we should find them arranged ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F1_VolIIA_p050.jpg) in convenient order for another home. When I opened the melodeon* case to pack it up I found a little lover's note from Tom inside. He had thought I might come up there some day without him, and as he went through the county recruiting, had halted at our cottage to place it where he knew I must come with thoughts of him. It almost broke my fortitude. I sat down on one of the packing cases for a moment to recover my- self. How well I remember the flower-scented air that came blowing upon me from the open windows, the vivid colouring of the meadow and garden, and the pang at my heart as I looked upon the things he planted, and might see no more! But I had no thought of crying, I believe I could have screwed down a coffin lid in that day without a tear, and quoted Saunders Muckle- backit to myself. I only worked with Gen Kane's Portable organ, a Mason & Hamlin is at Florence Kane Johnson's Winterbrook Home ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F1_VolIIA_p051.jpg) redoubled energy, while I unconsciously imbibed associations of melancholy with the drone and buzz of summer insects, and the passing shadows of clouds flying over the sunny fields. <¶> I drew up a lease, and let the Upland farm, I sold the cows, the farm utensils the chest of tea, the sugar, seed and other stores I had sent up the winter snow-road to be ready for our happy summer. I despatched all our goods to an empty house belonging to the Barretts twenty miles off, for there was no safe place nearer -- As wagon after wagon rolled off the old happy days seemed to recede further and further, and the cheerful rooms grown ghastly to ask why I lingered. The warm June breeze became a dreary wind that rattled the win- dows and whistled through the empty house and I made haste to be gone. By the time I reached Aunt Ann's my thousand dollars was almost exhausted. One of our dividends was over- due, and I wished to make enquiries respecting the stock. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F1_VolIIA_p052.jpg) I have torn out the pages that told the shock of my discovery that the stock was gone. It was the first time that I had learned the possibility that one loved and trusted by both Tom and myself could be a liar and dishonest. Of course I had read of such things in books, but I had no realising sense of their truth. The pain I suffered, the grief it cost me to inflict the same pain on my absent husband teach me to be lenient to the Kanes who would not believe my story. Their disbelief cost them dear enough: But I cannot wonder that they doubted me: it seemed an incredible thing to myself. They were all against me; and I felt so utterly alone: I could not tell the facts to my father who would have felt with me, nor to ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F1_VolIIA_p053.jpg) Aunt Ann. But she surmised from my altered apperance the grave trouble which I felt I must conceal from her, and comforted me as a child might with loving caresses and mute sympathy. I was very ill, and rallied so slowly that Tom summoned me to spend a week with him at Camp. I was in October and the "Reserves" were at Tenallytown. Tom hired a room for me at the farmhouse, and we were very happy together till the orders came for him to cross the Potomac. I say "very happy", but it was a strange and solemn happiness we had on those occasions when we met during the War. It was like what I can imagine of the bliss granted to two lovers, one of whom has died, but is permitted an interview with the other. We dared not hope to live and work together. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F1_VolIIA_p054.jpg) in the far future, but I sought his counsel to guide my widowed life, and he was interested in the concerns of the household at Greenwood, and listened to my tales of the dear children whom he might not see. And it was inexpressibly sweet to interchange assurances of undying love. When we parted we tried to think only of the blessing granted us, and not of the future. But oh, how sad my days at Greenwood were! How our thoughts turned to the dear old mountain summers! When I visited Tom in his camp on Loudon Heights, I found that he had taught the horns of his band to play "Ai nostri monti ritorneremo L'antica pace ivi godremo" as a Sunday call. It brought the tears to my eyes, think- ing of his homesickness as I listened to the lovely sounds floating across the quiet valley from the high rock on which the tents were pitched. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F1_VolIIA_p055.jpg) 1862 HER FIRST VISIT TO KANE It was in 1862 when Tom was a wounded prisoner on parole that I first visited the exact spot where our home now is. The Company generously allowed him *McKean and to retain his Agency upon condition that their business Elkhand and did not suffer. Improvement Co. They credited him with his full salary, deducting three fifths which they paid to a man whom he employed to carry out his instructions. The mental work Tom and I still did, and once or twice he was able to go up to the Estate, and rectify the numerous mistakes of his deputy. David Cornelius was one of the many instances in which my husband by appealing to the better parts of a man's character, developed them as much as he restrained the worse ones by refusing to recognise them. What a number of men who, but for ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F1_VolIIA_p056.jpg) Dave Cornelius- him would be lost, would lay down their lives for him because he first loved them! One who was a "tame" good man they would have classed with angels, women, and clergymen--beings not like passions with themselves, to be treated with respectful avoidance. But they would submit to Tom's control in their wildest moments, because their rough hearts could be approached by a man Sans Reproche whom they saw to be also a man Sans Peur. I used to call Tom and Cornelius, "Valentine and Orson," and the comparison was apt. When we first met Cornelius, he was a coureur du Bois in the employ of the Surveyor Dalson. In his child- hood he had been brought up among the Seneca Indians. He had traversed the unbroken forests of our region with them, and was delighted when Tom first took him to his chosen house-site to recognise the clean out little blazes of the old Indian paths to our Spring, and the ad- Peur=fear ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F1_VolIIA_p057.jpg) Dave Cornelius WALLOW? -joining Elk Hollow. He pointed immediately to their intersecting the Kenjua and Kittaning trails at the old camp-ground in proof that he had long ago visited the place when it was a choice hunting ground of the Senecas--Cornelius retained many Indian ways. When about to start on a scout in the woods to be absent several days he would come to the house and leave behind him the trammels his pretty, though shrewish old wife compelled him to wear "in the settlements". Off went coat, shoes and hat, and then he would run his fingers through his hair, saying, with a laugh "Lor; Mrs. Kane, child, a feller don't feel nat'ral in them things when he's got work before him". In those days he could run a deer down--a full grown deer--and pick up a porcupine and throw it over his head without being struck ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F1_VolIIA_p058.jpg) struck by a quill, and among our white hunters he was an unequalled shot. Truthful as an expert, and un- rivalled in "running lines", his word decided many a question of land titles in our courts. But while he was rigidly truthful where he regarded himself as upon honour, he delighted in "tall talk" where he had "greenies" to listen openmouthed. Tom had employed him since 1856 and acquired his unbounded attachment, and for Tom's sake he reined in his imagination in talking to me. His feats were quite wonderful enough without any of the exaggerations of his fertile fancy. I remember one which I will tell, as its credibility, did not depend upon dear old Dave's testimony. It was in the summer of 1864, during the second Draft, when the Country was sifting the ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F1_VolIIA_p059.jpg) villages agian for the refuse loungers of the bar-room to replace the heroes who had long ago volunteered to die in her cause. Among others Jen Porterfield was drafted, the reprobate husband of one of Cornelius' bright-eyed daughters. He had applied to Tom formoney to help him to buy a substitute, and on account of his unworthiness had been refused. Cornelius said he would buy him off himself if Tom would advance the money, and Tom with much difficulty prevailed upon him, as he thought, to give up the idea, and let Jem go. No Cornelius had a good deal of simple cunning about him, and I have always thought he let the subject drop, so that Tom forgot the matter, on purpose. There was some particularly difficult and exposing piece of work in the woods to be done ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F1_VolIIA_p060.jpg) away down in Forest County somewhere on the headwaters of Millstone Creek. Tom sent Cornelius to run the line, and he went off with alacrity, saying ; "Well, General, good bye; I know you'll keep an eye on my folks and make it all right behind me." The old fox, I verily believe, foresaw what would happen, and trusted that Tom would yield to his remembered wish, instead of acting wisely as he had urged Cornelius to let him do. At any rate, it fell out that Cornelius was over forty miles from Howard Hill when Tom was told that the drafted men were gone from Smethport one bright morning to report next day at Waterford where the Provost Marshal was. Jem Porterfield however had gone no further than Smethport Tavern where he was taking a big drunk, on the ground that he was a free man. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F1_VolIIA_p061.jpg) "The Provest Marshal couldn't hang him, if it was the last day! General Kane was to put it through, and old Dave was bound to pay the money". Next his wife came, and taking from her pocket an order of Cornelius's for the amount necessary to buy Jem off, said "Ma' had got it from Pa' before he went, in case of needcessity". There was no help for it, but neither drunken Jem nor his comrades of the pothouse could be trusted with the money, nor could an able-bodied man be obtained whose wife would let him go near the brisk market for substitutes that Waterford afforded. In this emergency Tom sentoff his "contraband," Scipio, from Barrett's on one of our carriage horses to make his way to Marien in Forest County. Another man rode the spare horse to Kane Summit to engage a hand-car and workers for the down-trip as far as Warren, thenearest railroad station then to Waterford. Meanwhile he set off himself to Portville Look up Contraband of War. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F1_VolIIA_p062.jpg) where there was a Bank, that there might be no pretext for declining to receive the money because his cheque was unknown. Next morning before daybreak he set out with the U.S. Notes in his pocket book to meet Corn- elius at the point set for his rendezvous. He thought it almost impossible for Cornelius to arrive in time, and that he would when he understood that everything had been done which could further his going, acquiesce with secret satisfaction in the saving of his money, and the loss of Jem. Scipio rode all day, and fell in with Cornlius below Marien some time after six o'clock, as he was coming in after a fatiguing day's work. The old man sat down for five minutes to think and to eat up the remnants of his dinner, and then as he said "put for Kane ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F1_VolIIA_p063.jpg) Summit" through the woods. Only one familiar with the topography of the Big Level, whose characteristic is that it is crossed and recrossed constantly by numerous headstreams and their valleys, entering from opposite directions and continually interlocking with each other, can appreciate the difficulty of following its crest line through the pathless forest. Our best surveyors are constantly losing themselves there now, running out on side spurs which they mistake for the main mountain, because they are the higher. Now this was Cornelius' exploit. He parted from Scipio at the last of the road-way, and entered the woods about eight o'clock. After this he had not the trace of a path to guide him, andit was a dark summer night. About 9 o'clock it began to storm, ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F1_VolIIA_p064.jpg) and the lightning flashes from time to time "helped him some." Between ten and eleven he rested awhile under the lee of a fallen tree, hoping the moon would rise at eleven. But it was a young or old moon, I for- got which, and its doubtful light hardly penetrated the clouds. At one o'clock again it lightened and thundered, "a mighty convenient thing, for I was making my way through the ma'sh then", he said. But he steadily kept on through rain and storm. He "ran the divide", that is, followed the crest line of the mountain that parts the Eastern from the Western watershed, over "ma'sh", rock-heaps and windfalls, and about eight o'clock next morning broke through the underbrush and emerged into the Howard Hill road near the appointed renedzvous. Thirty two miles since sunset! ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F1_VolIIA_p065.jpg) Tom was already waiting, and took him up behind him on "Clarion", as there was no time to be lost. He showed him the money, but urged him again the wisdom of letting Porterfield take the chances of being food for powder. Perhaps he might have prevailed, but Clarion was pushing steadily on towards Kane Station and Corn- elius never could endure to give up a chase. He would go. Need I add that he was in time? Such Scamps as Porterfield always get off. Poor old Cornelius came back three days later; success- ful, but oh so tired, looking to receive the thanks of his graceless beneficiary. Alas! he found S on <-in-law> James still lying drunk on the Smethport tavern floor. Through all our period of excitement and trouble, Porter- field had remained ever unconscious, continuously "happy." ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F1_VolIIA_p066.jpg) When we lived at Williamsville, in the dear old "Upland" C ottage people were often lost in the forest trying to cross to Ridgway from the N.Y. & Erie R.R. villages. Cornelius was sent for one day all the way from Farmer's Valley to our house, good thirty miles, to search for a man and woman who were lost. They were foot-travellers who had mentioned their intention of proceeding to a certain settlement by a path through the woods, but had not arrived there, though they had been since seen to enter the forest at the point where the path diverged from the main road. When Cornelius returned to us a week after, I asked if he had found the pair. "Oh law yes, I found them in course. If the folks didn't know that I had some judg- ment of the ways of the critters when they're scar't, why should they send for me?" "Well, how did you set out to look for them Of course you began at thepath, and followed up their tracks?" ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F1_VolIIA_p067.jpg) "No," he had proceeded rapidly for some time because he knew that they had been searched for by blunderers sufficiently often to efface their tracks. It was not until he reached a point where he "calculated" they must have arrived about sunset that he began his search. At that hour the level rays make various and confusing paths apparent as the long lines of light dart through the foliage. People are then easily induced to wander from the direct road. Cornelius' quick eyes at length caught some token of their passage in a broken twig or two, a torn scrap of the woman's dress--some little thing we would never have noticed. And now he followed the trail carefully. As he expected, the first water-course they came to they had followed down stream. That was all right, and he saw they had made themselves snug for the night, lying under the shelter of a fallen tree. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F1_VolIIA_p068.jpg) But their troubles had begun in the morning "when the water began to run up hill, ye know", nodding his head at, Tom, who signed to me not to interrupt with the question I was ready to ask. I fancied he might have some mysterious masonic meaning, and help my peace. He resumes: "When they got flustered, and began going here and there, I kept on the woman's tract for I knew she wouldn't get her feet wet crossing the stream as often as he would. Besides, he'd make a longer track, and he'd come back to her as long as they had their senses. That day they'd eaten berries and such-like. But towards night they'd parted company, and she seemed to have rested mighty often, and slept just where she happened to have dropped down." "The third day I come up with her. I stole up just as cautious as if she was a doe, ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F1_VolIIA_p069.jpg) till I got near her, and then I come walking up just as unconcerned as you please. But the minute she caught sight of me, she flew, quicker'n a deer, and I don't know when I'd ha' caught her if she hadn't tripped over a witch-hopple, and fallen. She was up and off again but I was up with her and held her". "How did she look; was she very thankful?," I asked. "Look! she didn't look noways steady for a minute. She was clear crazy you know, The woods always makes them so, and women qucker'n men. Her hair was all hanging down, and her clothes in tatters. Her sunbonnet she'd left where she slept. First of all she wouldn't go with me, and I had to coax her a deal. Poor thing, she was beat out! I gave her some whiskey and a bite of bread, and after ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F1_VolIIA_p070.jpg) she took to crying, and then I know'd she was all right. So she follow'd on like a lamb till we went back to where they'd parted company, and then I soon found the man. "Did he run?" "No, child, he didn't run, but he was harder to manage. He'd turned sullen, and he'd neither speak a work nor move, and when he did come along he wanted to go his own way and not follow me". "Was he glad to meet his wife?" "Well, I guess she warn't his wife, and as near as I could make out, he'd gone and left her o'purpose when she turned "crazy". She didn't seem to remember it, but she seemed kind o'set agin him, and I did hear after- wards that when they got to the village they went away different roads." ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F1_VolIIA_p071.jpg) When Tom went to the War he left Cornelius in charge of many matters. Regarding the Company as belonging to Tom, he would do much for them, but the Company were nothing if he conceived that Tom's interestes could be advanced at their expense. Fid- elity was innate, but Honesty at a friend's cost he had not yet learned to regard as a virtue. He was fond of employing lawyers, and poor as he was always retained the shrewdest and most unscrupulous attorney he could find, paying him an annual sum with the feeling that, the best "Medicine Man" once secured, all the "misfortunes" into which his erratic genius might lead him would "come out right". Tom was too fond of Cornelius ever to admit to me, but I often observed with a secret amusement, the embarr- assments caused by his ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F1_VolIIA_p072.jpg) friend's peculiar methods of testifying his attach- ment. Sometimes they were easily remedied; but at others when the half-tamed wolf had brought a yet quivering morsel of mutton to his master's feet--oh the wistful looks of poor Cornelius--the half satis- faction with which he would announce to me that it couldn't be put back, the hurt feeling when he found that his master wouldn't eat the tid-bit! Men of intellect who are totally illiterate often retain the child's fresh powers of observation and imitation only sharpened and instructed by the more correct judgment of years. Cornelius lamented his want of "booking-learning", but it would probably have dulled his wonderful sagac- ity. Rude hunter as he was, he always elicited from Mother the courteous grace she invariably showed when she felt herself in a gen- ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F1_VolIIA_p073.jpg) tleman's company, and he on his part conducted him- self witht he manners of a General Jackson. Arcades Ambo! * With our old Quakers of the Company he would show a sly simplicity that was beautiful to behold. When he could no longer contain the glee which filled him in recalling some egregious blunder into which their ignorance of the forest had allowed him to lead them--he would narrate it to me with studied gravity. I can see him yet, answering the unspoken protest he saw coming over Tom's face; "Now, Colonel Kane, what was a poor onlarned hunter like me to say: 'Twasn't for me to contradict scientific men, ye know. And so, Mrs. Kane, I took them, bein' as they were kinder onsatisfied with the light *Both Nature's children of rustic innocence and untroubled quiet ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F1_VolIIA_p074.jpg) color of the arth on Williamsville down to Flanders. I didn't say one word to deceive 'em now, I didn't sartain sure! Then they was satisfied. They was over shoe tops in the hemlock muck, and there they said to each other that they'd got fine rich black loam now! Then they looked up at the Hemlocks overhead, and began reckoning up how many feet of Pine a good sawyer could make out of them." ! In those days settlers reckoned a Hemlock forest the "abomination of desolation." ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F1_VolIIA_Red_p001.jpg) VOL II A II - A ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F1_VolIIA_Red_p003.jpg) THE STORY OF THE "MOTHER OF THE REGIMENT" VOLUMN II CHAPTER XI BIG TROUBLE - THAT AWFUL YEAR 1857 PAGE 71 CHAPTER XII TOM SAILS WEST TO TRY TO RESCUE MORMONS ON HIS OWN PAGE 79 CHAPTER XIII RUMBLING THUNDER OF WAR PAGE 106 CHAPTER XIV SOLDIER'S WIFE IN CIVIL WAR PAGE 110 CHAPTER SV SHOCK OF A REAL FINANCIAL LOSS AND WOULD-BE FAMILY SKELETON PAGE 120 CHAPTER XVI TOM'S WONDERFUL "MAN FRIDAY" - DAVID CORNELIUS PAGE 123 CHAPTER SVII STRANGE BEHAVIOR OF PEOPLE LOST IN THE BIG FOREST PAGE 134 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F1_VolIIA_Red_p004.jpg) CHAPTER THIRD Riches had increased with my own father. Perhaps he had set his heart too much upon them; he thought so. In the financial crisis of 1857 his firm failed, and the want of a true helpmeet in his cares was so sorely felt that the loss of money became the least drop in his cup of wretchedness. For a time his life and his reason were in danger. Tom and I nursed him through a fearful illness. His wife abandoned him, and the physicians thought me a better nurse than Charlotte could be. Naturally cmer in temperament, I was credited with a semi-medical reputation, and had really the aid of my husband's knowledge and the consolation of his sympathy. God supported us through it, and enabled us to save him, but He knows what we suffered! Dear children, if ever you encounter ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F1_VolIIA_Red_p005.jpg) suffering that seems greater than you can bear-- suffering from which there seems to be no issue-- suffering the tale of which for the sake of others you must look in your own breasts--try to think that your grandparents were called upon to endure this same trial before you, and that as they emerged, into light and peace again, so praise be to God, you will one day do. Before my father left our charge the Mormons had been imploring Tom's aid and counsel in the war threat- ening between them and the United States. And when he was recovering Tom broke to me the news that the President desired him to use his influence with the Mormons, and that he though of going to Utah to pacify them. Buch- anan was in a dilemma. His Southern party had His grandad in his house of logs said "Things are going to the dongs" His granddad in the Flemish bogs said "things are going to the dogs" etc ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F1_VolIIA_Red_p006.jpg) induced him to gather an army of Regulars in Kansas to intimidate the Free Soilers. The Republican Editors wishing them away, endorsed every charge brought against the people of Utah, in order to compel the troops to take up their line of march thither. [Handwritten note on right-hand margin: New angle here I never heard of. -K] The Mormons were angered, they ceased to sue for justice, and prepared for the last extremity of resist- ance. Tom tried to find out if he could do anything, but hardly obtained a hearing. He considered himself insulted by Floyd, the War Secretary's bearing towards him. Fortunately, as the event proved, marching orders were finally issued to the Troops, too late in the season. The grass on the plains gave out, and the cold weather came on before they reached Fort Laramie. The Mormons gathered a force of cavalry which commenced operations against Supply Trains. Finally private despatches from ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F1_VolIIA_Red_p007.jpg) *NOTE: This same A. S. Johnston became a confederate General and was killed in the Civil War. It was he Col. Kane challenged for having put the Col. in custody. *Col. A. S. Johnston, who commanded the U.S. Troops, were expressed to the President, admitting that the whole force was at the mercy of the Mormons if the Mormons knew how helpless they were. Buchanan telegraphed for Tom, who went on to Washington in the night train. Tom gave him no comfort; he said his private information showed him that the Mormons were fully aware of their power. Buc- hanan was frightened; he saw that the U.S. Army would be sacrificed; far worse, he saw that blame for pusill- animity would fall upon the Old Public Functionary who had hesitated so long and then acted so late. Would "Colonel Kane; could Colonel Kane" do anything? "Colonel Kane" thought there was still a chance. He pitied the Mormons and thought them unjustly accused. At the same time he felt that "Discipline must be maintained!" Like boys in ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F1_VolIIA_Red_p008.jpg) school too longoppressed, they had mutinied. There was a grand "Barring Out". They felt they were stronger than the miserable usher whose duty it was to enter that school-room and govern them--and whom they had locked up in the map closet. They looked no further--did not cal- culate on the time when the end must come, the master's appeal to the parents be answered, end their ineffectual protest against wrong terminate, as Youth's protests against Authority do terminate---in a good thrashing. To Colonel Kane was presented the problem whether he could induce the boys to open the door themselves, and admit the ushers of their own free will. He thought he could do it, but it must bein his own way. He would not have the boys' fine spirit, which he admired, humbled. They must be treated as he thought fair. Principal Buchanan protested feebly that the Colonel endangered his own safety. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F1_VolIIA_Red_p009.jpg) "Wouldn't he like to have ushers stand at a moderate distance within call? No?---Well, well, your chivalrous son, Judge Kane must be humoured, and--(Aside) "When he gets the door opened, he can't hinder my sending Ushers McCullough and Powell with my pardon to the ringleaders. Those rebellious boys will have to swallow that assurance of my authority." So Buchanan washed hishands formally of the blood that Kane might loose. Tom's plan was to go in disguise to Utah by way of California, winter though it was, and to make his un- expected appearance at Young's very gates, relying upon his own mental force and Young's knowledge of the sincerity of his goodwill to the Mormons. He actually intended to turn a whole people's will, and make them ask for peace in the hour of their triumph. He had to make them ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F1_VolIIA_Red_p010.jpg) admit the usher--Governor Cumming--now trembling in his prison pen at Bridger. He knew that if the Mormons overwhelmed the little U.S. Army encamped there, they in their turn would inevitably be overwhelmed, crushed out of existence by a nation bent on vengeance. I besought him not to go; I could not see that it was his duty. But while my feeling remained unchanged, I recognised that if I forced him to stay, I would make him sin against his conscience. When they tried to move (the Apostle) Paul, he said: "What mean ye to weep and to break mine heart. I am ready not to be bound only, but also to die at Jerusalem for the name of the Lord Jesus! And when he would not be persuaded, they ceased, saying: 'The Will of the Lord be done'." So I "ceased", and since he must go [following lines written in pencil] Note: This is written in 1869. In 1870 she goes to Utah and that changes her whole view of Tom's Mormon friends for the better. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F1_VolIIA_Red_p011.jpg) strengthened him as far as I could, sharing the blame that fell upon him from all his friends, defending him and saying with a laugh that my consent was the most important, and he had that. When Dr.______ cried to part with him, I almost hated the man for the weak tears he shed. I did not dare to begin to weep. What did he know of the trial we had so lately passed through, of the wretched health my darling had, and the strain he had given his back in lifting, so that he often fainted with the pain! What was it to him if he lost a friend--when I was risking the loss of my all! I think it was a wonder my own reason did not give way. I no longer felt that I could turn to my father for counsel. He must not be distressed with my cares. And instead of relying upon Tom, I must, if I loved him, keep cheerful till he was gone. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F1_VolIIA_Red_p012.jpg) I returned from seeing the last wave of his hand- kerchief as the California steamer sailed from New York. When I came out of the dark night into the lighted Fern Rock drawingroom Bessie and the Judge were singing "Lord Ullin's Daughter" together. He marked the song, saying he would always remember how I came back to them at once, another Ruth, instead of staying with my own kin. Again he called me his dear daughter, and my sick heart clung to him. <*> The winter was severe. Bessie was staying in town, John was in Paris, Pat seldom came out, Mother, the Judge and I were much alone. It was better for me than the old gaiety, and we three were drawn very near to- gether. The Judge loved to recount, and I was never weary of hearing, stories of his days of <* I have always thought the Judge a capable and a dear old gentleman. K. xx studying Medicine> ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F1_VolIIA_Red_p013.jpg) courtship, and the struggles of his early married life. Mother sat by, half smiling, half remonstrant, sometimes shyly contributing one of the reminiscences she could be so rarely coaxed into bringing forth. How often after- wards she and I recalled the tender peacefulness of these quiet evenings! Had he any presentiment? Had he a forewarning to make the last recollections of him we were to have so precious! I must suppose it was only prudence that dictated his action with regard to Tom, yet it seemed a strange piece of foresight. Before my husband left, the Judge called me into his study. "Here daughter", he said "Let me teach you this cipher as well as Tom. It is one invented by old Dr. Patterson in the War, and I am the only living person who has the key. Tom is to use it in his letters for Buchanan, and I am ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F1_VolIIA_Red_p014.jpg) *NOTE: I believed this to have been to Pat Kane, Tom's brother.----------Kent to decipher it. But it may fall upon you, something may happen to me; and at any rate this husband of yours (pulling Tom's wavy hair) will learn it faster with you beside him." So we conned our lesson merrily together. Then Tom was to execute a Power of Attorney, after making his will, and the Judge, who drew it up, inserted the name of his friend and lawyer * Mr. R__ with his own. Who thought the hale old man likely to die! No one. We had so much to dwell upon in the hurry of Tom's departure, that the Power of Attorney was never thought of by us again. I have said that Tom's friends were opposed to his going. If there was no prescience what tender consideration there was in the words of the letter which I copy. Tom never saw it until his trunk reached him after ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F1_VolIIA_Red_p015.jpg) *NOTE: I had the original of this letter at Kushequa in the "Mormon Book".--------Kent his father's death. U.S. Court Room Phila. 4th January 1858 *My dear Tom, I have been so strenuous an opponent of your whole project, and have said so many things against it which may come back hereafter unpleasantly to your memory, that I think it right to say to you, once for all, at the moment of our parting, that you carry with you all of blessing that a father's prayers can invoke. Yet I do not think you are to succeed; and I want you to be prepared for the worst. The Mormons can hardly have misconceived the honest and kindly aims and purposes of the President, and I do not believe you will be able to impress them with the feeling of our American people. You know, and I know, how anxious Mr. Buchanan is to prove ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F1_VolIIA_Red_p016.jpg) himself their friend; and you know---or if you do not, I do----that if the Mormons once assail our troops the sentiment of the Country will never be satisfied while a Mormon Community survives on this Continent. Yet such is the judicial blindness that seems to cover your friends in Utah---gallant and clear sighted as I know many of them to be,----and such too are the essential embarrassments in which evil counsel and precipitate action have involved the question, that I have very faint hopes connected with your mission. Mr. Buchanan's letters to you are certainly strong and clear enough, if they could be met in a corresponding spirit. You wrong him and me too, if you suppose that my oppugnation to your scheme has made their phraseology less definite than his oral pledges to yourself. Coming from a Statesman of his elevated integrity and habitual caution, they have surprised me by their strength. Were I the President ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F1_VolIIA_Red_p017.jpg) I could not have committed myself even to you as fully as he has done. Virtually those letters engage him for all that you can honestly ask. Still I repeat it: you are going, I apprehend to fail;--and I close this letter by a farewell assurance to you that the Home Welcome in all its cordiality awaits you, whether you fail or succeed. God Bless you, dear Tom----- I have concluded to let your wife throw my letter into your trunk;---it may make a home reminiscence for you when you find it." This letter was written on the 4th of January <1858.> On the 21st of February he died after a single week of suffering. Three months passed after my husband left, and we heard nothing, save that a little slip ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F1_VolIIA_Red_p018.jpg) of paper written in cipher had come to the Judge just after he was taken ill. Fever was clouding his faculties and he sent for me to decipher it, reminding me that he had forseen the possibility of the duty falling upon me. We knew Tom had landed in California; but that was all. On the 31st of May a strange letter reached me from a Mormon woman of San Bernardino, California. She was a bereaved mother, whom he had told to appeal to me for comfort. I knew no one but Tom would stop in the midst of his anxiety to pity her; and certainly no one but Tom would give me credit for such powers of consolation. The disconnected story she told was easily pieced out by the paragraphs we read, quoted from California news- papers. It was Tom who was the mysterious, soi-disant naturalist, Dr. Osborne, suspected of being a Mormon spy. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F1_VolIIA_Red_p019.jpg) "He had escaped lynching once, but the Vigilance Committee would not be fooled again, if he returned through San Bernardino", wrote one journalist. Another newspaper, The Los Angeles Star, spoke of his having been passed on the road from San Bernardino; "which he left on the 6th of February" wrote my Mormon friend. Another paper spoke of the "rash adventurer's" having succeeded in forcing his way to Salt Lake through the terrible winter snows, reaching there on the 2 of February. Again the papers spoke of his appearance at Bridger, pursued by Indians, and so frozen that he had to be lifted from his horse. I wish he could have been persuaded to tell his own story of the trials he encountered--but there was so much that was discreditable to our own United States officials--that he felt bound in love to his country not to tell the whole; and silence ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F1_VolIIA_Red_p020.jpg) was better than half truths. Then came a letter from him dated "Great Salt Lake May 2, 1858 "My dear wife: Accept this proof of my love--that I collect my thoughts enough in my distress to dedicate my work to you, under whose invocation it has been achieved-- My Peace May the Prince of Peace remove us from this world of Wars together!" He had heard of the death of his father, and though it was tenderly broken to him by Brigham Young, it came unsoftened by any words of consolation from me. My lettters never reached him. It was in the hour of success, when he was escorting Cumming in triumph, that the blow fall. All that long winter I had been dreading ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F1_VolIIA_Red_p021.jpg) its effect upon him, watching grief eat its way into his mother's heart. She grew daily thinner, and wrinkles carved themselves deeply round the lips that never suffered laments to issue from them. She exerted herself with feverish activity, bodily rest was hateful to her, when she could no longer be quieted and soothed in spirit by the husband who had preserved the even bal- ance of her life. Missing Tom as I did, I was better able to enter into her feelings than poor Bessie was. I knew that she dared not give vent to them. To Bessie on the contrary it was natural to weep, to dwell on her father's memory, and to caress those who were left. Mother felt as if she indulged in a "luxury of woe", and I do not think we were either of us very patient with her. I grew tired of consoling her, secretly thinking my own trials greater than hers. How mistaken I was! It is the dead Blank ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F1_VolIIA_Red_p022.jpg) of Life which is so hard to bear. The keen anxiety of my days and nights only showed how great a treasure I possessed in my husband. And the two dear children! And poor Bess had no one! One June morning--the 15th it was--I went to town hoping for confirmation of the newspaper report that Colonel------had reached Fort Leavenworth. Some embarr- assment at the office when I called to ask for my letters, made me say suddenly: "He is here, I am sure he is here!" The clerk denied it, but when I pressed him, admitted that he was gone to take the train to Washington. It was only on reaching our Station that I saw him. He had avoided meeting any one by going in the mail-car. He hastened across the road and plunged into the woods. When I followed him I found he could not yet endure ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F1_VolIIA_Red_p023.jpg) even to see me, and so I went to the house where Mother and I fluttered restlessly from window to window till we saw him coming slowly up the path. He looked so haggard and miserable that my heart reproached me. I had for- gotten in my joy to have him back, how fresh his trouble was! He left us next day for Washington, where, though he quarrelled with Floyd <*>, he received Buchanan's promise as a gentlemen, that the Mormons should no longer be molested. Buchanan kept his word in his sly but effic- ient manner, but he arranged with Tom at the same time that "Usher" Cummings should be glorified for walking in through the door Tom had induced Young to open. Tom also assured the poor old "Public Functionary" that he did not intend to claim the credit of his work. <*This bastard, Floyd, was busily engaged in betraying his country by moving all the arms from the Northern States into the deep south while he was Secretary of War then joining in the rebellion himself.> ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F1_VolIIA_Red_p024.jpg) He felt as if "glory of men" would sully the offering he had made to God. He felt, very humbly and yet very proudly that God had accepted him as in instrument. He could not have done what he did through his own strength alone. Let those who wanted it have the credit--this feeling was enough for him. History took charge in her usual faithful fasion of Tom's reputation. "The page slew the boar, The peer had the gloire". This is what Buchanan said in his Message to Congress: "I cannot in this connection refrain from mentioning "the valuable services of Colonel Thomas L. Kane, who, "from motives of pure benevolence, and without any offic- "ial character or pecuniary compensation, visited Utah "during the last inclement winter, for the purpose of "contributing to the pacification of the Territory." This message would be a good start for the story like the log entries in a warship so well used in "The Ship"- by C. S. Forester> ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F1_VolIIA_Red_p025.jpg) It is but fair to Buchanan to say that he said to Tom that he would give him a foreign mission. It was chracteristic of Buchanan that he added, "If you think there is the least possibility of your appointment pass- ing the Senate." The power of the Southern leaders crumbled away when the North took the Right into her hands, but in those days it was hopeless for an Abolitionist to seek to obtain an appointment. Tom knew that Buchanan would not press his confirmation sufficiently to give him a chance with the Senate, and Tom declined his liberal offer. The Mormons would gladly have shown their gratitude in any way Tom would permit, and he was often forced to decline their offerings at the risk of wounding their feelings. "Who is the D. H. Wells mentioned in the President's Message", I asked Tom. "A man", he replied, "who rode twenty miles on Daniel H. Wells a most gallant Mormon ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F1_VolIIA_Red_p026.jpg) On my journey back with me, and/on parting dropped some- thing heavy in my lap. He rode off notwithstanding all my shouting, leaving his splendid chronometer watch, the only one in the Territory, and a bunch of heavy seals which I had once noticed as he had a habit of using them with a little ostentation. I returned them by Mrs. Cumm- ing, the Governor's wife." While Tom was away he drew drafts to the amount of $1200 on his Philadelphia funds. After his return he found they had never been presented, and his attempts to obtain them were vain, no answers being returned to his letters. He suspected Brigham Young's agency in the matter, and taxed Bernhisel the Delegate from Utah with it. After much pressing the old man gave Tom the following letter, given him to be used if Tom's impor- tunity required it. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F1_VolIIA_Red_p027.jpg) "Great Salt Lake City, U.T. May 12th 1858 "My dear Colonel, Enclosed please find accept the return of your drafts upon ________ of Philadelphia. In remember- ance of our cordial friendship, I am sure you will not deny me the favor of having extended to you the scanty hospitality of our mountain home; nor feel offended at what I consider a just though exceedingly poor remuner- ation for many very great favors. May the peace of Heaven dwell with you, and every member of your good and highly esteemed house. Ever and most sincerely Your friend Brigham Young" ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F1_VolIIA_Red_p028.jpg) I agreed with Tom that it was impossible for him to take anything from the Mormons, but it appeared to me that the Government should pay his travelling expenses. "Your services are a patriotic gift which you may offer and Uncle Sam accept", I said "but we cannot afford this money, and it is not a necessary offering. Uncle Sam can pay it, and should." My sister-in-law cried shame on me, a woman who would take "Blood Money", but though silenced, I was unconvinced. Tom did not wish the Mormons or the Governmentto feel as if he acted as the partisian of either. He found his only recompense in his own sense of duty fulfilled. Some may say----some among our descendants I mean--- as Christian people said then--that the Mormons should have been exterminated. I cannot see into the future, but God did spare them, ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F1_VolIIA_Red_p029.jpg) *NOTE: I must confess I agree with this doctrine. There are certainly times when killing the otherwise unabatable human nuisance and menace to those we must protect may seem the only relief--the law providing no adequate protection against the evil not yet perpetrated. We still cling legally to the old germanic theory that damages may be set for anything.----------Kent it must have been for some wise purpose. We cannot tell. But in the eyes of that pure Saviour who said "He that looketh on a woman to lust after her hath committed adultery with her already in his heart," are the men of our day so free from sin that they may cast a stone at the Mormons? Tom was conscious that the Spirit guided him--- I am sure of it too.---- ----He challenged Albert Sidney Johnston to fight him. Is that inconsistent with the in/dwelling of the Spirit? I do not know, but it is the Truth, and if the uninspired historians of the world would tell the truth when it conflicted with their ideal of what a hero should do--we should profit more by their narratives. Under certain circumstances Tom approves of duelling- --as a terror to evil-doers whom the law cannot or will not reach. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F1_VolIIA_Red_p030.jpg) In the circumstances in which he found himself he considered it his duty to send the challenge. And he has told me that the action did not seem to him inconsistent with his mission of Peace. "The Sword of the Lord and the Gideon", he quotes, and points out that the result was Johnson's apology, and indirectly, the success of his efforts. It is not for me to judge. I was ever opposed to duelling. I have hinted to Tom that while God "maketh the wrath of man to praise Him"--He could have blessed other efforts which my husband might have made to attain his end.But a man must act according to his nature, and my preux chevalier is of the "Church Militant", always generous, always unselfish, humble sometimes, but sometimes as fiery and impetuous as Saint Columba him- self. When I tell the whole story, my grandsons ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F1_VolIIA_Red_p031.jpg) at least will not wish their grandsire had acted other- wise. And my grand daughters will be blest indeed if they find husbands like mine. God bless him: ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F1_VolIIA_Red_p032.jpg) CHAPTER 4 When my husband returned from California, he found his affairs embarrassed. His father <(now deceased)> had been replaced by another Judge, who had appointed a new Clerk. So that Tom, coming back from his great labours utterly exhausted, was obliged to turn his attention at once to seek his livelihood in a new way. It is true that hehad effected an insurance to the amount of _____ payable on his own or the Judge's death. The sum had been paid promptly, but not to us, unfortunately, and this chiefly by my fault. After the Judge's death Mother put her affairs entirely in Mr. R's hands. He waited upon me one day to inform me that the Insurance Company had placed $ _____ _____ in his hands; ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F1_VolIIA_Red_p033.jpg) Mother's estate was in temporary need of ready money, and, if I did not object, he would borrow it for her use on interest till my husband's return. I consented, and influenced by his specious talk, learned to fancy the money safer in his hands than in my husband's. He appealed to my vanity, praising my prac- tical common sense, and showing me that my husband's first step would probably be to "sink" it in the San Bernardino ranch in California, or in Elk County Pine Lands. I saw R's "wisdom" plainly when Tom came home, and sought to take the very steps of which R. had forewarned me. And what do I see now? Those very lands have made the purchasers millionaries. I have kept track of them ever since by way of punishing myself. And R "took care" of Note: EVEN SHE IS SMOOTHE-TALKED INTO DOUBTING PRACTICAL SENSE OF A ROMANTIC PERSON LIKE HER HUSBAND. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F1_VolIIA_Red_p034.jpg) the money so safely that he has never paid back more than two thirds of it: I interrupt myself here to say that it was one of the unfortunate consequences of my life at Fern Rock that I learned to hear my husband's actions criticised as one's family does consider itself at liberty to criticise. No wife should permit her husband to be discussed in her presence. I learned to submit to it under a mistaken idea of duty to his parents, and have had cause to repent it bitterly. Thelonger I live the more I learn to respect my husband's judgement---but I was then a mere child, and my silly head was easily turned by R's flattery. Fern Rock was sold. Mother went to live with Bessie at Aunt Patterson's, until Tom should have a home to offer her. We went to Aunt Ann's. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F1_VolIIA_Red_p035.jpg) When Bessie married, Mother went to live with her, but Mother's ideas of economy were based on the/old scale of living at Fern Rock. Bess was determined to be hospitable as far as her means, but not beyond them. So Mother would urge "poor old Brother George and Libby" to stay to the dinner that was a "tight fit" for the household, and then do penance by making bountiful provision of hams and tongues and so forth, to be brought out on similar occasions occurring in the future. We were poor, but we were proud, and knowing that Mother's purse was drained, we did not allow her to know how poor we often were. We were longing to have a home of our own, and were very tired of boarding, even with such a motherly kind creature as Aunt Ann. In 1858 Tom had purchased the land for our future home. From the first beginning of his woodland rides he had constantly spoken to me of a forest tract lying on the hilltops, miles away from Williamsville; where the trees were of a statelier growth and the soil richer than ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F1_VolIIA_Red_p036.jpg) that of my favorite Elk County. Lying on the western slope of the Allegheny it enjoyed a milder climate than Williamsville, the great draft of the Mississippi Valley, giving to it a constant West Wind. The Indians had made tracks through it, as one of their favorite hunting grounds, and the elk still visited the "wallows" on its streams. -----Tom had carried the route of the R.R. through the heart of it, and chosen such a commanding site for the house I was to plan. My dear Judge Kane used to please himself by instructing his little daughter-in-law. He said I was an intelligent listener, and I loved indeed to listen to his charming talk. Among other subjects he found me ready to be interested in a hobby he loved to ride: Domestic Architecture, as illustrated by the buildings he him- self erected. We used to spend hours over his plans; and I naturally learned to put my own air castles on paper. My children ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F1_VolIIA_Red_p037.jpg) will probably find a portfolio filled with rough plans of buildings which I threw aside before I could decidedly adopt one. We were to build a house larger than we needed for ourselves; Mother said she would end her days with us. Bessie, Tom's sister and my sister Charlotte, all unwitting of the respectable clergymen who awaited them in the future had proclaimed that they too would seek a home with us. The plan was arranged, the cellar dug, much of the stone quarried, the ram driving water for the masons, and the lime at great expense brought from Olean in the winter, when the deep snow furnished a roadway, the forest being cut out sufficiently to allow the passage of the loaded sleds. We were to go up after my baby's birth to the Elk County house, there to spend a happy summer and then the winter was to see us in the new home,, ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F1_VolIIA_Red_p038.jpg) where the Pennsylvania Kanes were to take root again. ------- And ------- Crash, crash, crash the storm that was threatening the nation broke, and we were swept off our footing among the very first, and all our happy hopes went floating out of sight. ------------------------------------------------ ---------- Chaper XII THE RUMBLING THUNDER OF WAR Before my baby Evan was born, I was greatly interested in the reports the newspapers daily brought us. Very bitter were my denunciations of the Traitor's South; I averred that no treatment could be too vigorous that should put her down. And while I talked, my husband (who had many, dear, southern friends and relatives; and who had always been a "states-rights" Democrat though anti-slavery) felt more. He loved the country with a personal love which I could not then realise. My baby boy, Evan, was born on the 6th of April, '61, and, in the happy weakness of convalescence, I cared for little beyond the walls that shut us in. Fort Sumpter was fired on. Tom sent Governor Curtin of Pennsylvania the first offer that came over the wires, volunteering on the 13th to raise a troop of 100 horses in McKean ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F1_VolIIA_Red_p039.jpg) and Elk Counties, and made a secret visit to Harrisburg after he has seen me to bed on Saturday night, returning so soon that I never knew he had been there. On the 15th he left me. I did not know why he was going, imagining that it was to dismiss his workmen till better times, and was pleased to have him go, that hemight return in time for Bessie's wedding. He had wished to break the truth to me but the nurse protested against my hearing anything agitating. Aunt Ann used to read me "safe" extracts from the Journals, but one day she wished to find the list of marriages, and laid the newspaper on my bed, as she fumbled in search of her spectacles. "I'll find the place for you. The Doctor says I may read a little", I said. Before she could interpose I raised the paper, and fate guided my eye on the instant to the words "Colonel Thomas ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F1_VolIIA_Red_p040.jpg) L. Kane--Accepted Volunteer----Horse." I do not remember that I said anything. It is my habit to be silent when profoundly moved, and I was cut to the very heart. I had believed myself to know Tom's inmost feelings, and here I had been tricked into helping him go, my- self. It seemed like "seething a kid in its mother's milk." And all this time my husband was suffering from heart sickness---so much like my own that it would have solaced me beyond measure to have known it. That was the one misunderstanding of our married life! Perfect confidence on my part would have saved all that pain. And we had enough to bear without it. Months elapsed before I told Tom how I felt, and received the simple explanation. Moreover Tom had given me credit for an intuition I did not possess. When he re- ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F1_VolIIA_Red_p041.jpg) -called it to me, I remembered the<\>incident that misled him. Little Elisha came into the room as we were planning his journey, crying "Look Mamma, Jane says this was lost ever so long ago," and so saying laid on my bed a silver- mounted dagger Tom carried when in Utah. I took it up, saying smilingly, "If I were superstitious it would make me unhappy to have this found just as you leave me." He answered, and I replied by some careless remark which he thought had a profound meaning---And so went away that night, and I clasped my pretty little nestling and fell asleep so happy in the recollection of the deep tenderness my husband showed at our parting. When I ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F1_VolIIA_Red_p042.jpg) When I found that he was gone to the Wars, I thought I could avoid shewing how much I felt; but my nursling betrayed me. Born the fattest and healthiest of my children, he dwindled from the day I began to pine over his father's loss. I tried faithfully to keep from sad thoughts, but it was not many weeks before I had to give up the attempt to nurse him. War is most cruel where the Chase is! Those who can live much in our forest without gratifying the hunter's propensity to take innocent life, see sights sometimes in the quiet which make them understand, Jaques' Apostrophe---. The poor suckling whose mother's milk dries up through her exceeding misery whether she be woman or hunted doe; the wife whose heart breaks slowly---Yes! and after the war is over, her man who survives crippled in life as well as limb--dead to the hope of further happy days--these are the true sufferers. My Evan! How his frail body has reproached me; how we have tended his feeble spark of life! The children say "Mother you spoil Evy", and I daresay it is true. I feel as if I owed him atonement for what he suffered---suffers still through me. At that time the mails took from a week ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F1_VolIIA_Red_p043.jpg) to ten days to pass from Darby to Elk County, and it was quite a long while before we heard of Tom's movements. He had raised three hundred riflemen in an incredibly short time considering how sparsely settled the country was, and brought them down the River on rafts to Harrisburg and Camp Curtin. From Camp he came down one Saturday night to spend a brief 24 hours, and to be nursed as well as 24 hours treat- ment would allow. Over-exertion, want of proper food and exposure had brought on his oldmalady. Ill as he was, he could not longer stay away from the Camp, where his pet ruffians in confinement would obey no orders which did not come directly from him. The Story of theWar appears a totally different one as told by the wives who stay at home. The battles in which, my husband tells me, the propensity to dest- ructiveness was indulged with the shocking joy of frenzy, were to me subject of agonising terror. The days when he chafed in the miseries of camp life, subordinate to his inferiors--were days of comparative comfort to me. I know that I was alive and suffering--but it seems to me as if my existence was the entrencement of a Catalep- tic. I could feel torture inflicted I was powerless to struggle against, I knew not at what house I might not be buried alive.----And yet my stony ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F1_VolIIA_Red_p044.jpg) daily life went in funeral quiet, Aunt Ann's meals were regularly served, and I had the children to teach and sewing to do. I took my regular turns of duty at the Hospital in our neighborhood--and strained my ears ever to catch sounds from the world outside that would let me know how my soldier fared. Some incidents stand out prominently from the dead level of my life. Such for instance as the summer after- noon when, (his regiment coming up to Harrisburg to be re-equipped,) he came to us for a few hours. While he sat by me on the porch under the big pine tree, with our children frolicking about his knees, and the martins darting hither and thither close to us, he answered some of my questions--Oh, when I realised that this was War! Such a cold thrill came over me to hear him speak- ing with his own gentle voice and in the happy summer air---of such horrors. I have never since wondered at his to receive preferment or promotion regarded by him as the price of blood! When Aunt Ann came into my room, and I dropped the sheet I was mending at her feet, reading the report in her eyes that her lips could not utter; that Tom was killed--when I learned that though alive he had been wounded again, and was a prisoner--my journey ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F1_VolIIA_Red_p045.jpg) up the Shenandoah Vally in search of him---all these are miserable recollections--and they do not belong to my story as connected with our settling here. Aunt Ann always sympathised with my feelings: but in those days Tom's nearest kin stood very far off. Now when every-one claims to share in the triumph of our victory it is hard for children who have grown into conscious- ness since those days to realise how far apart the children of one mother could be. I remember the first proposal to employ blacks as soldiers struck even me as dreadful; but the rest of the family denounced it so much that I kept silence, assured that Tom would be first to approve any movement which the family honored with the old abusive epithets I had so often heard applied to his "advanced" ideas. A timid remark I made in defence of the negro was summarily set down by Bess as excusable, because I was not an American, "just an English abolitionist." I, whose blood was of precisely ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F1_VolIIA_Red_p046.jpg) the same mixture as her own, and whose winter at Ne Orleans entitled me, nominally at least, to a more intimate knowledge of the South than hers. I retorted that if she was free-born, with a great price obtained I my citizenship:--that any woman whose husband was out for the cause might freely speak as an American. But after all, Bess was right. I was not an American but a thorough New Englander. -----Hurrah for our new England! It was impossible for Mother to realise that the father <*>of whom she was so proud, of whose Jacobinism and Republicanism of '93 she boasted, would have stood shoulder to shoulder with the grandson who bore his name. Thomas Leiper was a Democrat; Democrats nowadays were upholding slavery and conservatism, and opposing the war- ----therefore Thomas Leiper Kane was a "Renegado". Good old Thomas Leiper of Philadelphia a sergeant of the City Troop in the American Revolution The ridiculous names of American Political parties! They carry on while they swap positions. Washington foretold the evils of Party in his farewell address which we learn from family histories Alexander Hamilton composed. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F1_VolIIA_Red_p047.jpg) Many a household of the cousinry was practically closed against me because I would not visit where my husband was reviled. So strong ran party feeling that after Lincoln's murder my Wilmington brother-in-law refused to put out the craped flag which every loyal citizen displayed from his house. Tom who would not cross its unpatriotic threshold, hired a room opposite John's house which was threatened, to defend him if necessary.----In fact he had been mobbed before Tom's arrival, and he would have been killed outright they said, if Mabel had not at last borrowed a toy flag from a neighbor, and hung out the "flaunting lie." While party feeling thus divided households, it was natural that those who felt alike on one subject; should side which each other upon all. It did not seem as unnatural to me then as ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F1_VolIIA_Red_p048.jpg) it would now, that all Tom's immediate family behaved harshly to me in a matter wherein they have since ack- nowledged that my conduct was in all respects considerate and forbearing. Tom left, when he went to the Wars, sums due him from various parties. Among others Mr. R. was to provide for my expenses out of the balance of the $_______ still unpaid. He wrote me sundry promissory "notes", but no money came. Tom incurred very heavy expenses in raising and supporting his men, and I found it would be necessary, as soon as I was strong enough to travel, to go to Elk County, close the house, and sell our farm stock. The forfeitures on our contracts for the new house ("St. Hub- erts'" as we called it) were several hundred dollars. I could not bear to distress Tom--so I sold/ well-among other things a beautiful silver fox-skin he had brought me from Utah ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F1_VolIIA_Red_p049.jpg) to pay off my monthly nurse. Of course I was cheated of two thirds of its value! Then R went off as a three- months man to the wars, still without paying over our money. So I appealed to my father for aid. I could not tell him how I happened to be moneyless, but he sent me a thousand dollars, and a scolding by mail for needing it. And the I took my baby, went up to the mountains and packed up all our goods. I was so lonely in the well-beloved place, where I could no longer see and hear my husband, that I worked too hard for my strength. I packed 51 large boxes in a week, straining a sinew in my hand in doing so. I kept a list of every- thing as I packed it, assuring our possessions with a sickly hope that some day Tom would praise my fore- thought if we should find them arranged Note: I think "R" here was T.L.K's brother Robert Patterson Kane, commonly referred to as Uncle Pat. already blackmailed out of the Explorers estate by the two Jews using the fox story to get him to "protect the family honor etc" till T.L.K. returning from Utah threatened the bastards as I recall the story. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F1_VolIIA_Red_p050.jpg) in convenient order for another home. When I opened the melodeon case to pack it up I found a little lover's note from Tom inside. He had thought I might come up there some day without him, and as he went through the county recruiting, had halted at our cottage to place it where he knew I must come with thoughts of him. It almost broke my fortitude. I sat down on one of the packing cases for a moment to recover my- self. How well I remember the flower-scented air that came blowing upon me from the open windows, the vivid colouring of the meadow and garden, and the pang at my heart as I looked upon the things he planted, and might see no more! But I had no thought of crying, I believe I could have screwed down a coffin lid in that day without a tear, and quoted Saunders Muckle- backit to myself. I only worked with ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F1_VolIIA_Red_p051.jpg) redoubled energy, while I unconsciously imbibed associations of melancholy with the drone and buzz of summer insects, and the passing shadows of clouds flying over the sunny fields. I drew up a lease, and let the Upland farm, I sold the cows, the farm utensils the chest of tea, the sugar, seed and other stores I had sent up the winter snow-road to be ready for our happy summer. I despatched all our goods to an empty house belonging to the Barretts <*> twenty miles off, for there was no safe place nearer -- As wagon after wagon rolled off, the old happy days seemed to recede further and further, and the cheerful rooms grown ghastly to ask why I lingered. The warm June breeze became a dreary wind that rattled the win- dows and whistled through the empty house and I made haste to be gone. By the time I reached Aunt Ann's my thousand dollars was almost exhausted. One of our dividends was over- due, and I wished to make enquiries respecting the stock. <*on the Marvin creek road about two miles west of Smethport.> ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F1_VolIIA_Red_p052.jpg) xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx I have torn out the pages that told the shock of my discovery that the stock was gone. It was the first time that I had learned the possibility that one loved and trusted by both Tom and myself could be a liar and dishonest. Of course I had read of such things in books, but I had no realising sense of their truth. The pain I suffered, the grief it cost me to inflict the same pain on my absent husband teach me to be lenient to the Kanes who would not believe my story. Their disbelief cost them dear enough! But I cannot wonder that they doubted me: it seemed an incredible thing to myself. They were all against me; and I felt so utterly alone! I could not tell the facts to my father who would have felt with me, nor to ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F1_VolIIA_Red_p053.jpg) Aunt Ann. But she surmised from my altered appearance the grave trouble which I felt I must conceal from her, and comforted me as a child might with loving caresses and mute sympathy. I was very ill, and rallied so slowly that Tom summoned me to spend a week with him at Camp. It was in October and the "Reserves" were at Tenallytown. Tom hired a room for me at a farmhouse, and we were very happy together till the orders came for him to cross the Potomac. I say "very happy", but it was a strange and solemn happiness we had on those occasions when we met during the War. It was like what I can imagine of the bliss granted to two lovers, one of whom has died, but is permitted an interview with the other. We dared not hope to live and work together, ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F1_VolIIA_Red_p054.jpg) in the far future, but I sought his counsel to guide my widowed life, and he was interested in the concerns of the household at Greenwood, and listened to my tales of the dear children whom he might not see. And it was inexprssibly sweet to interchange assurances of undying love. When we parted we tried to think only of the blessing granted us, and not of the future. But oh, how sad my days at Greenwood were! How our thoughts turned to the dear old mountain summers! When I visited Tom in his camp on Loudon Heights, I found that he had taught the horns of his band to play "Ai nostri monti ritorneremo L'antica pace ivi godremo" as a Sunday call. It brought the tears to my eyes, think- ing of his homesickness as I listened to the lovely sounds of floating across the quiet valley from the high rock on which the tents were pitched. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F1_VolIIA_Red_p055.jpg) V It was in 1862, when Tom was a wounded prisoner on parole, that I first visited the exact spot where our home now is. The Company generously allowed him to retain his Agency upon condition that their business did not suffer. They credited him with his full salary, deducting three fifths which they paid to a man whom he employed to carry out his instructions. The mental work Tom and I still did, and once or twice he was able to go up to the Estate, and rectify the numerous mistakes of his deputy. ______________________________________ new page here David Cornelius was one of the many instances in which my husband, by appealing to the better parts of a man's character, developed them as much as he restrained the worse ones by refusing to recognise them. What a number of men who, but for ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F1_VolIIA_Red_p056.jpg) him would be lost, would lay down their lives forhim because he first loved them! One who was a "tame" good man they would have classed with angels, women, and clergymen--beings not of like passions with themselves, to be treated with respectful avoidance. But they would submit to Tom's control in their wildest moments, because their rough hearts could be approached by a man Sans Reproche whom they saw to be also a man Sans Peur. I used to call Tom and Cornelius "Valentine and Orson", and the comparison was apt. <*> When we first met Cornelius, he was a "Coureur du Bois" in the employ of the Surveyor Dalson. In his child- hood he had been brought up among the Senaca indians. He had traversed the unbroken forests of our region with them, and was delighted when Tom first took him to his chosen house site to recognise the clean out little blazes of the old Indian paths to our Spring, and the ad- <* Look up.> ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F1_VolIIA_Red_p057.jpg) -joining Elk Hollow. He pointed immediately to their intersecting the Kenjus and Kittaning trails at the old Camp ground in proof that he had long ago visited the place when it was a choice hunting ground of the Senecas—Cornelius retained many Indian ways. When about to start on a scout in the woods to be absent several days, he would come to the house and leave behind him the trammels his pretty, though shrewish, old wife compelled him to wear "in the settlements". Off went coat, shoes and hat, and then he would run his fingers through his hair, saying, with a laugh "Lor; Mrs. Kane, child, a feller don't feel nat'ral in them things when he's got work before him". In those days he could run a deer down--a full grown deer--and pick up a porcupine and throw it over his head without being struck ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F1_VolIIA_Red_p058.jpg) struck by a quill. And among our white hunters he was an unequalled shot. Truthful as an expert, and un- rivalled in "running lines:, his word decided many a question of land titles in our courts. But while he was rigidly truthful where he regarded himself as upon honour, he delighted in "tall talk" where he had "greenies" to listen openmouthed. Tom had employed him since 1856 and acquired his unbounded attachment, and for Tom's sake he reined in his imagination in talking to me. His feats were quite wonderful enough without any of the exaggerations of his fertile fancy. I remember one which I will tell, as its credibility, did not depend upon dear old Dave's testimony. It was in the summer of 1864, during the second Draft, when the Country was sifting the ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F1_VolIIA_Red_p059.jpg) villages again for the refuse loungers of the bar-room to replace the heroes who had long ago volunteered to die in her cause. Among others Jem Porterfield was drafted, the reprobate husband of one of Cornelius' bright-eyed daughters. He had applied to Tom formoney to help him to buy a substitute, and on account of his unworthiness had been refused. Cornelius said he would buy him off himself if Tom would advance the money, and Tom with much difficulty prevailed upon him, as he thought, to give up the idea, and let Jem go. Now Cornelius had a good deal of simple cunning about him, and I have always thought he let the subject drop, so that Tom forgot the matter on purpose. There was some particularly difficult and exposing piece of work in the woods to be done ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F1_VolIIA_Red_p060.jpg) away down in Forest County somewhere on the headwaters of Millstone Creek. Tom sent Cornelius to run the line, and he went off with alacrity, saying "Well, General, good bye: I know you'll keep an eye on my folks and make it all right behind me." The old fox, I verily believe, foresaw what would happen, and trusted that Tom would yield to his remembered wish, instead of acting wisely as he had urged Cornelius to let him do. At any rate, it fell out that Cornelius was over forty miles from Howard Hill when Tom was told that the drafted men were gone from Smethport one bright morning to report next day at Waterford where the Provost Marshal was. Jem Porterfield, however, had gone no further than Smethport Tavern where he was taking a big drunk on the ground that he was a free man ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F1_VolIIA_Red_p061.jpg) "The Provest Marshal couldn't hang him, if it was the last day! General Kane was to put it through, and old Dave was bound to pay the money". Next his wife came, and taking from her pocket an order of Cornelius's for the amount necessary to buy Jem off, said "Ma' had got it from Pa' before he went, in case of needcessity". There was no help for it, but neither drunken Jem nor his comrades of the pothouse could be trusted with the money, nor could an able bodied man be obtained whose wife would let him go near the brisk market for substitutes that Waterford afforded. In this emergency Tom sentoff his contraband <*>Scipio from Barrett's on one of our carriage horses to make his way to Marien in Forest County. Another man rode the spare horse to Kane Summit to engage a hand-car and workers for the down-trip as far as Warren, thenearest railroad station then to Waterford. Meanwhile he set off himself to Portville *Scipio Africanus Young ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F1_VolIIA_Red_p062.jpg) where there was a Bank that there might be no pretext for declining to receive the money because his cheque was unknown. Next morning before daybreak he set out with the U.S. Notes in his pocket book to meet Corn- elius at the point set for his rendezvous. He thought it almost impossible for Cornelius to arrive in time, and that he would when he understood that everything had been done which could further his going, acquiesce with secret satisfaction in the saving of his money, and the loss of Jem. Scipio rode all day, and fell in with Cornlius below Marien some time after six o'clock, as he was coming in after a fatiguing day's work. The old man sat down for five minutes to think and to eat up the remnants of his dinner, and then as he said "put for Kane x is this Marionville? ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F1_VolIIA_Red_p063.jpg) Summit" through the woods. Only one familiar with the topography of the Big Level, whose characteristic is that it is crossed and recrossed constantly by numerous headstreams and their valleys, entering from opposite directions and continually interlocking with each other, can appreciate the difficulty of following its crest line through the pathless forest. Our best surveyors are constantly losing themselves there now, running out on on side spurs which they mistake for the main mountain, because they are the higher. Now this was Cornelius' exploit. He parted from Scipio at the last of the road way, and entered the woods about eight o'clock. After this he had not the trace of a path to guide him, andit was a dark summer night. About 9 o'clock it began to storm, one nowadays with Topographic maps knows x This is indeed a characteristic, How remarkable she observed it then ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F1_VolIIA_Red_p064.jpg) and the lightning flashes from time to time "helped him some". Between ten and eleven he rested awhile under the lee of a fallen tree, hoping the moon would rise at eleven. But it was a young or old moon, I for- got which, and its doubtful light hardly penetrated the clouds. At one o'clock again it lightened and thundered, "a mighty convenient thing, for I was making my way through the ma'sh then", he said. But he steadily kept on through rain and storm. He "ran the divide", that is, followed the crest line of the mountain and that parts the Eastern from the Western watershed, over "ma'sh", rock-heaps and windfalls, and about eight o'clock the next morning broke through the underbrush and emerged into the Howard Hill road near the appointed renedzvous. Thirty two miles since sunset! ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F1_VolIIA_Red_p065.jpg) Tom was already waiting, and took him up behind him on Clarion, as there was no time to be lost. He showed him the money, but urged him again the wisdom of letting Porterfield take the chances of being food for powder. Perhaps he might had prevailed, but Clarion was pushing steadily on towards Kane Station and Corn- elius never could endure to give up a chase. He would go. Need I add that he was in time? Such Scamps as Porterfield always get off. Poor old Cornelius came back three days later; success- ful, but oh so tired, looking to receive the thanks of his graceless beneficiary. Alas! he found Son James still lying drunk on the Smethport tavern floor. Through all our period of excitement and trouble, Porter- field had remained ever unconscious, continuously "happy." ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F1_VolIIA_Red_p066.jpg) When we lived at Williamsville in the dear old "Upland" Cottage people were often lost in the forest trying to cross to Ridgway from the N.Y. & Erie R.R. villages. Cornelius was sent for one day all the way from Farmer's Valley to our house, good thirty miles, to search for a man and woman who were lost. They were foot-travellers who had mentioned their intention of proceeding to a certain settlement by a path through the woods, but had not arrived there, though they had been since seen to enter the forest at the point where the path diverged from the main road. When Cornelius returned to us a week after, I asked if he had found the pair. "Oh law yes, I found them in course. If the folks didn't know that I had some judg- ment of the ways of the critters when they're scar't, why should they send for me?" "Well, how did you set out to look for them. Of course you began at thepath, and followed up their tracks ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F1_VolIIA_Red_p067.jpg) No, hehad proceeded rapidly for some time because he knew that they had been searched for by blunderers sufficiently often to efface their tracks. It was not until he reached a point where he calculated they must have arrived about sunset that he began his search. At that hour the level rays make various and confusing paths apparent as the long lines of light dart through the foliage. People are then easily induced to wander from the direct road. Cornelius' quick eyes at length caught some token of their passage in a broken twig or two, a torn scrap of the woman's dress--some little thing we would never have noticed. And now he followed the trail carefully. As he expected, the first water-course they came to they had followed down stream. That was all right, and he saw they had made themselves snug for the night, lying under the shelter of a fallen tree. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F1_VolIIA_Red_p068.jpg) But their troubles had begun in the morning "when the water began to run up the hill, ye know", nodding his head at, Tom who signed to me not to interrupt with the question I was ready to ask. I fancied hemight have some mysterious masonic meaning, and held my peace. He resumed: "When they got flustered, and began going here and there, I kept on the woman's track for I knew she wouldn't get her feet wet crossing the stream as often as he would. Besides, he'd make a longer track, and he'd come back to her as long as they had their senses. That day they'd eaten berries and such-like. But towards night they'd parted company, and she seemed to have rested mighty often, and slept just where she happened to have dropped down. The third day I come up with her. I stole up just as cautious as if she was a doe, ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F1_VolIIA_Red_p069.jpg) till I got near her, and then I come walking up just as unconcerned as you please. But the minute she caught sight of me, she flew, quicker'n a deer, and I don't know when I'd ha' caught her if she hadn't tripped over a witch-hopple, and fallen. She was up and off again but I was up with her and held her". "How did she look; was she very thankful?" ""Look! she didn't look noways steady for a minute. She was clear crazy you know, the woods always makes them so and women quicker'n men. Her hair was all hanging down, and her clothes in tatters. Her sunbonnet she'd left where she slept. First of all she wouldn't go with me, and I had to coax her a deal. Poor thing, she was beat out! I gave her some whiskey and a bite of bread, and after ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F1_VolIIA_Red_p070.jpg) she took to crying, and then I know'd she was all right. So she follow'd on like a lamb till we went back to where they'd parted company, and then I soon found the man. "Did he run?" "No, child, he didn't run, but he was harder to manage. He'd turned sullen, and he'd neither speak a work nor move, and when he did come along he wanted to go his own way and not follow me". "Was he glad to meet his wife?" "Well, I guess she warn't his wife, and as near as I could make out, he'd gone and left her o'purpose when she turned crazy. She didn't seem to remember it, but she seemed kind o'set agin him, and I did hear after- wards that when they got to the village they went away different roads." ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F1_VolIIA_Red_p071.jpg) When Tom went to the War he left Cornelius in charge of many matters. Regarding the Company as belonging to Tom he would do much for them, but the Company were nothing if he conceived that Tom's interests could be advanced at their expense. Fid- elity was innate, but Honesty at a friend's cost he had not yet learned to regard as a virtue. He was fond of employing lawyers, and, poor as he was, always retained the shrewdest and most unscrupulous attorney he could find, paying him an annual sum with the feeling that, the best "Medicine Man" once secured, all the "misfortunes" into which his erratic genius might lead him would "come out right". Tom was too fond of Cornelius ever to admit to me but I often observed with a secret amusement, the embarr- assments caused by his ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F1_VolIIA_Red_p072.jpg) friend's peculiar methods of testifying his attach- ment. Sometimes they were easily remedied; but at others when the half-tamed wolf had brought a yet quivering morsel of mutton to his master's feet--oh the wistful looks of poor Cornelius--the half satis- faction with which he would announce to me that it couldn't be put back, the hurt feeling when he found that his master wouldn't eat the tid-bit! Men of intellect who are totally illiterate often retain the child's fresh powers of observation and imitation only sharpened and instructed by the more correct judgmentof years. Cornelius lamented his want of "book-learning" but it would probably have dulled his wonderful sagac- ity. Rude hunter as he was, he always elicited from Mother the courteous grace she invariably showed when she felt herself in a gen- ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F1_VolIIA_Red_p073.jpg) tleman's company, and he on his part conducted him- self with the manners of a General Jackson. Arcades Ambo! With our old Quakers of the Company he would show a sly simplicity that was beautiful to behold. When he could no longer contain the glee which filled him in recalling some egregious blunder into which their ignorance of the forest had allowed him to lead them--he would narrate it to me with studied gravity. I can see him yet, answering the unspoken protest he saw coming over Tom's face; "Now Colonel Kane, what was a poor onlarned hunter like me to say! 'Twasn't for me to contradict scientific men, ye know. And so, Mrs. Kane, I took them, bein' as they were kinder onsatisfied with the light ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F1_VolIIA_Red_p074.jpg) color of the arth on Williamsville down to Flanders. I didn't say one word to deceive em now, I didn't sartain sure! Then they was satisfied. They was over shoe tops in the hemlock muck, and there they said to each other that they'd got fine rich black loam now! Then the looked up at the Hemlocks overhead, and began reckoning up how many feet of Pine a good sawyer could make out of them."! In those days settlers reckoned a Hemlock forest the "abomination of desolation." <*> <*As farm land its sour, stony and cold. As timber it does not compare with pine-especially the beautiful tall white-pine "spar timber" of the Cameron and Elk County areas she speaks of Tom wanting to invest in which was cut and rafted to below Harrisburg and to New Orleans because of its beautieus straight long ship timber quality.> ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F1_VolIIIA_p001.jpg) Early History of Kan Written by E.D.K <171 followed by Pg 1> her grandchildren- (Carbon) (2nd Ha[-] 171 followed by 1 Ch. 6 Pg. 143 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F1_VolIIIA_p003.jpg) 2 sets of Page Numbers 1st section 143 to 171 2nd section 1 to 42 We leave Emporium Jumps to 176 over NORTH FORK TO RED MILL BROOK TO POTATO CREEK Ends on 179 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F1_VolIIIA_p004.jpg) THE STORY OF THE "MOTHER OF THE REGIMENT" VOLUMN III CHAPTER XVII A WOUNDED OFFICER GOES BACK TO PICK UP WHAT REMAINS PAGE 143 CHAPTER XIX WHAT HAD HAPPENED TO OUR PRECIOUS RAILROAD ARTERY INTO THE HEART OF OUR WILD LAND PAGE 159 CHAPTER XX CLINTON AND CAMERON COUNTIES BEFORE THE RAILROAD CAME PAGE 165 CHAPTER XXI FROM SINNEMAHONING WATERS INTO McKEAN COUNTY BY NUNUNDAH AND MARVIN CREEKS PAGE 209 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F1_VolIIIA_p005.jpg) Kane Returned via FORTRESS MONROE on PAROLE AUG. 19. 1862 143 1862 JOURNEY TO KANE CHAPTER VI I always thought that it was to rectify some piece of over zeal on the part of Cornelius, that Tom journeyed to the mountains in 1862. I accom- panied him as he needed care. The ball <*> that entered his leg at Harrisonburg had been taken out, but the wound had not been properly probed, I suppose, for he was then suffering from the first of many severe attacks of pain which we learned to attribute to the gradual working to the surface of splinters of bone, and shreds of underclothing. As we neared Lock Haven coming up the Northern passengers recognised Tom, and pressed him, instead of resting over Sunday at Elmira to pause at Lock Haven. When he had brought down his <* His bucktails said it was a "Pistol Ball", Therefore probably fired by a rebel officer - like Ashley whom they shot> ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F1_VolIIIA_p006.jpg) Buckteils from the mountains the citizens of Lock Haven had not only bidden them God Speed, but had also warmed and fed them, and sent them on their way rejoicing. Now Lycoming County was trying to raise a regiment upon the new call for troops, and the presence of a live wounded hero would be of great service in awakening the patriotism of her young men. On his part Tom was glad to repay the kind feeling Lock Haven had displayed; and I eagerly welcomed the prospect of passing our Sunday in the cool air of Lock Haven, instead of in sunny, glaring Elmira. So we agreed to go there. Great excitement; myserious telegraphic message despatched; return message received---Special Car provided for Colonel Kane on the little branch road from Williamsport- all there was then of our ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F1_VolIIIA_p007.jpg) P. & E. R.R. We arrive at Lock Haven--Committee to meet us-- solemn escort to the, ahem, Omnibus! The Committee explain that, owing to, ahem, circumstances in fact, they can not at once provide a private vehicle. "Circumstances", in fact the weight of the omni- bus and the depth of the mud also interfered to pre- vent the removal of the horses, and our being drawn to the hotel by the enthusiastic citizens. Still other circumstances in truth the skittishness of the near mare must constrain the band to keep silence until we reached the hotel. But the rest of the programme was carried out. The bend was there, and the citizens, walking two and two along the board sidewalk, while we slowly floundered through the mud. It was not unlike a funeral, and ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F1_VolIIIA_p008.jpg) as it often happens at a funeral we were nervously inclined to laugh when it was our bounden duty to keep still and grave. I shrouded myself in my thick veil, but I could see Tom's eyes dancing and his moustache twitching in the effort to control his mirth. I dared not glance at him, when a boy clambering up, looked in, and identifying him by the crutch, cried, "Is this the precession all for him? Why he's no bigger than a minute!" At length the Hotel was reached, and, judging from the cheering that I hear from my room, the few words that Tom said to the crowd before he entered were very acceptable. He could not walk, even with his crutch, more than a few steps at a time, and he made his appearance in my room borne in an armchair by four Committee-men. I made him ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F1_VolIIIA_p009.jpg) lie down to rest, and almost immediately the slate of the window shutters were tilted by two "ladies" whose curiosity to behold the hero of the hour was ungovern- able. After tea Tom was lying back in the rocking chair, dictating some letters to me, when in came the Committee again, chair and all. They had organised a Meeting, would promise not to ask him to speak, but he must show himself. And when he yielded, they raised him aloft and bore him away in triumph. Once there the people insisted on his speaking, and the assembly waxed so numerous that by Common con- sent they adjourned the meeting to the open street. It was very late before the chair came bumping up the stair, its occupant almost exhausted with fatigue, but the bearers full of exulation in the num- ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F1_VolIIIA_p010.jpg) -erous enlistments the enthusiasm Tom had created was likely to produce. There was a Mr. ____ living at Lock Haven--once a Director in the Sunbury & Erie Railroad, with whom Tom had had many a sharp altercation when he, also a Director, was opposing the old Trout Run Route. He had disliked Tom; and Tom also disliked him. They met on different terms at Lock Haven now and arranged to travel as far as Emporium together, following the West Branch of Susquehanna to its Driftwood headwaters. I was delighted with the prospect of pursuing the route I had so often traced on the map for our future Railroad through the mountains instead of taking the wearisome detour through "York State" which had hitherto been necessary. Mr. Price was to furnish the car- ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F1_VolIIIA_p011.jpg) riage, we provided the horses, and a country Doctor returning to his home in Emporium was well contented to act as a driver. The Doctor was thin and spectacled, with curly hair turning grey, a nose with a comical twist, and a skin of so delicate a texture that the purple veins seemed on the very surface. Mr. was a little misshapen man, old and rather repulsive looking; I was sure I should dislike him. After a quiet Sunday in the pretty village of Lock Haven, we started on our journey. As far as the rails were laid, it was agreed that we should ride on Our Road as we said with an air of possession. The carriage was to meet us at the end of the track. We rode on a plat- form car pushed by a locomotive following behind. It was so early that the valley was still ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F1_VolIIIA_p012.jpg) filled with mist, and as it dispensed before the rays of the morning sun, there was something very inspiriting in our smooth forward motion. The fog seemed to retire before our advance, it was hard to realise that we were not driving it away. I looked longingly along the track before us whose long shining lines were to be the ladder climbing to that Castle-in-the-Air where I faintly hoped I might one day dwell with the dear one at my side. High above the sum- mits of the hills that we were passing, Tom said, our home would be; and his description of the green table- land we should find reminded me of Jack's Country above the beanstalk. How often I think of that day, and my almost hopeless longing for the home, as I sit here on its porch, and see the cars entering the valley below me, and slowly ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F1_VolIIIA_p013.jpg) climbing the long shining lines. Here I dwell above the beanstalk ladder, and the war with the Giant is over. But then! That journey was snatched between such anxious seasons! My husband's holiday was pleasant to him by contrast with the Southern prison he had just left. But he was still a prisoner on parole, and when I looked at his pale suffering face with its scars, and the crutch on which he leaned, I scarcely dared to "lift up mine eyes unto the hills." He saw I was moved with an emotion I could scarcely conceal from our companions and kindly diverted my thoughts to the scenery through which our road lay. At Lock Haven the West Branch is a considerable river, spreading its waters widely ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F1_VolIIIA_p014.jpg) in the rich valley it waters. But when we left the car for the carriage, the valley had contracted, and the stream rushed in a deeper narrower channel, over- hung by thehills, which were higher and steeper than the gently swelling ones about Lock Haven. In some places there were strips of flat land by the water- side that had been tilled for a long time, but there were none of the thriving villages and lumbering settlements that have sprung up since the Railroad opened the country. There was a road which had been a weekly stage route they told me, but the available ground in some of the gorges was not enough for both Rail Road end highway. So the Railroad had frequently placed itself upon the very site of the old stage-route, and travellers were in luck if they could safely drive down ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F1_VolIIIA_p015.jpg) the bank into the bed of the creek along which they must follow. In other places the space left for the road was so narrow that our Pennsylvania-made carriage, requiring a wider track than the northern-bred road- makers had estimated to be needful, was literally with- in an inch of slipping over the precipitous hillside. It is true that the trees might have caught us before we could roll into the rocky bed of the river; but as we went swiftly down the steeps I pinched Tom's hand in silent terror. At the foot of one such hill, Mr. P. beamed on me smiling. "My wife and daughter would have screamed till they frightened the horses into upsetting them at that place", he explained. My "Adam", more magnanimous than our common forefather was nobly silent with regard to the pinches he had received. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F1_VolIIIA_p016.jpg) Price's Daughter had attended Female Medical College Very soon we glided into the conversation which travellers by sea or in lonely lands are prone to indulge in. After- wards one feels a little ashamed to recall the openness of these communications--the stories of his inner life that Mr. So and So certainly never was entitled to hear. But it seems very natural at the time, and lends half the charm to thejourney. I do not remember how we came to talk of Spirit- ualists, but the subject introduced Robert Dale Owen, and then Mr. told us that he had courted his own wife at New Harmony. They had both been mambers of the Society, and quitted it upon their marriage. Then I told ofthe old friendship subsisting between my grandparents and old David Dale, and thence we div- erged to the tie between us – the Female Medical College to which his dead daughter and I had both belonged. She X had mentioned me to ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F1_VolIIIA_p017.jpg) him I found, and he had felt kindly towards me for her sake. He told us her story. She was engaged to be married, but put it off until her college course was over. In the meantime over-application to her studies enfeebled a naturally delicate frame. (I looked at the father, and remembering others of the long-descended Quaker line so constantly intermarrying said to myself charitably, "Scrofula!!) He went on to tell the trial it was to her to begin Practical Anatomy, how she drooped as if the at- mosphere of Death was infectious, but would not cease her labours. Her lover urged that she was sacrificing him as well as herself, and then she insisted on releasing him from his engage- ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F1_VolIIIA_p018.jpg) 156 -ment. He refused to accept his freedom, and said he would go to the War. He fell honorably, in one of the early battles, but she did not live to hear his fate. Her poor father's lips quivered as he said that after her death they found in her desk her mother's remonstrating letters; blistered by the poor girl's tears. There was a paper tied up with them that showed she had made a decision to sacrifice her love. But the piteous answer to her mother's appeals told how sore the struggle had been between her heart and the conscience ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F1_VolIIIA_p019.jpg) [conscience] which enlightened by increasing knowledge taught her that one with the inheritance she must bring her husband, ought not to marry. "Consumption is very prevalent in our family", he added. My husband's eyes and mine met sadly. We re- called that other calamitous inheritance of the Price family, the fear of transmitting which had undoubtedly burdened poor Mary's heart. Was her maiden grave less a martyr's refuge that that which poor Mrs. ____ has found? She has just sunk under her fourteenth success- ful effort since 1853 to bring into the world a weakling to whom no physiologist would promise length of days. Poor little waxen creatures, they were pretty and frail as flowers; I have been often up and down the Railroad since, but the rapid beat of the train as it carries me past that gorge never ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F1_VolIIIA_p020.jpg) fails to bring up before my eyes that bowed old gray head mourning, and the noisy River which was then heedlessly the rains of a broken bridge. I recal my feeling of contrition as my secret scorn of the shabby figure changed to sympathy in his sorrow, and to respect too for the feeling that kept him a warm friend of the College. The same instinct that makes the father whose son died on the field of battle uphold the cause in which he fell, makes Philip Price defend the enter- prise in which his daughter perished. He cannot bear to think that was not worth dying for, for which so precious a life was given. _____________________________________________ Note: It used to be remarked in Arch Street by the Demonstrators that women bear the first intro- duction to the Dissecting Room better than men. Women rarely fail at first but when men are be- coming indifferent, their strength seems to flag as if under the influence of a subtile poison. I remember Miss Preston seemed in nowise sur- prised when I sickened, weeks after I had begun Dissection. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F1_VolIIIA_p021.jpg) Dr. G. was one of the contractors on the Rail- road, and he pointed out the damages which a great flood had committed in the spring. The rip-rap stoning of the Railroad embankment washed down the river to become the foundation of little rapids, up which we found it difficult to make our way; the broken bridges with a solitary abutment here and there furn- ished texts for many a dismal little history of ruin. He himself was desirous of inspecting "what was left of "the job". He showed us a bare, gravelly plain some acres in extent with a poor unpainted house standing in it. About a mile below, a turn of the river had displayed a farm of rich meadow land and a comfortable white house. Here lived Elder Peck, well-off in purse, but little liked in the ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F1_VolIIIA_p022.jpg) country on account of his grasping spirit. He had "lawed" the owner of the little farm upon whose site we were until he was almost ruined. Then, to complete the poor men's misery, the flood came and swept off every rod of alluvial soil from his meadow to deposit it on Elder Sage's shore: During the flood, Dr. Gibson said, all the chickens, cats and dogs deserted the valley, and joining with the wild animals who seemed to be equally terrified, they howled, chattered, squeaked and mauled in demoniac chorus through the long moonlight nights. He pointed out a tree on a little island of gravel which had an acc- umulation of driftwood against it as the spot where an when her shanty was swept away. He had heard her tell of her terrified attempts to keep the children awake, and how she finally fell ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F1_VolIIIA_p023.jpg) 161 asleep herself from exhaustion in spite of the Witches' Sabbath echoing from the hillsides; and woke-praise God - to find all safe, and the flood subsiding. When we reached a point called Rattle-Snake there was a tavern where we ordered dinner. Mr. Price's agent came to him as we all rested in the common room. He had a plan with him for a town which Mr. Price designed laying out at that place (Landlord said he'd be d___d - if he'd ever call it "Whetham"!) and the gentlemen were soon absorbed in it. I strolled awhile on the river bank, and on re-entering the room found another person there a tall elderly man with a red face, a redder nose and watery eyes, but with curly grey hair and rather a pleasing expression. He hovered round the group, into which a chair had been drawn for me, and I felt sorry to remark the snubs he received from Doctor Gibson and the agent when he ventured a remark. I made some trif- ling observation to him to which he returned a courteous answer. But I was ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F1_VolIIIA_p024.jpg) sensible that a constraint fell upon the gentlemen, so I subsided into silence, and soon the old man went away. Not however without making me a signal to be quiet, and to my surprise d rawing my handkerchief from my pocket unobserved by anyone else. I fancied he was crazy, especially as he turned as though he were going to carry it off, but he brought it back directly and slipped it into my pocket. I thought no more of it, for they began to tell some interesting story, and then came dinner. When we resumed ourjourney Tom asked who he was, and Dr. Gibson answered that he was the wreck of the best physician in the countryside, and Tom seemed to recognise his name. He had been too much of a politician, and had wasted his substance in too hospitable living, until he sank into a half-sottish lounger in the country bar-rooms. As we drove on it seemed to me that there must be a wasp in the carriage, for I recognised the peculiar odour "like Mamma's rosewood box" the children say. I looked round but saw nothing. Presently Tom ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F1_VolIIIA_p025.jpg) who sat next me looked up at the top of the carriage, then behind him and at each side. Then Mr. ___ and Dr. ___ went through the same manoeuvres, and at last some one hazarded the suggestion that there was a very queer smell about. I said I thought it must be Wasps, and we were proceeding to discuss the peculiarities of these volatiles, when I sneezed and drawing forth my handkerchief a general exclamation plunged me in confusion! The poor old Doctor had shown his gratitude for my civility by perfuming the handkerchief with Oil of Rhodium! By this time we had reached the scene of Dr. G's last year's labours, and he with Mr. ___ left the carriage under some shady trees, while they went to look at "what was left". Tom was glad to stretch his maimed limb on the cushions, and I knelt down beside the stream to wash my handkerchief. Concluding to let it soak as long as possible, I ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F1_VolIIIA_p026.jpg) anchored it by a stone, and then removing shoes and stockings amused myself by wading in the clear shallows, while Tom kept guard. Long before the gentlemen reappeared, I had resumed my seat by Tom with my "wash" hung out to dry on the book of the carriage. We sat quite long enough to grow sleepy in the warm afternoon, seeing nothing in motion but the glancing water and a lazy thin blue smoke curling from the chimney of a farmhouse in an orchard near by. Dr. was so quiet when he came back that I saw the flood had damaged his work more than it was any pleasure to confess. When we came to a spot where the River Valley widened to meet another, Tom pointed it out as the con- fluence of Bennett's Branch with the Sinnemahoning. The hills here were rising to the altitude of mountains and already threw their shadows over the Meeting of the Waters. Here he had <* DRIFTWOOD> ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F1_VolIIIA_p027.jpg) Bent Winslow directed "Bent Winslow" in the spring of '61, to meet him with the volunteers who lived "up Bennett's Branch way". Tom with his men on hastily made and insecure rafts, floated to the rendezvous, but found it still and solitary. At length the "South Elk" volunteers drifted round the point whole company strong, shout- ing the Star-Spangled Banner, as they poled themselves my husband's wound which had pained him all day was causing him severe suffering. I had just fallen asleep that night when he roused me, apologis- ing for the trouble he was obliged to give me. Would I bring him the chloroform? Of course I could find no matches, and of course when I at length groped my way into the adjoining room, and searched the valise there was no chlorofom. It had gone ahead in the trunk that was to meet us at Barrett's! To add to my poor husband's discomfort, his hand dangling as they carried ____________________________________________ "Since I wrote this Dr. ____ pointed the house out to me. No wonder I did not recognise it. It forms the kitchen end of the "Grant House", with difficulty distinguished among the crowded houses of the borough of Sterling. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F1_VolIIIA_p029.jpg) him through the garden, had brushed some irritating plant. He must have rubbed his eyes, I suppose afterwards, for they began to inflame, and all night he was uncertain whether eyes or wound hurt most. Morning dawned before he could lie down. Then the would began to suppurate freely, and then he felt easier. Much as I love my husband, I had found it impossible even for his sake to struggle against the influence of fatigue and a feather bed. Let it be recorded to his credit that he did not accuse me of having snored, while he watched through the long hours ofdarkness. It was a curious thing to note that for a fortnight afterwards two scarlet streaks marked the acrid course of the scalding tears that had run down his cheeks. The farmhouse was long and low, built at different times, the owner told us. He said that before the staging days, all intercourse along ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F1_VolIIIA_p030.jpg) the valley was maintained by canoes and flatboats which came up loaded with "store goods", and returned with a cargo of pelts. His house, standing in a conspicuous bend of the river, had been a convenient stopping place for the peddlers. It seems to me, he said, there was some smuggling done, andI asked Was there anything contraband before the War? It amused me to recall the seriousness of his tone of condemnation of the practice, whatever it was, when I subsequently learned that he was a known shipper of counterfeit coin from the private Mints which abounded in our fast- * nesses. When we first came up to McKean "very respectable people" were still connected with this branch of trade. As to horse-thieves we happenedto be placed, as hunters may "upon one of their runways". They could obliterate all traces of their passage from New York in going through our wilderness, and re- ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F1_VolIIIA_p031.jpg) reappear in Southern Pennsylvania or Ohio safe from York State Warrants. Occasionally we saw them on the return trip as respectable traders with a drove for sale. I once knew all the male inhabitants some half dozen in number of the hamlet below us in the valley take to the woods "for cause" on the apparition of the Sheriff at the entrance of the glen. One poor gentleman stayed in the forest three days, until his "lady" sought him and informed him the Sheriff had "wanted" another dweller in the Happy Valley, whom he had now secured and taken away with him. A man had brought Tom a very nice secondhand buggy for sale, hearing that he wanted one. The terms were reasonable and Tom gladly purchased it. He agreed to give it over to our groom at the tavern "wishing" he said "to rest and feed his horse before saddling him". When our men returned he brought the ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F1_VolIIIA_p032.jpg) stranger's politely expressed "compliments to Colonel and regrets that a gentleman had called and raised, a question of title". In other words he and the buggy were both captured by the Sheriff, who removed them next day, the buggy to its legitimate owner; the gentleman to jail. He was careful to explain to my husband afterwards that "that writ would never have took him", if he had not imagined that he crossed the enjoying the public hospitality. Unsophisticated children of Nature, our citizens had not yet learned to contemplate without admiration the perpetrators of those offences justly termed "artificial". It takes a "cute" and clerkly mind to be a counterfeiter, a forger, a successful "lifter" of horses, and the Boe- otian mind respected it accordingly. There is a venerable aire, one of the patriarchs of our County who with his respected son holds every year ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F1_VolIIIA_p033.jpg) some influential County or Township office. Yet I know many of the electors remember as well as I do when old E_______ lodged the younker in jail for stealing money from his "burying ground." He had been so hard a father, and was so vindictive in the among us. The point of the joke against the old man was that the son prevailed on him not to prosecute by threatening to plead guilty to stealing" that Counter- feit Money" alluding to certain 50 cent pieces, of which hehad taken the precaution to carry off a rouleau with the rest. We spent another night in the village of Emporium – a very old settlement – one of those which like Instanter its neighbor – retained nothing of its earlier promise but the name. Emporium became so ashamed of its pretentious title that the people around preferred to call it by that of the township, Shippen ("Shipping" they pronounced it by-the-bye.) It has received newlife ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F1_VolIIIA_p034.jpg) PRICE AND DR. GIBSON> from theRailroad and has resumed its old name. The tavern where we slept was burned to the ground soon after, but I learned that bugs andboarders alike were hospitably accommodated in the new "Biddle House." Another brilliant summer morning shone upon us as we left Emporium, after taking leave of Messrs. Price and Gibson, who were to go no further. Our route no longer followed the line of the Sunbury & Erie, indeed I am not sure that there was then any road along its course beyond Emporium. As we drove along the narrow flat, our driver, one of the natives, pointing towards the hills that shut us in said, "There's Earle's the Pirate's Horse Barn!" "Where?" I asked, for there was no sign of a clearing on any of the wooded slopes. "There, on that spur between West Creek and Drift- wood. I reckon you think you don't see it? ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F1_VolIIIA_p035.jpg) 2 Well, some wouldn't see it if they was standing on it." Here he laughed and I asked what he meant, and why hetalked of Pirates in these far inland valleys. "Well" he said, "they always call Mr. Earle, "Earle the Pirate". In his young days he was taken prisoner once for piracy, and they fastened him down in the hold of the ship, thinking they'd got a prize. But he scuttled the ship and soon made them let him up to take his chance with the rest." "Was he tried, or did he escape from the wreck?" But the man could not tell meanything more, and then my husband said he believed Earle was only a Colombian privateer. The driver was inclined to resent this as a diminution of the renown of the local celebr- ity, and ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F1_VolIIIA_p036.jpg) to turn the subject I enquired if it was because he was a sailor that hechose to stable his horses on a spot so ill-chosen as a mountain-top among the woods. The man answered with a chuckle that "Mr. Earle knew his own business best; and there wa'n't either walled barn or pastur' needed, the way he dealt in horses. That he imported them in from "the Divide", and didn't keep them long on hands." Tom explained to me that Mr. Earle was accused of being ugly thing popularly termed a "horse-thief". That they called his "horse barn" a place where marks still on the ground showed that stolen horses had been hitched. When I asked How long ago, meaning how many generations, how many scores of years ago, the driver interposed "He doesn't follow it now, I believe." "What, is he living?" I cried, and Tom said ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F1_VolIIIA_p037.jpg) that he was not only not dead, but well-esteemed in Emporium, and he added in a half whisper "no more ashamed of hisold profession than of the title of "Pirate". And he asked me if I thought that Earle had the bearing and manner of one who felt himself a thief. "Why Tom!" I exclaimed, "you don't mean that Earle the Pirate was that grand-looking old giant you intro- duced to me this morning? I can't believe he was ever a horse-thief." "Think of him then as one of your Highland reivers, transplanted to a wilder country than the Highlanders delighted in, and you will not wonder so much," he answered rejoined. NOTE: What Earle's story was, and why hecame here I do not know, but his sobriguet shows that he was a seafaring man. Just beyond us in the valleys which we were penetrating, there lives a group of wild settlers near akin to each other. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F1_VolIIIA_p038.jpg) Earle employs men ostensibly for sawmill business but available for horse business whose grandfathers "moved in" with old Earle or about his time. Some of these grandfathers I know were emigrants from the seaboard county of Monmouth in New Jersey and from the way a new settlement is apt to consist of families allied by ties of blood or kin- ship, I presume that they were all seaward bred. What brought them to these ravines; why did they all enter into horse-thieving and "coining", or highway "operations"! Was it the same law which makes plants and animals gather and flourish in the spots that suit them best? However this may be, Earle and his congeners took naturally to the region. Earle nominally managed a Saw-Mill, and incidentally did some work in that way, but his ostensible occupation gave him excuse for employ- ing a number of men who were really engaged in the "horse business." ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F1_VolIIIA_p039.jpg) He must have felt himself to be the chief of the country, king by virtue of his size and prowess, One of his peculiarities was that of claiming as his perquisite all the deer that were shot up West Creek. Not that he owned lands on West Creek. So far as I know he simply felt himself at home there, and resented intrusion. Dr. Freeman, the big brave surgeon of the Bucktails, asserts that his father once thrashed old Earle. Free- man Senior had shot a deer at the mouth of West Creek, which Earle ordered him to relinquish, aiming at him with his rifle when he refused. Before he could fire, Freeman closed with him and threw him. Earle gave up the door, and the incident was the foundation of a last- ing friendship between the two: Earle avowing that he had not known before that Freeman was a "better man" than himself. In more recent days, Dr. Freeman as a young man, interfered ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F1_VolIIIA_p040.jpg) to prevent his cousin, Sam Freemen's daughter, marry- ing Jerome Bonaparte Earle, the Pirate's grandson, but that was on account of the younger Earle's personal character, and some story associated with leaves torn from a justice's docket. I think the justice was old Sam. Freeman himself, by the way, but Dr. Freeman is reluctant to tell the tale, whether for his kinsman's sake ormine, I don't know. There are such singular passages in the lives of ourpeople here, that I always check my questionings when my interlocutor halts. It may be that hismotives are those which Dickens' "Mr. Wegg" assigns for not explaining before a lady the diff- erence between Romans and Russians; or it may be that when I speak of "horses" I become personal! According to Joe, who works for us now as teamster, Jerome B. Zerle, after his love troubles were over, went to Philadelphia and opened a saloon-cellar near the State House; at the corner of Sixth and Chestnut ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F1_VolIIIA_p041.jpg) Streets, I believe, where he doubtless found customers as uncertain in their morals as his own people. His lady-love's father, old Sam Freeman, is a strong-minded infidel, who will call my husband his particular friend, to my own particular vexation. He lives up on Driftwood on the Edge of our tract. _________________________________________ After passing the headland of "Earle's Horse Barn". Tom pointed out to me that we were turning up North Fork to plunge into our own solitudes. Had we followed the Driftwood a little longer, we should soon have found ourselves in "The Estate" whose eastern boundary we wore skirting. Here we felt at home; here romantic notion; Here lands we paid most taxes on. Known to me before this only by the Warrant Numbers on the map, and now on the ground apparent only as separately undistin- guishable masses of pine and hemlock forest above, as Miss Bronte would say; "above me they rose high and towered green." But my husband forgot ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F1_VolIIIA_p042.jpg) X Level trail on hardwood clud crest-line the pain of his wounds, and his languid eyes bright- ened with interest as he greeted the hills he knew so well. He called my attention to the strata which were exposed by the side-hill cuttings as we ascended the dying out of the old red – the first beginnings of the Coal Measures – and told me that patches of our lowest veins were to be found on these hill tops. Up there, on the summits, he said, a thousand feet above the levels of the evergreen valley, was a hardwood country where the grapevine hung from walnut, butternut and oak trees, such as never grew on our frostier western warrants. Was there no road along there, I asked eagerly? "No" he answered, "no road for the dear public, but for him who holds the key of the Divide, there is a perfectly level trail along the Crest Line; and this X is what Jake (our driver) means by Earle's importing his horses via the Divide. The bears, however, are doubtless ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F1_VolIIIA_p043.jpg) 20 < > DR. S. D. FREEMAN'S GREAT-GRANDFATHER CHADWICK AT MOUTH OF NORTH FORK- in undisturbed possession now that the "boys" are away at the War." I saw few signs of habitation in the country as BUCKTAIL we advanced, but it was from valleys of Driftwood such CO. as this North Fork and Lewis Run that my husband re- C cruited the best men of his brave reckless Compeny C AND from here too came so many of Bayard's lst Penna. BAYARD'S Cavalry. which brigaded with our regiment. 1st These same ravines sheltered Lewis and his PENNA. comrade Comly, the highwaymen. Their exploits have CAVALRY. never been printed, but by one or other of his meny LEWIS aliases the deeds of Lewis are told through five or the six of the Southwestern Counties. When pursuit was highway- hot after him, he sought refuge in our glens. man where his wild kinsfolk were happy to receive him. refuges Here at the/mouth of North Folk was pointed out to me, the settlement of our Bucktail Doctor Freeman's great ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F1_VolIIIA_p044.jpg) - - x POOR STETLER grandfather Chadwick. The little farm, which boasts a square of old apple-trees is now the home of Mrs. Sweesy, "who was a Hamilton", but whose great claim to distinction is that she was Comly's niece. I asked Tom what became of Lewis & Comly – supposing that they too might have become eminent patriarchs like Mr. Earle. But he said their story was on record – meaning on the records of the Court. The pair were betrayed, somewhere lower down than here: on Sinnemahoning waters, however. Shot down without being given a chance to fight, and then put into a canoe and floated to Lock Haven. They died of their wounds, and did not pine in prison "like poor Stettler". x I detected a tone of sympathy in my husband's voice, and a combative spirit arose in me. The nov- elist and the poet, and the lapse of time, have not sufficiently acted upon the stories of our country. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F1_VolIIIA_p045.jpg) for me to realise without an effort that the swearing ruffians I see about us who have slept under the dews of heaven, lying in wait for game – until their clothing has an Esau-like smell, almost overpowering the odour of their whiskey – are as interesting as the Hutters, Hurry Harrys and Deerslayers of Cooper. So it was that I felt conscious that what my husband calls my "General Washington Mask" was harden- ing my face when I asked, to divert his attention from my lack of pity for Lewis – whose fate I secretly thought well deserved: – who "poor Stettler" was We were nearing Stettler's as I spoke – a log cabin with a little patch of apple green pasture reclaimed from the forest, to which a narrow path led upward from the stream. It was, I think, the last clearing we passed in X GEORGE WASHINGTON MASK. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F1_VolIIIA_p046.jpg) in climbing up the valley of North Fork. My husband told me that, long before he dreamed of taking a particular interest in this country, he had heard of Stettler's "cabin up North Fork" from Stettler himself, who was tried to Judge K's Court for counterfeiting. The District Attorney asked the Court to sentence him on a sufficient number of indict- ments he held a number in his hand as he spoke to secure the incarceration of so incorrigible an offender for life. Tom visited him in prison after sentence was pro- nounced, as he usually did the prisoners condemned in the U.S. District Court. He found Stettler quite unable to realise the enormity of his offences against society, and particularly that they were deemed suff- icient to justify any one in shutting him up the "whole remainder of his life." He was a ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F1_VolIIIA_p047.jpg) Stettler says: good money. too sold at 30¢ o[-] 100 never varied the price tame, workman-looking fellow, but seemed to entertain as great a horror of confinement as the wildest of our mountaineers. What he considered the injustice of his sentence weighed upon him most, and he expressed his sentiments after this fashion: "Colonel Kane, I was always sickly; I couldn't do hard labor, and my uncle brought me up to the business. If it's wrong, I was never taught so. If I could have found a better trade, I'm sure I'd have followed it. I was always honest. I paid my debts. I never laid hands on a thing that belonged to another man. Ask any one that knows me what my character is; I aint afraid of what they'll say. My money was good money too. I sold it at 30 cents on the dollar - never varied the price: it was always worth more then 50". And then he would go off into praise of his own work, particularly his quarter eagles, which as he said, were only to be detected by their ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F1_VolIIIA_p048.jpg) All are influenced by the common opinion of our litttle worlds- Listening driver light weight. Tom reminded me of the little seekful of coin which we had melted in our kitchen fire in Girard Street, for one of his "Experiments" and said it was Stettler's, but even the association with our early married life failed to awaken my sympathy, and I said coldly that I could not understand how any man in these days of the general diffusion of knowledge could remain honestly unconscious of the gravity of such a crime. In reply he pointed out how we were all influenced by the common opinion of our little worlds, and in proof proceeded for my amusement to elicit our driver's opinions. The men had been interested in our talk, although he had refrained from joining in, affecting to be solely occupied in flicking off the flies from his horses' necks and twitching ears, as these tormentors persistently hovered about. When Tom appealed to him, he spoke out readily: ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F1_VolIIIA_p049.jpg) SALE SUGAR "Wa'al Colonel", he said, "Of course the law went agin Stettler. There was no denyin' that, but what the neighbors said was that he never done them any harum. No, Sir! See what a lot of store goods and provisions all the folks up here were able to get cheap, that they wouldn't have had but for him. I've heerd that is Stettler's flush times there wa'n't the poorest housse here where they couldn't set out sale- sugar before company. Now you'll not find anythin' but maple sugar and surrup unless it is at Squire Moore's. And if the folks round was the better off for him I never seen the man yet that was the worse." And this, I fancy, was the opinion held by most of the Free Traders here. I thought that Stettler's hiding up this solitary glen, working at his trade in secret, and selling his coin to the men who came secretly to convey it away in wagon loads, was ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F1_VolIIIA_p050.jpg) 17 equivalent to a tacit admission of guilty conscious- ness. But our driver's father talk showed that he, in common with the rest, did not realise the criminality of Stettler's vocation. They felt that the Government had a monopoly of the coinage of money, that Government was the party in power, but that those who suffered in consequence were not less meritorious than other parties of "the Left" or "members on Opposition Benches". That the work was carried on secretly, they thought little of there are many things in daily household life, and in trade, that are not criminal and yet are not openly mentioned. In short, honest Driver did not feel Stettler to be a guiltier person than I should think myself for being detected in substituting an inferior for a choice wine when an unappreciative guest dined with me. Looking back on the cabin, I saw a woman come out, who gazed after us for a few seconds before she turned to spread a heap of clothes to dry on the ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F1_VolIIIA_p051.jpg) 18 STETLERS TALL WIFE'S LONG HAIRED BEAUTY bushed. I asked if that was Stettler's wife. "No", the driver answered, with a touch of scorn in his voice, "that's Ady Houseler's woman. You ought to ha' seen Mrs. Stettler. She was a splendid lady: x Why, her hair, when she shook it down touched the ground, and her eyes were as black as cods , and she was taller than Stettler, It was she "run" Stettler! he wa'n't half the man she was. When the officers came to s'arch the cabin, she was jest as cool as you please. She thought everything was hid away, safe. But when they went first thing straight to a bed in the garden, and dug up a tin full of quarter eagles, and then came into the house and right up to the hiding place of the beam – Yes", answering my inquir- ing look, "Yes, Ma'am, ye see Stettler had hollowed out a square sort of chamber in one of the beams, and fitted the plug at the opening back again so that it didn't show – when they ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F1_VolIIIA_p052.jpg) 19 SHE KNOWED THEY BETRAYED SON WAS "NOTIONY" * started out the plug, and pulled out the dies and pieces of the milling machin then she knowed they was betrayed. I wa'n't there myself, but a fellow that was of the company told me she was fit to kill herself or any of them men. Several of 'em had to hold her. She screamed to her husband and her son to fight, but you know Mr. Stettler was secured first of all, so he couldn't do nothing." The length of his tale seemed to have used up all the driver's interest in it. He twisted the end of his whip lash, preparatory to another assault upon the flies, and began to whistle monotonously. But I watned to hear more, and asked, whether the son fought? "He, no indeed! He was a decent quiet boy that Stettler feller all his days, but 'notiony'. Whay d'ye think? He never would have nothin' to do with his father's trade, neither ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F1_VolIIIA_p053.jpg) 20 NO "SUNDAY SCHOOL" JUST NO SCHOOL X making nor shoving, said he wouldn't and stuck to it. His mother used to be dreadful wrathy at him, and call him Deacon, but his father al'ays said to let him alone, for he was a stiddy hardworking boy, and was just put up to being obdurate. But he wa'n't put up to it, it came natural to him." "Perhaps he learned at Sunday School", I suggested, but both Tom and the driver laughed at the notion, and I myself hardly entertained it longer than the moment of utterance, as I looked round me at the wild solitude of the hills. "No", sir, said the driver,"nothin nother Sunday no day school ever come here yet." "Then Tom, " I said triumphantly, feeling that cir- cumstances justified the Washingtonian countenance I had worn; "if this boy, in spite of his being the son of criminal parents, taught evil, taught no good, and ex- posed to the ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F1_VolIIIA_p054.jpg) worst educational influences - if he instinctively shunned crime, what becomes of your excuse for Stettler, that his morals were those of his neighbors, and that he might truthfully express a sense of innocence. I thought I had "posed" Tom, but he quietly ans- wered, "It was not my excuse for Stettler. You will find if you are ever much with criminals, that every good-hearted fellow has some notion of a theory by which he justifies himself in his own eyes. Do you think R.R. Presidents and Directors water the stock of their Companies, without a plea for themselves in their own minds?" "At all events", he resumed, "Stettler's gone now, "Uncle Billy" as they called him in prison, and you see the last of his little clearing. There runs the stream in which he used to fish for trout. Beyond that point of rocks is a deerlick that he used to watch, and there is a ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F1_VolIIIA_p055.jpg) spring hard by that has the clearest, sweetest water in the County, if one may trust poor Stettler's recollection of it in his cell. How he longed for it when he drank the warm flat-tasted water from the prison pipes!" "What has become of Mrs. Stettler and her son?" I inquired. Our driver did not know. Ady Houseler's eldest son had the place now, and was making a nice farm of it. He believed Ady "was some kind of cousin to the Stettler folks." "Yes," Tom said, "all these people were cousins, Houselers, Brittons and Lewises. In fact, he con- fided to me in a lower tone, that he had an idea that his own gallant Lewises had been chief agents of Mr. Stettler in disposing of his bogus coinage. "Where do they live?" I asked, looking round for <(in his Bucktail regiment, etc)> ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F1_VolIIIA_p056.jpg) NATHAN HOUSELER'S RETAINER some hidden cabin, but looking in vain, for we had passed the last clearing. "The glens of that little clan" he answered, "lie over the hills West of us, on Driftwood and on Lewis Run." "Why, that's on our Estate, isn't it?" I cried. "As good as on it, or if not, better", Tom said with a laugh. They extend their privileges under Penn's Bills of Rights, my dear, and, not satisfied with the liberty to fowl, hunt and fish our unenclosed lands and unused streams, out down the timber they happen to need for their own dwellings, or to trade for flour, powder, tobacco, and whiskey and dress patters for their women. The completion of the railroad will end all that very soon. <¶> But when I became Agent I found that I could preserve all our Sinnemahoning forest by paying Nathan Houseler a small sum yearly. The trif- ling blackmail to one of the elders of the clan ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F1_VolIIIA_p057.jpg) saves our timber intact, while the woods on the Palmer * Estate next to us are falling like leaves in autumn". I, E.D. K., may say here that after we came to live in the mountains, and I kept Tom's books, one of the Qua- ker Committee who audited our yearly account, peered through his spectacles for some time before he inquired with gravity----"Friend Elizabeth, what does thee mean by this item, - 'Feb. 18th N. S. Houseler for timber thieves in Shippen?' and this again in July 'N.S. Houseler Stealing in Shippen." I was confused for a moment, for I had "called a spade, a spade" inadvertently; but I explained, and the old "Friends" agreed that in future the item should be passed when the accounts were audited, if simply entered "To N. S. Houseler, Cash". ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F1_VolIIIA_p058.jpg) JIM LEWIS 2d generation of Highwayman. Son [-] BUCKTAIL But that was years after. In 1862 I had no associations with the name of Houseler. That of Lewis struck my ear however, and I asked, "Were these Lewises of the same family as the Lewis who was sent to prison?" "Do you mean Jim Lewis?" interposed the driver without turning his head; and Tom, to my surprise shook with laughter, when I innocently answered that I meant "Lewis the highwayman - Comly's partner." "Oh!" and he nodded - "You mean the old highway- man. But Jim Lewis was in for highway robbery too. His mother was a Houseler, she that was aunt to Nathan and Ady and Joe. You know them, Colonel? John Lewis that's in the war with you is Jim's son". When I found that my Robin Hood of times gone Note: E.D.K. must have changed name [-]o John Lewis or other on Cameron or Elk companies muster rolls. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F1_VolIIIA_p059.jpg) 26 26 by was repeated in a lineal descendant of our own day, I saw that Tom had laughed in anticipation of the shock I was about to receive. All the romance vanished for me. Yet I soon found that I must not laugh too much, for he was very proud of his soldiers of the Lewis blood, and was sensitive with regard to their fair fame. There were six first cousins of them <*> in the Bucktails, or the 1st Penns. Cavalary which was brigaded with ourregiment. Tom told me how one of them, Anson Lewis, Highwayman No 2's nephew, had marched, carrying a rifle, with some other fellow cavalyrman to let our weary Bucktails rest by a ride during the long forced march they made up the Shenan- doah in pursuit of Jackson. When they caught up with the "Secesh" at Harrisonburg, "Ance" was thus marching in the Bucktail ranks carrying a rifle and on the NOTE Do not find many of same name and no leises on Hist of Bucktails 4 Kriners in Co. E ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F1_VolIIIA_p060.jpg) ground that the Bucktail who rode his horse had had his, Ance's, chance in the cavalry combat, he claimed his right to represent the other in the infantry fight. He was one/of the first who charged with Tom into the woods that gloomy evening, and was, I believe, badly wounded. Our driver was pleased with this anecdote, and reminded Tom that "the stock was plucky". Anson was a cousin of our Dr. Freemen's his grandmother being "Aunt Polly Lewis." I had to listen to a complete genealogical essay here before I could break in upon it by asking if there were any horse-thieves now in the glens. Jake did not reply, but Tom nodded, with a finger on his lip ------------------------------------------------------------- NOTE: I learned afterwards that the profession flourished still at the time of which I write. There are men serving out senten- ces yet, who were caught ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F1_VolIIIA_p061.jpg) between now and then. Since I wrote the foregoing lines my eye was caught by a paragraph in our County paper referring to one of our "citizens" of North Fork. I insert it here, and if Dr. Freeman, who knows all our County news, knows his name I will write it down, wagering that he is a relative of one of the Clan Lewis families, at least. REVENGE: We hear a story which runs thusly: Some years ago a man then living in Potter County was convicted of some crime and sent to the penitentiary. It appears that Miles White, the popular pro- prietor of the hotel at the Ridge, between Port Allegany and Emporium, was one of the men who helped arrest this convict immed- iately after the crime was committed. The other day, the man having served out his sentence, made his appearance at White's Hotel. Laying off his coat, he in- formed Miles that his business there was to give him a thrashing; and/it is said he was good as his word. If true, we hope White will send him on another trip, if he is fortunate enough to catch him. (McKean Miner Dec. 7/91. The offence was "running off a horse". E. saw the man in prison last winter.) But as Tom predicted, the Railroad has ruined the "profession" by opening a free draught of travel ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F1_VolIIIA_p062.jpg) through travel from East to West, giving the inhab- itants a market for the products of their valleys, and enabling the wilder spirits to go off, as the younger Houselers and Lewises are doing, to Minne- sota and the newer States. The older men sell horses that they breed, instead of steal, and are considered good judges of the article. I am not experienced enough in authorship to bring out in dialogue the facts that my questions elicited from Jake. Moreover I have since picked up other scraps of information, bits of local history and gossip, the substance of which is as follows: In old times the rogues were seldom caught. If a stranger appeared in one of their valleys, it implied that he must have business with some resident, for ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F1_VolIIIA_p063.jpg) there was no highroad leading to the valleys on other waters. If his errand was not known - warning was given. A rifle shot, three times repeated, would be the signal from some dwelling he had passed, and as the echoes ran up the ravines, every man who had reason to dread the law would be on the alert. Coining tools were stored away, and stolen horses withdrawn into the forest. Until Tom founded Kane, the isolated settlements were in the valleys, and peaceful ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F1_VolIIIA_p064.jpg) 30 folks did not even know that above them lay a country where continuous tracks were threaded by the Indian, the hunter and the horse-thief. To them it seemed marvellous that all traces of a stolen horse were so speedily lost. But in solitary cabins here and there, a man would be prepared for the coming of the horse. Say it was stolen at Nunday in Southern New York. Once out of the Genessee Country and across the State Line, it would be passed on from man to man by short stages in the forest. They rode all night, and were back at their innocent shingle-outting, or logging in the morning, having either handed the animal over to the next rider, or tethered him at some appointed spot, where a brook flowed at which he could quench its thirst, and its feed was left within its reach. Some -times it would be fastened where a little space had been cleared that the poor captive might not be absol- utely tor- ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F1_VolIIIA_p065.jpg) -mented to death by gnats. Nowadays, led by tiny blazes, one/comes on little forest glades where grass has sprung up from the old hay seeds. The deer keep the underbrush from encroaching, and these pretty spots are vestiges of the old trade. Those who once followed it, I have said are finding other things more profitable, and their desc- endants we may be sure will not know the true stories of the forest. But it may amuse mine some-time to know the antecedents of the county magnates of their day, the"men of old family whose race is shown by their superior quickness, vivacity and air"- what is the English slang phrase of today? O yes, their "thorough- bred air." There is Vermilye, for instance, still on Pine Creek. He made the money that built his tavern by horse thieving. His wife, I am ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F1_VolIIIA_p066.jpg) assured is a "real nice lady, reminds one of you, Mrs. Kane!" My informant, Miss Jennie Burr of Brad- ford County is a young damsel soi-disent twenty-five, who is at present one of my "help". But she is a great, grand-niece of Aaron Burr. I met her in a New York Intelligence Office, and brought her here. On our way up, passing Emporium she startled me by ask- ing me if I had ever heard of Vermilye or of Brom Rora- bacher. That she should know these men familiarly was anything but a recommendation. I found that her married sister lived on Pine Creek, and was proud of being on visiting terms with the wife of the now highly respectable Vermilye. Brom Rorabacher was known to me by reputation as one of the surviving members of the old horse "trade", and every one knew that when running Warner's Mill he ran more horses than lumber. "Ike" Hawes who went to the ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F1_VolIIIA_p067.jpg) Penitentiary for horse stealing was in Brom's employ at the time. "The horse he was convicted on" said my authority, "he brought from near Lafayette in '53 or '54, and had it hidden at the hiding place on the point between West Creek and Driftwood." "Ike" suffered, but Brom was supposed to "know all about it." Miss Jannie had a darker tale to tell. Some twenty five years ago her cousin Longwell, a young clerk of nineteen or thereabouts was sent by his employers at Elmira to peddle off in the far back country last year's unseasonable goods, preparatory to restocking their shelves with the fashionable summer materials. He reported favorable sales as he penetrated South- ward, but after reaching Pine Creek he was never heard of more. His horse and buggy and sundry packages of goods were found among Brom's hiding places. Brom produced a receipt purporting to be in Long ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F1_VolIIIA_p068.jpg) Well's writing, acknowledging the transfer of the horse and goods in return for Virginia Land Scrip. He had witnesses too to swear to the handwriting, and, Jannie says, the witnesses for the prosecution were intimidated, and Brom was acquitted. All that remained to Longwell's family was the satisfaction of possessing a few mildewed letters and papers of his, found in the woods near Rorabacher's. Brom is by no means/outlawed in public opinion, and his pretty married daughter at Wilcox is not ashamed of her parentage. Some names already high in the estimation of our County-men are oddly associated with others still in evil repute. Arthur G. Olmsted, for instance, our Senator in 70-71 in the Legislature. His wife's brother, Judge John Sobieski Ross of Potter C ounty, married, after living with her for ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F1_VolIIIA_p069.jpg) HORNY SAL several years, the daughter of "Horny Sal." "Horny Sal" was a notorious woman who kept a raftsman's tavern on "Sinnemahone", and Tom never suffered me to hear how bad she was, though the laugh that our lumber- men always give at her name is certainly not one of respectful admiration. I think Judge Ross is partly of Indian Blood. Yet if the contemplated Pine Creek R.R. goes through, it is quite possible that Mrs. Ross may deem her courtesy a condescension to me. How-well connected with our Harrisburg political families the Spangler's are! Mr. Michael Spangler, who makes the queer hickory rocking chairs (of which we have two) in his winter hours of leisure, is a cousin of <">Horny Sal's<">. Of his grandfather we know that his first distinction was his appointment to be a Constable of Lycoming County, which then included our present Cameron County. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F1_VolIIIA_p070.jpg) SPANGLER AND DEAF PETER VINCENT ILLEGAL DEERSLAYER Coming up over the ice from Williamsport, where he had just been sworn in, he/saw at a distance a fire ahead of him, built on the glassy highway. Beside it knelt a man skinning a deer. There was a law against deerslaying at that season, and Spangler, full of his new-fledged dignity, felt that he must not overlook an offence if committed in his very sight. But though an official he was also a man. He despatched. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F1_VolIIIA_p071.jpg) his companion to warn the man of his coming, and rode slowly forward. Unfortunately old Peter Vincent the hunter, was stone deaf, and the other's horse was scared by the fire. While he gesticulated in vain to the puzzled old fellow, and vainly tried to make his horse draw near. Spangler indignantly shouted from behind. "Throw down your great coat,--throw it over it! Cover it up! Don't let me see it!" Then as he drew near--"Mein Gott! Would you force a man to parjure himself!" The long ascent over; (we had climbed 1200 feet) our driver's attention was claimed by his horses. The road pitched sharply down the mountain again. Now my husband told me we should come into country settled from the North by honest or at least less dishonest and more scrupulous people, men of Puritan ancestry chiefly, and from whose sons he had recruited his fine Company I ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F1_VolIIIA_p072.jpg) 38 Potato Creek The descent was long and tedious, for the sombre gloom of the woods was unbroken for miles. At length isolated clearings began to appear, and grad- ually we emerged into a thriving region where in many cases farms were old enough to have fields free from stumps. It was only for a short time that afternoon, when we were crossing the Red Mill Brook Summit that we saw traces of the forlornness and desolation which had overcome the efforts of the agents of the Ridgways to force settlement to grow in an unnatural direction. They had made large clearings on what turned out to be barren lands, put up buildings and hired settlers to live in them, had erected mills to saw lumber for which there was no market, or roads to haul it away by, on streams whose channels had never been cleared of obstruct- ions. So long as the Ridgeways paid the bills, the agents located farms or mills ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F1_VolIIIA_p073.jpg) wherever the untrustworthy guess-work maps they possessed indicated a suitable spot to the well- meaning absentee owner. They pocketed their commiss- ions and sold many fars on paper, to people who paid the cash instalment that was the agent's fee, but never made any improvements. Years and years ago the heirs of the old Ridgway had been tired of try- ing to sell and improve their lands. The holders of contracts embarrassed them by claims they had to buy up before genuine settlers could go on the lands; the farms whose clearing had been expedited by a grand whole- sale "burn", instead of the carefully watched patch- work clearing of the solitary settler, proved the value of the experiment by remaining so parched ever- more that now, a quarter of a century afterwards they are bald patches not worth fencing in. The mills and their supply of logs for sawing rotted away in peace, and the few real ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F1_VolIIIA_p074.jpg) settlers were disheartened and moved away. The Ridgeways would do nothing but pay the taxes, and their agents sole employment was to keep these down by discouraging settlers who would want roads and schools from entering the townships. They hoped to sell their lands in one large body, but it is diffi- cult to dispose of White Elephants. It is ten years since I rode over their Estate and the wholesale tanners are but just buying it up. Railroads and tanneries will soon leaven the inert mass, but in 1862 the cleerings on the Ridgway lands were typified by that on Red Mill Brook. Brembles of five or six years' growth choked the road, through which ourhorses could scarcely force a way for the carriage. The "Red Mill", whose name only showed that it had ever had a trace of paint was entirely roofless, and seemed to have knelt on one knee to gain support from ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F1_VolIIIA_p075.jpg) Mother Earth for its decayed timbers. As ourhorses brushed through the long grass of the old orchard, a red fox rose from underneath an apple tree whose broke branches were covered with unripe fruit, and slowly off. It was the only living creature I saw on the Ridgway lands. It was far different on the valleys of Marvin and Potato Creek, where the settlements were spread- ing upwards naturally and steadily, reaching even to frosty uplands no better than those Ridgway farm failures, but deemed worth cultivating by men who chose them for themselves, and had neighbors, roads and schools to keep them in heart. Coming to one pretty farm at length it was somewhere on Potato Creek I uttered a pleased exclamation, almost at the same time that Tom sighed heavily and said "Bess, I Must stop here!" ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F1_VolIIIA_p076.jpg) He had noticed a woman who was watching for us, for the news of our coming had preceded us. She hurried out and caught Tom's hand, her eyes asking even before her lips could frame the words "Oh! My boy Is he going to live" When the General answered "Yes, he hoped so," the restrained tears gushed out, but she wiped them away with the corner of her white apron, and begged us to stay till she could summon <">Him<">. Her husband was already visible far up the hillside, unyoking his team from their load that he might hasten down to us. As we waited she pointed out the little white railing that surr- ound five graves. Wallace was the only child left, she said. She prayed for strength not to grudge him to his country. Both father and mother overwhelmed us with eager questions as to his life and behaviour, and the ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F1_VolIIIA_p077.jpg) mother fondled Tom's hand as if it could carry her caresses to her boy. As weleft, Tom bade our driver hasten. There were too many houses in that hollow he dreaded to pass; homes whence he had taken the "flowers of the Forest", whom he could bring back to them no more. -"The Flowers o' the Forest that fought aye the fore- most "The pride of our land are cauld in the clay. "We'll hear nae mair lilting at our ewe milking, "Women and bairns are heartless and wae; "Sighing and moaning on ilka green loaning-- "The Flowers o' the Forest are a' wede away.'" My poor Tom cannot yet feel as if these were not haunted valleys, and does not relish my poetical quot- ations. When the evening closed in, and heavy masses of cloud were speeding on the wind above the rounded hilltops, I pointed to them, saying, ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F1_VolIIIA_p078.jpg) THE FORMS OF THE HEROES RIDE BY ON THE BLAST "The forms of the heroes ride by on the blast".-- The sun had set, the air was chilly, and the hues of earth and sky were fast growing leeden. Tom did not welcome the shadowy cloud-heroes as representatives of the men whose daily lives he knew who had left their farms, their sugar-camps, their rafts, their teams afield to followhim. He knew what their hopes of future return had been! He had seen them wounded, dying, dead. Surgeons had and soldiers fail to per- ceive the romance of death. And Tom feels no more disposition to rhapsodise over the simple pathetic reality of his soldier-comrades' loss, than a brother does over the grave of the boy he has nursed. We live here on The Mountain, as in former days perhaps our ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F1_VolIIIA_p079.jpg) O'Kane forefathers dwelt among their clansmen of the Routh. Tom's great personal influence probably stim- ulated the patriotism of those mountaineers to a degree unusual even among our patriot people. And as he did not send their young men out, but led them him- self, the tie is strong between him and the families who shared the trials of the war with us. They feel that he is one with them in a closer degree than any of the modern social or political ties can unite a great man and his dependents. He goes nowhere in the region without being pressed to go up this ravine or beyond that mountain - because the mother or the sister of such a one who "went out with him" lives there. And the claim is a recognised one, that he shall feel the sorrom of these members of his family. I remember particularly our meeting a farmer with his load of hay on the Tuna or Tununguant Road during our visit in 1862, and noticing how he tried and drooped his head as he walked ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F1_VolIIIA_p080.jpg) 177 beside his team. When he moved aside to let us pass, he recognised Tom and came up to him; his hard features were working; he could not speak for cob[-]. Nor could Tom speak to him. What consolation could he offer a father for the loss of his only child! Yet the poor soul strove to utter his pat- riot boast that his <">son's blood was bravely shed.<"> I felt for him, yet a time was coming of more distressing trouble than his. Those whose loved ones were in the army prepared themselves to contemplate their facing an honourable death on the field of battle, in camp or in the hospital. But who can bear to think of the agonies of Andersonville and Belle Isle; the helpless passion of the bereaved at home who looked on harvest fields and running brooks, and knew that the same blue sky bent over those prison pens! They could send no relief, no, not even a drop of water to save the dear life that was wither- ing. My God! Can Northern women forgive the ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F1_VolIIIA_p081.jpg) South for their needless brutality to those who were so recently called their fellow citizens. I can't for give the Rebels for my part. I do not wish to harm them, but I never wish to cross a Southern threshold, nor to clasp a Southern hand. Tom is not so bitter against them, and has done many a kindness to Southerners since the war. He keeps his anger, and saves his ammunition, for the Copperheads and warriors of the political platforms who fomented the passions of both parties, and prevented the first wound from being avoided in the first place, or being cured later. I hope our children will have Peace in their time. But I should like them to feel ,as we have done, the throb in the Nation's heart. To feel themselves part of the Nation. A Giant laboring in a mighty work. To merge, not lose one's own identity, in a greater life of one's country. If it is not to foretaste the time when we shall be one with God, surely it is as keen and strange a delight as visited the Apostle, Paul. "Whether in the body or out of the body, he could not tell". If the wartime feeling of patriotism could only last! If it would only last! ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F1_VolIIIA_p082.jpg) South for their needless brutality to those who were so recently called their fellow citizens. I can't for give the Rebels for my part. I do not wish to harm them, but I never wish to cross a Southern threshold, nor to clasp a Southern hand. Tom is not so bitter against them, and has done many a kindness to Southerners since the war. He keeps his anger, and saves his ammunition, for the Copperheads and warriors of the political platforms who fomented the passions of both parties, and prevented the first wound from being avoided in the first place, or being cured later. I hope our children will have Peace in their time. But I should like them to feel ,as we have done, the throb in the Nation's heart. To feel themselves part of the Nation. A Giant laboring in a mighty work. To merge, not lose one's own identity, in a greater life of one's country. If it is not to foretaste the time when we shall be one with God, surely it is as keen and strange a delight as visited the Apostle, Paul. "Whether in the body or out of the body, he could not tell". If the wartime feeling of patriotism could only last! If it would only last! ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F1_VolIIIA_p083.jpg) But, after wars are over, we sink back into our natural state of feeling. The nation, too, subsides into quietness. We avoid troubles; we avoid issues; we avoid decisions and sacrifices. We try to "get on" in the world, and tell ourselves we do so for our children's sake, and that somebody else ought to do these things somebody else, not us. So much for my feelings which, like my thoughts, sometimes seem even to me hardly worth the proverbial "Penny", let alone worth recording. However, since I've undertaken to tell you this story - what we felt and thought in those days is probably an essential part of it. Emotions, not logic, are what make us act and act the way we do. Over Red Mill Summit, we made our way from Nunundah, or "Potato Creek" valley into a tributary of the Marvin Creek, and down that to the welcome hospitality of Barrett's. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F1_VolIIIA_p084.jpg) South! I can't forgive the Rebels for my part. I do not wish to harm them, but I never wish to cross a Southern threshold, nor to clasp a Southern hand. Tom is not so bitter aginst them, and has done many a kindness to Southerners since the war. He keeps his anger for the Copperheads who fomented the passions of both parties, and prevented the green wound from healing at the first intention. I hope our children will have Peace in their time. But I should like them to feel as we have done the throb in the Nation's heart, as the great Giant labours in a mighty work. To merge, not lose one's own identity, in a greater life--if it is not to foretaste the time when we shall be one with God-- surely it is as keen and strange a delight as visited Paul--"Whether in the body or out of the body he could not tell". If it could only last! If it would only last! ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F1_VolIIIA_p085.jpg) But we sink back into our natural state of feeling; the nation too subsides into quietness. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F1_VolIVA_p001.jpg) Early History of Kane- VOL IVA Written by E.D.K. for her grandchildren - 1862 3 (Carbon) (2nd Half IV-A TO CLOSE OF STAY WITH ANN GRAY THOMAS ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F1_VolIVA_p003.jpg) THE STORY OF THE "MOTHER OF THE REGIMENT" VOLUMN IV CHAPTER XXII WE REACH BARRET'S ON MARVIN CREEK PAGE 220 CHAPTER XXIII ARRIVAL AT THE KANE SUMMIT, SITE OF FUTURE HOME TOM BUILDS A VILLAGE WHICH THE RAILROAD NAMES "KANE" page 238 CHAPTER XXIV BACK TO THE WAR AGAIN (Wounded, Sick, Sent Home on a Long Sick-Leave - Stanton Refuses Offered Resignation) PAGE 243 CHAPTER XXV BEFORE GETTYSBURG AND DURING THE BATTLE PAGE 247 CHAPTER XXVI SAINT ANN - THE STORY OF ANN GRAY LEIPER THOMAS, WHO BUILT A CHURCH FOR HER NEPHEW, GEN. KANE PAGE 256 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F1_VolIVA_p004.jpg) CHAPTER VII I have rambled away from my journey, and must start again from Barrett's Corners, which we reached that afternoon. Standing in the doorway the same evening to take a last look at the sunset glow fading above the purple hills, I heard a distant sound that was neither shriek, nor hurrah, nor warwhoop but partook of all three. Looking up the road I became aware of a figure, a man in his shirt sleeves who was running fast, waving his hat wildly above his head. The next moment the hat was tossed into the dust, and the possessor sped on. I had hardly time to turn my head, and cry "Tom, here comes Cornelius!" before the hunter burst into the house and embraced my husband as if he had just come from ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F1_VolIVA_p005.jpg) the jaws of death. As indeed he had! Cornelius of course must accompany us on our journey. The next morning Tom rose rested and in better spirits, and I determined to avoid all sadd- ening topics. We were to leave the carriage behind at Howard Hill, while Tom submitted to the withing of his leg in a great splint, (the invention of Cornelius to enable him to keep the saddle during his long ride), I went into the log-house to greet Cornelius' daughter. One of his daughters, I should say, for he had several, all pretty and all shrewish like their mother, and all married to "shiftless" husbands, crying "Give, give" to their father perpetually. During my husband's pioneer time of pushing the settlements onward into the forest, when no respectable woman could be found willing to venture - then Cornelius would send out one of his married daughters ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F1_VolIVA_p006.jpg) Cornelius daughters to keep house for the axemen. Thus I found one alone at Howard Hill with her ne'er-do-weel mate, and another afterwards, established in a log house by our Spring. One of our Carriage horses was gentle enough for me to ride, and "Clarion" was still in the mountains ready for Tom. Clarion, so called from the County whence he last came - wasin 1862 a demoniac whom nobody but Tom would venture to mount. Tom always maintained that Clarion was playful, not wicked, and though I trembled for his safety I was forced to allow that Clarion evinced a consideration for his master which was a redeemer trait. The scamp was intelligent. While the groom could hardly hold him quiet, I have seen him turn his head and watch that he might keep motionless until my husband's wounded leg was safely across the saddle. The moment he felt his rider ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F1_VolIVA_p007.jpg) firmly seatedhe would begin his series of bounds and curvets, and that resistless "bucking" for which he was renowned. While I would hide my eyes in terror Tom enjoyed Clarion's "glee!" as much as he did. Poor old Clarion! When Tom mounts him as he still does occasionally, he will fight for the rights of precedence he enjoyed when in the army, albeit the cavalcade consists only of our children on the carriage horses. Last summer he/lamed, his shoulder, having fought our Consol team as his manner is, rearing up and box- ing with his forefeet. The mare, turning to fly, gave him a parting kick, in consequence of which he was turned out to enjoy his liberty all summer long. But whenever he saw the other horses come to the door, saddled, he hastened to place himself in front of them, and to lead ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F1_VolIVA_p008.jpg) the way at a limping trot. My husband, whose whim is never to go out and return by the same route, was amused to be taught by Clarion that he had appointed circuits in the woods. For, losing sight of Clarion as he sometimes did, he was sure to come up with him and find that the horse had divined the track he would take. I say track, but the feat was repeatedly performed when there was no track or "blazed line". Clarion showed Tom that he had unconsciously formed a habit of following "crest lines" -- and Master Clarion anticipated his arrival at some intersecting line of hilly ridge with confi- dence. Once Tom tricked him, purposely altering his course and emerging from the woods on the New Wilcox Road a quarter of a mile nearer the house than the point where Clarion awaited him. Between the pair Landrigen's gang of roadmakers were at work. They flourished their implements at Clarion to drive ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F1_VolIVA_p009.jpg) Clever old Clarion him back. What did it mean? What should he do to rejoin the main body? "These are evidently guerillas", pronoun- ced the chivalric mind. After a pause he walked to within fifty yards of them, or until the laborers fired their first stone at him. Then at a full run he charged the troop who, themselves nearly all old Buck- tail comrades of his, were delighted to open ranks with- out resistance. And Clarion came up with a shake of the head---falling into line, like an old trooper as he was. My children delight to ring the dinner-bell suddenly and to see Clarion set off at a gallop to Head-Quarters at the stable. There he can turn the key with his lips and admit himself to the granary. He comes to the kitchen porch, instead of going down hill to the spring, when he is thirsty and strikes with his hoof till the women bring him a pail of clear water. He has taught ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F1_VolIVA_p010.jpg) all our cattle a peculiarly successful way of break- ing fences, and I have seen him collect the cows as a shepherd dog does, and then drive the poor creatures as fast as their clumsy legs can gallop, until they are utterly exhausted. But why I should recount these humours of his later day when I must pass over his exploit when he was the Pride of the Regiment! Such stories as poor Hy. Woodruff loved to tell of him! Clarion is sure-footed as a goat, and in spite of his wounded leg Tom was safe on his back. So we set forward, our third horse acting as sumpter/mule, Cornelius and two axemen accompanying us. For about a mile we had the advantage of some work that had been done upon the road before the War. This was where the ground was swampy, and small trees had been cut down and laid across. In winter, it seems, the snow and ice acting as a cement had bound ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F1_VolIVA_p011.jpg) them together. Now in the summer these poles slid away in the soft ooze, letting the horses' feet slip through. Two were lame before we passed the "Ash of Spring" only four miles from Howard Hill. Then we drew near to a succession of green slimy pools — veritable Sloughs of Deep end to me. I had to be glad that my horse refused to cross them without a strong man at his head to drag him forward. And then we cameupon the pleasant riding through the maple woods with the axemen preceding us to cut out a clear path through the boughs and bushes. Now we dip into a hollow-- "Cornelius, what spring is this?" I ask. And odd sidelong glance out of his merry gray eyes at my husband precedes his answer. "Fur fly Spring, Mrs. Kane, child." "Fire fly spring! Oh what a pretty name! Do you [The following is written in right margin] This would be about [---]s farmer G[--]. Richards [---] old [---] [--] crossed Highway Note: —at or about where Mt. Jewett water works spring is. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F1_VolIVA_p012.jpg) hear, Tom? I daresay the pretty creatures twinkle round the sparkling water these sultry summer nights!" "Pretty creeturs!" says Cornelius amazedly. "Pretty creeturs! There warn't any prettier creatures than old Dave Cornelus and Dar' Hamlin round when that spring got its name. No, child, ye see Dar' and I we was out running the line for this Big Level Road of the Colonel's beyone here, and Dar' he sets up that the road was to go right smack over the hill. I says to him, says I, 'You may talk as you like 'bout your instructions. 'Taint no count at all'. For ye see I knowed the Colonel's mind, and I knowed hemeant us to run Kinju water-shed, and not go up and down that-a-way! "Well, there wa'n't no convincing him; he's dread- ful sot in his ways is Dar', so we jest set to, to show which was best man. I tell you we made the fur-fly; and that's how they come to name the ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F1_VolIVA_p013.jpg) place." "Well, but did you convince him, Cornelius?" "Lor, yes child, I couldn't leave off till I did. 'Twouldn't ha' done, noways; if I'd had to pound him to a jelly - not to convince him. Ye see, he was Surveyor, and I was Commissioner, and Colonel he trusted it all to me. I telled him to borrow no trouble, I'd keep it just right: After that Dar' he lost himself here clean and clear, compass and all. Then he held his tongue." Do the Surveyors and Commissioners of many roads persuade each other with such conclusive arguments? It was late afternoon when we reached a grassy narrow track. The constant attention required by the horse, for I was an unpractised rider, had fatigued me much, and Tom was faint with pain and weariness. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F1_VolIVA_p014.jpg) DALSON KANE'S "CASTLE" The horses like ourselves, freshened up. We had as it were come towards the front entrance of McKean County, having always hitherto entered by the back way from "York State". This little bit of road now belonged to the life that was beginning along the Phila. and Erie Railroad. No wheels had come over it for a long time - the brambles had attained lux- uriant growth, since work stopped with the beginning of war - but we were approaching a homestead. First, we saw a little blockhouse of logs, quite empty, then a clearing of about a road in which was set a large log house. This was old "Kane Castle" begun by Dalson when he was surveying, and finished by Tom. I did not wonder Dalson was homesick when he stayed here, with a violin for his sole refined companion. His kind ugly face came back to me, and though I knew him to be far away I half expected to see him emerge, stooping, from the low doorway to greet us. No one could well be more out of his place than Dalson among the rough ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F1_VolIVA_p015.jpg) DALSON Really SOLDAN From FINLAND backwoodsman. The very violin on which he improvised the "utterances of his soul longing for Finland" they despised because it could play no merry jigs. The nearsighted eyes which never could note the minute indications that guide a forester through the woods, the long awkward legs whose "lope" crushed the young shoots so conspicuously that Cornelius could always find him readily when he was lost, (as he regularly was on Sundays when he went forth to meditate) the severe headaches from which he suffered, and his habits of abstraction, were all food for practical jokes. Dalson's real name, we afterwards found was Soldan. He had been one of certain chosed youth|whom the Russian Government sends to Paris to be scientifically educated for the national service. Having been suspected of "Red" tendencies he was "advised" to leave Finnmark upon his return there after completing his studies. The harmless creature! If he had imbibed any ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F1_VolIVA_p016.jpg) MARGARETHA GLAT DALSON ALLOWED BY RUSSIA TO COME HOME BECOMES A U. PROFESSOR taint of Red it was|of no more hurtful dye than the Reddle mark on the sheep! When I visited "the Castle" Imperial Government had relaxed its severity, and Dalson had gone back to espouse his patient bride, and accept a Professor's chair in one of the Universities. The people living in the log-hut at this date were Mike Glat and his wife, a young Bavarian couple, who showed great courage in venturing to take up their abode in the lonely forest. The ballad tells a mournful story of the perils "the Nut-Brown Maid" must encounter unless she lets her lover go to the greenwood "alone, a banished man". The hardships of that pic-nic existence would not bear comparison with the trials Margaretha Glat endured. She had borne children with no woman near to tend to her, had seen them sicken with no doctor nor wise person near to advise her; had helped her husband dig the rough grave in which they had laid their first born; had yoked the oxen herself and gone out alone to the settle- ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F1_VolIVA_p017.jpg) meats for provisions when her husband had strained himself and could scarcely hobble about the house to feed the little ones in her absence. No wonder she was weatherbeaten and unkempt! I was muddy, sunburnt and dishevelled - certain- ly not entitled to assume airs of superiority on account of my appearance. Yet I could not restrain a little shudder when the good woman kissed me in her simple fashion. Tom had been kind to the Glats and her affectionate hospitality to me was for his sake. Cornelius went down to Kinju<*> Creek and speedily returned with a string of fine trout, which Mrs. Glat transferred to us hissing from the frying pan as we sat beside the stove. We enjoyed them as much as Mike and she did the/unaccustomed luxury of the "sale tea and white sugar" which we contributed to the entertainment. I am still too fastidious to swallow what they call tea in the backwoods. They hand you the tum- *South Branch of Kinzua Creek often called "Watermill" locally for obvious reason we once had a water driven sawmill cutting lumber on that stream. It's still noted for big brown trout, Cornelius caught the easier, prettier "Brookies". ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F1_VolIVA_p018.jpg) Priest in Dakota complementing farmer on picture of Pope - so Thats who that is, I thought it was Harry Truman in Masonic Regalia bler of maple sugar into which you dip your leaden spoon, and upon stirring the sugar into your tea you find you have a cup of hot ink to drink. Ugh! I was taken after supper round the premises by Mrs. Glat who unselfishly declared the intention of her husband, herself and brood to vacate for us the box-bed in which they all slept. It was "reel chicken fedders" she explained, misunderstanding the dismay with which I contemplated the unsavory lair. Above it hung a lithographed Dutch Madonna, whose uneasy undress exposed a bleeding heart pierced by a yellow daggar. She might protect the slumbers of the good couple, but I thought she would hardly exercise her kind offices effectually over those of that light- sleeping heretic, my husband! What a relief it was when Tom courteously refused to deprive our hostess of her bed, and explained that his axemen were already preparing our bedding. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F1_VolIVA_p019.jpg) There was a space at one end of the living room, partially enclosed by a rough traverse of boards three or four feet high, with a flat plank at the top to serve as a counter. Here they dispensed "lager only" to any Railroad man who might stray out that way for a "drink" certain to be undisturbed. And here the men brought in quantities of hemlock branches and piled us up a soft clean, springy couch. As half a dozen men were to sleep on the further side of the screen, I made no other night toilette than to put on a night cap. Even that Tom suggested my re- moving, when Cornelius, leaning his elbows on the counter, commenced an animated discussion as to our arrangements for tomorrow. As he appealed to me for my opinion every now and then with Arcadian simplicity, I deemed it best to ignore the night cap as he did. Besides, was I not wearing watch, chain and brooch over my travelling dress? Why, so costumed, should I be supposed to have gone to bed? ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F1_VolIVA_p020.jpg) Revolving the matter with more or less of clearness, I fell sound asleep ere the conversation ended. Awaked by a tickling sensation the next morning, I had some difficulty in remembering where I was. The sun was already shining brightly, and lit up the rough planks overhead. From the rafter poles still covered with bark, myriads of green measuring worms were pondent, their threads glistening as they swung, ready to drop into my hair or eyes or ears at their own sweet will. Some were crawling up my sleeves, and inside my collar, and their innocent freedoms had produced the tickling sensation that awaked me. In vain my phil- osophic husband pointed out their tender green colour, and explained that, living solely on the hemlock needles, they were far cleaner and sweeter than the flies who beset in the city. Yes, I acknowledged all, but I was more accustomed to flies, which moreover had the sense and agility to remove themselves at an instant's notice. These lovely ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F1_VolIVA_p021.jpg) innocent worms submitted to martyrdom from my accidental movements too tamely for my taste. So I rose and join- ing Mrs. Glat at the stove asked where I should go to wash. She took me to the door, and pointing out the Spring gave me their sole toilet convenience - a tin pan. Her cookeries requiring her attention she then left me, unaware that I found a formidable impediment to my exit in the family cow, who was eating some parings of yesterday's cabbage off the doorsill and insisted on finishing the repast before she obeyed my timid pushes and stood aside to let me pass. Then she followed me quietly to the spring, watching my ablutions as she ruminated. There was plenty of water, but I was no "Dorothea", and in spite of the tin pen, found myself sorely missing some rock or log to serve as washstand. Mrs. Glats little children came running down to meet me. They were fair little maidens with clustering hair, rosy cheeks and blue eyes dressed like Dutch pictures ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F1_VolIVA_p022.jpg) in indigo blue bodice and skirt, while the long- sleeved cotton chemise closed at the throat had taken the mellow hue dear to the painter's eye, but less so the laundress's. I could not wash myself as thoroughly as I wished, but I scrubbed the children's rosy faces well ere I accepted the kisses they offered me, and we returned to the house in high glee. After breakfast we set out on horseback for the "well-loved spot" which Tom had chosen for ourhome. I knew that the gables and porches of "St. Hubert's" existed only on paper, yet I had realised its aspect so vividly that I felt the night before as if we ought to push on from Glat's to seek shelter there. In my dreams I went along the hall 8' x 16', to the linen closen, 4' x 8', for the fresh lavender scented sheets to spread on our bed in the West Room, 16' x 18'. Even in my dreams the dimensions presented themselves correctly by feet and inches, and I knew that the bedstead was at Aunt Ann's, and was annoyed to think ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F1_VolIVA_p023.jpg) I had forgotten to place the wrench-key in the box beside it. Daylight dispelled my visions, yet left a certain impression of the|house as in existence, upon me. I cherished an equally baseless idea of the "grounds" around our future home, and, miles before we reached it kept peering among the trees. My fancy had constructed, from Tom's remark long ago that our woods were unusually free from undergrowth, the picture of an English Chase. There were ancient trees far apart, glimpses of passing deer, greensward under foot, and glades down which I could see as far as if I were in an orchard, while the distant outlook commanded range after range of blue hills. But I might have remembered that, wherever the sun gains access, there a thicket springs up. I was confounded when Tom turned to me saying in a pleased voice, "Here we are, my darling!" Um! there we were! Penetrating a dense green thicket we found ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F1_VolIVA_p024.jpg) ourselves in a tiny "chopping" just large enough to show an excavation for a cellar, the edges of which had lost their newness of look under the action of frost, water pouring from a lead pipe its intermitting flow heard in the stillness, just as a hunter who had visited Tom's camp had described it. That was all, absolutely all! I hated myself for being unable to conceal my disappointment. What would I not have given for some words of admiration, but I could say nothing. This represented so much to Tom:--it had cost him so much; he had thought out so many of his schemes upon that spot! Besides, the green square in which we were immured did not bound his knowledge of the place. He knew then, what years of gradual vista opening and delicate landscape gardening are just revealing to my eyes that the loveliest slopes, the greenest dells, the mossiest of brooks are|all aommanded by the natural terraces of Kane Summit. The distant hills, to new glimpses of which he yearly ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F1_VolIVA_p025.jpg) treats me were known to him. In 1857 and '58 he had climbed the highest trees and viewed the country, marking on a map he made the lines of cutting for the very views we are opening now. I knew I was disappointing him sadly by my silence, but he proposed with assumed gaiety that we should adjourn to the spring to eat our dinner. I felt as if I must find something pleasant to say about the noble spring whose overshadowing trees he was so proud of. So we rode to a spot where some people were at work and where there stood a hut or two. They were dumping earth for the embankment that now crosses our Tionesta Spring Run. The dead silent forest shut in these groups too on every side; the lengthening after- noon shadows were driving out the sunshine from the opening; it seemed as if the human mites must soon cease their ineffectual labours and retreat before the overpowering solemn gloom. As we again passed our little abandoned clearing Tom ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F1_VolIVA_p026.jpg) and I dropped our last affectation of cheerfulness. The brief happy journey, snatched between times of such anxiety, seemed to end here as at the grave of our hopes. As we looked back upon it I felt the probability there was that we should never return, and that I should rest a broken heart in my soldier's grave erelong. When we left Margaret Glat next morning, Tom said to her in his fashion, half to her, half to himself, "I can't stay away from these woods. If I'm killed in the war you'll see my ghost haunting them." "Ach, no, Colonel," cried the simple woman, bursting into tears, "don't spook it, it's so awful lonesome here anyhow middle in the woods. Say you won't walk here!" Casting a glance around as if a disembodied spirit already troubled her peace! Tom laughed and promised, but we rode away very silently. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F1_VolIVA_p027.jpg) CHAPTER VIII Tom's holiday ended soon if one|may call that a holiday which is spent by a wounded prisoner on parole in recovering the use of his limbs. Before he had thrown aside his crutch, he returned to the army. One of our country neighbours, with the rare tact possessed by the bringers of evil tidings, touched my shoulder just before the services in the church began one August Sunday, and pointed out to me a list of prisoners who were to be included in the next exchange. Had my husband been in one of the Virginia prisons the sight of his name in the Sunday Mercury's list would have been gladdening. As it was I thought of him lying on his sofa in our room with the pine-tree branches shading the window --still so pale and suffering, with a sick impatience to be back with him for the few hours that remained. As we drove home Aunt Ann prevailed upon ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F1_VolIVA_p028.jpg) September Stanton refases resignation me not to spoil our invalid's usual afternoon sleep with the news. So I packed his trunk as he slept, and though he said he wished I had let him enjoy our society during the time he had left, I have no doubt my unsentimental Aunt was right, and that his refresh- -ing sleep did him more good. That night he left for "the front", and a few hours after receiving his exchange was heading his Bucktails in repelling the charge at Catlett's Station. Then came Bull Run the 2d and Chantilly. It is not for my feminine and in- capable pen to narrate his doings. September saw him a Brigadier, and his winter passed in the Loudon mountains of Virginia. The spring found him worn out with the duties of his camp life, and, as he was unfit for the active service for which he petitioned, he tendered his resignation. Stanton refused to accept it, saying that he must take the longest furlough that could be ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F1_VolIVA_p029.jpg) 7 May 1893 — Firemen bring Tom unconscious on stretcher Pneumonia- Chancellorsville in wet clothes (due to Clarion Rolling) granted; the country could not afford to lose his services. Before his furlough reached him, or rather before he left the camp for I think it was in his posession, came the battle of Chancellorsville. When the army moved he was suffering from an incipient attack of Pleurisy, but insisted on heading his Brigade. Un- fortunately Clarion rolled over in swimming the Rappa- honnock and Tom was obliged to keep on the wet clothes there was no time to change. He forced himself to endure his illness until those terrible days were over, and then the surgeons sent him home to die, Pneumonia having set in. On the 7th of May 1863 he was brought back to Philadelphia by one of his aides. A telegraphic message, brought me to the city to meet him at Aunt Patterson's, and at nightfall an ambulance of one of the Fire Companies drew up at the door, and a motion- less form was carried in upon a stretcher. They said he had only fainted, and indeed he soon muttered ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F1_VolIVA_p030.jpg) Tom delirious Dr. orders to the mountains out of Schuylkill River Valley Heat my name. The men then withdrew, refusing to accept anything for their kindly service. God Bless those fellows! People call them rowdies, but they comforted many a woman's heart besides mine by their charitable work. Poor Tom was very ill; delirious too, for several days. In his senses or out of them he was grieving over the disastRous battle, moaning "Oh my country. Oh my country! Lost, lost!" for hours. My voice disturbed him, for he fancied that I had come to him on the battle-field, and that his duty to his men obliged him to leave me half-sheltered by a rock. The pathos of his voice wrung my heart as he implored me "not to think him cruel; he must go!" His feverish utterences taught me how deeply seated that love of his was for his country, and gave me strength for a new trial. When he was able to be moved, the doctors ordered him to the mountain air, as the stagnant heat of the fat Schuyl- ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F1_VolIVA_p031.jpg) <1. Dr. Mitchell says his life penalty of continuing in service telegram- meet me in Baltimore 2 kill meadows round Aunt Ann's was sapping the little strength he had. I could not leave the children to go with him. He had again tendered his resignation as Dr. Mitchell said his life would pay the penalty of 1 continuing to serve. It had not yet been accepted, but he had a long sick-leave, and I was preparing to be one of the happy women with my head to take care of me again. In the end of June came the great raid into Mary- land, the "flurry" of the dying Rebellion. Aunt Ann and I exulted in the thought that Tom was "out of harm's way", but not for very long. There came a tele- gram for me, dated "Harrisburg" bidding me meet him at 2 Baltimore. Poor Aunt Ann protested in vain that if Tom was able to travel he ought to come to me. I was in too delicate health to travel alone. A voice in my heart told me that the time had come when I must make my country my free-will offering. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F1_VolIVA_p032.jpg) DR. FREEMAN'S VIEW. As I sped along in the cars the shattering noise formed a dismal accompaniment to my thoughts. It was not the first time that I had sat silent for hours, borne thus swiftly to meet a trial of my ut- most endurance; gathering up my strength as I went. I had formed my resolution by the time I reached my journey's end; but the struggle was severe. I could scarcely unclose my set teeth, and a slight fall in leaving the cars produced a nervous chill. I knew that if I wept it would be harder to tell my resolution; and that it would grieve my poor Tom. When he rose from his sofa in the twilight and came eagerly to greet me, I kissed him, but refused to talk until I had refreshed my strength with a cup of tea. Indeed my teeth still chattered with the ague-chill of misery. Then I sent for Dr. Freeman, and learned from him -- he knew Tom's condition better than anyone else--that he thought Tom unfit for service, but that excitement might enable ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F1_VolIVA_p033.jpg) DR. FREEMAN SAYS EXCITEMENT WILL SUSTAIN HIM THIS IS NO RAID- IT'S INVASION. him to keep the field for a week or even ten days before sinking. "Would his usefulness in commanding his men be worth the cost to his own health--supposing he were not killed on the field?" Dr. Freeman's "Yes" was very emphatic. When he was gone I returned to Tom and said I was ready to hear all he had to say. He told me this was no "Raid" RIGHT --it was Invasion. Weak as he was, and technically free by his Sick Leave, he was not bound to go for- ward. Besides I had his promise. But--what did I say? I said "Go". Since his country needed him I released him until the crisis should be over. If he survived it, then I reclaimed him absolutely-- but, now, whatever the issue, I gave him to her freely." There! That's all the heroine I ever enacted, and hard enough it was to play the part. I am not ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F1_VolIVA_p034.jpg) quite sure either whether mine was genuine patriot- ism or love for Tom in disguise. Did not I know well that honour was dearer to him than life, and that his heart would break if our cause was defeated when he was in his own eyes a recreant? I believed we should be defeated, and so did every -one else! I have heard that Lincoln thought a week would probably see terms made with the Southern Invaders. And now, having settled the matter, we resolved to put melancholy thoughts away. Tom had to go to Washington for orders next morning, as the positi on of his Brigade was not known to him. Saying we should not be parted until the last, if I did not mind going home alone, he carried me with him, and we made a merry trip of it, as if we were once more journeying up Driftwood and Sinnemehoning "ad nostri monti." Tom left me in the carriage while ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F1_VolIVA_p035.jpg) he went into the War Department. How long a time he was gone! I fell asleep in the blazing sunshine for very weariness, and when he jumped into the carriage again, was surprised to find him in real and not affected spirits. I surmised by his smiling to himself and twisting his moustache that he was not on routine duty. But all he told me was that we must return as far as Baltimore together, and so we bought some cakes to eat and went gaily back. At Baltimore we parted, and I wonder whether Tom's spirits vanished as mine did when I saw the last look of his dear face! The rebels had obtained the key to our telegraphic cypher, and Stanton gladly entrusted the new one to Tom. He was to go in plain clothes to seek Meade's head-quarters in the field; somewhere beyond Westminster--but there was rebel cavalry in Westminister. That "somewhere" proved to be ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F1_VolIVA_p036.jpg) EXCITEMENT IN PHILADELPHIA Gettysburg! I am glad I did not know what his errand was! If caught he would have met Andre's fate. All the|way home I was kept up by the excite- ment of danger. There were|g unboats in sight guard- ing Gunpowder and another Creek, cannon and troops at the Relay House, and squads of soldiers at every station. I found our Philadelphia relations wild with fright and patriotism, the|militia having been ordered off and their wives weeping and hiding their silver. I made my way out to Aunt Ann's in the after- noon. How safe and sequestered in its green quiet Gray's Lane looked, with our century old Whitby Hall flashing back the sunlight from its small-paned windows. There it stood on its grassy slope, its gray stone walls mellowed by lichens but otherwise unchanged since the day Grandmother Leiper walked from it up the lane to see the defeated English [written on side in pencil] Grandmother walked up lane to see defeated English leave ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F1_VolIVA_p037.jpg) AUNT ANN HIDES HER SILVER LEE'S TASTE FOR SPOONS. troops passing away from Philadelphia. The sense of peacefulness was so strong upon me that I was moved to hysteric laughter when I entered Aunt Ann's house, and the dear lady greeted me as if I had run the gauntlet amid the armed ranks of the whole rebel force. Even here, in the hideously unpretending farmhouse, I found the enemy expected. What a taste for spoons was assumed by our matrons as prevailing among Lee's troops! Aunt Ann would only give me a kitchen spoon to stir the cup of tea she brought me, having hidden away even her plated ware! Little Harry and she had debated whether a like- ness of "Stonewall" Jackson she possessed should adorn the mantlepiece, but patriotism prevailed, and the clock ticked there undisturbed. What anxious hours it marked for the next few days! Shall I ever forget that Fourth [written on side in pencil] For Shame ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F1_VolIVA_p038.jpg) 4TH OF JULY 1863 TELEGRAM READ IN CHURCH ASSEMBLIES TO PRAY FORNICTORY of July when we assembled in all the churches to pray to the God of Sabaoth! I was in "Holy Trinity" when a hasty messenger brought me in a telegram from our Governor announcing the victory. The minister read it aloud, and all the congregation rising to their feet poured out their hearts in the Psalm, "The Name of our God In Israel is known." I can never hear that grand air of Michael Haydn's un- moved, and as to Psalmist's words my Scotch ancestry were used to them as their battle-hymn. When Tom came back I found these very verses marked in his little worn Bible with the date "July 3, 11 A.M. (10.30?) written July 4, 5 A.M." It recorded for him his repulse of Johnson and Ewell's charge on Culp's Hill! I am thankful that he was of service; more thank- ful that he returned unwounded. His Major ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F1_VolIVA_p039.jpg) General's brevet is "for gallant and distinguished service at Gettysburg." His resignation was accepted in November 1863 and we passed the winter quietly at Aunt Ann's. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F1_VolIVA_p040.jpg) CHAPTER VIII AFTER GETTYSBURG, I WRITE OF My life at Greenwood during the War, apart from the painful interest I had in it was quiet in the extreme. When the long day spent in sedentary labour with my needle and pen, or in the care of the children drew to a close, Aunt Ann and I sat down by the lamp at her round table to spend what seemed to me yet longer hours. I was always anxious to bury my cares in the absorbing perusal of a book, or in writing to Tom, while Aunt Ann, unable to use her eyes for any length of time, preferred to chat. But first she read the newspaper -- long before devoured by my anxious eyes --commenting aloud as she read with such remarks as these-- "Ha! Honey, isn't McClellan a great fellow!" "Listen, honey, I'm sure you can't have read this", and the dear lady would mouth out with genuine emotion the windy vapourings of some ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F1_VolIVA_p041.jpg) Congressional orator. I think she sometimes doubted the sincerity of my patriotism, because of the coolness of my praise of the idol-heroes of the day, and sought to stimulate my enthusiasm by forcing on my reluctant ears the hired penegyrics of The Inquirer. Except for this one difference of opinion our life was harmony itself. No one could quarrel with Aunt Ann and I am not of a quarrelsome disposition. My children owe much to her for the tender grandmotherly care she gave them, and though there was no tie of blood between us, she behaved to me like a mother. To give up my evening with my book cost me a little, but I effected a compromise. I found that it mattered little whether I actually listened or not so that Aunt Ann was not obliged to think she was talking to herself. Therefore when she read the newspapers I pursued my own thoughts and threw in a word of acqui- ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F1_VolIVA_p042.jpg) OLD LEIPER BITTERLY OPPOSED TO MARRIAGE WITH COUSINS. escence haphazard. She saw my lips move and what I said she did not hear. But I preferred to make her tell me her story and as she will leave no one behind her to repeat it I will write it down as I gathered it from time to time that it may be associated with the picture we have of her comely face. Ann <*> was next in age to Mother of the Leiper sisters --a group of strikingly handsome women, I have heard. Aunt Ann's wildest romance betrayed her into no greater degree of sentiment than that of signing herself for a few years "Anna". But she had an attachment of long standing to her cousin George Thomas, not a very severe attack, I fancy; rather what the Scotch call "a ganging plea." Old Mr. Leiper was bitterly opposed to marriages between cousins; his "bonnie Nanny" dutifully held her father's opinion as her law. She considered herself as entitled to no pity on the score of "blighted affection", and maintained her cheerful manner. ANN GRAY LEIPER THOMAS ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F1_VolIVA_p043.jpg) SISTERS ALL MARRY Her sisters married one after another, till Ann's face was the only one left at her father's hearth. Father and mother grew infirm, and Ann became nurse and house- keeper in the old Market Street house. The Leipers were what is called a "united" family; it was the habit of the sisters to discuss their home affairs with each other as freely as in their maiden days, much to the annoyance of their husbands. Ann, who was regarded as enviably free from care, was made the depositary of the "worries" of each sister's household, and borrowed in each family's emergency. "Sister Helen's" house was to be cleaned - Sister Ann must come over to help --"Jane" was to have a baby - Sister Ann must keep house for her and manage her unruly children --"Julia" vowed that she could not endure her Virginia plantation, if Ann did not come to spend the long, lonely winter with her. Was there a family quarrel? Poor Ann was chosen to be the unwilling ambassadress between the ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F1_VolIVA_p044.jpg) THE LOT OF THE UNMARRIED SISTER high contending parties. There is no law to prevent people from victimising helpless single women with ill- judged and unsuitable confidences, forcing them to bear other people's burdens on the ground that they have none of their own. Ann was not improved in mind or character by the training of these years. She learned to shut the lips which the impetuous Leiper nature was ready to open unadvisedly--but she saw the undress side of too many households, and formed a low opinion of human nature in consequence. She judged of the actions of those around her as influenced by meaner motives than those which were apparent. Although it fosters humility to search out our own weak- nesses, and is a good exercise when we design to cure them, it is by no means an improving one to learn those of others. Aunt Ann grew timid too, and while she steered her way dexterously to avoid hurting the sensitiveness of one relative, or to keep from rousing the ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F1_VolIVA_p045.jpg) ill temper of another, she yearned for the safe asylum of a home of her own. It was during a course of mild flirtations with the boys of the Virginia University, who admired her mature graces, that she learned that "Cousin George", grown tired of his long fruitless wooing was about to marry Jane Graff. "The Queen of Silence" as the merry Leiper girls called her, had fallen in love with hand- some jolly Farmer George. His brother had married her sister, and some intimation was dexterously conveyed to George, I suppose. Then Ann began to doubt the evil of marriages between cousins. I grew quite sad over the picture I imagined of her desolation, and was startled when she let fall, another evening, the fact that, George being married, she engaged herself to an old widower of fortune. She would have married him, but they parted on a question of settlements. As usual the ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F1_VolIVA_p046.jpg) entire family entered into the discussion of the affair, nobly standing up for the preservation of her money-- threatened with being carried out of the family. In a year's time Jane Graff died, leaving behind her a portrait with long earrings, and a preternaturally long face; a baby too who inherited the same long features in miniature and the same "grand talent pour le silence." Aunt Ann, as she told me "had been cured of all her nonsense" by George's marriage to another, and, her scruples thus happily removed, she espoused her cousin as soon as the orthodox period of his widowerhood had elapsed. Near Old Whitby Hall, on the opposite bank of McGray's Run, Branch of "Cobb's Creek", and across the road from the ancestral homestead, was a farmhouse, whither George Thomas brought his bride. It was one of the ugliest of buildings; placed for convenience close to the highroad, and over- looking flat fields, when a few hundred yards ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F1_VolIVA_p047.jpg) THE THOMAS FARM farther "out of the way" would have given them a site on the picturesque banks of the stream. But Ann and George were entirely satisfied. His "little bit of money" and her "little bit of money" put together had purchased those flat fields, whose crops were a goodly sight to them. They furnished the house, aided by "Sister Helen's good practical advice". Ann had learned to despise hearitly the/ornaments and artistic embellishments on which her sisters lamented that "Doctor Petterson and Mr. Kane" lavished so much money." Our good couple provided squab horse-hair sofas, a formal mahogany pier-table and spindle legged piano with the orthodox number of solid chairs in the square parlour. The square dining room contained a heavy round table capable of unlimited extension, as many substantial rush bottomed chairs as could be ranged round the walls, and two capacious rock- ing chairs. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F1_VolIVA_p048.jpg) EVAN THOMAS Upstairs were high-post bedsteads, solid washstands, and substantial bureaus. Good clean white-washed/walls everywhere, no flimsy chintz curtains and flowing draper- ies; everything was calculated to wash and wear well. To one piece of ante-bridal extravagance Mr. Kane persuaded the couple. Sully painted their portraits to hang side by side in the parlour, where Aunt Ann's happy face looked lovely in spite of her forty years. Though banished from the parlour Jane Graff's long visage was honorably placed above their bedroom mantel-piece. Aunt Ann's wholesome nature rejected the idea of jealousy. Such love as George had was hers. "I was his first love and his last," she said with a fond smile, "and I can feel nothing but gratitude to the poor dear thing for stepping in and leaving me that precious child." So she yearly [-]ired "to be given to Evan's wife" the ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F1_VolIVA_p049.jpg) Aunt Ann perpetuates Memory of George's first wife's death. little trousseau of his dead mother, and carefully preserved the workbasket in which a needle was left sticking in a little unfinished baby-cap by the poor young creature. And when George, as years rolled by, occasionally forgot the day of her death, Aunt Ann would gently remind him that the anniversary was sacred to her memory. I have heard that George occasionally also became impatient of being thus held to his allegiance, for he was by no means defi- cient in a sense of the ludicrous. But Aunt Ann was innocent of irony. There was nothing poetical about the good pair. They marked out for themselves a plain round of easy duties to themselves, and to their neigh- bours--and fulfilled them. Aunt Ann "coddled" George, and George coddled "Ann", and both petted Evan. Evan was one of those faultless boys whose faces are always spotless, whose pantaloons never need patches at the knees. His cousins teased him, and he clung to ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F1_VolIVA_p050.jpg) his mother's apron string until even his good-humored father opined that"the boy was a milk sop". In vain did Johnny Kane and George Leiper try to "drub a little life into him" on the Saturday afternoons when they were invited to play with their cousin. Play! It was wretchedness to poor Evan who felt himself despised by the naughty boys whose physical prowess he envied. It was small consolation to him that his faultless behaviour was the constant theme of his admiring grandmother and fond stepmother. His father decided to send him to the public school and thence to the High School. That must make a man of him! As well might one fling a crayfish into the water and bid it sport about near the surface. Be it ever so willing, Nature forces it to sink to the bottom and worm itself into tiny caverns among the pebbles. Poor Evan was perfectly willing to grow up stalwart, boister- ous and merry like his big, jolly, ruddy father, and acquiesced ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F1_VolIVA_p051.jpg) in the heroic treatment deemed likely to produce the desired result. But Nature decreed that he should be a tall, thin, silent lad, inheriting his mother's character. No one at that time suspected that he might have develop- ed into an artist or would have valued the possibility. He had a genius for music, poor boy, but no one studied his real tastes. He was destined to be a farmer, and his school education was simply designed by his father to harden him physically by association with the rough boys of the Public School. Evan shrank from his companions studied diligently, and brought home all the prizes and certificates of merit his teachers could bestow. His father pished and pshawed at them, but Aunt Ann treasured them with infinite pride. I have heaps of Evan's books now, spotless copy-books, faultless exercises, and gramm- ars free from the tear-marks and dog's ears which mark the slow progress of the ordinary school boy. The years of Evan's boyhood were the ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F1_VolIVA_p052.jpg) happiest of Aunt Ann's life. George was a practical farmer and she was as proud of his feats in the hay- field and the thrasing floor, as she was of Evan's scholastic triumphs. The husband and wife loved to stroll over their farms together, to jog together in their roomy country-vehicle wherever George's avocations called him. Aunt Ann put into practice all the house- wifely theories she had formed while contemplating the failures of her matron friends, and prided herself on the turkeys, the chickens, the vegetables and fruits she raised. Ann's currants and the wine and jelly she made from them were admitted to excel all others, and George jestingly complained that she cost him a little fortune yearly in supplying the tables of her less favored city relations. His delight was to cram the carriage with the sickly little town-bred cousins and carry them off to the hay- fields and orchard treasures of Greenwood. Regularly too, they bade their kin ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F1_VolIVA_p053.jpg) GEORGE THOMAS DIES SUCCEEDED BY SON EVAN assemble round their board, and fed them with the best oysters, terrapins and canvass-backs the Chesapeake supplied; the fattest turkeys, the freshest vegetables, unwilted salads, fruit, and cake and cream. The rosy happy couple beamed on their guests from the head and foot of the table, satisfied to see all eat, and neither desiring nor missing the flash and sparkle of witty conversation. I can understand why the free-handed hospitable "Yorkshire squire" loved to hear my husband sing, "Why wave my fields with yellow grain!" In process of time, George slept with his fathers, and Evan reigned in his stead. Aunt Ann has pointed out to me the last jotting down in her husband's note-book-- "Cousin Tom and|his little bride dined with us." It is therefore of Evan's reign only that I speak from personel observation. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F1_VolIVA_p054.jpg) Tom tries to foster Evan Thomas' taste for organ music To an uninterested spectator the heir was not an attractive young man, but Tom's kind heart took pity on the solitary lad. He fostered his taste for music, and an organ became Evan's source of happiness. Following Tom's hints he sought to interest himself in landscape gardening, and rural architecture, and albeit the results were crude, the efforts were meritorious. He had un- promising materials to deal with. Nothing could make that narrow high-shouldered eaveless farmhouse picture- sque, nor could the straight row of sycamores that de- fined the short entrance lane be enduced by the most ingenious clumping of evergreen shrubs Evan's skill could plant to cease pointing it stiffly out. But a wide piazza with graceful iron supports replaced the old wooden porch, and Evan took pleasure in the wide brown and buff stripes of the painted veranda roof which superseded the mossy old shingles. We all praised the pretty porch, and forbore to look at the incongrously ugly house behind, though ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F1_VolIVA_p055.jpg) it was like a housemaid with a Paris bonnet, and an old homespun dress. Aunt Ann submitted reluct- antly to have her poultry resticted to the barn- yard, instead of scratching up Evan's sharply defined, neat gravel walks, and thenoble maple tree, and wide shadowing pine beside the windows--ceasing to be regarded as mere roosting-porches for the fowls, showed themselves the chief ornaments of the place. Inside the house, Aunt Ann and Evan's united taste had repapered the walls, and carpeted the parlour with a gorgeous piece of hideousness. I persuaded Evan to do no more until he should return from the European tour he planned. I know how his taste when cultivated by seeing beautiful objects would revolt from the ungainly surround- ings of his present life. He agreed with me, probably fancying also that he would enjoy furnishing the house to please his bride. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F1_VolIVA_p056.jpg) Thomas Frail Evan in Love - rejected. For Evan was in love. I did not guess his errand when the narrow-chested and hectic-cheeked young fellow ambled soberly townwards twice a week on his fat old pony, his long face lengthened by the ear- tabs of the cloth cap whose strings Aunt Ann tied so carefully beneath his chin. But recalling his image as he went a wooing, I can scarcely wonder that the gay girl whose heart he sought rejected his advances. Aunt Ann told me the story after his death, during the long solitary evenings when the children were abed and Tom was away at the wars. She had a half-built theory that Evan's rejection weighing upon him had been the cause of his illness. (Of course she thought Evan his father's image, and rejected with pained abhorrence the idea that her boy inherited his mother's consumptive tendency!) There were some stubborn facts which mili- ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F1_VolIVA_p057.jpg) -tated against the theory, and out of which she might construct quite a different one. Whether it might not prove a more gratifying one to her lonely heart, and afford a still more romantic view of Evan's memory, she debated with an unconscious simplicity that was amusing! She had accustomed herself to talk to me while I was writing, and liking, as deaf persons do, to talk aloud, half-imagined perhaps that I did not hear her. I gather- ed that a pretty young niece from Virginia, who had visited her during our absence in the summer succeeding Evan's rejection, had been his confidante. Perhaps she had caught his heart in the rebound! It was certain that he had planned for her the seat between the twin-trees overlooking the lane. There they used to sit in the summer twilights watching the light vehicles toiling up the steep bank of Cobb's Creek, and Aunt Ann imagined that a warmer feeling than sympathy was springing up between ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F1_VolIVA_p058.jpg) Letters come through from the South during the war. them. They corresponded after Julia's return to Virginia and the letters were not shown to Aunt Ann. When Evan was dying he signed to Aunt Ann to transfer to her own finger the ring that slipped from his wasted one. She supposed it was his mother's wedding ring which he had worn for years, but it proved to be one Julia had given him in exchange for it. Dear Aunt Ann would have adopted Julia and loved her as a daughter, if Julia had been artful enough to profess a deeper grief than she really felt. But her outspoken letters breathed nothing more than a friend's regret, and were filled with gay gossip about the many beaux to whom a Virginia girl thinks it consistent with maidenly propriety to grant as many tokens of regard as she had given Evan. Moreover Julia became a bitter little rebel, and the rare letters that came during the war were filled with denunciations of the North! ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F1_VolIVA_p059.jpg) It cost Aunt Ann[-] pang to admit finally that Julia did not wear the willow for Evan, but she did so and rested upon first hypothesis. Aunt Ann tried hard to retain her interest in her home life after Evan's death, and her kind heart clung to us and to our children. But her happy days were over. George's death, while it grieved her, broke up no habits. But she honestly attributed to her grief at Evan's death, all the troubles and annoyances consequent upon having to alter her ways of living in old age. Her sister, Mrs. Kane, made the opposite mistake. Mother fancied that the possession of a home of her own, would restore to her the peace of mind and happy content ment she had lost with the husband whose love had given her all the repose she ever tasted. Mother's grief was as restlessly vivacious as Aunt Ann's was decorously quite. Mother held in abhorrence ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F1_VolIVA_p060.jpg) the hour between lights which Aunt Ann loved to spend with folded hands, rocking her chair and meditat- ing; no one able to accuse her reveries of passing into actual dreams. Mother, on the contrary, would order in the lamp, and sew with trembling haste even when the seam grew dim through slow gathering tears. We know she dreaded to recall the time when her husband used to lay down his pen, and seek his Jeanie to pass a brief hour of relax- ation in the dusk of the afternoon. Evan left Aunt Ann a tangled skein to wind. Mingled with her grief was an unconscious exasperation at him for slipping out of the dilema he left to her. He ought to have outlived her to inherit her possessions and trans- mit them to his children in the course of Nature, instead of unreasonably dying, and leaving her with a will to make. There was something absurd in the idea. Aunt Ann to make a will, whose whole life had been spent in ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F1_VolIVA_p061.jpg) subjecting her will to that of others until it had ceased to act of its own accord: She talked the subject over with me, day in and day out, for months, much to my distaste. I could at last no longer retain my recollect- tion of the many wills she made and revoked, and wounded the dear lady's feelings by my forgetfulness of what seemed so important to her. Even for a person of a firmer disposition it would have been difficult to decide what it was just to do. I believe, indeed, that the conditions she felt to be imposed upon her required a violation of the absolute fairness she desired to show. She had three estates to bequeath equitably among four claimants--that is, she called them three estates, though they were legally but one. Her husband died, and she inherited a life estate in his property. Evan died, bequeathing everything to her, but before he died he told her what his wishes were, and to carry them out conformably with her ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F1_VolIVA_p062.jpg) own ideas of justice puzzled her. She held that the property she brought into the family should return to her own relatives, the Graff property to Evan's mother's kin, and George's inheritance to the Thomas family. This sounded very simple but she found unexpected difficult- ies in her way. The first was that George, having had the use of the money of both wives, had bought property with it; and her lawyer pointed out that the proportions of increase of value of each of the three estates must be ascertained before she could divide them. The second difficulty was the worst one, and arose from Evan's expression of his wishes. Aunt Ann had meekly allowed herself to be "confirmed" into the Episcopal Church to please her husband and son, but his death released her affections, which vacillated back into their old Presbyterian channel. Evan told her that had he outlived her, he would have largely endowed an Episcopal charity, to be established on the lands they held in Gray's Lane. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F1_VolIVA_p063.jpg) He obtained from her a more or less distinct promise that she would carry out his intention. Next, he in- timated his opinion that the Thomas's and Graff's ought to have the properties that had been his mother's and father's. He died, without saying what she now saw followed logically, that the charity was to be endowed out of her Leiper funds. She had not sufficient affect- ion for the Episcopal Church to relish the idea of dim- inishing the portions of her Presbyterian relatives and increasing the value of the Thomas Lands by the build- ings to be erected so near them. Nor had she the moral courage to face the certain indignation of whichever set of heirs should find themselves at her death choused out of their expected inheritance. Being a Leiper, it was impossible for her to realise that the time would actually come when she would lie indifferent, cold alike to praise or blame. By antici- ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F1_VolIVA_p064.jpg) petion she trembled at the indignation Dr. Thomas would express at the reading of her will. Or what would Sister Helen say! Every Sunday Aunt Ann went over to Whitby to read to George's "dear old mother". As regularly she returned, quivering with the anger she had self-control enough to refrain from uttering. "Dear old mother" was a little dry chip of a Quakeress, born and brought up within the walls of the old house, and living to extreme age by dint of caring solely for her own selfish comfort all the days of her life. Dr. Thomas, who lived with her, was her favorite son, and Aunt Ann never forgot that while George lay dying, this "dear old mother" sent in hot haste for lawyers and witnesses and altered her will. Now, she dwelt pertinaciously to Aunt Ann upon her view that Ann should not separate from the Thomas's the property which ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F1_VolIVA_p065.jpg) stood in their name. She felt sure, she said, that dear George and Evan had left Ann free because they knew she would strive to act in accordance with their wishes. She did not add, as Aunt Ann did mentally, that Evan could not legally have disposed of her prop- erty, that the cunning old lady was right in attribut- ing the motives she did, to Evan at least. He meant no wrong, but he had been brought up to feel himself the rightful heir of Aunt Ann's money, and it was but natural that he should feel an interest in its disposal. Every acre of land too that was purchased he had seen carefully plotted on the survey of the Thomas Estate, and had been taught that it was to be kept together as a sacred trust. The Thomas Estate had|only recently taken root in the land. His grandmother, the youngest of the Grays, married a poor Marylander, who came to reside under her father's roof with her. He acted as manager for her father, and when the old man died ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F1_VolIVA_p066.jpg) the old maid sisters of his wife thanked "Heaven that gave them the efficient brother-in-law who knew all about the Estate." Long before they died and bequeathed their shares to "the family" the property was known as his, and his children and grandchildren felt themselves to be the only lineal descendants worth reckoning of the Coultases and Grays who created the Estate. They scraped and punched to gather together again under one ownership all the lands around the old Hall. Wills and bequests were talked about in their infant ears, and the ownership of various heirlooms taught them with their A.B.C. In the wainscotted parlor at Whitby the quaintly carved cup- boards on either side the high mantle piece were filled with pieces of rare old china. In every punchbowl, cup and dish lay a label bearing the name of its future owner, and as each heir died the ancient great grand- mother's old hands removed his or her name and substituted ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F1_VolIVA_p067.jpg) that of some new and hitherto cupless scion of the Thomas stock. What wonder that Evan sought to guide Aunt Ann's testamentary inclinations in favor of these careful folk, instead of the generous and waste- ful Leipers! But Aunt Ann rebelled in her heart against her mother-in-law's dictation, and felt as if Evan were twice dead and his memory blotted out on learning from the heedless babble of a little nephew that his name was substituted "in Cousin Evan's pitcher." People with wider interests in life will laugh at the idea that a pitcher could cause a genuine pang to Aunt Ann's good tender soul. But she cherished everything that bound Evan's memory to the living, and each sign that he was forgotten wounded her. Dr. Thomas and "Sister Helen" were outspoken in their counsel to Aunt Ann, but as they were diametric- ally opposed to each other, their advice ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F1_VolIVA_p068.jpg) came to nothing. I used to wonder at the angry veh- emence Dr. Thomas displayed sometimes, for he was naturally a quiet, kind-hearted man. But his death taught me that the poor fellow had been suffering a gnawing anxiety about his children's future. Unknown to anyone he had speculated in stocks, and was hover- ing on the verge of ruin. Ann's money would save his, and Ann was older than he! How she vacillated: He must know what she meant to do! And then three-day's illness cut him off, and his mother again altered her will in favor of her one remaining child. If Aunt Ann could have persuaded me to give her advice, which she might quote in support of her action, I think she would have followed it, but this I declined to do. I once maliciously suggested her taking counsel with her "rector", as good little Mr. Maison liked to hear himself called. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F1_VolIVA_p069.jpg) "Honey," said Aunt Ann indignantly - "when I want to hear about what's good for my soul, he does very well. But when I want anything practical, you don't catch me trusting him. He has no judgment, none whatever!" After Dr. Thomas' death, Aunt Ann fell more under Aunt Helen's sway. But Aunt Helen has a daughter as resolute as herself, who has espoused an Episcopal minister and is as rigid a Church-woman as the descend- ant of a long line of Calvinists naturally becomes when she turns her back on Presbyterianism. Under her ausp- ices Aunt Ann ventured to bestow some Fifteen Thousand Dollars worth of property on the Espiscopal Charity I have alluded to. It was done secretly, for fear of Aunt Helen, and my husband who never imagined there was a secret in the matter, congratulated Aunt Ann on having decided finally, and eased her mind. Aunt ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F1_VolIVA_p070.jpg) Helen was present. "Oh honey, hush," cried poor Aunt Ann in an imploring whisper, "she isn't to know any- thing about it!" The sibilent sound penetrated her sister's dull ears as Tom's voice had failed to do, and an explanation ensued. Aunt Helen's purse is drained by a son to whom that money would have been salvation, and she cannot endure the weakness that let Aunt Ann to drift into the Epis- copal Church without a conviction on the subject. The vials of her wrath were poured on Aunt Ann's devoted head, but the timid soul at last plucked up spirit enough to turn. "Sister," she cried, "I wanted to be saved this, but since you have learned so much, I'll tell you more! They want two acres in addition for a site. I had not decided about it, but since you say I don't know my own mind, I'll show you that I do. They shall have them. There!" ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F1_VolIVA_p071.jpg) And she escaped from the room. The Bishop praised the manificence of the "good Churchwoman" in the circular he sent to the faithful, inviting contributions to the new Foundation, and Aunt Ann has become a regular attendant at the Highest Church in Philadelphia on all "Saint's days." She writes to me that she wishes I could go with her; she is sure I would enjoy the music as much as she does. It is probable. For I do not know one tune from another, and I doubt if she does. Moreover she is almost stone deaf! But she escapes from the constant chiding of Aunt Helen, and is quietly happy for an hour or two, saying her prayers from a book which enables her to know what her fellow worshippers are praying, catching the tones of the organ, sleeping a little in the sermon and waking with a start to note the dresses and bonnets and bring home a little gossip to ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F1_VolIVA_p072.jpg) propitiate Aunt Helen. In these latter days she devotes herself to Aunt Helen as she has done all her life to some one. She retains her old childish respect for the handsome domineering elder sister who is now a weak help- less invalid, chafing because "when she was young she girded herself and went whither she would, and now she is old another girds her and carries her whither and she would not!" My description of her present life shows that she has quitted her old home. She left it when our going made the solitude there unbearable to her, and I do not believe she will ever return. Her gentle sweet- ness makes her welcome wherever she bends her steps, and there will be loving friends upon whom to lean when her way goes down the Valley of the Shadow. Factories and mean villages are spreading ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F1_VolIVA_p073.jpg) out from the city, and streets are run through the fields of the old Gray Estate, rendered unhealthy, unwholesome and unsightly alike by the brick yards with which young Harmer Thomas strives to pay off the mortgages the prop- erty has been encumbered with by his father's speculations. There is disappointment at Whitby, for the "dear old grand- mother" dying left all her hoards to the grasping daughter in Maryland, whom the resident Thomases cannot feel to be one of themselves. The old Hall still stands untouched on its green hillside, its gray walls adorned with creeping plants that reach up even to the quaint wooden urns upon its gables. From the pretty porch the children still issue forth to play in the hundred years old garden (1742). We never gather the first violets here without my child- ren's reminding me how early in the spring the sweet white blossoms were found peering ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F1_VolIVA_p074.jpg) same as 290 of original from last year's fallen needles under the old pines. The story runs that "Grandmother Gray" planted them there when she came out to the "new settlement" from England, a girl of seventeen. Her youngest daughter was the great|grandmother Thomas who has just ceased to exist there at the age of ninety seven, after passing a life as useful as that of a toad in a stone. At Whitby everything is still as sleepy, quiet and stagnant, as everything here is brisk and exhilar- ating. We are out of the atmosphere of wills and will- making. Hah! I'm glad we did not inherit the old ancestral home! Nous sommes ancetres! also endeavor to close the histories of those who first tried the wilderness with us, and note the beginnings of those who now occupy the farms of Nye Sveria and cottages of our pretty little town. Let me go back to the month after the fire. It was hard to realise that there was to be no pause in our Life, that we must resume our burden and go on. Everybody seemed to take it for granted that our interest in their daily concerns was to be the same as ever. I expected comfort in soothing letters from our nearest relatives, and waited with a sort-of feverish expectation that was destined to the same dis- -appointment as Lillibridge experienced when his Big Job ended. Mother Kane, and my father ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F2_p004.jpg) were both impulsive people. They certainly were sorry for our misfortune, but obeying their impulse they scolded us heartily. "Jeallen"! "Couldn't help it? Didn't I always tell you to be careful? Don't let me catch you doing it again!" Such was the gist of the letters of these job's comforters. Our knees were sadly bruised, but no healing application was made: not even the "kiss to make it well" which comforts the grown child for his unlucky tumble as well as the little one. Our friends deemed it prudent that we should economise. And to this end they conduced in the following manner. and form following; to wit: Within a week of the fire we were warned to expect Dr. and Mrs S. two children and two servants. Mother we wished to consider herself as always at home, so that we hardly called her coming that of of a guest. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F2_p005.jpg) But when Mrs H. wrote that she had persuaded "Sam" to take a holiday trip, and that he and she and their son of fifteen would "drop in" for a few days, I really thought a few of Job's tents would have been acceptable. Indeed, I had taken credit to my- self for accommodating the ten persons of constituting our own household, in the wing that was habitable. Perhaps the effort to pack in ten more was bene- ficial to me. I contrived to do it, though my husband and I had to sleep in the bathroom, and Mr. and Mrs H. and their son in the kitchen. It had never been used yet, and was a pretty room, and I gave them the little buttery for a dressing-room. I kept all the servants and my culinary depart- ment over in the barn, where the vestibule and dining-room knocked into one, made a pleasant enough dining hall with the aid of whitewash. All through the summer we passed over to ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F2_p006.jpg) the every meal under the overarching boughs. It was very pleasant in sunny weather, and when it rained we made merry over the appearance we presented trooping along under [---] the umbrellas. The H's visit was prolonged. Mary the wife was suddenly taken ill, and even after we were relieved of anxiety about her it was deemed necessary that she should not risk the journey home. I think they stayed six weeks. How I repented myself afterwards of the evil spirit I showed when I heard [that] they were coming. Never had people received angels more unawares! I had always shunned the H's as vulgar noisy people. During the war I had been drawn towards them by the patriotism they displayed. And they had gratified me by the strong sympathy they showed for my husband at a time when he was wronged by the Washington politicians. Now they younger Kanes and I had ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F2_p007.jpg) often hurt each other's pride, they by speaking contempt =ously of "persons in trade", and I in return by obtru= =ding purposely at unseasonable times that I was of the "trading class." My father was a Wall Street banker, whereas Mr. H. was a sugar-broker, a lower deep still. I pitied Tom, the most refined and sensitive of all the Kanes, doomed to such unintellectual companionship. Judge of my surprise when I found the two warm hearts meeting on a level, and that the good Samaritan one of Mr. F's set itself to work binding up my husbands torn and bruised one. He was not clever , nor well-read, not logical - probably he may have been ungramma- -tical; but his warm sympathy thawed all the frigid reserve in which we tried to lock up our sorrow. I suppose a man of tact would have kept silence, seeing that we did so, but he never pretended to cleverness, and as he took an interest in us, saw no reason why ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F2_p008.jpg) he should not manifest it. So he asked questions, and was not satisfied with half answers. Like my father he considered a man without commercial know- -ledge as slightly deficient - not a complete being as it were. But he warmly praised the business activity Tom had shown, and encouraged him to persevere. Instead of speaking as if our misfortunes might have been avoided, had we adopted this or that course, he only regretted that such a mind as Tom's should be tied down to the small menutiae I pressed upon his attention. "Instead of trying to save dollars, Mrs Kane, the General should be handling the thousands, and leaving the cents to clerks!" He showed the sincerity with which he spoke by his actions. Finding at what high rates Tom had was borrowing he offered to provide money from time to time, endorsing Tom's notes himself. And he helped Tom to dispose of some of his coal property. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F2_p009.jpg) Only one other person had manifested such disinterested kindness. My brother Walter as I have written in its place, had sent me a thousand dollars just when that February thaw came and our contractors were failing. It came in a note containing a few warm, loving lines that comforted our hearts. (How we enjoyed paying it back with interest, when our moneys began to come in!) Mr. H. and he kept us from disbeliev- -ing in our fellow men! And Mary H. was worthy to be her husband's wife. She was as genial as sunshine, and her cheerfulness benefited me daily. God bless them both. But for their encouragement I fear that our guest Dr. S. could not have been borne by us. The burden of his doubts, his suspicions he felt called to lay so heavily upon my husband_manifesting not the slightest consciousness that Tom had troubles of his own! On Sunday mornings Sam H. loved to ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F2_p00i.jpg) LETTERS. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F2_p00ii.jpg) JOHN C. KOCH'S PATENT. PATENTED 1860-1861. THE PATENT SELF-BINDER, FOR BINDING & PRESERVING LOOSE SHEETS, SUCH AS MUSIC, NEWS PAPERS, LETTERS AND INVOICES, ETC., ETC., ETC., Can be had of every Stationer and Music Dealer in the Country. NUMBERS OF REGULAR SIZES. Regular Purposes for which Cloth Full Turke Sizes. they are used. Back. Cloth. Mor. Bk. Marble Cloth Sides. Sides. No. No. No. 14 1/2 X 22 1/4 Ledger, &c......... 100 100x 100xx 11 3/4 X 17 1/4 Harpers, &c....... 101 101x 101xx 8 1/2 X 15 Invoices............. 102 102x 102xx 10 1/2 X 14 1/2 Music................ 103 103x 103xx [-] 1/2 X 12 Packet Post....... 104 104x 104xx 8 1/2 X 11 Letter Size........ 105 105x 105xx 5 X 8 1/2 Note Size.......... 106 106x 106xx 23 3/4 X 31 1/2 Boston Post, &c.. 107 107x 107xx 16 108xx Above sizes fit a number of papers not specified. Differing sizes made to order. Please give the size of the sheet when folded. Libraries and Clubs wil find them a handsome and useful File. Order any size through your stationer. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F2_p00iv.jpg) ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F2_p00v.jpg) II Volume II "Sur le chapelet de tes pienes, Bonhomme, point de larmes vains." _"N'ai je point sujet de pleurer? Las! mon ami vient d'expirer." _ "Tu vois la'-bas une chaumine: Cours vite en chasser la famine: [-]tperds en route, grain á grain, Le noir chapelet du chagrin." ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F2_p010.jpg) assemble the children on the piazza or under the trees teaching them hymns to the liveliest tunes, and reading them Bible stories; and oh, the scorn with which Dr. S. beheld him! I believe he thought Mr. F. profaned the solemnity of the Sabbath by the cheer- fulness of the children's chiming voices, and by read- ing the Bible as if the facts it contained were of real everyday interest. No one could bring a similar charge against the Doctor's own manner of reading the sacred story_it might have been a Runic Rhyme for any emotion that his palatal tones evinced. They were both members of our Presbyterian sect. Ask Mr. F. concerning his belief and he could only state it in the words of the Catechism he learned in child -hood. He thought he believed its sternest dogmas. He accepted the idea of a Hell with real and eternal flames, and therefore felt bound to lose no opportunity of keeping people out of it. He felt that his ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F2_p011.jpg) Saviour was a living person, not far off from any of us, and, endeavoring as he did to walk humbly with this ever-present God he strove to bring others to the same happy way of life. Dr S. had entered the minis- try fresh from college, with no knowledge of life out- -side its walls. The only son of a devout mother, who had brought him up to contemplate life as best spent in being a clergyman, he had entered upon his profes- -sion without deep thought. While his early zeal lasted and while his mother lived he had preached sermons that were eagerly listened to, poetical, allegori- -cal sermons, rhetorical and logical addresses, delivered with the fervor of one who is satisfied with the style as well as the substance of what he says. But as he grew older, and studied more deeply, a change came upon him. This was a time when his ser- -mons greatly pleased Judge Kane, who could not ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F2_p012.jpg) sufficiently praise them as models of calm reasoning and sound exposition of the doctrines of his sect. That period passed and a third began, of doubt and anxiety. He was an honest man, and while he preached and prayed, one who knew him could discern the constant struggle to say as much as he could conscientiously in conformity with the doctrines of his sect, and to avoid imparting to his hear- ers the doubts that beset him. He was unhappy enough to be unable to realise that the new wine which was fermenting in his heart was undergoing a natural and healthful process. Instead of trying to give it room to work he sought to compress and to confine it. An explosion or vinegar_one of these was sure to result. Had he begun life as a Col- -lege Professor he might have followed out his trains of thought, wrestling with the Truth where he encountered It, heedless what lamed sinew might suf- ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F2_p013.jpg) -fer if the Angel would but reveal Himself at last. But the poor fellow was hampered by the necessities of his position. Christianity was his trade. The sincere milk of the Word is apt to curdle - the Heavenly Manna to corrupt when not used as it was intended. He had to preach his two sermons weekly, keeping within the limits of Presbyterian theo- logy in all he taught. He fancied he should be freer in the Episcopalian Church. His wife, an a rigidly orthodox Presbyterian combated the idea with vehemence. On Then by an intricate process of ratiocination he arrived at the knowledge that he was totally unsuited to his place as well as un- -happy in it. Unfortunately for his comfort his flock had arrived at the same conclusion. No oaf so dull that he cannot detect when the man who announces to him the glad tidings of salvation does so with a doubting heart. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F2_p014.jpg) So the flock wished to be rid of the pastor, and his feelings were wounded by the intimida tions he frequently received that his sheep were straying to other folds _ and that the pew rents were falling off. His personal wants were few- he would not have missed comforts if they had been withdrawn, but unfortunately a wife and children looked to him for daily bread and fashionable clothing. And personal animosities and jealousies came in to perplex his troubled soul further. He had written a book about "The Unknow -able" the perusal of which made me heartily glad that the Bible was written for the unlearned. To the learned, "Philosophia Ultima" may be an instructive work, but I could desire no comfort from the belief in the untangible, "viewless essence thin and bare" which it presented as God. I trust that he has since learned under sharper sorrows still to know God the ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F2_p015.jpg) loving Father who is interested in his daily life. I think he would have behaved in a more Christian spirit if he had realised God's existence in Sam H's limited everyday fashion. As it was he seemed to be souring fast. Tom had patience with him, though I do not know whether he has yet acquired patience enough Christian charity to learn with pleasure how much of Tom's patience he owed to H's reflected sunshine. All through the golden summer weather he worried us by his complaining jealousy _ the acrimony of his remarks upon the World. The World had not petted us: we could not speak of it with the bitterness of cast-off favorites. But Tom, so to speak, contrived to loosen the bung, and let the air of his own free mind enter in time to save the Doctor's wine. It isn't a full bodied vintage but it is sound. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F2_p016.jpg) He made up his mind while with us to resign his pastorate, and his resignation, one must confess, was accepted with mortifying eagerness. But he has since found his proper place among the growing youth of Princeton College Helping them to seek the truth he has found it himself, and while he decants to them from his stored supplies a new harvest is ripening in his heart, which promises a mellower wine in the future. Our household differed as much in politics as in religion. The F's and ourselves were Black Republicans, Mother a strong Democrat, and Dr S - professing his belief that a minister of the Gospel should take no part in politics, betrayed himself at the same time to be a "conservative". His wife called herself a Democrat from pride in her family traditions, but believed the Republicans ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F2_p017.jpg) were in the right having lived with relations in the Slave States. Feeling strongly, but knowing little of the tenets of either party, she generally denounced in conversation the party to which her interlocutor belonged by way of preserving an unbiassed judgment. She was unhappy at this time, ailing in health, anxiously dreading the loss of their income if Dr S. should leave his congregation, and fearing lest he should drift into Episcopa- lianism. Moreover she had not yet adapted herself to her changed position in life. She had been an only daughter, petted and indulged all her days. She was proud of her family; excessively proud of her brothers who excelled in all mental and physical accomplishments. She herself had the training of an Amazon, and scorned feminine weaknesses. And it ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F2_p018.jpg) had been her portion, at the age of thirty, to love and marry a man of no family, a dreamy student utterly destitute of worldly knowledge; who scarcely knew a horse from a cow, whose awkward movements would craze a dancing master, and who could not appreciate one tone of her exquisite voice where she sang. She who had exulted in her freedom, ridiculing her kinswomen sitting contentedly among their babies; found herself one of Eve's family, a fruitful mother and unable to help glorying in her bondage. It was a half-comic, half pathetic sight to witness the shy rapture of maternal love with which she welcomed baby lips to her white breast. Clorinda might have looked so clasp- -ing Tancred's child, but for the sword that ended her brave life. My Clorinda sometimes chafed a little ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F2_p019.jpg) 19 I thought, when she compared my husband with her own. Mated to such a one as Tom she would have been a queen among women, like that "star- -like spirit." Mated with S. she at this time ran great risk of turning out a virago. She fiercely protested against his "deserting his colours." Her strong natural affection kept her loyal to him, but she sometimes treated him as cow does her calf, licking it tenderly at one mo- -ment and anon knocking it down as too stupid for her to be patient with it longer. I used to wonder at Tom's patience often, but his troubles softened his heart and made it abound in compassion to others. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F2_p019a.jpg) Soon after the destruction of our Mill, that of Mr James at Highland blew up. Tom rode over at once to tender his sympathy and aid. Mr James told me afterwards what he "was clean beat out with trouble" when Tom rode up and put fresh heart in him so that he could look round and determine what was best to be done. Tom said he had seldom seen a more dismal sight. The Highland Mill stands far from any dwelling except that belonging to the owner in the centre of a hemlock forest. The mill was shattered by the explosion. At some distance from it stood a group of dead trees, their trunks bare of branches to the top. Far up one of these ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F2_p019b.jpg) dead trees _ as much as 60 feet above the ground -- a ghastly broken body hung across a forked bough. It was that of the unfortunate engineer who had been blown up so far as to lodge in the tree top in falling downwards again. James and his sons were consulting how to get the corpse down. In the house Mrs James sat crying over her baby, and wondering how they were to feed the ten hungry children now that the mill was gone. Like ourselves they had put in all they had, and were left with a large stock of logs, and no means of manu= =facturing them. At this time Tom had been so much inspirited by Mr. Fxxxxx. as to have re= =solved upon remaining here. He had secured better machinery than we had before, and was putting up a new mill. He counselled James to ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F2_p020.jpg) do the same, sending him the engine of our old mill, which was little injured by the fire, as well as our machinist to set it up and put it in complete order for him. Tom told him he need not trouble himself to pay for it, until he sold his lumber. James' partner Evans was worse off even than he. He was to receive a share in the profits in return for his labour; and now found himself without a penny, but with a wife and four children to maintain. He was a temperate fellow and had been living poorly. So he settled down into a melancholy. His black- -eyed wife moved softly about, her black eyes brim- -ming with the tears she dared not shed, lest the sight of her wretchedness should rouse him into suicidal frenzy. She was so much in the habit of depending on Mr. Evans in every trouble, that she felt ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F2_p021.jpg) helpless indeed when he became the crown of trouble to her. Tom stepped in to their aid, settling Evans as sawyer of the new mill, and placing his wife at the head of the boarding-house for our mill hands. The father and daughters who had kept it for us since the Dunbars left, had been chiefly intent on matrimonial schemes. In Kane more marriages take place than one could easily believe, but I suppose the reason is that our population is chiefly made up of strong young people who have no old people dependent upon them. _ Marsh and his daughters married to their own satisfaction, and left _ oh such a dirty house! It really aroused Evans from his deep dejection, when he found what swarming vermin his clean Welsh wife had to subdue. The weather was warm: they turned the furniture out of doors and encamped among it themselves. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F2_p022.jpg) For several days nights they slept in the open air, while the whitewashing, and brimstone burning went on. Evans did not relapse into depression, his wife grew rosy, and so did the children. They are now among the "upper ten" of Kane, citizens who can be relied upon to be on the side of good at all times. The loss of the first Mill kept me from taking so much interest in its successor, and I shall not dwell upon its performances. It was a finer building than the old one and had a complete sash factory with extensive carpenter shops adjoining it which cost over $20,000. We built it to aid us in settling the place, hoping also to reclaim some of the money invested in cut logs. We had to give building lumber to most of our poor farmers free of charge. Tom gave the lumber and the lot upon which the Catholics ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F2_p023.jpg) raised their church in Kane. Several people in the village too obtained their lots and lumber __ either in the capacity of good citizens who would benefit the place, or poor devils whom we desired to benefit. One very poor devil who came in our way was a certain "Hussey". He came to us recommended solely by his having been a prisoner at Andersonville. The "wayward sister's" conduct had not yet ceased to irritate us of the North. Gaunt figures were straying up towards their homes, and their looks spoke as plainly as their lips could do of the treatment they had endured. You would have supposed Captain Hussey to be in the last stage of a consumption. You could see the jointing of the jaw under his hollowed temples, you could not keep ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F2_p024.jpg) his great teeth out of your sight, for his shrunken lips but half-covered them. His limbs, or rather the bones of his legs and arms seemed to be thinly clad, his raiment hung so loosely on them. His voice was so low and husky that you felt inclined to prompt him, saying "Whisper it, Sir, and I am sure I will hear you better." Surely a man who had suffered so much for his country must be virtuous I thought. And then he talked so well, was so patriotic, and so devoutly minded! I felt that Tom showed no sympathy for his pious utterances, and was grieved that my husband did not share my joy that Hussey had abandoned papistry. I am afraid Tom called him a Humbug, when his pathos was most seraphic. When Tom employed him to sell lots in the village ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F2_p025.jpg) I sympathised in his regret that my husband tied him up so strictly in the Agreement, and gave him so little dis- cretion. I was inclined to blame Tom, but he knew better than I did. Hussey sold a few lots, requiring only a payment of 5 per cent (the amount of his commission) and promised in return all sorts of privileges to the pur= chasers. Then he asked Tom in his whining way to loan him a few hundred dollars more and failing to obtain them, shook the dust of Kane from his feet and departed, mourned by all his creditors. I do not think any of his settlers ever took their lots. The only ones in whom I took an interest were the Callahans. The father and mother were cousins, and the handsome dark haired children resembled both parents. One of the sons, a boy of eighteen, was sent up here from the Philadelphia Blind Asylum, of which he was a pupil, in the hope that "the pure mountain air might cure his cough" as the brother who guided him to Tom said. But it was too ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F2_p026.jpg) late, he was already dying and passed away in a month or two, bearing his suffering with quiet fortitude to the last. Another brother who was studying for the priesthood came over from the Seminary at Cattarau- gus to attend his funeral. The train was delayed on the road, the fires in the cars went out and the lad caught cold. I felt for his mother, whose pride and darling he was. When Tom and I went to the house we found him lying on the same bed where we had so often seen this dead brother of whom he was the image, and the few days of his illness had sufficed to reduce him to a state of hopeless weakness. One afternoon his eldest brother came for me. The lad knew that he was dying, and having heard a report that I could photograph, was very anxious that I should take his likeness for his mother. I regret- -ted the lateness of the hour and explained that I never ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F2_p027.jpg) took portraits. But Callahan persisted. If I would only make the attempt, he said, the boy would be satisfied. So of course I yield -ed and hastily preparing my chemicals, set off on the long walk. I found the doors and win- dows of the cabin all open, and the poor young Seminarist dressed and reclining in a rocking chair as he watched for me. His mother was fanning him, and a breeze was stirring the leaves, and lifting the curtain beside him, but his breast heaved as if he were stifling. It was a sorrowful sight and I could scarcely refrain from weeping as I looked at him. I saw that the sun was too low, and the shadow of the forest too deep to obtain a good picture, and that it was idle to torture the poor boy to sit before my slow-working landscape lens. I proposed to come again early in the morning, but I knew in my heart ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F2_p027a.jpg) that the darkness would not turn to light a gain in this world for him. He said quite simply that he "should not live till morning, and Mother fancied she would prefer a picture taken now while he could show his love." So I had his chair drawn close to a window looking to the West, that the last rays of the setting sun light up his wasted face and large dark eyes, as he leaned his head upon his mother's breast, looking out upon the world for the last time. My picture was very faint, but distinct enough to be worth keeping. I put it aside to be finished afterwards, and look my leave. In the morning they brought me word he was gone, and the mother craved the picture. I took it to give it a last bath, and alas the film began to separate from the glass, and in a ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F2_p028.jpg) few seconds the shadowy token of the poor boy's love had disappeared. Poor Mrs Callahan had little time to spend in grief. Her baby sickened, and died, and then her husband, and in a short time she and her three remaining children left Kane. Tom tried various plans for settling the neighborhood. One Schulze, a far Dutchman from St Mary's proposed to colousse the place with Germans, but his plans did not suit Tom's views. Meanwhile a knot of Tom's Bucktails who had come in to work for him, were marrying and settling in Kane. I have already spoken of Corporal Joe Barnes, and his Lucy. Tom Ryan and John McDonough married, one the elder daughter of Marsh, the widower who kept our boarding house for a short time, and the other married ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F2_p029.jpg) one of the lovely daughters of a rough teamster named Galvin. The other "Galvin Girl" married John Brooder a young man from Turtle Point, and the three families took up their abode in Kane. Turtle Point is an Irish settlement, Catholic and rowdy, whence Tom recruited some of his best daredevil soldiers. From Turtle Point Kane received another Bucktail citizen Jim Landrigan. My husband, looking at his thieves and sinews, always tells me that Jim is a very hand -some man. But to me he is singularly plain, for he can only use one eye, and the blind one does not proclaim itself such but appears to be possessed of a roving commission and to roll in its orbit independent of the other. I do not dispute Jim's stature, or his strength, and my gratitude to him saving Tom's life during the war makes me always mention him as a ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F2_p030.jpg) fine looking fellow. But if you were to come upon him in a lonely road I am afraid you would think you were encountering an ill-favored ruffian. Jim's people are decent farmer folk, and in his early manhood he had a thriving farm, and a sweet little wife they tell me. She died after a year of married life, and poor Jim was wretched. He plunged into dissipation, not of the genteel Monte- -Christo sort, you may be sure. We gave up farming and became known "down the river" as one of the best most skilled raftsmen, and most uproarious of roysterers. It was known that Jim could take any grown-man by the waistband of his trousers and throw him over his head. Jim was a Democrat of course and enlisted to follow Colonel Kane rather than with any definite view of the cause for which he fought. He was pointed out to me, the first time I ever saw him, as the sentinel who having vainly ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F2_p031.jpg) tried to divert Tom's attention, from a battery he was observing through a telescope to the fact that a "reb" was aiming at him, quietly placed himself where his huge bulk would between his slender Colonel and the enemy. The shot missed its aim, but I was not the less grateful to Jim. Again, when I went up the Shenan- -doah Valley when Tom was taken prisoner, the Bucktails told me that Jim was perfectly beside himself. His grief took the same form as it did when his wife died; he drank and furio when intoxicated mounted Tom's horse Clarion and careered over the country careless of meeting friend or foe. No one of his comrades dared to interfere , but at length Dr. Freeman came . He is as brave as man can be, and he took the horses away from Jim , and shamed him into sobriety. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F2_p032.jpg) When the Bucktails were disbanded and poor drunken Jim made his way to Kane I anticipated the unspoken wish I knew was in Tom's generous heart, and urged him to employ and try to reform him. It seemed a hopeless task with Whiskeytown so near the boarding house and ourselves so far off on our hill-top, and one day Tom decided to take Jim to live in our own house. How we rejoiced over the change! Our cheerful kitchen, Tom's encouraging eye always upon him, and the dear little children round about him, seemed to be a panacea. He grew cheerful and kept sober. By and bye he was made Constable, and who so anxious to abolish the dens at Whiskeytown as Jim! Jim's priest made him take the pledge for a year. It was pleasant to see him on a Sunday afternoon strolling under the trees with a couple ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F2_p033.jpg) of our little ones perched on his shoulders, or lying on the grass whittling toys for the little group. By and bye I brought up some new servants from New York, and one of them, a tall lithe girl soon fascinated Jim. In little more than six weeks from their introduction to each other she was speaking of the first Mrs Landrigan's daguerrotype with the half-pitying, half affectionate triumph of one who had succeeded to her place, and the old wedding-ring that Jim had worn since he took it from her dying hands shone on Lizzie's finger. Theirs was a very decent quiet courtship. They were married in the autumn, and lived on with us till the next spring. I acted as bridesmaid, for our Cook who was to have officiated, was late. She was always late, and I had warned her that this was not an occasion when she could safely ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F2_p034.jpg) procrastinate. I washed up her dishes, and set off myself with the children for the chapel. The bride and groom had finished their confession, the church was crowded, and the hungry priest announced that the "wadding must go forrwarrd." Jim came towards me, Lizzie rose in her place with an appealing look. I asked him if a married woman would do for a bridesmaid, and when he joyfully assented I went forward to the altar with them, drew off the bride's glove, and stood beside her. The priest, a stout old Frenchman, man them a little address after the ceremony. He was a ludicrous enough figure in his tight skirt, looking as if corsets and a hoop would improve him greatly. He stood with his eyes half shut, lifting backwards and forwards on heel and toe, and touching his palms together as he spoke. But in spite of his appearance, and his ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F2_p035.jpg) odd pronunciation, he gave the newly wedded pair five minutes of excellent practical counsel. How sincerely I prayed that they might be governed by it! I knew that Lizzie would keep a bright and cheerful home for Jim, but I feared she was as heedless in money matters as he was. As we resumed our seats after retiring from the altar, Eliza came in and sat down behind us, ready at last. Poor Eliza! She had spent more than one month's wages on her bridal dress bridesmaid's dress, and had planned so pleasant a trip to Turtle Point with the bride! At first she did not realise that the ceremony was over, and her hissing whisper of startled inquiry, and the muttered growl of reply from her incensed groomsman were almost too much for my gravity. How angry she was with the priest for proceeding without her! She had fostered the engagement and ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F2_p036.jpg) felt as if it would not have taken place without her aid: Now she was deserted, and Lizzie had not only proceeded with the marriage but seemed to expect her to tender an apology instead of being penitent herself. Her looks were very tearful when I parted from the wedding guests at the church door, but I thought she would forget her grief during her week's holiday. But next day she re-appeared in the kitchen, having been jested at until her patience gave way. Her own special cavalier, too, another ex-Bucktail, had devoted himself to a younger and fairer damsel, and she left the party in a rage. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F2_p036a.jpg) III Lizzie and Jim came back from their wedding trip looking very happy, and very respectable, and we were happy in believing him saved. It was a pleasure to see them walking to their church together, and both seemed to work with double earnestness. But not many months after it was ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F2_p037.jpg) Jim's duty to go to Smethport as Constable in Courtweek. Several of our Whiskeytown men were "presented". They had laid their plans to be revenged on Jim, whose secession to the ranks of temperance robbed them of the leader of the Irishry in Kane. They came to him in turn avowing that they bore no malice _ though he was doing them an ill turn as constable. Each offered to give him a glass of Beer _ and Jim eager to sh concede as much as he safely could — pledged each in turn. The beer soon mounted to his head, and then he forgot all his better good resolutions. Tom had business in Smethport and was in his room preparing for bed, when a scuffling noise of brawling men uprose. Hasty feet paused at his door, and when he opened it, they shoved Jim in, and left Tom to manage him. He had been overpowered by several men, but was bent in his drunken fury on killing one in par- ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F2_p038.jpg) -ticular. Tom had put the key of the door in his pocket and Jim resolved to jump out of the window. Failing in this first effort he affected to be overpowered by sleep . When he thought Tom was safely asleep he stole to his side to get the door-key from his clothes. Tom sprang up and then Jim said he must go, he would go, and made for the window. My husband clutched him. Jim shook him off or tried to do so, for Tom's hands are strong delicate as he looks. There was a struggle, Jim trying to subdue his own fury, praying Tom to let him throw himself out of the window, crying "Oh my brother, my father, my dear General do let go, I must hurt you, I can't help myself any longer." I don't know how Tom contrived to subdue Jim, I sicken to think of the danger he was in alone with a maniac. In the morning Tom saw him ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F2_p038a.jpg) safely out of Smethport on his road home. But his enemies would not let him go so easily. The following day I went up to the station. Our Postmaster and J. P. had returned by that train from Smethport, and brought me word that Tom was delayed. "But Jim came on the train," he said, whispering to me that the children might not hear him, "he is in an awful way, and those Whiskey town fellows have taken him into the bush. He'll not come home till he's over it, so you need not be scared." Poor, poor Lizzie! I said nothing to her about it, and when Jim slunk home two days afterwards she coaxed him to bed, seemed to believe in the respectability of his headache and treated him with kindness. When he was sober he felt as if he had degraded himself beyond hope of pardon repentance, but Tom pointed out that ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F2_p039.jpg) as his year had expired he had not actually broken his pledge. He renewed his vow and all went well again. When the time came that they must have a nest of their own, Tom placed them in the log-house which we had used as school and church before the neat new building was erected. Picture of the log-house. Here Lizzie arranged with pride her curtains, and displayed her patchwork quilt and the other housewifely treasures she had accumulated. With what delight she showed the children her six hens and their stately cock, her two little pigs in their pen, her cow, her dog and her cat. But before her baby came, Jim had brought a brother to board with them, a dissipated scamp who was a bad companion for him. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F2_p040.jpg) While the pale mother was still lying in her bed, he coaxed Jim out to the cheerful evening lights of Whiskey -town. I heard with pain that he was drinking again. One Sunday in summer I resolved to go to the house and see whether Lizzie would break through the proud reserve she had maintained, and relieve her heart by speaking to me of her trouble. I came at an opportune time. She was sitting with her baby at her breast and her tears were falling so freely on its little face that she could not pretend to conceal them. She said she had "nothing against Jim. He was, oh so good to her, and so fond of the baby. He would always be satisfied at home if it weren't for Dave. Dave led him astray." I promised to help her, and praised the neat home she made so pleasant for her wayward spouse. When I told Tom of my visit he sent ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F2_p041.jpg) for Dave, and though I don't know how he managed it, I had the satisfaction of seeing him depart for the Far West. Tom took Jim with him on a three days march through the woods to the Forest County end of our Big Level Road. The poor sinner made a desperate struggle and rose tottering to his feet again. But Tom thought it was best for him not to return to the same work and the same set of compan- -ions that he had been with. He was thoroughly honest as regarded his duty to his employer, and therefore Tom placed him in a post of responsibility knowing that while occupying it he could be trusted to keep himself at his highest state of efficiency. He was ordered to take a gang of men, and construct a portion of the new road to Wilcox. From our garden we could hear the axes ring, the crash of falling trees, and the voices of the drivers ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F2_p042.jpg) calling to the oxen. Jim was an excellent "boss". His tall figure moved up and down among the men with the expression of conscious power, while he now and again lent his hand to some task requiring a greater skill than they possessed. The pioneer has a lore in which the best suburban farmer is deficient. The Swedes accused Jim of nepotism, but the charge though true literally was substantially incorrect. His young kinsmen were trained axemen and roadmakers from their childhood, and possessed a share of Landri- -gan brawn and muscle such as none of the well-in- tentioned half-fed Swedes could show. That among equally good workmen he should select his own flesh and blood is only to admit that he was human and Irish. The process of cutting a road through the forest gives the lover of scenery unexpected pleasure. I think that there are few prettier pictures than one ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F2_p043.jpg) sees in standing at the top of a gentle hill, and looking down the vista of the newly opened road with the group of stalwart men, red and blue shirted, displaying their utmost strength and activity as they hew the giant trees that close the forest depths from your further view. A little nearer you the patient oxen are drawing the fallen trees aside, and a curling thread of smoke makes a slight haze that softens the outlines of the tree trunks. It is with no view to the scene painter's pleasure that the effect has been produced, the smoke ascends to keep off the "punkies" that beset the men as they work, or take their "nooning" beside the clear streamlet, at the foot of the descent. I am recalling I find, a particular hill slope on the Wilcox Road. It leads down through a hem- -lock grove to the stream, and there is comparatively little underbrush to intercept the view left or right. A natural meadow green with leeks in the spring time borders the stream under the trees. They say that the ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F2_p044.jpg) reason you can see so far between the trunks is that the old Kittaning Camp Ground is hard by. In old times the Indian trail to Kittaning was followed across our mountain by the settlers desiring to reach Ohio. Here they tar- -ried over the season after the winter track was spoiled and before the rafting season began, and they cut down the full grown trees around the camp while their cattle browsed upon the the tender growth. Since they have ceased to traverse these hills, the deer, attracted by the grass that sprung up freely where the sunlight had been admitted, have pastured along the stream and kept the undergrowth in check. Before Landrigan bridged the stream there came to our house one day a sorely bewildered Indian. He said in his broken English that our friend "Little Pig" had recom- mended him to our kind offices. "Little Pig" or Jim Jacobs was a grandson of that "Captain Jacobs" who, like one of the heroes in an old Icelandic Saga that I have read of, suffered himself to be stifled with his family under his burning roof, rather than take quarter. This was at the great fight ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F2_p045.jpg) with Armstrong's Pennsylvanians at Kittaning in 1756. But his grandson is a half-breed, being also a descendant of that Mary Jenuson called the "White Woman of the Genessee" who was captured by the Indians in childhood, and refused to leave her dusky spouse when she grew up and the whites prevailed over the land. Jem Jacobs often visited us when he was hunting, though his was "cupboard love". He had now sent his younger brother "Saw Log" bidding him fol- -low such and such streams from the Cattaraugus Reser vation until he should reach Nun-dah-deh (the Big House on the Hill) where he was to pay his respects to my husband ere he went Southward. But Sawlog had thought himself wiser in his generation than the sage Little Pig. He had "trusted to the delusions of Science falsely so called", he now thought. The N.Y. & Erie RRoad runs due East and West past the Indian Reservation. Chancing to come upon the line of the Phila and Erie, and reasoning from the premises within his ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F2_p046.jpg) premises within his knowledge—he determined not to follow the sinuous windings of the streams but to trust to the straight iron road. Now the Phila & Erie in seeking its Sum- -mit curves in a horse shoe round our hill; and poor Sawlog complained bitterly that it had deceived him and caused him to lose his points of the compass. After he had dined and rested, my hus- band proffered to guide him to the place where the nearest Eastward flowing streamlet crossed our line. I joined them, and we soon reached it, and sat down on a mossy log while the Indian looked round with satisfaction. He had never been here before, but he said Little Pig had explained the streams to him, and he now knew where he was, and was prepared to plunge confidently into the pathless thickets, following the stream. So pleased was he that he even spoke to me, although with marked condescension. Why Tom, a noted warrior, should choose to go about ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F2_p047.jpg) with a squaw whose back was unburdened and her hands empty, was a puzzle to him. But travellers see strange sights, and in his brother Little-Pig's friend he condoned the weakness. When he was rested he bade us a cheerful farewell, and we determined to keep the spot sacred in its romantic solitude in memory of the last Indian hunter, who, we thought would visit us. But the exigencies of civilisation doomed the Brook of the Indian's Rest to become an ordinary "run". Jem's solid plank-bridge crossed the stream, and his gang ruthlessly squared its banks, destroying the miniature loveliness of its mossy capes, and fern-decked islets. And the Indians came so often afterwards and were such unromantic "thiggers and sormers" that I should have grown ashamed of the sentimental name I gave the brook, so I did not grieve when it became simply one of the "waters of Owl Creek". ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F2_p048.jpg) When Jim had finished this piece of work Tom de- termined to put him on a farm out of the reach of temptation. There were two abandoned clearings on Howard Hill whose squatter tenants had been bought out. The hay was worth cutting, and Jem with Charley Mul- -vany- another Bucktail - set out, to begin hay har- -vest, and make a home for Lizzie. They proceeded with great energy to tear down the hut that stood upon the land already. Then they paused, felt-that for the first time they were their own masters, decreed "We have had enough of action, and of motion we," and determined to live " on the hills like Gods to- gether, careless of mankind." It was a forlorn pair who came back penni- less to Kane, "preferring to work by the day" they said to Tom and to Lizzie. They had cut the hay, they affirmed, but could only put foolish hands into empty pockets where ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F2_p049.jpg) asked for the proceeds of their labour. How they could have attended to their farms at all it would have been hard to explain, for they had spent the two and a half months of their absence hunting in the woods, enjoying the undisturbed solitude, though not exactly as Tom meant they should. After coming back, poor Jem relapsed again. Tom's efforts only make him ashamed to show himself near us. Day after day I hear of poor Lizzie stealing off in the twilight to guide him home through the snow drifts. Every one has a pitying word for her, but I feel as if my presence at the wedding gave me a responsibility towards her. The wasted arms and white face of the baby appeal against the father whose conduct within Lizzie's life. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F2_p049a.jpg) To ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F2_p050.jpg) I muse over the sanctity of the marriage tie. Good books praise women who cling to drunkards through their downward course, bearing children and seeing them die one after another choking back their sorrow "because it is God's will to take them to him- -self. And they might have inherited drunkenness." Is it God's will? Ought not the mother to feel the child who draws its life from her the posssessor of a nearer claim than any other? When that baby dies this coming summer Lizzie will say the heat killed it, and she and I will know that Jim murdered it as certainly as if he had beaten it to death. If the husband destroys the happiness of the Landrigan family, another Bucktail home in Kane is afflicted by a shrew, "the cursedst Kate in Christendom." It was late in the autumn of 1865, when ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F2_p051.jpg) Tom received a letter from Sergeant Dick Looker. He was just discharged from Hospital. He wrote to ask for any sort of work a partially crippled man could do. We felt bound to give him any work we could find, for we knew from Tom's own experience how little Political Economy cares for Patriotism. "Supply and demand, supply and demand, my dear Sir. Yonder brawny Irishman can do the work twice as well you may take the place at half the wages or else make room for a better man." Or "Lost money while at the wars? That doesn't give you a commercial education. Young jobling will need no preliminary training, he is fresh from the Commercial College. The best man gets the place." Such are the daily rebuffs with which crippled ones of the world meet is the world. Tom sent him word to come, he would try ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F2_p052.jpg) to find him something he could do. Dick was a Londoner, the son of a jeweller "in 'Ackney". His stepmother oppressed him, he ran away from home and made his way to America. Here he grew up, English in nothing save his unmis- takable Cockney accent. Tom told me a little anecdote of Dick that prepossessed me in his favor. There was a time when our brethren of the South decreed that any of the officers of Pope's com mand who fell into their hands should not receive the treatment accorded prisoners of war. It was under- stood that an example would be made of a number who had been captured at Catlett's Station August 25th, 1862 And on an appointed day an adjutant Genl. of Stuart's command assembling some three or four hundred officers and men gave the command. "United States officers to the front!" ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F2_p053.jpg) No one obeyed the order; on the contrary, uniform coats had for some time been at a discount in the band of cap- tives. The officer reiterating his command, and no one responding, shame seized the patriotic heart of Looker, and in all the dignity of his Corporalship he stepped forward, exclaiming "I am one of Pope's officers. Do your worst with me. Boys, avenge my death!" The Southern soldiers shrieked with laughter as he held out his arm ornamented with its Corporal's stripes. According to the camp story, "Stonewall" Jackson himself rode up shortly after and hearing that there were some Bucktails among the captives ordered them to be singled out, and to have horses given them to ride as the prisoners procession moved off towards Richmond. "They were soldiers he respected," he said. Poor Dickon held up his head very ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F2_p054.jpg) proudly after this compliment, but after he was exchanged and returned to his regiment, his com- rades who disliked his self-conceit, and overlooked the bravery of his speech teased him unmercifully calling him "Pope's hofficer" until he quivered with rage. When he came to us Tom tried to make him night-watchman at the Mill, but he was too feeble to bear the loss of sleep. Then he gave him the duty of wheeling saw- dust from the sawpit to the furnace, arranging a strap over his shoulders to save him the necessity of using his maimed arm. He was ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F2_p055.jpg) 455 was also to "police" the Mill Yard, that is to see that there was no danger of fire, no tools left about, no wanton waste of property. But one afternoon he came to say "Its all up, General. I won't take your wages when I can't work. I must go. I've got my pension and perhaps I can get that man who borrowed my savings to let me have something. But my arm has kept me awake this fortnight. I can't lift, nor yet work any other way. So I'm going." Tom and I were just on our way to the village, and it was Christmas Eve. The poor fellow looked so sorrowful a figure standing there with his dangling arm, that I spoke up hastily before Tom could answer. "Sergeant, you can't go Christmas Eve. Go intoto the kitchen fire till we come back, and take your Christmas dinner here tomorrow. Next day ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F2_p056.jpg) the General can receive your resignation." He liked the word, poor boy, and brightened up. He thought we appreciated that he had tried to make a magnan- -imous self-sacrifice. While we walked, we discussed what we could do for Dick, and he was easily persuaded to agree . He first went to Dr Freeman, who found that the leather jacket which was laced round his arm to brace the flesh where three inches of the bone was gone, had been twisted out of place. The Doctor sent him back to us in a week quite a different man. Then we took him to live in the house that he might be well fed, and kept him busy with such light tasks as he could well do. As he was anxious to improve himself I taught him to keep accounts, and for some time he was a happy man. When I recall the work he did ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F2_p057.jpg) I am afraid that Dick's natural probity and suspiciousness mingled led him from being a sort of Inspector of wor the other hands into becoming somewhat of a spy. In the spring I received a new cook, a highly recommended widow. Eliza whose friend she was vouched for her piety and good conduct. She was a dark, thin woman, low voiced, and rather prepossessing in her appearance. It was some months before she showed herself the termagant she was. Then she and Eliza used to fight in the kitchen till I was quite miserable. The little parlor adjoined it, and when Tom would be away as he often had to be I could not help hearing them through the partition. I had not moral courage enough to speak to the combatants, and quaked in silence. In one such encounter Eliza twitted Hannah with "taking up with a cross cripple". ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F2_p058.jpg) This alliterative abuse certainly referred to Dick, and Hannah's attentions were pointed. I never went into the kitchen now to give my orders at night without finding Hannah's chair as close to Dick's as it could be drawn, or Hannah's eager eyes gleaming over his shoulder as he worked. Tom remonstrated with him upon his folly in allowing himself to be entrapped by her. He protested that she was only disgusting to him, and I think it was true. At any rate she was shrewd enough to change her plan of attack. Now She began to condole with him upon the menial service to which he stooped, and to insinuate to him that a man who could keep accounts should not be found in our kitchen. She succeeded in working upon Dick's covetousness until he believed that Tom wronged him of the money he could earn elsewhere and that he could make more in a shop. Then she dilated upon the house she owned, and the house- -hold stuff, and in the end he married her. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F2_p059.jpg) 59 At first his shop did well and he was proud of the house and the business. But he made enemies in every direction. He tried to undersell the other store- -keepers, pointing out that they made twenty per cent profit. Having made them lower their prices he soon began to raise his own, and of course they retorted upon him in turn. His customers were dishonest, I daresay, but he gained nothing by showing his suspicions. And then, he imagined every one with whom he had dealings was in a deep-laid plot to wrong him, and he spent his days in thinking over how he could "fire" them. I remember one Sunday Tom and I were strolling along the RR. when we suddenly came upon Dick. We knew him at a distance by his swinging arm, and Tim hailed him to say some kindly words. Dick seemed confused and explained that he was going to Hays' to buy potatoes because this or that man was bent on underselling him. He went ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F2_p060.jpg) on his way, and we soon saw a tiny shread of smoke begin to ascend from Hays' chimney. I asked Tom jestingly whether he thought Hays was condoling with Dick on his being married, or Dick with him upon being jilted. But the worthies were differently occupied. A week after my father sent me a letter, written by Dick for Hays in which he peremptorily demanded a deed for his place, and accused him of dilatoriness. This was Dick all over. Hays had bought a place from the Company, and paid for it, and there was Considerable delay in forwarding his Deed to him. Instead of calling Tom's attention to it, as Agent, Dick had undoubtedly counselled Hays "to let him alone. He'd work them! He knew the man to write to." Dick had carried my letters to the Post Office long enough to be aware that I wrote every week to my father, and fancied that he must be secretly President of the Company. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F2_p061.jpg) 61 Tom laughed at him good humoredly, but Dick still thought "there was virtue in't", for Tom having previously written to remonstrate about the delay, the Deed arrived as if in answer to Dick's application. Hannah's cat-like softness to Dick soon vanished, and she literally showed her claws. I have seen his countenance decorated with long red scratches, the favors of his Lady. She brought her hungry red-haired boys up from Chester County, bad boys they were too, and she and they squabbled with Dick all day. Dick and she became bywords in the village and indeed were mutually bound over to keep the peace by Squire Leonard. All poor Dick earned while with us is gone. Hannah having made a private purse for herself, notified his creditors that he was going to fail. They came upon him, but finding that he was really honest set him to sell his goods as their agent. Some sort of reconciliation was patched ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F2_p062.jpg) up between him and Hannah, and he still stays in his store, watching for the occasion when he can obtain evidence enought against her for a divorce. Old as she is she is unchaste in her life—at least he says so, and he ought to know. How this he is, his cheeks hollowed even more than when he came to us a poor hopeless cripple! But then he held his head erect, and now he is ashamed; and wretched. 28th April 1872 During our great fire in the woods, Richard Looker took advantage of the confusion to run away leaving the tavern and wife and boys and a large number of debts behind him. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F2_p063.jpg) It was a sign that we were settling up when a political organisation was formed. And soon there were two. We have or had a Henian circle, and a Union League, and there was a Democratic club too. Of course Tom belonged to none of these secret societies. But he was interested in the "town" meeting and amused me by his sincere gratification in the result of one of them. I think I have a copy of the proceedings by me _ a printed one I mean. For I copied fair from his rough notes all the impromptu speeches that were to be made by Evans and Meese, Barnes and Jones. Tom honestly believes that Vox Populi is Vox Dei, but when he is king of the County and the popular voice clamors as his finger points. He thinks he is a Radical and Democrat _ and I think he is a Democrat just as advanced spirits of the French noblesse were Democrats ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F2_p064.jpg) in the days of Louis Seize. He is with the populace as a guiding spirit, but and associates with them as a noble might, secure in his own position. But he would not like Elisha to marry little Mary Landrigan any more than I would, nor would he have our children feel a genuine equality with our fellow-citizen's children. Howard Evans has a good education, and has a natural lazy gentlemanliness of manner, and a handsome refined face. Yet I am sure Tom would hardly endure to have him associate with our boys! I am amused to find that our little town of ninety houses has two or three distinct circles of society. The wives of the freight agent, postmaster and store- -keepers hold themselves quite above those of the engineers and brakesmen, while these again are divided by their residences into the classes of dwellers in frame houses, dwellers in log-cabins and dwellers in Whiskey- -town. I may not be so accurate in my ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F2_p065.jpg) classification as I should be did I live more the village and its gossip. I suppose "distinctions must be kept up" among our American citizens with quite as much reason as among the lords and commoners of transatlantic countries. When Kane attained such dignity that the huts behind the Round House, and the houses in the Mill Hollow began to be con- -nected by others distinctly dotting out the line of Fraley Street, my husband thought it time to lead settlement on to Chase Street. To my surprise all who applied for lots preferred to perch on the windy ridge of Fraley Street, to building on the larger lots of Chase Street. Yet Chase Street adjoined a large spring, and was sheltered from the wind and from the engine smoke and noises of the station. Tom took it philosophica quietly, assuring me that the first human sheep who came over the ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F2_p066.jpg) ridge would be followed by the flock. Chase Street is filling up fast enough now, but that first sheep who led the way went beyond it, quite down into the hollow that falls to is drained by the headspring of Kenzua. It was denominated on the map Street, and his lot was the second from the corner of Street. But on the ground it was as pretty a little spot of wildness as one could wish to see. Miller the swindling RailRoad jobber contractor for ties had made a clearing close by in removing the trees, and the underbrush that was left was low. Hubbard planted his house be- side this clearing, but sheltered by the trees that fringed the brook. From the doorway you saw a cheerful prospect over the clearing and up the slope crowned by the houses of the village. The Hubbards were people of respectability — well educated for their apparent station. They came from Canada, and from their silence about the father our Yankees decided that he He brought his mother, sister and young brother as well as his wife, baby and adopted child to live with ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F2_p067.jpg) him down there, so that they did not feel the loneliness was not felt as it would have been had his wife been there alone during the long days. He was an engine - driver, and his duties kept him absent from home from seven in the morning till ten at night. But he rose very early and began making a garden round his house, and boasted that no house in Kane possessed such advantages of situation as his. "He didn't feel the loneliness, not he. It wasn't like it might be in England where one would be apt to fancy the spot haunted by the ghost of some former inhabitant," he said. Poor fellow, he little fancied that his was to be the goblin ghost to keep others back from building near him. People don't like to go down into the hollow now, for fear he should be haunting the place he loved. His widow lives in Fraley Street now, and has married a young fellow, her junior by several years. If I were ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F2_p068.jpg) Hubbard I'd walk there instead of haunting the little cabin where his old bedridden mother still wails his loss. She says she had a presenti- -ment of his death, or at least a forewarning which should be quite as valuable as a presentiment. Inasmuch as she had daily feared that he would be killed on his train, and lamented it aloud—much to the increase of his cheerfulness it must have been!—and on this particular day had neither feared nor fretted, she claims that it was a warning. Why Nature or Fate or whatever Demon or Deity presides over Premonitions should be so unfortunately liable to unable to make itself understood at the right time she does not pretend to say. But she feels as if she were to blame, and receives a certain comfort from the idea that she still has a participation in the world's work, and is not simply a helpless, old fretful burden ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F2_p069.jpg) on her children. It was about noonday when an engine stopped at our hill. Tom was out overseeing his men, and came in to tell me that the engine was sent to carry him to the village. Poor Hubbard was fatally burned. His engine had been attached to a long train of oil-cars. On the descending grade the brakes slipped on the icy rails, and the train ran down at fearful speed. He could not check it, and he and his firanisman had to wait the end in helpless terror. Past Sergeant Siding, the Water Tank and Wilcox it flew, still keeping the track. He began to hope that it would stop of itself on the long stretch near Bridgetown. But [--] something struck it: he did not know where. He only knew that the cars swayed over down an embankment, the engine fell on them, and the fire from its grate ignited the oil in the barrels ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F2_p070.jpg) The brakesman was happy in being instantly killed, but poor Hubbard was held down by the engine. He lay under it and was partially shielded by it. But he was shockingly burned so that his flesh was almost like the crackling. of a fug. He lay there for nearly two hours, n conscious of his situation. When help arrived, and he was taken home, they had to carry him on a stretcher from the station to his house. Tom was beside him, and he said with a sad little flicker of a smile "General, this is the first time I ever thought my house too far away." When Tom had enveloped him in cotton and oil he professed to be more comfortable, but he said "I did hope it was all a nightmare, and that I'd wake up, until I saw the General's face. That made one feel it was true." Tom left him at nightfall, and ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F2_p071.jpg) bade me only pray for his speedy death. He left young Hogarth the apothecary to tend him, for he himself was quite exhausted. About nine at night pain ceased, and he sent for his family to draw near. He said "Now I am going to live. I want you all to know how dreadful what I went through was, so that you may all thank God that I am spared. And the worst of all was that I though I must leave you helpless." Then he told them his story in a clear voice, Hogarth not interfering for he knew that it was not worth while. <"I have called it a nightmare, he said, but it is impossible to imagine a nightmare so hideous. Being kept down" so that I couldn't move, and seeing the flames draw towards me so slowly> Now go and pray," he ended, "I feel that I can sleep." Hogarth laid him down tenderly, and then went into the adjoining room to tell the family the truth. The sobs of the wife and sister, and the weak quavering cry of the old mother did not break his rest. He had died as Hogarth laid him down. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F2_p072.jpg) Of course Tom stood ready to befriend the survivors since nothing remained to be done for Hubbard. He promised to give the young widow the piece of land on which the house stood, and took the you remaining son into his employ in a the mill. Unfortunately William Hubbard was careless enough to put his hand upon the rip-saw he had to tend, while it was in motion. He had only been at work a few months when this new mis- -fortune overtook the unhappy people. The Hubbards sent for a doctor from Warren. He said the hand must come off but advised their "getting General Kane to see it", and so pocketing his fee, departed. I accompanied my husband when he went to make his visit, supposing that I might be useful. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F2_p073.jpg) We found two men already there who had come over to tender their services as nurses with the kindly fellow- ship so common among our American people. My husband went upstairs, and after looking at the hand decided to try to save it. Hubbard had two important circumstances in his favor: he had led a temperate life, and wounds heal with readiness in our pure air. If the poor fellow lost his right-hand what would become of his helpless mother! The hand was curiously mangled. The saw had torn out the metacarpal basse of the thumb and all the cushioning muscles of the ball while a long jagged wound across the palm terminated in a gap whence the pisiform bone had been dragged. Tom did not hope to restore the power of the thumb, but he thought the fingers might re- cover their usefulness, and the thumb gain about as much strength as the tongue has. This would be incomparably better than having a stump at the wrist. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F2_p074.jpg) I sat below making bandages out of some old [--] muslin, and teaching Mary Hubbard the sister to prepare lint. Presently Tom called me to assist him. Du I went up the tottering stairs, which were guiltless of a handrail, wondering how they contrived to get the patient carried up, they were so steep and narrow. But I was soon too busily engaged to think of anything but the hand. After a time Will Hubbard muttered uneasily "What ails Mother", and Tom signed to me to go and see. We had been aware of a low weeping near us, and I easily traced the sound. I had never been in such a fragile tenement before. It was destitute of any building material thicker than a board, and had no doors. When I came upstairs and my unpractised foot shook the floor beneath my tread. I felt as if I were in a cottage on the stage whose pasteboard structure might give way at any moment. Poor Hubbards' groans seemed incongruously real ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F2_p075.jpg) As I looked round the house now, I was reminded of the houses children build of cards, where the projecting edge of the of clubs almost meeting that of the ace of spades forms a doorway, while another couple of cards leaned against each other constitute the walls of a room. I stood on a tiny landing from which the stairs fell with precipitation. Opposite me was a window, the casings of which projected inwards to meet the wall which was not there. Two or three openings in the board partitions indicated as many rooms. I followed the sobbing sound into one and found the old woman kneeling, trying to bury her head in the bed-clothes. She was not trying as I at first fancied to stifle the so[-] noise she made lest it should disturb Will, but to save her own ears the hearing of his groans. She thought we were about to cut his hand off, and seemed to feel less thankful that there possibility of saving it than ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F2_p076.jpg) reluctant to endure uncertainty. that we ordered her feelings to the trial of distressed at the uncertainty she must feel for the next few days. When I explained that she and Mary must come in to see the final ban- daging, and learn the treatment to be carried out, they both refused. It was only when I promised to come every day at the time the wound was to be examined so that they need not see it, that they were induced to come into the room and see the bandaged limb. Tom had it arranged in an inclined trough which projected beyond the bed. An improvised syphon of "towel" conducted a dro water a drop at a time upon the bandages from a pail swung from a knot-hole in the board rafters. The waste water fell into another pail. I remember that this struck me as a novelty. How often we have had to do it since! Every day Tom and I trudged over through the deep snow. Something ailed the carriage horses, and the condition of Tom's wound pre- -vented his riding Clarion. Many a time When ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F2_p077.jpg) I saw him, perfectly exhausted with climbing the long hill, lie down in the snow to rest, as wan and pale as the patient he left, I many a time scolded and begging with tears that he would make the Hubbards send for the Warren doctor, and let them him manage the case as well as he could. But Tom always said "No No Bess, I'll put it through somehow. You'l know Stranahan would take it off as soon as he was called in. I really think I shall save it. And then he would toil wearily on again. The Hubbards were entirely destitute. I don't think there was a single day's provisions in the house. Everything the sick man ate, I carried from our kitchen. I was often provoked to find that little special delicacies I provided for him such as pre- -serves from our very slender store or tea and fine white sugar, the mother and sister devoured "because the Will didn't feel like eating that day." They were the most disagreeable poor ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F2_p078.jpg) people I had anything to do with that whole winter Wish an Irish hovel, and their reception of you puts you in good humour with yourself. It may be flattery, but it is inspired by the tact of the heart. Go to see an American, or Scotch-Irish invalid, and you are received as a comrade who rendering a service which he is able and willing to return ate, and is therefore not degraded by accepting. But these people took greedily all you gave and asked for more, at the same time that they showed their envy of your apparent wealth Heaven knows we were poor enough at the time, but we could not tell them so! I ought not to com- -plain of their manner to me however, for they treated Providence in the same way, swallowing all God's benefits and ever complaining that their situation was more wretched than others peoples. They fancied themselves religious because they were whining out petitions at His feet, and ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F2_p079.jpg) weeping plentifully. I was struck by the kindness people showed them. men giving up their night's rest after a hard day's work to sit up with the invalid, anothers chopping a week's supply of wood, six women coming over to help with the work when they had saved an hour from their own toil. But I never heard the Hubbards utter a grateful word. Tom saved Will Hubbard's hand, but he only murmurs that Providence should have rendered it able to be of little use. As he had received a tolerable education we tried to inspire him with the idea of passing away the tedium of convalescence in study, so that he might receive a first class certificate and become a school-teacher. But he soon abandoned the idea, preferring to receive charity for a time, and then to become a "book-agent". Now a book-agent is to me what the Scotch call "a sturdy beggar," and Hubbard's ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F2_p080.jpg) face became odious to me before he dropped the vocation, and obtained a trifling post on the RRoad. It was the same thing with the sister. I could not induce her to study telegraphing, or to teach. No, she considered these unpleasant and unfeminine occupations. She and Ma would rather sew or wash. I drummed asked every one I could think of to give them sewing and washing, and obtained them customers enough. They drove them away by their exorbitant prices. Then they came upon me. Everything I gave them to sew they spoiled unless I cut it out and basted exactly the seams, not of one, but of every article of a set. I would have preferred infinitely to take my own time to make the articles, and to pay them the money instead of being disturbed in my own daily occu- -pations to prepare sewing for them. Tom bade me respect the dignity that ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F2_p081.jpg) forbade their accepting money (except in the form of exorbitant pay for their work) and I tried to do so. But that dignity of theirs was a curious feeling. My sisters and I often interchange garments of our children which they have outgrown, and think it no degradation of our dignity that Harry Kane should wears Lottie[-] Shields' dress or Helen Shields, Willie Kane's frocks. But, happening to notice that the old woman was so thinly clad as to be suffering from the cold even in the house, I sent up a bundle of Mother's clothes which she had left for her own use the next summer. They were portions of a widow's dress, and all suitable for a lady's wearing. Next day came a bundle back. All the newest pieces of attire were gone, but those that were most worn were returned with the message "Ma thinks Mrs Kane must have made a mistake ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F2_p082.jpg) in sending old clothes to her as if she was a beggar!" I have seen little of the Hubbards lately. They had a controversy with Simon's widow, and resented my attending her when she was very sick, as a taking of her side in the quarrel. The postmaster had asked me to call at his house and see her, as his wife dreaded lest her reason should give way. The Hubbards were "circulating a paper against her", and good prim little Mrs Leonard had taken her to her own home to show that she "did not believe it". Nor did I believe that there was any foundation for the accusation of light minded behaviour. Mrs Hubbard was in wretched health and the calumny nearly caused her death. Her cure was perhaps one that did my physical and moral treatment credit. Yet I would rather she had languished a little longer, for she was hardly strong again before she married. She was young and pretty, and my reason told me ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F2_p083.jpg) that it was best and safest for her to marry, but I was a little provoked with her for Simon's sake. My latest intercourse with old Mrs Hubbard was a month ago, when she sent to say that she had a toothache and wished me to visit her. I have a bottle of Creosote upon which all the odontalgic sufferers in the neighborhood rely. I put it in my pocket and started, but as I found the road too bad for the sleigh and was myself afflicted with neuralgia, I was glad to meet Will Hubbard. I entrusted the whole bottle to him, letting him how to apply the Creosote, and he promised to send it back after using the necessary quantity. A couple of weeks after a man chancing to come to me for Creosote reminded me that the bottle had not been restored. I sent for it, but the old lady declined to return it on the ground that "it was a great comfort to her, and it was more mean than she could think me to be to ask for it." ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F2_p084.jpg) William Hubbard heard the remonstrances of the other claimant, and obliged her to send it back but not before she had emptied half of it into a bottle of her own. Very different is the conduct of some other patients. One woman stole up under cover of night last week to tell me that her husband, a Whiskeytowner, owed it to the General's goodness to him in sickness to let him know there were parties stealing his timber. Another sends back his medicine bottle full of an evil smell- -ing compound which he avers to be the "sovereignist thing on earth" for a fever. A poor old woman who could talk no English took me in her arms and patted me, uttering a caressing murmur. I have not yet spoken of our Swedish settlers, and may appropriately do so now. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F2_p085.jpg) V My husband had great difficulty in securing the first Swedes as permanent residents, but once settled their number has increased steadily. Each man is desirous of bringing over some brother or cousin, and they send back money to pay their relatives' passage out with the same liberality that the Irish display. People consider it an im- portant step for the County that my husband should have succeeded in establishing a colony of these people. They come from a cold country, are hard- -working, strong and temperate. They are Protest- ants and as certainly vote the Republican ticket as the Irish and German Catholics do the Democratic. In Chatauqua County New York and Warren County Pennsylvania there are thriving settlements of Swedes, and Tom is planning roads to open the ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F2_p086.jpg) forest between us and them. I wish I could spare time to dwell more upon these people but they are not of those who first faced the wilderness with us. Our old friends the Glats rejoice in being in the midst of about forty farms. All through this winter, sleds loaded with cordwood for the RailRoad have been coming in long procession from these farms of the Nye Sverria (New Sweden) settlement. Day by day the forest recedes, and the cleared fields increase. Even the envious dwellers in the old settlements, who come out to seek the Kane market with their sleigh loads of "garden stuff", potatoes, honey and meat admit that the settlement is fairly started. But before our fellow citizens admitted it, the animal and vegetable kingdoms gave token that civilisation had begun its work here. The first summer we came I remember the children's delight when the presence of a ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F2_p087.jpg) -briar we had brought from Upland was acknow- -ledged by a brilliant humming-bird. We could not tell from what distant settlement he and his mate came, but they visited us daily for quite a long time. As soon as we had a garden spot cleared other birds who love the haunts of men contrived to find it out. Robins and orioles, blue-birds king-birds and cardinal grosbeaks built these; but that first summer we saw the last of the golden flickers. Once they had been so noticeable among the trees that Tom proposed calling this place "Flickerwood". The name would be meaningless now. But on the other hand some very wild birds treat us with familiarity. Influenced by an enlightened self-interest the Blue Jays have forgotten their shyness altogether. All winter long they have been chattering around the house. They are tame enough to fly down ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F2_p088.jpg) the moment Elisha scatters his grain, and dispute possession with the fowls. Indeed we often have to inter- -fere, or the pigeons would have nothing. The meek and blameless doves are larger than the jays, but the gaily clad "cristati" drive them off as easily as the Celtic marauders used to dispose the Lowland militia To be sure the jays have concert of action in their fa -vor, and the good stupid pigeons have no idea of "tactics". Somet The jays often light on a sweet briar spray close to the school room window, and sometimes even peck at the glass chattering as they do so. Elisha maintains that it is to implore him to come out and feed them. Whether it is so or not the little boy has given them to eat so freely that they no longer feel the necessity of earning their living, and are at leisure to cultivate their accomplishments. These consist in singing various tunes, mocking domestic birds, scolding, swearing with emphasis and volubility—and an exercise which ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F2_p089.jpg) they seem to have specially invented for the amuse- -ment of their entertainersents. Close to the house, placed there for the protection of its inhabitants from the prowlers of the forest—whose evil eyes still watch us —stands our Chickenry. It has a stockade of palings sixteen feet high, the palings only two inches apart. The spot is the jays' favorite gymnasium. From the house roof, thirty feet above, they fly downward at full speed to the chickenry, as if they would dash themselves to death against the paling. But without apparent pause they close their wings and passing through the narrow aperture resume their flight to the ground. Over and over and over again, they practise the feat; by the hour together. These winter visitors succeed the little cherry- -birds which amused our summer guests. One gentleman passed three mornings betting with his wife upon the accuracy with which they caught their prey. He called ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F2_p090.jpg) me one day to see the birds - for I am generally too busy indoors to make observations in Natural History. One at a time gray moths flew upward from a grassy border that lay in sunshine, ascending as I once saw the tiny puffs of smoke rise above the wooded heights on the Virginia shore one day when there was a skirmish going on across the Potomac near Tenallytown. As the moths reached a certain elevation, a cherry-bird shot out from the branches of a tree, and made a curving flight swift and true as the motion of a swing, catching the moth at the bottom of the curve, and lighting on another tree about twenty yards off. I suppose there were a dozen birds and it really seemed as if they were conscious of our applause and pleased by it. They They swooped as far as we could see, each in his turn. As we never fed the "Bombycilla Caro- -linensis" I suppose it sought us disinterestedly for ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F2_p091.jpg) the sake of our society. But I wonder what possessed the moths to keep on ascending! One would think they might have noticed the fate of their comrades, and have tried to avoid a similar one. Up here on Lone Mountain I often long for the water views I loved in childhood. But besides the great flights of wild geese and pigeons, a solitary migrant halts now and then to rest beside our brooks, and brings with him reminders of the great Lakes of Canada, or of the farther Arctic seas. "Faint shadows, vapors lightly curled, "Faint-murmurs from the meadows come, "Like hints and echoes of the world "To spirits folded in the womb." How well I remember the dismal autumn day, the cold wind blowing down the last leaves when I walked with Tom, and saw a slender ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F2_p092.jpg) -piper sand-piper flitting before us among the little pools left by the rain in the hollows of the sandy road. Tom said he must have been blown here before the wind from Lake Erie. Then I no longer felt so closely shut in by mountain walls. I too might take my flight if I would. One day the children came to me in the wildest excitement. "Carlo had driven them as if they were cows" they said, "to see the prettiest sight in the whole world. I must come directly, for Carlo was keeping guard so that it mightn't go away." "What was it?" I asked, but they said that I should soon see. A little way from the house was a large sandstone. Part had been blasted away, and in the hollow its removal left a clear spring had made a miniature tarn. Here "It" floated—a Crested ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F2_p093.jpg) Grebe. It did not mind the children although they lay upon the rock watching it, and even ate the bread they crumbled in the water. But it kept vigi- -lant watch upon Carlo, who on his part was evi- -dently felt that he had distinguished himself. He did not rise from his crouching attitude to great me, but flapped his tail violently. Whenever he moved, the pretty Grebe turned in the crystal water, its red eyes flashing, and its sharp beak ready to defend itself. Somehow it reminded me of a garter-snake when it coils itself, and darts out its little red tongue, though certainly the graceful head of the Grebe-hen with its flame-coloured streak on either side, bore no resemblance to the dull coloured flat head of the snake. I suppose it was the vivaciously spite- -ful expression of the eye that was alike in both. It stayed all day, but flew away at night. Another day as we stood on the hill ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F2_p094.jpg) overlooking the icepond we saw two birds that looked like flakes of snow darting from the bright blue sky. They shot down to the pond, and thither the chil- -dren ran, while I followed more slowly. This time the strangers were two black and white wild ducks. They swam leisurely about the pond, but a sportsman who must have been watching them for some time, (and whom we had not noticed, for he had been motionless behind a log) fired at them. The ducks showed no alarm while the shot spattered all round them, but while when the baffled hunter reloaded his gun they rose into the air, and soared out of sight. How the children, who had been choking with anger at the would be destroyer, cheered their graceful ascent! "Oh Man!" called Willie across the stream, sha- -king his fat little fist in impotent wrath, "I would like to have Jem Landrigan here to swear at you!" ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F2_p095.jpg) When the spring came that followed our "turn" we were surprised by seeing the bare space densely covered by a brilliant green growth, wherever we had not sowed seed. It was "Fire Weed" a plant never seen in old fields. We ascertained there was none growing anywhere within ten miles of us. "It is not seeded," Cornelius said; "it starts from the mixture of charcoal and ashes." It reached a height of five or six feet, and bore an abundant crop of winged seeds, but perished with the year, no second growth succeeding the parent plant. Where it has been the ground is left indescribably shabby and threadbare-looking. Moral. Don't clear more at once than you can plant. Dog-daisies came to us in the hay from Smethport, but we are keeping them down with watchful cruelty, though the children plead to me to spare the "home-faces": they are "so tired of ferns." ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F2_p096.jpg) White clover made its appearance unsown by us, wherever grass sprung, and grass too came, unplanted. They say this is naturally a grass country. Last year a few thistles showed themselves, and this year their vivid green is peeping out every- -where under the fast thawing snow this 8th day of April We have two ponds, and the second year after they were made Tom called me to listen to the frogs. They had found us out and established themselves in force, great bull-frogs, little bull-frogs, piping frogs. Did their progenitors travel up to us from the Clarion or Allegheny? Then they brought with them perhaps the seeds of the Duckweed and water Iris and Cat-Tail; for all these, strangers were soon seen to decorate their new resorts. In 1866 the Martins came, and built in our new chimneys. We felt that our claims to a "homestead" ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F2_p097.jpg) were acknowledged by these house-loving creatures. It was Cornelius who pointed out to us the scout-pigeons and foretold that a great roost would be near us in 1865. He also first taught us that it is with the chestnut and beechmast as it is with orchard-fruit, the abundant harvest of one year is followed by one of comparative sterility. He showed us how few nuts were forming that year and bade us remark how few would strew the ground when the frosts came. When the leaves were showering down in October, Elisha called my attention to the absence of nuts, and said "Poor old Cornelius would have been saying "See child, didn't I tell you!"' Poor old Cornelius! By what time he was gone to the Happy Hunting Ground. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F2_p098.jpg) I was thankful that Tom was spared long attendance on his death bed, though the manner of his dying was sad enough. He had been ailing so much, and was yet so anxious "not to be laid aside," that we contrived a little trip to Warren for him. A lot of picks, grubbing hoes and shovels had been ordered for our road-making and Tom told him to go to the hardware store and pick them out. The journey of thirty miles by rail was an easy one, and he was pleased to imagine that his judgment could be useful. Tom bade him take his time, and therefore we were not surprised uneasy when three days passed over without his returning. On the fourth ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F2_p099.jpg) On the fourth morning we were awaked by a messenger who came to summon Tom to the Mill Boarding House. Cornelius lay there dying. We learned afterwards that on the previous morning he came sat long beside the stove in the bar-room of the tavern where he put-up in Warren. At last he slid from the chair, falling in a fit, they supposed. When he came to himself he was delirious, and the quack doctor of the place gave him a heavy dose of opium. Knowing that he lived down the RailRoad these heartless wretches put him in a cart, and carrying him to the depot laid him on some coal sacks in a freight shed till the train came. He roused himself and tried to get on board, but the Conductor supposing him drunk repulsed him. W He staggered down the track after the cars, stretching out his arms and gesticu- ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F2_p100.jpg) -lating. Thus a young man met him, who spoke to him, and he says said "Take me to General Kane, take me to the General." The young man saw that he was very ill, and helped him to the station, and made the conductor of the freight train eastward come to look at him. He knew Cornelius, and made him comfortable in the caboose, where he soon sank into heavy slumber, only starting up wildly once to ask where he was. "Going to General Kane" they said, and he lay down again passively. Some kind fellows made him a sort of stretcher of boughs, and carried him from the station here to the boarding-house. He never spoke again, and Tom thought he did not even know him. But he had often said to Tom "Me and you, General, knows what it was to get the RailRoad through, I and I never ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F2_p101.jpg) hear the whistle without being pleased." Now as he was departing the engine whistled shrilly, running round the curve by the Mill, and Tom remembered his often repeated saying. He looked at Cornelius. who He had opened his eyes and was looking at Tom with a conscious gaze. He smiled, and made a slight motion with his hand, and then half turned his head on the pillow and closed his eyes. It was his only farewell, but Tom believed he meant to remind him of what they had gone through together. We journeyed out to Farmer's Valley to attend his funeral, for Tom knew he would have been pleased to know that he would go. The sexton handed Tom the spade to throw in the first shovelful of earth upon the coffin, according to the sad but touching custom that he who stood nearest and dearest to the corpse should as it were ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F2_p102.jpg) thus signify that he relinquished his charge to the kindly earth. No one else loved Cornelius so much, for no one else had ever called out his higher qualities. A man who was jealous of Tom's friendship for Cornelius said to me, "Cornelius at Farmer's Valley, and Cornelius at Kane was two different men. Twasn't that Cornelius ever pretended to be better than he was, but he was changed after the General took hold of him. He kinder held him lifted up, and kept him to it. I guess that's why he hated to go away from Kane. His wife was mortial jealous of the General, but she'd ought to ha' known it was all for his own good." Tom's grief was deeper in reality I think than that of the weeping wife and children, who though they had eat up all night making mourning since they heard of the death, had their thoughts much occupied as to the division of what property was left by poor Cornelius. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F2_p103.jpg) VI My husband was sorely depressed by the death of Cornelius. When I coaxed him to walk with me, there was scarcely a woodland path which did not recall his old friend. The poor fellow had exulted in the pretty house rising among its trees, and had devised the laying out of the fields and roads to develope the beauties of the place. It had been the great pleasure of his listless days to saunter in the sunshine before the door, waiting till Tom should issue forth, and then to take up the thread of yesterday's dropped discourse, and bring forward some new idea that had occurred to him in connection with Tom's plans. It was natural that my husband should miss him, but I fancied that he missed him more than was natural. I feared in the secret depths of my heart, that he himself was fading away with the waning year. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F2_p104.jpg) VI Milton Coons He was suf- -fering from opthalmia, and came often to Tom for treatment. One day when Tom left the room for some article he needed, Coons raised himself up and said "Tell 'ee what Mrs. Kane, General needn't take on about poor old Dave. He's none so tough himself. I doubt he won't last the winter." My own fear! And when he went on to tell me how the people round were remarking his failing strength, I could hardly restrain myself from tears. And heavier trials than Cornelius' death lay before were coming to burden my husband. Mother had been more restless and unhappy than ever since she left us in the autumn. It was partly the effect of disease, but chiefly that she was beginning to admit the truth of a ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F2_p105.jpg) terrible fear that had long burdened Tom. It was this sorrow that afflicted her deathbed, and turning to him as was the wont of all the family in time of trouble she laid upon him the weight of a duty whose weight she hardly realised. It was on Sunday morning the 11th of February 1866 that the long hours of her pain ended, and her breathing becoming as quiet as that of a child who still sobs in his sleep over forgotten troubles, she died tranquilly—while the morning bells rang for church. She was utterly worn out with pain and sorrow: no one could wish her live. Tom had an attack of pleurisy after her death, and when he was able to be moved I took him up to our mountains. There we passed the most wretched months I ever passed. The burden his mother laid upon him was too ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F2_p106.jpg) heavy for my husband, and it was rendered heavier by one whom Heaven forgive. This unhappy person had belied my husband for years. My husband had thought it beneath him to justify himself even to me, and supposing this slander worthy of credence, even I had not done Tom full justice. He now lied so persistently and fluently as to estrange Tom's own family for nearly a year from him, and though Tom freely and fully forgave them when time undeceived them it may be imagined what his generous silence cost him. I think he would have lost his reason if he had not found it impossible to keep from me the trouble that rent his heart. And I found that he thought I was against him too, because I tried to believe it imposible that person could be so bad. I think he was crazy, even now—I cannot believe he was simply wicked. When once Tom opened his heart ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F2_p107.jpg) to me. I think I was able to help him bear his misery. And God helped him by giving many poor, helpless and sick people to his charge. It was during that sad winter that he nursed Hubbard. I used to follow him, recalling what the people said before the trouble came, and thinking that I should never trace his dear footsteps in another winter's snow. I tried not to wish him to live when he had so much trouble, and kept back my tears when he talked of Death as a release. I dared not look into the future when I might be bereft, feeling as if my confidence in my nearest friends was utterly shaken, now that [--] had so deceived us. As he used to pause for breath in climbing up the long hill from Hubbard's, Tom loved to turn and look out over the mountains and I have ever since associated with that scene the words "Fair weather cometh out of the North ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F2_p108.jpg) "With God is terrible majesty." I never realised the meaning of the dis- tich until I gazed Northward from these hills, and saw leaden clouds rolling away before the clear brightness that drew towards me on the wings of the cold wind. So I have fancied the Day of Judgment coming—appalling one with its awful light that has no vivifying warmth with it, but only deprives the hills of colour and shows them sombre and leaden under the leaden mass of the rece- ding clouds. When the Spring came Tom grew a little better and stronger, but I hardly ventured to hope. I think that first thing that gave him a new hold on life was the letter a brother of his wrote. Bitterly and cruelly as xxxx had spoken, it was not in his nature to repent by halves. His apology may have been a humbling ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F2_p109.jpg) one to make, but it raised him higher in my eyes than he had ever been placed: it was so full and frank. Nor was Tom one to forgive by halves. He took his people to his heart again, and grew happier and stronger. While the wretched year had been dragging slowly on, it may be believed that we had small heart to put into completing our new house. If Tom was to leave me, what cared I about the home that could not be home without him! And for his part he could not endure to think of the rooms where he had hoped to shelter his family from the summer heats of the cities. Now they were estranged from him. And the largest room, in the most sheltered part of the house ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F2_p110.jpg) house planned with an especial eye to Mother's wants and ways she would never enter. We would have liked to squeeze up the big empty pile, and throw it away. But it would not be thrown away. [paragraph sign] And if it was an eyesore to us it was a double affliction to Bright the Builder. Money was not plentiful with us, and we were tolerant of poor Bright's excuses and delays. We were not desirous of spending our money on the house we no longer loved and we felt sorry for Bright who was growing grayer and more careworn every day. We saw that he did not understand his work and wondered why he did not give up his contract. The truth was, though we did not know it, that his creditors were fed with promises of the great sums he was to receive upon its completion. [---] [---] Photograph here. In reality we were paying him, by agreement ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F2_p111.jpg) from time to time as he completed certain portions. I was to receive one more cause to give an occurrence at this time gave me for months. me a horror of the skeleton" as we all called it. One summer morning Tom left on a journey by a very early train. There was some special household work going forward and old Jane eager to be useful take part in it left me to bathe and dress my babies. I was sponging Evan and Willie in one bath, laughing gaily with them as the crystal shower came down on their fair white bodies, and wondering how I ever came to delegate the pleasure of tending them to hired hands, when a hasty summons came from Bright. I ran downstairs. He said one of his carpenters was sick. He was lying under one of the trees and complained of colic. It was Monday. I knew the man's Sunday habits, and Bright when questioned, ad ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F2_p112.jpg) mitted that the carpenter had spent the day in Whiskeytown, and had taken a bottle to bed with him. I had a vague idea that a person suffering from the effects of intoxication ought to be stimulated, so I sent him a drink of ginger, whiskey and water, bidding him come into the house till he felt able to walk to his boarding house. He sat up to drink the ginger and bade them tell me it made him "feel quite heart , and he'd come into the house directly." The other carpenters returned to their work, but when ten minutes elapsed without his moving they went to him again, and finding him swooning brought him into the cool building and summoned me. I had his head raised, for he was lying flat on the table, had his feet and hands rubbed, and gave him restoratives. But he died—died so quietly that ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F2_p113.jpg) we had not ceased our efforts when unmistakable signs of death made themselves apparent. There was something so shocking in the suddenness of the death, the sight of the warm soft tint[--] of the living Creature changing under my touch into the cold stonelike Thing, that I could hardly recover myself. The warm bright sunshine and dancing shadows of the trees played on the lifeless face between the beams of the building. I covered it over and crept away to my own room and prayed God to forgive me if in my ignorance I had overlooked any means by which the poor fellow could have been brought back to Life. If I were to believe the report of the St Mary's surgeons who made a post-mortem examination, the man had been laboring under such a complication of diseases that the wonder was not that he should die, but that he ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F2_p114.jpg) ever should have lived from day to day. But although the brutal jests of the "doctors" as they pursued their horrid work reached my ears as I lay racked with headache in my room. I fear they merely thought they would let me have the names of as many diseases as would merit the price they charged. They hacked the poor corpse terribly I learned, and showed as little delicacy as science. When my husband came home he told me what ignorant wretches they were, and that I might have spared myself having them there at all. We had acquired a habit of spending Sundays, when the workmen were away, in the cool and lofty space covered in by the roof of the new building, but after this time months elapsed before I could bear to go in there. I watched the children ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F2_p115.jpg) anxiously the night after the death, but they ran about the rooms in the twilight as merrily as ever manifesting no fear of "ghosts" though the hammering on the coffin had been audible all the afternoon, and though they had seen the cart depart with its ghastly burden. I sent poor "Johnny <'s body> to his home in Williamsport in charge of a comrade, and re- ceived in return a note from his father begging me to send him any arrears of wages there might be. I gave the note to Bright, and he received it in such an odd confused way, and chuckling and muttering to himself, that I began to think he was going crazy. I knew he had trouble at home. He had two strong lads who ought to have worked for him their parents, but they idled about or hunted all day contributing nothing to their own support. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F2_p116.jpg) Besides these sons there was a flock of little black-eyed dirty pretty little children always tumbling about his shanty, and the one use- -ful child. This was "Ella", a girl of thirteen, who would have been pretty but for ther extreme thinness, that made her dark face almost. Her face was dark and her eyes black, and her little lean arms were always occupied with a baby. I used my physician's privilege to remonstrate on the way the little thing was kept chained to work while her brothers idled, and Mrs Bright promised to amend (matters). She certainly made a slartling inno- -vation on all received methods of providing relaxa -tion for a child, for she sent "Ella" under the escort of a young carpenter to the first "breakdown ball" in the neighborhood, whence the girl returned in the morning alone ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F2_p117.jpg) escort being "too drunk to be moved." Mrs Bright herself was a meek depressed little woman who got behindhand with her work on Monday and was ineffectually striving to "catch up to it" on Saturday night. The solitary gleam of sunshine in her life was the possession of a "taste." From distant "Port" (Port Allegheny) the rumor came before her that Mrs Bright displayed a skill and fancy in the cutting out of paper draperies for fire-places. When she was utterly out of heart and love of life you could bring up happy looks on her worn face by a neatly turned allusion to her screens. The comfort some women derive from their gentility Mrs Bright drew from the recollection of the leisurely days in which she used to clip her paper toys, poor thing. One day Tom came to me and asked my advice. Bright wanted him to make ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F2_p118.jpg) him a payment in advance, for which he assigned various good reasons. Her actions and words had been so strange for some time that we had jestingly agreed he was going to run away from his "White Elephant." I accordingly laughingly advised Tom to consent "or else Bright would be off." But Tom responded that he was much more likely to go off if he had money in his pocket than if he had none. The matter was finally settled much to Bright's disgust by a partial payment in cash, and by Tom's paying two store bills of large amounts. Next day Bright's eldest son presented himself with a note which he had found in "Pa's" boarding-book. It ran "Gorg be good to your Ma I can do no moor i hav run off. J.A. Bright." So he had. George wished to have ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F2_p119.jpg) Tom believe him as much surprised as he professed to be. He asked Tom to have the woods searched, but afterwards acknowledged that Pa. had Jeff (his younger brother Thomas Jefferson, his being George Washington, commonly called Wash.) and his rifle with him. George said the under journey- -men had arrears of wages owing, and threatened to seize all their goods: Tom bade him send the men to him, and not to let them worry his mother. When he had gone we felt very sorry for poor Bright, and wished we had not made a jest of what had turned out a reality. In the evening George came up again, this time pale with unaffected terror. He said "Ma" had been very low all day, threatening to poison herself, and now she really had he believed, for she was lying in front of the stove in a sort of stupor. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F2_p120.jpg) A1 While Tom was preparing to go down, I told him to try an emetic. I knew Mrs Bright had a bottle of Paregoric which she believed to be Laudanum, and I thought it probable she had taken that. It proved to be so, and she was easily restored to consciousness "by the employment of the usual means." She was much mortified by the practical result of the poetic expression of des- -pair to which the romances she loved had taught her to resort. In two weeks time they went away to relatives of hers in Dunkirk, where Bright joined them, and removed with them to the West. A year after I had a plaintive appeal from her for help. She said Bright was quite crazy, but was harmless and would work if he had any tools. She begged me to send her his chest, which she seemed to ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F2_p121.jpg) A2 imagine to be in Tom's possession and she characteristically forgot to give her address. The postmaster's stamp was too much blurred to be legible. Quite lately one of our men met Bright in one of the Western cities, and he affected not to know him at first. But when Baker shouted after him "Say, Mister, I was only going to tell you that General Kane paid all the journeymen's wages", poor Bright turned back, and confessed that he was only afraid of a Kane face. He had good work as a journey- -man and was doing well. After Bright left we finished the house at our leisure, doing quite as well without a "Builders", as with such a one as Bright. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F2_p122.jpg) VII The architect and builder of our new Hotel stayed with us month after month. He gave little trouble, and we were too glad to have the building go forward to grudge him a seat at our table. We paid for this Hotel in various ways twice over: but my husband considered it of the utmost importance to have it built. Besides that it was necessary to the suc- -cess of our plans for the settlement, and improvement of the Country—his word was pledged that it should be completed to the Penn a RR. Company that it would be completed in time for the accom- -modation of the passengers by their Express trains. To say more on this head would involve my explaining the whole course of our difference with the Mc. K & E. Company: the story on their part of five years of promises unperformed— on ours of nearly as long a term of expostulations and remonstrance. Three years I think elapsed ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F2_p123.jpg) A4 before we came to the final rupture. We only broke with them at last upon the settlement of our accounts. They put off and put off adjusting them until they were nearly as many thousands in our debt as we were worth. Tom was thus driven to make his peremptory demand. The Company did not affect to dispute an item charged; but replied they had no money in the Treasury. We had to press them hard before they proposed to pay us in land! We had more than enough choice land ourselves, and we consented to wait until they could pay us by instalments. But even then we became uneasy as to the sincerity of their intention to do so. They talked and wrote as if they wished Tom to make sales, and yet managed to avoid con- -firming every one that he arranged. The truth was (though we have only recently learned it) ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F2_p124.jpg) A5 the principal Directors were also Bondholders who believed that the Company must become Bankrupt, and anticipated covetously the day when they might foreclose their Mortgage. They would have given Tom gladly a liberal slice of the cake, if he would have eaten it and held his tongue. They were foiled by his acting as Agent for the Stockholders, defending them and their interests against all whose interests were adverse to theirs. It was this annoying honesty of his which compelled their sacrificing him too—reluctantly, for they esteemed him. But when their time for "crushing" came, they found that he was as wary as he was honest, and had not forgotten his legal training. He showed them a case made up: on which he was prepared to proceed to trial at once; and at the same time brought suit against them at common Common Law in the Court of Quarter Sessions of McKean County. Before they recovered from this blow, he let them know that he was about to commence proceedings in Equity against them in Philedelphia. To conduct these he selected a Quaker Lawyer held in the highest esteem in the world of Philadelphia. That Eli K. Price should be Thomas Kane's Counsel was sore ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F2_p125.jpg) A6 discouragement to "the Board". They intended squeezing "Thomas" until for his good, until he should give in, when they would show him a good share of booty hidden away safely for him. I think so well of some of these gentlemen who are eminent for good works, and who devote a large part of their time to active charity, that I do not like to say they were dishonest. They were astute business-men, and acted on the most rational principles. As if the officers of a ship might decide that it was impossible to save both crew and passengers; that the passengers were happy in their ignorance—and therefore it was best to man the boats quietly with those who were most capable of taking care of themselves. And as for the Quixotic Mate who insisted on the passengers' rights, it was most merciful to stun him with a quiet blow from which he would recover to find himself safe in the ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F2_p126.jpg) boat, and the wreck under the waves. And then this b mate turned out to have the key of the powder-room! [The discomfiture of that band of officers would be not less than that of the Board of Managers when Tom brought suit.] x If the friendship of that most respectable Quaker Price, was in Tom's favor another circumstance of a totally opposite character brought utter dismay into their ranks. Tom brought suit up here, and when it became necessary for them to put in an affidavit of defence their Secretary came up Tom was sick, but started off through a snowstorm to Smeth- -port to stand by him if necessary. He had advised their President to send up a lawyer, but they chose to take their own way. Tom had retained the only counsel that were to be had in the little county town. He would have carried the Secretary over , and exacted for him a punctil[---] ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F2_p127.jpg) A8 courtesy of treatment. But poor fat Hacker thought he would "steal a march on the General," and came into RobRoy country from <[---]> Wilcox instead of going in from here under Tom's safe- conduct. When Tom reached the County Town Hacker had already left, and the whole popu- -lation were in ecstasies of delight over his discom- -fiture. Tom was received as RobRoy might have been, each person crowding crowds surrounding him, and listening with applause to the narra- -tion of each little attorney who had his part in snubbing the unhappy man. He had finally sought advice of the editor of the County paper who receiving him with all imaginable gravity, and solicited items. He said the General would give him none, and had declined to permit his "coming out." But he "was sure he'd like it afterwards, and the public sentiment of the ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F2_p128.jpg) country side required that the Company should be "salted raw." Hacker's appealed to one lawyer of great intelligence, but who drinks too much. He is very sensitive about his reputation, which still stands high. Of all foolish things to say what does Hacker held forth as a temptation but the prospect of his being "associated with "a distinguished lawyer"! Poor Williams's pride was touched. He however simply said "he must forfeit the distinction "being already retained by his friend General Kane". "Friend!" echoed Hacker peevishly "he seems to have all the lawyers for friends!" "Yes", replied the other, "and between ourselves you will find he has every citizen in the county too!" That was Hacker's last effort. He fairly ran away. <"Never go to a Jury up there: whatever else you do" he reported to his Employers.> The Company were whipped, and the suit was settled amicably to Tom's satisfaction. During the campaign however ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F2_p129.jpg) we had trying times. A10 The Christmas Season of 1868 was a dismal one to us. My husband had been con- -strained by the imploring letters of old Mr. Fraley to go down to Philadelphia. Mr. Fraley "believed our lawsuit might be avoided": Tom would have been pleased to be convinced of the fact. The Compa- -ny did not know how little ready money we possessed in spite of the undaunted front we presented. We knew that our commissariat might, nay, probably would, fail before the Suit could be decided. So Tom and I parted, hoping he might return before Christmas Day with joyful news. Our case was so plain! Yes; the Company admitted our facts, but claimed that they could not pay the sum due us without sacrifices they were not disposed to make. Mr. Fraley's views of an amicable settlement resolved themselves into Tom's "manifesting ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F2_p130.jpg) A11 his usual generosity and magnanimity and giving up his rights. Tom, remembering the little partner hidden among the snowy mountains waiting so eagerly for news, felt obliged to hold out. The days slipped by, and Mr. Fraley's positive answer was deferred over the 25th of December, "because he made a point of dedicating Christmas Day to his family without business interruptions." My husband felt it necessary to econo- -mise every penny, our affairs seemed to be in such evil case. Neither could he afford to expend his bodily strength in a journey here—a mere "Senti- -mental Journey" as he tried to phrase it, with the intention of returning to Philadelphia. Our fate must be decided before he sought his home. But he was seriously ill, the damp raw chill of the seaboard uniting with his anxiety of mind to produce agonising neuralgia in his wounds. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F2_p131.jpg) A12 Several times he had been on the point of fainting. He had been consulting with our faithful Sam. Field at whose house he stayed overnight , but on Christ- -mas morning he came to town, as all the Fields were to spend the day from home. He did not wish to intrude his mourn- -ful face again upon festive gatherings; but feeling the , symptoms of a seizure he called at the residences of his brother and aunt, and learned from the servants they had gone out to spend the day. It was the first time he had ever spent in Phila- -delphia without a home-circle to welcome him. He determined to go to his sister's at Princeton by the first train offering, for he knew poor Bess would joyfully welcome him as a relic of the home she still pined for. But it was some hours still too early. The shops and libraries were all shut. He visited two of the churches ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F2_p132.jpg) which of old he used to attend with friends since dead and buried. This measure did not increase his cheerful- -ness; but when the churches were closed, and even the sextons had gone home, he felt more solitary than ever, and as he began to limp painfully towards the cars his increasing illness made him fearful of being alone. There was an apothecary's open, and there he took some Hartshorn and Quinine which lent him a little strength. But this was exhausted by the time he reached Fifth & Chestnut Street. There was a tavern at the corner and he turned in and asked leave to rest. The people were kindly after the fashion of those who attend the resorts of dissipation. Their manners are often genial: it is etiquette with them not to show that they are shocked at the sight of physical wretchedness. Tom was amused to notice that every customer who came in made an excuse for partaking of refreshment in a restaurant on Christmas Day. Each made a casual mention of his being about to join ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F2_p133.jpg) A14 to join a friendly feast somewhere at a later hour than his usual meal. Tom was half ashamed to acknowledge to himself that he too felt impelled to explain that he also had a Christmas table in view. The prospect was He could not refrain from smiling when the friendly bar-tender explained that he himself was only there temporarily until the return of his friend the regular bar-tender should set him free to enjoy his share of Christmas festivity The clock had been anxiously watched by Tom, and at the latest minute he rose to go to the train. But the interminably long cold streets after his previous fatigue proved When I catechised him, as the wife of his bosom should, I found that he had walked up certain streets "in affectionate remembrance of our early married life." "But oh, my dearest Tom, it was not in memory of me that you ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F2_p134.jpg) A15 patrolled Fourth Street, and visited Sr. Josephs's Church! "Why didn't you, like a sensible practical man, the father of a family, go com- -fortably to the "Continental" and dine there take your ease at your Inn instead of haunting mouldy old churches with the ghosts of dead flirtatious?" Though Tom laughed , I think he was a little confused by my raillery. I really believe he had half-associated me with the old, old times when I was still a child in pantalets. and he was a young man! <"keeping company" with—well; not with me!> Besides he was Philadel- -phian enough, I suspect, to dislike sitting down in his own city at a Hotel table on Christmas Day. I cannot blame him, for I should have the same feeling. So he went dinnerless to his brothers and finding it empty determined that ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F2_p135.jpg) A16 He would visit Aunt Ann. He knew she would rejoice to see him. —Moreover he was hungry! Aunt Ann was then boarding with Mrs. Robins, and there had been a joyous family dinner. Tom was cordially received, and felt as if after a cup of tea he might revive enough to be a cheerful member of the happy circle. But time dragged on. Aunt Ann's round face became overshadowed, and her kind eyes watched Tom's movements wistfully. At length she could not resist whispering "Honey, your dear old aunt does so wish she had not given up housekeeping! I know if you were at Greenwood you'd let Auntie give you a nice cup of tea and send you to bed? But dear Helen is such a good mana- -ger that she always provides a late dinner, and then people don't need tea." Then Tom took his leave, and sought his bed he was perfectly eshausted. He bade me afterwards never let a wandering guest leave [---] ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F2_p136.jpg) A17 roof without at least offering a cup of tea. And so I bid you, my descendants. No one knows how many a fit of illness, or fall into intemperance might have been warded off by me simple acts of timely hospitality. Next day Tom was really ill, and though as he contrived to keep his business appointment —and receive the decidedly unfavorable answer he had feared— he was very unfit for the journey home. It was about 4 A.M. of the 28th of December when the cars dropped him at Kane Station. There was no one to meet him, for Black Thomas tired of going to meet every train as I had made him do for several days, had neglected my order and was sleeping soundly when the whistle of the departing train. When Tom plunged into the darkness to make his way home the snow was already very deep under- -foot while The air was filled with falling flakes, ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F2_p137.jpg) A18 driven by a piercingly cold wind. At the time he reached the foot of our hill and left the guidance of the RRoad track every trace of our private road had been effaced by the drifting snow. He soon lost his way. Twice a black gulf made itself sufficiently apparent to keep him from stepping over the edge of the "Deep Cut." He found himself again down by the "Tank," and there fired his pistol, hoping to attract the attention of some of the people living in the Mill Hollow, but there came neither gleam of light, nor sound in response. He lay down at the foot of a stump, and rested awhile, and there he left a parcel of Christmas gifts he had been carrying for the children. Then he struggled on, but the soft snow was more than two feet deep above the crust which broke through with every step . The exertion of walking under [The following is written sideways on left side of page] He [---]t of hell from the until he was snagged by some fallen t[---] and [--]y [---]d to der[--]d again struck our new fen[--] following what brought him to the Tank again which he followed and came once more to the Tank again A third effort carried him farther Recognizing t[--] young [--] he reached [---]ly the [---] ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F2_p138.jpg) A19 such circumstances is great, and Tom's lameness and previous weakness made it espcially fati- -guing. ] Recognising two young Hemlocks whose blackness relieved their outline a little from the sky he found he had passed our last path, the one that takes us to the house through the glade. He was forced to leave his great coat there before he retraced his steps, but he was too much heated by exertion to feel the need of it at the time. As he climbed the hill the way ascent seemed interminably long, and he felt certain that he had wandered altogether out of his way. Two days after when I traced the depressions that marked where in the drifts where his footsteps had been I found that he had kept very near to the line of the path. If he could only have struck upon it he would have found hard trodden ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F2_p139.jpg) A20 snow beneath the soft drifts, and been able to guide himself, as a horse does over a plank road in the darkest night. He seemed to himself to have wandered so far that it was a surprise to him to learn that the spot where he finally sank exhausted was just below the brow of the hill not twenty yards from the carriage drive round the circle. He must have swooned, he thinks, for he was not conscious of being cold, but he remem- -bered no more until he felt a sense of annoy- -ance. It was Carlo licking his face roughly, so that he was disturbing enough to rouse himself to push him off. Carlo redoubled his caresses, and did not leave him until he raised him- -self on one elbow. Then the dog darted away, and Tom was just sinking to sleep again, when he heard the sleighbells and Carlo's loud barking. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F2_p140.jpg) A21 Parrently he started at the thought that he was going with me over He was speculating half-dreamily as to the pro- -priety of calling for help, and then cried feebly Hoa! The bells stopped a moment; then Carlo came bounding to him, and push- ing his nose under him tried to raise him, and then the great gentle horses came drawing the sledge to his very feet. It was still dark but they stopped of their own accord. Our man Black Thomas tells me that he heard the train leaving Kane Station and hastened to harness the horses, and Carlo as his custom was came out of the stable with them. But the dog suddenly appeared very uneasy raising his nose in the air, barking and jumping on the sleigh, and pushing Thomas so importunately that he struck him, imagining only that he displayed unmannerly eagerness to be off on the excursion. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F2_p141.jpg) A22 We have two roads to the Station. The shorter one One goes steeply down the hill and following the RRoad is much shorter. It was this that Tom had taken. It used to be our only road, but as the grades were bad, we abandoned it l as a carriage round and Tom cut a new one, descending gently to the Wilcox Road. It was into this that Thomas burned, and as he turned, his back was towards the hill Tom was climbing Then Carlo jumped off the sled and disappeared, and soon Thomas heard him barking loudly in the distance. Poor Thomas skull is thick, but the idea penetrated to his brain at last, and generated the idea that Carlo's very unusual desertion of the horses, and his excitement might mean that Tom was coming the other way. When he had fully possessed himself of the notion, he had reached the Wilcox Road, but he then turned round, and went ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F2_p141a.jpg) back. Car ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F2_p142.jpg) A23 131 back. When he drew near the house Carlo came running to him, and then he heard Tom call faintly, but he could not tell where it was. The reins were lying loose, for the horses could find the road in the darkness better than Thomas could guide them. They halted when my husband called, and then they swerved from the road and followed Carlo. The under- -brushed scratched Thomas's face, but he thought it best to let the horses go on as "they seemed to ha' got an idea a notion in their heads." Thomas saw nothing yet, but the horses soon made a turn and halted "where Carlo was whining and kind o' 'joicing-like Ma'am, you know. And the horses they'd turned their heads and was looking very quiet at the General who was lyin' most under their feet. He'd got up on his elbow, and Carlo was pushing him to make him ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F2_p143.jpg) 132 get up altogether. I lifted him into the bobs sledge and Carlo jumped in and lay on his feet, and when the horses saw I had him in they just turned about and went as quiet as you please out to the road and drew up at the kitchen door." Carlo seemed to think he had a special interest in Tom, for he followed him into the kitchen, and lay down beside him, as Thomas laid him on the floor. Thomas rubbed him well, and put him to bed in the spare room and it was not for till two days after that I heard the story, and went to trace the half effaced footsteps in the snow. That snow was still lying upon the ground when we buried Carlo beneath it. He died on the 28th of February of Pleurs Pneumonia. Tom nursed him while sick and laid him out after death as if he had been a human friend But Tommy lives still the dearest our climate and best of pigeons! My husband provided ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F2_p144.jpg) A25 Tom's dangerous adventure in the snowstorm could not properly be attributed to the wildness of our country. He might have lost his way in the dark- -ness in such a storm, and swooned from weariness in any land. But the snow lies so long here! The drifts are only disappearing now in April. Had Carlo not discovered him, the swoon would have passed into death, and we might have searched for him in vain, while his body lay frozen almost beneath our feet. We have a hereditary right to dread this fearful death, for our fathers and mothers often told us the fate of our great-grand-aunt Grant in the days of the family Hegira after the Revolution began in America. Our people, we confess with shame were <(Not Kent!)> Tories. Our great aunt Morris wrote a family narrative for Tom from which I transcribe the story ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F2_p145.jpg) A26 "Within two or three years after our arrival in Nova Scotia, occurred a domestic calamity which in the "dark backward and abyss of time" stands out in terrible relief.—Mrs. Grant, my mother's youngest sister, the widow of Major Grant who fell at the storming of Fort Montgomery, embarked with her only son (a handsome youth of fifteen or sixteen) and Mr. Chan- -deller his son and daughter, from Annapolis to cross the bay of Fundy to meet the British Commissioners at St John's to adjust with them their various claims for confiscations, losses and spoliations sustained by them as Loyalists. During a tremendous snow storm their vessel was driven on the cliffs of the opposite shore, and the passengers escaped to land by climbing along a rope stretched to the shore from the bowsprit, and then clambering over precipices they reached a table- -land. Here the Ladies were so exhausted that the Men made for them a bed on the snow with ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F2_p146.jpg) A 27 pine-branches, and covered them as well as they could with their coats. The men then joined in tramping round them in a ring to keep themselves from freezing and when warm would kneel down, and put the poor Ladies' feet in their bosoms. Thus they kept Life in all until daylight broke: _ they then divided into parties, the strong ones taking the lead. Young Chandeller had been drowned while attempting to land. Old Mr. Chandeller and his daughter followed on through deep snow, piercing wind and a bright sun. Robert Grant and his mother travelled on all day together until she became so exhausted that she said "My son I can go no farther, I must lay down and die!" He had cheered and sup- -ported her as long as he was able—he then broke down branches of spruce and pine—made her a sort of bed, laid on it, took off his coat and wrapped her in it, placed himself by her side with ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F2_p147.jpg) A 28 her head on his arm, and both fell asleep. The baying of a wolf roused him, and his mother lay dead in his arms. He then covered her with snow to protect her from wild beasts, marked the spot, and set off alone under a waning moon to find his way to the nearest settlement. Within about two miles he met men with a sledge coming in quest of them. He was so frozen that they placed him in a bath of cold water, and thus his life was preserved. The men followed his track, and first found Mrs Grant, then at a little distance Miss Chandeller sitting up- -dead in the snow. They traced her steps to the brink of a precipice down which her father had fallen eighty feet—the birds of prey showing the spot!" In the history of a family house- -hold where there are attached servants the "kitchen folks" play a considerable part. Yet how seldom ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F2_p148.jpg) A 29 mention is made of what they do, the comparison made between every family's faithful servants and Caleb Balderstone shows. When my great grand- -mother Sybil went to Accadia—so Aunt Morris spells it—she was accompanied by two faithful slaves, two unpaid Balderstones, Old and Young Cato. Yet so full was her mind of the "parlor folks" that she makes no mention whatever of these humble friends, though old Cato's melancholy death must surely have been unforgotten when she wrote the story of Mrs Grant's death. Poor Cato was lost in the snow fields near the house. The story comes to us that he must have lost his mind, for when his body was discovered they remarked that he had been walking in a wide circle, ever following the traces of his previous footsteps, apparently without remarking the recurrence of grove and ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F2_p149.jpg) A30 fence and solitary tree. The poor fellow's path was tramped hard by his weary nightlong journey ere he lay down to die within sound of the horns at the farmhouse door. It is strange how soon the mind becomes bewildered when the body is lost in the forest. In the cases that have come within our own experience it would seem as if men lost in the forests in winter never kept their minds. There were two huts by our spring the winter of 1863-64 occupied by RailRoad contractors. A tiny clearing surrounded them. One fearful night shots were fired near by, and a hail was given. Tom, who was inside the largest hut went to the door with some of the engineers. On the edge of the clearing two figures were seen moving in the snow. They had fired the shots and given the hail, but when the light streamed out from the ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F2_p150.jpg) A31 opened doors of the huts, they began moving away. No persuasion would induce them to cross the snowy space between them and the huts, because they dared not trust themselves off the path they had struck upon. When a dozen active fellows pursued and brought them to the fires with friendly violence they feebly resisted, unable to take in the idea that they were safe. The people of the forest tell stories of men being tempted away from their clearings to follow the wolves "called by them" they say. But the only instance I ever heard cited was that of the minister of the Teutonia settlement. He left one of their merry makings abruptly, was seen going quickly towards the edge of the forest, and was never seen again. The story in the country is that he "was called by the wolves", But I imagine that it was started for their own ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F2_p151.jpg) A 32 purposed by parties interested in concealing the truth. It was easily credited by the timid Germans, who fresh from their own Black Forest and its legends of the Wehr Wolf, were ready to believe anything fearful concerning the forest depths that shut them in. The minister had no friends to prosecute inquiries, but I have heard an old man who was one of those who went out to search next day, say that another set of footmarks joined the track the minister made in leaving the clearing, and that although there were wolf tracks where the human footsteps ended, there were signs of a hard struggle in the beaten snow, and one man's trail leading back to the settlements. I asked him why he had not pointed this out, but he made some remark about the wolf that called the minister being able to catch him alone if he talked too much, and I suppose it was prudent to be ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F2_p152.jpg) A33 silent. The Teutonia settlement has disappeared, and the minister's fate will never be cleared up. Now people could hardly be missed lost without more effectual search being made. Yet this strange craze that stupefies them, may while it mercifully benumbs their sense of misery, lead to their dying silently within a few feet of human help. Between our scattered settlements there are seldom more than seventeen miles of unbroken forest, and men who have to go from one to another over the snows form parties on foot, go in parties of three or four together. A Swede or two were lost for a single night last winter, but found in the morning. But the winter before we came here to live Tom came up over the mountain between and in a sledge with Mr. Barrett. About nine at night they overtook a traveller on foot. There was a struggling ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F2_p153.jpg) A 34 glimmer of moonlight which showed him to be picking his way fastidiously where all was snow and ice along the beaten road. "Drunk, I reckon" Mr. Barrett said, but pulling up his horses in kindly country fashion added "Jump in, stranger we'll give you a lift." The man got in, and his first care was to turn up the soles of his feet to see if his boots were dry! He was almost too cold to speak, but when Tom gave him a sup from his pocket flask he talked away fluently enough. He was not at all intoxicated, and told them with a half-dead indifference that he was all right now, but he guessed the other two would be cold enough by morning. "What other two?" "Why, back there. Ye must have passed them, for its not more than a mile I've come since I saw the light of their fire." ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F2_p154.jpg) A 35 To be sure Tom and Barrett had noticed the brands of a decaying fire by the roadside but no one had answered their call, and they supposed it had been left by some hunter. Barrett backed his horses to turn round, but the stranger seized the reins and struggled to prevent their going back. He would give no reason, but when they overpowered him, tried to jump from the sleigh to proceed on his way. It was an insane fear of freezing if he delayed—the perverted exercise of the instinct that kept him from lingering over the fire with the others. The exhibition of a pistol barrel gleaming in the moonlight subdued him. When they came up to the fire they found it had been kindled at the foot of a hollow tree which acted as a chimney. When Barrett jumped down a man rose from ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F2_p155.jpg) A 36 the dying embers and tried to run away, but was too cold to control his limbs and fell. They put him in the sleigh, and searched for the other who lay a little way off insensible. It used always to make Barrett laugh afterwards when he spoke of the con- -duct of these men already in the sleigh. They took no heed of their companion leaving Tom and Barrett to resuscitate him, which they were long in doing, but just quarrelled and chattered like madmen in their air among the hay in the bottom of the sledge. Next day they were as peaceable and commonplace a set of fellows as ever hung over a tavern-fire. Our climate it must be confessed ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F2_p156.jpg) A 37 over a tavern-fire. The danger of being lost in the woods is not our only one. There are times when the winds sweep over the forests, and great trees fall down before their fury. Here and there are vast spaces where a "windfall" has occurred a vast reach of forest felled in inextricable confusion and defying the skill of man or beast to penetrate its. I remember that I had an experience ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F2_p157.jpg) Include this all Our hilltop gives us a wonderful set of echoes. When there is a thunderstorm the many valleys that diverge from it bring up the reverberations to the delight of a lover of storms. For my own part I could very well spare this advantage The children love to watch the swiftness with which the storm and its shadow on the hills come over to us, but the nursery training I received deprived me of any pleasure in the sight. I remember that I had an expe- -rience of one of our sudden storms in the spring of 1866. Some of us worshippers in the log Church of the Wilderness undertaken a Sunday School. I took a Bible Class, I remember, which included that poor old harridan Mrs. Coons as well as some innocent little girls whose attainments placed them beyond the elementary classes. And here I must confess that I did little ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F2_p158.jpg) good. I could not see the use of gabbling over Old Testament History) Our Superintendent dismissed us abruptly one morning, bidding us all hasten home before a storm he had seen coming should burst. I started to go by my usual path along the elevated trestle of the mill, and thence by the high RR. embankment to the foot of our hill. But I had scarcely set foot on the trestle when the wind suddenly rose, turned my umbrella inside out, and so nearly blew me off the platform that I dared not proceed. So I turned and took the pathway through the woods. I was wet to the skin in a few minutes and chilled by the wind, while the incessant lightning terrified me. I prided myself however on going along unconcernedly, and indeed I could not well go fast, for the wind took my ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F2_p159.jpg) A 39 breath away. When I came within sight of the house it looked very far off as I toiled up the hill. I was seen, and to my surprise Tom came running to me waving his arms and shouting to me to hurry. When he reached me he snatched and threw away the broken umbrella I was still carrying, and dragged me up the hill so fast, that when I reached the piazza I fell down gasping for breath. While the servants brought me a glass of wine, and I struggled for the power of swallowing it, I heard a great crash, and a tree fell close to the house. Then Tom told me that up here on the heights he had heard what was inaudible to me down in the wooded valley. He knew that the sound was the tempest roaring up the Kenjua, and there indeed we learned a great windfall oc- ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F2_p160.jpg) -curred. When the clear tranquil morning of next day came Tom took me down the path I had traversed. It was strewn with broken branches, many of them large enough to kill me. Right across the path lay a huge tree whose fall behind me Tom had heard when he came flying down to warn me of my danger. And the trestle was broken down by the fall of another. I have not risked being out when we can see the "thunder-blue" resting on the Tionista Hills. But there are other scenes to be seen in the skies above those same hills—scences of warmth and light with the azure overlaid by a rosy flush or tinged with bright electric clouds, and the glens between overflowing with a steel -blue haze ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F2_p161.jpg) A 41 afternoon. At teatime he Our hill top gives us a wonderful variety of echoes. When there is a thunderstorm the many valleys that diverge from it bring up the reverberations to the delight of a lover of storms. For my own part I could very well forego this advantage: but the children love to watch the swiftness with which the storm and its shadow on the hills come over to us. But there are other scenes to be seen in the sky above those same hills—scenes of warmth and light, with the azure overlaid by a rosy flush, or tinged with bright electric clouds, and the glens between overflowing with a steel blue haze. Kane is I think a ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F2_p162.jpg) A42 the suit was settled amicably to Tom's satisfaction But this is a matter of late date. In '66 and '67 the building of the Hotel was watched by us with eager interest. We thought it a very important thing, and were soothed into confidence regarding our debt by seeing the lavish outlay Mr. Y. made upon it. I imagine that our confidence re-acted upon him. Time enough has not yet elapsed for me to judge him fairly, and as his connection with our settlement was but a short one I may pass him over. Looking from the position of one interested in the prosperity of the County though not of the Company, I may regard his stay here with complacency. And a Memorial of him exists in the grand Hotel—finished a year ago and empty still! Would that the day were come when I might add a marginal note of exultation of over its prosperity! ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F2_p163.jpg) Mr. Yarnall also built the neat schoolhouse and church building which replaced the old loghouse, and the pretty cottages on Fraley Street which set our emulous Yankee population to building a better class of houses for themselves than we could have hoped for. Kane is, I think a remarkably pretty village for one that has no pretension to anti- quity. The situation is so high that the hills slope away down from it until the forest swallows up the cleared ground. But here and there above the distant tree-tops you catch faint glimpses of blue that tell of mountain ranges to be seen one day, when the Nye Sveria farm settlement climbs over the hill toward us. Mr. Yarnall built for us th 3 The RailRoad shops of stone are quite picturesque. They are at one end of Kane, and our house, separated from the village hill, by ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F2_p164.jpg) A 43 the Mill Hollow, is the last on the other side. In the Mill Hollow there are several cottages and barns all belonging to us, beside the Mill, but our House is effectually screened from the sight of them by the wooded hillslope on which we stand. Tom would have kept our house absolutely secluded but to please me he has cut an opening through which we catch a glimpse of the Hotel which I think very pretty. We can see the Hotel but the people there have but a very faint notion that the gleam they sometimes see in the hill is the sunlight on our tower. The RR. stopping place ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F2_p165.jpg) A44 117 We have a large Hotel here now of which we catch a glimpse through the trees as we stand on our doorstep. It is close to the town, and is separated from us by the Tionesta Valley. Hollow in which the Mill and its buildings stand. But we are screened from the Mill Hollow by our trees. The RR. stopping-place is to be at the Hotel, and we hope mar it will have a good reputation as a summer retreat. We cannot however how any "views," as yet to tempt tourists, for the forests cover the land. And our beautiful horseback rides are almost too wild for the romantic young lady, who likes to ride in the sweeping habit of fashion. Nor are these anywhere near Kane be beautiful lakes and streams such as the Adirondack region boasts. Our woodland has its own spell, in the deep peace sense of rest and peace it inspires. And our skies are perfect. I never realised till I came here the be meaning of the distich ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F2_p166.jpg) A 45 122 streaked with electric clouds. From our piazza we overlook the long Tionesta Valley, and it is a never-failing pleasure to us to note the atmospheric changes upon the distant hills, and especially to watch the storms coming over to us. The sun seems to set on a level with our feet, and in winter the low rays turn the snow rosy with blue shadows, while the whole sky glows with colour even to "the daffodil" hue that Tennyson is ridiculed for claiming to have seen. The prosaic smoke and steam sent up in rolling clouds by the locomotives passing, hidden in the "cut" below us, are tinged with a gloryus I often wish we had a river, or sea-view, instead of the range after range of soft blue hills, but it ought to be satisfied with the varying beauty it displays as the seasons alter. And if there is beauty overhead, there is no ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F2_p167.jpg) country out of the tropics which can boast greater loveliness under foot. Our wild-flowers have a vividness , and freshness of scent about them that is as unusual as the sweetness of all the roots and vegetables. I often wish A botanist would make a study of our fungi . I have sometimes arranged a group of toadstools in a low flat vase decked with ferns, and have seen them admired as flowers. Some are a translucent red, a clear yellow, or a milky white. Others have an opaque red outside lined with delicate flutings of pure white, while there are blacks, and browns of all shades, with some curiously spotted ones to relieve them fr soften them. Then the wart-like growths on the trees, some so large, that I have used them as ornamental brackets. These look just like polished old mahogany, while others again look like large gray solid tassels edged and banded with white. Both these kinds seem to ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F2_p168.jpg) A 47 124 live long, and on live trees. But the children assert that those on the fallen damp logs come in crops, and frequently draw my attention to a fresh growth of dainty white, or soft yellow ones, or more hardy looking "moth wings"—and bid me remember that they were not there a few days ago, and will soon be gone. I daresay the children may be right for they are diligent little students of Nature. Evan and Elisha the servants remark go "mooning" about together, all through the pleasant weather. The little fellows greet us with some new pleasure they have found with innocent joy beaming in their faces. They are shrewd observers too. It was Evan whose laugh rang through the woods when I bade the children trace the source of the delicious odour that was wafted to us. "Its a decayed cherry log, Mamma, and the damp warm wind brings the smell." It was Evan again who came to me withbutterflies perched on his tiny fist and flapping their wings as they crawled over his little blouse, and even half entangled among his clustering curls, seduced to light there by a tempting feast of mud held in the hollow of his hand. Evan has many little toad friends who suffer him to stroke their backs and ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F2_p169.jpg) carry them about. But Elisha is a little botanist, and has a "Botanic Garden". There the children trans- -plant every curious growth that strikes them, and the vagaries of their unchecked fancies are sufficiently amusing. Harry cares little for the plants. She makes little houses where Dollish colonies live whose family and national histories she can recount by the hour, and you can hear the dialogues she holds with and for her paper people full of shrewd sense and fun, and quite careless that no one is listening to her. Willie's establishment is a little apart, for he is too destructive in his propensities, and too eager in all his ways to be trusted among the treasures. Willie plants anything that strikes him. Evy says quietly, When I remonstrate with Will for pulling up his choice specimen in order to display it to me, Evan says "It makes no difference, Willie's plants are used to it, and besides it had no root!" Evan's garden is artistic. His deft fingers seem to injure no delicate root, and the dainty little ferns, and trailing vines he loves flourish well among his miniature hills, and reflect themselves in the (bits of broken mirror!) lakes bordered with moss that adorn his Eden. How happy he is when he finds that a squirrel has made one of his grottoes real ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F2_p170.jpg) A 49 126 by carrying off the nuts he had placed inside! In it Elisha's garden resembles Evan's, but that he aims less at producing a picture. His delight is to show that he has succeeded in coaxing some rare treasure vegetable plant to grow, and the long botanical names roll off his tongue trippingly. More even than his plants Elisha loves his pets. All creatures love him too, dear gentle heart. Little baby children toddle to his arms, and follow him uncalled: I mean not only those he knows but strangers. When the children go out, the pets seem to distinguish between their playing quietly under the trees or setting off for a walk. Then there is a rush of wings, Tommy the blue pigeon lights at their feet and accompanies them all the way, walking or flying as he pleases and cooing from the stumps he rests on. The cat comes along too, walking with her friend the dog, and the fawn comes bounding up. Sometimes the fawn, the dog and the children play "tag", the pets enjoying it as much as their patrons, and Tommy flying in delighted circles round them. I speak of the fawn and the dog, but already <(May 10> these friends of ours are gone. The fawn died just when I was beginning to dread his becoming an unsafe playmate for the ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F2_p171.jpg) 127 children. And Carlo the shepherd dog died since I began writing these pages, on the 28th of Feb- -ruary 1869, when we had learned to love him. our love for his intelligent face. We had resolved to treat him be intelligent ace like that of a friend. We as never dog was treated, for he had saved Tom's life. had resolved to treat him with the respect he deserved But before we had time to carry out our plans for for he had saved Toms life only a few weeks his benefit before we had time to show our gratitude before. But he died of Pleuro-pneumonia, and Tom I had him buried on the billside where he found Tom lying. Tom returned home f It was on a winter morning at five o'clock that Tom returned home from Philadelphia. Thinking he might possibly come I had ordered Thomas to be at the station with the sleigh but Thomas was lazy and was still in his warm bed when Tom left the station and plunged into the darkness to come home. The moon had gone down, the snow was very deep and was whirling before a fierce wind. (Every <2> trace of a path was smoothed over by the drifting snow) by <(At> the time Tom reached the foot of our hill.) Two or three times he recognised trees he knew, and once found himself just on the edge of the deep cut, but he lost himself again. 4 A.M. Decr. 28th. after a week of wretched rain in Phila. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F2_p172.jpg) A 51 Children But Tommy lives still, Tommy the dearest and best of pigeons. My husband provided Elisha with seven pairs of the most wonderful pigeons that could be found in Philadelphia, each pair more noted than the others for some "fancy" beauty. He thought Tommy would die of age and apoplexy, and that Elisha's heart would be consoled by the new pigeons. But the delicate little creatures could not stand our severe winter, although I had to give them a room in the house. Tommy staid out of doors, and instead of being pleased with his new comrades manifested a comical jealousy. Even now when we pause to admire one of the dainty little doves perched perhaps on a pinnacle of the roof, its pure whiteness relieved against the blue sky, Tommy steals up to it, and pushes it off, and then lights at our feet strutting and cooing proudly. Tommy is a common pigeon I believe and has been taught no ways tricks. His little ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F2_p173.jpg) ways are his own, and are we think prettier than anything he could be taught. To see Tommy tempts the children to a game of play by making little runs at their feet, and then and retreating, to hear him of a summer morning when he has found his way in through an open window coosng at the various doors until the children open to him. These do not seem to be very wonderful performances, yet we find them winning. And when we praise Tommy he shows his gladness so prettily! Indeed We shall miss him when he dies more than we should miss some of our human neighbours. Tom's dangerous adventure in the snowstorm could not properly be attributed to the wildness of our country. He might have lost his way in the darkness in such a storm and swooned from weariness in any country ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F2_p174.jpg) A 53 part of 134 135 It was only this winter that I felt we could call ourselves really civilised. I counted up seven sewing machines on Fraley Street which I thought proofs that ours were no longer rough backwoods people. And when an agent called from the Wheeler & Wilson Company, and after putting my machine in perfect order told me that Kane would henceforward be visited every three months by him, so that the machines should be always in repair. I was so exultant that I wrote to my sister, boasting of our civilised ways. Helen's reply arrived the very day that the Agent had applied for protection and advice to Tom. A "lady" to whom he was endeavoring to sell a machine conceived herself to be addressed with a double meaning, and called her husband who thrashed the poor old agent. Tom and I, as well as a "jury of matrons", that is to say the public opinion of Kane, declared him ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F2_p175.jpg) innocent, but he said he dared not come here any more. Then While these events Before we could forget the incident, another occurred which further shook my confidence in our tameness. Tom was suffering from neuralgia, and I was writing this paper beside his bed. He had just fallen asleep, when I heard a slight noise below. It is curious that one always recognises at once when the sound means Something wrong. My heart jumped into my mouth. "The kitchen chimney's on fire, and they are trying to put it out without disturbing Tom". I thought. I stole to the door, and met Martha. "Oh Mrs Kane come down". whispered she "there's something gone wrong". At the foot of the stairs stood a stout man, his hair disordered and his face purple, while his starting eyeballs and panting breath spoke of haste or fright. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F2_p176.jpg) A55 Part of 134 I recognised Mxxxx, the Superintendent of out Division, of the RRoad; and in an instant all the calamities that could possibly be told us by telegraph flashed into my mind. But why should Mxxxx be so scared! I asked "Anything wrong, Mr. Mxxxx?" "Yes, no, yes, for God's sake let me see the General" he answered, beginning to ascend the stairs. I was fleeter of foot than he, and gained a moment to wake Tom without startling him. Then I retreated and waited with extreme curiosity for some information. Soon Tom bade me tell the servants to know nothing of Mr. M's coming, if necessary they might say as from him that he was gone. He said he could not tell whether Mx was insane, or simply frightened out of his wits. At any rate he was in hiding here until he chose to go away. It was really comical to us who were ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F2_p177.jpg) not afraid in our own persons to remark the precautions Mxx insisted on having taken before he would venture down to meals, & the bolting of the shutters in our innocent house, whence we were used to let the light stream out as it would . The engineers say they liked to see the distant light sparkle from our hill top when they were toiling up towards Kane. Mx seemed satisfied that he was safe when the shutters were closed, though any one could have tilted the slats and fired through them. In the daytime one of us sat with in a darkened room lighted artificially, and if a child or servant entered he started and flushed violently. Another man, an ex- -cellent shot, but a mean and craven wretch, with whom he had had some difficulty had come to him as he went about his duties. He said "Mx I am going to shoot you, but as ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F2_p178.jpg) A57 Part of 134 all the trains depends on you I'll not have any blood but yours to answer for. So I'll give you five minutes to telegraph any special business." Mx was unarmed, he entered the telegraph office while J. stood rifle in hand before the only door and window on that floor. But even a Falstaff can be agile in the prospect of death. Mx dropped himself out of the back window in the second story and fled for his life to Tom. Tom went over to the station the second day, and frightened Jxxxx into believing that it was M.... who was thirsting for his blood. The two enemies dodged each other with great care for about a week after, and the end and wished to have Tom as second in a duel. The end of the matter was that the two enemies promised each would spare the other, if that other would spare him. Less than three weeks after, Martha the maid said to me, "Mrs Kane there's another ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F2_p179.jpg) of their queer scared looking men in the kitchen. He asked for the General; and then got right behind the door." Tom went to him into the school-room, presently sending for food and money. As the man quitted the house, I heard him say "General, you don't know how I did sweat coming up the hill, It occurred to me all of a sudden that maybe you wasn't at home, and how glad I was to see you through the window." I daresay the cheerful group round the library table, and the blazing fire were a very pretty sight-but since then I have the shutters closed at nightfall when Tom is away, for who can tell what creature may be looking in! Tom told me to ask him no questions when he came in but two days after he said, Bess, I may not tell you the particulars, but since he is safe ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F2_p180.jpg) A59 now from pursuit, I will tell you this much. The man [who was here] thought he was a mur- -derer. He did not know whether his victim was quite dead or not. I did not know him, but he said one of my old captains had spoken of me to him once, and he thought he would seek me out. I could not do otherwise than to give him something, and hide him for a time. I wondered where Tom had hidden him, but my convictions of our civilised state had so dwindled away that I silently assured myself there were enough of our citizens who knew how to hide or protect a fugitive from justice at Tom's bidding. Tom went away from home next day, and I suppose his "friend" is in safety. By the by, I wonder if Our he is the odd-looking stranger at Jervis's! Our climate too is not yet as tame a one Tom's dangerous adventure in the snowstorm could not properly be attributed to the ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F2_p181.jpg) wildness of our country. He might have lost his way in the darkness in such a storm, and swooned from weariness in any land. But I shudder to think how long that snow lay. The drifts are only disappearing now in April. Had Carlo not discovered him the swoon would have passed into death, and we might have searched for him in vain, while his body lay frozen almost beneath our feet. We have a hereditary right to dread this fearful death, for our fathers and mothers often told us the fate of our great-grand-aunt Grant in the days of the family Hegira after the Revolution began in America. Our people were Tories we confess with shame. Our great aunt Morrison wrote a family Narrative for Tom from which I transcribe the story. "Within ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F2_p182.jpg) A 60 142 over a tavern fire But I tremble to think how long that snow lay. The drifts are only disappearing now in April. Had Carlo not discovered him the swoon would have passed into death, and we might have mourned him in vain while his body lay frozen almost beneath our feet. It was not obliged to consider his ad- -venture a proof that we were still uncivilised Our climate too is not yet so civilised as we could wish. In winter it certainly Our climate, it must be confessed, is a rigorous one. I have passed over our troubles in plastering the house in winter. And yet they were such as would not occur in an old settlement. We had to take the Palasterer when we could get him, which happened to be in January. When he brought his hands the weather was so bitterly cold that we feared to have them begin, but neither he nor we could afford to keep them men idle. We had stoves in the rooms, and ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F2_p183.jpg) box piper leading heated air from them and from the heated air registers into the rooms that were coldest. In spite of all our efforts there were places where the frost would penetrate, and there we scraped the frost off, and ironed the plaster inch by inch. When we reached the tower room in the attic Mr. Y. arrived from Phila. He laughed at our contrivances with good humored superiority, and said we were behind the age. The way was to freeze the plaster hard! Accordingly the fires were extinguished and the biting winter wind admitted freely, and we joined with Mr Y. in lamenting that there was only this one room left to try so successful an experiment. It was completely successful in spots! The only drawback was that every two or three yards there would be a space where the plaster fell off, and as a uniform ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F2_p184.jpg) with consistent firmness to a few ugly corners 137 144 with consistent funiness to a few ugly corners surface is desirable, perhaps it was after all as well that the only room so plastered was in the lofty tower Mr. Y. however had a philosophical reason to explain away every weak place, and said he would like nothing better than to have a chance to try the plaster of the Hotel. meant to plaster the hotel in that fashion. by this al fresco method. Unfortunately an opportunity was afforded him; his work having I may say however that when he did been kept back until the following winter. I visited the Building myself to see plaster the hotel a new stove roaring in every one of the hundred rooms. He said when I asked him the reason, that The Stoves would have to be purchased some time, and upon the it would be well to test the draught of the chimneys and dry the woodwork thoroughly whole he thought the work would dry more quickly. it would be well to test the draught of the chimneys & dry the woodwork thoroughly If it did not dry it could not have been for lack of fuel— for all the stoves were sold for old iron when the plastering was done, having become hopelessly cracked by overheating. Mr. Y. is an experienced builder. But one would rather he tried his experiments on another than oneself. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F2_p185.jpg) As a Corporation has no soul it was well therefore that the stove experience should be theirs, and that upon their buildings he should try the paper roofing materially, which so soon flapped dismally in the autumn wind and rain. We tried at his recommendation to line a room or two with the paper, but it was a failure. I wonder whether the patentee gave him a Commission for introducing it! Before the house was finished I grew a little uncertain of Mr. Y's certainties, and when he displayed the pretty shavings of box, maple, walnut and cherry sent up by the Wood Hangings Company, I decidedly refused to be the first to try them on our walls. Tom, I think, was strongly tempted by them, for they would have suited so well with the beautiful moulding woodwork of our rooms. All our woodwork is of cherry, ash, chestnut, birch, etc, ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F2_p186.jpg) A E 4 146 from our own woods, and the effect of walls veneered with panels of the same would have been very beautiful. But Tom yielded to me. He said I should have my own way about it the house altogether. He would only be my first "Slave of the Lamp". And so the furnishing is my own fancy, save that Tom took up my crude ideas and harmonised them on wall and ceiling as he does my written ones on paper. He says my complete isolation from society has kept me from copying other people's houses, and made ours original. Want of means prevented me from going to the cities and laying in a stock of furniture after the mode of the day. I was compelled to rely upon what we owned, and this was fortunate for me. Such furniture as we had was either of solid richly carved old ma- ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F2_p187.jpg) -hogany, made in the Judge's youth by his direction and in the best taste of his day, or else the choicest pieces of our beautiful Girard Street plenishing, Tom's own taste. These were marqueterie and ormolu, and dark carved woods in- -laid with marble, the spoil of old French palaces. I had rooms enough to place each article where it looked its best, and by my hus- -band's advice, instead of supplying the pieces that were lacking from a New York cabinet maker's, I engaged the services of a queer Swedish cabinet Swedish fellow who had strayed up here and who made me quaint sideboards and buffets and tables of our native woods that gave character to the rooms. We had collected during our homeless days a quantity of beautiful ornaments, and these with Elisha's Arctic paintings, and ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F2_p188.jpg) A66 148 our family portraits, and a few choice paintings deck our walls. And we have a large library of books. With such possessions I could hardly fail to secure make pretty rooms. And I think no stranger enters the house without being struck by admiring it. Of course it is perfectly charming in my eyes, but then I should see beauty in any home that was gilded by the sunshine of my husband's loving presence. "Now that I have a horse and a mule everybody bids me good day," Tom often says when some valuable old book, or some family portrait is sent up to us. The old aunts Once There was a time when such tokens would have been of importance to us, , acting as buoys to keep us [---] now they think our house in the best Museum they can keep them in—that's all. in the world's eyes. Now those who send them [The following is written sideways in left margin] Our House has become the best Museum they can find to keep them in [---] ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F2_p189.jpg) seek to have them preserved where there is an ap- -pearance that the craft will keep above water by its own staunchness. Tom feels this a little with a certain amount of bitterness, but there is something touching in it to me. Americans have as much pride of birth as any people can have and will look up to the Head of the Family with loyalty but he must first prove himself the Head. In their day I suppose the Van Rensselaer and Livingstones who left their tame old countries behind were considered with a somewhat contempt- -uous pity by their less eccentric relatives. But when their feet were firmly planted in America, there was no lack of respect paid them, and their "eccentricity" was acknowledged to be "wisdom". It is natural that prudent people should wait to judge a man until he has proved himself. Those children of light ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F2_p190.jpg) A 68 150 who help a struggling man are not wise in their generation. He may sink, and embarrass her friends before they can extricate themselves. Timid people would like to help him on, but are held back by the opinion of others. And when he reaches land, how each hastens forward to show the oar, or the rope they had in his garment, ready in case of extremest need. "You have dry clothes at the inn? I am almost sorry, for here I had a coat I could have spared. Your house is furnished? I am almost sorry, for here is some ancestral bedding. Perhaps you can find room for it?" "No, I thank you, I don't need it but Yonder is poor Jack dripping wet. He would thank you for your dry clothes, your warm bedding "Ah Jack is unlucky always. He would just ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F2_p191.jpg) get wet again. I would like before I die to know my things are going to be kept safe from moth and rust!" get wet again. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F2_p192.jpg) A 70 152 When Aunt Ann paid us her first visit and saw my pretty parlours with their polished floors of cherry and chestnut, adorned with upon which I had spread rugs of bear and deerskins she lamented that she had sold her parlour carpet. "Child, if I had only known you would ever have such a house as this, I would not have sold it. Especially when it only brought a fourth of the price I paid!" A I heard I would have given it to you, do you hear, child?" I heard, and blessed my fortunate stars that had averted the gift. That parlor carpet! How well I remembered its gorgeous flowers, the pattern that sprawled all over the floor, without cut off by the walls before the design, had fully been represented. Aunt Ann always boasted that it gained a prize at The Exhibition. I suppose it must have been for the purity and depth of tone of its reds and blues ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F2_p193.jpg) for I remember how completely they killed the blue piano cover with its old faded yellow flowers. Aunt Ann never noticed the incongruity. I had coaxed her to buy a maroon cover but she al- ways put me down triumphantly conclusively. "Show me a brack in it, and I'll think of your maroon cover," she would say. My summer parlour has delicately tinted walls on which hang exquisite little arc paintings by Hamilton from Elisha's Arctic sketches. How the regard for Aunt Ann's feelings could have reconciled me to its admission. How the effect of the polar Icebergs would have been destroyed, and the glow of the Northern Lights quenched by that gorgeous carpet! Aunt Alida prays us to send for the old Rutsen ancestress' portrait from the Schuyler walls. It is hers, she says, and these Schuylers have gone down in the world. Aunt Ann reminds us that she always ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F2_p194.jpg) A 72 156 meant that her portrait by Sully should come to us, though it unfortunately happened to be sent to the rich F's country house in the days of our fortunes. Yes, my "eccentric genius" of a hus- -band is now acknowledged to be Head of the Family. Nowadays all America is Abolitionist Free Soil Slavery is abolished, the Soil is Free, the States are gradually adopting the Consti- -tutional Amendment which gives the Right of Suffrage to the Black Man. Utah is powerful —In short "respectable and prudent people" have ranged themselves where Tom and his "queer friends" stood to be pilloried in former years. Even Our relations are even forgetting how lately they blamed him for "making that poor young wife of his associate with those horrible Female ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F2_p195.jpg) Medicals", and some of those who most loudly asserted that I should lose all delicacy of tone are proud to claim my friendship. Women who denounced my studies most vehemently come to me now with wistful faces. Into my ears they pour the sad stories of unnecessary sufferings, born of igno- -rance, endured through a delicacy that could not bear to reveal them to a man = male doctor When I am at the sick-bed of a friend, I am secretly amused to find those very men, who abused us most roundly, giving their directions to me, looking to me for the account of symp- -toms, and practically taking me into consultation. My experience is only a straw which shows how the wind blows. A few days ago I received a letter which drew happy tears from my eyes. I copy it here, for the day will come when it will be an honour ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F2_p196.jpg) A 74 156 to have possessed the friendship of Ann Preston. And yet I have endured a petty persecution of pin pricks for daring to receive her on terms of equality in my house! 1015 Cherry Street Philadelphia March 31.st 1869 My dear Mrs Kane, I wonder if you know how much pleasure your letter of December last afforded me, or with what frequency and affection my thoughts go over mountains and fields to you? Many rich blessings and dear friends have been given to me, but your friendship, coming early in my struggles in this city, and coming from one whom I could so truly love and admire has ever had a peculiar sacredness and charm. I send you our College Announcement and Hospital Report. By reference to the third ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F2_p197.jpg) page of the Cover of the former you will perceive that among our consulting physicians at the Hospital is your old friend Dr S. Weir Mitchell. I met him yesterday at the Hospital for the first time and we spoke of you in such terms as friends may speak of the loved and absent. I liked him the better because his words showed that he appreciated you." (Weir! He who turned on his heel and quitted the sick-room to which he was summoned in consultation when he found that the doctor in attendance was a woman. Mrs. Cleveland was then Miss Horton, and I remember well the indignation she expressed to us students when she came into the College. I wonder if Weir has forgotten it!) "It is perfectly surprising even to some of us who have worked in the faith of "the better time" when prejudice should be overcome, to see the rapid change in professional sentiment. It was only the first Saturday this year that Mrs Cleveland and myself feeling that the time had come took some 15 well trained ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F2_p198.jpg) A 76 158 students to the clinic at Blockley "not knowing the things that should befal us there". When Dr Stille' on his entering and looking round commenced his prefatory remarks with "ladies and gentlemen", and ended them by saying he welcomed the ladies to the clinics of the Phila Hospital" we were as much surprised as gratified. Week by week until the close of our session from thirty to forty of the ladies of our school attended these Saturday clinics, receiving only courtesy, and exhibiting a trained self command that made us proud of the class. And we, we who had worked and waited so long; we could only thank God who forevermore vindicates the truth and sustains the feeblest instruments, we could only say "Why should we ever in the darkest days distrust the triumph of right over wrong, or fear that evil should prevail?" xxxxx So she ends, with a pretty ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F2_p199.jpg) 157 mention of the bay window of her office in the home she has earned by her own work, and the green gardens it overlooks. She at any rate has kept her refinement, and her poetical feelings, and is still the quiet little Quaker lady who won my girlish admiration years ago. Yes, I might end my writing by saying that our work is done, and that the "causes" in which we strove are triumphant, but I would rather say If "this work is com- plete, He who invited us to labor in His vineyard still says "Lift up your eyes, and look on the fields; for they are white already to harvest". I thank Him who spares my husband to me and enables us to work together. May He bless our labors in such of the coming years as He leaves to us here! April 11th. 1869 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F3_p001.jpg) Kane Passing Wilcox we began the ascent through unbroken hemlock forests changing as we ascended, somewhat to our surprise to deciduous words. In about half an hour we reached the upland plateau called the Big Level, passing a quarry of freestone on our left. Then came a brick kiln. These desirable adjuncts to a town which expects to grow, furnish each an excellent quality of its own style of building material. The bed of brick clay extends over many acres, and is of good thickness. Of the stone we shall speak elsewhere. In two or three minutes after passing the brickyard we came upon some newly cleared fields, a road leading up into the back country, and then we caught a glimpse of the tower and gables of Kane's new mansion crowning the slope of a long but gentle elevation. He is making the attempt to retain the natural forest around his house, only opening vistas in various directions, instead of the wholesale destruction caused by a "thorough" clearing. If wind and fire do not defeat him, his place will be unrivalled, nature and time having done work for the landscape gardener that no money could furnish. But the Yankee utilitarians on the cars seemed to consider it an expensive whim, as he "didn't even use the splendid sugar bush" round the house. The woods almost instantly closed our view again, but as the whistle sounded for Kane station we saw ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F3_p002.jpg) on our right in a pretty sheltered glen a cluster of houses surrounding the tramways and trestles of a fine steam sawmill. The mill machinery also drives a sash and blind factory, lath machine, and planer. At a short distance from the mill stood are a Steam Lumber Dryer, and a blacksmiths forge. There is also a log hut serving as the only Protestant place of worship in the settlement. The principle of the McKean & Elk Co. being generally Quakers are averse to giving money for such purposes, but we understand a movement is on foot among the Protestant inhabitants to secure a proper building. Behind the Mill Hollow rises a beautiful grove between it and the town site. upon It is reserved as a park enclosure for the Hotel. We now flashed out upon the broad clearing made for the town, and after a comfortable meal at the temporary refreshment station walked out to look round us. The town site belongs equally to General Kane and the McKean & Elk Land & Improvement Company, and they are determined to spare no pains to secure its a fine future. They have granted a long strip to the RailRoad Co. for RailRoad purposes, the principal part of which is at the end of the town furthest from the Hotel that quiet may be secured for the summer visitors . We first bent our steps accordingly towards the repair Shops and roundhouse of the Company picking our way through a maze of tracks and sidings which. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F3_p003.jpg) on our right in a sheltered glen a cluster of houses surrounding the tramways and trestles of a fine steam saw mill. The machinery also drives a sash and blind factory, lath machine and planer. At a short distance from the mill are a steam lumber dryer and a blacksmith's forge. There is also a log hut serving as the only Protestant place of worship in the settlement. The principles of the McKean & Elk Land and Improvement Company the principal owners of land here who are generally Quakers are averse to giving money for such purposes, but we understand a movement is on foot among the Protestant settlers to secure a proper building. Behind the Mill hollow rises a beautiful grove between it and the town site. It is reserved as a park enclosure for the Kane Hotel. We now flashed out upon the broad clearing made for the town, and after a comfortable meal at the temporary refreshment station walked out to look round us. The town site belongs equally to General Kane and the McKean & Elk Land and Improvement Company, and they appear resolved to spare no pains to secure it a sound future. They have granted a long strip to the Penna Rail- Road Company for RailRoad purposes, the prin- -cipal part of which is at the end of the town furthest from the Hotel that quiet may be secured for the summer visitors of the place. We first bent our steps accordingly towards the machine shop and Round House of the RR. Company picking our way through a maze of tracks and sidings which separate ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F3_p004.jpg) separate the two sides of the RRoad almost as much as a brook that needs fording. The shops and Round House are built with freestone from the quarry we passed which is the property of the McK&E L&I. Co. and do great credit to the RR. Co. The stone is of a beautiful pale reddish gray colour very soft at first to work but becoming hard after a short exposure to the air. The RR. Company always have locomotives stabled at this point. There is also a weighing scale here, and as the freight trains and market cars stop at Kane overnight, business facilities are afforded which shippers can appreciate. It is intended that the town shall spread entirely on the East side of the Rail- -Road. A slight rise of ground immediately on the RR. slopes very gently down into an amphitheatre drained by the waters of Kenjua. The houses for the RR. employe's who need to be close to the RR. and shops are to be on the first street occupying the rise, but the larger streets and finer buildings will circle round the slope removed thus far from the noise and smoke on the RR. There are many shanties on the RR. Co's Reservation, and only a few houses and stores as yet in the town, but these are nice buildings and we found that the mill was busily preparing mouldings and sash for others in the spring. The Roman Catholics have a pretty little church painted a buff that contrasted with the exquisite clearness of the blue sky almost stingingly as we passed by. We were told that it is well filled on Sundays. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F3_p005.jpg) Sundays. During the week school is held there. There are two or three boarding houses but they are so filled with employees of the Company that transient guests are hardly tolerated and the unfortunate visitor your correspondent is made to desire feelingly the completion of the Hotel whose towering height seems to be in front of you whichever way you go. The trustees of the town are said to prefer delaying its growth a little to secure the better classes of citizens, and they will sell no lots to parties who will not give bonds not to vend liquor, though they have had many applications. The rejected applicants have established themselves on lands just beyond the Company's on the West side of the RR. and in Whiskeytown as this suburb is called where night is made hideous unchecked you may obtain a straw bed in a cabin loft. And you may try to sleep. Between Whiskeytown and the RRoad strip the trustees have laid out an 80 acre park where the primeval forest is to be preserved forever. Part of this faces the Hotel, and at this point it is con- -templated to open a great vista through it. In addition to this Park the grove behind the Hotel and between it and the Hollow upon which the piazzas of the Ladies side of the house open is to be enclosed and kept for the use of the boarders. The Hotel ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F3_p006.jpg) for their reception. This place has a great ad- -vantage over ordinary mountain resorts in being placed in a lovely and fertile country. The noble woods are traversed in every direction by bridle paths allowing visitors to ride in the shade at noonday for miles. No more romantic lover's walks can be found in any country. Another great blessing is the inimunity the Level enjoys from poisonous vines, & laurel bushes, and from any harmful snake. The sportsman will still find game abundant, from the pheasant wild pigeon and woodcock to the fox porcupine and deer, although venison is shipped from the station every winter by the car load. Occasionally a hunter catches a wolf or a bear but these cannot be promised to the amateur of the Winkle type. The last elk were seen in the summer of 1861. Last autumn a magnificent specimen of the Great White Owl was sent from here to Philadelphia measuring from wing tip to wing tip. The trout streams are still unfished. The Level (a fact which might be cited to prove the character of the soil) was erst a favorite hunting ground of the Seneca Indians, parties of whom still come over from their Reservation to camp out and hunt every year ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F3_p007.jpg) The prairie lands of the West have been providentially intended for the reception of the indigent working man desiring to own an independent home. He finds his farm ready cleared, almost ready made, and if he can support himself for a single season, the summer brings him a return for the crop which he has planted in the spring. We have a surplus farming population however East men desiring to remove to a new country although they are not without capital. The class of emigrants from Europe, too, is improving in its character. Large numbers of them are coming to our shores, who are far from penniless. The question has long been a serious one whether such parties do best to seek their fortunes in the Far West. The West has many drawbacks. - the fertile West that far from being a salubrious residence for those who remove to it from long settled, well drained and upland countries. If a man has capital enough to make himself such a farm as he would like to own and transmit to his descendants to be lived upon by them the question should be maturely weighed if the West is the best place for him to invert his life in. What is the first essential to Life Property and the pursuit of Happiness. The climatic and other hygenic influences are so unrivalled that we will make them the subject of another letter. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F3_p008.jpg) The people of this country will have the best food to eat the best water to drink and the best of air to breathe. We spoken elsewhere of its vegetable products—carrots, beets, and other root crops give decidedly more sugar the hay too is sweeter, is more relished by stock and is said to give bring more fat, weight for weight. The same would seem to be true of the grass. All kinds of stock do well. Horses & cattle grow large. A healthier country for sheep does not exist upon the globe. It is wonderful to see how a few weeks of pasture will set the tallow on their ribs brought in from a distance . Now that the nonsense about mineral waters or impure waters is nearly exploded its abundant supply of pure water cannot be too highly valued . The best medical authorities nowadays, not to speak of men of common sense, consider any water which is not the best bad water. Let us consider in turn the air and climate. Kane is about 25 miles from the S.E. corner of Cha- -tauqua County and as the climate of the latter is highly extolled it will be well to establish the points of resemblance by enumerating their points of difference. K The Big Level at Kane is 2008 <2006> feet above tide about the average height of S. E. Chalauqua. It is higher than Western Chalauqua— about as much higher as the difference in latitude the temperature is being lowered by its height about as much as it is raised by its difference in latitude. But it is less subject to the effect of the winds from the prairie and Lake Erie wh. are so much fell westward of it. But it is not subject to the winds which visit the Lake Shore Country so roughly. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F3_p009.jpg) There is rather more rainfall—not much more snow probably if any; but it remains on the ground through out the winter, and fall wheat is not subject to winter kill or being turned out of the ground by the frost. In every other respects the climate will compare most favorably with W. Chatauqua and the enquirer may consult with confidence the works of Dr. J. Fran Drake and others upon all particular. The works of Dr R S M Jackson other authorities strongly recommend the delightful Climate of Cresson upon the Penna RR Cresson has been for several years crowded to overflowing by valetudinarian from the East and West and the profits of the Hotel there have been very large. The air of Cresson is however inferior to that of Kane and probably for the following casues . Cresson is in a comparatively broken country. It is but a short distance from the eastern escarpment of the Alleghany Mountain. It has nearly the same attitude as Kane but is 500ft below the ridge near it where the RR passes in a tunnel. Kane is situated on a plateau more than a hundred miles west (by the P&E RR.) of the Eastern elevation of the Alleghng. Although no part of the plateau attains the elevation of the Allegheny ridge near Cresson the average elevation of the Country is greater. This facts that it has more than a degree more North latitude that the country West of it is all lower, descends to the Lake will explain the greater freshness of the <[--] of the> Big Level. It is more equable also The prevailing currents of the summer winds being unin- ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F3_p010.jpg) (d -terrupted by projecting elevations or influenced by the eddies which we may believe are formed in all deep valleys. We have not a doubt that the great Hotel at Kane will be more crowded with guests than that at Cresson. It is much against Cresson its being off the line of summer travel. West of Cresson there is nothing to interest the tourist but Pittsburg the manufacturing City of Pittsburg which is certainly neither cool nor cleanly: while Kane is but 95 miles from Erie, not much farther from Buffalo, only 35 miles in a straight line from Chalauqua Lake. It is almost upon the direct line to Niagara Falls and Canada and so forth By the newly opened RR. connections from New York the traveller entering the mountains upon the Lehigh keeps among them till he descends upon the Lake Country the West Branch of the Susquehanna. I run Williamsport his journey is a about uninterupted ascent to Kane. He runs about 1900 feet and falls scarcely 300: he may rely upon meeting mountain air when he enters the allyhence's near Lockhaven. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F3_p011.jpg) The Hotel stands back from the RR about 80 feet and on an elevated terrace approached by a broad flight of stone steps. The piazzas run completely across the front and along the Ladies side. All the RR. business will be transacted in the lower part of the wing adjoining the town leaving the rest of the building free to the boarders. The Hotel is four stories high, and 152 feet front & 112 feet in depth. The style is simple but elegant, the recessing of the main building, the airy piazzas and balcony and the mansard roof serving to relieve the solidity of the great building . The dining room is to be 90 feet in length by 40 in width. The rooms will be in number and are so arranged that each can have its fire place. The Hotel will be a children's paradise as the grove behind it allows of their playing in the open air through the long summer day Invalids can be brought up from Phila. and New York in the sleeping cars without being moved except to carry them upstairs to the Hotel and the summer heats are deprived of their victim. The applications for summer board last year would have filled the Hotel if it had been prepared for ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F3_p012.jpg) II 2 upland My last letter left us on our road up to Williamsville. We had passed Teutonia, and about a mile farther on, a sawmill of the Teutonians the ruined machinery lying on the ground, with sheep resting from the heat in what would have been the busiest part of the mill. Hundreds of logs lay rotting where they had been placed in readiness for sawing, and two or three cottages, with door and window open to the wind and rain, were the last we saw of the settlement as we descended into the next valley. About five o'clock we climbed the our last long ascent, and came upon a large clearing of some 200 acres. The greater part was in grass land, but in the midst stood a low white cottage, with its little garden, its group of trees, orchard and barn. It was the cheeriest looking little place we had yet seen. And here Mr L promised said, was to be our summer home. Our hostess' kind greeting over, she showed us our neat little bedrooms, and nice parlour opening on the piazza. After a little time given us to wash and rest, we were summoned to supper, which was eaten with a zest, new to city folk. Mrs—said she was afraid she could not suit our palates easily, they had no spices, little white sugar, and no fresh meat, unless a hunter brought a deer, or a bear, or a dish of trout. However, we have been here six weeks and she has given us from her simple resources an endless variety of dishes. Maple sugar at once sweetens and gives a delicious flavor to her puddings, trout and venison we have as often as we need them, we have delicious milk cream eggs butter and cheese—and more than all mountain appetites. Then to think of the delightful sleep at night, always under blankets, the bracing air, and the overflowing spirits you enjoy! Oh It is delightful. You want to know what society there is? Well, three miles from here, in a little red house lives the postmaster whose pretty young daughter teaches in the ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F3_p013.jpg) little school. Eight miles off lives our host's son, and in the "Hollow" about a mile and a half from here, are two little taverns, and the blacksmith's. So that all? I suppose so, if society be here classed as divided into the "Painted House-ites" and the "Log hutters", We of the Painted Houses constitute the Protestant popu- lation, the twelve or fourteen log houses scattered through the woods are mostly German settlers from the Catholic village of St Mary's 14 miles off. There is no Protestant place of worship nearer than Smethport 20 miles off, but the Catholics have a little chapel about 3 miles from here. Formerly, that is to say over twenty years ago, it was supposed that this place would settle up as quickly as any other part of the state. Our host settled here in the wilderness, bringing a number of others with him. They commenced clearings, and marked off roads, hoping for a rail-road soon. But these place counties were bought up by large pro- prietors who with short-sighted policy resolved to hold on to their lands, making no improvements, and expecting their lands to rise in price with the settling up of the lands round them. The tide of emigration meeting this rock ahead, quietly surrounded it, and flowed westward to more inviting prospects. Most of the Protestant settlers finding these large non- -resident proprietors made no efforts to get rail-roads and to open up the great mineral resources of the country, went onwards to the west, and the disheartened remnant prepared to end their days in a wilderness still. Quite lately two Land Companies have been commencing to improve the Lands. One is the St. Mary's and the other the McKean and Elk. I hear that they are obliged by their charter to sell off half their land in ten years. A wise proviso, for the recent discovery of large veins of coal throughout the latter Co's property must make them wish to hold on, and mine for their own benefit. Since we came here the Sunbury and Erie R.R. have determined to run through this part of the country which will soon bring prosperity with it. They have selected however a most incomprehensible ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F3_p014.jpg) route, taking an unnecessary dip down to pass through Ridgway, going out of their way, and making a very difficult tunnel. I say an incomprehensible route. People up here say, a very comprehensible one, They hint that a great New York firm exercise a great deal of discrimination in influencing the adoption of a line to pass through their property. They say they have not influence enough to represent the claims of the nearer and easier road, as they are poor, and the great non-resident proprietors don't seem to care. I don't know why the Mc. K. and E. Co do not interfere. This straight road would open a mar- -ket to their immense coal fields. Once opened, whew how property will rise! I hope—this is not patriotic but intensely selfish, that the present route will be adopted. Then I know where I can show L- the loveliest spot on the Mc. K. and E's land which we can get for a summer home, for half the price it would cost if the short road which would pass near it, were adopted. Meanwhile, this part of the country grows wilder every year. More bears and wolves have been seen within the last two years than in twenty years before. The professed hunters have gone away, so the wild beasts breed unchecked. I don't think I ever heard anything so dismal as the wolves howling at night! I haven't seen any yet, though there have been numbers about. I should not wonder if a few years brought numbers of Philadelphians up here for the summer. The Sunbury and Erie Rail Road will so shorten the distance, and it will be such a place for beautiful sites, and it is so healthy. I was so thankful that Landons little girl were up here, when I read of the sickness in Philadelphia this summer. I grew so tired of taking drives up and down the one turnpike that I coaxed L to drive me through a country road to the "Hollow" one afternoon. I think if I had known what sort of a road it was when I started, I should have turned back and so missed a lovely view. First, we drove through a grass field—very well. Then we picked our way ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F3_p015.jpg) a field full of stumps, logs, and blackberry bushes. Then we got fairly into the woods - gr. gr. gr. That is the right wheel on a block of sandstone. Now, the left goes high up over a stump. Now, you are literally "riding on a rail" for two of your wheels are up on a log, and two on the ground, and you can hardly get off. Now you settle quietly into a mud hole. Now you try how you like going into one abruptly. And so on. This is a carriage road. Then there are "cow path roads," and "blazed roads" which I leave to the imagination. But then how glorious these woods are! Such noble trees, and rich undergrowth, and ferns carpeting the road side so picturesquely, mingled with garlands of club mosses, and tufts of a beautiful white flower, called the Dalibarda. It grows among mossy banks in such places as you alas find quantities of wintergreen. Its flowers through larger, being like those of the winter green in shape and size, have the velvety whiteness of the wintergreen. Its leaves are something like those of the violet. Here too are tuft of the Canada violet, sweet scented little thing with its violet cup white-lined. Have you come out on a spring gushing from the hillside. First your eye is caught by a tall Monarda with its crimson crown. Then in this damp place are two beautiful flowers, one the white orchis named "Platanthesa Orbiculata" its spike of greenish white flowers looking so fair beside the pretty purple petals of the "Platanthera Himbriata" Then there are large elder bushes with bunches of beau- -tiful coral berries. They say they are poisonous here, I do not know, but I think they would make a beautiful ornamental shrub in our part of the country. Then matting all the underwood together comes the beautiful, but annoying "Witch Hopple," (Vibernum lan- -tanoides), with its six inch leaves and blackish crimson berries. Now we come out upon a small clearing. A German woman comes forward to take down the bars and let us through, accompanied by two little girls and a baby. Our thanks expressed, we drove up a hill above this settlement in order "to see where we were". We stood overlooking the Clarion Valley, two screens of forest covered mountain, and a distant moun ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F3_p016.jpg) -tain background. In the foreground a cleared field tall purple spikes of the Great Willow Herb rising among the black stumps, and one solitary tree left when its companions were cut down, rising 80 ft before it branhes branches. From its leafy top birds were circling out into the sky, secure in their high nests from any risk of shot. And what a strange sky! The sinking sun was behind us on our left, and from the misty orange of the West streamed up a great ribbon of pure blue, until it melted into the azure lift overhead. The zodiacal lights! But L said he had never seen them so distinct. On our right lay the valley in which the settlement nestled, into which we now began to descend. As we passed the settlement in German woman's house one of the little girls ran out with a bouquet of flowers for each of us. Before we left the clearing we paused again to look round, and wish we could photograph the scene. This wild sunset streaming down the valley, and lighting up the two rough log huts with their flaxen haired inhabitants, from the fair fat baby, to the white capped grandame at the cottage door—only to throw into deeper gloom the forest gorge into which we were entering, with the red cattle coming slowly homewards. It was so beautiful! We were a long time coming down the valley so that when we reached the "Hollow" at its foot the twilight was coming. Winding slowly up the long hill, on whose top we live, we had every now and then, a beautiful view of the dark mountains, the lurid light still resting on their tops, while the Clarison glancing up from its winding bed, made gleams of light through the blue mist that was rising from the valley, enshrouding the tiny village. A man sat milking his cow, in the center of the one street. No one wondered. Why? Because there are but three houses in the village besides his tavern. There the stage halts to dine. So he is an aristocrat, and sets the fashion. Ever yours Ec ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F3_p017.jpg) 1856 1856 I contains Teutonia Boil down 1st page II At "Wmsoille". ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F4_p001.jpg) General Kane adopted McKean County as his permanent home in the year 1863. on his return from In The Southwest corner of the county was crossed by the line of the Sunbury & Erie RR. which had been cut through the forest during his absence at the front in the Civil War. The Railroad was not yet in running order, and access to his new home was gained by a contractor's road joining the turnpike at from Buena Vista, (now Wilcox) to Smethport at Fletcher's farm, or White's Corners, (now Hazlehurst). There were three or four rude farms at Howard Hill, (now Mount Jewett), but these had been abandoned by the original possessors, and new settlers had not yet come in. Except for these beginnings of civilization the aboriginal forest seemed unbroken for many miles in every direction. Yet the first years of our stay reveal- -ed traces of past history, connecting the early comings of white settlers in the West with ancient peoples, perhaps the same tribes as the mound Buil- -ders of Ohio. About a hundred feet from the site chosen for our dwelling there was a line of old blazes marking an long abandoned trail running N.E. and S.W. our place was almost at the junction of Warrants 3166, 3175 and but these blazes were no surveyors' marks. Follow ing them about half a mile towards the north ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F4_p002.jpg) we came to an extensive camping ground in which grass and oats still struggled for exis- -tence against the shadows of the second growth trees which were then at least thirty to forty years old. This was the old Kittanning Camp ground, which had been a resting and refitting place for emigrants on their way from the State of New York at Olean Point to Kittanning, once a prominent Indian village be- -fore the massacre. I was told During a visit to Utah in 1873 by Lorenzo Young, a brother of Brigham Young's, who was then about seventy years old, that in his youth he had two or three times made the trip from his home in Western New York to Pittsburg over the Kittanning trail, and that it was then a passable wagon road. In those days the Indians put fire through the woods nearly every year, and it kept down the underbrush without doing much harm to the trees. Consequently grass grew in every vacant space to which the sun had access, and at the our Kittanning Camp ground there was good grass and a large springs of delicious water, (now utilized by the dwellers in East Kane). Wagon trains would rest there for several days before making the descent to the Allegheny at Kittanning. Fully a mile from the camp ground one of the men employed in building the railroad engine house had a little shanty and began making ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F4_p003.jpg) a garden. In turning up the soil he unearthed two cannon-balls, weighing about twenty pounds each. General Kane said they were of very old make as the numerous inequalities in them had been filled up with lead as was once the custom. This spot was not on the trail; and perhaps these balls had been stolen by the Indians from the French expedi- -tion that went to mark out the lines claimed by France. Our neighbourhood was a favorite hunting ground of the Indians—Senecas I think, and General Kane allowed the claim which they made that a hunting right had been reserved to them by treaty. When we first came to Kane some Indians still came annually and camped near us—unromantic, sturd dirty fellows they were, "sturdy beggars" as we would have called them , insisting on having white sugar, and similar delicacies given them to carry off in their dingy sacks, and un- willing to eat at our servants' table, who on their part only too gladly served them at a special table set out on the porch instead of in the clean kitchen. It is almost forty years ago, and one of these old men was a grandson of Mary Jemison the White Captive of the Genessee, who, stolen as a child during one of the massacres of white settlers, grew up and married among the Indians, and ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F4_p004.jpg) cast in her lot with them, when peace was made and the white captives given up. Two others were grandsons or great grandsons of the brave Indian, Jacobs, who perished with his men in the flaming building which they were defending during the Kittanning massacre. These creatures of the forest do not take kindly to civilization, and I never could bring myself to entertain sentimental feelings towards them in their degraded estate. In the woods on that part of our town site which is now at the intersection of Hacker Street and Biddle, a hunter found a curious place where the earth had been thrown up in a circle about forty feet in diameter, still making a noticeable bank although well grown trees had sprung up on it. It is on the ridge which terminates somewhat abruptly at the site of our present house, and which curves, rising gradually to the height on which our first home stood, called by the Indians Nun- dah-deh. But the fortification, if such it were is over the crest of the hill and would be easily commanded from it, and although there was a tolerably good spring close by, there were far finer ones as well placed in the neigh- -bourhood. So its reason for being there is inexplicable. There were two others further South, and General Kane thought that ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F4_p005.jpg) they might have belonged to a chain of posts of observation or defence against rival tribes. One was about nine miles from here. The other, Dr. Thomas L. Kane who visited it tells me was about 18 miles from here near Chaffee's Siding of the Pittsburg, and Western RRoad. It really seemed to have had some purpose in its construction for it was placed on a hill promontory in a commanding position. It occupied a circle of about 75 to 100 feet in diameter and had a bank of about three feet high with the dirt thrown outward. In this ditch and in the ring, although there were no signs of fire on the standing timber, yet the stones were all burnt red, as though at some distant period they had been thoroughly baked. Dr. Kane found no large stones, only broken fragments none bigger than twice the size of his hand. A large maple over two feet in diameter was growing on the top of the bank at one place, not as if dirt had been thrown round it, but as if it had started upon the bank. Also he noticed another hard wood tree about 1 foot in diameter growing on the top of a cradle knoll, which knoll had ap- -parently been formed by another tree that had grown upon the bank. Quite a number of other trees were in the circle and had grown upon ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F4_p006.jpg) the bank. Two other straight ditches with accompanying banks were thrown across the neck of the ridge further back, say twenty and forty rods respectively. I have a recollection, but it is not sufficiently positive to decide in which of the enclosures it was, that the hunter, Charley Jones, said that he found a shallow pit, and in it at the bottom on removing the fallen leaves there were burnt stones and calcined bones. I think that this was in the place here in Kane by the Hacker Street spring, near Joshua Davis house Bryn Top. And that is all the history I know of concerning this region except what we made our- -selves by coming here in the days when deer and pheasants and trout abounded, when wolves and bears were frequently seen, and the great flocks of wild pigeons visited us every year. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F5_p001.jpg) Summer 1864 CHAPTER I IN MAVIN VALLEY It was in the summer of 1864 that we finally turned our backs on the old Philadelphia life. Not to go to our new home at once: it still existed only on paper. The perspective drawing hung in Miss Barrett's little parlor, and I cheered myself through the long still summer days by glancing at it and thinking that the Autumn would see us safely housed. We were made as comfortable at the Barretts' as their means of accommodating us permitted. But it was only a little road- side inn, without a tree to overhang its shadeless roof, and the sunshine reverberated hotly from the hill ranges that shut us in. Sometimes even the mountain air failed to keep my little ones from murmuring. "The leeks and the onions and the garlic" of Greenwood were remembered fondly by my delicate Evan, who, accustomed to Aunt Ann's tender petting, lost strength and appetite ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F5_p002.jpg) under a protracted regimen of Pork and Veal. The other children forgot how they had chafed when compelled to remain indoors in the carefully darkened rooms at Greenwood, and reminded me of the shady trees under which they played at evening. Well I remembered the damp cool shades, and the agues that beset us there; the reaches of flat meadow land, the distant peeps of the river and of the slow gliding sails that marked its course even where the low banks hid it from our sight. I preferred to walk up and down the dusty Marvin Road in the delicious sunset hours, anticipating the Saturday that would bring Tom, and to sit in the cool evening on the doorstep watching the swallows darting from the barn, the skies changing from their sunset glory to the twilight shades, the flitting bats, and then the stars coming out above the dark hills beyond which I knew my mate was preparing our nest. "Do you live here, my little man?" asked ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F5_p003.jpg) -3- a passing traveller of Evan one day. "No" said the child innocently," my old home is at Green- wood, but my 'nother home is on the door," pointing to the pinned up picture. Sometimes the children went haying or blackberrying with the Barretts. There was a very steep hill behind the house, where the sheep grazed, "Bald Top" by name, so called because of the bareness of its tonsured crown. Below, a fringe of bushes marked the limit of the scanty crop of hay that thrifty Barrett deemed it worth while to risk horses and hay waggon to collect. One day my little Lieutenant; Harry, came to me as I sat rocking my baby to sleep. "Oh Mamma, Mamma," she cried, "I have been learning to make pies in the kitchen, and I forgot to watch the children and I'm afraid they are gone up Bald Top!" Baby was popped into his cradle in a trice, Jane called from her wash-tub to soothe his crying, and ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F5_p004.jpg) Harry and I climbed the hill in breathless haste. Far up, just entering the fringe of brushwood, Evan's tiny scarlet frock was seen like a moving frlower. When my little varlets caught sight of us hurrying towards them they began to run upward. Harry and I were sobbing for breath before we over- took them. I thought mine no unreasonable alarm; for, besides the risk they ran of being lost, three of Mr. Barrett's sheep had been torn on that very hill a night or two before, and my eight year old Elisha's thin little arm would have been small x defence against a wolf. The truants were penitent enough when they saw the distress they had given me. When we returned to the house, however, Miss Sarah remarked tranquilly, "There are considerable many wolves in the Borough, but we are not much troubled with them". Think of a place where the presence of wolves is considered a token of a long setteled country: the X Bears are still killed near Barrett's now Marvin comes' farm still, as then, the prettiest and the best cared for in that whole lower Marvin Valley. Bald TOP ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F5_p005.jpg) ruffed grouse too, the hare, the fox and the bear keep round the clearings. Many a McKean County blackberrying party en- countered one of these last Gentlemen in Black standing up on a fallen log, pulling the brambles over and hugging them as he eats the fruit . The girls say they are "awful scar't" and are about as much afraid as, but no more, than a city bred woman is on meeting a tipsy man in the street. The wolf who had killed Mr. Barrett's sheep was shot on a neighbor's farm within a day or two after the time when my three year old lamb ventured up the hill, and one afternoon Tom brought by way of curiosity, steaks from three bears; all killed that day on the line he had followed in coming out from Kane . I thought the neighborhood a wild one, and held my neighbors to be but semi-civilised. It ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F5_p006.jpg) It surprised me to learn that these men of the settlement were afraid to venture a score of miles into the forest, adhering in preference to the civilisation marked by the post-office, store and tavern of their little villages. Tom found that it was absolutely necessary that he should spend the summer on the ground, or our house would never be commenced. Now that we have a Railroad, mills and shops at hand, and neighbors within reach we can hardly realise the difficult- ies he had to contend with in making that "commencement". Before the war, stone had been quarried for the house we proposed building. "St. Hubert's", (I was young enough then to fancy so romantic a name,) was to be built of the pretty, creamy-pink sandstone of the region. The supply of freshly cut stone was too temptingly near an embankment of the Rail- road then in progress. The ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F5_p007.jpg) contractor probably supposed the fortune of war would prevent Tom's return to inquire for it. At any rate he used it in his work, and ran away from his creditors one and all, before the summer came. We abandoned the idea of building a stone house, but the stone for the cellar walls had to be cut. The store of Lime hauled in, over the winter's snow in 1861, had slacked long ago and the shed roof had fallen in upon it. The pine lumber that had been sawed at Flanders in 1860 and which it had taxed our scanty means so heavily to haul the long thirty miles, had been partly stolen for contractor's shanties and hunter's lodges, and the bulk of it burned. Cornelius accused a man, with whom he had quarrelled for some trespass on my husband's property, of firing it for spite. But I think someone burnt it in idle wantonness. Man has an ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F5_p008.jpg) instinct of destructiveness; and after all, what business had anyone to expect to come back from the wars and find his lumber and his stone and lime ready to his hand? It was a presumptuous tempting of Providence to assume that he would want a house again! And besides, the pine boards were so temptingly dry! So the flames flared to the sky, and Cornelius, hunting in the woods miles away "mistrusted" the cause, and came to find some smouldering embers left. And thus Tom had to commence his house by building a mill to saw his lumber. The machinery, the tools, and nails and saws had to be hauled in by that trail over which I rode the year before. Every Saturday Tom came out to spend the quiet Sunday with me, having persuaded me to believe the road so much improved as to make the ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F5_p009.jpg) day of rest a full compensation for the ride that preceded and followed it. I am afraid it was not, physically; but it certainly must have been a delightful change mentally, to escape from the little log shanty (8 x 10) and the society of his work- men to the lightsome Marvin Valley, and his wife and children's company. While the war was draining the country of laborers, wages were so high everywhere that good men were not willing to leave home to consort with such villains as composed the gangs employed in the construction of the Railroad through our forest. The law could afford them no protection, and only men of the worst character were willing to go beyond its pale to work for us. Wild orgies, wilder brutalities were of daily occurrence. The Cave of Adullam might have been vainly ran- sacked for a more desperate set of rascals than those whose hands built this house. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F5_p00I.jpg) copied from hadnwriting in small book WRITTEN DURING YEAR 1870 By ELIZABETH D. KANE ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F5_p00II.jpg) List of photographs (none marked) contained in the original of this volume: Page 76 One (1) photograph " 190 " " " " 191 " " " In rear flyleaf of this volume is a sheet of paper listing two sets of musical compositions, as follows: 1 Lead Kindly Light Williams 2 The Lass of Rich- mond Hill " 3 Sweet Miss Mary " 4 Serenade "Schubert" " 5 Auld Lang syne " 6 A Dream " 7 Holy Night " 8 Absent " 9 Little Boy Blue " 10 Lend Me Your Aid I " 11 " " " " II " 12 Mary of Argyle " 13 Because " 14 Four Leaf Clover " 15 A May Morning " 16 Jean (Braiding Your Hair) " 17 Index No. Title Played or Sung By 1 Garden Scene Elman 2 Gavotte Bohm " 3 Serenade Luigo " 4 Mennett (Hayden) " 5 Gavotte (Mozart) " 6 Traumerei Powell 8 Chauson San Proles Kreisler 9 Bavcarolli (Tales of Hoffman) Maud Powell 10 At the Brook " " 11 My Jesus, I love Thee Iremantel (Gordon) Same place Jesus, Iam resting Jarvis 12 Pastorale Elman 11 Gypsy Serenade Kreisler ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F5_p010.jpg) We had experienced some difficulty in finding a carpenter and builder willing to carry out the designs for the house, and capable of understanding them. We deemed ourselves for- tunate when Mr. Bright presented himself; a man whose probity and whose powers were alike guaranteed by the recommendations of some of the chief men of the country. We know better now. We have learned by their subsequent lamentations when an event occurred which shall be related in its place, that he was in debt to all these gentlemen. They expected to be paid from the profits of Bright's fat contract. Even our friend Barrett, who knew this all along, held his tongue and gave us no word of warning. Yet I know that he was warmly attached to us all. I believe he considered it a point of honor not to spoil a good job for Bright - who moreover owed him a trifle! We ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F5_p011.jpg) cherish no resentment against him, or M. or H. or B. We have learned our lesson. It is the coutume du pays. Hence- forward we are on very pleasant terms with them all, but we look for the spice that flavors their counsel, and believe what they say as much as it deserves. Mr. Bright whose domestic circumstances unknown to us, required an instant change of abode, please me by the readiness with which he undertook the work. He would go out to the Summit at once, he would complete the barn, the mill, the boarding-house for the workmen, and the back-building of the house--all by the First-of-September. I believed him, though it was already near the end of May! When the Rebels made their raid on Chambersburg Tom hurried off to tender his services to the Government. That his absence might cause no delay ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F5_p012.jpg) I undertook to seek out and engage a mason to work upon the cellar, telling Tom that he should see great changes when he returned to his forest home. It was an easy task to ascertain who was the best mason in the County, but when I sought him out I could by no means induce him to venture his respectable self among our Wild Huntsmen without the protection of my husband's presence. I bethought me of another mason, the father of one of Tom's soldiers. We had heard, but I had forgotten it until thatmoment, that he said he would go out to do our work for his boy George's sake. Mr. Barrett drove me in search of his place of residence, and our inquiries incidentally elicited the remark that since George was in Andersonville poor Briggs had taken to drinking. He had been obliged to give up his farm, and had retreated with the old wife, and his evil genius, a man named Mowry ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F5_p013.jpg) to a hut in a ravine at the head of Pigeon Fork of Cole Creek. The road was hardly better than a cowpath which led up this little valley and the summer twilight was fast fading when our horses stopped suddenly before a rough fence of logs, stumps and rocks. At a little distance beyond it I saw a dwelling to which neither gathering dusk nor distance lent enchantment. Two men and a woman were sitting smoking, but made no step forward from the doorway to greet me. Barrett remained with his horses, and held my baby, as I timidly ventured forward to do my errand. I had hardly climbed the fence when a cur sprang out and rushed towards me barking furiously. No voice recalled him; it was only when Barrett came to my assistance that he sneaked back to the house, whither I followed him with a sink- ing heart. But when I explained why I came, and who I was, I had no further lack of cordiality to com- ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F5_p014.jpg) -plain of. "Lor: Do tell. Be you General Kane's woman. I he'erd you was dreadful poor fleshed"--said the lady and bade me"set down and rest me" And Mr. Briggs vowed with a thousand imprecations that tomorrow should see him on the road to our place, Mr. Mowry on his part contributing his earnest asseverations that an awful doom awaited the immortal soul of Briggs if he failed to keep his promise. I did not let them see how frightened I was, but was most heartily rejoiced when a wail from Little Will called me back to my carriage and the protecting presence of Barrett. As we drove back through the moonlight with my baby huddled in my arms, I felt that I was no Strong-Minded Woman, and longed tearfully for "my man's" return to face the world for me. The next day passed without my seeing anything of Mr. Briggs, and I retired to bed much disappointed. But about eleven that night an old rattle trap wagon drew ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F5_p015.jpg) up at the door. Mr. Barrett's landlord ears were on the alert, and he opened the window. Briggs and Mowry sat out- side, gloriously drunk, and insisting upon my being summoned to bear witness that Briggs was on his road " 'cordin to promise". The following day Mowry returned alone, and I was therefore glad to see him, but he came in a rage and we women all hid ourselves. Liquor he must and would have, he said, and vowed to kill Barrett and set fire to his house, and the like, for half an hour. Then Barrett, who kept a "temperance tavern", suggested cider, and presented a mug of vinegar which Mowry tossed off and departed. Mr. Briggs had only been carried to the clearing at Howard Hill, half way on his journey. He lay there two days till his drunken fit was over, and then sneaked home. My success was a failure. The rebels' raid was a failure too, however, and my husband came ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F5_p016.jpg) back withing a few days of the attack on Chambersburg. Rather against his will he was forced to solicit Briggs' return, for he could obtain no one else. With him came back Mowry, and one night the men roused Tom from his sleep to tell him that Mowry was in one of his crazy fits, and bent on setting fire to the drying kiln in which our lumber was piled. Tom left his hut at once, and on interfering with Mowry's amiable design was attacked with drunken fury. When he had as much as he could do to parry Mowry's blows, Briggs stole up behind and caught his arms. If Tom had been a less agile man it would have fared ill with him. But good came from this evil however. He was thought to have had so narrow an escape for his life that the public opinion of the railroad drunkards was against Mowry - enabling Tom to force the ruffian to leave. Without him Briggs worked well enough, and the cellar walls were finished with the aid of a man whom Cornelius walked forty miles to secure. I saw him with satisfaction as he went out with his ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F5_p017.jpg) tools slung on a rifle. We had a "raising" on the 10th of July of the frame of that part of the house which we expected to finish first. I remember that the War and the House interested me about equally all the summer. Tom used to send down from the hills memoranda of payments to be made and articles to be ordered, and it was my business to keep his Books and make clean copies of the roughly scrawled letters he penned in his comfortless log shanty. The workmen who brought them to me I questioned as eagerly about the minute details of the work, as I did our soldier lads about the war news when they paused at Barretts' to greet their former Colonel's wife. The time of our three years' men had expired and the valleys of McKean thrilled with excitement as one and another returned, or word came that So and So had re-enlisted, or was sick in hospital. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F5_p018.jpg) Barretts' was a Post Office, and I sickened with sympathy for one poor toiling soldier's wife who came every day to ask for letters, and went away sobbing because there was no word. Then some of the returned soldiers told us that they had heard he was in Andersonville prison; and at last a day came when she received authentic information of his death. Her poor little garden was gay with the flowers she had coaxed into bloom to welcome her soldier home. How sad her black figure looked among them as she came down to the gate to ask me for work as I passed by a few days after! Corporal Joe Barnes was one of the few men who returned out of the 104 Tom had taken from McKean. I was so glad to see his curly pate, for I knew the joyous welcome his old mother was preparing for him at the old farm- ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F5_p019.jpg) house. Joe's bounty money helped to complete the nice shingle-roofed house that his father had been so long striving to build, and Joe himself obtained employment from Tom as an overseer of the work at Kane. (November 18, 1870, Alas!) One August day Tom took me up the hills to see for myself how the house went on. Pat who was visiting us, agreed to go too, and I carried my baby, but it was longer necess- ary to go on horseback. We drove to Buena Vista, now Wilcox Station, and then rode up on one of the "construction trains" to the foot of our hill. "The Bricks" was the euphonious name given to this point, and Tom triumphantly displayed the great heap he had been to Erie to buy lately. By the exercise of as much diplomacy as might have gained a Congressional Grant he had ob- ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F5_p020.jpg) -tained the privilege of having them transported on the railroad at the modest freight charge of $6 a thousand. Then he carried me to look at the new mill, where the humming whirring noise of the saw made Baby Will fall fast asleep. The little creature looked so pretty in his pink cloak lying on a heap of shavings in one corner that the work- men gathered round to look at him, and when he woke nothing would serve Corporal Joe* but carrying him for me the rest of our walk. What a long way it seemed then, that now is as familiar a daily path as if I had lived here all my life! Round the Railroad curve, and up the hill into the forest, past the framework of the wing of the house, stopping a few minutes to look at it, we went on to rest in the barn. x Corporal Joe Barnes, perhaps the youngest Bucktail, who committed suicide because a grand Jury. had indicted him for theft which I am sure he never committed, left his little savings to educate a relative. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F5_p021.jpg) It was a lovely day, with gleams of golden sunlight flecking all the green depths of the wood, and the air was almost oppressively warm. The barn was not yet completely enclosed and we sat under the shade of its roof as in a great verandah, while Baby crawled happily over the floor, playing with chips and shavings. As we ate our lunch, and drank the cool spring water whose abundance was to supply house, barn and mill's requirements, I propounded the question, "Why should we not complete the barn, and lead a picnic life here for two or three weeks until Bright finishes the back building?" I watched Mr. Barrett a little anxiously as I said it, for I suspected the length of our stay was telling upon his "woman folks" who were unused to keeping boarders all summer. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F5_p022.jpg) n England the feelings of the "Canaille" need not be con- sulted, but here! It was with a sinking of the heart that I saw Barrett's face light up as he eagerly pointed out the advantages of the arrangement. Pat*, with far more eagerness, urged our going to Philadelphia for the winter, dividing our family between his house and Bessie's*. But I knew how little spare room they had and that our coming would deprive poor *Mr. Shields of his study, the only spot sacred from the strife of tongues which beset every Leiper* dwelling. So I held firm to my heedlessly uttered scheme seeing that it gladdened Tom. But we both recognized the soundness of the arguments Pat employed when he pointed out how thin Evan was, and how little fitted any of us were to cope with hardship. In truth we knew that we could not afford a winter in *"PAT"- GEN. "TOM" KANE'S YOUNGER BROTHER ALSO A CIVIL WAR VETERAN AND PHILA. ATTORNEY ROBERT PATTERSON KANE, FATHER OF FRANCIS FISHER KANE AND LIZA COPE *"BESSIE" ELIZABETH KANE SHIELDS THEN IN PHILA. SHE IS THE "B.K" OF JUDGE JOHN K. KANE'S "LETTERS TO B.K" DR. CHAS. SHIELDS THEN A PHILA. PREACHER LATER HELD CHAIR OR PROFESSORSHIP OF THEOLOGY AT PRINCETON. GEN. KANE'S MOTHER WAS JANE DUVALLEIPER DAUGHTER OF THOMAS LEIPER OF PHILADELPHIA. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F5_p023.jpg) Philadelphia. We felt that we must make it seem to each other as not of necessity, but of choice that we decided on going into this Forest of Arden, although each could say with Touch- stone, "Truly, shepherd, in respect of itself it is a good life; but in respect that it is a shepherd's life, it is naught. In respect that it is solitary, I like it very well; but in respect that it is private it is a very vile life. Now, in respect it is in the fields, it pleaseth me well; but in respect it is not in the court, it is tedious. As it is a spare life, look you, it suits my humour well; but as there is no more plenty in it, it goes much against my stomach". So it was settled. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F5_p024.jpg) CHAPTER SECOND MOVING IN On a bright September morning we left Barretts'. Tom had ridden down from the hills the night before that we might set out for "Home" together. Clarion* was tied behind the carriage and our little ones were full of gaiety, playing with the old horse, and rallying Jane on the contents of her house- wifely pockets, stored with things she deemed likely to be useful at the outset. The good woman gladly anticipated being under what she considered "a roof of her ain, and no eating strangers' bread". But we, the parent pair, were very silent as we thought of the new untried life we were going to begin. Were we doing right in exposing our frail Evan**, our "wee white rose of all the world" to the hardships that might lie before us? We little fancied that any of the children participated in our feelings, and when we *Clarion, Gen Kane's horse, PURCHASED IN CLARION COUNTY, WHICH NONE BUT HE COULD RIDE. **LATER THE FAMOUS SURGEON DR. EVAN O'NEILL KANE OF KANE, PA. WIDELY KNOWN FOR HAVING TAKEN OUT HIS OWN APPENDIX WITH LOCAL ANAESTHETIC IN 1923. HE HAD ALWAYS BEEN VERY FRAIL SINCE HIS NURSING MOTHER'S SHOCK ON FIRST LEARNING THAT HER HUSBAND WAS AT CIVIL WAR BY NEWS HE WAS WOUNDED. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F5_p025.jpg) reached the head-springs of Marvin where Tom mounted his horse to ride up the hills to Kane, while my road lay on- ward to Buena Vista - we were startled by dear Elisha's striking up in his unsteady childish voice the American "In exitu Israel". "When, Lord, to this our Western Land Led by thy providential hand Our wandering fathers came." It comforted me, making me feel as if we were worthily repeating our ancestors as if we were thought deserving of a message from the God of Jacob that whatever might be the issue He knew we were trying to do right and would care for us. Toiling slowly over the solitary hills, I took the message to heart. Next day the prosaic realities of a night of discomfort in the dirty tavern at Buena Vista had scarcely diminished my enthusiasm. The children ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F5_p026.jpg) were eager to accompany me to Kane, but I had arranged with Tom to bring up Elisha only and to leave our little eldest son with him. But my poor boy had never slept away from his nursery-nest, and was in such awe of his soldier-father that he wept all the journey. The contractor's train stopped at the foot of our hill where Tom stood waiting to greet us. He had anticipated this meeting, and our wending our way along the forest path to our dwelling together, as a time whose sensations would be long remembered. But he was disappointed, for while I was full of a promise to the children to coax Papa into letting me prepare the house today and bring them tomorrow; he was beset by a Catholic Priest on one side begging of him a site and lumber for the erection of a church, and on the other side stood a RR Contractor. The latter worthy carried him off ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F5_p027.jpg) to look at some stone, while I was timidly waiting for my hearing. Looking round me I saw a heap of well-known packing-cases on the ground and a sled load of them were being dragged up the muddy and steep ascent of the hill- side by a pair of oxen. Only arrived today, and I had seen the last off from Barretts' a week ago. I grumbled, but the ox-driver soon made me feel that I ought only to be thankful they had reached Kane at all, such perils had they met by flood and field. I knew the road from Barretts' was bad. Arrived at Wilcox there was no bridge to cross the Clarion and one of the wagons up- set in fording the stream. There was no depot, and my goods lay in the open air two days, owing their protect- ion solely to the voluntary services of Jim Landrigan,* one of my husband's old soldiers, who "camped out" beside them, and at last succeeded in loading * ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F5_p028.jpg) them on a contractor's train, and escorting them safely to the foot of our hill. There they lay until this morn- ing when my husband, in the absence of any wheeled vehicle belonging to the settlement, had detailed the oxen from their work among the logs to haul my boxes up on the sled. How slowly the oxen toiled through the mud, while I saw the precious minutes fleeing by in which I had hoped to unpack all the necessaries for beginning housekeeping next day. When Tom rejoined me, he tried to dissuade me from bringing the children for a week or two, but finally yielded conditionally. If his men were successful in finding the cow, (the cow who had made her escape although so carefully blinded when they brought her from the settlements), I might return from Wilcox tomorrow with them all. Poor children, I knew what joy they would ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F5_p029.jpg) have in escaping from the dirty tavern into the free green- wood. As for me, I thought "I rather rove with Edmund there Than reign an English Queen". When I returned next morning (for the cow had been found) the train carried us past our hill to the "town", consisting of a few unfinished buildings where the R. Road Machine Shops now are, a wooden shanty beside them, (where a cobbler was postmaster also, receiving a mail now and then as a messenger could be obtained to bring it from St. Marys), and about a mile from them, but nearer to us the rough shanty of one Rose, who kept store and had a contract to clear part of the town site of the woods which covered it entirely. We halted in front of Rose's, and walked along the tract to what is now our mill yard, but then was a swamp ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F5_p030.jpg) through which Tom, seated on Clarion with Elisha en croupe, was navigating his way towards us. Guided by his directions we succeeded in picking out a path to the mill-shanty, where he had provided a grand surprise for us, a nicely cooked dinner which included tomatoes and lima beans. These esculents were intended as a particularly delicate attention in proof that we were in communication with the great West, for no one at that day dreamed of cultivating them here. After dinner we merrily took our way to the stable, bent on passing the night there, and determined to make the best of everything. I ought to make particular mention of my little daughter Harriet, whose resolute cheerfulness then, and afterwards in more discouraging circumstances, was of infinite service to her parents. She then began teaching us how reliable she was, and that hers was a char- ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F5_p031.jpg) acter which developed its best qualities under adversity and trials. Plenty of faults she has, but we feel that we can put trust in our honest stouthearted girl. God bless her. She undertook to amuse the two babies, for Evan was hardly more, and Elisha, proud of having already spent a night in the forest, felt himself man enough already to lend all his puny strength to open boxes for us, and carry chairs and tables to their future places. Jane and I toiled faithfully, and when darkness closed in, the two rooms into which the loft was divided had beds up, toilet arrangements made, a nice fire burining in the nursery stove and a lamp glowing on a neatly spread teatable. Tom came in from his work out of doors, and we sat down with thankful hearts to eat our first meal at home. We had not ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F5_p032.jpg) much in the way of a feast it is true, but the crackers were clean, the tea hot, the milk sweet, and to crown it I had provided a jar of currant jelly which the children hailed with delight. It was the only preserve they tasted for a year to come, by the bye. While Jane was undressing one of the children and I was crooning the baby to sleep with my tune, the one "the Cow died O'", Tom called us into the adjoining room to hear from the open window the distant barking of the wolves. We did not feel terrified, and Evan's last remark as he sank to sleep showed him resolute in approving of the new play of housekeeping till the last. Opening his eyes in dreamy half-consciousness upon the rough rafters sloping down so near his head, he muttered, "Nice, pretty home, Jane! What's the floor kept up there for?" and was asleep before the answer came. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F5_p033.jpg) We were all still playing at housekeeping. I had provided my- self with a piece of knitting for evening work, and now seated myself opposite Tom with his week-old newspaper to enjoy the sensation of being really in my own home. The smell of wet freshly sawed wood always recalls to me the odd medley of emotions of that night. The lamp twinkles through the moist-reddish haze, and the knitting needles glisten as I think, or hardly think, for I am so tired, but dream after this fashion-- "No need to think I must go to bed now, for fear of over- sleeping the hotel breakfast--but then Jane and I have to cook the breakfast and dress the children, so I must be up early! Now I am to show Tom that I can keep house, and, oh dear, how am I to begin, with no butcher, no baker, no grocer, no village store even, in this ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F5_p034.jpg) lonely forest! No eggs, no butter, no lard, no one of the thousand and one things that are so much a matter of course in an old-established household that I forgot I was commencing at the commencement, and have no supplies to fall back upon-- No garden to furnish fresh vegetables, no provision of last summer's cabbages, carrots, onions, beets and parsnips stored in the cellar. Cellar and store-room both I must find in the harness closet under the stairs; and I have some tomatoes, egg- plants (2) and cucumbers (1) there in a basket. Tom likes the last fried in batter, but I have no lard! I can slice the cucumbers, but I don't believe anyone could enjoy them without vinegar". Lifting my perplexed head I catch a smiling glance of my husband's and think: "If I do make mistakes, I'm sure of ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F5_p035.jpg) being praised for every success and comforted and petted under every small housekeeping mischance. This is my own roof, and my own dear husband sits beside me, thank God; his part in the War done and his precious life spared and no parting in anticip- ation to cloud my happiness. Our own roof! -- I wonder if its safe! Was that sound only the autumn wind rushing through the leaves of the forest? How very close to the stable those giant trees stand! Is there no danger of their being blown down upon us by the very gales we want them to protect us from? Tom says the Summit thunderstorms are peculiarly grand, the echoes rever- berating up so many valleys converging to this central hill. I hope it won't thunder before I am used to living here. I don't think I should enjoy hearing the storm surging in the ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F5_p036.jpg) branches and the rain on the shingles so very near my head. I'm afraid we are doing a very rash thing, "taking a leap in the dark", as Mother said. Yet, other people have done it, and if we are more feeble in health than pioneers should be, we must be content to feel hardship more, and make up our minds to endure whatever lies before us. God help us, we have no other home. He knows that my husband is crippled in his country's service, and that none of the stay-at-homes whom he fought to keep at their ease, have offered him work and wages, or thought of ensuring his support for a few months till he recruits his strength. One has actually stolen his savings, savings that were so hard to make! But God knows. God will take care of us, if father and mother forsake us. And--I am unjust! Poor ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F5_p037.jpg) Mother would welcome us if she had a roof of her own. Pat and Bessie have urged us to come to them. We have chosen ourselves to be independent of help and have preferred our own crust to a share in others' loaves--even where our own money has gone to the purchase. And--How many nice things we have of our own, I thought, glancing at the boxes which contained the cherished ornaments of the dear old house in G.* Street where my bridal year was spent. How exquisitely Tom's taste had furnished it, how I admired it, how uncomfortable and wretched I had been there, feeling myself so unfitted in my youth and ignorance to be a wife and mistress of a household. The relics we had kept of that house were all associated to me with lessons learnt of what Life really meant, and the long past sorrows of the girl only made me smile in recalling them as I thought HER AGE NOW 21 *GIRARD STREET HOUSE ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F5_p038.jpg) how far I had been from imagining then how trivial they would one day seem to me. I was heartily glad that Tom and I were now separating ourselves from our kinsfolk, who had had too much influence always over me, and yet I felt a little forlorn and frightened. As a child lays its head on its mother's knee in a dark strange place that it may assure itself of protecting love I drew near my husband, and prayed for God's blessing on our new life. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F5_p039.jpg) Chapter III Commencement of Life in the Barn Dreams disappeared with the first light of morning. We all sprang alertly to our feet--and began to sneeze! How we sneezed! When I threw back the bed-coverings the linen sheets could have been used for "packing" a hydropathic patient. Our clothes were damp our shoes and stockings so water-soaked from contact with the "green"boards of the floor, that we could not put them on. It was several weeks before we slept between linen sheets again; we lay on blankets with our day-garments tucked in between the woollen coverings at the foot of the beds. The incident literally damped our energies. We left off playing at housekeeping, and began a period of privation on hard work that was almost more than we could endure. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F5_p040.jpg) fortunately for us we had some few days remaining of beautiful weather. The first morning particularly, the sunshine streamed into our loft and brightened the children's looks as I bathed and dressed them, although they still sneezed at intervals from the surrounding dampness. I left Harry to keep them quiet while I ran down the steep narrow stairs into the "vestibule" and busied myself in setting the table in the "dining room". "Vest- ibule" sounded well, we thought as we arranged our apartments, and Harriet and I preserved for some time in so styling the first of the three divisions we had temporarily made in the stable. But our summer had been passed in a tavern, and Evan innocently gave it the name which every one else unconsciously adopted of "Bar-Room". In the bar-room our boxes were piled on one side leaving a passage way ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F5_p041.jpg) to the dining-room beyond, and on the other side rough plank doors gave admittance to the stairway leading to the loft, and to the harness closet which I turned into my store-room and dairy. Our good cow had given us enough milk to enable me to secure a nice pitcher of cream for breakfast, awkwardly as I skimmed it. And at length, after a separate journey as it seemed for each article, I had the breakfast table set, and Jane had breakfast cooked and the hungry children came down and professed to enjoy the meal. When Tom had gone off to his men and we had washed the dishes and made the beds, we resumed our unpacking and it hardly seemed an hour before Jane said she must see to the dinner, and there was the table for me to set while poor Baby, tired of being ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F5_p042.jpg) neglected, insisted on my carrying him about as I worked. The children came in, happy enough, (but so dirty!) to be made ready for dinner, and there was water to carry up and I felt so tired and cross that I could scarcely keep my temper. Dinner over, there were the dishes again to wash and wipe, with the prospect of having them out again to be again soiled at tea-time. And Willie kept crawling into dangerous places and catching hold of Jane's skirts and mine, imploring to be taken up by us, and refusing Harry's aid. The one little window in the dining-room was above the level of our heads, and the deep shade of the trees prevented it from giving us much light. Still, before dark I had arranged the room to my satisfaction, and when the evening lamp was lighted and we drew round the crimson-covered table my dear ones ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F5_p043.jpg) praised my work so much that I was ready to forget my aching limbs. Tom had caused two of the stalls to be boarded off for a servant's room, and I hung a picture in front of the/square opening which was to light their apartment, and a gay chintz curtain tapestried the doorway. I dared not diminish by a cur- tain the little light our window gave but I draped some Turkey red stuff above and beside it as though the casement had been there. On the dear old Williamsville sideboard stood my pretty gilt-clock, whose chimes provoked the rivalry of our cock's shrill voice. A few pictures hung on the walls, and a stove stood in the corner. There was a crimson drugget* on the floor at first, but as cold weather drew on I had to take it up. It unfortunately attracted the attention of guests; (yes guests; we had plenty of them *Drugget ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F5_p044.jpg) in the barn!) to unpleasant truths, by eddying in waves as the draught brought up the chucking of our hens from beneath our feet. Having no cellar, the space under the barn was boarded in to keep the chickens from wild animals, and though the children delighted in dropping fragments of bread to them through the cracks, we elders strove to ignore their immediate vicinity. If we had moved into a neat little cottage with clean white walls and floors, pantries and cupboards, Jane and I ignorant as we were of our new occupations could have managed to do the work. But think how Robinson Crusoe's difficulties would have been increased if he had three little children and a baby in his cave, and had attempted to live according to the fashions of polite society. Our stable floors filled the little ones' hands with splinters, the ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F5_p045.jpg) The clean frocks put on at breakfast time were grimy before noon, and the prospect of a washing and ironing day in addition to the usual work was hard to contemplate. I knew nothing of housework and spent three times the labour I needed to do in making a bed and sweeping a room. Then, neither Jane nor I were successful in our breadmaking --though I now know it was not for want of kneading! Jane had brought a bottle of yeast from Barrett's in her pocket, but the cork had popped out, and the good woman, unwilling to "worrit" me with the news that the contents of the bottle were/gone, compounded a something in its place, which, like the savant's camel, she "evolved from the depths of her inner consciousness". Bread being a failure, we tried cake! Jane made potato scones - such as her own Hib- ernian mother ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F5_p046.jpg) used to bake, only somehow she herself "missed the art of it", she said, while my ungrateful children christened my Washington Break- fast Loaf - Leather Cake! Poor Tom rode into the settlements vainly seeking some one who for $5 reward would induce a girl to come out to live in the woods. He praised my leather cake, he even ate it! Among my duties I had tried to include giving the children exercise. Willie could not yet walk alone, and I used to carry him down to the spring when the children went for water, and up and down the path cut out between the barn and the house site. Evan was at once too delicate and too venturesome to be trusted with the elder children when no grown person was near. But the autumn rains ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F5_p047.jpg) soon relieved me of this care, which had, after all done me good, by forcing me out into the fresh air daily. Now the children had to stay in the gloomy barn, and amuse themselves as best they might. Their nursery-loft faced the East and had a window reaching from the floor upwards some three feet. (The morning sun when there was any shone in, and as the ground fell away towards the East they had glimpses of the sky through the trees). This became their favorite spot. Seated on the floor they looked out into the woods and watched the squirrels of which we had so many then, brown-red, black, gray, striped chipmunks and flying squirrels. Indoors there was little to amuse them. They peeped down at us in the kitchen through the cracks between the boards which daily gaped wider as the wood dried. Little Will had to ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F5_p048.jpg) be kept in the kitchen. Sometimes we penned him in behind a fence of chairs where he played very contentedly till he grew sleepy. Two stalls formed part of the kitchen conveniences and I had the bottom of one of the mangers raised up a little. It made a nice crib for him, and many a nap he took there. One day, when Jane was sick, and I was ready to scold and weep with fatigue and worry, a merry-faced, rough-looking girl of fourteen made her appearance and said "the General" had engaged her as "help". She had a pleasant English accent, and a frank, winning countenance. I was delighted, promising myself to train her as a model servant and to give her instruction on Sundays, etcetera, etcetera, etcetera. Two days I indulged in dreams , the third-- Shall I conceal the truth, or is it not better ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F5_p049.jpg) not better to tell how much of sordid misery we endured--the third day then I found that Mary Arthurs was covered with vermin, and that she had communicated them to all the children. So now I had to play the part not of a Spartan but of a Spanish Mother for a week or two, and the poor mortified children shunned their for- tunately unsuspecting father's caresses until they were freed from the pests. Of course we had to keep Mary Arthur from any work but rough scrubbing into which she fell with hearty goodwill. When I noticed her blackening a stove and saw how naturally she blackened her face at the same time I recognised her class. She should have been the "slavery" maid-of-all work of a London lodging house. And my ideas of her possible future usefulness vanished before the combination of dirty habits, and vile oaths in which she ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F5_p050.jpg) indulged. Finally, our "chore boy" turned out to be infected with yet worse vermin. And this was the sorer trial, for he was such a kind, loving fellow that the children were always hanging about him, and we hated to hurt his feelings by a dismissal to such a home as his. There/was yet one more degrading misery to bear, before things began to brighten. Two of the children caught the "Pennsylvania Woods Itch". It is very common in the new settlements, and is the result of dirt, damp, and unwholesome food. It is extremely con- tagious, and is so like the genuine Psora that I doubt the assertion made that "the acarus" is absent. In our children's cases it disapp- eared in a few days under no further treatment than warm soapsuds. But I was brought down to feeling myself as wretched as Job. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F5_p051.jpg) I learned to make allowances for the tatters and dirt of the poor when I found how hard it was to keep our own children sweet and free from physical taint. And when I thought of the number- less occupations the poor mother of half a dozen children had, I no longer wondered that the one pair of hands failed to mend and sweep and wash as often as the family's necessities required. For my own part I determined to do what I could, and having done my best, shut my eyes to all deficiencies. It was the only way to preserve any cheerfulness of spirit, but it had its drawbacks. The contended spirit which reconciles itself for Virtue's sake to endure the rag-stuffed window rather than worry the harassed good-man to remedy it - degenerates into the slovenly one which hardly sees the defect, - is certainly ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F5_p052.jpg) no longer troubled by it. We have acquired a rough-and-ready fashion of improvising conveniences altogether incompatible with our completely furnished house. ----"Beneath the greenwood bough What once we were we all forget, Nor think what we are now." I am always fighting the bad habits we learned in the barn. I am tolerant of the "Irish ways" of the hand-to-mouth people who stuff the holes in their windows with rags, for I have known the sorrows of breaking a window one cannot replace. It does not matter whether it is absence of money or material, the characteristic fact is the want of a Pane. (I know too what genuine pleasure can be derived from the insertion of a long-needed one, when the want has lasted so long that you have believed yourself unconscious of it, until you were sensible how much you had been incommoded, by the comfort the new one gave). ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F5_p053.jpg) Because we had no closets in the barn, I felt as if I could never have enough in the new house, Yet father, mother, Jane and children instinctively cover the spare room beds with laid aside garments while the closets remain unfilled. I adapted the stalls of our stable to serve as storerooms, pantries and china-closets, but for small articles we discovered a special convenience in the repositories formed between the rafters and the "plate" or great beam running around the barn at the joining of the roof and walls. Here the children stored their toys, Tom his papers, I my sewing, and the thousand and one small possessions that accumulate in daily life. One whole side of the cornice of our loft was lined with books, another with Tom's files of memoranda. We instantly recognise any of our (Drawing labeled with the following) RAFTER ROOF "The files" Storage Space PLATE WALLS ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F5_p054.jpg) papers of 1864-65 by the amber tint of their smoke-stained edges. For, owing to the absence of a chimney, the Franklin stove in our room smoked diabolically. Tom and Harry have never entirely recovered from the effect upon their eyes of the smoke, and of having the only light admitted at the floor level. How I learned to appreciate a window in its proper position in after days! Ah well, I never once regretted our having made the plunge, nor admitted to our friends how hard a struggle we had before we could swim! The water was still choking us and blinding our eyes for a long time after we were praising our situation to them. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F5_p055.jpg) CHAPTER IV A LOVE STORY "Yet Brignall banks are fresh and fair And Greta woods are green, And you may gather garlands there Would grace a summer queen". One Sunday Tom insisted on my leaving my household cares behind me and strolling through the woods with him to gather spirit and hopefulness from the sweet air and sunshine. So it came to pass that I became acquainted with a story of love and self denial that helped me to restore to Life in the Forest the romance and poetry our sordid miseries had been stripping from it. We came upon two women looking at the framework of our house, and the unusual presence of persons of my own sex made me curious to see who they were. Tom bowed ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F5_p056.jpg) to the elder, who was, he said, the wife of his sawyer, newly come to the mill-house. The younger, as we found afterwards, was her "help", and Joe Barnes' sweetheart. How very pretty she was, with her dark-blue eyes, and clear pink and white complexion, her fair hair rippling round her brow under the fleecy white scarf she wore! Her shapely neck and arms showed through her thin summer dress, and her firm step and graceful carriage indicated health and strength. I coveted her at once, and began negotiations the very next day for a transfer of her services. "For a consider- ation", her mistress was very willing to relinguish them, but the maiden herself suddenly quitted Kane in a high heroic vein. Literally heroic, not jestingly. And when she went, Joe came to Tom for counsel. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F5_p057.jpg) Our Corporal Barnes, a perfectly fearless and determined little soldier, had the failing common to most of our McKean "boys". He would sometimes "go on a spree". Elma had refused him on this account, but as Joe had been perfectly sober for months, and was ready enough to settle down into a douce quiet man like his father before him, she had relented. Poor Joe was overjoyed by the grace she showed him in coming out to the forest with Mrs. Dunbar. The two were preparing to be very happy when an unexpected blow fell, & Elma, with a common sense and maidenly dignity very unlike the heroine of a novel, cut short all trying scenes and explanations by quietly going home to her parents. When Joe was a lad at Township School he had betrothed him- self to a young girl ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F5_p058.jpg) of the neighborhood, much to the dissatisfaction of his thrifty active mother. The G's were known to all the country side as "shiftless" root and branch. If one saw a woman rocking in her chair pipe in mouth, Garlick blood was manifest-- a man who "loafed" in front of the store all day you might safely assume to be of the Garlick kin. While year by year the Barnes' farm improved; new fences & barnes, fresh paint on old buildings, and additional acres brought into cultivation being perpetual tokens of the industry that was changing the stunted Cornish miner into a pros- perous farmer. The war broke out while Joe was still a mere lad. Romeo enlisted and shortly after some Garlick who had drifted Out West wrote home in praise of the fertile plains where a crop rewarded such saunterers ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F5_p059.jpg) through life as he was. The neighbors gladly helped to rid the country of the family when they proposed to join this thriving man and Joe's fair Rosaline departed with her parents. Nothing more was heard of them as the years rolled on, and Joe's mother rejoiced that time and the rapid succession of events of the War, in making Joe a man, had also effaced the memory of his first love affair. Indeed he came back with eyes fully opened to the defects of Mistress Lucy, and very soon fell in love with pretty Elma, who besides her beauty was housewifely, "come of good stock" and suffi- ciently educated to be in demand as a school teacher. He was but just accepted by this Juliet, when alas, a letter came to him from his Rosaline. She enclosed a ring--one of those "Gift-Enterprise" ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F5_p060.jpg) affairs, with a weak looking pink glass jewel set in its washed brass circlet. He must wear it for her sake, she said, who had never for- gotten him, though circumstances had hitherto prevented her from writing. She rejoiced to learn that he had come back safe, and informed him that she was true to her promise. She regretted to tell him that the rich alluvial soil had done nothing for Pa' and Ma' but give them the Ague. They all wanted to return to the bracing mountain air--wouldn't Joe come out for them, as they had no money? She closed with a modest intimation that his reward should be her "bonny sell". Joe had saved a couple of hundred dollars, I knew, and when Tom talked the matter over with me in private, I urged that he should send this sum to her, telling her it was all he had. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F5_p061.jpg) I thought he ought to tell her that he loved another woman and could not marry her with a whole heart. Were it my case I should far prefer present disappointment to the future suffering of learning the truth too late. Tom promised to present my view, though he did not think my feelings would be likely to be the same under the circumstances as those of Lucy Garlick. But poor Barnes appealed to Tom as a man of educated honour to guide his own untutored sense of duty. I forget the words he used, but the sentiments were highly creditable to him and silenced, though they did not convince me. Tom himself could not but approve of the line of conduct Barnes felt he ought to follow, while he pitied him sincerely. Elma's prompt departure had simplified matters, and Joe, once resolved, made no sentiment- al utterances but met his ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F5_p062.jpg) fate manfully. We built a nice little cottage for the pair, stipulating only for Joe's sake that the parents Garlick's should not live with them there. Joe papered the walls with roses and lilies, bought a little furniture and a large Bible, and then brought his wife home. He consulted Tom as to the establishment of Family Worship, and in spite of the jeers of his old comrades-in-arms he escorted Mrs. Barnes regularly to Methodist Meeting. This meant a great deal with him. Henceforward he was to be "un home regle!". And I am bound to say that I think Lucy makes him a good wife. Joe's clothes are well looked after, and the house is always neat. It gave me an emotion of sincere pleasure this year of 1868 to remark the gay growth of hollyhocks and sunflowers in the little garden where Joe at first thought of raising nothing but the severely practical cabbage. Bright ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F5_p063.jpg) scarlet runners were trained round the windows and Mrs. Barnes bound up her own yellow locks with blue ribbons. And the new appearance of gayety in the little home heralded the coming of Joe's pride and treasure, the little "Loray-Almi-ray" as they call her. The name is the invention of Mrs. Holmes the school- mistress, and is greatly admired as a poetical flight. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F5_p064.jpg) Chapter V MY NEW HELP One rainy afternoon, as I sat sewing in my own loft, Jane ushered in a damsel who proclaimed her own style and title. "Miss Roxanna (double n) Thompson of Port" (Allegany understood) "reckoned she would try living in the woods a spell till she saw how she liked it." Beggars may not be choosers, and seeing that her fat purple cheeks glowed with soap and water as well as health, I gladly accepted her tender of "help". Ah, how care-ful I was learning to be in avoiding the word "servant". And strange to say I now find myself feeling a little hurt for "the girl", when I visit my city sisters and hear them tell "the help" what they expected their "servants" to do. They laugh at my hesitation before I utter the word I have found so obnoxious at home in the woods, and ridicule the habit I have formed of calling every common working man "Mr." But ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F5_p065.jpg) as it does me no harm, and pleases the people round me, I always do it. After all, in this country it would be hard to know where to draw the lines of separation. Men are all but hues of one colour, and if "worth makes the man, the want of it the fellow", it would be most invidious to ticket one as "Mr" - because histint seemed purer at the moment. Roxy's first performance, after laying aside her jaunty hat and talma, and revealing the scarlet skirt and blue garibaldi waist adorned with brass buttons, in which her plump form was rather a discouraging one. She came in, threw herself on my bed (!) and burst into tears. "Does your head ache? Are you sick?" I inquired anxiously. "It does ache some," she answered, "but it's so ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F5_p066.jpg) awful dark and lonesome! I heered there was balls and meetins' to Kane's and there ain't a house nor yet tavern in sight." I consoled her partially by an account of the festivities that were to take place in the Mill as soon as it was sided up. Mr. Dunbar being a much better fiddler than sawyer; and in the evening she grew quite cheerful when the best-looking of our "hands" crowded into the little kitchen to visit her. I suspected the General of having organised the arrival of these "Consolers of the Afflicted". The completion of the mill was a great boon to me, guaranteeing as it did gossip and society to my "help". The lumbermen of these counties contribute the "fast young man" element to the fashionable circles of the forest. The city belle who declares her preference for the "delightfully dissipated "Jack Francis is emulated by her country sister who proclaims ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F5_p067.jpg) in her vernacular that her Jack Francis is a "real hard boy." We had several real hard boys, and Roxy, foolish moth, admired them exceedingly. When morning came I catechised Roxy as to her attainments. Could she cook? "Oh yes, to be sure," she said, but when I showed her the piece of beef and bade her roast it, she declared "I don't know nawthin' about roasting meat. Down to Port we always fried it. It is the sensiblest way in my opinion". Could she bake bread? "Law yes, but not with hop risin'. No one can beat me at milk emptins or salt risin' or salaratus bread". Perceiving that I did not seem much impressed she condescended to inform me that she's fix things any way I liked--and indeed I must say for her that she learned very readily ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F5_p068.jpg) all that I (after secret study of my culinary manuals, now unpacked) could teach her of the art. One day she let me know that I taught no unlettered pupil. She was a matriculant of Alfred University, and named among her studies several of which I knew no more than the names. I could pronounce these correctly it is true, and she could not, but I was unable to guage her proficiency in the sciences she professed. Reasoning by analogy her grammatical exploits relieved me of any oppresive sense of inferiority. But alas, she went on to say that she was "going to quit." "Why, Roxy!" I cried, "just as you are beginning to suit me so nicely!" "Ah," retorted Roxy, "but you don't suit me!" I humbly ventured to inquire in what respect I did not come up to her standard, and she candidly explained that my fault lay in ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F5_p069.jpg) not admitting the help to my table. Here was a rock, on which I had already been afraid of striking, and I knew that if Roxy assigned this reason for leaving me, no other self-respecting girl would take the place. A glance at Roxy's conceited but intelligent and rather candid face decided me to appeal to her own judgment. I began, "I am sorry for that, Roxy. I tried to arrange my household for the mutual convenience of the family and the help. I have always found two tables suited us best, all round, but if you prefer it I have no objection to your joining us at our meals. "I cal'late to do that wherever I go", said Roxy. "I call it real stuck up to eat by yourselves as if you was better than other folks". ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F5_p070.jpg) "I don't think there can be much about us here in the barn that is "stuck up". I replied, without suffering myself to be vexed; because I saw that she only meant to assert her own dignity, and was unconscious of insolence-- "but I do not understand exactly what you mean. Do you object to our using silver forks, or dinner napkins or to our having dinner served in different courses?" "Oh no, I like that real well. I mean to have things just so when I go home". "Well Roxy, do your people at home live just at Mary Arthur's do?" I proceded. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F5_p071.jpg) "I guess not! Pa's real well-to-do. I needn't to live out, if I didn't like it for a change. We have every- thing as comfortable as you'd want to see, Mrs. Kane". Do you think it's wrong, Roxy, to spend more money in making things comfortable round you than the Arthurs do?" I asked. "Why, Mis' Kane, how you do talk! What's to hinder them being comfortable too, only they haint got the means and we have! she answered in a vexed tone. "Then, Roxy, as your father has more means than Mr. Arthur and likes to spend more in having his table set out nicely, so we like to have ours set out in the way we like best. If Mr. Thompson ought not to be fairly thought "stuck up" by Mr. Arthur, then General Kane ought not to be thought stuck up by you?" Roxy nodded, and laughed, but held ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F5_p072.jpg) to her point. "Our help come to table", she said, "that is, when we have any". "If you had Mary Arthur", I began, but she interrupted me, continuing my sentence just as I could have wished her to do-- "If I had Mary Arthur, I reckon she'd have to wash her face and comb her hair before she set down at table with me, and so I told her this morning, when she came in just as she was when she put her clothes on except a sunbonnet to hide her hair. I aint used to such ways!" "Ah, then, Roxy, you would not mind her coming to eat with you if she would conform to the habits of the house?" I said, when she permitted me to speak. "Just so", she said with a twinkle of her ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F5_p073.jpg) little shrewd eyes, for she anticipated my conclusion. "I have no objection to your eating with us, Roxy, if you will observe the rules I lay down for our children. I send them away from table if they do not conform to them, you know. You have noticed that they are obliged to sit up straight; here Roxy straightened her buxom form instantly," "that they ask for what they need in French, and are not permitted to stretch across the table for any article?" "Yes, But I think it looks real helpless", muttered Roxy. "Then", I continued placidly, heightening the truth, I confess, and mouthing out the quotation in a manner that impressed Roxy," We do not eat without talking, and every one who cannot contribute to the conversation some remarks ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F5_p074.jpg) on Shakespere, taste and the musical glasses' or kindred subjects, is expected to listen politely to those who do-- We eat with our forks, instead of using them as toothpicks; when we have finished we don't tilt up our chairs against the wall. And at meals, we have been used always to eating less than a healthy working man or woman really needs. That will perhaps be harder on you than anything else, Roxy, for of course you would not like to be remarked at table as a heavy feeder, when you are desirous of being ladylike". Roxy's countenance fell so suddenly that I knew I was safe in adding graciously, "So now Roxy, you may join us at table whenever you please". Roxy walked away soberly. I knew her to be a gourmande, and even then her breath was ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F5_p075.jpg) scented with the Lea & Perrin's sauce I had seen her tilting into her mouth from the solitary bottle of the condiment which I possessed. She took care to explain to me for the next two days the nature of the engagements at the wash-tub and ironing table which made it suit her convenience to excuse herself from dining with us, and after that, as Jane told me, "concluded it wa'n't half so hearty eating at the first table". "She could eat there any time she'd a mind to", she announced to her admiring coterie at the mill-house, and having thus vin- dicated her pretensions to equality, subsided in peace. This girl broke the ice for us. Since then I have had no trouble with the young ladies who have from time to time "hired out" with me. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F5_p076.jpg) CHAPTER SIX OUR FIRST GUESTS My husband's time had been much engrossed by a tripartite engagement which had been entered into by the Mck. & E. L. & I. Co. (for whose lands was agent,) the Penna. Central Railroad Company and himself, for the development of this country. Our company availed themselves of certain legal tech- nicalities to withdraw from the agreement, after the Penna. Co. had performed a portion of the work they had stipulated to do. My husband remonstrated and a committee was appointed to visit the Estate and determine what improvements they would make in conformity with the old agreement. The completion of the mill determined the time for the visit, and when Tom informed me that he had written to say the building was ready for inspect- ion I looked as dismal ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F5_p077.jpg) as if I had not all along known that this hospitality was impending. "Cheer up, little wife," he said, "there will only be one or two of them, give them a ham and some crackers and they will not expect more in the backwoods." "Won't they!" I exclaimed. "Ah, I know too well the dainty fare which a rich Philadelphian expects everywhere." "Well then," advised "my man" "think over what resources you have, and make all the preparations you can beforehand. The stable will then be rid of some of its culinary odours, and Roxy will be free to devote herself to the necessary work of each day." I protested in deep dejection that I had no resources; it was useless to try to make any preparations; and having suceeded in making ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F5_p078.jpg) poor Tom thoroughly penitent for inflicting upon me a visit which I would on no account have had him decline, I took his advice, and plumed myself upon its wisdom afterwards. He was generous enough not to claim the credit, but I happened to remember suddenly to whom my successful housekeeping was due, and hereby acknowledge it. One of our best shots was detailed to keep my larder supplied with the fattest young does from the herds that nightly peered from the coverts at the queer habitations of men. Corn- elius brought me a hatfull of chestnuts and promised to bring me all the dainty pink-fleshed trout my guests could eat. Butter I decided not set before them. It was better they should imagine themselves suffering hardship for the want of ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F5_p079.jpg) it than to inflict upon them such butter as we could obtain then; good for nothing better than greasing cart-wheels. Tom went off on horseback and returned with a handkerchief full of eggs, carefully swung from a crooked stick which he had obtained, partly for money but partly also for love, from the various owners of a chicken or two among the R.R. shanties. He never gave me a costly bouquet in our kid-glove days that afforded me so much pleasure. An ex-patient also brought me a free-will offering of five more in a cigar-box. Misunder- standing the source of the gratification I expressed, the source of the gratification I expressed, the good fellow was at the pains months afterwards to bring me all the way from his mother's farm in Northumberland County, a pair of chickens (small "barn-door fowl".) ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F5_p080.jpg) "They are of the same breed as those eggs you liked so much", he said proudly. Now that I had plenty of eggs I determined to bake some sponge cake. Aunt Ann had often promised to teach me, as she herself had been taught by the confectioner Goodfellow. But whenever we had descended to the kitchen she could not bring herself to the point of risking the good things in my prentice hands. Hitherto therefore my knowledge had only been theor- etical, and I trembled lest mine should not prove to be success- ful in my attempt. Golden yellow in the heart, delicately brown outside, exhaling odours of nutmeg and lemon as I drew the pans from the oven-- a jury of the children pronounced Mamma's sponge-cake as good as Aunt Ann's. I was so delighted that I ventured to ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F5_p081.jpg) make puff-paste, and soon saw my pantry shelves adorned with a row of lemon-puddings that Jane declared "beat Bangher". They would have been perfect if the butter had been good. Jane boiled a ham; I covered it with cracker crumbs and glazed it. I roasted some Mocha Coffe (Pat's gift) with my own hands to the scientifically accurate colour. --Scipio's complexion was the hue I aimed at. We had a string of onions browned for flavoring, and a whole haunch of venison digested into soup jelly. And then there were pheasants picked and ready for the oven, pheasants whose heads had been shot off by the accurate aim of a rifle in Jim's hands. And now the house was thoroughly ventilated, while I had sheets aired before the ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F5_p082.jpg) stove as Tom thought our guests could hardly accustom them- selves to sleep between blankets. We arranged that Jane, the children and I, should go down to the Mill Shanty to leave both the loft-bedrooms empty for the gentlemen. We thought it probable that Messrs. B. and C. might both come, and my husband said they could hardly occupy more than two days in the inspection of this part of the Estate. After that, he would take them to more civi- lized portions of the property where they could find accommodat- ions readily. I had written to Mother, and she undertook to send me a good Philadelphia servant. If the woman could only arrive in advance of the gentlemen! But our mail service was so irregular that we heard nothing positive. Mother wrote daily, and her letters came ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F5_p083.jpg) five at a time after the guests were gone, announcing her efforts and final triumph in securing my cook. The first train that was run over the entire length of the R.R., singalising its formal opening, brought our friends. How we had longed to be in communication with the outer world! The trains did not run regularly for some time, and once in the win- ter we were left without food. Still, as Roxy proudly observed, we now "felt like folds". Tom went up to the station to apologise for the necessity the want of a carriage road entailed upon his guests of walk- ing down the track and I made the children ready for our depart- ure and was giving Roxy my final direction when one of Tom's men hurried up the hill with a message from my husband. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F5_p084.jpg) Nine gentlemen had arrived instead of two! He would delay them as long as he possibly could, and I must do my best to make room for them. Nine of them! So like men! Such a want of consideration for the exigencies of a household just organising, and organising in a "horse-barn"! But there was no time to spend in grumbling, and fortunately Mother's old servant Eliza had made her appearancewith the man. She threw aside bonnet and shawl instantly, and began cooking and working without stopping to talk. The next half hour was maddeningly busy. All the stored away beds and pillows had to be unboxed - bedsteads were to be set up, "shake- downs" spread out; towels, sheets, pillow cases, napkins, blankets chairs and crockery to be unpacked. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F5_p085.jpg) Fortunately my book of Lists (prepared at Upland in '61 with such a heavy heart) was at hand, and I could tell what each numbered box contained, and so directed my little corps of workers. "50" this Box is, Mrs. Kane," called Caspar the messenger, whom I had detained to help us, as he dived into a dark corner and hauled out a box. "50"? Oh yes, bed-room china, unscrew that, Sammy", I commanded the chore boy. "Who's got the bed-screw?" came down Jane's voice from the loft. "Dear, dear, its in 43, with the pieces of the French bedstead. I did think we need not unpack that. Its under the manger in the kitchen, Caspar." ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F5_p086.jpg) "Mrs. Kane, now Caspar 'n Sammy's both here, spoke up Roxy, "hain't they time to get the dining-room china box out of the third stall? "That's well thought of, Roxy! Jump on those boxes, Sammy, and climb over the partition. Caspar will stand on this side and may be you can hand the box up to him". Then I flew to unpack the basins and pitchers while the men tugged at the box in vain. "Mrs. Kane, they can't hist it over, noways," says Roxy dismally, "and there aint but three china cups and the plates you've been using out of the General's mess-chest". "Can't be helped, then, Roxy, you must make out with the kitchen crockery." So we went on, till at length one of the children from their post of observation by the new house, came ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F5_p087.jpg) flying to the barn. "Mother, mother, here they come!" "Oh well, never mind, its all done now!" I said with a great sigh of relief, as I lighted the last lamp. I welcomed the guests with as much dignity, mingled with my cordiality, as the mistress of a stable could manifest, and leaving them seated round the din- ing room stove, slipped out to join my children. They were all waiting outside the kitchen-door. Jane carried Willie and I Evan, for the little fellow was lighter than his baby-brother, although I soon found him heavy enough to try my strength. Now we can reach the shanty by a path of only a quarter of a mile, but then the mill Yard was an impassable swamp which we had to avoid by a circuitous path through unfamiliar woods. It fell dark by the time we reached the Hollow, and the little ones, becoming ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F5_p088.jpg) frightened became harder to carry every step. We were rapturously glad when at length a light was seen, making toward which brought us to the shanty door. I sat by the stove awhile after supper, for politeness 'sake, but was soon glad to retreat to the recess where I was to sleep, that I might be no restraint upon the "gentlemen boarders" who enjoyed their joking, swearing and spitting till a late hour. Next morning I was roused before dawn by one one of the men, who had noticed my watch the evening before, and now politely held his lantern inside the calico curtain that hung across the recess that I might give him the time. I was obliged however, to lie still for awhile, as the tin basin was not free for me to wash until the men were through their ablutions. I felt sorry for the children whom I had to leave there all day ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F5_p089.jpg) for there was not dry standing room outside the door - much less a place for them to play in, so wet then was the ground under the trees where now is the well-broken garden of the Boarding House on Mill Street. The day was just dawning, as, escorted by one of the hands with a mill-lantern, I reached the stable to superin- tend the preparations for breakfast. Eliza and Roxy were astir, but heavy regular breathings in the loft announced that our tired guests were not even making the premonitory signs of wakefulness. Two good hours passed before the narrow staircase creaked under the weight of nine of the most "solid" men of Philadelphia. The old quakers were full of the adventure. Each came gravely in, carrying the cup he had used at his toilet. We washed these that they might figure on the breakfast table ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F5_p090.jpg) where I presided with lofty composure, as one who had just emerged from my pleasant sleeping room adjoining, nor did any one find out whence I really came. There was plenty of joking about the/adventures of the night. Two of the gentlemen, sleek young Quakers who looked as if they were the originals of the old wood-cuts of good boys in the first Sunday-School books - had rolled out of their shakedowns on either side, upon the floor. While Secretary B's weight had almost brought him to the same level under the pressure he exerted upon the loosely-corded bedstead. Hence sprang the children's favorite rhyme that winter, "Low down in that beautiful valley Where Harry and 'Lisha sleep We put the stout Mr. B. . . . * And sorely he did weep. *BIDDLE ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F5_p091.jpg) For he soon sank down in the middle Of that forlorn old bed And then with a thump, and a groan, he Fell out, on his poor old head." While I trimmed the lamps after breakfast, some of the less important members of the Committee chatted with me, and the others withdrew to the bedroom to discuss business matters with Tom. Then they all went out to inspect the Mill. I was heartily glad of their departure, for Roxy had been making signs to me that she must have access to the loft to make the beds - signs of which I could take no notice for I was forced to show the deepest interest in the remarks of one old gentleman. Tom had particularly requested me to keep him so absorbed in conversation that he should not follow the Executive Committee ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F5_p092.jpg) to the West LOft. I was left to discover for myself that poor John L. had a monomania which led him to the alternate extremes of appreciation and depreciation of the property in which he was interested. At present his encomiums of McKean at once astonished and delighted me. Old Mr. G--, one of the high-dried style of Quakers, quenches his ardor by the remark, "Thy affairs prospering so well, John, thee will doubtless approve of investing more of thy funds in the improvements they are now discussing overhead?" It is unnecessary to say that Mr. G. was of the Opposition, and that he converted L's complacent into a tremulous anxiety to know how matters went in the loft. He was only restrained from climbing the stair by his fear of the then President, Professor John C.C. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F5_p093.jpg) This gentleman was a noble looking person - slightly lame from a fall, but of a dignified presence. His white hair and long snowy beard suggested Belisarius until one caught a glance of the keen black eyes that shone under the pent-house brow. That brow and the long straight nose won my heart; they reminded me so of my dearest sister "Tot."* Then there were of the upstairs Committee, Secretary B.-- a Quaker Pickwick possessed of Pickwick's own genial simplicity and goodness of heart, but eminent in better works than dear old Pickwick's -- a man whose heart lay in the administration of the Lunatic Asylums and Hospitals of Philadelphia and Frederick F. great as President of successfully extricated Railroads once in difficulties of Chambers of Commerce, and of Boards where tact, wisdom and cunning were alike needed in the Government direction * Dear talented opinionated Charlotte Wood driven nearly crazy by family supervision finally went to England where she married an Episopal vicar Edward "Ned" Bell vicar of Wakefield and lived unhappily ever after. But her descendants had not long ago lived in the old wood home at Elie in Fife near Edinburgh Scotland. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F5_p094.jpg) CHAPTER SEVENTH TO BE OR NOT TO BE --THAT IS THE QUESTION The Commitee audited Tom's accounts and declared their satisfaction; they inspected the Mill and its buildings and were equally pleased. But who should run the Mill? This was a question whose answer Tom had vainly sought for weeks. He had been unable to find a lessee. Men of capital declined to risk it in untried experiments, and even the Adullamites whom Cornelius induced to come out here to see it by "tall talk" as he called it, shook their heads and departed when they found that there were no roads, no farms to furnish supplies, no teams for hire and no workmen living in the neighborhood. It was in vain that Tom spoke of the rail- road; they asked if that was not his hay. That was lying in the mud four miles back towards the settlements, with no one willing to undertake bringing ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F5_p095.jpg) it in? The corollary implied was --"How absurd your talk of railroad facilities is while your actions show that you rely in preference on such a failure as hauling your supplies in by power (horse) proves to be !" Besides the objections openly urged, it was almost as plainly hinted that the near neighborhood of so inconveniently honest a man as the "Company's Agent" would spoil any "fancy specs" of fraudulent dealings with the Company's forest timber. No one would lease the mill. Before the day was over the Committee asked Tom to take it, and he sought me to consult over the answer he should make. We strolled down the hill under the waving trees, trying to decide upon what was wisest; he left me at the mill-shanty and we tossed all night in wakeful musings, and met again next morning for ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F5_p096.jpg) a hurried interchange of indecisions, before the guests came down to breakfast. They were in good spirits, for they were enjoying a picnic with the prospect of returning to their comfortable Philadelphia homes; we were miserably anxious and longing to be rid of them to discuss the important question together. Yet in the midst of my anxiety I could not help laughing when Mr. F.* peering through his gold spectacles at the picture of "Cape Riley in a storm" which, dangling in front of the hole in the partition, was meant to conceal temporarily, its use as a window, exclaimed-- "Ah, you Kanes, you Kanes ! Always ingenious ! Scientific ventilation in a barn !" Alas, it was Nature's prompting that made the picture waver to and fro in the draught that poured through the opening, and of her ventilation we already had too much without calling in the aid of "Science". *Fraley Field? ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F5_p097.jpg) The old gentlemen were determined to say pleasant things, and while Mr. F. paid his well-meant but mal apropos compliment to our thorough system of ventilation, another praised the venison, remarking that "Venison was not venison without currant jelly". He did not know that he was finishing the last spoonful of my only jar ! That day the guests strolled off into the woods after breakfast with the air of Crusoes bent on exploring the recesses of the wilderness, and Tom joined me in discussing the great question. The offer made by the Committee was that Tom should take the Mill and run it for three years, he bearing all the expenses and paying for repairs, and they receiving one fourth of the net profits. The lease was made to run over three years because the expenses inevitably attendant upon putting a new mill into running order, clearing, banking grounds and so ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F5_p098.jpg) forth, which would fall upon the Lessee the first year might be recompensed by the gains of the following ones. They reckoned that in those two years Tom could make enough to be an equivalent for the salary they could not make up their minds to raise. He was also to be allowed the lumber for his house at cost price. The offer sounded temptingly, and I am sure was meant to be a generous one. Here was the finest steam-mill in the County, provided with a lathe-machine and planer - close to the Rail- road and situated in an immense virgin forest of the finest timber on whose cutting they placed no restriction. They knew no more than we did what Winter was on Kane Summit, and could foresee no better than ourselves the calamity that would upset the nicest calculations. Tom knew the value of that forest better than ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F5_p099.jpg) any one else, and knew too that in Cornelius he would have a right hand man of long practical experience. He knew much better than I how insufficient our income would be for our wants without some extraneous source of supply. If I were absolutely determined on staying here, we must engage in some business enterprise at the risk of his little capital. This he knew, though he could not make me believe that our expenses must be greater than I fancied they would be. Someone quotes Lord Burleigh as saying "that one ought never to devote more than two thirds of his income to the ordinary expenses of life, since the extraordinary will be certain to absorb the other third." Perhaps it was because our ordinary life proved to be an extraordinary one that I found that our ordinary or calculable expenses were less than one third of those unexpected, as Tom had forseen. He thought that a severe though short struggle ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F5_p100.jpg) lay before him, and that over he would be possessed of enough to allow him to rest and cure his wounds, and then to edit his book on "Tactics" for the Woods, superintend the children's education, establish his Sanitarium and carry out other benevolent schemes, the dreams of his life-time. But he besought me rather to seek the Pacific Slope with him, where we should find as healthy a climate and where the energy and talent he must lock up in the mountains would produce a thousandfold more than they could here. I shrank from either course, dreading on the one hand the unknown risks of the investment here whose success alone could enable us to stay; on the other fearing the effect on my loving- hearted husband of total separation from his kin. I knew how he had grieved because he was absent from his father's death- bed, how dearly he loved his aged mother, ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F5_p101.jpg) and I realised better I thought than he did, how frail his own health was. The thing that distresses me sometimes is that I am not sure that my obstinancy did not overbear my husband's wiser judgment. Yes, if he was right, children, and grand- children, you have me to blame. For I clung to this place and kept him here not then only but a hundred times since, when he was ready to extricate himself at whatever (apparent?) loss. I keep on preaching my small doctrines of " contentment with our situation", "making the best of what we have," and so forth, while Tom feels the capacity for nobler work and a wider sphere. Yet, I ought not to lament over what is done; we prayed so earnestly for guidance. Nothing intervened, no strong inner voice made itself heard forbidding the under- taking. I believe that those who seek direction are guided by the Spirit of God. As yet ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F5_p102.jpg) I do not see clearly why we were led through so much unexpected trouble when we desired success for the purpose of being free to serve God more usefully. Our merciful Father knew the anxiety that was to carve its marks on my dear hus- band's face and bring silver streaks among the black hair before kindly Nature's time. I am sure since "He doth not afflict willingly nor grieve the children of men" that He must have pitied Tom. But our poor little cobwebs were so unsparingly swept down--and on each occasion with space enough of time allowed between the strokes to permit us to construct others ! I found my only comfort in hoping that the blows were aimed and saying through doubt and darkness "Though He slay me, yet will I trust in Him." Blind chance could not have struck so true. Perhaps this ink will not have wholly 3385 3385 372.35 5490 55 27450 27450 3019.50 22921 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F5_p103.jpg) faded from the page, before some one reading it will smile and say, "Poor Grandmother ! If she had known what we know now she would have taken a more trusting hold of the Hand that was leading her." My husband often pleases himself with thinking that I resemble our ancestress Sybil Kent. The notion makes us take an especial interest in a story handed down to us of an incident in her life. She with her children took refuge in Acadie, while Great Grandfather went to London to urge his claim upon Government for losses in the Revolutionary War. One evening his son John, my grandfather, came in from his work, and when she set his supper before him, he said, "Mother, I've finished planting the long field with potatoes". Just beginning to praise his diligence, to tell him what a "comfort" he was, her "eldest son", "her stay" in his father's absence and the like, poor Sybil had scarcely opened her mouth to speak when John brought his hand heavily down on the table-- "Yes, Mother, I have finished--I have set out my last row, tomorrow I go back to the States. There's my place for work !" ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F5_p104.jpg) All day long as she stepped busily to and fro her eyes had caught glimpses of his bending form, and while her motherly heart had been approving his laborious toil, his brain was elaborating plans that upset all hers! No more of the minute earningsof the potato-field --the savings of "candle ends" a few shillings more or less a week. Poor Sybil! He went to the Mohawk River and Six Nations' Country and set up a great trading post, sending in due time for his brothers, and ere her death Sybil saw her sons among the most prosperous ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F5_p105.jpg) citizens of the young Republic. There may have been a wider field awaiting Tom and I may have held him down to the potato-patch. But it seems to me that there is room here for noble work--space for the employment of his highest energies. I see that for work such as he is fitted for, he ought to have less narrow means and better health. But God can help us to both, and if He limits our powers we are not to blame. We tried to do right, and having done what we could need not repine. My dear husband's anxiety to work when he is not able to do it, his being "instant in season and out of season" grieves me often. Constant pain of body has intensified a naturally anxious and forecasting habit of mind. It makes me think tenderly of his mother, when I see his careworn face growing more and more like hers, and see his ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F5_p106.jpg) spirit too, fretting the feeble frame to exertions that it cannot long endure. Oh for a year or two of rest and freedom from pain for him ! He is so useful, so much needed ! Even in the circle of his home, how our growing children need his influence and example. How they flourish in his sunshine when he is a little less suffering than usual ! Yet would I not change his disposition to such a one as that of his cousin and namesake Thomas Leiper Patterson of whom Aunt Ann speaks in a letter I have just received. This gentleman, on receiving the slightest prick of trouble, writes a plaintive letter to his Mother ( anno aetatis illius LXXXI ). The letter written, he dispatches it and his trouble alike to her kind care, and reads a novel to him- self or tells stories to his children, while every one exclaims "Dear Leip ! what ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F5_p107.jpg) a sweet sunny disposition he has ! No wonder everybody loves him". Leiper's hay-crop from the grass-farm his mother gave him a year ago, was to make up for all deficiencies in his income this year; but he forgot, Aunt Ann says, to put his patent Mower (Robert's gift) in order, and the right weather has passed. The rain has spoiled half his ungathered crop; his horse (lent to a party of well-wined diners) having had died of sunstroke. But Leip. can cry out lustily to his Mamma and she will salve his wound. Generous hearted old creature, and unjust as generous ! She once resolved that in order to deal fairly by her other children she would for every dollar given to him give an equal amount to them. But they are thrifty flourishing people. This year she told Aunt Ann she "had determined that their accumulations were large enough. For the ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F5_p108.jpg) future her account-book shall contain no entries of the sums Leiper receives". If she cuts down her own annual expense, no one need know. No one shall blame dear Leiper after his death. The "poor boy" (a boy of fifty odd years !) "has so many children". That extenuating circumstance is quite true. I think there are nine living, without counting those who have dropped out of the world for want of proper care. "Loulie", the large shapeless matron who retains the fretful airs that were piquant in the golden-haired sylph of thirty years ago and are now as inappropriate as her youthful pseudonym--poor Loulie is too much occupied with doing her part in "replenishing the earth" to find leisure to keep all her contributions above the surface of the same. Half-clad, half-educated, those who have straggled past babyhood, are strag- ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F5_p109.jpg) -gling up into womanhood with no provision made for their future, save the smattering of accomplishments which they know need not be remembered beyond the hour when they marry - as they/must to live. To that time they look forward as a Cir- cassian belle to her successful market-day. Leiper's easy indifference keeps him in good health, he has a mother still to minister to his family's needs, sisters to offer a winter's schooling to Nelly, a match- making season to Mary; a brother to help out his grocery and match- making season to Mary; a brother to help out his grocery and market-bills. "It was a pleasure" Mother always said, Mother who was drained by her leeches too, - "to see dear Leiper's cheer- fulness in adversity", his "unaffected gratitude" so sweetly expressed for even "the little" she could aid him with. "Why could not Tom imitate him?" Why indeed ! For his part Tom can't eat, drink and be merry careless of the past, the ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F5_p110.jpg) present and the future, no matter, how often "Leip". points out that one event happeneth to all. Leiper is born a dependent, Tom a helper. And younger dependents I find come as naturally to gnaw at Tom's substance as their elders did at his mother's and he likes them the better the more he does for them.* Just she did ! I could blame her, but I love the trait in Tom. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F5_p111.jpg) CHAPTER EIGHTH IN BUSINESS Before the Committee left us, Tom had closed with their offer. I had had no more acceptable proposition to make, was quite determined to try living here , and not to try living elsewhere. My husband only sought to devote his life to me in the way that would please me best. If I have no other merit I have at least appreciated his goodness to me, and as far as my own happiness is concerned never wished to be elsewhere than here. Having given up his own wish to mine he went to work in no half-hearted way. He had to make his arrangements for his winter's work. As lessee of the Mill he had con- tracts to make for cutting, hauling and delivering logs. He must also arrange to have money ready to pay for all his work, as the payments for ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F5_p112.jpg) sawed lumber would not be made before the spring was well advanced into summer. The house was to be completed also. As "Agent" he had to superintend the great "Estate",* and to devise and carry out plans for its settlement, to lay the lines of future roads and to superintend the work upon them; to protect the settlers from each other and from the worse men who preyed upon all. I was ready and eager to help as far as I could. Mother's old servant, Eliza Johnson, relieved me from the toil- some drudgery of housework which I had neither physical strength nor mental inclination for. Eliza was an "American born" but while she had an immense self-respect she had no fancy for imagining herself a lady. What she liked was to be paramount in the kitchen, and at first she worked very hard. I spoiled her by *Describe and insert map in color of general Kane's divisions into areas he believed contained certain types of values such as pine timber, coal, etc. Oil and gas were as yet not known here although discovered a few score miles away at Titusville in 1859 Bradford the biggest Penna. field North of here was not hit until 1878 No successful wells were drilled at Kane until 18 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F5_p113.jpg) permitting her to rule over me, too, and then she grew insolent and indolent both. I cherished an idea that it was so much better to have her at her worst than to encounter the Mary Arthurs and Roxys of the country again, that I sued sedulously to hide from Tom how little free will I dared exert in opposition to her. That first winter however, all went smoothly. Eliza served us well, and I was glad to believe Tom's assurances that my services as clerk were more useful to him than the cost of two or three servants. Tom turned all his available property into money. He would not mortgage his lands, nor raise money on notes if he could help it. Having advised his mother and her advisers to sell out the 4000 shares owned by the Kane Estate in the McKean and Elk property without effect, he felt free with her consent to sell the 1000 which would be his at her ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F5_p114.jpg) death and invest the proceeds in this Adventure. I may mention incidentally that while he sold at $10 a share the family held on for five years and then sold at $1.25. About that time they began to think their elder brother's judgment was occasionally better than their own ! Tom left the army with several thousand dollars savings-- These were intact, save that he had been obliged to pay Moss, a Jew money lender, the amount with interest of a Note of Mr. R., as I have mentioned before, had taken it and deposited it as collateral security for the amount of the note. He was unable either to pay the note or repay Tom. During the war Cornelius had been paid his salary regularly. This amount was deducted from Tom's salary but it still left him a balance of several thousand dollars as he had never been paid since he became ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F5_p115.jpg) Agent. The Company paid him now. He had also sold some coal land a few months before and had the proceeds in gold coin. Upon the Chicago Stock my father agreed to advance from time to time certain fixed sums. It was agreed that he should pay himself the legal interest of 7 per cent from the divi- dends. Robert Patterson also wrote to offer $5000 to be put in partnership. Altogether Tom could reckon upon about $40,000. He made contracts for the delivery at the mill of as much pine, cherry and whitewood as he could saw in one season, and we were now fairly launched In Business. Tom acted as Head, and as far as I could I was Hands. I kept his Books and the labour was considerable. As Agent he had to keep accounts of ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F5_p116.jpg) the Mining. Surveying and Road Making done under his direction, and to keep the Time Books of the men employed. Duplicate vouchers were required in cases of Road Making that the sums advanced by the Company might be repaid to them by the County or allowed in their favour at the Tax Settlement. An inducement to settlers was offered by giving them all the work the Company had. Then the settler's payments had to be kept, and these were very difficult accounts. For the settlers could not speak English and changed their names and locations half a dozen times before they were satisfied, as for instance Alexander Carlson worked two months on the roads as John Alexander, while a lad was entered on the pay rolls successively as Eonis Monson, Ole Pierson, William Monson and Oliver Monson. I believe that one reason for the changes was that they fancied ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F5_p117.jpg) Americans could not pronounce them. But "MacDonald or Colkitts or Galasp, These rugged names to our like mouths grow sleek" and I have persuaded many of them to keep their Swedish patronynics. I am however advancing too fast in my story. As yet the Glots were our only settlers. In the lumbering Business separate accounts had to be kept with each petty log-jobber, and with the wholesale flour and feed merchants, as we were to advance cash, flour, feed and hay to our men. In addition there were the accounts of Mr. Bright for the house. This was work I liked, and I was able to do it pretty well. And then I enjoyed accompanying Tom wherever he could safely take me. My preoccupation kept me from observing as the children were eagerly doing a thousand facts in ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F5_p118.jpg) Natural History that were new to us. We had such opportunities for instance to study the habits of the deer who were then so wild as not to have learned to fear us ! A little fawn went by me one day not twenty feet from the log I sat on, with my sew- ing in my hand. My husband often saw a doe that came daily with the fawn to drink from the spring near his log cabin. She seemed not to fear him and he ordered the men not to molest her, but one moonlight night some one shot her. All deer are curious and ours were particularly interested in the Railroad and its noises. This eminence was one of their favorite observations, but after our coming to the house to live the deer resorted to the opposite Summit hill where I have often seen the snow trampled by the feet of several "families" who had passed the night looking directly down upon the railroad. The poor creatures ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F5_p119.jpg) fall easy victims to the hunter, and Tom tries hard to prevent the unnecessary cruelty of hunting them with dogs, finding advocates of his human policy in the forest epicures who crave their savoury meat "still hunted". A little salt in a hole in some log lying near one of the springs they "work", soon draws the pretty prey. Any pleasant night the hunter refreshes his bait, climbs into a tree close by, and shoots the doe or fawn with unerring aim, and with no suffering to it but the instants pang. Whereas the hunted deer never fully recovers, old woods- men say, from the effects of its terror if it does chance to escape the dogs, and if it is killed, the meat through which the heated blood has coursed is really unwholesome. Our city friends often wonder my husband does not hunt, I think they can seldom have been in at the death themselves or they would not ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F5_p120.jpg) think it such sport. Human beings who foster the brutal part of their nature, however, give it such strength as overcomes the diviner instinct of pity. Tom saw a deer baited by dogs actually run to the hunter for pity or protect- ion - uttering that strange half-human sound, half-bleat, half-sob that goes to one's heart like the inarticulate cry of a deaf-and-dumb child. And the hunter knifed it promptly ! Old Burlingame tells me that when they know themselves help- less under the knife they throw their heads back and submit their throats to the pitiless - as sheep before their shearers are dumb opening not their mouths. Who that has seen the pitiful appeal of their lovely eyes can forget it! I saw that look not long ago, not many months after she left the kindly South that is, in the eyes of ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F5_p121.jpg) a fagged weary looking colored woman whose graceful movements and soft voice had attracted my attention. "Is that your wife, Henry", I asked of the stout contra- band, "she looks sick!" "No ma'am", he answered turning his eyes toward her receding figure, eyes that were so different from hers - beady black ones with yellow-whites rolling in his coal black countenance. "No ma'am, she's tol'able well; she done got that look running, when we come away". "Oh", I cried remembering suddenly a tale I had heard from our ex-contraband - ex-cavalry trooper-hired man, "Thomas told me about her. They set the dogs on her, didn't they?" "Well, no ma'am" he answered slowly, "I can't rightly say they did. You see I got off first, and when Sherman got down to our ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F5_p122.jpg) country I seen they must pass within five miles of Mars'rs. So I went back and lay round till I seen Sally and giv' her notice. She brought the chil'en out that night, but the whole country was a watchin' the colored folks, and the young men was on our tracks right off. They caught our girl, but we got clear away with the baby - that's William there. We heerd the dogs, but I don't think they set them loose, and there wa'n't a shot hit us. It was thenoise of the dogs and the shots skeered her so, (though they didn't fire more nor six times,) that she never rightly got over it. Ye see she runned herself out." I suppose a doe would give some such description could she speak. "runned herself out"; -- it paints the whole scene for me; the hunted mother, clasping her baby, racing with panting breath and failing knees, not daring to think of the child already lost. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F5_p123.jpg) I can feel for the hunted doe better since I have been able to associate her with the human victim - a victim of Sport also, for it is evident that the young Southerners did not mean to kill her, and only enjoyed the delight of a hunt. But I was not brought up to take interest in bird or beast, and can scarcely understand how my husband and children make friends with all the animals about. As for the children - God's creatures seem all to possess equal beauty to them. I can appreciate the poetry of my curly-headed Evan's appear- ance when he comes in of a sultry day with a lump of wet clay hidden in his tiny hand on which he has induced a couple of butterflies to perch; but I can't repress a shudder when he brings me the "loveliest little toad!", and shows me how much it likes to be stroked along its clammy back by his soft forefinger. Elisha wept bitterly last month in spite of his ten ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F5_p124.jpg) years, when the cat caught a young rat he had petted until it would run out of its hole at the sound of his step, follow him and eat from his hand. They inherit this trait from their father who has also a natural democracy of feeling towards mankind. With all his extreme sensitiveness of sight and smell he endures such dirty people, and actually loves them ! When I aired the room pointedly after the exit of his poor old friend the hermit Burlinghame he asked me if I thought none of the fishermen of Galilee were unwashed ! Not that I cannot sometimes convict my dear husband and fellow-partner of inconsistency in his dealings with his friends the sinners. There were the deserters for instance, of whom there were plenty in the forest at this time while the War still raged. He could not resist hunting them, ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F5_p125.jpg) and I often teasingly inquired what he would do if he caught one? But he never did, for they were too much afraid of him not being always on the watch, and the underwood that lends a friendly concealment to the wild-beast-shelters the hidden man as well. Tom's quick sight would have detected their tracks in lonely places; but deserters are not naturally of the hermit species and they like to be as near the rest of the world as they safely may. There were some whose den a mere burrow in the earth we found after they had left it on our own place not far from the deers' forest-covered lookout. Tom pleaded that he rode after them half following his own, half Clarion's instinct while his mind was busied in calcul- ations of far other nature. And a man making his way on foot to Kane through the woods, following Hoffman's Fork told as a good joke against Tom, how he had ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F5_p126.jpg) suddenly found himself brought to a stand by the command "Halt ! who goes there !" and perceived Tom seated on Clarion's motionless back his loaded revolver covering the wayfarer. The man claimed in his story that he never lost his own presence of mind but availed himself of my husband's apology for his own absence of it to make a better end to the business which was bringing him to Kane than he had hoped. Tom con- fessed that the rustling in the underwood made him forget for a moment that his old horse was not carrying him again over the London mountains. We found traces of the cabin of a real hermit still visible at the foot of our hill where it slopes to the Tionesta. He had lived there quite alone, but went away before we came having found men becoming plentiful enough to be "troublesome". A sham ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F5_p127.jpg) hermit an Ambrose de Lamela - succeeded him whose long white beard gave him a truly dignified appearance. We strongly suspected that his "scrip" was supplied with the requisite "herbs and fruits" from the profits on retailing whiskey to our roughs. We did him injustice, he gave it away gratis to conciliate their favour. He was proved to have passed some counterfeit money, but was probably in hiding from the conseq- uences of some other offence. After he deserted his shanty one of our raftsmen recognized him on a down-river craft. His beard and hair were no longer white, and his age but 28. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F5_p128.jpg) CHAPTER NINTH OUR BUSINESS CIRCLES The first men here after the Indians were the choppers, Americans who cut the straight gap through the forest, following the engineers' transit lines, and passed on, making no stay. But the next comers were Savages -- as different from the lithe American as the Mole is from the Squirrel. These were "Wild Irish Diggers" who brought dirty wives and mothers to cook their messes for them. To these creatures whiskey was the one element wanting to turn the brute into the demon. The contractors were afraid to forbid it them, and during their orgies hid themselves in terror. Nor were the stone-cutters of whom there were fifty or sixty employed, much better. Although they were my own dear Scots chiefly, I must confess that there was a sullen rage about their drunken fury that was worse than the Irish ferocity. With the Irish the ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F5_p129.jpg) priests had some influence, but Protestantism forbid a Scotsman ceasing to drink at the bidding of a Papist ! Father Lonergan was visiting Priest then, a powerful black- haired Irishman, who would knock an erring member of his flock down, as coolly as he might an unruly bell-wether. His successor too, a white-haired Saint who died of con- sumption in a few months, would venture among them in- vested only with the terrors of the spiritual Arm, and stave in whole casks of liquor, though the men were raving round him. But he could not be always on the ground, and Life to peaceably-disposed persons was by no means Liberty and the Pursuit of Happiness. Tom constituted himself a Vigilance Committee of One, and decidedly enjoyed administering rough- and-ready-justice. There was a fellow - a Yankee born, be sure - no one else has the technicalities of the Law at his ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F5_p130.jpg) fingers' ends by gift of Nature apparently - claimed the right to install himself in a hut at the foot of the Rail- road embankment between our hill and the Mill-Yard. It was a choice spot. The stream flows close beside it, the con- tractors' people had made a tiny clearing which had grown up rich with meadow grass. In old times the Elk used to wallow there -(we obtain rich mould for our garden from the place now) and near by we found a large flat rock in which were three circular depressions where the Indian women used to pound their corn before our day. It is our property but at this point the Railroad has a right of way a hundred feet wide. Mr. Fields claimed that the hut stood upon this strip, that he had purchased it from the contractor who built it and that Tom had no right to eject him. He ostentatiously sent in a wagon-load of goods and whiskey, literally under Tom's nose, ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F5_p131.jpg) for the shanty stood just below our house. The laugh was likely to be against Tom, and a Vigilance Committee that is laughed at may go to sleep. After dark Tom went down with Cornelius, who scenting fun, asked no inconvenient questions. They removed the goods to a safe distance but left the whiskey in the empty hut. At one A.M. Tom went down alone - found that Cornelius had, of course accident- ally, dropped pine shavings and chips in and around the house, and that a very little kerosene from the can he carried would when ignited make a very pretty blaze indeed. Next morning there was no Fields Mansion. The Law? Justice? Well, you see-- a woman was stamped to death in an orgy a few nights before. Would you wait for a Judge and Juryman to decide that Hell should not have a gaping mouth before your door; if you could prevent it, and ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F5_p132.jpg) they, perhaps might not. Surely the greatest advocate of Free Trade would admit that here was a case for Protection! Tom now had himself appointed Special Agent for the lands of the Philadelphia and Erie Railroad Company and Ridgway Estate that he might have the right to eject whiskey-sellers as trespassers over a large extent of country, from Emporium to Warren. It seems as if a great many persons had lived here before we came, although we think ourselves to be literally as well as nominally the first settlers - just as Penn felt himself the founder of Philadelphia. But those who were here left no trace or hardly any. The very houses they built are marked only by a little heap of fire-reddened stones, and a slight elevation of the ground where the earth was piled to keep the wind out from the floor. Yet these had been homes enough to be the scenes of domestic tragedies ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F5_p133.jpg) such as our old stone farmhouses may count their scores of years without seeing enacted within their quiet walls. The worst of their kind had disappeared before I came here, but those who remained were bad enough. Each year sees some of the wildest people disappear, and their places are taken the tames or more domesticated animal. Take for instance the dwellers in the "Tie-Shanty" and the Youngs who followed them in their field of labor. It was in 1863 that the R.R. Company employed a contractor for "ties" who skinned the woods along the Line of the ancient young trees. This fellow lived - I was going to say where the Tank is now, but that is gone too - at the place where our road from the icepond crosses the Railroad. One fearful winter's night when the wind was piling the snows high up against the hut, a poor creature made her way to the door. She had come on foot all ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F5_p134.jpg) the way from the settlements, and the hands seated around the stove heard her begging the contractor for admission. They did not interfere considering it his business and not theirs, and they let him drive her from the door. His notion was that his admitting her after he had definitively broken with her months before, might enable her to claim support from him. She toiled on to the nearest shanty, told her tale, and died next day in giving birth to his child, the first baby born in Kane. The contractor left the wood opposite the Mill in such a "hogged up" condition that Tom offered a contract for clearing the ground and supplying the mill with logs from it, to the highest bidder. This contract was taken by John Young. A few weeks after my arrival here I learned that the Methodists were holding Prayer-Meetings in the log-house which Tom had already ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F5_p135.jpg) erected for a School House. -- I was so glad! The class leader I found, when I joined them the next Sunday was this man, Young. It startled me a little, for I knew that he had been accused of stealing some of the Mill-tools which disappeared about this time. Twice, too, clothes had vanished from Mrs. Bright's clotheslines, and the suspicions of our people rested on Young. The eloq- uent fervor with which he pleaded his innocence made me urge my husband not to prosecute the matter. I was convinced that our profane and patriotic Bucktails were prejudiced against a godly man, partly because he was a Kanucker, that is, a Canadian. I could understand their prejudice the more readily that I was forced to admit that Brother Young's face was against him. I always feel my heart go out to meet those who claim kindred ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F5_p136.jpg) with me in the name of Christ, but I myself was conscious of what we Scotch folks call "a scunner" on meeting the glances of those shallow black eyes. His coarse black hair overhung a face seamed and pitted with small-pox, and he had the large mouth, loose flabby/and ready command of tears often possessed by eloquent speakers. But he was gifted with a melod- ious voice and sang exquisitely. Circumstances carried us often to their shanty in the Mill Yard. His wife, a gentle, pretty little woman very subdued and quiet in her manner, had miscarried and became my patient. It ought to be mentioned in Mrs. Bright's honour that when I summoned her in spite of the invalid's weak remonstrance to aid me in changing her night-dress, it was only my attention that she called by a movement of her finger, to the letters "M. Bright" ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F5_p137.jpg) on the discarded garment. She removed it to her own home and I never heard of her mentioning the matter. Indeed the condition of the family appealed to every one's pity. Before the wife was well enough, in my opinion, to be up, the husband cut his foot open with an axe, and she had to nurse him and attend to their little children. Tom dressed his foot daily, and I used to carry them something from our dinner-table at the same time. One day Tom was busy and I went alone, some hours earlier than usual. Young was better and had gone out, the wife said. The children were playing outside, yet as I sat there I had an uneasy sensation as if we were not alone. Mrs. Young too, seemed uncomfortable, and I soon took my leave, but after leaving the hut found myself constantly looking back. Before I had lost sight of the house a man peeped out, and ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F5_p138.jpg) after a little hesitation struck into the woods. It was a light haired young fellow - certainly not her husband. Where could he have been? Under the bed? There certainly was no other place in the single room of the shanty which had not been under my eyes. I mentioned the circumstance to Tom, saying I did not know why it made me uncomfortable, and he agreed with me that I had better not go there alone again. The cessation of our visits probably gave the cue to the scene that followed a few days after. I was sewing by the window in the nursery, when Tom entered the adjoining room followed by Young. Through the thin board partitions I could hear every word of their conversation, but as the only exit from the nursery was through our room I was forced to be an eavesdropper. "Well, Mr. Young" began Tom, "what can ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F5_p139.jpg) I do for you? I see your lameness now is much less than mine". "Oh, General Kane" he answered "the pain in my foot is nothing. nothing! My honour has been betrayed. The wife who has drunk of my cup and slept in my bosom is false; my heart is broken". Here he wept, and what Tom said I did not hear, nor what followed, for their voices were lowered -- proofs I suppose of the charge he brought, for he ended by saying: "To you, General Kane, as one set on a hill, I come for counsel. What shall Ido?" "Shoot the beast and bury him!" was the promptly spoken advice that rang out in my dear Judge Lynch of a husband's clear tones. Young shrank back in holy horror. To fleece the sinner came nearer his idea of the proper course of action - Indeed he had already ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F5_p140.jpg) obtained from Reed an order on General Kane for the full amount of the wages due him. He tendered it with a gentle sigh, saying in his melancholy musical voice, "No, General Kane, far be it from me. The Lord will avenge his own elect. The poor man is robbed of his ewe lamb; tempt him not to lose his self-respect, the only possession left him! And may the Lord forgive you, General, and teach you one day to know the rich fulness of consolation to be found in prayer!" I have to interrupt myself. I am only repeating part of what the man said, but I feel guilty of profanity in doing so. Tom inquired what he proposed to do. He answered, "General Kane, the world is wide. I will leave them to Heaven's justice and go forth alone. I will pray that rep- entance may be her portion, and ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F5_p141.jpg) that we may meet yonder! I will not tarry here". "And the children, Young", asked Tom in a very quiet voice, "what about them? They are your very image?" "Yes, General, they are mine", he said. But I cannot bear to look upon their faces; for her blood flows in their veins. Nor will I separate them from her; - perchance they may lead her to repentance. No, I will but ask of you to pay me for the logs I have cut, and the few dollars (one hundred and thirty four 75/100 !) on that criminal's order, and I shall remove myself forever. "May, I trust"--here his voice faltered-- "that the well-known benevolence of your sweet lady will follow up the footsteps of the erring one, and watch over my desolate lambs!" Tom is generally a ready-witted man, but he was dumb for a minute or two; from com- ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F5_p142.jpg) passion I supposed. As for me, I was quite carried away by "the pity of it" and dropped a tear or two on my sewing. I knew Tom well enough to be aware that there was somethingominous in the low tone in which he spoke, though all he said was, "Give me the order, Young". "Here it is, General. May the blessings of--", but he went no further, for Tom flashed out, "You damned hypocritical scoundrel! So h------ You'd leave that helpless woman with four hungry children on her hands. You know well, she can't get work anywhere with a year old baby and herself just off a sick-bed. They must starve, or is she to sell herself for bread to put in their mouths--or are they all to live on me? No Sir! Mrs. Kane has orphans enough to feed. Do you see this order, Young? If its the price of her shame, she shall have it and not you. I'll pay it out ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F5_p143.jpg) for the family support, and while you're with them you can eat your share, if it doesn't choke you! As to your job, you know well enough, you lazy hound, that you've only done the easiest part. You shall stay to finish it. What's more, I'll have the station watched and if you attempt to steal away without your wife and children, I swear to God you shall be thrashed till there isn't a whole bone left in your body!" It is almost incredible--but it is true that the injured husband - the insulted saint, continued the conversation. There was only a momentary pause before he replied; "General, I will finish the contract I have undertaken since you hold me to it. I will, I will. But General"-- this in the most plaintive tone--"you will yet repent the words you have this day spoken. Yes! May the Lord forgive you the ungodly ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F5_p144.jpg) suspicions you entertain of an honest man. My hands are clean in His sight.--I invoke". What might have followed was lost in the noise of his summary ejection. The stairs from the trap door were very narrow for two men, but my impression judging from the sounds was, that Tom threw himself bodily upon his inter- locutor and forced him through the opening with such impetus that they both reached the "vestibule" in an instant of time. Young went back to his cabin. The wages of sin did not choke him, for he lived with Mrs. Young and the children on Reed's wages until his job was finished. We have heard of him since in Canada West, still living with the same wife, still leading the Evening Exercises, his little girls' voices chiming in with his melodious notes. Mrs. Young ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F5_p145.jpg) was said to be a little more subdued than ever, but she was restored to her place in her lord's affections and a fifth child blessed their union. I wonder if she shared in the denunciations the saintly man began here of "that man of blood, General Kane"! We found the key to Young's remark that Tom should yet repent his treatment when we came to saw the cherry logs he had cut. Flying round at speed our best and biggest saw broke in a number of pieces. Young had driven long spike nails into the logs, a piece of revengeful ingenuity not uncommon among lumbermen. The saw cost $550 and its loss was peculiarly inconvenient at a time when the Mill was running day and night. But we were thankful that the steel fragments hurt no one. The sawyer had a narrow escape. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F5_p146.jpg) Chapter X Poor Cornelius! The Youngs, I remember, left Kane just when the wild geese were flying South. The melancholy clangor of these birds of passage as they flew low under the dismal grey skies oppressed my heart. Autumn was closing in with every presage of a severe winter, and I felt painfully that we were bound down to face it out. I envied the birds, free to obey the instinct that bade them shun the coming cold. One afternoon Tom was reckoning over Young's logs with Joe Barnes, and their dissatisfied consultation was pro- longed until I grew tired of waiting for my husband's escort and strolled slowly homeward with Cornelius. The old man looked lead coloured to the very lips, and was muffled in a great coat. He had received a severe blow in the chest a day or two ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F5_p147.jpg) before in one of the many "slight casualties - no one injured", which were constantly occurring on our imperfectly built railroad. We paused to wait for Tom at the end of the trestle and I noticed, without attaching any significance to it, that he kept his hand on his breast as he talked. He pointed out some of his tokens of the character of the coming winter, adding "Yes, child, the next snows will lie, for all the streams are full. The snows never lie till then. You may look your last at the bare ground tonight. Do you see them clouds banked up there? There will be snow before two hours". He shivered as he looked towards the West; poor old Cornelius! I never see a long streak of lemon-coloured sunset under a leaden sky across the hemlocks without recalling his face that last evening of autumn! He had been so full of all he was to do to help his beloved ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F5_p148.jpg) General Kane in his lumbering that winter. Instead of this, the snow he had foretold had not covered the ground a week when word was brought that Corn- elius was lying sick at Glots old cabin in the woods. No one ever thought of sickness attacking Cornelius, one felt it must be a severe illness to which he would succumb. He was always proud of his "tough" strength. I promised that my husband should go out to see him when he returned from St. Mary's at noon. It was the 12th of November and the snow fell all day. My journal, not yet intermitted by hard work, was very particular in recording those first snowstorms. I am used to them now. Barnes the foreman sent me word that he "would like me to pick out the trees I wanted cut." I was puzzled, and still more so when he made his appearance with three other skilful choppers. He ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F5_p149.jpg) told me that one of the buildings in the mill-yard had been crushed in by a falling tree, and in his opinion the weight of snow on the trees overhanging the stable made our stay there unsafe. Any hour a wind rising might bring them crashing down upon our roof. So down they cut several of Tom's pet nobles of the forest - trees which he had saved from destruction with so much care to ornament our dwelling. I remonstrated faintly, but yielded; the children wept and I speculated on the beautiful furniture I could have made from the "curly maple" of one of them - the fines, Barnes said, he had ever seen. --The logs were all burned after- ward in our great fire except the piece that forms the poished slab of my quaint Swede-made bureau. I sent for Tom when train-time came, but the sled returned empty. No trains on time today, was ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F5_p150.jpg) the message from the station-master. Still it snowed, and I felt afraid the Railroad would become impassable. At nightfall a freight train was due. All the evening we watched and waited, deceived a dozen times by wailing sounds that proved to be the wind among the tree tops and not the panting train. At half past eleven we gave up expecting it and after arranging every- thing in case Tom should come we went to bed. I awaked suddenly crying "There's the engine!" before I knew that I was really hearing it. We recognised the whistled Down Brakes, and then the signal to proceed, and knew that it must have stopped at the foot of the hill, so Eliza and I rose and rapidly dressed ourselves. While Eliza put on the kettle to give him a cup of hot tea I pressed my face against the window and watched for my husband. How long it seemed before I saw him suddenly quite near at hand, ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F5_p151.jpg) as if one of the black tree stems relieved against the snow had suddenly started into life. Two minutes more and he was safe beside the fire. So bitter had been the storm that the wind had effaced our waymarks with heaps of drifted snow. Although it was over and the moon shining, my husband had lost himself and was over an hour reaching home. He was tired out, but expressed most regret that he had been obliged to bury in the snow a little basket of eggs he had brought me from St. Mary's. . He asked what the thermometer marked, showed me the Lincoln and Johnson flag he had brought, and talked so fast and eagerly, but in a harsh hoarse voice, that I was frightened. I don't think he was delirious, but he was so feverish and exhausted, that the reaction of rest, fire, heat and food warmth was sufficient stimulus to make ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F5_p152.jpg) unduly conversational - at least for One o'clock A.M. I was afraid he might ask about Cornelius, but fortunately his name did not happen to occur among his inquiries. In the morning Tom was feverish and said when the getting-up bell rang "Bess, it's Sunday, isn't it?" "Yes, dear". "I'M so glad, then there's no business to force me to rise. I shall try to rest the fatigue of yesterday away". I hesitated, and he read the hesitation instantly-- "Something's wrong? Tell me, what's the matter!" When he knew that Cornelius was ill, he ordered Clarion saddled, and dressing himself hurriedly started off to visit him. I anathematised the old man for being sick at so in- ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F5_p153.jpg) convenient a time, for I feared Tom would have a return of the Pneumonia he had suffered from after Chancellorsville. I thought he would be back about noon and that the children and I would meet him. So we started off, after our little Sunday service was over, following his horse's tracks through the soft snow. What a lovely scene we saw. Every- thing out of doors was fairy like in its glistening purity. Each branch and twig was coated with ice so that the distance became a hazy veil of white lace work over a steel-blue or gray or golden horizon as the moods of the day were on to evening. I appear to have been much impressed by the perfect stillness. None of the usual ringing sounds of the axe, the ox-drivers calling, the mill-noises, nor railroad whistles. Even the ordi- ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F5_p154.jpg) nary "Sabbath" sound of occasional shots was silenced, for the party of Cornplanter's Indians who had been encamped near us had gone home the day before, well laden with the "spoils of the chase" i.e. greenbacks. There was no romance about those Indians, no jerking of venison in the camp for the winter supply of the lodges. They simply carried the deer to the station and sold it there at 7¢ a pound, and then took through tickets to their own R.R. depot. Thus nowadays "The Percy deals in malt, the Douglas in red herrings". We had returned home discouraged had dined, and waited long for tea before Tom rode up. He announced that "poor old Dave, dear old Dave" had pleuro-pneumonia. It was undoubtedly induced by the inflammation caused by the blow received in the accident, ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F5_p155.jpg) and aggravated by cold. After that, no matter how it stormed Clarion carried his master out to Glats early in the morning and returned late at night. Once he carried little Elisha out en croupe, and as they returned, a furious snowstorm came on in which they went astray. The night was well advanced before Clarion floundered through a piece of swampy woodland to a track that brought them to the road. Tom was proud of the fortitude our delicate boy showed, but I protested that these testings of his courage were a tempting of Providence. My husband passed day after day at Cornelius' bedside, nursing him as though he owed him filial love and duty. Nor could the old man have had more kindness shown him by a daughter than his good hostess evinced. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F5_p156.jpg) One of his daughters did come after a few days in answer to Tom's summons. A very useful visit hers was! She brought two noisy little children with her, spoilt brats who demanded "Ma's" attention every other minute. Mrs. Glat good simple soul, was very near her confine- ment. When we drove up to the door in our rough sledge, we found her toiling over her stove preparing a meal for her gorgeous guest. Instead of helping her, Mrs. Owens, arrayed in a rustling silk dress, over an elaborately worked white petticoat, sat idly rocking in a creaking chair while her father's eyes followed her motions with a strained uneasy gaze. He was too weak and too much perturbed by delirium to express the annoyance it evidently caused him. Mrs. Owens when she saw us wept the ready tears demanded by custom, and with almost ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F5_p157.jpg) fine lady insolence, lamented that "Pa' would come out to such places. Couldn't he be moved? The 'family' couldn't be expected to nurse him here, certainly. There wasn't a room fit for a body to sit down in". Tom gave her a short address of a forcible character, but without much effect. For she quietly went home that afternoon leaving poor "Pa". Next day we found Mrs. Glat laid up. Cornelius had been delirious all night, and she had to coax him and even wrestle with him to keep him in bed. Her husband was away, and the brave woman almost gave her life for her patient's. Her baby came into the world before its time, and she suffered terribly from having overstrained herself. Little "Barbara-Adelberta" did her seven years old best to aid her mother, but we were much ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F5_p158.jpg) rejoiced when word was brought us, that if we would send out for her Mrs. Cornelius would come out to her husband. This was to ask for the services of a man and team at $5.50 per day at a time when we needed them particularly. However nothing was too much if it would gratify Cornelius, and we hoped the nursing of so well known as a "notable woman" would work great changes. On the fifth day the horses were returned, and we stepped into the sled immediately and drove to Glats. We found Cornelius gasping on his back, Mrs. Cynthy hiccuping hysterical sobs, and a lank Elder Smithers whom she had brought with her was praying aloud. She had also brought their daughter Samantha, and the two had spent the hours since their arrival dinning ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F5_p159.jpg) in his ears their own sordid anxieties mingled with entreaties to prepare for death. He must make a will - and repent of his sins - must repent of his sins and make a will. How could he have so long neglected to make some arrangement to secure Ma's interest in the farm from Dave Lennox his son-in-law. He must fix that up. And how did he cal'late to provide for his spinster daughter Samanthy herself? And he must have Elder Smithers pray with him. And O-O-Oh how unfit he was to die! And he was dying, sure, leaving a helpless widder- woman behind him. And no provision made for her future here, or his hereafter--oh--oh--oh! It was no wonder that Cornelius was on the verge of a relapse. Tom packed off the Elder and Samantha on a passing sled with scant ceremony. Mrs. Cornelius threatened to ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F5_p160.jpg) follow. Tom escorted her out of doors, and told her the condition of her husband, and that in her controlling her feelings sufficiently to nurse him tenderly lay his only chance of recovery. He was too ill now to make his will. Interest, and I suppose some real affection for the wayward warmhearted husband of her youth, induced Mrs. Cynthia to give her promise to treat him as Tom requested. Thenceforward all went well. We found her always beside him, with neat dress and apron, and busy fingers, repairing vents in his working clothes or serving him with appetising food. Her cleanly thrifty ways, it must be confessed, introduced a new brightness into the kind slovenly Glat household. Cornelius passed days of unwonted happiness with her. He admired her so much, and was so accustomed to be scolded ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F5_p161.jpg) her that this new kindness visibly improved his health. As he grew better his interest in our lumbering revived. He used to lie quietly watching Tom as he wrote his business papers at his bedside (for Tom had no idle time to spend) and loved to be advised with. As soon as his strength permitted he was moved to the mill boarding-house, whence he could crawl out leaning on his stick to watch the jobbers bringing in their logs. But the scout, the active hunter, the fleet runner, was no more. The bent shadow of a man that crept about our haunts bore his name for one summer only before death released him. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F5_p162.jpg) CHAPTER XI KANE'S CO-OPERATIVE STORE We had both been interested in the system of co- operative stores, and early determined to plant one in this virgin soil for the benefit of our employees. My husband called together all the men of the settlement, and explained the principles upon which they should act. They seemed pleased by the idea, but when the time came to put it in practice, the number of individuals whom the rest would trust with the funds of the joint stock partners dwindled shockingly. Abraham failed to save Sodom for want of ten righteous men among the population of that thriving settlement. The founder of Kane discovered that cooperation was about to fail for want of one honest man. He offered to take charge of the funds which was ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F5_p163.jpg) agreed to unanimously. New difficulty. No one had any funds to be taken charge of! All the men were in the habit of obtaining supplies on credit, and it was but natural that the storekeepers should furnish them at an advance of fifteen to twenty per cent on ordinary retail prices--the security being unquestionably bad. To prevent a collapse of the enterprise Tom agreed to buy such supplies as they needed at wholesale, and retail them at cost price. With this arrangement they seemed well satis- fied, and I was quite willing to do my share of the work he had undertaken. I felt repaid for my trouble in the praise Tom bestowed on the neatly written columns of my Flour, Feed, Molasses, Sugar, Tea &c accounts, and had a childish enjoyment of the letters I received from ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F5_p164.jpg) my correspondents the wholesale dealers, variously addressed to E.D. Kane Esquire, and General E.D. Kane. I prided my- self on my mechanical accuracy as a book-keeper, but was completely at sea when it came to that mental book-keeping "hog-longitude" Tom called it, by which I found him always better aware than myself how our business actually prospered. Our co-operative store throve in one sense. There was an active demand for our goods. But as an experiment in co- operation it was a failure. To start an enterprise designed to show itself to be self-supporting, it should have been established on a sound business footing. Almsgiving intruded itself dis- guised as Philanthropy. The free and independent citizens who worked for us, knew that they needed no alms. Philanthropy was utterly out of the range of their calcula- ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F5_p165.jpg) tions but they calculated closely all the motives within their ken. What reason impelled General Kane to lie out of his money exacting no interest - to store the supplies in his own dwelling - to give Mrs. Kane's time as saleswoman and book-keeper to make no charge for the freight and expensive hauling from the depot? When they found that the articles furnished were superior in quality to those which they were used to buying it upset one of their anticipations; they had expected some damaged goods to be foisted upon them - some army stores perhaps in which Kane unknown to them had an interest. Then they supposed he was setting up a "tommy-shop" like most of the lumbermen round, at which they would be compelled to deal no matter how high the prices, on pain of dismissal. When it was whispered ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F5_p166.jpg) that a calculator had "figured up" by comparison with the stores at Smethport and Warren that each purchaser made an actual gain - they were still more puzzled. Sure that we must be making a heavy percentage somewhere, our men were shrewd enough to patronise us, so long as our goods were manifestly cheaper and better than those they could obtain elsewhere. When it came to "taking hold themselves" ah; that was a different matter--they couldn't afford it! There was no help for it; our shop acquired a Reputation, which extending into the next County, occasioned our eyes being opened to the truth. A man rode in from one of the clearings in Highland Township Elk County, a half days journey from the rail- road, and knocking loudly on our stable-door with the butt end of ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F5_p167.jpg) his whip, asked for "Kane's woman", without dismounting. He handed me a tin measure bidding me fill it with Syrup "against he returned from the station". I demurred. "General Kane," I said mildly "only keeps these articles for the benefit of our own people". But he tossed me a greenback as he rode off saying, "You needn't be skeered. I hain't time to go round to Bright's, and I'll pay you just as much as him and you needn't let on". When he came back, Tom called him in to explain his mysterious phrase. Then it all came out. It was not solely the marvellous powers of consumption of the Bright family and their boarders which had occasioned their surprising ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F5_p168.jpg) demand for syrup. The dear creatures let me measure it out at wholesale price to them and sold it again at an advance to those who had not their privilege as "co-operatives" and had given it to be understood that they had a private arrangement with Tom--a sort of "Patent Right for Outsiders". Well, well, if I was silly enough to do it, why should I cavil at thrifty souls for profiting by my silliness! After my illness, when I could no longer venture into the chilly "vestibule" to wait upon my customers they were sorry enough to lose the benefit of Kane's store, and seeing no evidence of any profit resulting to Tom from its operations decided that he had been cultivating the popular vote with an eye to Congress! If it had ever occurred, which it never did, ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F5_p169.jpg) to any man there to believe Tom's statement that he simply wished to benefit them, he would have fallen immensely in their estimation. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F5_p170.jpg) Book II of CARBONS CHAPTER XII "This is the way we build a house, build a House!........Nursery Rhyme Knowing what pleasure I took in the building of the new house, Tom left a large part of its supervision to me. He really had matters of more importance to attend to-- otherwise his better brain would long before mine have fathomed the truth--that Bright knew nothing about what he had under- taken!! He could build the ordinary frame houses of the country, contracting to put in so many rooms, so many doors and so many windows; for then, as he ingenuously remarked, he "could work without them drawings to worry himself by". But our house was a White Elephant to Bright; poor Bright, who thought himself a made man when he secured the contract. He grew ten years older puzzling his brains over the plans. Every day he came to me with some ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F5_p171.jpg) ingeniously framed speech the gist of which was however always the same, "Come over to Macedonia and help us". From what I have learned since I believe that his work was a successive placing of wrong ends first, but that was partly the fault of his journey- men. Two of them were much better workmen than himself and he would blindly follow their advice. When their wages were much in arrear they gave him counsel that led to his making a fool of himself and then laughed at him. I think he had never seen the architectural drawings of a house before. He would spread them out before me, and with rueful looks inquire, "Now, Mrs. Kane, what do you make of that, and that? They don't match anywheres!" "But, Mr. Bright, isn't this on the West, and this on the East side? Why must they ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F5_p172.jpg) match?" I would query in my turn. "Don't say! Well, now I look at it, I guess that's what the feller did mean," he would say brightening up. What misery the numerous hips and valleys of the roof- plan caused not only to him but to us subsequently! One novelty that he introduced accidentally, has given us a leak at one spot that no one can remedy, unless by rebuilding the roof of the wing entirely. Prompted by his malicious "gurs", as he wrote the word "jours" for journeymen, Bright was constantly sending me the most extraordinary lists of hardware to be instantly ordered from Erie. Sometimes they were used as apologies for stoppages in the work; sometimes I think in the mere reckless- ness of desperation. Of this character were the demands for those boxes of ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F5_p173.jpg) hardware that I have by me now - fastenings for window-blinds for one thing, the very last article to be needed on the completed house. He made me send for them before the building was framed; and yet he could never remember from day to day the quantities he really needed of nails and similar articles. "Gorg must have crus for his job today"--was his phonetic way of intimating the necessity of providing George with screws to complete today's unfinished job. I am puzzled now to think how Bright contrived to be so very long in finishing that wing, and how we bore it so patient- ly. To be sure the difficulties of building at all then were present to our minds and now they are fading from our recollect- ion. There was the kitchen chimney for ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F5_p174.jpg) instance. When Bright at last said he was ready for it, the weather had grown so cold that bricklayers shook their heads and declined the job until spring. We shivered at the idea, but for some time shivered without remedy. At length we entertained an angel unawares. One of Tom's old soldiers came to the barn, and was as usual received with such hospitality as we had to offer. He went up to look at the new house, and of course heard the story of our latest difficulty. "Why", cried he "I'm a first rate bricklayer! The Gen- eral shan't pass the winter in the barn if my hands can prevent it." To work he went. He had his main mortar bed in the cellar, set like a moat around an old tower-like stove we had there. He then rigged up another on stones in the chimney- aperture to keep ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F5_p175.jpg) the bricks and mortar from freezing as he worked. Out of doors a rousing bonfire warmed the bricks which were brought him "hot and hot" like slapjacks, in relays by two men. At night a watch- man kept the fires going steadily. Simon was a man of resources. When he came to a stand still for want of an iron bar to strengthen the arch above the kitchen fire place, he did not, like Bright request me to send to Erie for the article. --Bright would probably have added a set of bright steel fire-irons to the order as likely to be needed some day! No, Simon said, "No iron, sure, now? Steady, Think again. No old wheels or--?" "Stop, I do remember", I interrupted eagerly. "I'm almost sure there's an old cart and part of a wheel lying behind an old shanty ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F5_p176.jpg) by the spring. "Yes," Barnes assented, "it was Lu' Ritter's cart- wheel, but whether the General would reckon - bein' as Lu had run away in debt to him -- that he might claim the cart - or leastwise the wheel - or". But the active Simon was half way down the hill before honest Joe had made up his mind as to the equitable rights involved, and soon reappeared trudling the wheel lightly up beside him. "If Ritter ever comes back to pay his debts and collect his dues," he laughed soon after "I'll defy him to collect the tire of his wheel out of that chimney". But poor Simon's laughter and cheerful ways soon deserted him. He caught a violent cold, but persevered in his work, and ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F5_p177.jpg) carried the chimney stack through the roof before he succumbed to a pleuritic attack. We took the invalid into our own - barn to nurse him properly - giving up the dining room to him where we made him a shakedown on the floor. Giving up the dining room was not the sacrifice it sounds, for the weather at this time had grown so cold that we were forced at meals to sit with out feet tucked under us to protect them from the icy draught that whistled through the gaping floor. Cold as it was, it was warmer than the loft in the mill-shanty which Simon had shared with fifteen other sleepers; and we were able to feed him well. Winter had come upon us, indeed, and it proved more severe than our worst anticipations. Even by the 22nd of November the show that was to last all winter was lying deep upon the ground. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F5_p178.jpg) It was not only the flooring that had shrunk, the lining boards that were our tapestry, our French hangings, our hard-finished walls were now separated by inch-wide gaps, through which the air of heaven came freely. I have been careful not to speak of our board linings as our papered wall: we now proceeded to paper it. All the children were pressed into the service, and made to cut newspapers into long strips, and when all we had collected were prepared we soaked them in buckets of paste and crowded them into the chinks until they were filled, after which we pasted stout strips of brown paper over our papier mache; and then the children decorated the surface with wood cuts from Punch and the Illustrated London News. In time the cracks widened, the pictures split, and the papier mache' fell out, but it served our purpose during the "cruel" cold. How cheerful ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F5_p179.jpg) How thankful for the blessing of the (comparatively!) warm house, when the mercury in the thermometer out of doors retreated to- gether from sight. The lowest mark it registered was 22° bel. zero which it had sunk below on the 10th of December, a day noted to me because it was the first on which I ever saw Eliza turn a pan of milk bottom upwards on the table, and after striking it smartly with the hatchet, the solid contents came out in one cake, from Which she chopped off a lump to melt in the kettle for breakfast. Kerosene was a greasy Roman Punch; we had to place our ink bottle on the stove if we wished to keep its contents fluid. The beef was frozen so fast to the wall that the iron hook on which it hung came out first before the meat parted from the boards. When a steak was sawed off, the dust of fat and muscle flew in particles like bone shavings. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F5_p180.jpg) A log hut would have been much warmer with its solid wooden walls, mud-chinked, but we had none to go to. It may be believed that we looked with longing eyes at the house that showed itself rising among the leafless trees! But even the children felt that the trial was a sufficiently grave one to be worthy of their best exercise of cheerful patience. Privations that we could not help noticing, we unanimously noticed with jests, and when we felt loneliness, foreboding or repining we drove them away or bore them in silence. Those months in the barn have become a tale that is told, and we ourselves almost forget the reality of our sufferings. "A wet sheet and a flowing sea", joyously sings the returned voyager, recounting his experiences of the free ocean life; and forgets how earnestly he longed at times for a shipwreck if but to keep the vessel still an hour! ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F5_p181.jpg) Poor Simon was deeply interested in the welfare of the fowls, his neighbors. He maintained that the sounds they uttered were expressive of suffering, as they ascended to him through the floor. So Charlie crawled under the barn and found that the cock's bright comb was like a cinder, and his poor wives were minus half their frozen toes. It helped to amuse my patient to doctor and tend his fellow sufferers, and he brought them triumphantly through their calamities. We had guests in the barn, I have said. It was during the worst of Simon's illness, that one gentleman rode to the door. Word was brought to me that he was an ex-captain of Bucktails. Tom was not at home, and the dinner hour was at hand. We had been taking our meals in my sleeping loft, but I scarcely liked to entertain a stranger there. So I bade them set the table in ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F5_p182.jpg) dining-room, and descended to greetmy guest. I hoped he would leave after dinner, which we ate on the side of the table farthest removed from Simon's couch. But he was bent on seeing "his old commander" before he left, and I had to bring my sewing down and sit with him all the afternoon. I shifted Simon's pillows, substituted a soft comforting poultice for his blister, and our talk soothed him into a refreshing slumber. The Captain seemed slightly embarrassed to find that Hospitality introduced him into a Hospital, and started once or twice when a hoarse utterance from the fowls beneath mingled with the sleeper's laboured breathing. But I amused myself by pretending that I saw nothing unusual in our circumstances. My spirits sank, it is true, as the hands of the clock moved round toward nightfall. When Tom came in to tea he gave me ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F5_p183.jpg) a sympathetic glance. I stole after him when he withdrew to wash his hands. "Tom", I cried anxiously "what must I do? That man evidently means to stay all night, and you know I had to let two Bucktails come to sleep with Charley in the 'vestibule' and the corporal has to have the hammock in the kitchen". "No help for it, dear", he returned, "every shanty is as full as ours. The captain must either sleep with Simon or in the open air." "And shall we eat in the dining-room? I can't move poor Simon out", I continued. "Oh yes, Bessie dear. Make the best of it, my darling. Laugh at trifles: we have troubles to face, enough and to spare", my husband answered. So the Captain shared Simon's couch, and the sick man's short gasps bore a dismal accompaniment to our meals. The brave fellow ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F5_p184.jpg) insisted on finishing his chimney as soon as he could move without pain. He contrived to put a temporary cap to it that would make it safe until spring should enable out of door work to be done. Then he went on his way, and I saw him no more. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F5_p185.jpg) CHAPTER XIII Wild Beasts Dark and dismal as the stable was, we felt that some brightness must be brought to surround the Christmas Day for the children's sake. For our own too. Since our reverses it was the first Christmas in a home of our own, and if we were to spend it nearer the roof than was quite comfortable, why we obtained a more realising sense of the fact that we owned one. So I made a Plum-Pudding, and we had Roast-Beef, potatoes and cabbage and onions, the three blessed esculents which do not need to be fresh plucked, and are within reach of the poorest. The barn was decked with evergreens, and we presented the children with a wooden baby-house and sled newly made by Bright. Then there ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F5_p186.jpg) was a generous display of the toys of more munificent Christmas, stored away and forgotten by the little owners. Now the elder children greeted them with double pleasure as former friends, and were permitted to give away some to the younger ones. We had planned taking them a sleigh ride, but so many men kept dropping in one after another, each pleading for just one minutes' interview on particular business with my husband and each protracting his minutes indefinitely, that the children grew tired of waiting and went to play with the new sled. I was obliged to forbid their going out of sight of the windows, though I did not tell them why. We had killed our pig in anticipation of Christmas a few days before, and marks in the snow showed plainly where two wolves had prowled round the tree on which the carcase hung, and tramped the stained ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F5_p187.jpg) snow in devouring the offal left at the butchering place. Then they had lain down in the empty pig-pen. Barnes thought they had been round about the house all night. I knew there was no fear of their coming out in daylight yet a little child might tempt them, and the forest depths might shelter them within a very few yards of our door. Nobody minds wolves here, they say, yet as I watched my children play- ing, I though with a heart full of sympathy of what another mother suffered only the winter before. It was Mrs. Huillhart, whose husband had "squatted" in the log-cabin we now use as a shelter for calves on our Hay Farm. It was all deep forest then except a tiny space round the hut itself. I never met Mrs. Huillhart though I rode over two or three times to see her, but her nearest neighbour Mrs. Glat ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F5_p188.jpg) told me the reason afterwards, "Mrs. Huillhart" she said "was a reel lady, lady born, and when she heard you coming she used to run into the woods and hide, that you might not see what tatters she was brought down to". It was Mrs. Glat who mentioned to me the little episode I was remembering that Christmas evening. In the coldest days of the preceding winter, Huillhart had gone away on one of his long absences, leaving his wife half dependent on Glats charity. There were three children with her, the eldest a boy of fourteen. A fever took him, in which he became delirious. One night some wolves came howling round the cabin. I suppose they were eager for food for the snows had lain too long for wild animals to find much to eat in the woods. The little children cried with fright, but she pacified them and tried to ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F5_p189.jpg) reassure herself by fastening the simple bar of the crazy-door and barricading the frail window sash. What was her horror when the boy in his fever leaped from the bed and rushing past her strove to tear the door open "to let in the poor dogs that were crying". It took all her strength to hold him back, and soothe him into willingness to go to bed. When Mike Glat came, like a good fellow as he was, with milk for the boy in the morning, he found the poor woman almost insane with the terror she had undergone. I can readily believe that Mrs. Huillhart had known enough of better days to suffer acutely under her privations. Her husband had received an excellent education at one of the great German Scientific Schools. He was a civil engineer. Those great hands of his executed ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F5_p190.jpg) topographical maps whose workmanship was as accurate as it was dainty. Of all the engineers who traversed this ground we find now that the country is open to sight that his mapping of the contour lines is most reliable. In the field the chief of the surveying party would always assign to John Huillhart the most ignorant and stupid chain carriers and axemen. Our learned Little John would disappear with them - and reappear with his work done before the other engineers had half-completed theirs. Such a man should have been at the head of his profession - and would have been could he but have refrained from drinking. For when he was as much to be dreaded as a Berserkar in his rage. It was a long while before I decided whether Huillhart was very handsome or very ugly. He had curly brown hair, beard the colour of a ripe chestnut, dark ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F5_p191.jpg) bright blue eyes, a ruddy complexion and brilliant white teeth. Although of almost gigantic size he was admirably well-proportioned. But when he opened his immense mouth even in laughing, the glittering teeth shone savage as Red Riding Hood's Wolf-Grand- mother's and when his nose curled up and his moustache bristled angrily - you thought of Blue Beard and the Ogres. When I had once seen him intoxicated the doubt was settled: Huillhart was frightfully ugly. The Huillharts left Kane before winter set in this year. During the summer the husband had been employed on the Oil Creek and Allegheny Valley Railroad. Thither he took the boy who had been ill in the winter. There was much sickness at that time in the Oil Country, and the lad who was growing fast and was not strong, was soon laid up ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F5_p192.jpg) with typhoid fever. Huillhart, full of remorse for cruel beatings which he had inflicted upon the poor boy when his feeble frame was unable to perform the tasks which seemed trifling to his own rude strength, vowed that no one should nurse his son but him- self. As the disease gained Huillhart became more moody and savage than usual, and was never sober, though never absolutely drunk. One night the boy was worse, the father had been drinking deeply, and the doctor urged him to let some one else sit up with the patient. He turned the physician out of the room, and the people of the tavern heard him swearing and storming in the sick room until a late hour. In the morning as all was quiet a compassionate woman ventured in. The father was lying in a drunken stupor on the floor. She stepped softly past him to the bed, but a glance was enough. The son lay ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F5_p193.jpg) cold and dead, the untouched food and stimulants that ought to have been administered hourly were overturned and scattered on the floor. Who shall say whether the boy died of exhaustion for want of them, or passed to his rest early in the night to the sound of his father's ravings! I am told that the anguish of the poor mother whom some one had sent for secretly, was terrible when she arrived and foundhim dead. They never came back to Kane, but I have heard that lucky speculations in Oil Wells afterwards made Huillhart's fortune. Tom met him once in the cars handsomely dressed, while his wife wore a cloak of exquisite sables. If Huillhart resembled an Ogre, his successor in the little cabin was a Samson. Samson Blinded afterwards too! I have seen him rolling on our kitchen-floor in agony after ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F5_p194.jpg) Tom had been dropping nitrate of silver into his eyes and felt that he might cry. "Strength is my bane, And proves the source of all my miseries; So many and so huge, that each apart Would ask a life to wail; but chief of all O loss of sight, of thee I most complain!" Coons-- Milton Coons, strange to say, was quite as tall and strong a man as Huillhart but round shouldered and shuffling in his gait. He drank as deeply as Huillhart himself, and when he was intoxicated looked out like a wild beast from his shaggy fell of raven black hair. The men he worked with feared him then; for he was apt to have "a touch of the horrors". Yet they say he was once a decent farmer, with a good wife who pardoned his occasional "sprees" coaxed him into church of a Sunday, and kept a pleasant ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F5_p195.jpg) home for him. She died and he drank to drown sorrow, Then one of the devils innocent people think they only read about in books, set a trap for him which took him. After his second marriage he drank to drown shame. I never knew the particulars of the woman's story. --she was a backslider from the Shaker settlement. People saw in her the remains of a beauty, but in my recollection she figures merely as a patient - a case of chronic dyspepsia, with much depress- ion of mind and a burnt-out stomach. His children and hers - she had seven, and he had two, and five of hers she pointed out to me with pardonable pride were "legitimates!" fought and squabbled in the dirty little cabin, while the father and mother forgot their earlier decent life in drunken sleep. Yet repulsive as the pair were each ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F5_p196.jpg) had an odd admiration for the other. She was proud of her husband's physical strength and of his former respectability. He could still be jealous of men whom he imagined were looking on her beauty - a beauty which had vanished to all other eyes but his. I have known similar cases in other ranks of life! There is Mr. who still imagines that other eyes see in the bloated porpoise waddling up the street beside him, scolding him when her asthmatic breath permits - the slender violet-eyed girl whose modest grace won his fancy while her silence concealed alike her evil temper and her want of intellect. And there is Mrs. who still coquets in manner with her ancient lord, and suspects younger women of trying to entrap the bewigged and wrinkled Adonis into a flirtation. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F5_p197.jpg) CHAPTER XIV The Ladies of Kane The first summer we spent at Kane taught us the strong point of our climate. After thirteen successive wet Mondays Roxy genteelly observed, "that we experienced an unusually moist atmosphere at the Summit". But for the excessive rainfall we should have our light soil parched to aridity for the air is wonderfully clear and dry. It certainly does rain and snow here more than any place I ever dwelt in. And the season of 1864-65 had the deepest snows throughout the Allegheny Region that had fallen for many years. Our lumbering was proceeding briskly, as it seemed to me, but Tom found that each of his contractors had undertaken more than he was able to perform, and every week's record showed less done ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F5_p198.jpg) than the lowest estimate required. Part of the trees which should have been felled in summer, and of the logs which should have been skidded during the light snows of autumn ("skidding" and "tracking" snows the lumbermen and hunters name them) were still to be cut up and skidded when the deep snows of winter covered them. If our lease had begun early in summer we could have had this work done a third cheaper. Clouds of anxiety were settling down upon my dear husband's brow, but he was determined not to add wretchedness of mind to the physical discomfort I had to endure in the barn. So while I slept calmly, he lay awake night after night reckoning our mis- haps and the possibilities of remedy. When he took me out to walk I always preferred to go towards the Mill and the Banking- ground, fancing it an exhilarating spectacle to see the teams draw log ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F5_p199.jpg) after log to the skids, their bells jingling as they moved through the frosty air. But I began noticing that Tom preferred the deepest recesses of the forest away from every sight and sound connected with his lumbering. I might have known what this meant. He had only schooled himself into enduring it for the sake of being soon set free for the work he loved. And he fore- boded what was coming to pass. If he had made me aware how well- founded his anxiety was I should have lost my cheerfulness, and this would have saddened Tom so much more, that I think I after- wards blamed myself unnecessarily for my ignorant want of sym- pathy. "Their eyes were holden that they should not see it". How often without miraculous intervention, we are deaf and blind to what we afterwards know was so plainly stamped in the face and audible in the voice we loved! So when Tom walked for recreation we turned ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F5_p200.jpg) away from the settlement, and when his business called him down into the Hollow I eagerly availed myself of the oppor- tunity to accompany him. One afternoon, he was measuring some whitewood logs. I was struck by their size. When I stood on the ground beside one, the parting of my hair was just level with the top. As I am five feet two, this was the diameter of the log! The pile banked up on the skidway prevented me from seeing the approach of Mr. Coons and I was unpleasantly startled when he spoke to me, for he was slightly intoxicated. I looked for Tom but he was at some distance, and resigned myself to a con- versation. Coons was in a good humour and began by informing me that he had brought his family to town, (save the mark! there were four shanties in the Mill Hollow) for the rest of the season". ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F5_p201.jpg) "Ah, indeed, Mr. Coons", I said pleasantly," where may they be?" "Thar !" he answered pointing backwards with his thumb at a little umbrella-topped shanty which had been vacated by the last tenant on account of the number of its six-legged inhabit- ants. "They're thar, and my lady has sent me to ask you to visit her". "Is she sick again?" I asked apprehensively, for my patient, like Uncle Schuyler's sick Indian, considered "lum (rum) good for sore leg". "Wall, no; not azackly", he said running his fingers into his matted black hair," she ain't more complainin' than usual, but she's kinder lonesome. She'd like more society. Now why can't you drop in and spend a morning with her. She's a deal of conversation, she has!" "Thank you, Mr. Coons, but really I have ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F5_p202.jpg) so much to do at home, that I have no time for visiting". "Oh pshaw now, don't tell me!" he replied, and gave my fur cloak a poke in the ribs, just as Tom, apprehending some rudeness, hurried to my side. But I felt no fear of my Gorilla, who saluted him with a friendly nod, saying, "Me and your woman have just been having a little chat. I says to her -Now don't be proud, just bring your little bit of sewing (for that's all the work ye can pretent to have to do with three gals thrashing round,) and come and spend the day at our house. My lady'll put on a white apron, and be as pert as a cricket for a week". I had much ado to prevent the too hospitable giant from hurrying me off to his cabin there and then so charmed was he with the domestic picture he had drawn. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F5_p203.jpg) It was natural that Mr. Coons should fancy I had nothing to do with three servants to wait upon me. That was, however, precisely what they did not. None of them could sew neatly and so I was obliged to make and mend all our clothing, and Jane was always too busy in finding articles she had mislaid as she regularly did and does everything she touches to aid me in any way. Had the dear old woman been a little neater we might have dispensed with a waitress, for I had not enough work of a kind she could perform, to fill Roxy's time. Why not hire a woman who was a good seamstress? In the backwoods you must hire the girl who pleases to come not the one you would please to choose. I taught the children, too, and this with my clerkwork filled up most of the day. Mother, Aunt Ann and my father expected letters every day or two, or fancied some calamity had overtaken us. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F5_p204.jpg) I had few female visitors in the barn, and indeed, strove to discourage those who came from repeating the essay. I could not be rude in my own house, but I made my manner so punctiliously civil, so coldly courteous that I embarassed them, and I would not gossip and would finish my sentences and finish them in grammatical English. The ladies, my neighbours, were accustomed to exchange fragments of ideas in fragmentary words, and I wore their attention out in straining it to follow my periods to a close. Was I proxy? To be sure I was. I meant them to think me so, but I am by no means certain that I do not succeed in giving the same impression where I have no design in the matter. I know that when I leave my forest and visit my city friends their talk sounds wofully disjointed to me, and therefore, I fancy mine sounds stilted to them! Mrs. Coons dined with me once in the ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F5_p205.jpg) barn, but she took herself away as soon as she had eaten her fill, and had her medicine bottle replenished. One morning when I was very busily copying some papers that Tom designed for the day's mail Roxy announced with a titter. "Mrs. Dunbar and Miss Ward". I was sitting in the loft in a corner set apart as a study, and my visitors following Roxy closely up the trap stair were already looking at me from the level of the floor-- I could not pretend to be Not At Home. Mrs. Dunbar was the mistress of our boarding-house, and I was puzzled by her visiting me in company with her maid-of-all- work. I learned afterwards that before Miss Ward condescended to accept the situation it had been agreed as part of the bar- gain that Mrs. D. should take her when she went out visiting - "specially when it was to visit ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F5_p206.jpg) Kane's folks". Ignoring the long knitting pins that protruded from the elder lady's basket and the dirty strip of embroidery which the younger twitched from her reticule in proclamation of their intention to spend a long morning, I begged them to be seated without adding, as the custom here is "Lay off your things, now do. I heaint heerd a word of your folks this ever so long". We discussed the weather, and the topic exhausted, a silence fell upon us which was broken by the entrance of the two elder children. They had not expected to see strangers with me, but came forward to greet them with the quaint politeness that sits so well upon them, and made their formal little speeches of welcome. Elisha placed chairs for Harry and himself, and there they sat quiet but alert, their innocent eyes my best protect- ion against ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F5_p207.jpg) vulgarity. "The books and papers emanating from the Company's office at Kane in that day are easily to be distinguished from others by their coffe-coloured edges, and when Mother visited us in the succeeding summer she declared with more candour than politeness that our wollen garments smelt like "Indian Curiosities". Our open Franklin Stove smoked horribly. I was used to the effects of pyro-lig-neous acid by the time Mrs. Dunbar called and did not at first remark how my visitor's eyes were watering. There was none but green wood in the box that day! Mrs. Dunbar's repeated sneezes at last called my attention. Her eyes were fixed upon a window, which was placed in the peak of the roof, too high to be reached for the purpose of washing it. It was directly above and behind ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F5_p208.jpg) the stove and the smoke had stained its panes amber-colour. Someone had decorated them with red, blue and rose-colour designs emblematic of the fate the artist hoped would befall Jeff. Davis and his compeers, labelled in doggerel Latin. Mrs. Dunbar asked me, with a half laugh, what the pictures meant. I answered her with perfect gravity using all the herald- ic phrases that I could remember at the moment. Seeing that she was puzzled to determine whether I was in jest or earnest, I talked more at length, quittingthe subject of this particular window to expatiate upon the beauty and fitness of illuminated pictures on walls, and of stained glass windows in buildings of medieval date. So soon as I saw that she no longer fancied me in jest, I parodied Ruskin as well as I could and finished an incomprehensible harange by asking if she did not agree with me. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F5_p209.jpg) "Ah yes, of course!" Mrs. Dunbar answered, with a look of relief. She believed that she had just escaped making a terrible mistake, and supposing that valuable stained glass but a scrawled and smoked window! And I saw that unless I could promptly introduce another topic on which I could be equally diffuse she would not be longer restrained from retail- ing the scandal she had come to relate. While I dudgelled my brain, she began, "You mentioned the name of Rose justnow, Mrs. Kane. Don't you think Mrs. Rose is real--" But here Miss Ward saw her opportunity. She charged into the conversation with a troop of"Personal Recollections" of a month passed in Mrs. Rose's family. She gave the hour when that household retired for the night, a few particulars with regard to the weekly wash, and Mrs. Rose's absurd notions about the amount of linen the baby might contribute thereto. She dwelt very strongly upon ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F5_p210.jpg) the matron's turpitude in allowing the "heft of the chores" to fall upon the hired girl and the indolence of Mr. Rose in lying abed until she, Miss Ward kindled the fires". But at this point, Mrs. Dunbar, a mistress herself, con- ceived it wisest to interpose. She had thought of a topic on which as Eve's daughters we could meet on common ground. "You have heerd, I suppose what is the talk about Mrs. Young?" she asks. As she says it I observe that my children, who have maintained an edifying gravity during the window scene are open-eyed and open-eared, and I know will catechise me as to the meaning of the mysterious nods and becks with which she prefaced the remark. "Yes, it is one which should grieve us deeply", I answered - supposing she alludes to that ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F5_p211.jpg) breach of the Seventh Commandment with which the husband of the lady in question charges her. "I know that you as a matron of high character have shown an excellent example in overlooking the poor creature's sins and aiding her in her trouble;" This credit was fairly due Mrs. Dunbar I knew; but I hastened to add, "Do you not think however that it is wisest not/talk about the matter?" Mrs. Dunbar does not notice the glance I cast towards the children, she misunderstands my cautionary remark and says, "Oh laws yes; that's just the way I talk. Me and Mrs. Young have always been friendly and I says to Mr. Pettys her- self yesterday that she hadn't no call to make trouble. She hadn't ought to leave her wash hanging out after night right under folks' eyes. And I told ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F5_p212.jpg) her just as you say that she'd best say nothin' about it, or Mr. Young would be burning her house over her head for spite, and we're close to her! She haint no proof!" Oh dear, oh dear! I bethink me of the letters on the chemise that Mrs. Bright showed me in the Young's cabin. It is the Eighth Commandment then that is in question, and personal prudence rather than Christian Charity has actuated the forbearance shown by the neighbours! Remembering that I too have a roof to be burned I determine to be prudent also, and Mrs. Dunbar starts afresh, this time on the loss/our horse Clarion. She says she "could tell the General what would open his eyes. It was not for nothing that Charley Mulvany lost the tract of the thief's footsteps in the snow after Clarion had throwed him". A nice neighborhood this! It is only a ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F5_p213.jpg) a few days since Clarion made so much noise that the groom rose in the grey dawn and went to see what ailed him. There he stood outside the stable for kicking for admittance, fully saddled and bridled. But the saddle was turned beneath his belly, the girth almost torn through, and his dappled hide showed signs of fast and furious riding. Mulvany followed his tracks in the snow and found that the thief had ridden him some distance. Then there was a place trampled down as if a struggle had gone on, and a few red stains in the snow signalled Clarion's victory over his rides. The thief was gone and Mulvany came back. Tom thought Clarion's prowess had probably secured our stable from further depredation and as the thief was punished, he let the matter drop. We could not tell which of our friends we ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F5_p214.jpg) might be unfortunate enough to apprehend! Seeing however a prospect of extrication from the pro- longed tedium of the lady's conversation, I rose, bade the children go, and affecting to be much impressed by Mrs. Dunbar's words went to my desk. I laid some foolscap out and prepared to write what she should say. I complimented her on her courage in the cause of justice. Though I was not a her courage in the cause of justice. Though I was not a magistrate I said smilingly, I could take down her deposition. The General was, as she knew, obliged to act as Conservator of the Public Peace in the absence of officers of the Law, and any charge she had to make against Charles it would be my duty, however, much I regretted the necessity, to record." Poor woman; how quickly she withdrew the words she had said! How she agreed with me that no weight should be atta- ched to hearsay evi- ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F5_p215.jpg) dence! She had grown uncomfortable, but she made no sign of moving. It was almost time for Tom to return from his long day's ride, and I must have the room cleared for him to change his dress. I made a last repellent effort, and tried Charity. I mentioned that we were endeavoring to set a School House and Church on foot. I solicited subscriptions: the ladies drew their hoods tighter: I pressed the subject; Miss Ward said that "bein' she was a Catholic, of course she couldn't be expected to do nothing", and 'reckoned she would visit with Roxy a spell". When she disappeared down stairs, Mrs. Dunbar said she hadn't thought of the matter, but would ask William what he thought about it. We then parted in a friendly manner, but she never came back to report William's opinion or tender his subscription. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F5_p216.jpg) Nothing was further from my thoughts than to look down on the Dunbars. Their blood was in every sense as good as my own. William Dunbar, our head sawyer was the great-grand- nephew of a certain ante-Revolutionary Colonel Dunbar who cuts quite a figure in the history of the American Colonies about the period of Braddock's defeat. Mrs. Dunbar's features were good, her manner quiet, and a little teaching on some of the minor points of decorum would have enabled her to pass muster at Washington with most of the Legislator's wives. Fate may have it yet in store for her. William her husband, next to his fiddle loves his democratic principles, and when the Democrats are again in the ascendant men less worth than he might perhaps represent us in Congress. His old father was a very fine fellow, and could talk politics well indeed. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F5_p217.jpg) -"a hull newspaper full" as his daughter-in-law admiringly said. He was an "original" and Tom, who liked him offered him work. Old Jonathan "reckoned he would see what he was wuth", and after trying his own capabilities in the long disused occupations of his earlier manhood, pronounced him- self only a "three-quarter hand", and one best fitted to "feed the edger". Tom soon placed him in charge of the feed and hay. It became his business to measure it out to the teamsters, and to report the quantities brought in and given out weekly, to me. It was his duty to measure the logs too. But although we would gladly have paid him extra wages on account of his value as an honest man, he steadfastly refused to take more than three-quarters of a full man's pay. He had always been honest, so that the quality did not appear to him to be one ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F5_p218.jpg) raising the market value of his labour, and he felt how much his physical strength had waned. He used to censure his own son William quite as readily as any of the other men, and would announce with perfect- straightforwardness that "William Dunbar's measure ran so many feet short", or say with his short, husky laugh, "General, William needs a tight hand over him", or "General, you just step round to the fore-part of the Mill, William Dunbar's spoiling that big circ'lar saw." William himself preferred fiddling to sawing. It was at the boarding-shanty which he kept, that most of the balls took place where our Roxy was deservedly the belle. Mrs. Dunbar encouraged the balls, not for the love of music, but for the money they brought in. Each gentlemen paid a ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F5_p219.jpg) quarter of a dollar, and was privileged to bring a lady. Some- times there would be as many as twenty or thirty couples; they were always couples, no one dreamed of requiring a chaperon's presence. Some drove in to attend our balls forty miles in sleigh loads of a dozen merry young people at a time. Arcadia revived, you hint? By no means - there were many drunken swains, there was ample foundation for the disapproval which I always expressed of "my girls" going to these balls. I arranged to have them, if they would go in spite of my wishes, remain all night in charge of Mrs. Dunbar. They themselves saw no reason to object to being escorted home through the lonely forest at midnight by the half tipsy fellow who had treated them. Said one young lady, "If 'twas the last word I had to say, Miss Kane, I must say for Lawson, that he's never more than good-tempered with his liquor, and no matter how late we are out he behaves in all respects like a man!!" ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F5_p220.jpg) I do not know precisely what degree of commendation she meant to express, but she seemed to feel that no reasonable woman ought to require more. And though I know of too many sad sequels to the merry hours these young people passed, I suppose, taking an average of the seen and the hidden life of people in our own position in life, there was not greater immorality, perhaps less, among our rough country folk. For/the young girl in a good mother's home is innocent as any nun, and is much purer-minded than our country- lass, the idle dissipation of a young gentleman lowers him below the hard-working man whose hours of dissipation are few. In addition to the balls she attended, Roxy often had visitiors. When they went round by the kitchen-door they never caused us the embarassment created by one or two of the more genteel ones, who came to our door. Why they should have felt one entrance to be ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F5_p221.jpg) the "quality door" more than the other I really cannot say: they were both of rough boards; fastening with precisely the same barn-door bolts, and having equally large hinges. The one gave admittance to the warm kitchen where bright tins and plates flashed back every ray of light, the other to the cold and cheerless dining-room. The board walls of one apartment were of exactly of the same finish - or want of finish - as those of the other. It must have been a flavor of gentility that hung about us, poor little couple under a cloud of adversity as we felt ourselves to be, that made Roxy entertain her broad- clothed lovers in our dining room. Many a time I have seen Coleman, the prosperous, Coleman of Port Allegheny then, though now of Kane, come sheepishly to our door. At first I went down imagining his visits were for Tom. I found him seated on one side of the dining-room, his hat under the chair, the chair tilted back on its hind-legs and his head reposing ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F5_p222.jpg) on the wall, while Roxy in the remote distance beamed upon him with purpling cheeks. When I came in, she giggled, but offered no explanation, he grinned and twirled his thumbs, but said never a word. Nor did he rise from his chair - he did not even remove his head from the wall. What was I to do! If I had been in the Palace of Truth my uttered thoughts would have been, "You grinning idiot, I should like to have you shaken. How dare you keep your seat when a lady stands before you!" It always angers me when a boor keeps his hat on in my presence, or retains his seat, unasked, or puffs his pipe or cigar in my face. Perhaps I am spoiled, because I am used to "my man's" courteous ways, who never enters the lowest shanty without demeaning himself to its mistress as if she were the Lady of the Land. Poor women; accustomed to brutal rudeness, yet they always ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F5_p223.jpg) show their appreciation of his politeness, and speak in gentle tones, and offer their poor little courtesies in return. I am awkward and constrained with them, and they are awk- ward and constrained with me unless there is sickness or trouble among them, and then we forget to be shy. As to Coleman, I cannot say I felt shy, though I was sufficiently embarassed. I asked if he wished to see my husband, or me? "No", he-he-he "I just came to see her", pointing his thumb towards his inamorata, who giggled in reply and now examined the hem of her apron, and now bit her nails in modest confusion. So I made my apologies and withdrew, but vowed I would not again mistake Roxy's visitors for mine. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F5_p224.jpg) CHAPTER XV Early in January 1865 Tom had to go to Philadelphia on business--"financeering". Not many days after his departure a great snowstorm set in, which blocked up the narrow lanes that we called Roads. No teams could come out to us from the settlements, for the snow lay eight feet deep on the abandoned clearings on windy Howard Hill, and interposed an effectual barrier between our forest and the Marvin Valley. Travel on the RRoad was suspended for ten days, and for two weeks no freight was carried. Our settlement was almost starved. We doled out scanty rations of food to the teams and as to the human beings, I know that I was supplying ten families from my solitary flour barrel the day that our siege was raised. Tom, delayed ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F5_p225.jpg) at Williamsport on his way home received his first news of us in a telegram shown him by the R.R. General Superintendent in which I begged this gentleman to allow a few bags of feed to come through on the first passenger-train, as I had but one day's supply left for my twenty five teams. As for me, my first intelligence from Tom was saddening enough. I had waded through the snow to the Station to des- patch my telegram, for I had learned that an engine had come in bringing a mailbag from the East, and I was too anxious to ascertain whether it contained a letter for me to wait until our man should return from his day's work. Yes, the postmaster said, there was a letter for me. I tore it open eagerly. Tom, unconscious that no previous letter had reached us, continued the subject of his last by saying, ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F5_p226.jpg) "So that I shall not leave until after poor little Jenny's funeral", and went on to speak of the malignant character of the Scarlet Fever. My pretty Jenny, the queenly little beauty we were all so proud of! I was stupefied by the news, and the thought of her poor mother, Bessie Shields. As I turned to make my toilsome way home, I was overtaken by an engineer who told me that orders had come to clear the road for trains; if I could get up on the engine he would carry me to the foot of the hill. My little companion, Harry, was even more fatigued than myself, and I thoughtlessly accepted the offer. The icy draught that blew on us, overheated as we were, chilled us to the bone and I dreaded the effect of my imprudence on Harry's delicate lungs. But it was useless to stop the engine and a few minutes brought us to our hill. As we ascended ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F5_p227.jpg) we overtook old Jonathan Dunbar carrying a molasses jug. He wanted just one pint, he said and here was the money. "Why Mr. Dunbar, I remonstrated, "your son got three gallons of syrup only yesterday, you should make Mrs. Dunbar measure some of it for you." "Not I," he chuckled, tossing up his dime and catching it again "I'm too cur'ous for that, I pay as I go, - but Mrs. Dunbar she's that kind of a woman she's scorn to take pay today - same time she'd throw it up to me tomorrow that I sponged on William. So I pay for my board, and I buy any extra I want for myself." "Is not molasses included in your bill?" "Yes, but I'm going to make a kind of 'intment for my face, I've the erysipllas worse than ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F5_p228.jpg) usual", he said. I had noticed that he kept passing his hand over his stubbly chin, and redly bloated face. I had been minded to send him away without his molasses, but now I took pity on him. I made Harry hasten home to her nursery fire, but went myself into the cold dining-room to draw the slow-trickling molasses, casting off my furs lest they should be soiled. Old Jonathan knelt down/me to tilt the barrel, and as we waited for the measure to fill I contemplated his countenance in mingled compassion and disgust. Next day when Tom, faint and weary with his long journey "lifted the latch and walked in" the first object that met his eyes was my altered countenance, as I lay with my own eyes almost closed by erysipelatous swelling - in a high fever, and unable to see him when ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F5_p229.jpg) I raised my heavy head. Fatigue, distress and the sudden chill of the air as I rode, had sickened me. The people thought poor old Jonathan had given me the attack, but it was a mere coinci- dence that he happened to come up. The servants not knowing what to do for me, had done nothing, and there was no doctor to be had. Tom telegraphed for his brother John, who kindly left his practice and reached us in a very few days. My dear husband had come home sick himself and anticipating rest and my sympathy in the business discouragements he had met with. Instead of this he became my nurse. I was very ill, and much annoyed by the double consciousness that my delirium brought. John, to my surprise, was by me, passing a candle before me, and testifying pleasure when I shrank from the painful light. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F5_p230.jpg) I was distressed by the half-hourly rousing to swallow beef essence, or iron, or brandy, but the "me" whom they disturbed was not the thinking me who was wondering whether the teams were in want of food, or whether that was an old fancy of mine. They had made a sort of screen of sheets and old chintz curtains round/bed, partly to keep off the draughts, and partly to secure a half privacy for my sickroom, as John had to sleep in one corner. There were no spare-rooms in the barn! I remember fancying that the chintz was the hangings of a tent, and that I was a youth being snatched from its shelter by the Black Huntsman. I lamented aloud that I was a man, and not Tom's spouse, while I was perfectly aware of the meaning of his remonstrances. I was touched even then by the pathos of his ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F5_p231.jpg) beloved voice, when he clasped me in his arms and tried to soothe my terror by calling me his own wife, his children's mother. I felt the absurdity of my doing so, yet was obliged to proclaim that I was not the Bessie he thought me. When he brought in good Jane Nelly to assure me of my own identity, I was mortified that she should be witness of my folly, yet not the less did I know that the Black Horseman was on the left side of my bed. "Did not I know Jane?" Oh yes, of course, I knew her, I knew too, I said that Tom was lying beside me - of course I felt the clasp of his dear arm. Yes, to be sure - he was trying to keep me, wretched youth from the Black Horseman. He was riding through the tent, and as he dragged me I knew perfectly well where my head must strike the partition. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F5_p232.jpg) I would show Tom: it would be just at the knot-hole in the plank between our room and the nursery". Such were my fancies. There was pain and fever, but I minded them very little, being selfishly careless of what the "me" felt who tossed on the bed, so long as the "me" that I was interested in was free to think and talk. I believe John stayed several days. He pronounced me out of danger, unless there should be a relapse, before he went. I was quite myself again, and able to enjoy hearing Tom read aloud, when one morning our ox-eyed Charley, replenishing the fire, slowly pronounced the words--"General, if you please, the house is on fire!" We turned, scarcely believing him. Sure enough, Charley was standing quietly rubbing ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F5_p233.jpg) a hand upon which a spark had fallen from fire that was creeping from the rim of the stove pipe along the edge of the roof. We had no chimney, and a dozen tongues of flame were licking the pine shingles. Oh it seemed so cruel! Tom sent Charley to summon the three carpenters with their ladder from the new building, Jane flew for blankets to wet, while he himself sprang to the window and dashed out one of the sash - my Jeff Davis pictured one, by the bye - hoping to crawl through it somehow upon the roof. But it was useless; he had to wait for the ladder. I bade Tom not be uneasy about me, I would dress myself and the children, but would not leave the shelter of the house till the last moment. I was praised after the fire was subdued for the calmness I had shown in ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F5_p234.jpg) dressing the children warmly and dragging myself into a bed in the other room. I suppose my relapse was beginning however, for it is all a blank to me. Elisha tells me that Jane kept throwing handfuls of water upward at the flames, crying "Ohon a ri ! Ohon a ri ! Whatten a bleeze". Harry, he says was perfectly collected, and carried out an empty cheque book and other papers which she supposed to be of value, dear wee thing ! The tin box of really valuable papers she carried out into the snow too, and then kept guard over them. My boy-chronicler does not remember what he did, thinks at that age he must have cried ! When the ladder came it would only reach the caves, and the roof was so glassy with ice at the edge that neither foot nor hand ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F5_p235.jpg) hold could be secured. It was settled that one man should hold the foot of the ladder steady, and one man weight its lowest rounds, while Joe Barnes standing near the top should let Tom jump from his shoulders upon the roof. Brave little Joe hung on for life and death. Tom's first spring almost upset the ladder. He slid down the roof desperately trying to drive his nails into the icy surface. By God's mercy he slipped slowly, for he had overbalanced the ladder. It had swung outwards and almost toppled over, and only rocked back at the moment Tom slid over the edge, when Joe caught himself, Tom and the ladder in a frenzied embrace. The foot of the ladder was set further out; one trial more was made and Tom succeeded in gaining a hold for foot and knee, ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F5_p236.jpg) and a rope being soon thrown to and secured by him the others easily swung up it. The difficulty was over but before the men could begin to work with their tools Tom was tearing away the heated iron and burning shingles with his hands. The fire was now easily subdued, and the carpenters at work repairing the roof. But Tom often says he never felt such helpless misery, such desolation of spirit as when he gazed from his elevation over the snowy waste. No house in sight should the fire gain upon him; below him the frail little children and the wife to whom being turned out in that deep snow would be certain death. The drifts were more than waist deep. A wind was blowing; and the thermometer stood 15 degrees below zero! All his fortunes were envolved in this gloomy inhospitable country! He had had no time to tell me of the failure of his efforts to raise ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F5_p237.jpg) money in Philadelphia, but they were present to his mind as he contemplated the ruin which threatened us. When he was helped down with difficulty after the excite- ment was over he found me delirious again. I was troubled about his business affairs, and sat with my knees gathered under me in bed, brooding and calculating as I bit my fore- finger. It makes Tom shudder now if I chance to raise my finger to my mouth. He was so wretched then. My poor husband had burnt both hands, (badly enough to contract the sinews of one finger permanently), and the over- exertion had caused the old wound that Ashby gave him to re- open. With his leg in bandages, and both hands bound up in poultices, he still continued to nurse me night and day and as I grew better to read to me hour after hour. I remember distinctly the time when ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F5_p238.jpg) the confused association with a vignette in front of my father's old Shakespere showing Lavinia holding her staff between teeth while she guides it to write on the sand by her bandaged wrists - brightened into a realising sense that it was nobody in a tragedy but my Tom, who was propping up a book whose pages he turned with his bandaged hands as he read to me. I am afraid that I let him go on, even tho I did know how sick he was. He can always persuade me into letting him sacrifice himself for me! His tenderness and his society were so precious to me that I forgot how heavy a task I was inflict- ing upon him. My dear children showed their love characteristically. My baby Willie would hear my voice and cry to be brought to me, and then at sight of me would bury his face in Jane's bosom with a scream of horror. But Evan would climb up beside me, ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F5_p239.jpg) and lie quietly for hours - every now and then saying, "My sweet darling pretty Mamma!" as he kissed my hand. I did not know what the poor little chevalier meant until the day when I saw the hideous creature my glass revealed. Harry and Elisha displayed their feeling chiefly by being quiet and good. But one Sunday evening Tom told them to come in and repeat their hymns to me as they used to do. He suggested "One sweetly solemn thought", which Harry with tremulous accents refused to say, and little Elisha innocently and eagerly began. When the application of the words he was uttering struck him he gave a real howl like a dog in pain and crawled under the bed where he cried himself to sleep. I was deeply touched by learning that I had been prayed for in the Old Seventh Street Church. Mother and Bessie had thought of this. I was grateful ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F5_p240.jpg) to them for thinking my life worth praying for, and felt as if I ought to spend it more usefully to testify my gratitude to God for granting it to their prayers. When I was able to walk about my room, Willie, who had been ailing with a severe cold, suddenly grew worse. He had a fearful attack of Croup. One morning we thought he was dying. His sweet eyes were fixed and sunk in their orbits. His nostrils pinched and a blue pallor was diffusing itself round his mouth. Tom cried out that he was going, and took him from me bidding me put a teaspoonful of brandy between the parted lips. It saved him. Life colour and warmth began to return and he soon evinced consciousness by moaning impat- iently if any one interposed to take him from his father's arms. Tom was almost overcome by the little creature's token of love, and I was so glad. For the other children were still a little afraid of the father who had been so long absent ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F5_p241.jpg) from them, and much as they loved him were shy and dared not caress him, little imagining that he was as shy as they. Willie had displayed a particular fondness for Tom from his earliest babyhood and Tom adored him. He was spared to us, thank God, and so we were not forced to endure the saddest of all trials the death of a beloved one for which we might have felt ourselves to blame. Our barn was a rude shelter for the darling baby. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F5_p244.jpg) CHAPTER XVI The end of the Logging Season While we were suffering from sickness indoors, the weather outside was doing its best to ruin us, as it ruined many others in "our trade" that memorable winter. Snow kept falling, falling, falling, and the weather was cruelly cold. It was not only that we were in a frail shell of a barn, instead of a warm house, the hardy woodsmen suffered as I have never since seen them do. Several had their noses ears and toes frost- bitten; one man losing his ear to the root. Tom drove me over in our big wood-sled -the only vehicle we could safely use - to visit this poor fellow, and as we returned, discussing the case, I suddenly saw the white spot of frost bite on Tom's nose, although ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F5_p245.jpg) he had not felt it. A handful of snow cured that case, but a day or two afterwards his burnt hand was frost-bitten in the newly healed scar and was a bad running sore for weeks after. There was one morning which I particularly remember, so clear and dazzlingly bright that we all availed ourselves of it for a walk after a snowstorm had forbidden exercise for a week. But we soon returned for our lungs labored, and there was pain in inhaling the air. I noticed that our cows and oxen marked their tracks by drops of blood trickling from their noses, one from his ears, and Jane, coughing slightly raised a quantity of blood. I have not seen this occur since, except once with the cows, and I believe the winter was unusually trying in other parts of the country as well as in our Allegheny region. The snow was so light and dry ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F5_p246.jpg) that it would not "pack" into road-bed but drifted like sand with every wind. The want of roads had obliged my husband to be at the expense of cutting them himself, while the continuous snowfall made it difficult to extricate the logs. Every one of our contractors had failed in carrying out his engagements and we could not exact performance, knowing how impossible we had found it to do with our own teams what we had confidently reckoned upon. All our own horses had been strained in one way and another. It was true that the poor creatures had been cruelly treated by the rough drivers who forced them and the patient oxen into tangles of broken branches where they hurt themselves, and whipped them into desperate efforts to draw loads beyond their strength. But the men treated their own cattle as roughly, nay they over-strained themselves with as little apparent reluctance ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F5_p247.jpg) as some insects show to parting with a leg or so in the heat of a contest. I don't believe they meant to be cruel to the poor cattle. All our logs had been cut - so far the contracts were comp- lied with. And a portion had been delivered at the Banking Ground. But teamsters of the different jobbers were about to leave. They owned the horses they drove, and were unwilling to work them longer unless Tom would guarantee their payment by the contractors. Going they would leave most of our logs in the woods useless for a year. Before deciding, Tom, for want of a better adv- iser took counsel with me. He explained to me the position in which he was placed by the difficulty he found in securing the payment of certain debts for the purpose of paying out the advances to be made on his contracts. When in Philadel- ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F5_p248.jpg) phia just before my illness he had counselled with a friend of ours, considered a sagacious and prudent man, telling him his plans, his hopes and his difficulties. Perhaps he had stated the latter too truthfully, without that hopeful colour- ing which most people invest their plans with, and which the hearer half-unconsciously discounts before accepting the statement. Tom felt it a duty to be rigidly accurate, because Cousin R. had at his own solicitation invested between five and ten thousand dollars in the enterprise. While I lay ill, Tom received a letter from him saying that if Tom had no objection he would like to withdraw this money. He wrote in the kindest terms explaining that it was natural he should feel uneasy about the risk. This came just as the teamsters decided to withdraw their labour. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F5_p249.jpg) Tom's anxiety of mind drew my attention; I could not read and naturally studied his countenance and my interest in the lumbering being very great I at length drew the whole affair from his reluctant lips. I confess my rashness, but my counsel was very prompt. "Pay R. tomorrow in full, even if it does reduce your bank balance very low. He ought tofeel ashamed, but he won't. But your paying him promptly will satisfy him that you are solvent, and some better day your reputation will stand you in good stead. We have paid ready-money for everything, and if we have few logs to saw, the balance you calculated on for sawing, will pay off the contractors if there is anything due them". Tom felt as I did that if he had but sixpence left, so long as he injured no creditor by ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F5_p250.jpg) doing so, he would not avail himself of his right to hold R's money to run its share of the risk he had volunteered to run. We sent it off by the next mail, and I am wicked enough to be glad that his next investment of it proved a losing speculation! We declined to make contracts for hauling, preferring to pay the teamsters by the day, with the privilege of stopping work at our own option. And as my energetic rashness had carried the day over Tom's prudent reluctance I begged him to let this be called my enterprise. He should be free to say "I told you so" and lay the blame on my shoulders if it failed; and, if it succeeded he was to praise me as much as my utmost greed for praise demanded. On my part I promised to remember if I ruined him, that it was my doing and to bear its consequences bravely. He yielded to my plan which was but half in jest, and we pre- tended that it was ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F5_p250a.jpg) a new and hopeful speculation. I suppose Tom hid his anxieties better than before, perhaps that was all, but I believed I had succeeded in inspiring him with fresh energy. I prayed earnestly to be able to cheer him, God know. And I was helped by a most unlooked for Godsend. Tom drove me to the station one day for our letters. Among them was one from my brother Walter, who scarcely writes to me once a year, and is a gruffer and brusquer edition of his gruff and brusque sister Bess. But under his hard exterior there is a shy sensitiveness and as warm a heart as I could desire a brother to have. Walter wrote me that the deep snows of his country seat made him think of our deeper ones, and went on to imply delicately that it was probably our expenses were greater than he had believed they would be. He had therefore taken the ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F5_p251.jpg) liberty of enclosing his cheque for $1000. I could repay it at any time when our lumber was sold. Dear old Walter! It was not the money, welcome as it was, but his kind remembrance of us at this time that was a cordial to us. By so much as R's timid selfishness had depressed us, did Walter's generous trust raise our spirits. It was not the frosty air alone that brought the moisture to our eyes; and the jingling sleighbells seemed less a mockery to us as we drove home. Well, the teams were at work again, and a separate set of memoranda in my little book was devoted to the results of each day's haulings noting how many teams were at work, how many trips made, how many logs hauled of pine, cherry or hem- lock, etc. Opposite pages recorded each day's expenses and the cost of stopping the hauling to mend the roads. In a few days the ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F5_p252.jpg) entries began to contain signs of exultation. The thermometer keeps low, the barometer high, wind steady from the North West, the thawing of a day's sunshine not injuring the road more than is compensated by the glassy ice the night's freezing makes along the sled-tracks. I am tempted to order a whole car-load of meal; it is so much cheaper by the car-load and we have so many teams. We should be making heavy profits if we were not hampered by previous losses. As it is we are utilising for this season logs that must be idle otherwise another year, and the day's expenses are far within its income. Our presence at the Banking Ground is not the result of duty, it is a pleasure even in Tom's ears to hear the call of the drivers, the shower of jingling music from the sleigh bells as the horses shake their heads while standing by the skids. The men themselves ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F5_p253.jpg) unload more briskly, and move off to make room for the next in the string of teams, that yet unseen behind the evergreen forest give warning of their approach by their tinkling bells. Even these hired men work with better heart for the knowledge that their labour is profitable to us. They know that their food and wages are secure, whether we make or lose, but the same feeling that makes treadmill- labor distasteful makes this pleasant. We jest to each other, Tom says that I show myself the daughter of a line of merchants, for I am a gambler who calls the game a mercantile adventure, and be- lieves that the change of name makes the act of playing a virtue. I retort that he who risks nothing wins nothing, but Tom sighs for he would risk and win in greater games than these. The lit- tle success of in part retrieving a loss does not compensate him for the time and thought ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F5_p254.jpg) he has to give. And he feels that his health is failing, and that the wife and children who are helpless without him depend upon a man who is in such daily suffering as may soon end his life. He does not long for life. Were we but placed out of the reach of poverty, all he would desire would be "In some great cause, not in his own, To perish, wept for, honoured, known, And like a warrior overthrown; Whose eyes are dim with glorious tears, When soiled with noble dust, he hears His country's war-song thrill his ears; Then dying of a mortal stroke, What time the foeman's line is broke, And all the war is rolled in smoke". He does not say this to me but I know the meaning of his sigh, and though I do ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F5_p255.jpg) not share his feeling I can grieve for him. I am a little like a dog who sees his master in trouble and can only fawn upon him and lick his hand. I don't want worldly prosperity if that is to take "my master" from my side, and I do not care a straw for the interests of Humanity. So I only look wistfully at him, he drives away his thoughts silently and is as well aware of mine as I of his, and we talk of the lumbering again, and of the little interests of our daily life. He knows that we are not yet out of the reach of poverty, and I am glad that it is so. So the days slip by, and one morning we are interested by the appearance of a new insect; myriads of little black specks are seen on the blue shadowed side of every snowy swell. "Snow-fleas", says Cornelius with an ominous shake of the head, "a sure sign of Thaw!" ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F5_p256.jpg) Then the men begin to talk of upset loads of thaw on the sunny side of the track wasting it down, and there is no fresh snow falling to "pack" it with. The sun shines brightly, the children chatter about Spring, and when we step off the hard trodden ice of the path we sink knee deep in the softened snow. Finally one day we hear the blue-birds and notice that the water is running in all the little channels, and there is an indescri- bable sense of quickening Life and joyousness in Nature around us, though the ground is still white with snow. The season is over and it is the 11th of March! ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F5_p257.jpg) CHAPTER XVIII Settling up with our Contractors Well, the voyage is done, it remains to be seen what we have saved. I am afraid it is but a wreck after all, that we have run with our jury masts upon a lee shore. All the neighboring lumbermen are ruined. They have failed to pay their men, and the floods have carried off their logs and broken away the great booms across the river below, that might have held them. No one could have forseen and provided against the various calamities. Speaking of the Canadians North of us, John Stuart Mill says "The timber trade of Canada is one example of an employment of capital, partaking so much of the nature of a lottery, as to make it an accredited opinion that, taking the adventure in the aggregate, there is more ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F5_p258.jpg) money lost by the trade than gained by it; in other words that the average rate of profit is less than nothing". The great Political Economist is not encouraging, truly ! We have a goodly stock of logs in the Banking Ground, but there are thousands of dollars worth still in the woods. And though not bound to do so we have determined to examine into the state of each contractor's affairs, and after satisfying our- selves what their labour and that of their men has been honestly worth to pay them as if they had been foremen acting for us. Tom has given them an inkling of this beforehand, and they have worked hard to deserve his kind dealing. Their accounts, kept so minutely in my little books, have all ended with one very large item To Balance against each contractor. But we have ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F5_p259.jpg) privately kept an account of their day's work and they gladly accept the pay and depart. All but the Lillibridges. Red- headed Elias is in great perplexity about his brother Lowell whom he suspects to be losing his mind. He will not suffer the General's name to be spoken in his hearing, has refused to ask for the terms given to the other contractors, and hides in the woods if any one says that my husband is coming. He has had two hemorrhages from the lungs within a week and sits up night after night brooding over the fire. Tom sends for his men, pays them, pays the debts he owes for supplies, and sends him the receipts. Then Lowell's insane fancy changes. As much deter- mination as he had shown in avoiding Tom he now displayed in refusing to leave us. He came early into our dining room and sat there all day with his hat over his brows speaking ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F5_p260.jpg) to no one, a statue of despair, and only leaving when all our lights were extinguished. We felt very sorry for poor Lowell. A young fellow, threatened with disease of the lungs, he had hoped like ourselves to make enough by this venture to rest and gather strength to live. Red Head lent him money and he did his best to invest it prudently. He had been a little too sharp, had bought horses that were cheap, hired men at low wages, engaged his supplies at the lowest rates. - The cheap horses broke down, the oxen betrayed why he was suffered to make "such a bargain" in obtaining them, the men worked as little as they expected to do when they hired at the rates they did. His supplies were delivered to people who would pay more for them, and he was ruined. No wonder he brooded unhappily. It was nearly a week before he could be persuaded ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F5_p261.jpg) to accept a liberal sum - called wages by Tom, and consent to go home to be nursed by his sister-in-law. We did not mind his occupying our dining-room, as since Simon's illness we had grown used to vacating it on occasions of household emergency. One evening during my convalescence, the first time I was dressed indeed, I had made at the sewing machine, ticks for thirteen pillows, to be used by thirteen team- sters who arrived unexpectedly and for whom there were no lodg- ings elsewhere. A vast bed of hay was made on the dining-room floor, and the tickings being filled with hay and a drugget spread over the whole each man rolled himself in his blanket, and there they slept nightly for many weeks. The room was only just restored to its proper use when Lowell took poss- ession so it made little difference to us to keep on taking our meals in my loft bedroom ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F5_p262.jpg) until he went away. After seeing him off, a portion of his spirit seemed to have falled upon Elias. He sat on a log in what is now our garden, whittling a stick. We went to walk and returned; there he still sat two hours after. My husband and I sat down near him. He had a good pair of oxen and Tom engaged him to work upon our clearing with them through the spring. He still remained there and my husband supposing he did not comprehend the state of his accounts fully, went over to him, and showed him how much better off he and Lowell were in being paid full wages, than if they had been held to their contract. He had his 'greenbacks' lying in his hand, and as he opened and shut it he said in a half interrogative tone very gravely and sadly --"That's all, isn't it, now?" ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F5_p263.jpg) "Why confound it, Elias, how much more do you expect!" exclaimed Tom, supposing the man though himself ill-paid. "It isn't that, General, I'm knowing how much better you've done by us than we did by ourselves - but I mean, you know - and then he paused trying to express his meaning to himself more clearly, and a tear ran down his hard face - I mean is this the end of it all?" "Really Elias, I don't understand you!" There's Lote, going off in that wagon, sick. My wife, she's been most like a mother to him, for he's the youngest of us all, and he's that kind of soft silly chap, she can't bear to scold him, so she'll just take him home andpet him till he's well. But she'd take it all out on me, and I feel cheap enough. She told me ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F5_p264.jpg) how it would be before I started. Says she, "Lowell always bewitches you to put money in with him, and then you're always working over time for nothing to save money from the wreck he has made". And she said I needn't show my face again till I brought my money home! And I can't figure it out. I've worked hard; and Lowell he's worked himself sick, and he set so much store by his big job! I feel as if somethin' more ought to happen instead of its just endin' off. And this is all!-- The end of our big job!" My dear Tom, He was so determined not to let benevolence get the better of him! He proved to me in the evening in an incontrovertibel manner, as far as my logical power of refutation went at least, that a note of Miller the runaway R.R. contractor endorsed in Tom's ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F5_p265.jpg) favor, was as good security as a business man need require to authorise a loan to Elias to send back to his wife. There was a twinkle in his eye however, as he explained the trans- action to me, which justified my retort. I had said nothing at the time, but when we re-entered the house I had made an entry in my books. I now held it up to him and showed the loan as carried already to Profit and Loss. It has remained there ever since. Our only profit from the Lillibridge contract lay in the acquisition of a new household phrase. There is some satis- faction at least, if you can swear at a scoundrel who has cheated you. But if we wish to signify a state of matters where high hopes terminate in a blank that does not even leave room to complain of any one's misconduct, where one's great account ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F5_p266.jpg) ends in nothing - is simply closed To Balance then we say "The Big Job is ended". We have had to say it rather often, alas! ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F5_p267.jpg) CHAPTER XIX How to treat Felony in Utopia The end of the logging Season deprived Roxy of one of her most devoted suitors, William Wright, who had held a small contract for delivery of logs. He was just such a man asRoxy would admire, tall and slender, while she was short and stout, with eyes as black and beady as hers were blue and vague. His curling hair was dark brown, and he had cheeks of a ladylike pink whose delicate hue put Roxy's purple flush in- to disgrace. All these attractions however were insufficient to make him or any of his family liked in the country, though the same instinct which kept our McKean friends from warning us of Bright's reputation, prevented them from telling us why they shunned Bill Wright. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F5_p268.jpg) He was the nephew of that old Squire Wright at whose house I did not sleep once in our old coaching days. Failing to obtain any foundation whatever for what Wright insisted were baseless prejudices, Tom yielded to his earnest entreaties to give him a contract and let him prove what manner of man he was, or as he said "show what metal he was made of." The metal revealed itself, after his departure however, as brass very slightly electrotyped with gilding! His contract was for cutting down trees and hauling them to the long poles called "skids" upon which they were piled beside the road, ready to be hauled away by another contractor to the Banking Ground at the Mill. Skidding a log enables the teamster to roll it off easily upon his sled, although the accumulating snows may have concealed the skids ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F5_p269.jpg) Mr. Wright averred that his skids were all there, hidden under the snow, and seizing a shovel dug down at the foot of several, and displayed their ends protruding from under the logs. After he was gone the spring thaws allowed the neat piles of unskidded logs to settle down in the mud. But this was nothing, compared to another display of the base metal, which, as one of the neighbors remarked was Bill's weak pint". Wright explained to Tom on entering upon his contract that he had no funds of his own, but that he could have hay brought in and delivered for his teams at a comparatively low price if Tom would guarantee the payment. During a great part of the winter $50 a ton was the price, and therefore it was a prudent arrange- ment to secure as much as possible at this lower one. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F5_p270.jpg) But before consenting Tom guarded himself by stipulating that his dealings should be only with Wright. He would pay for every ton as delivered, in cheques to the order of Rice, the owner of the hay, but they were to be paid upon Wright's order, and receip- ted for by him, and the amount debited him in account with Tom. To this both Wright and Rice agreed. One July day of the next summer a wagon lumbered up to our door, and I was told that Mr. Rice wished to see me. He said he had called for the balance of that "air hay account." He knew the General's character so well that he had not come to see about it until he happened to want the money. "Oh, but, Mr. Rice, the last of that money was paid in March", I cried. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F5_p271.jpg) He shook his head and asserted that one month's hay was unpaid for. I brought out Wright's receipts, and the cancelled cheques. Upon looking them over he said that he had never received one particular cheque, and that the endorsement was in Wright's handwriting. And he pointed out that the name upon this cheque was written J. B. Rice whereas it should have been J.J. I looked at the date, it was that of the fire. Tom, upon my asking him about it, recollected Wright's coming and his having to attend to him in the whirl of confusion after the fire was subdued - his wife delirious upstairs, his papers huddled away for safety's sake by Harry, and his hands so much burned that it was very painful to hold the pen. But he had taken Wright's receipt ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F5_p272.jpg) for the amount, fortunately, as far as we were concerned. Wright had, it seems, been justly suspected of being over-handy with the pen, and now noticing the mistake of the initial, he had quitely imitated Rice's handwriting and drawn the money. The District-Attorney prepared an indictment against Wright, and my husband was summoned as a witness. The Grand Jury received him in an informal manner, and, as they lounged about the stove smoking and spitting, requested his opinion as to Wright's guilt. He explained to them that he must give the facts; it would be their place to form an opinion. They listened respectfully as he proceeded to explain to them in due form what their action should be, but as soon as he ceased, the ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F5_p273.jpg) old question was put in various forms. One of the Honorable Body took him aside for a private interview - repugnant to all Tom's sense of propriety - and, in order to influence his mind, informed him that Bill was sweet upon Baker Stutt's daughter, and would marry her if he wasn't convicted. Stutt was Cornelius' brother-in-law, was a friend of Tom's - and if Wright was con- victed the girl and her child would come on the poor-fund, instead of having a husband to earn her living. Another old farmer said, "General, Bill says he didn't know 'twas forgery, for there ain't no such person as J.B. Rice. He'd ha' scorned to write Jabe's real name, and he's willin' to pay the money and Jabe will take it - ef you don't want the thing put through. That's the pint, now, ain't it gentlemen? Are you mad with Bill, or kin ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F5_p274.jpg) we do just what we think proper? There was a murmur of assent. It was plain that all they really wished to know was whether the wrath of Kane was appeased. If the demands of Law and Justice were all that was in question the affair was easily arranged. "Who's Justice! She ain't got no feelings, but there's Bill's mother cryin' her eyes out. When it's all made straight, what's the use o' puttin' the county to more 'spense?" Such was the sentiment as expressed by one of their number. So the Commonwealth versus William Wright was ignoramused. He was called into the room, and after receiving a tremendous scolding "not that they believed him guilty but that they wished to warn him not to do it again" was dismissed in peace. But the pressure of ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F5_p275.jpg) of Public Sentiment compelled his immediate attendance at the Squire's with his bride-that-ought-to-have-been, and he was made to feel that a residence in one of the Western States would suit him better in future. What a happy state of Society that will be when the rep- entant criminal is restored to all a citizen's privileges, and allowed to "start fair" again as soon as he gives up relin- quishing his ill-gotten gains! I am not at all sure that "compounding a felony" isn't a very wise thing sometimes in a thinly settled country like ours. When the criminal is young, and there is room enough for him to begin a new life away from his old associations. But I suppose it is heresy to say so. Yet of such material were so many of the founders of our F.F. U.S.! ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F5_p276.jpg) CHAPTER XX Building I have been so busily writing about the winter's "lumbering" that I have omitted to chronicle Bright's achievements during those months. Yet the first time I ventured out after my illness I turned my steps towards the new house to inspect its progress. How the first sight of the dazzling snowy ground and brilliant skies smote upon my eyeballs, accustomed to the semi-darkness of the barn, altho- ugh Jane had muffled me in veils till I could scarcely breathe! I leaned upon my husband's arm. Bright came to meet us, and escorted me with an air of modest complacency to look at the effect of the West front. I raised my veils and gasped, so profoundly was I surprised by the effort of his un- ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F5_p277.jpg) assisted genius! One very pretty feature of our plan was its irregularity, and the wing which Bright had now "sided up" was in itself a picturesque little cottage. Over its outer door was a recessed porch or balcony; which was intended to deepen the shadow cast by the adjoining main building. It was to be ornamented by a carved railing. Bright, having perplexed himself to no purpose with the plans, had looked at the perspectiveless front elevation, and brought the house wall which should have been four feet behind the balustrade, flush with the rest of the wall, substituting for the carved railing a sunk panel below a window of the little room he had thus made. It looked like a harlequin after-thought. Tom, seeing my disappointment ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F5_p278.jpg) suggested that Bright should be made to take it away, but I begged that nothing should delay our advance towards having a dwelling where we could keep ourselves dry and clean. The barn daily became more uncomfortable. The fires we had been obliged to keep up had seasoned the shingles of the roof completely. One day during my illness I had complained that my feet were wet. Jane, supposing that it was but a delirious fancy, tried to soothe me, until in the course of a series of composing "dabs" she felt that the coverings at the foot of the bed were soaking from a leak in the roof, and after that a tin pan was placed on my couch to catch the drops that tinkled down monot- onously from the thawing snow overhead. Again "drips" made their way through other shingles, and ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F5_p279.jpg) we "nightly" pitched our moving tent" in sheltered spots to avoid them. We thought it best therefore not to discourage Bright, but entering the building I was pleased to find the sub- flooring of the lower story down, and the studding up that defined each room and closet. My husband could scarcely understand the pleasure with which my eyes roved from one beam to another. But in fancy I saw each cherished article of furniture in place and welcomed our friends to the cheerful little parlour glowing with light and colour. After this I never let a day pass without inspecting Bright's work. The parlor was to be panelled with pine, varnished and oiled, and Tom had been particular in choosing the most beautifully grained wood that ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F5_p280.jpg) his yard supplied. It was almost finished ready for oiling, and sand-papered to a spotless surface when that final thaw began which closed the logging season. I may seem to be irrelevant, but I am not, in here introducing a mention of the carload of meal which I ordered upon commencing my lumbering Adventure. It did not arrive until just about the close of the season, and then the dealer apologized for the delay, and mentioned incidentally that he had sent new meal. I consoled myself for the now unnecessary purchase by thinking that our own cattle could eat it up grad- ually. New meal of course must be nicer than old. On the day of which I write I was dressing to go over to the house when old Jonathan came. He had charge of the meal, and was now ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F5_p281.jpg) covered from head to foot with its dust. He stammered in his husky voice. "M-m-m-Mrs. Kane, where did y' allow all that meal to go?" "In the granary at the big barn of course", I answered sharply, surprised that he should ask. "You told me there was plenty of room before I ordered it." "Ya'as, but you din't say 'twas new meal was comin'" he said with the air of one who gives an irrestible retort. "Ye know its het up, I s'pose?" "No. Het up? What's that?" "Well, its what new meal will do. It gets het up and then it has to be spread out thin on a floor and tossed over night and mornin', or else it'll sour and then the cattle won't eat it. I've got the granary ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F5_p282.jpg) floor covered as deep as I dare, and now what'll I do with the rest?" "You may spread it in the little log-shanty the General used to sleep in before we came." "Well, I took that already, that's a fact," he laughed behind his hand, "May as well tell ye at onc't, Mrs. Kane, I 'lowed ye'd hav' to let me put it over in the room they've got ceiled in the new house." It cost me a struggle to grant this; I went to the building to see if there was not some other room that could be taken. Old Dunbar followed me chuckling apologetically, yet full of amusement. The old scamp! He had sleds already drawn up before the door and the damp golden meal was being spread all over the floor. Dunbar turned and tossed the meal daily, ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F5_p283.jpg) as it had to be exposed to the cold night air, all the squirrels and woodmice of Kane Summit were free to scamper over it every night. When the meal was finally removed the house had been filled with their nests between its inner and outer "skin". And the damp meal had stained the dainty panels of the wains- coting shockingly. However, it could not be helped, and after the room was cleaned, and the oil and varnish put on, I soon forgot to notice the stains, and in time they nearly disappeared. Now I began to enjoy a new pleasure - that of entering this room when the workmen were gone, and placing a chain by the window looking out comfortably upon the woodland view which seemed more beautiful than ever seen from the windows of my home. To look out through the large ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F5_p284.jpg) clear-panes had become a luxury which I could prize, after being compelled so long to sit on the floor to obtain the scanty light- that came through the barn windows. The day was considered an eventful one when we first mounted the staircase to the second story. Little Evan came back pre- tending to be highly dissatisfied with his first view of the future nursery. "There were no chinks in the floor to drop things through to startle Eliza. And it would be lonely not to see what was going on in the kitchen." The other children expressed a serio-comic want of the "conveniences" of the barn-- "No place like the barn for the chickens beneath the dining- room - how we shall miss the crowing and clucking when we are at meals! And no knot-hole in the wall ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F5_p285.jpg) above Mother's bed. She won't be able to beg Eliza to get up in the morning and we can't pull her night cap in return through it. How dull it will be!" I doubted whether Eliza would condescend to rise punctually without the stimulus of my entreaties; for as it was, even with the convenience of a knot hole her laydship only gave me the amount of heed a grazing cow pays to the barking of the shepherd- dog moving no whit faster than suits her convenience. She knew I was without any chance of securing a better servant in her place! But there was full compensation for the want of knot- holes in the immense privilege of having doors that would lock - rooms that were not thoroughfares. No pleasure however was so great as that of the windows, hung with weights, secure of stay- ing open instead of falling with a shattering bang. They could be washed ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F5_p286.jpg) without knocking out panes innocent of putty; they could be curtained. Oh how large those clear sheets of glass seemed! If you want to"appreciate the comforts of a home" try first six months' probation in a horse Barn. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F5_p287.jpg) CHAPTER XXI Our first Spring and the Clearing Season In the barn Tom had supplemented the windows by "soupirails" bored in the side of the wall. We felt conscious that the new house did not afford us that convenience though to be sure its windows looked East, West and North. But in the barn we could secure an out- look as easily as if we were to bore through a cheese rind. --One misses something even in parting from one's old familiar shoe! ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F5_p288.jpg) Tom's peephole in the barn commanded a view of the ground we were commencing to clear for a garden, close beside our stable residence. Is it any wonder that he was nervously watchful lest fire should again assail us? Night after night he lay awake, stealing to his lookout whenever he could rise without disturbing my slumbers. It was unusually dry that spring, and the brush heaps in burning would ignite last year's dry shrivelled leaves, and almost before your eyes could note that the fire had caught, a blackened spot would be spreading over the ground, widening like the circles on water when a stone is thrown in. When we began clearing what we now call the Railroad slope, the fire spread from it all round the house and even to the barn, singeing the mossy tree stems and threat- ening to destroy all the shrubbery. Our men, and we ourselves down to Harry and Elisha were busy "threshing out ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F5_p289.jpg) smokes" druing all the soft spring days. One time, when a wind arose, I remember that I was admiring the exquisite beauty of some lofty trees which were wrapped in flame to the very top. The sickening heat drove me back as I was observing them. The wind seemed to turn for the fire met me in the dire- ction of my flight. I was excessively alarmed; though I imagine causelessly, for one of the men coming up soon guided me to a place of safety. But this was the danger of house building in a piece of forest "cut over" in every direction - filled with freshly chopped trees and undergrowth, and encompassed for almost three quarters of a circle by a Railroad. Almost any wind would bring fire - caught from locomotives - sweeping over our grounds. Another time I was down at the "cut" after we had been obliged to stop the trains which were then due by a telegraphic message for the fire was raging on both sides of the track. When it was ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F5_p290.jpg) sufficiently subdued for safety I was amused to see the train dash by at its utmost speed, the engineer with his most resolute air, all the windows closed and the passengers' faces pressed against the glass, gazing at the smoking hill side, and the blackened groups of men among whom we stood. I was very hope- ful and happy that spring. The children too were blithe to emerge from the dark barn into the vivid light and air. Every day brought us something new to discuss. Once I was dragged by my little pioneers to see a wondrous thing. They had dis- covered a tree in which almost overgrown by bark, they had found my maiden initials carved above a cross. When we over- took my husband and brought him to the tree he confessed that it was carved the day he first longed, years before the War to set up the pillars of his habitation ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F5_p291.jpg) in this very spot. Another day as I stood watching the children playing, a cloud darkened the sky, and I heard a rushing sound like an approaching summer rain. Looking up I saw that it was caused by myriads of pigeons flying over. Their numbers increased until the noise became deafening, a mighty murmur drowning all other sound. In the preceding autumn two or three wild pigeons had lighted down near the house, and after feeding on the beechmast for several days had flown off. Cornelius told us they were scouts. He said these birds were sent, as Caleb and Jashua were, to spy out the land. Next year they would bring their fellows in the spring to the best spot for their great pigeon-roost. And now his prophecy had come true. All day the flocks passed over- ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F5_p292.jpg) head, so low that Cornelius said the chosen spot must be very near us. Hundreds of them staid around the house, and startled early risers by fluttering up from the bushes. Night and morning we saw them seeking food. Fowlers, white men and Indians, soon followed to ascertain the precise location they had chosen. In a few weeks when the birds had fairly settled themselves and the squabs were worth eating, the fowlers re- appeared bringing carts filled with barrels. The trees con- taining nests were cut down, and thousands of the birds were killed uselessly in the general massacre. So abundant were they that only the fattest and best were selected to pack down in salt and barrel up for the city markets. The rest were left to die or recover as they might. All round the neighbor- ing cabins you saw dozens of dead pigeons lying which the men had killed, ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F5_p293.jpg) and the women were too lazy to dress. For thorough waste- fulness commend me to the wives of Irish labourers when their husbands are in full work! Our pretty little pigeon that had been flying gradually lower and slower than the rest of the flock, Elisha one morning followed and picked up. A wing had been injured, and the weary bird suffered him to caress her, and place her in a soft nest which the other little boys prepared. Very few days made her quite tame, and when some one shot her, sincere grief was mingled with their indignation. They found consolation in watching the movements of Eliza Lillibridge and his oxen. He was preparing the space in front of the house to be dragged and sown with grass, and the intelligence with which the oxen obeyed his voice ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F5_p294.jpg) charmed the children. Elisha called Lillibridge "Hop Out". for that was what we thought he said to the oxen. "Hop Out" and Hop right!" My husband laughed and told us it was "Haw Buck" and "Haw Bright", but we remained of the same opinion still, for the oxen seemed to go to the right when he said "Hop right naow", and to execute a clumsy shuffle that might be an effort to "Hop Out" in obedience to his command. Wonder- ful docility they showed in placing their awkward legs in positions where the instinct of nature declared "Thou shant not go under penalty of maiming thyself". There would be a strain- ing pull, a stagger, an encouraging cry of "Hop Out", now and they would walk off with a great log dragging behind them which they had extricated from a mass of tangled boughs. How proud I was of "the lawn" when it had been seeded down, and I saw its irregular wavy surface covered with a tender ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F5_p295.jpg) green growth of oats. Of course we could not attempt to level it while it was yet full of blackened stumps. Spring, which at first stimulated my little human plants, had weakened them again. The delicate "White Rose of all the World" was languishing. He loathed our coarse food, and I sent him to his grandmother in Philadelphia for change of air. Cook Eliza was going down and took charge of him. At that time a bridge had been washed away by a flood. In the middle of the night they had to rouse little Evy, and a kind passenger carried him down a hill, wrapping him in his own coat as he placed him in the little boat which ferried the passengers across the Susquehanna. The child showed no fear, and would not complain of fatigue. But his nerves had been overtried, and the forgotten faces of his Philadel- ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F5_p296.jpg) phia friends did not reassure him. They had to send for his father to comfort him in his home-sickness, poor little dar- ling! Harry accompanied her father. Her eyes, always sensi- tive, had suffered from the smoke in the barn, and I was alarmed by a morbid growth on the cornea of the left one. For two weeks Elisha and I were left alone. But we were so busy that the time passed rapidly. In the sweet spring afternoons we explored our domain, feeling as if we had penetrated to a great distance in the vast forest that surroun- ded us. Now our fields and gardens seem to have brought those distances almost to our feet. In the mornings we worked hard, and when the travellers returned, had many little changes to show them. For one, the garret rooms in the wing were finished and ready for occupation. I had Turkey red curtains hung over the windows, the floor ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F5_p297.jpg) neatly carpeted, the furniture in place, and the wooden walls and sloping ceiling painted white. One or two engravings on the walls adorned my bower. There were moments of despondency - especially when the smell of paint was strong - when I felt it necessary to open the casement and look out to satisfy myself that I was not surrounded by bulkheads in the cabin of a ship. Had my husband been at home he would have had the glaring white- ness of the paint subdued, but I was too anxious to see a room ready for use to wait for a painter. Bright's carpenters could give me plenty of coats of white lead, and they laid it on thickly. I had become especially anxious to leave the barn after making certain discoveries. The wild mice of the woods, pretty little white- bellied creatures with eyes like birds - had gnawed their way into my boxes. They had ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F5_p298.jpg) made nests in all sorts of things - in small boxes, basins, cups, and jugs; and had adorned them with the softest linings my wardrobe could furnish. Imagine my consternation when I came to the pile of fine handkerchiefs whose lace and embroidery were the well preserved relics of my trousseau. The circles they had taken out of them were as neatly cut as a juggler's. Anderson would have horrified his spectators with a single hole to a handkerchief, but these zealous little operators had given me one to each fold. My precious Sev'res vase was lined with the fragments of a new silk tissue dress, its fibres torn apart like thistle-down. From one nest in a cylindrical jelly strainer we poured out eleven quarts and a gill by measure of clean clover seed. The barrel of seed was downstairs, and the little depredators had removed the grain from a ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F5_p299.jpg) less than 3/4 inch hole in the side of the barrel, had carried it upstairs, and then climbing to the top of the chest containing the jelly-strainer dropped themselves with their burden into it. When I grumbled my husband only laughed, and bade me admire the courage and beauty of my little enemies. They ran about without paying us much attention, even a stamp of the foot only making them scud a little faster in the direction they were going. Aunt Ann sent four cage-traps, such as, she wrote me, had caught thirteen mice in one night at her house. I baited mine regularly, and the corn regularly disappeared. Willie was charged with taking it, as he had been known to be averse to catching the pretty mice. One night I heard Jane laughing ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F5_p300.jpg) to herself, and went into the nursery. She pointed to a trap, and rocked herself backwards and forwards in speechless merriment. There was a large white-breasted mouse gravely walking up the inclined plane at the entrance of the trap. It allowed itself to be tilted into the trap without any discomposure, picked up a grain of corn, turned round and pulled the inner end of the little inclined plane down, walked up it and was tilted into freedom ! I availed myself next of a cumbrous contrivance of Philosopher Burlingame's which the children christened Cumnor Hall in allusion to the fate of Amy Rosart, tricked to death in the pursuit of Happiness in a similar manner. The cats who soon thronged round us finally drove the poor mice away, but my queerest allies were the hens. They would open their ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F5_p301.jpg) wings and run after the mice with the funniest uncertain rush, as if about to lose their balance, yet they always caught their prey. I don't know whether they ate them or not. The house-mice have not come yet, nor do we have any rats now. Yet we had our experience that spring with regard to them too. There had been numbers of them in the Oil Country, and one day we heard that "The Rats" had made their appearance at a place about twenty seven miles from us, and again at another nearer. Then a man out hunting met them in the woods about four miles off; describing them as very numerous; he thought they were squirrels at first. Then suddenly the barns and shanties in our Mill Hollow swarmed with them. The young men and boys attacked ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F5_p302.jpg) them with energy, slaying hundreds in a few nights. The poor things appeared to be very tired, very hungry or very stupid: I believe they were all killed or driven off. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F5_p303.jpg) CHAPTER XX Human vermin too swarmed in the Oil Country at that time. The Oil Fever was at its height, and reports reached us almost daily of outrages committed by lawless people who flocked in to gather money without toil. Sometimes the villains would stray to our fields to commit highway robberies and break into lonely houses. We had neither bolts nor shutters the first years we lived here, and besides the risk from Oil Country thieves there were deserters escaping the draft, or runaways from the army. These men hated and feared Tom, who had threatened to send any he could catch to the ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F5_p304.jpg) Marshal. Some, bolder than the rest, ventured to obtain work from him, preferring to risk detection to skulking in the woods. I remember we had four men mining coal at a lonely place in the forest about seven miles from here, one of whom was an Englishman. One day three of them were paid off but they said the Englishman was going to keep on digging for a week or two. Time passed, the deep snows of winter blocked all access to the mine, and the Englishman never came for his wages. Then a rumor gained credence that the three men were deserters, whom the Englishman had threatened to betray, and that they had murdered him. When the spring came and the snows melted away, search was made for him in vain. During the winter the shaft had fallen in, we may some day find his bones ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F5_p305.jpg) there if the shaft is reopened. Another fellow, Pat Long, by name, worked many weeks for us without Tom's knowing that he had deserted from one of the regiments of his last command. "I tell you," he said afterwards, "I used to quake in my shoes when the General would call to me, speaking short-like. When he paid me off he gave me a sharp look out of his eyes, and I thought I was gone. But he'd forgotten me". This was Pat's story after the Provost Marshal caught him. Before he was caught he played a trick upon Dr. Darling which will long be remembered. Pat had drunk up all his wages, and prodigal that he was desired to return to his decent wife, to have his sins con- dones, and his shirts washed before setting off again. It was a drive of fourteen miles from Smethport over a rough road ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F5_p306.jpg) -night was far advanced and the weather wintry. Pat's credit was bad, and though he offered to pay any money for his ride none of the men who owned horses would take him over. But Mrs. Pat's credit was good. Her lord accordingly went to Dr. Darling's house, and arousing the old doctor told him that Mrs. Long was very ill, and wished him to drive there at once. The doctor demurred - the way was so long, and he might lose it. Pat offered himself as guide, and was soon jogging homewards in the doctor's buggy. Arrived in front of the house, Pat jumped down to open the gate - and vanished! When the tired Doctor opened it himself, and had thumped along on the door, a light was struck inside the house, and an alarmed voice asked "What's the matter!" "Matter! Its the Doctor, Doctor ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F5_p307.jpg) Darling. Let me in." "Mercy on us, Doctor", cried Mrs. Long recognising his voice, and opening the door. "What's brought you along this way. Anyone ill?" "Madam, your husband came for me in the middle of the night, because you were so ill." " 'Sakes alive, Doctor, don't you go to foolin' me. I hain't heerd of the man these five months! I'm well enough, always am! Come in, and rest you!" ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F5_p308.jpg) It was Pat Long's exultation over his having cheated the Doctor which led to his betraying himself as a deserter, and even in the Marshal's clutch he consoled himself by thinking how successfully he had concealed his identity from Tom. It might have been said of the "thriving village of Kane" during its infancy, that, "Every one that was in distress, and every one that was in debt, and every one that was discontented, gathered themselves unto it." My husband made enemies among the rumsellers and they threatened to fire our house. In the affrays attendant on our efforts to enforce the Higher Law I think we were uniformly in the right. No! There was one instance, in which our theories were reduced to practice by a party of Bucktails. There the Hibernian spirit was too strong in the bosoms of the guardians of the peace. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F5_p309.jpg) A number of shanties were springing up in Wetmore Town- ship just beyond the line of our lands in which they sold liquor in defiance of the General. He had a board fence put up to debar their access to the Railroad. They tore it down. He rebuilt it, and announced that he should protect it. On a certain night, being warned that they designed destroying it, he detailed a squad of Bucktails to guard it. We learned next morning that they had far exceeded their instructions. Hiding behind the fence they waited until the liquor-seller's men tore off the first board; then rushing among them they beat them so severely as to leave one man insensible. Then they ran to mother's house and tore it to pieces. I grieve to say that by this time they were themselves the worse for liquor. They burned even the frag- ments of boards left of the large shanty, and were accused ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F5_p310.jpg) before a Justice of the Peace afterwards of helping them- selves to some money while throwing the landlord's wardrobe into the flames. If one cannot carry through a measure of this country for which public sentiment is unprepared, on the other hand one may find popular feeling affording unexpected support. In this case The People thought it was a fair fight, a free fight, a conflict of races and opinions. Mr. Martin Sowers (now a resident of Wilcox Jones Tp. Elk. Co.) although a publican himself, came forward to vindicate our brave boys under oath. He deposed before Judge Warner "It was most because he was a Dutchman that Jim Lan- drigan shoomped upon him, and treaded him in the mud". The man who was most severely stamped upon recovered, my husband paid his damages ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F5_p311.jpg) and he took himself and his "saloon business" to a more enterprising locality without bearing further malice. Tom was puzzled as to the situation of one tippling shanty. He felt sure it was somewhere on ground he controlled. Drunken men admitted that they had been tasting "Joy in the Old Stump" but refused to show the "Stump" to Tom. He found it for himself. As children playing Hide-the-Handkerchief say, Tom had often been "warm" but the want of any path from the Railroad had chilled the scent. The "STump Saloon" was hidden in the woods near old Johnsonburg, where the Railroad crosses the Clarion. An agile man could easily leap the stream, but was so choked with fallen trees and railroad debris that it was impassable for cart or beast of burden. Tom found that supplies were brought to the old turnpike, and after following it a mile the smugglers turned back at an acute angle, carefully ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F5_p312.jpg) avoiding to follow exactly in one path. The barrels were then carried into the shanty on men's shoulders. When Tom walked in among them, the party who were carousing rallied round their entertainer's stores with the intention of fight- ing. But he bade them mind their legs, as he was going to fire into the barrels. He held a revolver in each hand and when he did fire into the barells the men quietly dispersed. I think they cared little about the matter, now that their stolen waters were no longer secret. They had liked the fun of baffling Tom, but the proprietor of the Stump had made them pay heavily for the trouble he had in bringing his wares to market. Tom's eccentricity in respecting Womanhood even when embodied in an old scarecrow was relied upon to ensure the profits of one speculation. A shanty was put up, and an old woman ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F5_p313.jpg) installed. Her whiskey and the provisions were brought to her, and her instructions were, never to quit the house which her presence protected. But her proprietor forgot to provide her usual dish of gossip, and when her craving for it grew strong she one day stole off to Wilcox. Here was Tom's opportunity. He moved the goods daintily out to the roadside and then had every board and stick of timber in her shanty carried off, and the ground smoothed over. At dusk back she came, and like Mother Goose's old woman, cried, "This is nane of me". For she couldn't find a trace of her habitation, but in her gropings discovered her goods and sat down by them to bewail herself. Tom came up and inquired what was the matter. She did not know him, and was glad to accept his offer to transport her and her belongings to her proprietors tavern in Wilcox. The old woman ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F5_p314.jpg) dismally apprehensive of the wrath in store for her was puzzled at the uproarious mirth of the greeting the loungers uttered when her courteous escort ushered her into the bar-room He was allowed to have out-generalled the enemy! He succeeded in putting down all the liquor shops in the territory he controlled, but the owners of a strip of land close to Kane, although disputing among themselves as to the title, agreed in permitting any one who would pay for the privilege to put up a "Saloon". Whiskeytown for a time threatened to outgrow Kane Proper as many people preferred to go where they could enjoy freedom, they said. But the Whiskeytowners felt degraded in theirown eyes, and secretly esteemed the Kane-ites aristocratic, and lots there are now sold at a discount, and Kane-ites are bribed to exchange as Tom will not sell to Whiskeytowners. But in the ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F5_p315.jpg) time of which I am writing the Whiskeytowners, flaunted their licenses at us in triumph. The whiskey dealers themselves lived in fear of the spirit of evil they evoked. Once we went over to see a little boy who was very ill, the son of a man particularly obnoxious to us. His wife received us with an earnest welcome that made us feel how little she had expected us to return with him. We had seen that the man's paternal love made him humble himself in his own eyes in beseeching our assistance. The mother seemed gratified by Tom's leaving me along in the house for a half hour or so - he knew I was armed, however - while I superintended something that was to be done for the little patient. I saw that the building had inside double shutters of solid two inch plank, strongly barred with iron. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F5_p316.jpg) She told me in a low voice, for there were men drinking in the outer room, that they had to close them every night, and some- times customers crazy with drink would come back after the bar was shut up, and batter at them till they feared for their lives. And they would yell "and carry on" all night. One wretched woman's fate was too horrible to tell in these pages, but I could quite understand Mrs. Welcker's terror. While such scenes were being enacted at the upper end of the "Town" our house lay hidden among its woods in a sweet hush of repose. But there was something of awe in the silence of our moonlight nights. The tall beams of the unfinished Tower had an expressive way of slanting their shadows across the tiny oval of greensward; the tree stems here and there were touched ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F5_p317.jpg) with flecks of radiance which had the effect of throwing back into blackness all beyond the influence of the moonbeams. Who could tell what unseen eyes might be watching us from the sombre forest that shut us in! One night little Evy cried "Mother, Mother, the tree stems look like Spectres!" "Oh, Eve, you know nothing about spectres". "Yes, I do, Mother, they are a kind of white creature that waves about in the dark". The children laughed gaily; they had no fears. Our new home was free from ghosts. It had no dark rooms, no chambers haunted by the memory of deathbeds. Our lives were those of active practical business folk, and we had no time to cultivate imaginary terrors. Yet I could not divest myself of ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F5_p318.jpg) a sensation for weeks that something haunted us of nights. I often peered from my window among the trees fancying I saw a stealthy figure glide between the stems. One night our fat little Willie came hurrying down the stairs out of the dark nursery. "oh Mamma, I trod on a ghost!" "Trod on a ghost, baby Will? Come children, let's go see the ghost!" The children's laughter, and the cheerful lights re- assured Willie, but he said, "Don't Mamma, it was only a little rusty ghost!" That night in the privacy of our room I confessed that the dignified Mother of the family feared that there was either a "rusty ghost" or a man lurking under the trees. To my horror, Tom who was in a fit of ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F5_p319.jpg) absence of mind, heedlessly answered. "Oh, he's quite harmless. We're the last people in the world he'd fire at. I believe he thinks he's guarding the house." And composed himself to sleep! So I had been striving to shake off no fancy - a figure did prowl round the house. And when I found that it carried a loaded rife, and I thought of my lockless innocent doors, I was thoroughly frightened. Yet I learned to sleep in peace, as our strange protector could not be induced to leave us until some newer vagary should strike his crazed fancy. Truly my husband has an attractive power for oddities! I think his friend Philosopher Burlingame is half-cracked! There was a crazy youth who lingered about our house last ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F5_p320.jpg) summer, announcing to all who cared to hear, that the General was ready to give him a fifty-acre farm the day he married the rich lady (poor old Jane!) Who tended the children. Here was our mad guardian, a more difficult person to deal with. "Mack" so called because either his first or last name was MacDougal) was of an almost noble lineage and proud of it as Lucifer! And his brother a wealthy land owner and lumberman of Canada West had paid his debts more than once before he cast him off. He was perfectly sane at times, and then was a mighty hewer of wood. It was the harmonious action of his muscular limbs that first drew Tom's attention to the giant, and he engaged him on the spot. When "Mack's" evil spirit was in the ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F5_p321.jpg) the ascendant he drank and gambled without ceasing, until he went crazy. But with a forethought which was certainly singular, he had provided for such a contingency. He went everywhere accompanied by a parasite, precisely as the mason Briggs was followed by his hideous Morey. Mack's was a man of feeble frame who lived on his earnings during his working seasons, and "managed his affairs" as he magniloquently said, when he was demented. Mack conceived a passionate for Tom, which became embarassing during his time of insanity. Besides his nightly watch, he would sometimes rush into the house in the daytime and order the women in the kitchen to fetch Tom instantly. The terrified servants could not pacify him, if the General could not leave whatever he was about. And then Tom would ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F5_p322.jpg) gradually coax him off the premises, when we would venture out of our hiding-places. Our fears had some foundation, for he had grapsed one of the liquor-sellers in Whiskeytown by the throat and shaken him nearly to death because he refused to give him wiskey when he was already beside himself with drink. But Tom was not afraid of him, and still points with pride to the tranway whose timbers he hewed in so short a time, to bring the logs from the banking ground to the Mill. That "Banking-ground" is now a fine meadow, but we have left the old tramway at the edge of the woods that we may have a reminder of the topography of the scene of our active labours when we were lumbermen. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F5_p323.jpg) CHAPTER XXXV In the spring and early summer of 1865 the Mill was briskly at work. Tom had been at considerable expense after he took possession to put it in the completest order possible. The love of accuracy which was habitual with him had made him dissatisfied with lumber that was not sawed as well as it could be done. And he insisted upon having no second- class wood put in to adulterate a lot of first-quality lumber. So it came to pass that Kane's Mill began to have a reputation. We had a demand for our lumber as fast as it could be manu- factured, and even Tom began to feel as if our losses would soon be replaced. I was conscious that the figures he muttered half aloud when he believed me securely asleep were of a more cheerful style of Arithmetic than the dismal calculations of the winter nights. The books we read had a strange tendency to depart from the subjects on which they professed to dwell, and to lead to Cherry Boards and White Wood ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F5_p324.jpg) Plank. If they did not, how happened it that all our dissertations on literary topics ended in lumbering matters! I fear we sometimes talked business on Sundays! As for me I was delighted. I wanted my husband to be an Admirable Crichton. Since my feather measured all men by their comm- ercial value I took pride in showing him that Tom could succeed in business as well as if he were not a genius. I was down at the Mill every day for one reason or another. The Mill and the new House absorbed my thoughts entirely. On the 20th of June I went down after breakfast to give some directions about a Bill of Lumber that was to be sawed. The sun was shining brightly, the men were all busily employed and I felt so exultingly happy as I returned home that I almost hated to reenter the house ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F5_p325.jpg) the house. The children ran to meet me, saying they heard me singing all the way as I came up the hill. But there were letters to go by that day's mail so I went up to my room. Shortly after I saw from my window one of the men hurrying up the path, and he had hardly entered the house before Tom uttered something between a groan and a cry, and I saw him rush out. My heart seemed to stand still for a moment; I knew what had happened. I must insist upon it, I knew what had happened. I ran down caught up the hat and stick Tom had forgotten, and overtook him. The poor fellow was already moving along with diffi- culty, for his wound had been giving him great pain of late. We did not speak. He caught my hand in his, and we hurried on. Half way ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F5_p326.jpg) down the hill we paused - Oh what was that dreadful sound! Reaching the spring clearing there we caught sight of the flames, and the rolling clouds of smoke, highest where the steam shot upward from the tall smoke pipe. The fire had already reached the boilers, and the steam was blowing off in volume, resounding the roaring of the fire, like some monster bellowing in pain. No hope of saving the Mill and losing the Mill meant the loss of everything we had. As we resumed our hasty way I noticed my husband's set white lips, and prayed for some thought of comfort to give him. Alas, there was nothing of comfort in the pros- pect! Coming to the still unfinished tramway, Tom bade me keep behind the trees for fear of the boiler's bursting, while he ran to the fire. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F5_p327.jpg) As I came down the tramway, crazy McDougal caught my eye. He was working on the timbers, paying no heed to the fire, hewing as energetically as if the work were to be of any use. I suppose I did not look smiling, for he suddenly threw his axe away with an oath, and dashed into the woods, I was too miserable to be frightened. They accused him of firing the Mill because he ran away but I am sure he was innocent. Keeping on, I joined the women who were gathere d under the trees, not a few weeping, and all feeling the blow this was to the settle- ment. Every woman there had her little stake in our pros- perity, and each one's husband was fighting the fire to save something from its clutch. I stood among them awhile, but moved away, annoyed, when one spoke to me. I had an ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F5_p328.jpg) aching feeling in my heart, but was vexed with myself that I could not concentrate my thoughts upon the calamity, and how to face it. Nor could I force myself to think how I should ever get Tom through the rest of that dreadful day. Instead I noticed with curiosity the great sparks that the wind drove over towards the neighboring buildings and counted the men who stood on each roof extinguishing those that might kindle anew on the dry shingles. I saw one man hew away the part of the trestles which led to the piles of lumber, and heard the encouraging cheer that welcomed him as he came back half fainting from the heat. Too, I saw two women had a pail of water, and a dipper with which they sprinkled the exhausted men who were making efforts too great for their strength. I could hardly recognise the blackened grimy fellows, every one of whom ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F5_p329.jpg) had his hair singed, and some their eyebrows burnt off. When Joe Barnes came reeling out of the smoke, one of these women ran forward to him, and caught him in her arms. I saw her sponge his face, and give him an encouraging pat as he went back. Who was she, that was so thoughtful, and so especially kind to Joe? I moved forward to look. It was actually Lucy Barnes. And that other Sister of Mercy with the big tears hop- ping down her cheeks was her mother, red-nosed, pipe- smoking Mrs. Garlic, whom I had despised! On the other side of the fire I saw good old Jane gesticulating wildly at me, afraid the heat and excitement would give me Erysipelas again. When she saw that I remained quiet watching for glimpses of Tom as he moved among the groups, she devoted herself to dashing bucket ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F5_p330.jpg) fuls of wet mud upon the piles of lumber nearest the flames: an example that was soon followed by the men. Some one now said that Owen Coyle had tried to open the valve, and let the steam escape from the boiler, but failing in this had raised his axe, and struck the whole head of the stop-cock off. There was no fear the boiler would explode. The fire was slackening too. I recognized the cherry mouldings I had counted a few hours before, the piles of exquisitely planed flooring just ready for our house, our doors - our cornice - brackets - watched with a certain interst the efforts of a group of men to fling a cable round some of the upper machinery to ease its descent. But it crashed in like the rest. Then ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F5_p331.jpg) we gathered round the ruins watching. Even the rough- est were silent as those who gather round a deathbed are, dropping their hands, needing no Master of Cere- monies to teach the observances of the hour. Nothing more could be done. The last of the blackened beams swayed and subsided into the incandes- cent mass beneath, and all was over. I felt that this was the time for tears if I could shed them, but I cannot cry at the right season. I sat down under the shade of the trestle, for I sud- denly found that there was a hot bright sun glaring upon me, to take down the men's depositions as to the cause of the fire. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F5_p332.jpg) But I knew that it was useless. When Tom came to me we turned to go home without a word. The pretty house caught my eye with the newly raised frame of the main building outlining tower and gable. I recalled the look of the pile of flooring as it burned. 'Twould be a reason to assign for delay in proceeding, "We would begin again when there should be fresh lumber seasoned" we could tell our neighbors, but in that then I wrote a Never. We would go away - as soon at least as we could sell our property. I would never, never interfere with Tom's plans again! I had urged my husband to invest his all here! Now it was gone, and he leaned on my arm a crippled man, and worse than penniless. His youth was over, My wounded soldier, instead of being provided with a sub- sistence by his family till he should be cured, and strong again, was leaned upon by them. And ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F5_p333.jpg) I had spurred my willing horse to this fatal leap! I thought of poor General Arthur St. Clair of the Rev- olution, our predecessor perched on the Penna RR. Summit of the Allegheny Mountain as we were on ours. I saw in vision people passing in the cars here, too, and pointing upwards to the blackening skeleton timbers of "Kane's Folly." If I could have taken a dose of "poppy or mandra- gora", and given Tom another! I felt as if we ought to make a long pause to contemplate our Ruin. Decen- cy required that people should not intrude their every day matters upon us. Let us sit down in our sackcloth, and put ashes on our heads in peace. Surely it made no matter to any one now what we did or did not do. We could no longer give these people work: let them leave us alone! Tom threw himself on his ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F5_p334.jpg) bed faint and sick, and I mechanically sat down at the table. There were the plans of the house spread out, and the letter I had paused in writing two hours ago when I heard that cry from Tom. I gathered them up in a heap and threw them on the floor, and then went and kneeled down by my hus- band. He drew my aching head to his shoulder, and asked me if I was now satisfied that he had done his best. And I told him that he had. Then Eliza came to the door. "Mrs Kane" cried her grating coice, "won't the General come down to McDougal? He's ranting about the kitchen and swears he won't go till he sees how the general's wound stood the fire." So poor Tom gathered himself up, and went to soothe his madman. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B31_F5_p335.jpg) And thus we took up our burdens again. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B32_F10_p001.jpg) 1 Mr Jacob Hamblin Jan 2. 1873 Ives in 1858 March — Hamblin was watching him with 3 men and two Indians Pai-Utes. I was expected up North to know what was going on: so I went on to the Vegas and come along that way. He was scared, and gave up trying to penetrate in that direction: gave out all his presents. Might have got into S. Utah by this pass. I was set on the track of it and hunted it up that summer. That was a lie about that letter I never touched [-] Note by E D K. Think St. I. was very candid. Hamblin says those redheaded Moquis are Albinos, a freak of nature not, a difference of blood. Ah-hilska's idea in coming here. They [-] all these Indians pretend that their forefathers said a white people would come— and be one with them, and now we want to be children of the great man. I am speakin now of Navajoes — didn't you see him put his arms round you and me — said as I understood that Sunfather wanted him to come and see us — same time wanted cavallos to ride back: signified that the Oraybes and I had long been at peace now he and I and you was to I don't know that this is general. I only know what he said then. Change within 2 yrs in Indian Char: when with Powell's party a [---] runners came had travelled night and day, asked for Mormone Mormone. Came up to me laid his fingers — here crossed forefingers above heart K says symbol of sacred heart — invited us to come to his people to be friends — My reason for change wd. surprise you. Our citizens who begun new settlements had horses stolen Pres: Young sent me telegram ([-] yrs ago — last fall that big party went & failed) next yr. I want you to go make friendly relationship went to Lt Defiance had council with 29 out of 30 Chiefs told my business relig: was inquired into touched upon after council was over in course ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B32_F10_p002.jpg) told 'em was ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B32_F10_p003.jpg) told em was all one Gov. dif. relig. points Gathered after me ask what dif. Told. Well we like that they endorsed it. Then we went on to Moquis villages there they sent for all the sub. Chiefs the two that had been away . Theres where talk took place that led to this change. This was at old Moquis town - name like Wallapais—One chief declared You are the people we've been lookin' for. didn't say nothin' about his forefathers & now hear what I say and repeat it to your people when you get home I answered I've come to hear it We've got a father at Ft Defi. to teach agriculture, a bread- -father: we take you to be our sun-father—a father of peace. from this time forth we want to acknowledge one parent—let us, let us*, and sit by one fire eat at one table smoke one cigarrite and cover with one blanket: that is all we could do—that is all there is for a Navajo: meaning that was all they had. This was the Navajoes. They haven't any houses only temporary lodges. They farm a patch and keep their flocks in some other deestricts till their crop is raised what there is. *Let us teach this to our children that they may do the same" Chief's name Genah-da - Cal Gonaive mucho—that's Spanish for "much of a band of horses"—then he says to me Be sure not to mind to make a fire as large and as conspicuous as you want to in our country and sleep by it, and if you lose your horses we'll find them And this has happened twice. We lost a horse so couldn't find it and one Indian Chief brought it in, and was ever so much pleased. Wouldn't take anything for it oh no gesture of disgust & averted head insisted on following me half a mile and insisted on putting blanket on the horse. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B32_F10_p004.jpg) George A. was killed in 1860 J.H. has thirteen children at home 3 or 4 married. Has lived in Kanab 18 months—I was there myself keeping outpost 18 months before that— ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B32_F10_p005.jpg) He (this Chief) brought me a man and wanted me to look on him so that I could recognise him. He told his name was Has-teel-ee- and made me pronounce it, write it & then pronounce it again. He said this man lived near my trail and if I wanted anything done out that way and arranged it with him it should be done. That was at the beginning of this change three years ago: some individual stole 4 horses since but the chiefs whipped him and sent the horses back. They have kept their treaty The Indians North of the Rim or waters running North one called Pah Piedes, those this way Pah-Utes- Parooshets—muddy water-ites—men of the Rio Virgin Mowapatz spirit-ites—father of the Lord, he come & put his son on earth. they was so wicked he wouldn't let him stay took him home and cursed these Indians & drove 'em different cursed the land & made it produce prickly pear, etc. Indians round here on the Clara are Tonyquints Clear Creek-ites. The first time at the Crossing of the Colorado in I had 4 Moquis along and I seen by their talk emong themselves that they was meaning to turn back: well it did look pretty bad: but we wanted to be on good terms with them so while they was talkin I sent the blankets across. When he seen it one cried: then the chief he sen consecrated the water same as the old Gov. did only he didn't ask me to help - 'cause he had help to 6 If B.Y. sends that large party he talks on they're likely have trouble. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B32_F10_p006.jpg) As soon as they were over they got off their horses, fell on their knees and thanked the Lord "Qua Qua Oh-h-h-ma!" Those were the first Moquis that had ever crossed over within the knowledge of the oldest settler. There's half an acre of their old pottery over here on the Clara—the Moquis say they tried to live here and did but there was too much fightin. I took an old Moquis to a cache he dug into near Kanab in breaking up the ground I run the plow into it water jugs and sarsepans some were whole He says Our folks was here once—and away back to Salt Lake but became very wicked wouldn't listen to the Lord nor thank Him & 3 prophets come among them & cursed 'em and they died all off, and they scattered among the mts and they Pau Utes pursed them, got to the river (Colorado) and the 3 prophets appeared among 'em, and took 'em over to build their houses and told 'em never to cross the river till they seen them again and when the housen fell down and they was very poor & miserable they would come again. The crossing they took 'em over was my old crossing 50 miles above the Paria mouth— —instances places where Moquis towns and pieces of pettery I seen myself the sign. Sign? Yes where vertical sandstone cleft would find hole cut for insertion of rung, and groove opposite—cave above where family had lived 30 or 40 feet up. The old Moqui said he only knew from tradition but when I went up the Potato Creek river then I found them— ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B32_F10_p007.jpg) On almost all the springs on the Kibab (Lying) Mt you will find their traces some on the Little Colorado some near San Francisco Peaks— some near mouth of San Juan—Places in caves where you find old sheep manure covered up with caves— when I saw some of their houses—the Oraybes 3 yrs ago with their streets all dirty and fallen down I said Why don't you whitewash like you used Waiting for the 3 prophets—we want them to fall down. Said why don't you come to settle among us and leave this to the Navajoes— Said they would come some time to the running water "Mahomoppy—so some come to meet us there last year—and now the President he's planning it They took the boys down and showed 'em. There says they when you come there we'll help you make a city. Light coloured? Only because they live more in their houses, less exposed to wind, etc Wash oh yes all over—soap their heads with soap root and washed suds all over it—come a rain stream out of town by dozens in the cold north wind to wash in the pools Have teachers go round with a pan earthen dish all kinds of food in it—separated by feathers—and thy're all fixed off hieroglyphics on white pants if can get if not on skin. Enter house throw out pinch of meal or dried peach <& talked about blessings of respecting the house> etc for five minutes or so then go to another. When they came to house where I was wanted we to take off[--] ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B32_F10_p008.jpg) imploring Gt. Spirit to pity or respect that familiy at certain time of the moon Wedding suit blanket—and a garment reaching from shoulder to knee and sash—wear it on wedding and retire with it on: it is then rolled away in a scroll like old fashioned window blinds like with little slats—and is hung up in room of that couple till they die and then are buried in it. Powell offered a splendid horse for one through me but they was offended and when I spoke a second time give me to understand they didn't want to hear no more of it. All white but women's has a few blue threads on edge Then they have another a very white blanket and if they've planted corn and the rain don't come the women put it on and go bending eyes shading facing east till great sunfather takes pity. I believe their feeling has something to do with it. They'll work & talk and pray and at last they begin to be pleased and say they think it'll come such a day and their most seldom disappointed Inst[---] New Year's Day—snowstorm such a day— idols in room—honey—blow out kind of clean out his mouth tobacco—sweet corn cakes best they can get out —work at that—snow next day—might as well stay work agst. that wh. faith strongest—festival going on but Rome remained working to bring it—snow began at ten lasted till it come knee deep—boys hived up under rock ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B32_F10_p009.jpg) Gov. of one petty town 700 or so Medicine Beth Rise of some—moquis— do no hurt for him to worship after the tribe worship Gov. & his wife he travelled with me Pan-a-shank Chief of the Navajo band who interfered to protect the party under J.H. he'd kneel and take off his hat when he asked a blessing forefathers told never to cross—He wanted to consecrate our crossing to great spir: because he had worshipped with us Geo A. Wa[--] his 20th year Consecrate by throwing a pinch of meal in the <1> air saying Some solemn words—on <3> land—and on <2> water— made me put out right hand wouldn't take left—he knelt towrd ris. sun—put out right hand— understood asked sunfather to pity us crossing this dangerous stream neither they nor women, nor horses nor Mormons might be hurt—river on left running West paced sunrise—wanted me to help him worship because the Lord was pleased to have all men friends—he thought so and what was my opinion Eh-ta-toweet what do you think he was very serious—asked if he wd bring down the young men. "Oribe" one of the Moquis names—we are called Mormons— they say "Hopee" that is moquis for our folks of the 22 towns but if one is bad they say he is Kah-opee not one of our folks—if a young women suffers herself to be disgraced they cut her hair off and won't let her attend the feasts until it grows long and then only according to her conduct. They wear their hair knotted up in a peculiar way and she Rowell He tried his best to get wood at one town they was having a religious ceremony. I sat up till 12 then they waked him. In the morning he tried to make them understand but had to wake me ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B32_F10_p010.jpg) J. Hamlin E D W.'s ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B32_F11_p001.jpg) Kanosh's civilised wife from Spanish Fork her story— Marriage & Courtship among the Snakes—Chickens— Met him first at Kirtland in Ohio in 36— Fulton—Watertown Jeff. Co: N.Y. lived in Burrville—taken very sick—For 3 mos Is yr. wife alive. bewitched—Over falls secret prayer my fathers house—old—Old man Dutches faithful man—said— news come that Mrs Fulton was healed—going to meeting—preached on gifts—great[-] I'll watch Ms F. see if she don't wilt going up that steep hill no sang I am happy soul & body—and if I wor[-] a whipped boy soul & body—and the says I—Lord this is your work, says I. —Joseph's revelation—my two sisters abominable poor. Iowa When they brought out her [---] they told them they [---] have any land Edo Rap[--]s [---] got to [---] middle of afternoon [---] of counselors [---] for out— Saw Beautiful Creek Sugar Creek <10-12 miles extra[-] and game at the time in sight, they exclaimed IOWA> Beautiful. I.O. Way (This is the Land (mas-DAD see po—Parent of waters. Syie posse house below Salt Lake House taken to go to for heads. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B32_F11_p002.jpg) Bro: Kane how it makes me feel. The Lord God & one true man is bigger than a [-]ost Speaking of the Pres: Mesr: he says that the fullness of the Time has come and the Gentiles reject the Gospel. Babylon must fall and the Gospel will turn to the Jews. In Far West in 1836. 4th of July. Jos: said D[--]mick get a tree let's show these Missourians how to celebrate the 4th. God an oak 72 ft long—had a celebration—about one hour after we got through lightning struck that pole & shivered it all into pieces. Went to Jos. & woke him for he was tired out. Opened his eyes & stretched out his left hand—I had my trials but I've got beyond them—no temptation comes to me to trouble Liberty Prk. 4th. of July Lets show them mormons how to keep this 4th. Got [---] oak 72 feet [---] a work and [---] a stead and white & [--] & thru [---] and in play. [---] [---] speaks and [---]. And the Mormons gathered around. Some before had seen such a celebration. "verily thus saith the Lord: by that [---] is showered so shal be their [---]" Then he worked on sp[---] As I wake [---] there splendors so will I walk of [-] ever there his [---] "now look at it." 10 years [--] intimate [--] my [---] with him might & day a s[---] with him. and her was always the same. nothing I ever [---] him he could not answer. always [-]ell of teaching & prophesy. Thats the way I came to have so much [-]lade clear to me. [---] Fording Aint it all of a piece? Don't it hold I am going to bring my [---]. I'm a Lady. one of J. S. wives Zina when king & Putman <(two sheriffs)> more after him. We ran—no sleep except on my feet for 21. days [--] Canyon [---] History morn [---] He on the north side of me [---] shone as if he was dead Then he s[--]d s[-]d dearly: D[---] will you be true to me? shaked & clothed &c &c. The dead has give me commandment to [---] Joseph," I an my innkeeper" the Lord has and it [---] [---] of it and kills me Says I will be true & you [---] and I [---] how to [---] ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B32_F11_p003.jpg) 2 After this I see he was worried—for two days. And I see it—for I knew his countenanse At length I said Bro. Joseph what is it? What's a worrying you? [---] Oh says he, Emma. I'll have her Eternally if I have to go to the bottom of Hell for her Eulogy of Emma Smith latest as night as the son in that woman only cant hear this which is the pillars of the gospel If they keep [-]are in but if they [---] themselves Dirty man in [---] [---] (Isaiah)—He's in Hell [-] or he wants to go out into the dirt and filth when he's at home. Gave my two sisters—& seated them to him, and he could not stand — About 3 years after [---] got a surp[---] of it and Joseph came to him and said: Father William. Have you heard any thing about this Celest[-] Marriage. and [---] [---] no I havent thought any thing about it, and he says Well don't concern yourself about it. W[---]er Smartest [---] natural man I ever saw never saw man so smart for business Nor so by a General. He was smarter than Joseph or Brigham For He had only natural talents, and no eddication In Piede Country Indians say God lived where all the inscriptions are went down to see them awful [---]m children, to trade off to the Spaniards [--]ey no. g[---] then get only bows & arrows Sent his men ahead: painted black—as if they would destroy me Then when they were—all terrified Then [---] Stop! he said they are going to give me some children, and the mothers tore their babies right from their breasts and laid them at [--]s feet to save [---] lives. [--] picked out 12 [---] to Cocom[---] [---] Ranch, Had a Spaniard with him— Boy on your Horses—to [---] Then they brought a [-]eef: then beever &c. When they got to ten they said them they saw 10 children. for these cattle you have eaten, we haint no horses. he gave us orders [--] & night nowhere before day—women [---] life women all went and children—and all me—remained—women took the captive children [---] Spaniards—dont mean to [-]ay he says he—they've only gone [---] the m[---] [---]y on your horses and I'll send for them. one day next [---] day Then he organized [---] & [---]. You to such a [---] and you to such a ranch 5 ranches. To [---] ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B32_F11_p004.jpg) 3. Wak-ker was a natural Astrologer. As we lay out side by side God of Love of War and so on—was the great sheep he'd point to the stars as [---] Dipper in the North—dipper in the south the [---] of [-] Sheep they [-]red the stars by natural intercouse but they fit so that the Lord thats Points he [---] them and [---] [--] asunder forever. Oh I love the Indians I love 'em for their integrity—their virtue I do: but I despise their filth—[some one else tell their name] 3 from p. 2 sec[---] go so got on to Desert the third Desert <(or large rush)> To keep or the Earth—That was called sanpete because they thought it was Saint Peter but it was San P[---] & [---] that [---]nt. front row road [---] Trail and the spaniards caught up with them at there t[--] Indians fought them. 10 or 12 Spaniards. The spaniards got back their horses, [---] two men but not them, they took to the chapparral where they had to follow their trail and couldn't go fast. So [---] never a thousand in a band of horses—they carried off Spaniards followed them so pushed. They telegraphed. Do you understand? On [---] peak. gr[--] rabbit bush: all by huff— One smoke hurry Nor smokes not to hurry—coming on slowly One smoke—nearly called them by pushing so hard: that is the women and children Kept them In 1850 Emigrants [---] such a hurry to get through to get the gold before any one else. 4 yokes of wagon—[---]..wagons [---] [---] yokes—flour bacon wakker buy purchance of us pack saddles and mens saddles adn any king of saddles put them in those horses and sell them to the emigrants 4 ponies [---] buy them all— G I was with him & he'd say when the trane was done Give new-in ba[-] 5 dollars new—un ba[-]—[---] new em bak chée Here follows a built his buny a natural astrologer—see Dipper above Pocatello pah vant chief Pocatello's range Goose Creek & Fort H[-]ll & Bannock Mountains told Wm Clayton to fit up the Maid of Iowa, and told me to take his family and not mine & split the Messrs. to Mouth of Red River in Texas & he would meet us there. That wasn't more than a week before he was killed. In 44: in '41 he told me about plural marriage: when he told Bro: Hyrum he wept like a baby. That were a pill for all of us <[---]>: "you ain't going to publish that? then I can talk straight ahead as if it was before my Father in Heaven." ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B32_F11_p005.jpg) realize the feelings of Mr [---] when he practiced his c[---] raising money, misty men of the Carthage G[---] I was the last of the prisoners — man jabbing with his gun she went of hell s[---]. F[---]y says I I'm whipped. She had [-]an[---] She had made a c[---] with the [---] that she would be a Latter Day Saint all her life [---] would cure her. We had a vision at H[---]er's [-]at I fixed up a little house us in the now, says she, cared of cause. I had my blacksmith's shop there, and one day [---] days I [---] that [---]. they ain't it there says she. No says I and you know it. Then she began to cry, and she told me, and I says Why in the hell ain't you [---]: You [---] want to borrow. Will you go I will says I, and I had a little bit of a shay and when the blacksmith came in I told him harness up the shay and I drove over to [---] Kane was, Just in Jefferson Co. next [---] I t[---] owned a horse and a little bit of a shay met up [--] [---] Father I'm going to be [--] baptized — all right They say [---] [-]ell right — Wrot to his Father. Was baptised and confirmed hat [-]lay [---] [---] full of [---] spirits — s[---] [---]. T amt yet bodies give childrens fits to [---] to [---] [--] they can fit a tabernacle The dead is in older spiret than Jesus our brother. Same they in every planet — Genl [-]au & his lady — [---] S[---] the first together the son of the morning Says his [---] says he [---] mine. But if he had, hed have had the glory, just the same. but he [---] know it. The spirits have their agency [--] the kind things. I learned from Joseph. Everything shall [---] Bed bugs — says I. them things yes but intent malise says he he Lion s all [--] down with the Lamb — thats in the Bible you know ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B32_F11_p006.jpg) Dear Elisha Ww ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B32_F11_p007.jpg) I asked after children: such as these I [---]: He answered.... so as to [-]lder[----] (The oldest [---]) man or woman mr mrs shrinlles ap. will look like 15 years old. Sister Kane: Is anything m[---]t [---] [--]y cr[--]l any thing mean in what 'I[-] said to you. Anything contrary to the Spirit of [--]n Lord & [---] J.C! If there's anything y're not the [--]ther for, let's [---]— I'or I cd. not have spoke the words of that I never meant ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B32_F11_p008.jpg) Look out for the tempter—Jesus was a-tempted just like other men, and he said Get thee &c Do you know Bro. Kane when you see an angel from either world, you can see a black halo round one and a white halo round the other. Oh, I've seen Jos: countenance just shine as white as a lamb How did you first learn In '47 worked at blacksmithing 5 months in the Old Fort—Brother Nyebour made some matches about in 20 wd. burn. I had not a bit of bread on my table—just meat & roots & milk & in that time wife bore child. Indians came in for knives etc ask name had no key-word then took bit of paper wife made candles stand at head of bed—wrote words learnt that day. Got em badly mixed at first owing to 3 brother Utes marrying Snakes & children talking mother tongue. 3 bro This mt. used to be Div. line. quarrel—killed a man at Spanish Fork and had to run. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B32_F11_p009.jpg) Regarding Jo. Smith Decr. 9/72 D.B.H. built the first shoe shop in Nauvoo. The first High Council ever held in N. was held there. I won't say more than that my family was poor—we was very poor. This in 1838 or 40 {Balls Sicilian leader of Brass Band. E P Dusett drummer {now in Dixie Balls splendid player of clarionet, horn etc {would blow his cheeks out below— {Englishman Golightly—now dead also. Balls played the Clarionet {during the serenade) and I was sick with ague. I had given him my two sisters then for wives. He came in: I was sitting before fire hdly round head, agur every day, was a pitiful looking sight Bro Jo says he "Dimick, what will thou of me? It shall be granted, if it is the half of my kingdom." Says I "I ask a favour of you Salvation for me & my family and my fathers house with you & your family and your fathers house in the celestial kingdom of our God". "In the name of Jesus Christ it shall be so." And I do believe that's ben the anchor that's kept me straight, for my troubles has been so hard that its been difficult." Snake most nasal, Ute more gutteral. Navajo all guttural. "khatz puckage carrai"_"no hole in your head to hear"— hold up finger first then poke your finger in her ear, and shake it, then cover head over with hand. anything we brought with us that they had no name for they put nump to—clock they call tabby nump—sun-thing a pin is a baby—ramood To watz scury-nump. The thing spoken of is the first thing expressed Fire make Water drink—we would say the Mormon that killed the Indian—they—Indian Mormon killed ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B32_F11_p010.jpg) ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B32_F11_p011.jpg) Tah watz. [-]od To watz in Signs Deer two horns above the ears. both horns. [-]ine two for[-] [--]yers—a but horns turned in (like buffalo.) Horse Two fingers up his ears. two fingers artra[---]le Cavajo Spanish [---]ns just up to elbows—expression to Q[---]fy power. First horse he ever saw (w[-]h ker) [--] [--] her father [---]ht of Sp. came an[--]—t[-]w it up and kept it for the childrento look up until it st[---]d Po[--] of what fingers [-]ets finger (strippedness) Ground squirrels follow in spring or just [-]ut in [---] m[-]tn out clearing minnows the same. clean out the fire hole—have thi[-] in guts feathers & everything This finger pushes up as fast as they [-]eed Crew fought me—nert[---] me prisoner—but they have passsed me I pray[-] [--]n Tab[-] sick—Piece of Red Utah size w/ that. Baptiste old Indian [---]ful medisine—one of fewer can are the hundred balls they call them. [-]y as ounce balls. In spring San Pete Valley. not h[---] Walker says we'll lay by.Put boy on horse.— manAbout 40 miles from 2 to dark time twobrought. the[-] Baptists & no Doctors—Nor voice To Tahuna When Baptists—swallowed that piece of Utah the m[---]. Tahuna lie on his mart [--]ent himself—how he sweat ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B32_F12_p001.JPG) Argument Tone Sadness — profound pity Argument That with an infinitely lower ideal than ours their faith being intense they display it in a better life than ours. When those who have embraced the Mormon belief die; those who have [--] suffered and thought and their places are taken by those who have been born and brought up according to Mormon tenets just as the nominal Christians with us have been brought up—then they will fall below us—because their standard is a lower one. In short—a lower standard fully lived up to appeared better than a higher one to which only a nominal adherence is given. why a Presbyterian feels with the Mormons They have revived the Old Testament, and in its majestic heroes and scenery were so freshly brought to my mind. "taken hold of the promises" and "Zion" is once more dear to a people who have found themselves and their country depicted in the noblest colours by those "minor prophets" whom we contemptuously shun in our reading. While the Mormons live their simple patriarchal life they are not forced to preserve their own self respect by ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B32_F12_p002.JPG) A year ago I knew nothing of the Mormons but the fact that the man with whom I had known intimately for 20 years and whose life I knew to be without spot or blemish had been their steadfast and consistent friend for a still longer time. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B32_F12_p003.JPG) by pretending to give other than a literal meaning to the Bible teachings. Those who are making the wilderness blossom as the rose,—who are living the life of David of the Maccabees—of the mother of the seven— who are "living their religion" are not troubled with doubts. But we whose life of luxury from dawn to midnight runs counter to some precept of our Saviour's every hour who are we are troubled with doubts whether God is not as hypocritical as we are To too many Christ is dead because we are dead in trespassers and sins He lived while we believed while we believed on earth he went And open stood the door Men called from chamber church & tent And Christ was by to save Now He is dead, Farhence he lies In that lom Syrian town And on his grave with shining eyes The Syrian stars look down. Why should we join to persecute the Mormons when as time rolls on the World the Flesh & the Devil. Great Allies these for a Christian people: fearful foes for the Mormons, and foes who will one day sap their citadel, as God help us, they have long ago undermined ours. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B32_F13_p001.JPG) Mrs Meary told how she had come out among the earliest to Salt Lake, and spoke of the way in which they had husbanded their grain. She had worn out five veils in sifting the coarse flour that came from their rude mill. At first they had set aside what would not sift, but they had been finally glad to eat it ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B32_F13_p002.JPG) Notes of Interview of T.L. Kwith Kanosh Chief of the Pah-Vant-Utes We had scarcely arrived at Mr. King's house at Fillmore before we saw some Indians, who, presently entering proved to be Kanosh and his braves. There was something prepossessing in the appearance of Kanosh and his young- -er brother Hang-a-tah, the "Red Blanket" but I cannot say as much for their friends. Kanosh says he is forty and eight, but, judging from his white mustache, looks older. His eye is very bright, and he has the intelligent look of a white man. We had three or four interviews with him: for we did not understand that the President in the present disturbed condition of Indian affairs did not think it wise to hear his complaints: so Kanosh came to have a formal interview with his interpreter in the evening after our informal ones were over. Before that, we contrived with the aid of D.B. Huntingdon's little "Ute Phrase-Book" to ask him questions. He understands English, and can speak it a little. [The following note is written in pencil in the upper righthand corner] Our acquaintance of 1858. Came to be [---] for the decay of his Tribe no to complain of to ask if any gifts or annuities were allotted him by government—if or whether he was cheated out of them by the [--] S. agents.—and to complain emplore that he might not be deported to the Uintah mountain Reservation. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B32_F13_p003.JPG) He thus told us that he had had ten children six boys and four girls, reckoning them up by name— including "Steptoe". "Steptoe" was one who was a little fellow at his father's knee when Steptoe was here. The Colonel asked his name, and on being told that he had none, bade them Kanosh call him "Steptoe". All are dead now, dying as they reached eleven or twelve years of age. His band, which was 10 years ago, contains now, he said, only "fifteen and eight— no hundred." But as he held up his hands five times, and then held up eight fingers we saw he meant 58, and this number is that of his men . He seemed very sad about the dying out of his tribe. It is death by disease, not battle. "All sick" he said "no shoot. My brother sick four days, sick all over, no stand." This was a young brother who died. Hang-a-tah a handsome, aquiline featured Indian of 36, caught coughed dismally every now and then, and, drawing ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B32_F13_p004.JPG) his red blanket round him, sat sleeping over against the fire, his head bent, but not resting on the chair back in an attitude that was extremely graceful. <[---] his chest—There was no [---] of telling him, he had [---] in little trays> Kanosh was extremely anxious to impress upon K. his distrust of Dodge; the Indian agent, and his resolution not to be forced to go to the Reservation at Uintah. In the evening he came again with his interpreter. Mrs Lucy Young, little Rhoda and Mrs Empy had come to call on me; K. had asked Mr. Staines to be present, and one or two men of the village had dropped in. Kanosh and some of his braves occupied chairs in the ring, others sat on the floor. Kanosh wore a nice blanket great coat—white flannel with a black border and brass buttons—a dark uniform coat also with brass buttons scoured very bright—buckskin leggings and moccasins. He wore an ordinary black felt hat. The rest of them wore Indian costume—one had a turkey feather at the back of his hat and stored ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B32_F13_p005.JPG) Harry Hulings Titchforth ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B32_F13_p006.JPG) at us like some newly caught, but unscared wild beast. Another evidently thought himself a great buck. He wore a red flannel shirt over his buckskins and had various ornamental tags and buttons attached. This fellow kept stretching his legs and admiring them alternately, yawning to show his white teeth, affecting to go to sleep and awake with a start—all in order to attract the attention of the white squaws. Just beside him sat a very ugly one indeed who regarded him with silent contempt, confident in the supe- -rior attractiveness of his own person. And he was right. None of us could keep our eyes off his head ornaments . His frowsy hair was parted down the centre and along the parting was fas -tened a strip of leather decorated with such tin studs as are worn on horse's head stalls for orna -ment. His This one's role was that of the cynic. He did ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B32_F13_p007.JPG) not glance towards us once, until except just as he was leaving, and then his eye was caught as he loftily passed us in review by his own image in the glass. His indifferent air disappeared at once, and he advanced to it with amusingly uncon- -cealed admiration, posturing before it until the last of his companions left the room. Kanosh's formal talk would probably have been turned into a dignified oration by History. The literal translation I took down as follows, in the rude language of a Mormon interpreter delivered with solemn pauses — "Glad to see you here: didn't know you was a-coming. You see me — as I am now I have always been: what I will say to you is the same as I have said these to all the Superintendents and Agents. I like these folks: want to stay in this country: I like to see fathers from Washington, but want all to talk same way — some talk one way, but some don't: want all to talk with one tongue same as I do. I like to live so I and my young men and families can lay down in peace to sleep: as regards me 'Mericans may sleep here in peace, but I ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B32_F13_p008.JPG) hear Grant doesn't like me, and wants to send and cut Bigham's throat: is it so?" He Nods his head gravely in answer to K's explanatory denial, and continues. "You are a stranger, I like to hear man talk like you: next time you come want you to talk the same way; not with two tongues and two voices. This land we all live on is the home of me and my men: the houses and improvements Merri- -kins have made. What are the Merrikins hunting for: what have they lost: is the land the Mormons' the Pi-utes, the Navajoes' the Spanish's ? No: God's." Pointing to the sticks beneath the stove, he said "God made the fire and the sticks and everything for us and for you: for all good men. I like to see all men live in peace and en- -joy this country: but I won't go to Uintah: Grant can send the Utes and Shoshone's there if he wants to. I ain't eaten none of his Grant's potatoes nor flour: all the gifts I had have been from the Bishops here: flour and beef ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B32_F13_p009.JPG) and seed potatoes: my young men planted my potatoes. Head and Tourtelot were good men: free-handed; but for the last two years I have not had my gifts. You see my boys here: just like the rest of my band: would like you to make good report of us to Grant. I hear Grant's mad: wants to poke us off to Uintah with guns: understand Grant's mad because Brigham's got five wives: Indians got two: Mericans don't want but one: we don't get mad: don't let him get mad, and we won't. That's about all I have to say: what have you to say?" [K. had to say, per interpreter, that he was American, not Mormon: had one wife but four wounds: was going South to heal them: when he went home would take Kanosh's message: there are good and bad Americans: when he gets back ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B32_F13_p00I.JPG) Notes of Kanosh's interview with K. Taken at Fillmore Dec 17. 1872 Keep, being genuine ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B32_F13_p010.JPG) he will tell these good ones: am glad to hear that Kanosh is good and has behaved well: have left with Bishop money to buy him 600 lbs of Beef, some tobacco and powder." Here Kanosh, who understands enough English to tell when he is faithfully interpreted, gave a low laugh of pleasure and echoed "powder: with balls?" The interview ended with this. Kanosh came again in the morning and mustering his English dictated to me a statement, which I took down in my little pocket book. He signed it after having made three people read it to him to be sure I was not cheating him. "One snow time since I got blankets: no flour, no beef but a little last spring: no flour, no wheat, no oats: no corn: no bullets; no see nothing but Dodge: talk heap talk: weins pesharony, katz yak— good talk but no give." Kanosh mark Fillmore Dec 17/72 Kanosh has not been required to move to Uintah, his band being already on a reservation. In the spring we saw him again. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B32_F13_p011.JPG) Kanosh's Remains Fillmore Decr. 16/72 Glad to see you here—didn't know you was a-coming You see him—as he is now has always been—what he will say to you is same as he has said to Supts Agents—will say to you says don't know as he has any cause to think different from what has thought 20 years—has liked people—wants to stay in this country—likes to see fathers from Wm but wants all to talk same way some talk one way but some don't wants all to talk one way same as he does— says likes to live so he his men & families can lay down in peace to sleep—as regards him Mericius may sleep here in peace but learns Grant doesn't like him & wants to send & cut President's throat—says you're a stranger and next time he sees you wants you to talk as you do now—not with two tongues and two voices— says this land here we all live on is the homes of him & his men— the houses & improvements the people 'Mericans have made. What are the Mericans hunting for what have they lost is it the Mormons the Piutes the Navajoes the Spanish land no God's—God made the fire and the sticks and all for good men to enjoy— says—likes to see all classes live in peace in this country if they want to but he won't go to Uintah—Grant can send the Utes & Shoshone's there if he likes—he aint eat none of Grants potatoes nor flour nor beef—what he's had has come from the Bishop here flour & beef & potatoes—my young men have put in seed crops Cols Head and Tourtelot were good & liberal but for the last ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B32_F13_p012.JPG) two years he hasn't had things Says you can see his boys here just like rest of tribe you can hear them talk would like to have a favorable report at Wn but understands Grants mad and wants to poke him off to Uintah with guns —understands Grant's mad because Brigham's got 5 wives, Indians got 2 — mericans don't want but one we don't get mad, don't let him get mad and we work says thought & studied if forced to leave where they'd go — if Brigh has to leave he & the Utes & Pi-utes [---] all follow — and then perhaps they'd be sent off again — says that's about all he has to say what have you got to say Kane American Katz mormon — but come to get well was Chief in War — one wife but four wounds and come with one wife to see if can get wounds well but when I get well come up from South soon will take a message Am very much ashamed to see how good mormons have been & how bad Americans — that there are good Americans when go back will tell these good ones — am glad to hear how g[--]d he has been — to cattle etc have left with Bishop money to buy 600 lb beef, tobacco etc and I thank him [The following is written upside down on page] What does mean in English Kanosh has had ten children six boys 4 girls all dead Kanosh says he is 48 49[-] spring His brother Hang a [-]ak is 36 Baptiste ½ brother, to Wakku. Tabby—una is Wakker's brothers in-law. Tabby was his brother -in-law ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B32_F13_p013.JPG) katz Washington Tell him I like says Kanosh to hear a man talk like him. Colonel Kane will give you the beef, ammunition & tobacco either to you alone or to all Yes that's what I always do says he aint dog nor wolf nor his men aint there are some bad Indians—he thinks you are a gentleman and the captain in Washington—but there are some bad Americans just as bad as bad Indians. Kane Have known Mormons 20 years have always found them good and truthful Kanosh says—some question about ammunition Kanosh wore coat of white blanket with black border brass buttons and uniform coat with ditto—scoured very bright felt hat leggings & moccasins—White moustache— His brother coat under handsome Navajo blankets Another red shirt conspicuously displayed, fringed buckskins great buck in his own eyes—white teeth, and constant display of himself Another painted red—with a strip of leather down parting of hair adorned with large tin covers of nail heads— another hat with turkey feather Others rolled in blankets—Remarkable stage strut other notes in black pkt book ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B32_F14_p001.JPG) Section from S[---] Pass going South via Kanab V. Variegated and [---] Chalk with flints 40 a 100 a mottled Limestone pink & white & pink & buff I. c) [---] ground white S S. used as 4 feet 150 b building stone — fire proof 10 feet on Kanab Co. 100 c d. Limestone, bluish gray gives a good white Lime 30 d e Gray white S S pine graved 500 e pretty firm presents handsome cliffs f Dark Chocolate SS 800 f g Gray SS mtd bands of at foot of this Chocolate 50 a 100 g Conglomerate on top of G. the selected trucks h "clay" hills or ridges, bluish and 30 a 40 h varigated. (i) a brown SS. J The Brick Red SS of S. George According to Mr J W Young Feb. 14/73 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B32_F14_p002.JPG) M[-] Geolog. Secn. Showing where the coal shd be looked for. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B32_F15_p001.JPG) Monday Decr. 2. 1892 This morning I had a visit from D. B. Huntingdon, an old Indian inter- -preter of 64, who has spent 25 years among the Indians. K. had made an appointment with him and he came expressly to talk for me. But he was full of a grievance which he came hoping Tom would abate, and he was unable to quit the topic of the enormities of the Indian Agent, Dodge, for some time. B And as he talked for two hours, I shall not endeavour to follow him, but to put down the scraps that I remember best, because they impressed me most. I had asked him whether it was because he found himself more easily able than other men to pick up the dialects that he became an Interpreter. His answer began a long way off — "I was City Marshal at Nauvoo, when we had that trouble about the newspaper press. It abused Joseph and was full of slander and lies, and the Council met and voted that it was a nuisance and ought to be abated. I was ordered to do so, and ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B32_F15_p002a.JPG) Correction — a drizzling rain was falling, and there worn't but very few people at the ferry. I began "Br !" But he put his hand to his mouth, and so I held up. I rode slowly off, and he followed on till we got out of sight ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B32_F15_p010.JPG) there is so much expressed by a quick yet quiet move- -ment of the hand that I cannot attempt to report here correctly. When he said that the Indians disbelieved the Indian Agent, he moved his head uttering the sound "Hegh-egh!" and gave his hand a half wave on either side his mouth that portrayed the flicker of a snake's tongue. "Good Talk" he says the Indians name him, and that, simple and child like as the squaws are they read countenances ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B32_F16_p001.JPG) (Porter Rockwell) my father wrote considerable for Joseph: they was wrote (the proofs) in several handwritings— came by driblets—from the first the MS Mart. Har. lost I were at Jos' fathers when Mart. came from on the Susquehanna & he couldn't keep from showin' & readin' it & his wife she stole it. Jos. got uneasy & when Mart. came up & he found it was stolen I never see a man feel worse: he'd walk up & down room 'n cry: could hardly be reconciled Father & Mother were sincere converts & Hyrum when he understood the thing he worked right in I was in when Alvah died: bein' dead Jos went alone when he took out the box there was so many more nice things that he felt kind o'tempted and fell to gettin' them out and set the box aside—and when he should have got it—it was sent from him for that time worked 3 years with the Smith boys right along and I see everything & there was nothin' wrong if anythin interestin I knew I could find it out quicker by goin' smoothly along than by gaupin round askin' question Right in among em before the translatin of Bk Mormon & ever since. I wouldn't give a cent for ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B32_F16_p002.JPG) against evening. " Then they would talk till daylight about the plates. They didn't know but they thought when they was translated they could work them up into money. Ground in section was full of treasure of some kind Bk of Mormon refers to their hiding up their treasure after the last great battle. Take up a little rod (like the tongs) and drive down 1000 12 feet you'd strike it - and then when you dug down 'twant there, and when you'd got up there you'd strike it again six inches from the surface. I've dug for months myself, I was a small shaver — but I'd dig ten or 12 feet — till it'd get away from me: then to hear the old people talk at night. They dug mostly at night was ashamed to let people see afraid of being laughed at. I never heard of anybody getting anything before Bk Mormon was found but was supposed to be Kidd's money: I knew couldn't be that timbered country J.S at 16, nice young man, coarse big featured - not a thing on earth against him: was to school with him, always travelled back & forth alone Spaulding? No truth not a shade. I was right along where I could listen: heard his father & mother — never heard a word of S. I carried the proofs every Saturday to Oliver Cowdery in Palmyra - back to Father Smith every Monday ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B32_F16_p003.JPG) Alvan died who was to have gone with him to look for the Bk of Mormon The old lady & Mother was always very intimate had dreams together couldn't tell about what liked to talk em over. Saturdays the old lady would come down & the old gentleman in the evening. We was poor in them days could jest Vice Pres: Penna RR scratch along. Mother'd say President International Steamship Co. Allow me to introduce to you Mr. William C. Staines of S.L.C, as a gentleman [whom I have known thoroughly for many years who desires to make an arrangement for the transpor tation of passengers by the International Steamship Company. I have known Mr. S. for many years have had opportunity afforded me of testing his integrity and business capacity. He is statements of fact may be relied upon. My dear Capt Green If this is handed you by Mr. Wm. C Staines it will introduce to you one of my most valued Utah friends He is in the best sense of the word, a gentleman: his word is to be relied on as such; and while I have written him a letter for form's sake to Mr. Lombaert I will ask you to give him the right introduction to the right man for despatch his business. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B32_F16_p004.JPG) There aint nothing as would turn me from believing what I know Jos: was always serious I believed every word of the visions from the start most men put in something of their own ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B32_F17_p001.jpg) My Experience of Twelve Utah Homes. Visited in Succession - City Upon a journey from Salt Lake to Arizona Last Winter. The Mormon President etc The last was at Provo — notes [---] Salt Lake Arcadia or Pandemonium — Which ? ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B32_F17_p002.jpg) Steaming pond - bottomless springs - tobacco - (1) To Nephi ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B32_F17_p004.jpg) mahogany bureau, and a washstand, a rocking chair and some plain wooden chairs, a large chest on which the mistress's name was painted (oddly enough it was the same as that of the notorious "blonde" leader of a shameless troupe): The small table was already spread for our supper with cake preserves and pies, and the fair Lydia was busily engaged in bringing in hot rolls, meat, tea and other good things, and a smal miniature of herself, still fairer and rosier, and about two years old, trotted beside her; now endeavoring to re-ar- -range the table by upsetting plates, and now making shy overtures of friendship to my boys with the assistance of the blue-ribboned kitten. After our tea was over, the husband - Bishop came in from his other house and with wife and baby withdrew to go to "meeting" leaving us ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B32_F17_p005.jpg) I fancy in sole possession of the house, for we heard no sound until next morning, when our host came in to rouse up the slumberin smouldering fire. The next time I visited Scipio was just at the breaking up of winter. Snow lay deep on the heights and in the narrow cañons, but Round Valley was an almost impassable quagmire of half frozen mud. We were heartily tired of our journey before the carriage halted before in front of Bishop Thompson's. Our pretty hostess was sick, but we were received in the house of the first wife. The door of one of the two large rooms of which the house consisted was opened to admit us, by a slender, elegantly dressed young lady. "Mrs Thompson?" I asked. "No," said she, laughing and blushing, "I am only a guest like yourself. Mrs Thompson will be here in a moment: 'Sister' Lydia is sick, and she thought some bis- -cuits she had been baking would tempt her appetite, so she ran across with them. Here she is!" Mrs Thompson looked like an ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B32_F17_p006.jpg) elder sister of Mrs Lydia's, but was no relation. She <2 but> seemed not in the least disconcerted by the addition to our household of our fellow-guest, her husband and baby, although she had to entertain also Mr. Staines and young Kimball, and She had a large family of children. My husband now came in with Mr. Joseph A. Young and his brother Mahonri, who had joined us at Cove Creek Fort the day before; and the taking a wee baby from the arms of the lady who had opened the door, and whom he introduced as his wife, he presented the infant to K. as his name- -sake. They had come across from the San Pete country to see us, and the baby was taking its first journey in the open air. It was a bright lively little thing, and lay (<2>basking)(<1>on my lap) in the warmth of the fire, as we elders sat talking, while Mrs Thompson prepared the supper. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B32_F17_p007.jpg) She had a young girl to help her, but more than all she had "faculty", and her meals were served with as much heat in them, and coolness in herself as if she had not both rooms overflowing with guests and children. When I recollected how many bowls and pans and plates. and I use when I make cake ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B32_F17_p008.jpg) and what a mess of sticky things I leave the cook to wash up, I could not but express my wonder at her neat tidiness. She came in after her tea- -things were washed up, and sat beside me with her knitting. She laughed at my praising her, saying that it was no wonder - she had had a girl to help her these three weeks, - but that she never found the children in her way; they were a help. And so they were, the little eldest unrobing the younger ones for bed, or waiting on the table without needing directions. They were well-trained as well as healthy rosy children, and a little thing who could scarcely speak plainly sat on my knee and carolled like a lark: " Up in the morning early," and "Put me in my little bed" ; a still younger baby nodding an accompaniment with quite a good notion of the measure. This lady had grown up in the ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B32_F17_p009.jpg) Mormon faith, our friend S. told me. Her mother died during the exodus, and she, then a very young girl, had reared up her younger brothers and sisters and managed her father's — "wagon-hold" — I suppose one would call it, without aid from any one. Indeed, she continued her father's right hand until her marriage; and Perhaps the rigorous training of circumstances in her youth made her consider, what I thought such hard work, easy, in her own home, working for her own children and her pleasant faced husband. Ought I to despise that woman? She cer- -tainly came up to Solomon's ideal of a virtuous wife. You would not have despised her if you had felt the difference between her household and that of another woman at whose house I halted, afterwards by chance. been. Segars> Upon this ones bow roof there lay old ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B32_F17_p010.jpg) boots and shoes and other rubbish giving outward token of what was inside. Entering I found that the dirt-begrimed window prevented the household from needing a curtain, and the smoke-blackened logs of wall and ceiling were in keeping with the frowsy bed and tattered hangings. There was a very pretty baby here, too, which lay in its cradle and looked at me in silent wonder. The mother did no more; she never offered me a seat, nor the draught of water I had to ask for, and help myself to; merely remarking that she "hadn't no kind of a place for folks to come into, and Her girl had left the place three weeks ago, and she warn't going to stay among the Mormons if she could git Mr __. to quit and go among Christian folks." She supposed of course that she was rude to a Mormon in me, but and I confess that I did not claim her as a Christian sister ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B32_F17_p011.jpg) put up for us. So good and so abundant were they that we feasted on them for several days after, in spite of subsequent lunches provided by other kindly hosts, less gifted with appetising instincts in cookery. On leaving Nephi ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B32_F17_p012.jpg) Mr. L. Young's Story In early days settled in fort—wife sick a/c of miasma so wished to build on Lot where Lion House in Council obj. a/c Indians but I overruled Mr Jns. Smith in Council said understand do it at own risk But built house—Indians came to beg—one troublesome Mrs Y. Timovso[-] so got large dog I to cañon biscuit 4 oz flour [-]ige take him of all the screaming & scrabbling se[-]t and cried—threw down bow & arrows took pity washed with warm water 8 months only house outside the fort—winter of '47 & '48 His name was Harriet Page Wheeler first husband Isaac Decker—Two of her daughters His son John at 10 was sent back by Pioneers on the Platte alone to get a strayed mule Couldn't find it. 4 Indians started out of brush after him 12 miles from Camp his mule throwed up her head & started for camp followed him clear to camp. Now lives at Kanab Trade with Navajoes ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B32_F17_p013.jpg) Dec. 2. 1872 This afternoon "sister Young came to visit us and to take me a drive. She was very much flurried, and the slight fever that comes on, she says, every afternoon, had given her quite a colour. The carriage was the same in which we were driven from the stations, dis- -playing on the coat of arms a beehive, with a lion for a crest. Mrs Young had a secretary of the President's with her, who came to the carriage door to take her orders. She desired to go up first to her house to get her married daughter, but she spoke so low that he did not understand her, and mounting the box, we drove off he evidently directing the coachman to take us through the town. Mrs Y. made two ineffectual efforts to put her head out, and give her orders, but each time her courage failed, and she sank back. "Shall I tell him where you wish to go, Mrs. Y.?" "Oh no, my dear, no: I daresay he knows best!" Then we drove solemnly on, up one street and down another, and she looked helplessly out of the window as if she would give worlds to make her escape. When I spoke of the changes since her arrival, and asked when she came ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B32_F17_p014.jpg) out, she could not at first tell me, and then confessed that her nerves were so shattered that it was difficult to collect her ideas. We did not have much that was worth recollecting to say, and yet perhaps it is unusual to get so much frankness from "historical personages" during first interviews as I have in my two drives with Mrs Grant and Mrs Young. She touched on Polygamy herself. Passing a white house she said, "That is my daughter's, Mrs Thatcher's." "Oh yes," I answered inadvertently, "She called on me last evening." Sister Young drew herself up; unconsciously, for there is not a particle of affectation about her, and said, "No, that was one of the second family. My daughter is Mr. Thatcher's first wife." We were both silent for a little while after this blunder of mine. Then she turned to me with a little half-smile "You know, my dear, gentlemen here have more than one wife." A pause. "I suppose it looks very strange to you, but it is according to the Bible order of ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B32_F17_p015.jpg) things." "Yes," I said "I have often read of it in the Old Testament." "You don't like it, my dear, do you?" "No," I answered as bravely as I dared. "No, but I am per- -haps more prejudiced than others. I had a stepmother who did not love us, and I cannot imagine a home happy where there are two mothers." "They are not always thrown much together," replied she "but a good woman will always be a good woman, whether she is first or second or third or fourth." "I could never be good enough" I exclaimed, to be willing to share my husband's affection with any one else." "It is very hard," she admitted, but strength is given to us; it is like the sacrifice Abraham was called on to make of Isaac." "Called on," I said, "but the sacrifice was not exacted of him." She smiled and sighed, and the conversation dropped. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B32_F17_p016.jpg) Speaking of the foundations which I saw outside the Lion House enclosure for a very large house she said, "It was for me. My husband meant to build it for me, but his late absences - and things - seem to have frustrated his intention. He has a young wife to whom he is very devoted now." A long pause and I don't know why the young wife came in - whether the new house was to be finished for her, or whether her husband's devotion to the new wife, explained the next sentence " He thinks it better for the young to be kept up on the hill" (young children I supposed.) "but he is quite willing I should have my abode elsewhere, but I cling to the old house. I was nine years in the Bee Hive House but I am too old now for cares and trouble. I would rather stay." She spoke of our going to the South as an assured thing so I suppose He has made up his mind. I had a visit on Monday evening, after my return from our drive, from Hosea Stout's wife. She came ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B32_F17_p017.jpg) Continues Sister Y's visit of Decr 5 2. sent to H a K Dec 4/72 with him, and while K. was talking with him. she talked quite freely with me. She was a lank sallow, hoopless individual, with the usual American countrywoman's one ornament a set of glittering false teeth, but having preserved a sweet though melancholy expression, and a pair of kind eyes. She was 25 years younger than her husband, and though a grandmother was nursing her seventh child — her husband's nineteenth. She dropped incidentally such odd allusions to the queer complications of relation among their people. A Mrs Burton's funeral had passed in the morning. I said that I understood she had died with her first child. "It was very sad," Mrs Stout said, "she and her husband were so very young. They were engaged when she was thirteen and married as soon as her parents could permit it when she was sixteen." "The baby died, I suppose?" "No, it is a fine healthy child. Her mother will rear it." "Then it will have the very next thing to a mother's love." ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B32_F17_p018.jpg) "Yes, it will be well cared for. Her father has two wives and the other one had a baby the day she did, and has promised to nuss it, and so it will have plenty of care." She resumed "Of all the forlorn creatures I think a man that has lost a wife is the forlornest. He don't know what to do for himself, nor for the children. Mr. Stout has had three or four bereavements since we were married! He had lost one wife just before I married him. She left four children, and I thought I never could love children of my own more. But I found there was quite a new, different love for them. He has a wife now, named Sarah, who is childless, and she is so fond of my baby that he loves her as much as he does me: all the difference is he calls me Mamma, and her "Sate". She says he is like her own, but I say she would soon find out the difference." ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B32_F17_p019.jpg) Is learning to be the test? I met one Bostonian lady, whose face was like that of 's Mater Dolorosa, and whose long residence in Spanish California had given her a grace of movement one seldom sees at the Boston. This lady could talk in that high- flown Emersonian way dear to Bostonians with an ease of manner and propriety of diction that would have enabled her to pass muster in our best educated city. I confessed that I prefferred to converse with her on more practical matters, such as the government of the Indian peons on the large ranche she had owned, and the culture of the vineyards and orchards. She, by the way, has relinquished all this for her faith, and when I saw her wore a calico gown, and toiled in a little one story ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B32_F17_p020.jpg) Have omitted Introduction — description of Provo adobe villas curling of Young's hair and reason for not describing member of his family — also page about Indian treatment of squaws, etc. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B32_F17_p021.jpg) 1 3 as he was [---] my Painted [---] [---] Brigham Young President of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints makes an annual journey of [--] south visiting all the settlements of his people [---] the Great Salt Lake to the [---] Border. Last winter my husband , too of our children and I wo[-] [--] We accompanied President Brigham Young is accustomed to make on his annual journey South, visiting all the settlements down to the Arizona line on the main route. his party [---] and I am [---] I am & more suff[---] accompany her> Another tier of more recently settlements Ear[-] forms the new frontier, and those I visited deem themselves safe from hostile Indians incursions. The newer settlements East , under the care of Joseph A. Young, the eldest son of Brigham, are going through the same experience that has been passed through by Provo, Nephi and the now flourishing villages South of them. We left Salt Lake City on early one December morning, when the stars were still shining, in the frosty dawn. At the depot a host of people were assembled to see the party off, and q a number of them filled the special car on the Utah Southern RR. in which we made the first stage ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B32_F17_p022.jpg) of our journey. We travelled down Salt Lake City Valley while the mountains on our left were still in shadow, but the golden sunrise was pouring over the tops of those on our right, and gradually sinking slanting downwards to the plain. The snow had melted from all but the highest summits, and some of these were only veined with it in their ravines. Stepping to the rear of the car to look at a trestle-work that was very long and very high for timberless Utah, we caught a beau- -tiful glimpse of the plain, the city we had left nestling at the mountain foot, the blue Salt Lake and Antelope Island <(a)> dreamlike in the morning haze. A busy scene at Sandy Station interrupted the silent panorama, and we halted to visit the Smelting Works of an English Company, run by Germans. It had only been in operation a fortnight ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B32_F17_p023.jpg) (a) As a general they the Utah landscaped wants atmosphere The drawing is hard: the contrasts of light & shadow are excessive lights and shadows too abruptly contrasted: they look too much like colored photographs: but this morning &c [---] & haze soft & stately ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B32_F17_p024.jpg) but the foreman was in great delight over the purity of the resulting lead , there being only 2 put of silver to the ton of lead. It was <[---]> as pure he said as that of the Swansea Works, and purer than any German. We arrived just in time to see the boiling metal run from one caldron to another. To my surprise it was as clear as alco- <[---] me with the black cl[---]> -hol. My boys could hardly bear to leave the works, but our time was up, and we resumed our seats in the train. Mine was beside a sweet looking elderly lady, formerly one of Joseph Smith's wives, though now married to a leading Mormon. She and her widowed sister were to leave us at the next station where they were to attend a meeting of their Relief Society. She spoke of Poly- -gamy to me, and while admitting the "strange- -ness I must see in it, told me that to her it had long been known as Revelation, "Brother Joseph" had re- ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B32_F17_p025.jpg) -vealed it to her thirty six years ago, and "She had proved its wisdom since. [She could conscientious- -ly say that her husband's other wives were to her as dear Sisters.] and the like. I learned this woman had been on of Smith's own wives though afterwards [---] after his death to another prominent message of the sort I made a mental note: "But you look as if you had an unusually sweet temper!" Only A few minutes ride from Sandy brought us opposite the gorge of the Little Cottonwood. I could not believe that the wild desolate looking ravine held the Emma Mine of which I had heard so much, and that thous- -ands of men were busy in its recesses. Opposite, across the sunny Jordan Valley 12 or 15 miles distant though scarcely seeming three miles off in that clear atmosphere, we saw Bingham Canon another noted mining region; and a little distance down the line clouds of smoke poured from the ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B32_F17_p026.jpg) Chimneys of another smelting works. So far we were fully in "Gentile" country. The Mor- -mons discourages mining among their people, although a great many of the richer men are interested in the mines, and a still larger numbers of the younger and poorer go "teaming" especially to Pioche, across the Nevada border. The Saints recognise that they are not all perfect yet! At Lehi we left the train. It was not a particularly attractive looking place; but then to be sure, I want no further than the depot where a crowd of stages, carriages, baggage waggons and hurrying men intercepted the view . As I sat warming myself at the ticket-office stove, the lady- -like young lady Chief from the Salt Lake Office, with her dress neatly looped over her Balmoral, tripped up to the table where (<2>sat) <1>the Lehi telegraph clerk ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B32_F17_p027.jpg) I strolled out on the platform afterwards to find President Young preparing for the journey as he did every morning afterwards by a personal inspection of every wheel, harness, axle, harness horse and mule that belonged to the party. He carried an odd many sided staff , carved engraved all over with the lines and figures of many measures, with which he pointed like a runic staff, but with no more magic in it than was daily useful, for the lines and figures were those of the various measures; and with this staff he rapped on iron sounded wood, and pointed out-buckles that wanted lightening in a comfortable suggestive tone of voice that had nothing of the auto- -crat about it. [Most of the page is crossed out] ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B32_F17_p029.jpg) He was peering like a well intentioned wizard into every nook and cranny poking his many sided staff which is adorned with and after an effusive greeting, both subsided into business, and The Lehi office was thoroughly in- -spected; satisfactorily as it appeared from the tones of both ladies. This is one of the odd things about the Mormons. Thousands of years back in some of their ways their women are advanced to an extreme of political and socio business equality that has not yet been reached by any of our 19th. century people. When ¶ I strolled out on the platform I found <[---]> President Young beginning our carriage journey for the day, as he did every morning afterward, by a personal inspection of the soundness of every wheel, axle, harness horse and mule, that belonged to the party. There were six bag- -gage waggons to accompany us. These had left Salt Lake City long before, us, and now rolled slowly off to precede us to Provo. Under the ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B32_F17_p030.jpg) President's direction we were now told off to our respective carriages, and bade farewell to the friends who had accompanied us so far. The President's led off, accomp then followed ours; and we were sorry to see that it was his luxurious city carriage which he had devoted to destruction on the lava blocks in my invalid husband's service. <2/>It's handsomely varnished panels were protected by pure white canvas. What a red stained, dusty, shabby covering reached the journey's end! <1/>Inside it was so piled up with cushions and fur robes that it was al- -most impossible to feel a jolt. Behind us followed a carriage containing a (one of the) Mrs Young who was returning to her home in one of the Southern settlements, (her pretty little daughter with whom my boys at once struck up a friendship which lightened the fatigue ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B32_F17_p031.jpg) of their journey;) and another daughter of President Young's a <[---]tic pale young> married lady who was, under Mrs Young's care, going to recruit her health "in Dixie". Then followed the carriage of Lorenzo D. Young a younger brother of the President's with his bright eyed rosy cheeked wife, and fine manly son of fourteen. After them came various other carriages containing the Superintendent of Telegraphing in Utah (in whom I recognized the man whom I had [accidentally] seen praying beside the bed of a dying Gentile in Salt Lake City) his pretty wife, and three or four other gentlemen who accompanied us for the re- -mainder of the trip. ¶ Our afternoon drive followed the shore of Utah, or Timpanogos, Lake a shiney beautiful fresh water, abounding in fish. On its banks stand several p flourishing ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B32_F17_p032.jpg) villages, their streets bordered with trees, and each of the scattered houses set in a fine <[---]st orchards> orchard. <(6)> Hardly any "clap boards" are seen in Utah. Where they have adobe clay they use it as a building material: wherever they can find a brick-clay they do their best to make bricks, but it disappoints them by <[---]y to> the presence of lime, which, not satisfied with slacking in the kiln and destroying half a burning, suddenly manifests its presence from time to time in a finished houses for a year after, some- -times producing fatal cracks from top to bottom. I prefer the adobe. Its natural soft tint is of a I dove colour that harmonises well with the subdued colour of the trees. the houses> on the village streets and in a country where So little rain falls as in Utah they are able to put on a coat of white plaster whose dazzling purity ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B32_F17_p033.jpg) (8) appearing in the distance as lays fruit orchards with detached houses scattered through them. Hardly any &c ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B32_F17_p034.jpg) The walls of the best houses in Provo were white or light colored [---] 19th recommends it to a housekeeper's if not to an artist's eye. With the carved wooden window dressings and piazzas, and corniced roofs, the houses on the principal square in Provo, which we reached that afternoon looked to me like the pretty designs my youth was deluded with in the American Girl's Own Book. Mar- -vellously neat and trim cottages and villas were set forth in it which the American Girl was assured she could construct as mantel ornaments from cardboard with no tools but a sharp penknife. The ideal American Girl <(representative type)> may have done it: I know that my walls wouldn't meet, my roofs wouldn't stay on. and my piazzas stood stiffly off disavowing all connection with my building. The Provo Villas looked like the ideal I had aimed at, but the comparison enabled me to realise more strongly the comfort of what comfort then was in the mass [---] of the strong solid wall in which the window frames ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B32_F17_p035.jpg) frames tobacco 4 2 120 were deeply recessed , assuring one of cool rooms in sum- of <[---]> warmth in winter. [---] & durability. -mer and saf prote We entered the ground of those of these houses and drew up at on of its several entrances. There was a front door from which a short footpath led to the street: there was one at the back of the house opening into a covered way, for use in stormy weather; and there was the one by which we entered, opening on a wide piazza, where our hostess stood ready to greet us; a buxom black haired and black quick-eyed dame <[---] around to the d[---]> who reminded one of the Wife of Bath. She greeted us with [-] a warm welcome, and hailed the rest of the company with many a quip and merry jest, as she led the way into her large parlour. In two minutes more she had flitted up the stairway to show me my rooms; in two more she had committed my entertainment, as far as words talking to me went, to another of her husband's wives, also a guest, and [The following is written sideways in left margin] While, cold, hard &c Rather too much of the [---]. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B32_F17_p036.jpg) in twenty more she had all our large party seated at a table so abundantly spread that there was no more than room for our plates. Then came the usual Mormon grace before meat, not uttered until President Young's eye had wandered over the table and seen every cover lifted, even the stoppers taken from the decanters of home-made wine. (I have seen more than once at Mormon dinner-parties the corks drawn from the Champagne.) I don't know why the covers are raised taken off, surely the blessing could penetrate through to the viands? Perhaps the savory smell penetrating our olfactories tended to make us more thankful! On the other hand a gourmet might have been tempted to wish the grace— an excellent prayer— somewhat shorter when those steaming mealy pota- -toes were cooling. What had we for dinner? What had we not! Turkey and beef, and various ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B32_F17_p037.jpg) Oyster Soup Carte Wild Plum Jelly Salmon Trout Wild Duck Apple Fritters Chicken Pie vegetables, and "sauces", jellies clear as amber and ruby and amethyst jellies, preserves, mince pies (drawn out of the oven after grace was said!) plum- -puddings, plain puddings for the children, (who pre- -ferred the rich ones,) cheese (and figs) and apples and cake, butter, bread, rich milk, thick cream and excellent tea: all were served, and pressed upon us by our active hostess. A seat was reserved for her at the President Young's right hand, to which she was invited about once in five minutes, and would reply "Immediately, Brother Young" "In a minute, Sister Lucy" as she flew off to reappear with some fresh dainty. The feast was exquisitely clean as the house <(c)> a very large one—and the mistress told me afterwards that with the help of one young girl she did everything including taking care of the milk of two cows. That she looked well to the ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B32_F17_p038.jpg) [---] sand paper something—&c (C.) Here speak again of this House S[---]y [---]tance that to be down than were all Con[---]nces to recognize labor murky <[---]ry & [---]> [---]s—and learns st[---]s m[---] workshops & anything [--]ther under one roof or amnesty by corridors. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B32_F17_p039.jpg) ways of her household, no one could doubt who heard the prompt cheery replies she made to her husband's queries (He was also a guest, if a man can be a guest under his wife's roof!) as <[--]hestry the> to the welfare of the cows and calves and sheep and horses and hired boys, the winter's provision of wood and coal; & the summer's harvest. Such a busy woman! I did not wonder that there were few books strewed about, only a Bible, a Book of Mormon, the Harp of Zion, Worcester's Dictionary and a photograph album: except in the locked closet where were the school books of her only son, gone now to Salt Lake City to study law. Her one nestling had flown, and good housewife though she was, she sat down long enough to speak of her loneliness without him, while the tears sparkled in her eyes. I thought of a home I knew of overflowing with books and manuscripts and hap ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B32_F17_p040.jpg) children's voices; where the boys and girls gathered round the table of an evening with their drawing painting and sewing, while Mother read aloud and Father commented on the reading as he wrote, and the tears came as I thought how solitary her life must be, when each day's work was over; how much more solitary it would be as the evening of her life closed in. No "John Anderson" to be her fireside companion, when her son had gone to his own home! However, my pity for the present was uncalled for. My hostess was soon jesting with her guests, and she certainly was happy and con- -tented woman. on Our evening passed very quietly. Presi- -dent Young was suffering from a feverish attack and the household retired early. When we were sitting in the <[---] drawing room> parlor after dinner, he complained of severe pain in his head, and his wife brought ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B32_F17_p041.jpg) in a basin of warm water and sponged it until he seemed relieved, and fell asleep in his chair when she wound up the proceeding by curling the wet hair into most elaborate rings. It was such a service of love as. I have seen rendered to fathers husbands and brothers in many a Yankee farmhouse before the household went to Meeting, and I only mention it because those curls had been a mystery to me. <[---] they betrayed I thought> Such effeminate vanity it had seemed in the man of seventy-two, a man who had such immense responsibilities on his shoul- -ders. It had seemed as if, with the power of an Eastern despot, he partook of his luxurious cat-like ways. And the mystery resolved itself so simply! I have spoken of "his wife". Which wife? I have decided not to speak of Brigham Young's own household, unless casually. I was a guest in the "Lion House" for some time and became ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B32_F17_p042.jpg) quite intimately acquainted with some members of his family . People are curious to hear about them; but the satisfaction of curiosity would pain these ladies, who suffer enough from gossiping inquisitiveness, and would not do any good to anyone I am aware that I shall forfeit most of the inter- -est my subject may have seemed to have. "You went to stay in Brigham Young's own house?" exclaimed a horror struck old Aunt of mine, "How could you do it! Don't tell your cousin—for she said already that she was afraid you couldn't touch pitch without being defiled. Did you actually sit down and eat with those women? I wonder at you! How many are there; are there any of them pretty; what did you— "Dear Aunt ," I answered, "there are plenty of books where you may read more gossip and ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B32_F17_p043.jpg) slanderous stories about Brigham Young's house- -hold than I ever heard. I went there at the close of my stay in Utah <[---] order in order> to show openly that my opinion of the Mormon women was now such that I could eat their bread and salt. If I thought your questions were put in a kindly spirit, I would answer them. Can you say so?" She was silent. I think some people would express their horror <[---]> if you confessed to having attended a Witches' Sabbath, and having how the Devil was dressed, whether he really had he really> manifested properly their own superior purity would ask you questions as to the knowledge you had thus gained, and fancy they still could stand on their <-mission that they are no better than yourself.> scornful level of contemptuous superiority! As far as I can, I shall (endeavor to) conceal the identity of any Mormon woman of whose story I may chance to speak. I met none of ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B32_F17_p044.jpg) whom I ought to (have) an unkind word to say. We understand each other now, dear reader, and if you can have patience to continue on my journey with me. I can give you I think "Skeletons for Stories" that will set you up with quite a stock in hand for your next Magazine series. We have almost used up the War and Hospital fund by this time. ¶ That very evening as I drew up the blind in my dressing-room, I was reminded of one son in law>, I had heard a few days before from President Young. There was a beautiful moonlight night, and the town of Provo seemed intensely still, save that I could hear the lights in the Meeting House where they most of the men of our party had gone to preach. The sheltering mountains looked almost like white clouds as the moon shone full on their snowy tops. At the foot, commanding the town ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B32_F17_p045.jpg) Stories m[--]light N. though had my husband both me queer & half fear no canny &c. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B32_F17_p046.jpg) 5 who sometimes break through the bands of custom and seek refuge among the Mormons, who will conceal them if they once reach the shelter of their roof. The Indians appear to cease the pursuit then. It seems difficult to believe that the Indians should be permitted to treat their helpless dependents as they do even in the presence of whites but the Mormons are advised not to interfere and and seldom do unless it is more than human nature can endure to witness. The result of interference they generally find to be a tenfold retaliation on the cattle or persons of the next whites that come within their power to harm. To this the Mormons submit considering that the Indians are only obeying their own ideas of justice. Where the Indians commit depredations which are not in relat iation, the Mormons pursue and punish, generally with the consent of the chiefs if it has been the act of a few individuals. If a whole band is in the mischief the affair becomes more grave and there is high treaty-making, but as a general thing they contrive to arrange matters without fighting. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B32_F17_p047.jpg) 2 Nephi I could see little of Nephi in the gathering darkness: it was evidently smaller than Provo, and less pretty. The carriages halted on entering the town, and separated company for the time. Ours was driven rapidly up a street to where a plain adobe house fronted the road. But lights streamed from every door and win- -dow; the master of the father of the family stood waiting to help us out of the carriage and the wives and children greeted us warmly as we entered. the house the threshold. We had not known to where we were to stay, but both our host and his first wife re- -membered K. and reminded him that they were dwelling inside the fortified enclosure when he was sheltered there in '58. It must be said here that though I was a stranger, my husband's name is a household word among the Mormons, and their <[---] went through the Territory we encountered the same [---] only hospitable [---]> uniform hospitality to us sprang from gratitude. Our present hosts [Second paragraph on page is crossed out] ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B32_F17_p048.jpg) 52 Our present hosts, the Steerforths were English people; the husband, of a Manx family long resident in Yorkshire, one wife from Hereford tall, blue-eyed brown haired and rosy, the other from Yorkshire, pale dark haired and tiny. Then there was a group of children, all girls down to the tiniest little elf that ever walked, except and one sturdy boy who straightway "fellowshipped" with my little lads, and carried them off after supper to the great kitchen to see Lehi the Indian adopted boy. After supper! <[-] other day> Whenever we have any article here at home that tickles the palate of Evan or Will, they straightway begin, "This reminds me of the P's ," and descant upon the hot tea-cakes, the muffins, the delicious stew, the steak, the potatoes, the various good things that composed the Yorkshire style our "tea-dinner", until the other children beg them to stop, since they cannot go too to Nephi. Brown Copenhagen [The following is written sideways in left margin] modify: say something I'm always Y[-]ks but English do not know what [--]t trail [---] ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B32_F17_p049.jpg) One of the wives sat down to table with us, and one waited, with the aid of the two elder girls. There was a young school master too, who had made his home with them since his parents died, and whose love of the quiet household life was duly praised when he left the room. But I thought that the pretty pale face and dark eyes of "our eldest" might perhaps share the credit of the long ten mile ride on Friday evening and the starlight start on Monday morning. Time will show. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B32_F17_p050.jpg) Our conversation the first evening turned chiefly on the difficulties of their pioneer life and while Mrs Mary talked most freely the little Mother put in a quiet word of acquies- -cence or confirmation now and then. Mrs Mary told one that they <"Our family", said> had come out among the earliest to Salt Lake. Speaking of the way in which they had husbanded their grain she said, "She had wore out five veils in sifting the coarse flour that came from their rude mills. At first they had set aside what would not sift; but they had been glad to use even the bran long before ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B32_F17_p051.jpg) Our conversation the first evening was chiefly of the difficulties of the all long before new supplies came in. She spoke with the same emotion I had witnessed in (a much older woman) of that joyful day in the <1848> second year <(1848)> when the harvest had been gathered in, and (they made) a great feast of rejoicing before the Lord. Long tables were set out and all the women and girls in the settlement were busy, baking, stewing, roasting and boiling. All strangers tarrying in the settlement —there were a number of the early Californian emigration were bidden to the feast, and then they had dancing and singing under the boweries, and bade care depart for the time. S. who was present, reminded Mrs Mary how hardly the unmarried men had fared that first season; how they would avoid going to the homes of the married at the times of of unless too sorely driven ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B32_F17_p052.jpg) by hunger, and of the carefully measured portion that had been meted to each member of the household being again subdivided to share a portion with the famished guest. This Elder, a man deformed in body, but with a most engaging countenance, had been detailed during the pilgrimage to be a missionary among the Poncahs, a band of Indians on the L'Eau qui-Coule. He did not rejoin the main body for some months, and the Steerforths seemed as much interested in the details he gave of his mis- -sion as I was. The Indians had been very kind to him, but they themselves were a weak band among more powerful tribes, and he had suffered with them from hunger famine, and been unable to accomodate his feeble appetite to the Indian custom of gorging when food chanced to become plentiful. He was almost dying when, in a little thicket to which he retired thrice a day to pray, sweet visions came to him, which promised him life, and that he should yet rejoin his friends. This gave him renewed strength, and he had remained among the Poncahs until recalled to ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B32_F17_p053.jpg) take his place among the Pioneers months among a band of Indians on the L'Eau- qui-Coule the Poncahs. He learned their language and lived in their lodges, and taught them as much Christianity as he could, by precept and example. ¶ I have often wondered since if what he taught has been entirely forgotten; or, woven up in their confused minds delights the new Episcopal Bishop of Niobrara in whose diocess they find themselves, with traditionary glimpses of a historic past in confirmation of the almost universal prevalence of legends of the Deluge, the confusion of tongues, and so forth! ¶ I am satisfied that the Mormons themselves are often led to receive as genuine Indian traditions confirmatory of the Book of Mormon, faint recollections of the teachings of the courageous Spanish priests who penetrated the deserts of Utah more than two ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B32_F17_p054.jpg) hundred years ago. Utah was then probably quite thickly settled. I do not wish to refer to the Indian legends as authority, but to the presence of great quantities of broken pottery on the "benches"—low terrace-like or railway embankment-like hills—running along at the foot of the mountain ranges. As far north as Nephi, and even as Provo, they are also ploughed up by the farmers and are far superior to anything the Ute Ute or Pi-ede In- -dians make now. The Indians of Northern Utah, the Shoshone's, I never met any of. They are an offshoot of the great Camanche nation of Texas who often make them overtures to rejoin them, and are superior in intelligence and moral qual- -ities to the Utes of middle Utah, who again are much above the debased Pi-edes of Southern Utah. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B32_F17_p055.jpg) Mr. Steerforth mentioned a curious im- -pression seen in a block of lava near It is precisely like that of the print of a child's bare foot, and near it is another less plain. He supposed that some Indian child had really trodden there before the lava cooled. I asked how long it had been since a volcano had been active in the country, but none of them knew. Although they had been among the first settlers at Nephi their knowledge was but of yesterday compared to the years that must have elapsed and as Mrs Mary could talk in a very lively manner of her experiences since she came, so I preferred hearing of them to speculating about the volcanoes. She remembered Wah-ker and Arrahpene, and their sales of Pi-ede children. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B32_F17_p056.jpg) One of his Pi-ede captives had been brought up from his infancy in the P's house and was adopted as a son. My little boys had already made Lehi's acquaintance, but Like most of the Indians who have grown up in the Mormon families he was sickly. Rheumatism, dyspepsia and consumption seem to follow the change of diet and more sedentary life. "Lehi" was crippled with rheumatism, and would not talk much. On a subsequent visit to the P's he told my boys how, when he was a little captive Wahkeri band used to amuse ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B32_F17_p057.jpg) themselves in tormenting him, now burying him up to the chin in earth, leaving food and water just beyond his reach and affecting to remove the band and leave him to die alone, now sending for him to be killed, and when the braves had taken aim, bidding him go for this time. Besides these plays, the boys of the band were allowed to try their skill in arrow practise by showing how near they could come to hitting him without actually piercing the living target. No wonder Lehi used to hide under the bed at Mrs P's whenever an In- -dian came near . ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B32_F17_p058.jpg) Wahker's Pi-ede captives had been adopted into President Young's family, and is now a sedate woman of forty, with a great horror of Indians. I was told that it was at the time she was sold that a young brother of hers remaining on hand after the rest of the captives were disposed of, was thrown alive into the boiling sulphur spring, a mile north of Salt Lake City. But President Young himself, who ought to know I suppose, said that he did not believe it was her brother, in the first place, and that in the second, that he was killed before he was thrown in. I found the Mormons disposed to justify and ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B32_F17_p059.jpg) excuse the Indians more than I thought the squalid creatures deserved, and if Wah-ker didn't boil that boy alive, he did enough atrocities to justify the terror in which the name of the great Ute chief was held among the subordinate tribes ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B32_F17_p060.jpg) I have thus I [---] <[--]> at my husband's request a copy of an Ed[--]t from a letter & another by [--] t[--]. my district t[---] of You will observe that I speak only for the women. I suppose I am in Society p[---] they only [---] who has been willing to I believe that I am the only "Gentile" woman of respectability who has been enabled to hold free intercourse with the Mormon women, and ¶ I have , in the course of my slow carriage journey through the Territory from Salt Lake City to this settlement on the Arizona border visited or been visited by scores of <"plural> Mormon wives." It was a matter of suprise to me to meet those <¶ yes! These very women whom we have> whom I had been trained to look upon as unfit to associate "excellent modest> with me, and to find them modest quiet housewives "discreet, chaste, keepers at home, good, obedient to their own husbands." to our Utah Sister is that they represent precisely> Indeed I make this criticism adverse to my Utah Sister that she is precisely that ideal Woman whom our writers praise for not stepping beyond her sphere. Her nursery, her kitchen and dairy, her needle and her sewing-machine occupy all her time. Her husband is the priest of her family, and she "learns in silence with all subjection" what he teaches, ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B32_F17_p061.jpg) and stands prepared to die for it if need be. They do not argue; and St Paul himself could find no flaw in the way they lives up to his pre- -cepts for the government of the female members of Timothy's flock. In the nineteenth century, however, it leads to inconvenient results. I fancied before I came here that if the marriages already made were legalised, the women would gladly abandon Polygamy for the future. I am obliged to confess that, so far, that is during my six weeks' study of them, I see no leaning that way. The question has been made one of Fidelity, as they think, to their Bible's teachings; and the unreasoning creatures cling to it in the same spirit that has kept our sex for ages <[--] crying> saying under affliction "Though He slay me, yet will I trust in Him." The wives of this generation receive no comfort from my suggestion that their own social position will be legally secured, nor do they debate in their minds what their action shall be. They must go where they ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B32_F17_p062.jpg) 3 can love their religion." [Drawing of a hand appears] If Washington decides that they must choose between their faith and their country, they will not dis- pute the matter. They will cling to their faith. But they long to stay. The men are hardy enough, and with their independence of habit and freedom from slavery to tobacco and liquor will manage pretty well. B Twenty one years have passed since the first pioneers set foot in these valleys, The sufferings <1846. 47 & 48. For [---]> of the women who crossed the deserts with them, and the lonely graves of the baby dead wh[-] who fell by the wayside are unforgotten. The pretty cottage they own now are especially dear because they have known what it was to live in tents and wagons without door or wall, win- dow or floor. Women feel a real affection for their handi- work, and I can understand how these ones appreciate the housewife's wealth with which they have surrounded them- selves, the rag carpets and rugs, the curtains, and covers, spreads and pillowcases edged with finely knitted lace; the preserves ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B32_F17_p063.jpg) and canned fruits in their closets, the herbs and the currant and gooseberry bushes in their gardens. The simple creatures dread leaving these home-comforts, but they dread much more encountering what they have already undergone, they or their mothers. They dread to see their baby's perishing in the desert when they know that the food that was once so near at hand would save the darling life. They dread the Indians whose alarming presence will keept them sleepless in spite of fatigue, and the hard journeys that will bring children into the world prematurely and task the strength of young and old. What earnestness this lends to their prayers: how close it makes them cling to God whose overruling power can save them if He will! Every night and morning since I left Salt Lake City, in log-hut or adobe villa wherever I chanced to rest I have heard Him implored to soften the hearts of their rulers, and to incline them to "let this people alone." In every family circle the women who knelt have ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B32_F17_p064.jpg) known somthing by personal experience of the suffering they may have to encounter again can "live their religion." The President's Message reached Salt Lake City previous to my departure. I read the allusion to Utah affairs with a slight laugh at the thought that he had not forgotten that he had left himself "corked up in Dutch Gap" by his in-judicial proceedings. Our friends in the East probably thought no more of it than I did, or were gratified that our Bull Dog still hung out. "Stamp out Polygamy! that's right!" they say, and forget Utah! Our own people <[---] who are here> speculating in the mines here grumble at the words that threaten trouble in Utah. It will un- -settle the prices of mining stocks in San Francisco and London. Their dissatisfaction will be represented in Congress and will have its weight. But no one minds what the Mormon delegate may say, and no "Gentiles" but K. and myself witness the cloud of sorrow and anxiety that dims this Christmas season in every Mormon family. [Last paragraph on page crossed out] ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B32_F17_p065.jpg) I did. I suffer from [---] what I know of Grant's and heart(x)&c That the last thought no the world that ocurred to him in [--] when he wrote [this] paragraph referring to Utah make was that it would but it was a flow that not hit a the only not serious effect and be to [---] arm a friend of the women & children. of the territory, I think they intended to make this Christmas such a season of especial regency & futurity: a* men unhappy anxious set of helpless persons it has never before been my lot to [---] The simple creatures know nothing of Politics. To them it means nother drive. From what I know of Grant's tenderness to his own wife and children family I should then suppose The last thought in he could not be hardhearted to women and children, and that the last thought in his mind when he penned the paragraph on Utah affairs was that its only serious effect would be to alarm the women and children in this territory No one knows better than I do | what or how | --- ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B32_F17_p066.jpg) more to see their babies perishing when they know that the food that was once so near at hand would save the darling's life, and that they have ransacked their scanty stores in vain for anything to tempt the failing appetite. They dread the Indians whose alarming presence will give sleepless nights to the delicate mother, the hard journeys that will bring children into the world prematurely, and task the strength of young and old. What earnestness this lends to their prayers; how close it makes them cling to God, who alone, they feel can turn the hearts of their rulers, and save them! Their (What an absurdity it seems to me to risk depriving our country of these good simple women, to blacken the hearths of so many thousand quiet homes where neither oath, nor drunkenness, nor tobacco fumes poison the peace and refinement—to leave Utah to the mining population and the soldier garrison—in the cause of Virtue!) I do not think General Grant has thought of the women. I know him to be too tender a father and husband to be hardhearted to women and children. If he had known how much wretchedness they had already caused he would scarcely have penned those three lines in the Message on Utah affairs * These women are patriotic—they want to be Americans. I am confident the United States could not have a better nursery for good citizens than the Utah we despise ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B32_F17_p067.jpg) Hon: Wm H. Hooper My dear Sir; I enclose a copy of a letter mailed by me today to Hon. John Scott. The days of this Congress are so few ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B32_F17_p068.jpg) known something by personal experience of the suffering they fear to encounter again. The Pres: I pity them . I wish I could avert it! Or, I wish their men would be content to remain in a Territory, and not ask that Utah should come in as a State. I confess I secretly wonder at their patriotism, their Stars and Stripes and Liberty Poles, their mournful tone in acknowledging that they are over forty and have never cast a Presidential vote. But I don't profess to understand men. I do know something of women, and if I could say a word to our Legislators it would be to beg them not to deprive the United States of these Mormon women. They are the vic- -tims of one error; but they live at peace with each other, and rear brave sons and modest daughters, free from debauchery drunkenness or feebleness the result of vice. Patient frugal and industrious; just such women as the United States needs to carry out the republican theory of its founders; <❡ This is plain English; but I meant.> They wait to know their doom. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B32_F17_p069.jpg) These Mormon women who have borne persecution seem so much in earnest! Life for them would been unendurable if they did not feel sure that it was God's decree, they were carrying out. Since He wills it, they make the best of Poly- -gamy and seek out its best side. Do I think they really believe it is God's decree? Certainly I do; just as much as all good women believe in the curse of Eve. If we looked at all we are taught about that in the mere light of Reason; we would be doing just what we ask the Mormon women to do. I believe one reason we women are more oftener [Written in margin] Postpone ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B32_F17_p070.jpg) Postponed Postpone Christians than men are, is because our share of the burden of life is so much the harder. If we did not believe it was laid upon us by the God whose wisdom and love we trust, we could not endure it I think the Mormon women cling the closer to their faith for the same reason. "If in this life only we have hope in Christ, we are of all men most miserable," cried Paul when the world was a very hard world to him. I saw no woman who confessed to being discon- -tented with her lot; but then few women will ever do that openly. Nor did I see many; I met some; who claimed that Pa plural wife was happier than a single wife. A few bade me realise how blest I was —adding however—that is, for this world. My selfishness is, in their belief, greatly to diminish my husband's kingdom in the next. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B32_F17_p071.jpg) Postpone trifling incident, but it was a constant occur- -rence to have the stage run into Mormon teams. Beyond Nephi the road is scarcely travelled by others; but near there the highway turns off to the great Pioche mining settlement in Nevada, and the "Gentiles" love to annoy the Mormons in the same way that in crusading days men who had no other claim to religion felt better for harassing a Jew. <[--]t> Hardly a week passed without some frailer vehicle driven by a Mormon being run into or upset by one of these heavy Gilmore stages, and the annoyance was rendered the greater on the part of the Mormons by their belief that no Mormon could obtain the mail-contract. I suppose these are the sort of things, more than any grave case of oppression which "fire the Southern heart", so sore already ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B32_F17_p072.jpg) from being conquered. Only those who live in a household can realise how irritating a word, a sneer, even a look may be falling upon the surface of a heart quivering nerves. And as this stage-matter was one upon which the Mormons were very sensitive I gave them much credit for their forbearance. That day too I was in the mood to appreciate it, for I was reading as we toiled through the sand, the raw-head- and-bloody-bones narrative of Bill Hickman. We were traversing the very route country in which he had laid the scene of some of his most rerolling confessions. A clear pond we passed holds in its bosom he says, the corpse of one of his victims, and some of my quick fellow-travellers, and the meek-faced Mr. P. my host at Nephi were ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B32_F17_p073.jpg) on his showing, his Danite accomplices. The reception of the stage-driver's insult tallied ill with friend Bill's picture of the Mormon leaders, and when we made our noonday halt, I found the women of our party take it much more tamely than I was disposed to do. They seemed to think it a small price of religious persecution to which they ought to turn the other cheek. What a curious sensation it was to read that man's book in the company of the man whom it was written to accuse of a series of revolting murders: a man even now under bail for a heavier amount than was exacted of Jeff Davis. I suppose that Hickman's testimony might have carried great weight with a jury, if he had not discounted the sensation by this <[---]> publication. Its monstrosity carried its ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B32_F17_p074.jpg) best reputation, and I fancy the authori- -ties will prefer never to bring poor old Brigham Young up for trial. There were many who hoped he was taking this Southern trip as a preliminary to running away and forfeiting his bail. But, (as he did) last year, he had constant telegraphic communi- -cation with Salt Lake City, and was as ready to return for trial as then. Last year I fancy his prompt return, travelling up towards his prison night and day, was rather unwelcome to Justice. It's acceptable to our nineteenth century ideas to kill our Jeff. Davises our Brigham Young's, our Captain Jack's "red- handed" as the Scotch say; but if they don't resist, we are apt to begin studying the question of their actual guilt, looking at both sides and ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B32_F17_p075.jpg) so forth; until we are ready to blame those Oregonians <---> for slaying the Modoc prisoners as the outcry was a few weeks ago that we should do to Captain Jack. There is no doubt that Hickman led away a number of wild young Mormons, whom he formed into a band of regular K. maintained ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B32_F17_p076.jpg) I could see little of the place, it was smaller than Provo evidently, and not nearly so pretty. Our party halted, and parted company . We were driven up a street to where an ugly brown adobe house fronted the road. But lights streamed from every door and window, and as if by magic, we were at home in a moment. I did not even know the kindly people's names till we crossed their threshold, but we shall not soon forget them . Such hospitable warmith. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B32_F17_p077.jpg) Nephi 7 It must be remembered that though I was a stranger, my husband's name was a house- -hold word among the Mormons, and their kindness sprung from gratitude. I like to tell about my stay in Nephi, and feel as if I had spent a much longer time there than the few days that comprised my two visits. Like St Paul, a Jew of Tarsus, a Pharisee, a Christian, a Roman Citizen, I don't exactly make friends under an alias, but I feel a right to "call country men" with English Scotch and Puritan Yankees. I have plenty of Irish blood too, but it wasn't an element in Utah, Besides I never feel its influence in my veins. My present hosts the Ps were English people, the husband of a Manx family resident in Yorkshire, one wife from Hereford ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B32_F17_p078.jpg) and I suppose this feeling that it is God's doing, keeps down among good women that natural womanly jealousy we Gentiles think insuperable. We are familiar from childhood with the heart-burnings of jealousy in Hagar and Sarah, Leah and Rachel, but we forget the numbers of what the Mormons would call "plural households" among the patriarchs of whom no quar- -rels are recorded. Those of the women above- -mentioned are probably told because they were exceptional. And by the way what a curious idea it is to quote the examples of Rebekah as a faithful wife in the Episcopal marriage-service! I suppose it is because Isaac is the only "blessed old saint" who is not known to have a polygamist, for Rebekah did anything but honouring him in his blind old age, and we would not like to record of any heroine ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B32_F17_p079.jpg) by hunger, and of the carefully measured portions My dear Sir: that had been meted to each mem- -ber of the household being again subdivided to share a portion with the hungry bachelor. They laughed together at the recollection of the invitation he had received from + + + one day to come and eat bean soup with him. How good it had sounded, there was savour in the very name! How punctual he had been; how eargerly he lifted the first spoonful to his lips! He had laughed aloud soon after, and his host asking him why, he answered, "Well xxx you asked me to eat bean-soup, and I can't help chuckling to think I've got it!" holding up the solitary bean he had fished out with his spoon. Mrs Mary had not remained long in the ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B32_F17_p080.jpg) of the nineteenth century good enough to have her memoirs written, such unwifely conduct as hers in inciting Jacob to cheat her poor old husband. I think she fully deserved to be tormented by the "daughters of Heth." They probably did no more than point out to Esau the unfair partiality that Mother-in-law Rebekah showed sly Jacob! If it be true that most poly- -gamic households lived as peacefully in pa- -triarchal days, as monogamic ones do now, there is nothing but custom to prevent the same thing taking place now; and with the Mormons they have customary usage in favor of it. Yet it does seem extraordinary that jealousy can be so completely dead as in the instance I am about to give. In one of the Mormon settlements ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B32_F17_p081.jpg) Salt Lake Valley. Theirs was one of the first families detailed to form the Salt Creek, now Nephi, settle- -ment, and the mouldering crumbling adobe wall we had passed was that of the fort in which they used to take refuge from the Indians. "That," Mr. Steerforth said turning to K. "was where you were sheltered when you came through to make the peace in '58." "I don't remember the place", he answered "it has changed so much I suppose." "Yes," Mrs Mary said "we have moved our log-house twice on account of the In- -dians, and others have done the same. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B32_F17_p082.jpg) The Indians—imitate Crook's look and manner when he said God damn at one time they had him foul—they had made overtures of peace but it was treachery & they'd got him all surrounded in a little valley—he came expecting a conference—but when they looked at him though they covered all the hills their hearts grew soft as a blanket & they didn't make the attack as agreed & their chiefs were very mad: nearly the entire nation was there but owing to his kind looks they let him go without showing their force. They after- -wards fought five days in the Mts—this was along in September— good many dying on both sides. Come on foot—drink at little springs cross Colorado on Jacob Hamblin's trail— Spanking Jack is the Pi-ede counselling chief—Tow-am-pitz called by as John is the war-chief. Jack was made chief by Powell against the wishes of the people here about a year & a half ago, but I don't know but it is best. Jack was a first class rascal before ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B32_F17_p083.jpg) the difference between the settlers in Utah, and pioneers elsewhere struck me very much. I know nothing by experience of the early settlers in California, Colorado and the other Western <2> territories and states but if the pages of Ross Browne and Bret Harte with their imitators are to be trusted they are a rougher and more un- -godly set than those who flocked round us when we first cut down the forest in our own mountain-home. My own old neighbours I knew well, and the contrast between them and the Utah people was great. Decent women were scarce among us ; drinking, quarrelling, swearing and gambling filled up every the men's leisure hours in spite of the efforts of the priest on his bi-monthly visit. And, though we have greatly improved, pigs and chickens still roam at will into the garden-patches of the more orderly citizens who dare not rouse the anger of their Celtic owners by ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B32_F17_p084.jpg) protests, and the gaily dressed flock of our Catholic and Methodist pastors go home to shiver in the frail unplastered clapboard shanties they live in contentedly from year to year, while the husbands and brothers spend evening after evening in the whiskey shops, seeming to have but little companion- -ship with their women-folk, while The cultivation of our land is of the rudest, for we have not yet lost that first rough pioneer popu- lation who merely scratch the soil for a slender harvest In Utah the settlers seem to have come from a class used to home-comforts. If they have not yet been able to emerge from the log-cabin with its mud-roof into the cosy adobe, you still find the logs whitewashed inside find such a home as the one we found ourselves in at Scipio. I will describe it as it was a type of many I saw afterwards Arizona if it had had a swarm of these tame bees put down in sufficient number— wisdom of letting them hive honey — As I have said, it was a one - roomed log cabin with an enclosed shed, or "leanto" behind. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B32_F17_p085.jpg) Filmore July 7 Leaving Scipio our next days journey carried us to Fillmore, the county seat of Millard; both names given out of gratitude by the Mormons to a man who treated them fairly when they risked being improved off the face of creation. They had neither silver nor gold nor shares in mines railroads or other corporations to "tip" him with, but in those days statesmen were not in the market, and the benefits they conferred were given without an extended hand. Millard Fillmore's town and county represent no money value to him, but the recorded gratitude of a people is worth something to a man when the days draw near in which he reckons up his deeds as they will appear in the light of Heavenly Wisdom eyes of posterity when he is gone. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B32_F17_p086.jpg) Fillmore stands on a knoll or Bench rising from a little plain surrounded by peaked mountains. plain surrounded by peaked mountains. It is on a knoll or rising ground: and is rapidly increasing in growth and prosperity. Everywhere the rude first buildings are giving way to brick houses, which are substantial and very comfortable to the inhabitants, but far from picturesque. To my eyes, used to Philadelphia brick, they had an unfinished look, but I suppose they will mellow down with age to a pleasanter hue. My first visit there was so entirely occu- -pied with Kanosh the Pahvant Chief and his band that I scarcely saw my hostess; we "squaws" being expected at least to hold our tongues if we were not working for our lords' benefit. Kanosh inter- -ested me very much and I can scarcely forbear telling his story, but I cannot pretend to myself that it has anything to do with ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B32_F17_p087.jpg) When we emerged from Round Valley before descend- -ing into the Pahvant country we looked back upon a grand view; We caught silvery gleams here and there of the Sevier passing to its mysterious grave in the desert; the nearer mountains were devoid of snow, black and frowning, but on the far horizon the sun lit up a number of snowy peaks, Mt. Nebo still visible highest of all and beautiful. as a dream. Then we came to Cedar Springs, a place on the "Bench", looking out over the plain that was considered worth being called ranche ground till it melted away into the Sevier desert pure and simple. The little settlement was buried in fruit trees and seeing them reminded me to expect a great deal of Fill- -more of whose orchards I had often heard. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B32_F17_p088.jpg) As we drove up to the house where we were to stay, we noticed some Indians loitering about the gate, and after a decent interval allowed us to rest and refresh ourselves, K. received a formal visit from Kanosh, Chief of the Pah-vant Indians, into whose country we had now entered. Kanosh, an old acquaintance of 1858, came to be pitied for the decay of his Tribe — to ask what the real amount of gifts or annuities allotted him by Govern- -ment, or whether he was cheated out of them by the U.S. agents — and to implore that he might not be deported to the Uintah mountain reservation. There was something prepossessing in the ap- -pearance of Kanosh and his younger brother Hang-a- -tah. (the "Red Blanket") but I cannot say as much for their friends. Kanosh says he is "forty and eight" but judging from his white moustache seems older. His eye is very bright and he has the penetrating look of a business ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B32_F17_p089.jpg) was a strip of leather studded with such tin tacks as are on horses' head-stalls. But his immobility disappeared just as he was leaving the room when his eye was caught by his image in the glass. He advanced to it with amusingly unconcealed admiration and remained posturing before it till the last of the party left the room. I do not intend to report Kanosh's set speech though it struck me as decidedly clever. My hus- -band made him dictate a statement in his own words which I took down in my pocket diary. He signed it after making three persons read it to him to be sure I was not cheating him. "One snow-time since I got blankets: no flour, no meat beef but a little last spring: no flour; no wheat; no oats; no corn; no bullets; no see nothing but Dodge: talk heap talk: weino pesharrony, katy yak - good talk but no give." Kanosh mark. Fillmore Dec 17. 1872 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B32_F17_p090.jpg) Kanosh a [-] sharp eyed Indian of about 50, with a white mustache[---] man. He wore a A black driving robe over his left shoulder setting off a dark blue uniform coat with bright brass buttons. He wore buckskin leggings and moccasins, and had a neatly trimmed white moustache on his dark face. Hang-a-tah made no effort at white costume. He was a handsome aquiline nosed Indian about thirty six years old, but sat almost asleep in the cheering warmth of the fire, cough- ing a regular grave-yard cough from time to time. Most of the braves squatted on the floor, but of those who occupied chairs two were noticeable. Opposite me, next to Hang-a-tah sat one who <[--]dently> felt himself a beau. He wore a red flannel shirt over his buckskins to which various ornamental tags and buttons were attached. This fellow kept stretching his legs and admiring them alternately, yawning to show his teeth, affecting to go to sleep and awaking with a start — all in order to attract the attention of the white squaws. Just beside him sat a very ugly young warrior indeed, who regarded his demonstrations with silent contempt, from beneath his coarse black locks. His one decoration ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B32_F17_p091.jpg) (After Nephi) 10 or 10 1/2 or meeting place there. We parted with our friends at Nephi with real regret. We left there at five o'clock in the frosty starlit morning, or rather we K's were roaming about the garden at that hour. The Presidential party was so large and there was always some one or other so unpunctual that the cortege rarely started within an hour after the time appointed The gray dawn was doing its best to pierce through the fro rime on our carriage windows when we were fairly started. This was the first very long day's journey and the children began to tire of it and to wish themselves back at Nephi before the sun had gained warmth enough to thaw our the glass of one side of our carriage . I had resources against ennui however, and in spite of their indignant [Written in margin] Not the X Married [--]ts &c ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B32_F17_p092.jpg) protests that they were on a party of pleasure, I speedily "put them through their facings" in the multiplication table. And then from a corner in my travelling bag out came their spelling and reading books. A short lesson did neither of them any harm, and did our invalid good, for the monotonous experiences of "Jonas on a Farm" put him into a sound sleep. Then my boys must needs produce their (little) pocket diaries, and begin to recording their adventures in zig-zag characters . But of this they soon tired. Will's ideas came far more fluently than his pen, and Evan complained that the spaces provided for each day in his journal seemed only made he thought, for people who had nothing to do in their lives. "Yes," Willie chimed in, "They would just do for ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B32_F17_p093.jpg) a prisoner who has nothing to say, but "Monday Dark and very cold. Tuesday, Dark and very hot." So the diaries were tucked away under the cushions, (and by this time) the day was warm enough to let the glasses down and look out. All the first part of the day there was little to interest us. The plain spread out as the day before Wide wild and open to the air Which had built up everywhere An under roof of doleful gray. No more teams for Pioche in sight. Far ahead of us a slight cloud of dust indicated President Young's carriage seen across the desert like the smoke of a steamer at sea, while the other carriages of the party lagged equally far behind us in the heavy sand. I took up Mr. William Hickman's confessions and read until an exclamation of ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B32_F17_p094.jpg) delight from the children caused me to look up. We had come to Chicken Creek, where there was a large pond fed by springs. (at which we watered our horses.) The stream rushed out from the pond cutting its way round the side of a hill falling and leaping down many feet, its banks all fringed with stalactites of ice. The sun pierced through the clouds, and sparkled on the water, and the children, with little Mabel descended and rushed over the hilly ridge as if wild with delight. <[---] [---] by a stroll[-] around which too took a stroll around. which the horses were [--]y fed and watered.> We old people strolled soberly along until the <* Chicken Creek is the natative scene of a great Davite massacre> to on our walk: but they did not.> horses were ready. Hickman says his victim Then we began to climb the ascent which separates the Juab from the Sevier Valley, and from the summit looked back over the sunlit plain with Nebo still towering over all the other mountains on the horizon. Then down one long slow descent ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B32_F17_p095.jpg) after another till we came to the Sevier river and halted at the crossing. This river makes takes its rise not very far from where it sinks again, after describing a course somewhat like an eye. I mean the eye of a hook and eye. It sinks in the Sevier Desert, but part of its course running through the Sanpete Country where Joseph A. Young is or- -ganising new settlements. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B32_F17_p096.jpg) The river is sometimes fordable at this point but there is now a good wooden bridge . A few huts are burrowed partly under the hillside, and (there is) a whiskey shanty on the further bank by which some Pioche teams had halted, when we drew up on the hither side. The horses were unyo unharnessed to rest and feed, and we walked about until we were satisfied that there was nothing to see, when we returned to our carriages, and lunched on the bountiful provisions the good Mistresses P. had furnished for us. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B32_F17_p097.jpg) On leaving Nephi some one had thrust a book into the carriage which proved to be Bill a work entitled "Brigham Young's Destroying Angel, Being the Life, Confessions and Startling Disclosures of the Notorious Bill Hickman. Written by Himself." I amused and instructed myself with this work for some time. In its pages I read that my gentle looking host of the preceding r at Nephi had helped Mr. Hickman to murdering a party of six men; aided also by the gentleman who had pressed our dining with him the preceding day, and whose wife's savory fried chickens had been so highly extolled by those of our party who had accepted his hospitality. Mr. Hickman says they buried two of their victims with stones tied to their feet in the one of the very clear "bottomless springs" I had been looking at the day before. And our noon halt was to be made at the spot where the mur- -derous assault was first begun, and two others killed Mr. Hickman's account is circumstantial, and he certainly does not avoid blackening himself in the attempt to damn others. What a curious feeling it was to read Hickman's book in the company of the man whom it was written to accuse of a series of revomurders; a man even now under bail for a heavier amount than ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B32_F17_p098.jpg) was exacted of Jeff Davis. I suppose that Hickman's testimony might have carried great weight with a jury, if he had not discounted the sensation by this publication whose monstrosity is its best reputation. I doubt whether the authorities will ever try Brigham Young. It was generally believed last year that he was running away with the intention of forfeiting his bail; and our Southern trip was supposed to be the first stage of his journey. But he had constant telegraphic communication with Salt Lake City and would have returned instantly if upon an intimation that his case was coming on for trial. The year before, his prompt return travelling night and day to disconcerted official Justice I fancy. I did not believe the truth of what I had been It was a curious commentary on the sanguinary character of the Mormons as described by Hickman, that he is living among them still: indeed, He was at Nephi just before our visit there. Although I did not believe one word of the truth of his accusations, yet I felt myself colour with a feeling of treason that I wronged the kind people about me, when our carriage halted at the Sevier ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B32_F17_p099.jpg) for the brushwood where Hickman said the victims tried to hide themselves, and at the swift river into which the murderers threw three of them. After our dinner, we toiled on all the rest of the day until after darkness set in with no other adventure than that of seeing the four horses in a heavy white covered wagon take fright and, dashing down the rocky road, just missing President Young's carriage, rush up a canon down which we could hear them crashing over the rocks: We had seen enough of our friend "Lo" to know who would be the wreckers of that cargo. when it broke to pieces. It was nearly dark when we reached our halting place for the night. Scipio ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B32_F17_p100.jpg) 12 Transfer to St George as a Christian sister! Such a woman however, would be as unfair an specimen to select as a specimen of "Gentile" women as the energetic and active Mrs J. would be of Mormon women. Ill health or indolence, and cheerful activity are peculiar to neither But a faith that animates the whole being, enabling the woman to be cheerful in spite of adverse circumstances industrious in spite of the languor of ill-health loving God and man and showing it by charity in word and deed; this faith, I thank God, is also pecu- -liar to neither. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B32_F17_p101.jpg) We parted with Mrs Young at the Sevier Crossing , the morning after, and as we looked back upon the group just setting out over ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B32_F17_p102.jpg) were all snow-covered at this time, and that the plains of which she spoke would soon be a grassy sea, of abounding in beautiful flowers. It was hard to realise, they looked so barren <2> wanting the softening effect of trees, <1> both times we halted at the Sevier crossing. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B32_F17_p103.jpg) A better instance to compare would be that of a Mormon woman who was sinking under the burden of care aggravated by ill-health. Such a one was L. - (Let me christen her Louisa) with whom I became intimately acquainted. I do not think any Christian woman would say that she was not one. Let me tell her little story, and judge for yourselves whether you have a stone to throw at her. I know among you, dear Christian women, so many parallel cases, whose bodies are willing victims on the altar of marriage because you are taught to believe that it is your duty. I don't say it isn't: the question will not be solved in my day, nor until women-physicians and women-teachers gain courage to give us their reading of the Law of God. While it is only interpreted to us by men, they will bring before us ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B32_F17_p104.jpg) When we halted, I looked out to see the other carriages. Prest. B. Young's was on the right hand of ours. I presumed they were watering the horses. I sat on the left hand side of ours. Another one of our carriages was further to the left, in the rear of ours. I was leaning out to look back and see who was in it when a stage coach intercepted my view and rolled up alongside of our carriage. The front wheels passed ours, and the hind wheels would have done so, but that a swerve was given to the stage that carried it closer and made its hind wheel strike the projecting box of our front wheel roughly. I thought it was done on purpose, for a piece of mischief, and exclaimed half aloud "Why, the fellow!" meaning the stage driver. I looked up, thought the inside passengers—some red faced men—looked amused. I supposed they had been drinking with the driver, and that he pleased ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B32_F17_p105.jpg) them by showing off an insult to the Mormon's: not knowing that we were the only people in the com- -pany who were not Mormons. It was a decided swerve, I do not think it was accidental; that is, if the driver was sober. E.D. Kane ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B32_F17_p106.jpg) In the evening Kanosh made a formal visit to K. accompanied by several members ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B32_F17_p107.jpg) Fillr An abrupt descent into and out of the bed of Chalk Creek brought us into Fillmore. I ought to have been impressed by Fillmore, formerly the Territorial Capital: I ought to have been reminded of the fact by the big red <"granite"> sandstone building we passed where the Legislative Assembly used to assemble: I ought to have some idea of the size and population of the town; its manufactures, and so forth. I vaguely remember the big red building, I remember perfectly two Honestly: this is what I remember. The place was on a rising ground backed above the plain and backed by peaked mountains. I remember that I saw the big red building, I noticed two new Cockney looking villas in process of erection, having tower bow windows, verandah, dormer windows, recessed porch and broken roof: features enough to weary my the eye without allowing it to rest on a yard of unbroken surface; I remarked the contrast with the a house where we halted, where the windows were à fleur de tête, and the eaves projected scarcely six inches beyond the dull unpointed brick walls; the only attempt at orna- -ment being given by the hideous landscapes on the painted window shades. Some Indians lounged against the fence, kicking the dust lazily And I remember The mistress stood in the doorway a large loosely-built matron <"standing with reluctant feet"> on the uninteresting border land between middle and old age. She rather made way for us to enter, than welcomed us into her house. We found the parlour in keeping with the exterior of the house, and heated almost to suffocation by ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B32_F17_p108.jpg) a large sheet iron stove— My hostess and her husband were among the first settlers in Fillmore. Their children were all married and settled away from them, and she complained wofully of the troubles of housekeeping unaided: including by inference amons that of entertaining myself. While she I heartily wished her relieved of it! When she came in to announce that our meal was served, she found the parlor full of company. Several Mormons had come in to visit K. among others one who acted as sub-agent Two Indians emboldened by his presence had followed him like privileged dogs, and when we rose to move into the dining room they manifested an intention of accompanying us. I looked helplessly at Mrs — who rose a hundred per cent in my estimation by the tact <& kindness> she showed. She said a few words in Indian which re-seated the Indians made the fellows at once squat down again, huddling their blankets round them with a pleased look their faces had not yet worn. I a I asked her what she had said; it was "These strangers came first and I have only cooked enough for them, but your meal is cooking now, and I will call you as soon as it is ready." She fulfilled her promise and I saw them eating at her table when we had finished our meal. These Pah-vants, she said, could behave themselves at table with as much propriety as Mormons: indeed many of them are Mormons, Paa Kanosh among the number. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B32_F17_p109.jpg) July 16 The sun was sinking when we reached Cove Creek Fort and drove in under the archway. K. soon called me outside to see the Fort look at the sunset and see how lonely a place we were in the Fort It lay in a volcanic basin they say the crater of an extinct volcano. All round it were oddly peaked ragged looking mountains glowing in purple and gold, looking no more substantial than the cloud mountains of sunset with wh[--] they mingled. Further on the road we were to travel next day, some wagons were en- -camped, their supper fires already kindled. At the foot of a hill near by a solitary thread of smoke beside a single "wick-i-up", as the Utes call their skin lodges—showed where lay a young Indian who had shot himself in the thigh the day before. All Round the fort were fields with very strong high fences; outside it on the North was a very large barn with a well stocked yard its haystacks surrounded by a stockade. Our teams ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B32_F17_p110.jpg) were being led in, to the discomposure of some cows who had a proprietary air, as they moved reluctantly aside to let the intruders enter. The smoke of their warmbreath made a little cloud in the cold frosty air. There was a broad sheet of ice to recross before re-entering the Fort, and I wondered whence the water came, as I saw none near. The Fort has a gray stone walls pointed with white about thirty feet high, adorned with tall chimneys North & South; and with two great gateways opening East and West. Over one is inscribed "Cove Creek Fort Ranche 1867. Entering the large courtyard we found it filled with our vehicles. Six doors opened to the North , giving admission to large comfortable bedrooms. I was not sorry to see a magnificent pitch pine fire blazing on the ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B32_F17_p111.jpg) the snowy plain for their remote settlement I felt profoundly sad. The elegantly-dressed young creature, with her baby clasped in her arms seemed no less proud of it than happy her husband did of her. Yet it seemed a desolate prospect for her to journey over that lonely country to a rough new settlement among the savages, and her gentle manners and refined ways made one feel for what she must undergo. She has trouble too, having married one of Brigham Young's sons and being an earnest Mormon herself, while her father and mother having left the Church and Utah, are among the most eloquent antagonists of Mormonism. She seemed entirely contented, and praised her new home as much as if it had been in one of our sweet forest valleys , instead of the dreary valleys of Utah. K. reminded me that our valleys too ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B32_F17_p112.jpg) were all snow-covered at this time, and that the plains of which she spoke would soon be a grassy sea, abounding in beautiful flowers It was hard to realise; they looked so barren wanting the softening effect of trees. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B32_F17_p113.jpg) hearth in mine, for the Fort is <6000?—I forget how many ungenial feet> 6000 ft above tide, and the night was very cold. Our room was very nicely furnished, and looked very cosy that winter night as we drew our chairs up around the little table which had a number of well chosen books upon it. The children were pleased to recognise another of the pretty <2> pink <1> fringed linen table covers of which so many had already greeted us on our journey, and wondered whether the "Co-Op" had bought a large invoice from Claflin that we found them thus broadcast through the Territory: It made us feel New York quite near us. We were summoned to supper on the other side of the Fort, where a similar range of rooms was devoted to cooking, telegraphing and stores. We supped in the telegraph office ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B32_F17_p114.jpg) Scipio. not be already in posession. Two friendly rocks however interposed on either side the canyon and halted the frightened horses, and our party jogged quietly on till we reached Scipio. Scipio, or Round Valley, is the poorest and newest of the settlements we stopped at, and has been much troubled with Indians. The Mormons say "troubled with Indians" as we would "troubled with Mosquitoes". No one had been killed there for four years back, though cattle had been driven off that year, we were told. The Bishop came riding out to meet us, a handsome kindly-faced man, on a horse that moved K's admiration. We were taken to the house of his second wife, a little one-roomed log cabin with a lean-to behind. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B32_F17_p115.jpg) June 30 There all the cooking was done. The room was given up to us. Its main glory consisted in a wide chimney place, on whose hearth a fire of great pine logs blazed that sent a ruddy glow over the white-washed logs of the wall and canvas ceiling, and penetrated every corner of the room with delicious light and warmth. There was a substantial bed- -stead in one corner, and curtains were tacked from the ceiling round it as if it had been a four-poster, of old-fashioned chintz, and a neat patchwork spread counterpane covered the soft feather bed. A good rag carpet was on the floor, clean white curtains in the windows and clean white covers edged with knitted lace covered the little bracket shelves that supported Bible, Book of Mormon, work-basket, looking glass, and a few lit simple ornaments. Two or three coloured prints hung on the walls. Then there was a ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B32_F17_p116.jpg) Mr. Liston—says of candle-bush. It has an Indian name is a great remedy for gravel. Hamblin very ill—Tetsgub a "visionary" went: got some candlebush biled all night in brass kettle gave to drink in morning outlet in 20 min: never attacked again must have been in '58 or '57. Beaver Dam Thomas recollects you: he lives here Rufus Allen too he is now on the Muddy Mike tigh-a-buh Friend; how d'yi do. Huntingdon "tig-a-boo-friend" "I said Mike-e-neah" Party—Co ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B32_F17_p117.jpg) by hunger, and of the carefully measured portion that had been meted to each member of the household being again subdivided to share a portion with the hungry bachelor. guest Mrs Mary had not remained long in the Salt Lake Valley. Theirs was one of the first families detailed to establish the Salt Creek, now Nephi, settlement, and the crumbling adobe wall we had passed was that of the fort in which they used to take refuge from the Indians. Yes "We moved our log house twice on account of the Indians, "said Mr. Steerforth, turning to K, "we were living inside the fort when you came through. to make the peace." A neighbour sitting by, now reminded K. that he too had met him before, twenty odd years ago at Sarpyi trading post, and again at Cedar Springs in '58 when he went through Utah in disguise, and that he travelled with him then for two weeks. He was a handsome, stalwart fellow and told me that he had been a member of the battalion K. raised among the Mormons for the Mexican War. Poor fellows: they marched from the Missouri to California - as far as I could gather following very nearly the line now proposed for the South Pacific RR. and the war ending in the meantime, were dis- ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B32_F17_p118.jpg) wife -charged after being in the service twenty months, at a point away down near Los Angeles, whence they found their way with great difficulty to the Mormon settlements, Many of them found that their wives and children had perished on the way through the wilderness in their absence; others had struggled to the end and wlecomed the footsore wayfaring returning soldiers to tiny homes. This man had helped to raise the first United States flag in California, on the old Castle of Los Angeles, he said. They had a pole of trees spliced together that was a hundred feet long. They dragged it seventy-five miles. He hoped then that the <[---]> would be a blessing to the nations; wanted all to share its benefits. He had always loved and served the United States, and felt that by this time — he was about fifty, — he ought to have a citizen's rights. Yet he had never voted for a President; because their religious views prevented their being accepted as a State, when other Territories with a less population had been. Indignant Protest of Mormons. Loyalty. He wished to appeal to me for my opinion, but I preferred the waived any political discussion, and changed the subject. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B32_F1_p001.JPG) When I began these pages on Thanksgiving Day I contemplated writing our whole story at length. I meant to make my first pause at The Burning of the Mill, which - marking the time when we abandoned lumbering as our chief occupation - appeared to designate a close for One Act of the Big Job. A Second Act might have continued the narrative of our ef- forts to found a Settlement. A Third I thought would have shown The Settlement made: The Curtain falling upon our sorrowing departure; the Big Job ended. But my story, being a true one - did not close as I expected. As I was writing it, the arrangement of my materials was taken out of my hands. The winter months whose heavy hours I beguiled by narrating its beginning have seen its actual close. Thank God, the opening Spring brings me better work than writing our Farewell to Kane! ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B32_F1_p002.JPG) I believed The Big Job was to end sadly for us. Instead of this our rights have been partially made good, and we find ourselves rich. Lands, money, reputation, troops of friends, resources which, though honestly earned seemed to have been taken away or jostled into ruinous confusion, prove not to have been lost to us. - The years that we spent in working so hard and apparently to so little purpose have not been wasted. And now the pieces of our Dissected Map of Life seem to be fitting into each other rapidly, and it already spreads out before us fair to look upon. Tom is free to work God's work. The Hospital of our planning we can establish; there are sick, maimed and halt to whom we have the power to be useful outside of Hospitals. I shall not even have time to devote to a description of The School, the new Cottages, the Swedes' Settlement - there are things to do better than describing what has been done. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B32_F1_p003.JPG) Yet a few words of thanks to those who were good to us I must set down. I will also endeavor to close the histories of those who first tried the wilderness with us, and note the beginnings of those who occupy the farms of Nye Svevia* and the cottages of our pretty little town. - Let me go back to the month after The Fire. It was hard to realise that there was to be no pause in our Life, that we must resume our burden and go on. Everybody seemed to take it for granted that our interest in their daily concerns was to be the same as ever. I expected comfort in soothing letters from our nearest-relatives, and waited for them with uneasy expecta- tion that was destined to the same disappointment as Lilli-* bridge experienced when his Big Job ended. Mother Kane, and my father *Lillibridge of Port Allegany? *NYE SVEVIA OR SVEYA? ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B32_F1_p004.JPG) were both impulsive people. They certainly were sorry for our misfortune, but obeying their impulse they scolded us heartily. "Fallen!" exclaims the Nurse - "Couldn't help it? Must I always tell you to be careful? Don't let me catch you doing it again !" Such was the spirit of the letters of these Job's Comfor- ters. Our knees were s adly bruised, but no healing application was made: not even the "kiss to make it well" which comforts the grown child for his unlucky tumble as well as the little one. Our friends deemed it prudent that we should economise. And to this end they conduced in manner and form following; to wit: Within a week of the fire we were warned to expect Dr, and Mrs S two children and two servants. Mother we wished to con- sider herself as always at home, so that we hardly called her coming that of of a guest. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B32_F1_p005.JPG) But when Mrs. F. wrote that she had persuaded "Sam" to take a holiday trip, and that he and she and their son of fifteen would "drop in" for a few days, I really thought a few of Job's tents would have been acceptable. Indeed, I had taken credit to myself for accommodating the ten persons constituting our own household, in the wing that was habitable. Perhaps the effort to pack in ten more was beneficial to me. I contrived to do it, though my husband and I had to sleep in the bathroom, and Mr. and Mrs F. and their son in the kitchen. It had never been used yet, and was a pretty room, and I gave them the little buttery for a dressing-room, I kept all the servants and my culinary depart- ment over in the barn*, where the vestibule and dining-room knocked into one, made a pleasant enough dining hall with the aid of whitewash. All through the summer we passed over to *Gen. Thos. L. K. and family lived in the barn while their house was being planned and built. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B32_F1_p006.JPG) every meal under the overarching boughs. It was very pleasant in sunny weather, and when it rained we made merry over the ap- pearance we presented trooping along under umbrellas. The F's visit was prolonged. Mary, the wife, was suddenly taken ill; and after we were relieved of anxiety about her it was deemed necessary that she should not risk the journey home. I think they stayed six weeks. How I repented myself afterwards of the evil spirit I showed when I heard that they were coming. Never had people received angels more unawares! I had always shunned the F's as vulgar noisy people. During the war I had been drawn towards them by the patriotism they displayed. And they had gratified me by the strong sympathy they showed for my husband at a time when he was wronged by the Washington politicians. Now the younger Kanes and I had ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B32_F1_p007.JPG) often hurt each other's pride, they by speaking contemptuously of "persons in trade", and I in return by obtruding purposely at unseasonable times that I was of the "trading class". My father was a Wall Street banker, whereas Mr. F. was a sugar-broker, a lower deep still. I pitied Tom, the most refined and sensitive of all the Kanes, doomed to such unintellectual companionship. Judge of my surprise when I found the two warm hearts meeting on a level, and that the good Samaritan one of Mr. F's set-itself to work binding up my husbands torn and bruised one. He was not spiritual, nor well-read, not logical - probably he may have been ungrammatical; but his warm sympathy thawed through the frigid reserve in which we tried to lock up our sorrow. I suppose a man of tact would have kept silence, seeing that we did so, but he never pretended to cleverness, and as he took an interest in us, saw no reason why ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B32_F1_p008.JPG) he should not manifest it. So he asked questions, and was not satisfied with half-answers. Like my father hs considered a man without commercial knowledge as slightly deficient, not a complete being, as it were. But he warmly praised the business activity Tom had shown, and encouraged him to persevere. Instead of speak- ing as if our misfortunes might have been avoided, had we adopted this or that course, he only regretted that such a mind as Tom's should be tied down to the small mututiae I pressed upon his at- tention. "Instead of these penny savings, Mrs. Kane, the Gener- al should be handling the dollars by thousands, and leaving the cents to clerks!" He showed the sincerity with which he spoke by his actions. Finding at what high rates Tom was borrowing he offered to provide money from time to time, endorsing Tom's notes himself. And he helped Tom to dispose of some of his coal property. Indeed she should feel they had entertained an Angel unaware as St. Paul said. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B32_F1_p009.JPG) Only one other person had manifested such disinterested kindness. My brother Walter as I have written in its place, had sent me a thousand dollars just when that February thaw came and our contractors were failing. It came in a note containing a few warm, loving lines that comforted our hearts. (How we enjoyed paying it back with interest, when our moneys began to come in!) - Mr. F. and he kept us from disbelieving in our fellow men! And Mary F. was worthy to be her husband's wife. She was as genial as sunshine, and her cheerfulness benefited me daily. God bless them both! But for their encouragement I fear that our guest Dr. Shields could not have been borne by us. The burden of his doubts, his suspicions he felt called to lay so heavily upon my husband - manifesting not the slightest consciousness that Tom had troubles of his own! On Sunday mornings Sam F. loved to ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B32_F1_p00II.JPG) Pictures & Sketches in Original Writing 7 pictures lay loose in the front of the original writ- ing. All are unlabelled except one, which is described as "1866 School House & Church Estate of the McKean and Elk Land of Improvement Company" 1 picture lies loose at page 25 (unlabelled) 1 sketch "Prepared for the Commissioners of Sergeant Township" lies loose at page 120, and is a "Proposed road to Cumminsville & Sheffield. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B32_F1_p00III.JPG) Volume II "Sur le chapelet de tes peines, Bonhomme, point de larmes vaines." - "N'ai je point sujet de pleurer? Las! mon ami vient d'expirer." - "Tu vois la'-bas une chaumine: Cours vite en chasser la famine: Et perds en voute, grain a' grain, Le noir chapelet du chagrin." ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B32_F1_p010.JPG) assemble the children on the piazza or under the trees teaching them hymns to the liveliest tunes, and reading them Bible stories; and oh, the scorn with which Dr. S. beheld him! I believe he thought Mr. F. profaned the solemnity of the Sabbath by the cheer- fulness of the children's chiming voices, and by reading the Bible as if the facts it contained were of real everyday inter- est. No one could bring a similar charge against the Doctor's own manner of reading the sacred story - it might have been a Runic Rhyme for any emotion that his palatal tones evinced. They were both members of our Presbyterian sect. Ask Mr. F. concerning his belief and he could only state it in the words of the Catechism he learned in childhood. He thought he believed its sternest dogmas. He accepted the idea of a Hell with real and eternal flames, and therefore felt bound to lose no oppor- tunity of keeping people out of it. He felt that his ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B32_F1_p011.JPG) Saviour was a living person, not far off from any of us, and, endeavoring as he did to walk humbly with this ever present God he strove to bring others to the same happy way of life. Dr S. had entered the ministry fresh from college, with no knowledge of life outside its walls. The only son of a de- vout mother, who had brought him up to contemplate life as best spent in being a clergyman, he had entered upon his profession without deep thought. While his early zeal lasted and while his mother lived he had preached sermons that were eagerly lis- tened to, poetical, allegorical sermons, rhetorical and logical addresses, delivered with the fervor of one who is satisfied with the style as well as the substance of what he says. But as he grew older, and studied more deeply, a change came upon him. This was a time when his sermons greatly pleased Judge Kane, who could not ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B32_F1_p012.JPG) sufficiently praise them as models of calm reasoning, and sound exposition of the doctrine. That period passed and a third began, of doubt and anxiety. He was an honest man, and while he preached and prayed, one who knew him could discern the constant struggle to say as much as he could conscientiously in conformity with the doctrines of his sect, and to avoid imparting to his hearers the doubts that beset him. He was unhappy enough to be unable to realise that the new wine which was fermenting in his heart was undergoing a natural and healthful process. Instead of trying to give it room to work he sought to compress and to confine it. An explosion or vinegar - one of these was sure to result. Had he begun life as a College Professor he might have followed out his trains of thought, wrestling with the Truth where he encountered it, heedless what lamed sinew might suf- ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B32_F1_p013.JPG) *Refers to Jacob's wrestling with an Angel according to Book of Genesis fer if the Angel would be reveal Himself at last.* But the poor fellow was hampered by the necessities of his position. Christianity was his trade. The sincere milk of the Word is apt to curdle - the Heavenly Manna to corrupt when not used as it was intended. He had to preach his two sermons weekly, keeping within the limits of Presbyterian theology in all he taught. He fancied he should be freer in the Episcopalian Church. His wife, a rigidly orthodox Presbyterian combated the idea with vehemence. Then by an intricate process of ratiocination he arrived at the knowledge that he was totally unsuited to his place as well as unhappy in it. Unfortunately for his comfort his flock had arrived at the same conclusion. No oaf so dull that he cannot detect when the man who announces to him the glad tidings of salvation does so with a doubting heart. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B32_F1_p014.JPG) So the flock wished to be rid of the pastor, and his feel- ings were wounded by the intimations he frequently received that his sheep were straying to other folds - and that the pew rents were falling off. His personal wants were few - he would not have missed comforts if they had been withdrawn,- but unfortunately a wife and children looked to him for daily bread and fashion- able clothing. And personal animosities and jealousies came in to perplex his troubled soul further. He had written a book about "The Unknowable", the perusal of which made me heartily glad that the Bible was written for the unlearned. To the Learned, "Philosophia Ultima" may be an instructive work, but I could derive no comfort from belief in the untangible, "viewless essence thin and bare" which it pre- sented as God. I trust that he has since learned under sharper sorrows still to know God the ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B32_F1_p015.JPG) *cousin Sam Field who seemed to always have been a model of decency and kindness. loving Father who is interested in his daily life. I think he would have behaved in a more Christian spirit if he had realised God's existence in Sam. F's* limited everyday fashion. As it was he seemed to be souring fast. Tom had patience with him, though I do not know whether he has yet acquired enough Christian charity to learn with pleas- ure how much of Tom's patience he owed to F's reflected sunshine. All through the golden summer weather he worried us by his com- plaining jealousy - the acrimony of his remarks upon the World. The World had not petted us: we could not speak of it with the bitternessof cast-off favorites. But Tom, so to speak, con- trived to loosen the bung, and let the air of his own free mind enter in time to save the Doctor's wine. It isn't a full bodied vintage but it is sound. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B32_F1_p016.JPG) He made up his mind while with us to resign his pastorate, and his resignation, one must confess, was accepted with mortifying eagerness. But he has since found his proper place among the growing youth of Princeton College. Helping them to seek the truth he has found it himself, and while he decants to them from his stored supplies a new harvest is ripening in his heart, which promises a mellower wine in the future. Our household differed as much in politics as in religion. The Fs. and ourselves were Black Republicans, Mother a strong Democrat, and Dr S - professing his belief that a minister of the Gospel should take no part in politics, betrayed himself at the same time to be a "conservative". His wife called herself a Democrat from pride in her family traditions, but believed the Republicans ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B32_F1_p017.JPG) were in the right, having lived with relations in the Slave States. Feeling strongly, but knowing little of the tenets of either party, she generally denounced in conversation the party to which her interlocutor belonged by way of "preserving an unbiassed judgment." She was unhappy at this time, ailing in health, anxiously dreading the loss of their income if Dr S. should leave his con- gregation, and lest he should drift into Episcopalianism. More- over she had not yet adapted herself to her changed position in life. She had been an only daughter, petted and indulged all her days. She was proud of her family; excessively proud of her brothers who excelled in all mental and physical accomplish- ments. She herself had the training of an Amazon, and scorned feminine weaknesses. And it ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B32_F1_p018.JPG) had been her portion, at the age of thirty, to love and marry a man of no family, a dreamy student utterly destitute of worldly knowledge; who scarcely knew a horse from a cow, whose awkward movements would craze a dancing master, and who could not apprec- iate one tone of her exquisite voice when she sang. She who had exulted in her freedom, ridiculing her kinswomen sitting contentedly among their babies, found herself one of Eve's family, a fruitful mother and unable to help glorying in her bondage. It was a half-comic, half pathetic sight to witness the shy rapture of maternal love with which she welcomed baby lips to her white breast. Clorinda might have looked so clasping Tancred's child, but for the sword that ended her brave life. My Clorinda sometimes chafed a little ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B32_F1_p019.JPG) I thought, when she compared my husband with her own. Mated to such a one as Tom she would have been a queen among women, like that "starlike spirit." Mated with S. she at this time ran great risk of turning out a virago. She fiercely protested against his "deserting his colours." Her strong natural affec- tion kept her loyal to him, but she sometimes treated him as a cow does her calf, licking it tenderly at one moment and anon knocking it down as too stupid for her to be patient with it longer. I used to wonder at Tom's patience often, but his troubles softened his heart, and made it abound in compassion to others. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B32_F1_p019a.JPG) JAMES MILL Soon after the destruction of our Mill, that of Mr James at Highland blew up. Tom rode over at once to tender his sympathy and aid. Mr. James told me afterwards that he "was clean beat out with trouble" when Tom rode up and put fresh heart in him, so that he could look round and determine what was best to be done. Tom said he had seldom seen a more dismal sight. The High- land Mill stands far remote from any dwelling except that belonging to the owner in the centre of a hemlock forest. The mill was shattered by the explosion. At some distance from it stood a group of dead trees, their trunks bare of branches to the top. Far up one of these ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B32_F1_p019b.JPG) dead trees - as much as 60 feet above the ground - a ghastly broken body hung across a forked bough. It was that of the un- fortunate engineer who had been blown up so far as to lodge in the tree top in falling downwards again. James and his sons were consulting how to get the corpse down. In the house Mrs James sat crying over her baby, and wondering how they were to feed the ten hungry children now that the mill was gone. Like our- selves they had put in all they had, and were left with a large stock of logs, and no means of manufacturing them. At this time Tom had been so much inspirited by Mr. Fields as to have resolved upon remaining here. He had secured bet- ter machinery than we had before, and was putting up a new mill. He counselled James to ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B32_F1_p020.JPG) do the same, sending him the engine of our old mill, which was little injured by the fire, as well as our machinist to set it up and put it in complete order. Tom told him he need not trouble himself to pay for it, until he sold his lumber. James' partner Evans was worse off even than he. He was to receive a share in the profits in return for his labour; and now found himself without a penny, but with a wife and four children to maintain. He was a temperate fellow and had been living poor- ly. So he settled down into a melancholy. His wife moved softly about, her black eyes brimming with the tears she dared not shed, lest the sight of her wretchedness should rouse him into sui- cidal frenzy. She was so much in the habit of depending on Mr. Evans in every trouble, that she felt ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B32_F1_p021.JPG) helpless indeed when he became the crown of trouble to her. Tom stepped in to their aid, settling Evans as sawyer of the new mill, and placing his wife at the head of the boarding- house for our mill hands. The father and daughters who had kept it for us since the Dunbars left, had been chiefly intent on matrimonial shcemes. In Kane more marriages take place than one could easily be- lieve, but I suppose the reason is that our population is chiefly made up of strong young people who have no old people dependent upon them. - Marsh and his daughters mar- ried to their own satisfaction, and left - oh such a dirty house! It really aroused Evans from his deep dejection, when he found what swarming vermin his clean Welsh wife had to subdue. The weather was warm: they turned the furniture out of doors and encamped among it themselves. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B32_F1_p022.JPG) For several nights they slept in the open air, while the white- washing and brimstone burning went on. Evans did not relapse into depression, his wife grew rosy, and so did the children. They are now among the "upper ten" of Kane, citizens who can be relied upon to be on the side of good at all times. The loss of the first Mill kept me from taking so much interest in its successor, and I shall not dwell upon its per- formances. It was a finer building than the old one and had a complete sash factory with extensive carpenter-shops adjoining it which cost over $20,000. We built it to aid us in settling the place, hoping also to reclaim some of the money invested in cut logs. We had to give building lumber to most of our poor farmers free of charge. Tom gave the lumber and the lot upon which the Catholics ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B32_F1_p023.JPG) raised their church in Kane. Several people in the village too obtained their lots and lumber -- either in the capacity of good citizens who would benefit the place, or poor devils whom we desired to benefit. One very poor devil who came in our way was a certain "Hussey". He came to us recommended solely by his having been a prisoner at Andersonville. The "wayward sister's" conduct had not yet ceased to irritate us of the North. Gaunt figures were straying up towards their homes, and their looks spoke as plainly as their lips could do of the treatment they had endured. You would have supposed Captain Hussey to be in the last stage of a consumption. You could see the jointing of the jaw under his hollowed temples, you could not keep ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B32_F1_p024.JPG) his great teeth out of your sight, for his shrunken lips but half covered them. His limbs, or rather the bones of his legs and arms seemed to be thinly clad, his raiment hung so loosely on them. His voice was so low and husky that you felt inclined to prompt him, saying "Whisper it, Sir, and I am sure I will hear you better." Surely a man who had suffered so much for his country must be virtuous, I thought. And then he talked so well, was so patri- otic, and so devoutly minded! I felt that Tom showed no sym- pathy for his pious utterances, and was grieved that my husband did not share my joy that Hussey had abandoned papistry. I am afraid Tom called him a Humbug, when his pathos was most seraphic. When Tom employed him to sell Lots in the village ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B32_F1_p025.JPG) I sympathised in his regret that my husband tied him up so strictly in the Agreement, and gave him so little discretion. I was inclined to blame Tom, but he knew better than I did. Hussey sold a few lots, requiring only a payment of 5 per cent (the amount of his commission) and promised in return all sorts of privileges to the purchasers. Then he asked Tom in his whin- ing way to loan him a few hundred dollars more and failing to obtain them, shook the dust of Kane from his feet and departed, mourned by all his creditors. I do not think any of his settlers ever took their lots. The only ones in whom I took an interest were the Callahans. The father and mother were cousins, and the handsome, dark-haired children resembled both parents. One of the sons, a boy of eighteen, was sent up here from the Phila- delphia Blind Asylum, of which he was a pupil, in the hope that "the pure mountain air might cure his cough" - as the brother who guided him to Tom said. But it was too ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B32_F1_p026.JPG) late, he was already dying, and passed away in a month or two, bearing his sufferings with quiet fortitude to the last. Another brother who was studying for the priesthood came over from the Seminary at Cattaraugus to attend his funeral. The train was delayed on the road, the fires in the cars went out and the lad caught cold. I felt for his mother, whose pride and darling he was. When Tom and I went to the house we found him lying on the same bed where we had so often seen the dead brother of whom he was the image, and the few days of his illness had suf- ficed to reduce him to a state of hopeless weakness. One afternoon his eldest brother came for me. The lad knew that he was dying, and having heard a report that I could photograph, was very anxious that I should take his likeness for his mother. I regretted the lateness of the hour and ex- plained that I never ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B32_F1_p027.JPG) Experience of an Amateur Photographer took portraits. But Callahan persisted. If I would only make the attempt, he said, the boy would be satisfied. So of course I yielded and hastily preparing my chemicals, set off on the long walk. I found the doors and windows of the cabin all open, and the poor young Seminarist dressed and reclining in a rocking chair as he watched for me. His mother was fanning him, and a breeze was stirring the leaves, and lifting the curtain beside him, but his breast heaved as if he were stifling. It was a sorrowful sight and I could scarcely refrain from weeping as I looked at him. I saw that the sun was too low, and the shadow of the forest too deep to obtain a good picture, and that it was idle to tor- ture the poor boy to sit before my slow-working landscape lens. I proposed to come again early in the morning, but I knew in my heart ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B32_F1_p027a.JPG) that the darkness would not turn to light again in this world for him. He said quite simply that he "should not live till morning, and Mother fancied she would prefer a picture taken now while he could show his love." So I had his chair drawn close to a window looking to the West, that the last rays of the setting sun might light up his wasted face and large dark eyes, as he leaned his head upon his mother's breast, looking out upon the world for the last time. My picture was faint, but distinct enough to be worth keep- ing. I put it aside to be finished afterwards, and took my leave. In the morning they brought me word that he was gone, and the mother craved the picture. I took it to give it a last bath, and alas, the film began to separate from the glass, and in a ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B32_F1_p028.JPG) few seconds the shadowy token of the poor boy's love had disap- peared. Poor Mrs Callahan had little time to spend in grief. Her baby sickened, and died, and then her husband, and in a short time she and her three remaining children left Kane. Tom tried various plans for settling the neighborhood. Judge Schulze, a fat Dutchman from St Mary's proposed to colonise the place with Germans, but his plans were too "sharp" to suit Tom. Meanwhile a knot of Tom's Bucktails who had come in to work for him, were marrying and settling in Kane. I have already spoken of Corporal Joe Barnes, and his Lucy. Tom Ryan and John McDonough married, one the elder daughter of Marsh, the widower who kept our boarding house for a short time, and the other married ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B32_F1_p029.JPG) one of the lovely daughters of a rough teamster named Galvin. The other "Galvin Girl" married John Brooder a young man from Turtle Point, and the three families took up their abode in Kane. Turtle Point is an Irish settlement, Catholic and rowdy, whence Tom recruited some of his daredevil soldiers. From Turtle Point Kane received another Bucktail citizen - Jim Landrigan. My husband, looking at his thewes and sinews, always tells me that Jim is a very handsome man. But to me he is singularly plain, for he can only use one eye, and the blind one does not proclaim itself as such but appears to be possessed of a roving commission and to roll in its orbit independent of the other. I do not dispute Jem's stature, or his strength, and my grati- tude to him for saving Tom's life once during the war makes me always mention him as a ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B32_F1_p030.JPG) fine looking fellow. But if you were to come upon him in a lone- ly road I am afraid you would think you were encountering an ill-favored ruffian. Jim's people are decent farmer folk, and in his early manhood he had a thriving farm, and a sweet little wife they tell me. She died after a year of married life, and poor Jim was wretched. He plunged into dissipation, not of the genteel Monte-Christo sort, you may be sure. He gave up farm - ing and became known "down the river" as one of the most skilled raftsmen, and most uproarious of roysterers. It was known that Jim could take any grown man by the waistband of his trousers and throw him over his head. Jim was a democrat of course and enlisted rather to follow Colonel Kane than with any definite view of the cause for which he fought. He was pointed out to me, the first time I ever saw him, as the sentinel who having vainly tried to divert Tom's attention, from a battery he was observing through a ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B32_F1_p031.JPG) Brave Doctor Freeman telescope to the fact that a "reb" was aiming at him, quietly interposed his huge bulk between his slender Colonel and the enemy. The shot missed its aim, but I was not the less grateful to Jim. Again, when I went up the Shenandoah Valley when Tom was taken prisoner, the Bucktails told me that Jim was perfec- tly beside himself. His grief took the same form as it did when his wife died; he drank and when intoxicated mounted Tom's horse Clarion and careered over the country careless of meeting friend or foe. No one of his comrades dared to check him, but at length Dr. Freeman interfered. He is as brave as man can be, and he took the horses away from Jim by force; and shamed him into sobriety. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B32_F1_p031a.JPG) When the Bucktails were disbanded and poor swollen Jim made his way to Kane I anticipated the unspoken wish I knew was in Tom's generous heart, and urged him to employ and try to reform him. It seemed a hopeless task with Whiskeytown so near the boarding house and ourselves so far off on our hill top, and one day Tom decided to take Jim to live in our own house. How we rejoiced over the change! Our cheerful kitchen, Tom's encouraging eye always upon him, and the dear little children round about him, seemed to be a panacea. He grew cheerful, and kept sober. By and bye he was made Constable, and who so anxious to abolish the dens at Whiskeytown as Jim! Jim's priest made him take the pledge for a year. It was pleasant to see him on a Sunday afternoon strolling under the trees with a couple ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B32_F1_p033.JPG) of our little ones perched on his shoulders, or lying on the grass whittling toys for the little group. By and bye I brought up some new servants from New York, and one of them, a tall lithe girl soon fascinated Jim. In little more than six weeks from their introduction to each other she was speaking of the first Mrs Landrigan's daguerreotype with the half-pitying, half affectionate triumph of one who had succeeded to her place, and the old wedding-ring that Jim had worn since he received it from her dying hands shone on Lizzie's finger. Theirs was a very decent quiet courtship. They were married in the autumn, and lived on with us till the next spring. I acted as bridesmaid, for Cook Eliza who was to have officiated, was late. This woman was always late, and I had warned her that this was not an occas- ion when she could safely ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B32_F1_p034.JPG) procrastinate. I washed up her dishes, and set off myself with the children for the chapel. The bride and groom had finished their confession, the church was crowded, and the hungry priest announced that the "wadding must go forrwarrd." No Eliza yet! Jim came towards me, Lizzie rose in her place with an appealing look. I asked him if a married woman would do for a bridesmaid, and when he joyfully assented I went forward to the altar with them, drew off the bride's glove, and stood beside her. The priest, a stout old Frenchman made them a little address after the ceremony. He was a ludicrous enough figure in his tight skirt, looking as if corsets and a hoop would improve him greatly. He stood with his eyes half shut, tilting backwards and forwards on heel and toe, and touching his palms together as he spoke. But in spite of his appearance, and his ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B32_F1_p035.JPG) odd pronunciation, he gave the newly wedded pair five minutes of excellent practical counsel. How sincerely I prayed that they might be governed by it! I knew that Lizzie would keep a bright and cheerful home for Jim, but I feared she was as heedless in money matters as he was. As we resumed our seats after retiring from the altar, Eliza came in and sat down behind us, ready at last. Poor Eliza! She had spent more than one month's wages on her bridesmaid's dress, and had planned so pleasant a trip to Turtle Point with the bride! At first she did not realise that the ceremony was over, and her hissing whisper of startled inquiry, and the mut- tered growl of reply from her incensed groomsman were almost too much for my gravity. How angry she was with the priest for proceeding without her! ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B32_F1_p036.JPG) She had fostered the engagement and felt as if it would not have taken place without her aid. Now she was deserted, and Lizzie had not only proceeded with the marriage but seemed to expect her to tender an apology instead of being penitent herself. Her looks were very tearful when I parted from the wedding guests at the church door, but I thought she would for- get her grief during her week's holiday. But next day she re-appeared in the kitchen, having been jested at until her patience gave way. Her own special cavalier, too, another ex- Bucktail, had devoted himself to a younger and fairer damsel, and she left the party in a rage. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B32_F1_p036a.JPG) III Lizzie and Jem came back from their wedding trip looking very happy, and very respectable, and we were happy in be- lieving him saved. It was a pleasure to see them walking to their church together, and both seemed to work with double earnestness. But not many months after it was ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B32_F1_p037.JPG) Jim's duty to go to Smethport as Constable in Court week. Sev- eral of our Whiskeytown men were "presented". They had laid their plans to be revenged on Jim, whose secession to the ranks of temperance robbed them of the leader of the Irishry in Kane. They came to him each in turn avowing that they bore no malice - though he was doing them an ill turn as constable. Each offered to give a glass of Beer - and Jim eager to concede as much as he safely could - pledged each in turn. The beer soon mounted to his head, and then he forgot his better resolutions. Tom had businessin Smethport and was in his tavern room preparing for bed, when a scuffling noise of brawling men uprose. Hasty feet paused at his door, and when he opened it, they shoved Jim in, and left Tom to manage him. He had been overpowered by several men, but was bent in his drunken fury on killing one if par- ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B32_F1_p038.JPG) ticular. Tom had put the key of the entry door in his pocket, but Jim found his way into an adjoining apartment where he nearly succeeded in getting through the ventilator. Failing in this effort he affected to be overpowered by drunken somnol- ency and when he thought Tom himself was safely asleep he stole to his side and took the door-key from his clothes. Tom sprang up, and then Jim said he must go, he would go, and made for the window. My husband clutched him. Jim shook him off/or tried to do so, for Tom's hands are strong, delicate as he looks. There was a struggle, Jim trying to subdue his own fury, praying Tom to let him throw himself out of the window, crying, "Oh my brother, my father, my dear General do let go, I must hurt you, I can't help myself any longer." I don't know how Tom contrived to subdue Jim, I sicken to think of the danger he was in alone with that maniac. In the morning Tom saw him safely out of Smethport on his road home. But his enemies would not let him go so easily. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B32_F1_p038a.JPG) The following day I went up to the station. Our Postmaster and J.P. had returned by that train from Smethport, and brought me word that Tom was delayed. "But Jim came on the train", he said, whispering to me that the children might not hear him, "he is in an awful way, and those Whiskey Town fellows have taken him into the bush. He'll not come home till he's over it, so you need not be scared". Poor, poor Lizzie! I said nothing to her about it, and when Jim slunk home two days afterwards she coaxed him to bed, seemed to believe in the respectability of his headache and treated him with kindness. When he was sober he felt as if he had degraded himself beyond hope of repentance, but Tom pointed out that ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B32_F1_p039.JPG) as his year had expired he had not actually broken his pledge. He renewed his vow and all went well again. When the time came that they must have a nest of their own, Tom placed them in the log-house which we had used as school and church before the neat new building was erected. Picture of the log-house. Here Lizzie arranged with pride her curtains, and displayed her patchwork quilt and the other housewifely treasures she had accumulated. With what delight she showed the children her six hens and stately cock, her two little pigs in their pen, her cow, her dog and her cat. But before her baby came, Jim had brought a brother to board with them, a dissipated scamp who was a bad companion for him. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B32_F1_p040.JPG) While the pale mother was still lying in her bed, he coaxed Jem out to the cheerful evening lights of Whiskey-town. I heard with pain that he was drinking again. One Sunday in Summer I resolved to go to the house and see whether Lizzie would break through the proud reserve she had maintained, and relieve her heart by speaking to me of her trouble. I came at an opportune time. She was sitting with her baby at her breast and her tears were falling so freely on its little face that she could not pretend to conceal them. She said she had "noth- ing against Jem." He was, "oh so good to her, and so fond of the baby. He would always be satisfied at home if it weren't for Dave. Dave led him astray." I promised to help her, and praised the neat home she made so pleasant for her wayward spouse. When I told Tom of my visit, he sent ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B32_F1_p041.JPG) for Dave, and though I don't know how he managed it, I had the satisfaction of seeing him depart for the Far West. Tom took Jim with him on a three days march through the woods to the Forest County end of our Big Level Road. The poor sinner made a desperate struggle and rose totter- ing to his feet again. But Tom thought it was best for him not to return to the same work and the same set of companions that he had been with. He was thoroughly honest as regarded his duty to his employer, and therefore Tom placed him in a post of re- sponsibility knowing that while occupying it he could be trusted to keep himself at his highest state of efficiency. He was ordered to take a gang of men, and construct a portion of the new road to Wilcox. From our garden we could hear the axes ring, the crash of falling trees, and the voices of the drivers ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B32_F1_p042.JPG) calling to the oxen. Jem was an excellent "boss". His tall figure moved up and down among the men with the expres- sion of conscious power, while he now and again lent his hand to some task requiring a greater skill than they possessed. The pioneer has a lore in which the best suburban farmer is de- ficient. The Swedes accused Jem of nepotism, but the charge though true literally was substantially incorrect. His young kinsmen were trained axemen and roadmakers from their childhood, and possessed a share of Landrigan brawn and muscle such as none of the well-intentioned half-fed Swedes could show. That among equally good workmen he should select his own flesh and blood is only to admit that he was human and Irish. The process of cutting a road through the forest gives the lover of scenery unexpected pleasure. I think that there are few prettier pictures than one ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B32_F1_p043.JPG) sees in standing at the top of a gentle hill, and looking down the vista of the newly opened road with the group of stalwart men, red and blue shirted, displaying their utmost strength and activity as they hew the giant trees that close the forest depths from your further view. A little nearer you the patient oxen are drawing the fallen trees aside, and a curling thread of smoke makes a slight haze that softens the outlines of the tree trunks. It is with no view to the scene-painter's pleasure that the effect has been produced, the smoke ascends to keep off the "punkies", that beset the men as they work, or take their "nooning" beside the clear streamlet, at the foot of the descent. I am recalling I find, a particular hill slope on the Wilcox Road. It leads down through a hemlock grove to the stream, and there is comparatively little underbrush to intercept the view left or right. A natural meadow green with leeks in the spring- time borders the stream under the trees. They say that the ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B32_F1_p044.JPG) reason you can see so far between the trunks is that the old Kittaning Camp Ground is hard by. In old times, the Indian trail to Kittaning was followed across our mountain by the settlers desiring to reach Ohio. Here they tarried over the season after the winter track was spoiled and before the rafting season began, and they cut down the full grown trees around the camp while their cattle browsed upon the tender growth. Since they have ceased to traverse these hills, the deer, attracted by the grass that sprung up freely where the sunlight had been admitted, have pastured along the stream and kept the undergrowth in check. New chapter here Before Landrigan bridged the stream there came to our house one day a sorely bewildered Indian. He said in his broken Eng- lish that our friend "Little Pig" had recommended him to our kind offices. "Little Pig" or Jim Jacobs was a grandson of that "Captain Jacobs" who, like one of the heroes in an old Icelandic Saga that I have read of, suffered himself to be stifled with his family under his burning roof, rather than take quarter. This was at the great flight ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B32_F1_p045.JPG) Mary Jamison captured girl became "the white woman of the Genessee" with Armstrong's Pennsylvanians at Kittaning in 1756. But his grandson is a half-breed, being also a descendant of that Mary Jenuson called the "White Woman of the Genessee" who was captured by the Indians in childhood, and refused to leave her dusky spouse when she grew up and the whites prevailed over the land. Jem Jacobs often visited us when he was hunting, though his was "cupboard love". He had now sent his younger brother "Saw Log" bidding him follow such and such streams from the Cat- taraugus Reservation until he should reach Nun-dah-deh (the Big House on the Hill) where he was to pay his respects to my hus- band ere he went Southward. But Sawlog had thought himself wiser in his generation than the sage Little Pig. He had "trusted to the delusions of Science falsely so called", he now thought. The N.Y. & Erie RRoad runs due East and West past the Indian Reservation. Chancing to come upon the line of the Phila and Erie, and reasoning from the premises within his ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B32_F1_p046.JPG) knowledge - he determined not to follow the sinuous windings of the streams but to trust to the straight iron road. Now the Phila. & Erie in seekings its summit curves in a horse shoe round our hill; and poor Sawlog complained bitterly that it had deceived him and caused him to lose his points of the compass. After he had dined and rested, my husband proffered to guide him to the place where the nearest Eastward flowing streamlet crossed our Line. I joined them, and we soon reached it, and sat down on a mossy log while the Indian looked round with sat- isfaction. He had never been here before, but he said Little Pig had explained the streams to him, and he now knew where he was, and was prepared to plunge confidently into the pathless thickets following the stream. So pleased was he that he even spoke to me, although with marked condescension. Why Tom, a noted warrior, should choose to go about ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B32_F1_p047.JPG) with a squaw whose back was unburdened and her hands empty, was a puzzle to him. But travellers see strange sights, and in his brother Little Pig's friend he condoned the weakness. When he was rested he bade us a cheerful farewell, and we determined to keep the spot sacred in its romantic solitude in memory of the last Indian hunter, who, we thought would visit us. But the exigincies of civilisation doomed the Brook of the "Indian's Rest" to become an ordinary "run". Jem's solid plank-bridge crossed the stream, and his gang ruthlessly squared its banks, destroying the miniature loveliness of its mossy capes, and fern-decked islets. And the Indians came so often afterwards and were such unromatic "thiggers and sorners" that I should have grown ashamed of the sentimental name I gave the brook, so I did not grieve when it became simply one of the "waters of Owl Creek". ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B32_F1_p048.JPG) Whem Jim had finished this piece of work, Tom determined to put him on a farm out of the reach of temptation. There were two abandoned clearings on Howard Hill whose squatter tenants had been bought out. The hay was worth cutting, and Jem with Charley Mulvaney - another Bucktail - set out, to begin hay harvest, and make a home for Lizzie. They proceeded with great energy to tear down the hut that stood upon the land already. They then paused, felt that for the first time they were their own masters, decreed "We have had enough of action, and of motion we", and de- termined to live "on the hills like Gods together, careless of mankind." It was a forlorn pair who came back penniless to Kane, "preferring to work by the day" they said to Tom and to Lizzie. They had cut the hay, they affirmed, but could only put foolish hands into empty pockets when ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B32_F1_p049.JPG) asked for the proceeds of their labour. How they could have attended to their farms at all it would have been hard to explain, for they had spent the two and a half months of their absence hunting in the woods, enjoying the un- disturbed solitude, though not exactly as Tom meant they should. After coming back, poor Jem relapsed again. Tom's efforts only make him ashamed to show himself near us. Day after day I hear of poor Lizzie stealing off in the twilight to guide him home through the snow drifts. Every one has a pitying word for her, but I feel as if my presence at the wedding gave me a responsibility towards her. The wasted arms and white face of the baby appeal against the father whose conduct withers Lizzie's life. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B32_F1_p050.JPG) I muse over the sanctity of the marriage tie. Good books praise women who cling to drunkards through their downward course, bearing children and seeing them die one after another choking back their sorrow "because it is God's will to take them to himself. And they might have inherited drunkenness: Is that God's will? Ought not the mother to feel the child who draws its life from her is the possessor of a nearer claim than any other? When that baby dies this coming summer, Lizzie will say the heat killed it, and she and I will know that Jim murdered it as certainly as if he had beaten it to death. If the husband destroys the happiness of the Landrigan family, another Bucktail home in Kane is afflicted by a shrew, "the cursedst Kate in Christendom." It was late in the autumn of 1865, when ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B32_F1_p051.JPG) Tom received a letter from Sergeant Dick Looker. He was just discharged from Hospital. He wrote to ask for any sort of work a partially crippled man could do. We felt bound to give him any work we could find, for we knew from Tom's own ex- perience how little Political Economy cares for Patriotism. "Supply and demand, supply and demand, my dear Sir." "Yonder brawny Irishman can do the work twice as well - you may take the place at half the wages or else make room for a better man." Or "Lost money while at the wars? That doesn't give you a commercial education." Young Jobling "will need no preliminary training, he is fresh from the Commercial College." "The best man gets the place." Such are the daily rebuffs with which the crippled ones of the world meet. Tom sent him word to come, he would try ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B32_F1_p052.JPG) to find him something he could do. Dick was a Londoner, the son of a jeweller "in 'Ackney". His stepmother oppressed him, he ran away from home and made his way to America. Here he grew up, English in nothing save his unmistakable Cockney accent. Tom told me a little anecdote of Dick that prepossessed me in his favor. There was a time when our brethren of the South decreed that any of the officers of Pope's command who fell into their hands should not receive the treatment accorded prisoners of war. It was understood that an example would be made of a number who had been captured at Catlett's Station August 25, 1862. And on an appointed day an Adjutant Genl of Stuart's as- sembling some three or four hundred officers and men gave the command: "United States officers to the front!" ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B32_F1_p053.JPG) No one obeyed the order; on the contrary, uniform coats had for some time been at a discount in the band of captives. The of- ficer reiterating his command, and no one responding, shame seized the patriotic heart of Looker, and in all the dignity of his Corporalship he stepped forward, exclaiming "I am one of Pope's officers. Do your worst with me. Boys, avenge my death!" The southern soldiers shrieked with laughter as he held out his arm ornamented with its Corporal's stripes. Accord- ing to the camp story, "Stonewall" Jackson himself rode up short- ly after and hearing that there were some Bucktails among the captives ordered them to be singled out, and to have horses given them to ride as the prisoners procession moved off to- wards Richmond. "They were soldiers he respected", he said. Poor Dickon held up his head very ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B32_F1_p054.JPG) proudly after this compliment, but after he was exchanged and returned to his regiment, his comrades who disliked his self- conceit, and overlooked the bravery of his speech teased him unmercifully calling him "Pope's Hofficer" until he quivered with rage. When he came to us Tom tried to make him night-watchman at the mill, but he was too feeble to bear the loss of sleep. Then he gave him the duty of wheeling sawdust from the sawpit to the furnace, arranging a strap over his shoulders to save him the necessity of using his maimed arm. He was ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B32_F1_p055.JPG) also to "police" the Mill Yard, that is to see that there was no danger of fire, no tools left about, no wanton waste of prop- erty. But one afternoon he came to say "It's all up, General. I won't take your wages when I can't work. I must go. I've got my pension and perhaps I can get that man who borrowed my savings to let me have something. But my arm has kept me awake this fortnight. I can't lift, nor yet work any other way. So I'm going". Tom and I were just on our way to the village, and it was Christmas Eve. The poor fellow looked so sorrowful a figure standing there with his dangling arm, that I spoke up hastily before Tom could answer. "Sergeant, you can't go Christmas Eve. Go in/to the fire till we come back, and take your Christmas dinner here tomor- row. Next day ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B32_F1_p056.JPG) the General can receive your resignation." He liked the word, poor boy, and brightened up. He thought we appreciated that he had tried to make a magnanimous self-sacrifice. While we walked, we discussed what we could do for Dick, and on our return he was easily persuaded to agree to follow Tom's instructions. He first went to Dr Freeman, who found that the leather jacket which was laced round his arm to brace the flesh where three inches of the bone was gone, had been twisted out of place. The Doctor sent him back to us in a week quite a different man. Then we took him to live in the house that he might be well fed, and kept him busy with such light tasks as he could easily do. As he was anxious to improve himself I taught him to keep accounts, and for some time he was a happy man. When I recall the work he did ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B32_F1_p057.JPG) I am afraid that Dick's natural probity and suspiciousness mingled led him from being a sort of Inspector of the other hands into becoming somewhat of a spy. In the spring I received a new cook, a highly recommended widow. Eliza, whose friend she was, vouched for her piety and good conduct. She was a dark, thin woman, low voiced and rather prepossessing in her appearance. It was some months before she showed herself the termagant she was. Then she and Eliza used to fight in the kitchen till I was miserable. The little parlor adjoined it, and when Tom would be away, as he often had to be, I could not help hearing them through the partition. I had not moral courage enough to speak to the combatants, and quaked in silence. In one such encounter Eliza twitted Hannah with "taking up with a cross cripple". ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B32_F1_p058.JPG) This alliterative abuse certainly referred to Dick, and made one notice that Hannah's attentions to him were pointed. I never went into the kitchen now to give my orders at night without finding Hannah's chair as close to Dick's as it could be drawn, or Hannah's eager eyes gleaming over his shoulder as he worked. Tom remonstrated with him upon his folly in allowing himself to be entrapped by her. He protested that she was only disgusting to him, and I think it was true. At any rate she was shrewd enough to change her plan of attack. She began to condole with him upon the menial service to which he stooped, and to insin- uate to him that a man who could keep accounts should not be found in our kitchen. She succeeded in working upon Dick's cov- etousness until he believed that Tom wronged him of the money he could earn elsewhere and that he could make more in a shop. Then she dilated upon the house she owned, and the household stuff, and in the end he married her. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B32_F1_p059.JPG) At first his shop did well and he was proud of the house and the business. But he made enemies. He tried to undersell the other storekeepers, pointing out that they made twenty per cent profit. Having made them lower their prices he began to raise his own, and of course they retorted upon him in turn. His customers were dishonest, I dare say, but he gained nothing by showing his suspicions. And then he imagined every one with whom he had dealings was in a deep-laid plot to wrong him, and he spent his days in thinking over how he could "fix" them. I remember one Sunday Tom and I were strolling along the RR. when we suddenly came upon Dick. We knew him at a distance by his pendent arm, and Tom hailed him to say some kindly words. Dick seemed confused and explained that he was going to Hays' to buy potatoes because this or that man was bent on underselling him. He went ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B32_F1_p060.JPG) on his way, and we soon saw a tiny thread of smoke begin to ascend from Hays' chimney. I asked Tom jestingly whether he thought Hays was condoling with Dick on his being married, or Dick with him upon being jilted. But the worthies were differently occupied. A week after my father sent me a letter, written by Dick for Hays in which he peremptorily demanded a deed for his place, and accused him of dilatoriness. This was Dick all over. Hays had bought a place from the Company, and paid for it, and there was delay in forwarding his Deed to him. Instead of calling Tom's attention to it, Dick had undoubtedly conselled Hays "to let him alone. He'd work them! He knew the man to write to." Dick had carried my letters to the Post Office long enough to be aware that I wrote every week to my father, and fancied that he must be sec- retly President of the Company. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B32_F1_p061.JPG) Tom laughed at him good humoredly, but Dick still thought "there was virtue in't", for Tom having previously written as agent of the Company to remonstrate about the delay, the Deed arrived as if in answer to Dick's application. Hannah's cat-like softness to Dick soon vanished, and she literally showed her claws. I have seen his countenance decorated with long red scratches, the favors of his Lady. She brought her hungry red-haired boys up from Chester County - bad boys they were too, and she and they squabbled with Dick all day. Dick and she became bywords in the village and at last were mutually b ound over to keep the peace by Squire Leonard. All poor Dick earned while with us is gone. Hannah having made a private purse for herself, notified his creditors that he was going to fail. They came upon him, but finding that he was really honest, set him to sell his goods as their agent. Some sort of reconcil- iation was patched ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B32_F1_p062.JPG) up between him and Hannah, and he still stays in his store, watch- ing for the occasion when he can obtain evidence enough against her for a divorce. Old as she is, she is unchaste in her life - at least he says so, and he ought to know. How thin he is, his cheeks hollowed even more than when he came to us a poor hope- less cripple! But then he held his head erect, and now he is ashamed, and wretched. 28th April 1872 During our great fire in the woods, Richard Looker took advantage of the confusion to run awayleaving the tav- ern and wife and boys and a large number of debts behing him. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B32_F1_p063.JPG) CHAPTER IV It was a sign that we were settling up when a political or- ganisation was formed. We have or had a Fenian circle, and a Union League, and there was a Democratic Club too. Of course Tom belonged to none of these secret societies. But he was interested in the "town" meetings, and amused me by his sincere gratification in the result of one of them. I think I have a copy of the proceedings by me - a printed one I mean. For I copied fair from his rough notes all the impromptu speeches that were to be made by Evans and Meese, Barnes and Jones. Tom honestly believes that Vox Populi is Vox Dei, but then he is "king of the county" and the popular voice clamors as his finger points. He thinks he is a Radical and Democrat - and I think he is a Dem- ocrat just as advanced spirits of the French noblesse were Demo- crats. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B32_F1_p064.JPG) in the days of Louis Seize. He is with the populace as a guiding spirit, and associates with them as a noble might, secure in his own position. But he would not like Elisha to marry little Mary Landrigan any more than I would, nor would he have our children feel a genuine equality with our fellow-citizen's children. Howard Evans is obtaining a good education, and has a natural lazy gen- tlemanliness of manner, and a handsome refined face. Yet I am sure Tom would hardly endure to have him associate with our boys! I am amused to find that our little town of ninety houses has two or three distinct circles of society. The wives of the freight agent, postmaster and storekeepers hold themselves quite above those of the engineers and brakesmen, while these again are divided according to the style of their houses into the classes of dwellers in frame houses, dwellers in log-cabins and dwellers in Whiskey-town. I may not be so accurate in my ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B32_F1_p065.JPG) classification as I should be did I live nearer the village and its gossip. I suppose "distinctions must be kept up" among our American citizens with quite as much reason as between the lords and commoners of transatlantic countries. When Kane attained such dignity that the huts behind the Round House, and the houses in the Mill Hollow began to be con- nected by others distinctly dotting out the line of Fraley Street, my husband thought it time to lead settlement on to Chase Street. To my surprise all who applied for lots preferred to perch on the windy ridge of Fraley Street, to building on the larger lots of Chase Street. Yet Chase Street adjoined a large spring, and was sheltered from the wind, and from the engine smoke and noises of the station. Tom took it quietly, assuring me that the first human sheep who came over the ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B32_F1_p066.JPG) ridge would be followed by the flock. Chase Street is filling up fast enough now, but that first sheep who led the way went beyond it, quite down into the hollow that is drained by headsprings of Kinzua. It was denominated on the map, Street, and his lot was the second from the corner of Street. But on the ground it was as pretty a little spot of wildness as one could wish to see. Miller the swindling RailRoad contractor for tie's had made a clearing close by in removing the trees, and the underbrush that was left was low. Hubbard planted his house beside this clear- ing, but sheltered by the trees that fringed the brook. From the doorway you saw a cheerful prospect over the clearing and up the slope crowned by the houses of the village. The Hubbards were people of respectability - well educated for their apparent sta- tion. They came from Canada and from their silence about the father our Yankees decided that he must have brought a cloud upon his family. Be that as it may, Simon had the entire family to maintain. He brought his mother, sister and young brother as well as his wife, baby and adopted child to live with ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B32_F1_p067.JPG) him down there, so that the solitariness was not felt as it would have been had his wife been there alone during the long days. He was an engine-driver, and his duties kept him absent from home from seven in the morning till ten at night. But he rose early and began making a garden round his house, and boasted that no home in Kane possessed such advantages of situation as his. "He didn't feel the loneliness, not he. It wasn't as if it might be in England where one would be apt to fancy the spot haunted by the ghost of some former inhabitant," he said. Poor fellow, he little fancied that his was to be the ghost that would keep others back from building near him. People do not like to go down into the hollow now, for fear he should be haunting the place he loved and his widow lives in Fraley Street, and has married a young fellow, her junior by several years. If I were ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B32_F1_p068.JPG) Hubbard, I'd walk there instead of haunting the little cabin where his old bedridden mother still wails his loss. She says she had a "presentiment" of his death, or at least a "forewarning" which should be quite as valuable as a presentiment. Inasmuch as she had daily feared that he would be killed on his train, and lamen- ted it aloud - much to the increase of his cheerfulness it must have been! - and on this particular day had neither feared nor fretted, she claims that it was a warning. Why nature or Fate or whatever Demon or Deity presides over Premonitions should have been unable to make itself understood at the right time she does not pretend to say. But she feels as if she were "to blame," and receives a certain comfort from the idea that she still has a participation in the world's work, and is not simply a helpless, fretful burden ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B32_F1_p069.JPG) on her children. It was about noon of a winter day when an engine stopped at our hill. Tom was out overseeing his men, and came in to tell me that the engine was sent to carry him to the village. Poor Hubbard was dreadfully burned. His engine had been attached to a long train of oil-cars. On the descending grade the brakes slipped on the icy rails, and the train ran down at fearful speed. He could not check it, and he and his fireman had to wait the end in helpless terror. Past Sergeant siding, the Water Tank and Wil- cox it flew, still keeping the track. He began to hope that the train would stop of itself on the long level stretch near Bridge- town. But something struck it, he did not know where. He only knew that the cars swayed over down an embankment, the engine fell on them, and the fire from its grate ignited the oil in the bar- rels. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B32_F1_p070.JPG) The fireman was happy in being instantly killed, but poor Hub- bard was held down by the engine. He lay under it and was par- tially shielded by it. But he was shockingly burned so that his flesh was scorched like crackling. He lay there I believe for nearly two hours, all the time fully conscious of his situation. When help arrived, and he was taken home, they had to carry him on a stretcher from the station to his house. Tom was beside him, and he said with a sad little flicker of a smile "General, this is the first time I ever though my house too far away." When Tom had enveloped him in cotton and oil he professed to be more comfortable, but he said, "I did hope it was all a nightmare, and that I'd wake up, until I saw the General's face. That made me feel it was true." Tom left him at nightfall, and ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B32_F1_p071.JPG) bade me only pray for his speedy death. He left young Hogarth the apothecary to tend him, for he himself was quite exhausted. About nine at night pain ceased, and he sent for his family to draw near. He said "Now I am going to live. I want you all to know how dreadful what I went through was, so that you may all thank God that I am spared. And the worst of all was that I thought I must leave you helpless." Then he told them his story in a clear voice, Hogarth not interfering for he knew that it was not worth while. "I have called it a nightmare, he said, but it is impossible to imagine a nightmare so hideous. Being kept down so that I couldn't move, and seeing the flames draw towards me so slowly! Now go and pray", he ended, "I feel that I can sleep." Hogarth laid him down tenderly, and then went into the adjoining room to tell the family the truth. The sobs of the wife and sister, and the weak quavering cry of the old mother did not break his rest. He had died as Hogarth laid him down. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B32_F1_p072.JPG) Of course Tom stood ready to befriend the survivors since nothing remained to be done for Hubbard. He promised to give the young widow the piece of land on which the house stood, and took the remaining son into his employ in the mill. Unfortunately young William Hubbard was careless enough to put his hand upon the rip- saw he had to tend, while it was in motion. A frightful wound was inflicted. He had only been at work a few months when this new misfortune overtook the unhappy people. The Hubbards sent for a doctor from Warren. He said the hand must come off - but advised their "getting General Kane to see it," and so pocketing his fee, departed. I accompanied my husband, when he went to make his visit, sup- posing that I might be useful. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B32_F1_p073.JPG) We found two men already there who had come over to tender their services as nurses with the kindly fellowship so common among our American people. My husband went upstairs, and after looking at the hand decided to try to save it. Hubbard had two important circumstan- ces in his favor: he had led a temperate life, and wounds heal with readiness in our pure air. If the poor fellow lost his right hand what would become of his helpless mother! The hand was curiously mangled. The saw had torn out the Metacarpal base of the thumb and all the cushioning muscles of the ball while a long jagged wound across the palm terminated in a gap whence the pisiform bone had been dragged. Tom did not hope to restore the power of the thumb, but he thought the fingers might recover their usefulness, and the thumb gain about as much strength as the tongue has. This would be incomparably better than having a stump at the wrist. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B32_F1_p074.JPG) I sat below making bandages, and teaching Mary Hubbard the sister to prepare lint. Presently Tom called me to assist him. I went up the tottering stairs, and which were guiltless of a handrail, wondering how they contrived to get the patient car- ried up, they were so steep and narrow. But I was soon too busily engaged to think of anything but the hand. After a time Will Hubbard muttered uneasily "What ails Mother", and Tom signed to me to go and see. We had been aware of a low weeping near us, and I easily traced the sound. I had never been in such a fragile tenement before. It was destitute of any building material thicker than a board, and had no doors. When I came upstairs and my un- practised foot shook the floor beneath my tread I felt as if I were in a cottage on the stage whose pasteboard structure might give way at any moment. Poor Hubbards' groans seemed incongruously real ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B32_F1_p075.JPG) As I looked round the house now, I was reminded of the houses children build of cards, where the space between the projecting edge of the of clubs and the ace of spades forms a doorway, while another couple of cards leaned against each other constitute the walls of a room. I stood on a tiny landing from which the stairs fell with precipitation. Opposite me was a window, the casings of which projected inwards to meet the inner wall - which was not there. Two or three openings in the board partitions indicated as many rooms. I followed the sobbing sound into one and found the old woman kneeling, trying to bury her head in the bed-clothes. She was not trying as I at first fancied to stifle the noise she made lest it should disturb Will, but to save her own ears the hearing of his groans. She thought we were about to cut his hand off, and seemed to feel less thankful that there was a possibility of saving it than ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B32_F1_p076.JPG) reluctant to endure uncertainty. When I explained that she and Mary must come in to see the final bandaging, and learn the treat- ment to be carried out, both refused. It was only when I promised to come every day at the time the wound was to be examined so that they need not see it, that they were induced to come into the room and see the bandaged limb. Tom had it arranged in an inclined trough which projected beyond the bed. An improvised syphon of "towel" conducted water a drop at a time upon the bandages from a pail swung from a knot-hole in the board rafters. The waste water fell into another pail - I remember that this struck me as a nov- elty. How often we have had to do it since! Every day Tom and I trudged over through the deep snow. Something ailed the carriage horses, and the condition of Tom's wound prevented his riding Clarion. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B32_F1_p077.JPG) I saw him, perfectly exhausted with climbing the long hill, lie down in the snow to rest, as wan and pale as the patient he left, I many a time scolded, begging with tears that he would make the Hubbards send for the Warren doctor, and let him manage the case as well as he could. But Tom always said "No No Bess, I'll put it through somehow. You know Stranahan would take it off as soon as he was called in. I really think I shall save it. And then he would toil wear- ily on again. The Hubbards were entirely destitute. I don't think there was a single day's provisions in the house. Everything the sick man ate, I carried from our kitchen. I was often pro- voked to find that little special delicacies I provided for him - such as preserves from our very slender store - or tea and fine white sugar, the mother and sister devoured "because Will didn't feel like eating that day." They were the most disagreeable poor ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B32_F1_p078.JPG) people I had anything to do with that winter. Visit an Irish or German hovel, and their reception of you puts you in good humour with yourself. It may be flattery, but it is inspired by the tact of the heart. Go to see an American, or Scotch Irish invalid, and you are received as a comrade rendering a service which the recipient is able and willing to return and is therefore not de- graded by accepting. But these people took greedily all we gave, and asked for more, at the same time that they showed their envy of our appar- ent wealth - Heaven knows we were poor enough at the time, but we could not tell them so! I ought not to complain of their man- ner to me however, for they treated Providence in the same way, swallowing all God's benefits and ever complaining that their situation was more wretched than that of others. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B32_F1_p079.JPG) I was struck by the kindness people showed them - one man giving up his nights' rest after a hard days' work to sit up with the invalid, another chopping a week's supply of wood, women coming over to help with the work when they had saved an hour from their own toil. But I never heard the Hubbards utter a grateful word. Tom saved Will. Hubbard's hand, but he only murmurs that Providence should have rendered it of little use. As he had received a tolerable education we tried to inspire him with the idea of passing away the tedium of convalescence in study, so that he might receive a first class certificate and become a school-teacher. But he soon abandoned the idea, preferring to receive charity for a time, and then to become a "book-agent." Now a book-agent is to me what the Scotch call "a sturdy beggar", and Hubbard's ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B32_F1_p080.JPG) face became odious to me before he dropped the vocation, and obtained a trifling post on the RRoad. <"Railroad."> It was the same thing with the sister. I could not induce her to study telegraphing, or to teach. No, she considered these unpleasant and "unfeminine" occupations. She and Ma. would rather sew or wash. I asked every one I could think of to give them sewing and washing, and obtained them customers enough. They drove them away by their exorbitant prices. Then they came upon me. Everything I gave them to sew they spoiled unless I cut it out and basted exactly the seams, not of one, but of every article of a set. I would have preferred infinitely to take my own time to make the articles, and to pay them the money instead of being disturbed in my own daily occu- pations to prepare sewing for them. Tom bade me respect the dignity that ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B32_F1_p081.JPG) forbade their accepting money except in the form of exorbitant pay for their work, and I tried to do so. But that dignity of theirs was a curious feeling. My sister and I often interchange garments of our children which they have outgrown, and think it no lowering of our dignity, if Harry wears Lottie Shields' dress or Helen Shields, Willie Kane's frocks. But, happening to notice that the old woman was so thinly clad as to be suffering from the cold even in the house, I sent down a bundle of Mother's clothes which she had left for her own use the next summer. They were portions of a widow's dress, and all suitable for a lady's wearing. Next day came a bundle back. All the newest pieces of attire were gone, but those most worn were returned with the message "Ma. thinks Mrs Kane must have made a mistake in sending old clothes to her as if she was a beggar!" ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B32_F1_p082.JPG) I have seen little of the Hubbards lately. They had a con- troversy with Simon's widow, and resented my attending her when she was very sick, as a taking of her side in the quarrel. The post- master had asked me to call at his house and see her, as his wife dreaded lest her reason should give way. The Hubbards were "circulating a paper against her", and good prim little Mrs Leonard had taken her to her own home to show that she "did not believe it". Nor did I believe that there was any foundation for the ac- cusation of light-minded behaviour. Mrs Hubbard was in wretched health and the calumny nearly caused her death. Her cure was per- haps one that did my physical and moral treatment credit. Yet I would rather she had languished a little longer, for she was hardly strong again before she married. She was young and pretty, and my reason told me ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B32_F1_p083.JPG) that it was best and safest for her to marry, but I was a little provoked with her for Simon's sake. My latest intercourse with Old Mrs Hubbard was a month ago, when she sent to say that she had a toothache and wished me to visit her. I have a bottle of Creosote upon which all the odon- talgic sufferers in the neighborhood rely. I put it in my pocket and started, but as I found the road too bad for the sleigh and was myself afflicted with neuralgia, I was glad to meet Will Hub- bard. I entrusted the whole bottle to him, telling him how to apply the Creosote, and he promised to send it back after using the necessary quantity. A couple of weeks after a man chancing to come to me for Creosote reminded me that the bottle had not been restored. I sent for it, but the old lady declined to return it on the ground that "it was a great comfort to her, and it was more mean than she could think me to be to ask for it." ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B32_F1_p084.JPG) William Hubbard heard the remonstrances of the other claimant, and obliged her to send it back - but not before she had emptied half of it into a bottle of her own. Very different is the conduct of some other patients. One woman stole up under cover of night last week to tell me that her husband, a Whiskeytowner, owed it to the General's goodness to him in sickness to let him know there were parties stealing his timber. Another sends back his medicine bottle full of an evil smelling compound which he avers to be the "sovereign'st thing on earth" for a fever. A poor old woman who could talk no English took me in her arms and patted me, uttering a cares- sing murmur. I have not yet spoken of our Swedish settlers, and may approp- riately do so now. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B32_F1_p085.JPG) CHAPTER V THE Swedish SETTLERS My husband had great difficulty in securing the first Swedes as permanent residents, but once settled their number has in- creased steadily. Each man is desirous of bringing over some brother or cousin, and they send back money to pay their relatives' passage out with the same liberality that the Irish display. People consider it an important step for the County that my hus- band should have succeeded in establishing a colony of these peo- ple. They come from a cold country, are hard-working, strong and temperate. They are Protestants and as certainly vote the Re- publican ticket as the Irish and German Catholics do the Demo- cratic. In Chatauqua County, New York and Warren County Pennsylvan- ia there are thriving settlements of Swedes, and Tom is planning roads to open the ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B32_F1_p086.JPG) forest between us and them. I wish I could spare time to dwell more upon these people but they are not of those - who first faced the wilderness with us. Our old friends the Gläts rejoice in being in the midst of about forty farms. All through this winter, sleds loaded with cord- wood for the RailRoad have been coming in long procession from these farms of the Nye Sverria (New Sweden) settlement. Day by day the forest recedes and the cleared fields increase. Even the envious dwellers in the old settlements, who come out to seek the Kane market with their loads of "garden stuff", potatoes, honey and meat admit that the settlement is fairly started. But before our fellow citizens admitted it, the animal and vegetable kingdoms gave token that civilisation had begun its work here. The first summer we came I remember the children's delight when the presence of a sweet-briar ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B32_F1_p087.JPG) we had brought from Upland was acknowledged by a brilliant hum- ming bird. We could not tell from what distant settlement he and his mate came, but they visited us daily for quite a long time. As soon as we had a garden spot cleared other birds who love the haunts of men contrived to find it out. Robins and orioles, blue- birds, king-birds and cardinal grosbeaks built there; but that first summer we saw the last of the golden flickers. Once they had been so noticeable among the trees that Tom proposed calling this place "Flickerwood." The name would be meaningless now. But on the other hand some very wild birds treat us with famil- iarity. Influenced by an enlightened self-interest the Blue Jays have forgotten their shyness altogether. All winter long they have been chattering around the house. They are tame enough to fly down ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B32_F1_p088.JPG) the moment Elisha scatters his grain, and dispute possession with the fowls. Indeed we often have to interfere, or the pigeons would have nothing. The meek and blameless doves are larger than the jays, but the gaily clad "cristati" drive them off as easily as the Celtic marauders <(Scotch Highlanders)> used to disperse the Lowland militia. To be sure the jays have concert of action in their favor, and the good stupid pigeons have no idea of "tactics." The jays often light on a sweet briar spray close to the school room window, and sometimes even peck at the glass chatter- ing as they do so. Elisha maintains that it is to implore him to come out and feed them. Whether it is so or not the little boy has given them to eat so freely that they no longer feel the necessity of earning their living, and are at leisure to cultivate their accomplishments. These consist in singing various tunes, mocking domestic birds, scolding, swearing with emphasis and vol- ubility - and an exercise which ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B32_F1_p089.JPG) they seem to have specially invented for the amusement of their entertainments. Close to the house, placed there for the protec- tion of its inhabitants from the prowlers of the forest - whose evil eyes still watch us stands our Chickenry. It has a stockade fence around it sixteen feet high, the palings only two inches apart. This spot is the jay's favorite gymnasium. From the house roof, thirty feet above, they fly downward at full speed to the chickenry, as if they would dash themselves to death against the paling. But without apparent pause they close their wings and passing through narrow aperture resume their flight to the ground. Over and over and over again, they practise the feat; by the hour together. These winter visitors succeed the little cherry-birds which amused our summer guests. One gentleman passed three mornings betting with his wife upon the accuracy with which they caught their prey. He called ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B32_F1_p090.JPG) me one day to see the birds - for I am generally too busy in- doors to make observations in Natural History. One at a time gray moths flew upward from a grassy border that lay in sunshine, ascending as I once saw the tiny puffs of smoke rise above the wooded heights on the Virginia shore one day when there was a skirmish going on across the Potomac near Ten- allytown. When as the moths reached a certain elevation, a cherry bird shot out from the branches of a tree, and made a curving flight swift and true as the motion of a swing, catching the moth at the bottom of the curve, and lighting on another tree about twenty yards off. I suppose there were a dozen birds, and it really seemed as if they were conscious of our applause and pleased by it. They swooped, as far as we could see, each bird taking his turn. As we never fed the "Bombycilla Carolinensis" I suppose it sought us disinterestedly for ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B32_F1_p091.JPG) the sake of our society. But I wonder what possessed the moths to keep on ascending! One would think some would have noticed the fate of their comrades, and have tried to avoid a similar one. Up here on "Lone Mountain" I often long for the water views I loved in childhood. But besides the great flights of wild geese and pigeons, a solitary migrant halts now and then to rest besideour brooks, and brings with him reminders of the great Lakes of Canada, or of the father Arctic seas. "Faint shadows, vapors lightly curled, "Faint murmurs from the meadows come, "Like hints and echoes of the world "To spirits folded in the womb." How well I remember the dismal autumn day, the cold damp wind blowing down the last leaves when I walked with Tom, and saw the first slender ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B32_F1_p092.JPG) sand-piper flitting before us among the little pools left by the rain in the hollows of the sandy road. Tom said he must have been blown here before the wind from Lake Erie. Then I no longer felt so closely shut in by mountain walls. I too might take my flight if I would. One day the children came to me in the wildest excitement. "Carlo had driven them as if they were cows," they said, "to see the prettiest sight in the whole world. I must come directly, for Carlo was keeping guard so that it mightn't go away." What was it? I asked, but they said that I should come see. A little way from the house was a large sandstone. Part had been blasted away, and in the hollow its removal left, a clear spring had made a miniature tarn. Here "It" floated - a Crested ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B32_F1_p093.JPG) Grebe. It did not mind the children although they lay upon the rock watching it, and even ate the bread they crumbled in the water. But it kept vigilant watch upon Carlo, who on his part evidently felt that he had distinguished himself. He did not rise from his crouching attitude to greet me, but flapped his tail violently. Whenever he moved, the pretty Grebe turned in the crystal water, its red eyes flashing, and its sharp beak ready to defend itself. Somehow it reminded me of a garter snake when it coils itself, and darts out its little red tongue, though certainly the graceful head of the Grebe - hen with its flame-col- oured streak on either side, bore no resemblance to the dull col- oured flat head of the snake. I suppose it was the vivaciously spiteful expression of the eye that was alike in both. It stayed all day, but flew away at night. Another day as we stood on the hill ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B32_F1_p094.JPG) overlooking the icepond we saw two birds that looked like flakes of snow darting from the bright blue sky. They shot down to the pond, and thither the children ran, while I followed more slowly. This time the strangers were two black and white wild ducks. They swam leisurely about the pond, but a sportsman who must have been watching them for some time, (and whom we had not noticed, for he had been motionless behind a log,) fired at them. The ducks showed no alarm while the shot spattered all round them, but when the baffled hunter paused to reload his gun they rose into the air, and soared out of sight. How the children, who had been chok- ing with anger at the would be destroyer, cheered their graceful ascent! "Oh Man!" called Willie across the stream, shaking his fat little fist in impotent wrath, "I would like to have Jem Landri- gan here to swear at you!" ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B32_F1_p095.JPG) When the spring came that followed our "burn" we were surprised by seeing the bare space densely covered by a brilliant green growth, wherever we had not sowed seed. It was "Fire Weed" a plant never seen in old fields. We ascertained there was none growing any- where within ten miles of us. "It is not seeded", Cornelius said; "it starts from the mixture of charcoal and ashes". It reached a height of five or six feet, and bore an abundant crop of winged seeds, but perished with the year, no second growth succeeding the parent plant. Where it has been the ground is left indescribably shabby and threadbare-looking. Moral: Don't clear more at once than you can plant. Dog-daisies came to us/in the hay from Smethport, but we are keeping them down with watchful cruelty, though the children plead to me to spare the "home-faces": they are "so tired of ferns." ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B32_F1_p096.JPG) 1866 White clover made its appearance unsown by us, wherever grass sprung, and grass too came, unplanted. They say this is natural- ly a grass country. Last year a few thistles showed themselves, and this year their vivid green is peeping out every where under the fast thaw- ing snow this 8th day of April. We have two ponds, and the second year after they were made Tom called me to listen to the frogs. They had found us out and established themselves in force, great bull frogs, little bull frogs, piping frogs. Did their progenitors travel up to us from the Clarion or Allegheny? Then they brought with them perhaps the seeds of the Duckweed, and water Iris and Cat-Tail; for these strangers were soon seen to decorate their new resorts. In 1866 the Martins came, and built in our new chimneys. We felt that our claims to a "homestead" ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B32_F1_p097.JPG) 1865 were acknowledged by these house-loving creatures. It was Cornelius who pointed out to us the scout-pigeons and foretold that a great roost would be near us in 1865. He also first taught us that it is with the chestnut and beechmast as it is with orchard fruit, the abundant harvest of one year is followed by one of comparative sterility. He showed us how few nuts were forming that year and bade us remark how few would strew the ground when the frosts came. When the leaves were showering down in October, Elisha cal- led my attention to the absence of nuts, and said "Poor old Cornelius would have been saying, "See child, didn't I tell you!" Poor old Cornelius! By that time he was gone - to the Hap- py Hunting Ground. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B32_F1_p098.JPG) Cornelius I was thankful that Tom was spared long attendance on his death bed, though the manner of his dying was sad enough. He had been ailing so much, and was yet so anxious "not to be laid aside", that we contrived a little trip to Warren for him. A lot of picks, grubbing hoes and shovels had been ordered for our road making and Tom told him to go to the hardware store and pick them out. The journey of thirty miles by rail was an easy one, and he was pleased to imagine that his judgment could be useful. Tom bade him take his time, and therefore we were not uneasy when three days passed over without his returning. On the fourth ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B32_F1_p099.JPG) morning we were awaked by a messenger who came to summon Tom to the Mill Boarding House. Cornelius lay there dying. We learned afterwards that on the previous morning he sat long beside the stove in the bar-room of the tavern where he put up in Warren. At last he slid from the chair, falling in a fit, they supposed. When he came to himself he was delirious, and the quack doctor of the place gave him a heavy dose of opium. Know- ing that he lived down the RailRoad the heartless wretches put him in a cart, and carrying him to the depot laid him on some coal sacks in a freight shed till the train came. He roused himself and tried to get on board, but the con- ductor supposing him drunk repulsed him. He staggered down the track after the cars, stretching out his arms and gesticu- ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B32_F1_p100.JPG) lating. Then a young man met him, who spoke to him, and he said "take me to General Kane, take me to the General." The young man saw that the man was very ill, helped him to the station, and made the conductor of the freight train eastward come to look at him. He knew Cornelius, and made him comfortable in the ca- boose, where he soon sank into heavy slumber, only starting up wild- ly once to ask where he was. "Going to General Kane" they said, and he lay down again passively. Some kind fellows made him a sort of stretcher of boughs, and carried him from the station here to the boarding house. He never spoke again, and Tom thought he did not even know him. But he had often said to Tom "Me and you, General, knows what it was to get/the RailRoad through, and I never ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B32_F1_p101.JPG) This death of David Cornelius 436 same on carbon copies vol 3. hear the whistle without being pleased." Now as he was departing, the engine whistled shrilly, running round the curve by the Mill, and Tom remembered his often repeated saying. He looked at Cornelius. He had opened his eyes and was looking at Tom with a conscious gaze. He smiled, and made a slight motion with his hand and then half turned his head on the pillow and closed his eyes. It was his only farewell, but Tom believed he meant to remind him of what they had gone through to- gether. We journeyed out to Farmer's Valley to attend his funeral, for Tom knew he would have been pleased to know that he would go. The sexton handed Tom the spade to throw in the first shovelful of earth upon the coffin, according to the sad but touching custom that he who was nearest and dearest to the corpse should as it were Dave Cornelius' Grave At Farmers Valley The Cemetery there may[-] be the most beautiful site in our whole area. To the west of the old road from East Smethport to Coryville which is across the valley from the present main state highway to clean rises almost out of the Valley floor a gentle hill some one hundred feet above the Nununda. It is reached by a gentle winding road which circles about an acre planted with neat grave markers notable for both their clean simplicity and the large number whose little emblems There are no pint sized mansions of the dead built by the rich down there. Nobody was rich. But around that hill top nature's God has provided for those who see it no more beauty in every direction ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B32_F1_p102.JPG) their signify that he relinquished his charge to the kindly earth. No one else loved Cornelius so much, for no one else had ever called out his higher qualities. A man who was jealous of Tom's friendship for Cornelius said to me, "Cornelius at Farmer's Valley, and Cornelius at Kane was two different men." "'Twasn't that Cornelius ever pretended to be better than he was, but he was changed after the General took hold of him. He kinder held him lifted up, and kept him to it. I guess that's why he hated to go away from Kane. His wife was mortial jealous of the General, but she'd ought to ha' known it was all for his own good." Tom's grief was deeper in reality I think that that of the weeping wife and children, who though they had sat up all night "making mourning" since they heard of the death, had their thoughts much occupied with the division of the property left them by poor Cornelius. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B32_F1_p103.JPG) VI My husband was sorely depressed by the death of Cornelius. When I coaxed him to walk with me, there was scarcely a woodland path which did not recall his old friend. The poor fellow had exulted in the pretty house rising among its trees, and had cun- ningly devised the laying out of the fields, and roads to develope the beauties of the place. It had been the one great pleasure of his listless days to saunter in the sunshine before the door, waiting till Tom should issue forth, and then take up the thread of yesterday's dropped discourse, and bring forward some new idea that had occurred to him in connection with Tom's plans. It was natural that my husband should miss him, but I fancied that he missed him more than was natural. I feared in the secret depths of my heart, that he himself was fading away with the waning year. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B32_F1_p104.JPG) VI Milton Coons was suffering from Opthalmia, and came often to Tom for treatment. One day when Tom left the room for some article he needed, Coons raised himself up and said "Tell'ee what Mrs. Kane, General needn't take on so about old Dave. He's/none so tough himself. I doubt he won't last the winter." My own fear! And when he went on to tell me how the people round were remarking his failing strength, I could hardly restrain myself from tears. VI And heavier trials than Cornelius' death were coming to burden my husband. Mother had been more restless and unhappy than ever since she left us in the autumn. It was partly the effect of disease, but chiefly that she was beginning to admit the truth of a ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B32_F1_p105.JPG) 1866 186 terrible fear that had long burdened Tom. It was this sorrow that afflicted her deathbed, and turning to him as was the wont of all of the family/in time of trouble, she laid upon him a duty whose weight she hardly realised. It was on Sunday morning the 11th of February 1866 that the long hours of her pain ended, and her breathing becoming as quiet as that of a child who still sobs in his sleep over forgot- ten troubles, she died tranquilly - while the morning bells rang for church. She was utterly worn out with pain and sorrow: no one could wish her to live. Tom had an attack of pleurisy after her death, and when he was able to be moved I took him up to our mountains. There we spent the most wretched months I ever passed. The burden his mother laid upon him was too ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B32_F1_p106.JPG) heavy, and it was rendered heavier by one whom Heaven forgive. ¶ This unhappy person had belied my husband for years. My hus- band had thought it beneath him to justify himself even to me, and supposing the slanderer worthy of credence, even I had not done Tom full justice. He now lied so persistently and fluently as to estrange Tom's own family for nearly a year from him, and though Tom freely and fully forgave them when undeceived, it may be imagined what his generous silence cost him. I think he would have lost his reason if he had not found it impossible to keep from me the trouble that rent his heart. And I found that he thought I was against him too, because I tried to believe it impos- sible our enemy could be so bad. I think that he was crazy, even now - I cannot believe he was simply wicked. When once Tom opened his heart ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B32_F1_p107.JPG) to me I think I was able to help him bear his misery. And God helped him by giving many poor, helpless and sick people to his charge. ¶ It was during that sad winter that he nursed Hubbard. I used to follow him, recalling what the people said before the trouble came, and thinking that I should never trace his dear footsteps in another winter's snow. I tried not to wish him to live when he had so much trouble, and kept back my tears when he talked of Death as a release. I dared not look into the future when I might be bereft, feeling as if my confidence in my nearest friends was utterly shaken, now that ** had so deceived us. As he used to pause for breath in climbing up the long hill from Hubbard's, Tom loved to turn and look out over the moun- tains, and I have ever since associated with that scene the words "Fair weather cometh out of the North ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B32_F1_p108.JPG) "With God is terrible majesty." I never realised the meaning of the distich until I gazed Northward from these hills, and saw leaden clouds rolling away be- for the clear brightness that drew towards me on the wings of the cold wind. So I have fancied the Day of Judgment coming - appal- ling one with its awful light that has no vivifying warmth with it, but only deprives the hills of colour and shows them sombre and leaden under the leaden mass of the receding clouds. When the Spring came Tom grew a little better and stronger, but I hardly ventured to hope. I think the first thing that gave him a new hold on Life was the letter a brother of his wrote. Bitterly and cruelly as ** had spoken, it was not in his nature to repent by halves. His apology may have been a humbling ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B32_F1_p109.JPG) one to make, but it raised him higher in my eyes than he had ever been placed: it was so full and frank. Nor was Tom one to forgive by halves. He took his people to his heart again, and grew hap- pier and stronger. While the wretched year had been dragging slowly on, it may be believed that we had small heart to put into completing our new house. If Tom was to leave me, what cared I about the home that could not be home without him! And for his part he could not endure to think of the rooms where he had hoped to shelter his family from the summer heats of the cities. Now they were estranged from him. And the largest room, in the most sheltered part of the house ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B32_F1_p110.JPG) planned with an especial eye to Mother's wants and ways - she would never enter. We would have liked to squeeze up the big empty pile, and throw it away. But it would not be thrown away. And if it was an eyesore to us it was a double affliction to Bright, the Builder. Money was not plentiful with us, and we were tolerant of poor Bright's excuses and delays. We were not desirous of spending our money on the house we no longer loved - and we felt sorry for Mr. Bright who was growing grayer and more careworn every day. We saw that he did not understand his work and wondered why he did not give up his contract. The truth was, though we did not know it, that his creditors were fed with promises of the great sums he was to receive upon its completion. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B32_F1_p111.JPG) An occurence at this time gave me for months a horror of the "skel- eton" as we all called it. One summer morning Tom left on a journey by a very early train. There was some special household work going forward and old Jane eager to take part in it - left me to bathe and dress my babies. I was sponging Evan and Willie in one bath, laughing gaily with them as the crystal shower came down on their fair white bodies, and wondering how I ever came to delegate the pleas- ure of tending them to hired hands, when a hasty summons came from Mr. Bright. I ran downstairs. He said one of his carpenters was sick. He was lying under one of the trees and had had a fit. It was Monday. I knew the man's Sunday habits, and Bright - when questioned, ad- ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B32_F1_p112.JPG) mitted that he had spent the day in Whiskeytown, and had taken a bottle to bed with him. I had a vague idea that a person suf- fering from the effects of past intoxication ought to be stimu- lated, so I sent him a drink of ginger, whiskey and water, bid- ding him come into the house till he felt able to walk to his boarding house. He sat up to drink the ginger and bade them tell me it made him "feel right chick, and he'd come into the house directly." The other carpenters returned to their work, but when ten minutes elapsed without him moving they went to him again, and finding him swooning brought him into the building and summoned me. I had his head raised, for he was lying flat on the table, had his feet and hands rubbed, and gave him restoratives. But he died - died so quietly that ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B32_F1_p113.JPG) we had not ceased our efforts when unmistakable signs of death made themselves apparent. There was something so shocking in the suddenness of the death, the sight of the warm soft tint of the living Creature changing under my touch into the cold stonelike Thing, that I could hardly recover myself. The bright sunshine and dancing shadows of the trees played on the lifeless face be- tween the beams of the building. I covered it over and crept away to my own room and prayed God to forgive me if in my ignorance I had overlooked any means by which the poor fellow could have been brought back to Life. If I were to believe the report of the St Mary's surgeons who made a post-mortem examination, the man had been laboring un- der such a complication of diseases that the wonder was not that he should die, but that he ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B32_F1_p114.JPG) should have lived from day to day. But although the jest s of the "doctors" as they pursued their horrid work reached my ears as I lay racked with headache in my room - I fear they mere- ly thought they would let me have the names of as many diseases as would merit the price they charged. They hacked the poor corpse terribly I learned, and showed as little delicacy as science. When my husband came home he told me what ignorant wretches they were, and that I might have spared myself employing them at all. We had acquired a habit of spending Sundays, when the work- men were away, in the cool and lofty space covered in by the roof of the new building, but after this time months elapsed before I could bear to go in there. I watched the children ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B32_F1_p115.JPG) anxiously the night after the death, but they ran about the rooms in the twilight as merrily as ever manifesting no fear of "ghosts" though the hammering on the coffin had been audible all the af- ternoon, and though they had seen the cart depart with its ghas- tly burden. I sent poor "Johnny's" body to his home in Williamsport in charge of a comrade, and received in return a note from his father begging me to send him any arrears of wages there might be. I gave the note to Bright, and he received it in such an odd confused way, chuckling and muttering to himself, that I began to think he was going crazy. I knew he had trouble at home. He had two strong lads who ought to have worked for him, but they idled about or hunted all day contributing nothing to their own support. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B32_F1_p116.JPG) Besides these sons there was a flock of little black-eyed dirty pretty children always tumbling about his shanty, and the one use- ful child. This was "Ella", a girl of thirteen, who would have been pretty but for her extreme thinness. Her face was dark and her eyes black, and her little lean arms were always occupied with a baby. I used my physician's privilege to remonstrate on the way the little thing was kept chained to work while her bro- thers idled, and Mrs. Bright promised ammendment. She certainly made a startling innovation on all received methods of providing relaxation for a child, for she sent "Ella" under the escort of a young carpenter to the first "breakdown ball" in the neighborhood, whence the girl returned in the morn- ing alone, her ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B32_F1_p117.JPG) escort being "too drunk to be moved." Mrs Bright herself was a meek depressed little woman who got behindhand with her work on Monday and was ineffectually striving to "catch up to it" on Saturday night. The solitary gleam of sunshine in her life was the possession of a "taste". From distant "Port" (Port Allegheny) the rumor came before her that Mrs. Bright displayed unequalled skill and fancy in the cut- ting out of paper summer draperies for fire-places. When she was utterly out of heart and love of life, you could bring up happy looks on her worn face by a neatly turned allusion to her screens. The comfort some women derive from their gentility Mrs. Bright drew from the recollection of the leisurely days in which she used to clip her paper toys, poor thing. One day Tom came to me and asked my advice. Bright wanted him to make ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B32_F1_p118.JPG) him a payment in advance, for which he assigned various good reasons. His actions and words had been so strange for some time that we had jestingly agreed he was going to run away from his "White Elephant." I accordingly laughingly advised Tom to consent "or else Bright would be off". But Tom responded that he was much more likely to go off if he had money in his pocket than if he had none. The matter was finally settled much to Bright's disgust by a small payment in cash, and by Tom's paying two store bills of large amounts. Next day Bright's eldest son presented himself with a note which he had found in "Pa's" boarding book. It ran "Gorg be good to your Ma I can do no moor I hav run off. J. A. Bright." So he had. George wished to have ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B32_F1_p119.JPG) Tom believe him as much surprised as he professed to be. He asked Tom to have the woods searched, but afterwards acknowledged that Pa. had Jeff. (his younger brother Thomas Jefferson, his own was George Washington, commonly called Wash.) and his rifle with him. George said the journeymen had arrears of wages owing, and that they threatened to seize all the household stuff. Tom bade him send the men to him, and not to let them worry his mo- ther. When he had gone we felt very sorry for poor Bright, and wished we had not made a jest of what had turned out a reality. ¶ In the evening George came up again, this time pale with nonaf- fected terror. He said "Ma" had been very low all day, threat- ening to poison herself, and now she really had he believed, for she was lying in front of the stove in a sort of stupor. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B32_F1_p120.JPG) While Tom was preparing to go down, I told him to try an emetic. I knew Mrs. Bright had a bottle of Paregoric which she believed to be "Laudanum," and I thought it probable she had taken that. It proved to be so, and she was easily restored to consciousness "by the employment of the usual means." She was much mortified by the practical result of the poetic expression of despair to which the romances she loved had taught her to resort. In two weeks time they went away to relatives of hers in Dunkirk, where Bright joined them, and removed with them to the West. A year after I had a plaintive appeal from her for help. She said Bright was quite crazy, but was harmless and would work, "if he had any tools." She begged me to send her his chest, which she seemed to ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B32_F1_p121.JPG) imagine to be in Tom's possession - and she characteristically forgot to give her address. The postmaster's stamp was too much blurred to be legible. Quite lately one of our men met Bright in one of the Western cities, and he affected not to know him at first. But when Baker shouted after him "Say, Mister, I was only going to tell you General Kane paid all the journeymen's wages", the exile turned back, and confessed that he was only afraid of a Kane face. from Kane He had good work as a journeyman and was doing well. After Bright left we finished the house at our leisure, doing quite as well without "Builders", as with such as Bright. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B32_F1_p122.JPG) VII The architect and builder of our new Hotel stayed with us month after month. He gave little trouble, and we were too glad to have the building go forward to grudge him a seat at our table. We paid for this Hotel in various ways twice over: but my husband considered it of the utmost importance to have it built. Besides that it was necessary to the success of our plans for the Settlement, and improvement of the Country - his word was pledged to the Penna RR. Company that it would be com- pleted in time for the accomodation of the passengers by their Express trains. ¶ To say more on this head would involve my ex- plaining the whole course of our difference with the Mc K. & E. Company: the story on their part of five years of promises un- performed - on ours of nearly as long a term of expostulations and remonstrance. Three years I think elapsed ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B32_F1_p123.JPG) before we came to the final rupture. We only broke with them at last upon the settlement of our accounts. They put off and put off adjusting them until they were nearly as many thous- ands in our debt as we were worth. Tom was then driven to make his peremptory demand. The Company did not affect to dispute an item charged; but replied they had no money in the Treasury. We had to press them hard before they proposed to pay us in land! We had more than enough choice land our- selves, and we consented to wait until they could pay us by installments. But even then we became uneasy as to the sin- cerity of their intention to do so. They talked and wrote as if they wished Tom to make sales, and yet managed to avoid confirming every one that he arranged. The truth was (though we have only recently learned it) ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B32_F1_p124.JPG) - the principal Directors were also Bondholders who believed that the Company must become Bankrupt, and anticipated cove- tously the day when they might foreclose their Mortgage. ¶ They would have given Tom gladly a liberal slice of the cake, if he would have eaten it and held his tongue. They were foiled by his acting as Agent for the Stockholders, defending them and their interests against all whose interests were ad- verse to theirs. It was this annoying honesty of his which compelled their sacrificing him too - reluctantly, for they esteemed him. <¶> But when their time for "crushing" came, they found that he was as wary as he was honest, and had not for- gotten his legal training. He showed them a case made up: on which he was prepared to proceed to trial at once; and at the same time brought suit against them at Common Law in the Court of Quarter Sessions of McKean County. Before they recovered from this blow, he let them know that he was about to commence proceedings in Equity against them in Philadel- phia. <¶> To conduct these he selected a Quaker Lawyer held in the highest esteem in the world of Philadelphia. That Eli K. Price should be Thomas Kane's Counsel was sore ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B32_F1_p125.JPG) discouragement to "the Board". They intended squeezing "Thomas" for his good, until he should give in, when they would bring out a good share of booty hidden away safely for him. I think so well of some of these gentlemen who are eminent for good works, and who devote a large part of their time to active charity, that I do not like to say they were dishonest. They were astute business men, and acted on ration- al principles. It was as if the officers of a sinking ship were to decide that it was impossible to save both crew and passengers; - that the passengers were happy in their ignorance and therefore it was best to man the boats quietly with those who were most capable of taking care of themselves. And as for the Quixotic Mate who insisted on the passengers' rights, it was most merciful to stun him with a blow from which he would recover to find himself safe in the ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B32_F1_p126.JPG) longboat, with the wreck under the waves. - But this mate turned out to have the key of the powder-room! (The dis- comfiture of such a band of officers would be not less than that of the Board of Managers when Tom brought suit.) If the friendship of that most respected Quaker, Price, was in Tom's favor in Philadelphia, circumstances of a totally opposite character brought dismay into the enemy's ranks. When it became necessary for the Company to put in an affidavit of defence at Smethport, their Secretary came up to file it. Tom was sick, but started off through a snowstorm to Smeth- port to assist him if necessary. He had advised their Pres- ident to send up a lawyer, but they chose to take their own way. <¶> Tom had retained the only counsel that were to be had in the little county town. He would have carried the Sec- retary over in his carriage, and exacted for him a punctili- ous ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B32_F1_p127.JPG) courtesy of treatment. But poor fat Hacker thought he would "steal a march on the General", and "came in the MacGregor's country" via Vilcox instead of going in from Kane. When Tom reached the County Town Hacker had already left, and the whole population were in ecstasies of delight over his discomfiture. Tom was received as Rob/Roy might have been, crowds surround- ing him, and listening with applause to the narration of each little attorney who had borne his part in snubbing the un- happy man. He had finally sought advice of the editor of the County paper who receiving him with all imaginable gravity, sol- icited items. He said the General would give him none, and had declined to permit his "coming out". But he "was sure he'd like it afterwards, and the public sentiment of ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B32_F1_p128.JPG) country-side required that the Company should be "salted raw". Hacker's next recourse was to a lawyer who formerly rep- resented us in the State Senate. He is a man of great intel- ligence, but is becoming an inebriate. His characteristic is his overwhelming pride and sensitiveness about his reputation, which still stand high. Misguided Hacker held forth as a tem- ptation to this great man the prospect of his being "associated in the case with a distinguished lawyer!" Poor William's dignity was wounded. He however simply said "he must forfeit the distinction being already retained by his friend General Kane." "Friend!" echoed Hacker peevishly "he seems to have retained all the lawyers for friends!" "Yes," replied the other, "and between ourselves you will find he has retained every citizen in the County too!" That was Hacker's last effort. He fairly ran away. "Never go to a Jury up there; whatever else you do" he reported to his Employers. The Company were whipped, and the suit was settled amic- ably to Tom's satisfaction. During the campaign however ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B32_F1_p129.JPG) 1868 we had trying times. The Christmas Season of 1868 was indeed a dismal one to us. My husband had been constrained by the letters of old Mr. Fraley to go down to Philadelphia. Mr. Fraley "believed our lawsuit might be avoided." Tom would have been pleased to be convinced of the fact. The Company did not know how little ready money we possessed in spite of the undaunted front we presented. We knew that our commissariat might, nay, probably would give out before the Suit could be decided. So Tom and I parted, hoping he might return before Christmas Day with joyful news. Our case was so plain! Yes; "the Company" admitted our facts, but they claimed that they could not pay the sum due us without sacrifices of property which they were not disposed to make. Mr. Fraley's views of an amicable settlement resolved themselves into Tom's "manifesting ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B32_F1_p130.JPG) his usual generosity and magnanimity" and giving up his rights. Tom, remembering the little partner hidden among the snowy mountains waiting so eagerly for news, felt obliged to hold out. The days slipped by, and Mr. Fraley's positive answer was deferred over the 25th of December, "because he made a point of dedicating Christmas Day to his family without business interruptions." My husband felt it necessary to economise every penny, our affairs seemed to be in such evil case. Neither could he afford to expend his bodily strength in a journey here - a mere "sentimental Journey" as he tried to phrase it - with the intention of returning to Philadelphia. Our fate must be decided before he sought his home. But he fell seriously ill, the damp raw chill of the seaboard uniting with his anxi- ety of mind to produce agonising neuralgia in his <(Civil War)> wounds. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B32_F1_p131.JPG) Several times he had been on the point of fainting. He had been consulting with our faithful Sam. Field at whose house he spent Christmas Eve, but on Christmas morning he came to town, as the Fields were to spend the day <(away)> from home. He did not wish to intrude his mournful face upon festive gatherings; but feeling the premonitory symptoms of syncope, he called at the residences of his brother and aunt, and learned from their servants that they had gone out to spend the day. It was the first Christmas he had ever passed in Philadelphia without a home circle to welcome him. He determined to go to his sister's at Princeton by the first train offering, for he knew poor Bess would joyfully welcome him as a relic of the home she still pined for. But it was some hours too early. The shops and libraries were all shut. He visited two of the churches ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B32_F1_p132.JPG) which of old he used to attend with friends since dead and buried. This measure did not increase his cheerfulness; but when the churches were closed, and even the sextons had gone home, he felt more solitary than ever, and as he began to limp painfully towards the cars his increasing illness made him fearful of being alone. There was an apothecary's open, and there he took some Hartshorn and Quinine which lent him a little strength. But this was exhausted by the time he reached Fifth & Chestnut Street. There was a tavern at the corner and he turned in and asked leave to rest. The people were kindly after the fashion of those who attend the resorts of dissipation. Their manners are often genial: it is eti- quette with them not to show that they are shocked at the sight of physical wretchedness. Tom was amused to notice that every customer who came in made an excuse for partak- ing of refreshment in a restaurant on Christmas Day. Each made a casual mention of his being "about to join ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B32_F1_p133.JPG) a friendly feast somewhere at a later hour than his usual meal." Tom was ashamed to acknowledge to himself that he too felt impelled to declare that he also had a Christmas table in view. He could not refrain from smiling when the friendly bar-tender explained that he likewise was only on duty "tempor- arily" until the return of his friend the regular bar-keeper should set him free to enjoy his share of Christmas festivity. The clock had been anxiously watched by Tom, and he intended at the latest minute to rise and go to the train. But the walk through the long cold streets after his prev- ious fatigue proved too much for him and he had a swoon which he did not recover from in season. So Christmas Day, Dec. 25, 1868, from 1 to 5 P.M. he passed for a settee be- hind the counter of an oyster cellar. When I catechised him, as the wife of his bosom should, I found that he had walked up certain streets "in fond remem- brance of our early married life". But dearest Tom, it was surely not in memory of me that you ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B32_F1_p134.JPG) patrolled Fourth Street, and visited St Josephs' Church! "Why didn't you, like a sensible practical man, the father of a family, go comfortably to the "Continental" and take your ease at your Inn instead of haunting mouldy old churches with the ghosts of dead flirtations?" Though Tom smiled, I think he was a little confused by my raillery. I really believe he had half-associated me with the old, old times when I was still a child in pantalets, though he was a young man "keeping company" with - well; not with me! Besides, he was Philadelphian enough, I suspect, to dislike sitting down in his own city at a Hotel table on Christmas Day. I cannot blame him, for I would have the same feeling. So from the oyster cellar he went dinnerless to his brother's and finding it empty determined that ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B32_F1_p135.JPG) he would visit the old Aunt Ann. He knew she would rejoice to see him. Moreover he was hungry! Aunt Ann was then boarding with Mrs. Robins, and there had been a joyous family dinner. Tom was cordially received, and felt as if after a cup of tea he might revive enough to be a cheerful member of the happy circle. But time dragged on. Aunt Ann's round face became overshadowed, and her kind eyes watched Tom's movements wistfully. At length she could not resist whispering, "Honey, your dear old aunt does so wish she had not given up housekeeping! I know if you were at Greenwood you'd let Auntie give you a nice cup of tea and send you to bed? But dear Helen is such a good manager that she always provides a late dinner, and then people don't need tea." Then Tom took his leave, and looked up a Bed at a Ho- tel. He bade me afterwards never to let a wandering guest leave my ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B32_F1_p136.JPG) roof without at least offering a cup of tea. And so I bid you, my descendants. No housewife knows how many a fit of illness, or fall into intemperance she wards off by such sim- ple acts of timely hospitality! Next day Tom was very ill, and As he contrived to keep his business appointments - and receive the decidedly unfavor- able answer he had feared - he was altogether unfit to under- take the journey home. New Page It was about 4 A.M. of the 28th of December when the cars dropped him at Kane Station. There was no one to meet him, for Black, our coachman, tired of going to meet every train as I had made him do for several days, had neglected my order and was only roused from slumber by the whistle of the passing train. When Tom plunged into the darkness to make his way home a snow storm was raging. The air was filled with falling flakes, ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B32_F1_p137.JPG) LOST driven by a piercingly cold wind. By the time he reached the foot of our hill and left the guidance of the RRoad track every trace of our private road had been effaced by the drifting snow. He soon lost his way. Twice a black depth made itself sufficiently apparent to keep him from stepping over the edge of the "Deep Cut". He found himself again down by the "Tank", and there fired his pistol, hoping to attract the attention of some of the people living in the Mill Hollow, but there came neither gleam of light, nor sound in response. He lay down against a stump, and rested awhile, and there left a parcel of Christmas gifts he had been carrying for the children. Then he struggled on, but the soft snow was nearly two feet deep above the crust which broke through with every step. The exertion of walking under ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B32_F1_p138.JPG) such circumstances is great, and Tom's lameness and previous weakness made it especially fatiguing. Recognising two young hemlocks whose blackness relieved their outline a little from the sky he found he had passed our last path, the one that takes us to the house through the glade. He was forced to leave his coat there before he retraced his steps, but he was too much heated by exertion to feel the need of it at the time. As he climbed the hill the ascent seemed interminably long, and he felt certain that he had wandered altogether out of his way. He broke through the crust here at every step; the snow was between 4 & 8 feet deep. Two days after when I traced the depressions that marked in the drifts where his footsteps had been I found that he had kept very near to the line of the path. If he could only have struck upon it he would have found hard trodden ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B32_F1_p139.JPG) SAVED BY THE DOG snow beneath the soft drifts, and been able to guide himself, as a horse does over a plank road in the night. He seemed to himself to have wandered so far that it was a surprise to him to learn from me that the spot where he finally sank exhausted was just below the brow of the hill not eighty yards from the carriage drive round the circle. He must have swooned, he thinks, for he was not conscious of being cold, but he remembers no more until he was aroused by a sense of annoyance. It was Carlo licking his face roughly. He raised himself up on one elbow and disturbing him enough to make him rouse himself to push him off. Carlo redoubled his caresses, and he would not leave off until Tom spoke to him. Then the dog darted away, and before Tom could sink to sleep again, he heard the sleighbells and Carlo's loud barking. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B32_F1_p140.JPG) CARLO He was speculating half-dreamily as to the propriety of cal- ling for help, when presently he started wide awake at the thought that he was going to be run over, and cried Hoa! The bells stopped a moment. Carlo came bounding up, and push- ing his nose under him tried to raise him, and then the great gentle horses came, drawing the sledge to his very feet. <¶> Our man Black Thomas Goodwin's story was that he heard the train leaving Kane Station and hastened to harness the horses, and Carlo as his custom was came out of the stable with them. But he suddenly appeared very uneasy raising his nose in the air, Barking, and jumping on the sleigh, and pushing Goodwin so importunately that he struck him, imagining that he displayed unmannerly eagerness to be off on the excursion. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B32_F1_p141.JPG) We have two roads to the Station. The shorter one goes steep- ly down the hill following the course of the RRoad. It used to be our only road, but as the grades were bad, we abandoned it as a carriage drive, and cut a new one, descending gently to the Wilcox Road. It was into this that Goodwin drove turning his back towards the hill Tom was ascending. As he did so Carlo jumped off the sled and disappeared, and soon Goodwin heard him barking loudly in the distance. Poor Goodwin's skull is thick, but the barking penetrated to his brain at last, and generated the idea that Carlo's very unusual deser- tion of the horses, and his excitement might mean that Tom was coming the other way. When he had fully possessed himself of the notion, he had reached the Wilcox Road, but he then turned round, and went ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B32_F1_p142.JPG) back. When he drew near the house Carlo came running to him, and then he heard Tom call faintly, but he could not tell where it was. The reins were lying loose, for the horses could find the road in the darkness better than Thomas could guide them. They halted when my husband called, and then they swerved from the road and followed Carlo. The underbrush they went through scratched Thomas's face, but he thought it best to let the horses go on as "they seemed to ha' got a notion in their heads." Thomas saw nothing yet, but the horses soon made a turn and halted "where Carlo was whining and kind o' 'joicing-like over him Ma'am, you know. And the horses they'd turned their heads and was looking very quiet at the General who was lyin' most under their feet. He'd got up on his el- bow, and Carlo was pushing him to make him ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B32_F1_p143.JPG) get up altogether. I lifted him into the bob and Carlo jumped in and lay on his feet, and when the horses saw I had him in they just turned about and went as quiet as you please out to the road and drew up at the kitchen door." Carlo seemed to think he had a special interest in Tom, for he followed him into the kitchen, and lay down beside him, as Thomas laid him on the floor. Thomas then threw water in his face, rubbed him down well, with snow, and put him to bed in the spare room and it was not till two days after, not understanding my patients symptoms, that, I heard the story, and went to trace the half effaced foot- steps in the snow. ¶ That snow was still lying upon the ground when we buried Carlo beneath it. He died on the 2nd of Feb- ruary of Pleuro Pneumonia. Tom nursed him while sick and laid him out after death as if he had been a human friend. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B32_F1_p144.JPG) Tom's dangerous adventure in the snowstorm could not properly be attributed to the wildness of our country. He might have lost his way in the darkness in such a storm, and swooned from weariness in any land. But the snow lies so long here ! The drifts are only dis- appearing now in April. Had Carlo not discovered him, the swoon would have passed into death, and we might have searched for him in vain, while his body lay frozen almost beneath our feet. We have a hereditary right to dread this fearful death, for our fathers and mothers often told us of the fate of our great-grand-aunt Grant in the days of the family Hegira in Nova Scotia after the Revolution began in America. Our people, we confess with shame were Tories. Our great Aunt Morris wrote a family letter or narrative for Tom from which I transcribe the story. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B32_F1_p145.JPG) "Within two or three years after our arrival/in Nova Scotia, occurred a domestic calamity which in the "dark backward and abyss of time" stands out in terrible relief. - Mrs. Grant, my mother's youngest sister, the widow of Major Grant who fell at the storming of Fort Montgomery, embarked with heronly son (a handsome youth of fifteen or sixteen) and Mr. Chandel- ler his son and daughter, from Annapolis to cross the bay of Fundy to meet the "British Commissioners at St John's to adjust with them their various claims for confiscations, los- ses and spoliations sustained by them as Loyalists. During a tremendous snow-storm their vessel was driven on the cliffs of the opposite shore, and the passengers escaped to land by climbing along a rope stretched to the shore from the bowsprit, and then clambering up precipices they reached a table-land. Here the Ladies were so exhausted that the Men made for them a bed on the snow with ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B32_F1_p146.JPG) pine-branches, and covered them as well as they could with their coats. The men then joined in tramping round them in a ring to keep themselves from freezing and when warm would kneel down, and put the poor Ladies' feet in their bosoms. Thus they kept Life in all until daylight broke: - they then divided into parties, the strong ones taking the lead. Young Chandeller had been drowned while attempting to land. Old Mr. Chandeller and his daughter followed on through deep snow, piercing wind and a bright sun. Robert Grant and his mother travelled on all day together until she became so ex- hausted that she said "My son I can go no farther, I must lie down and die!" He had cheered and supported her as long as he was able - he then broke down branches of spruce and pine - made her a sort of bed, laid her on it, took off his coat and wrapped her in it, placed himself by her side with ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B32_F1_p147.JPG) her head on his arm, and both fell asleep. The baying of a wolf roused him, and his mother lay dead in his arms. He then covered her with snow to protect her from wild beasts, marked the spot, and set off alone under a waning moon to find his way to the nearest settlement. Within about two miles he met men with a sledge coming in quest of them. He was so frozen that they placed him in a bath of cold water, and thus his life was preserved. The men followed his track, and first found Mrs Grant, then at a little distance Miss Chandeller sitting up - dead in the snow. They traced her steps to the brink of a precipice down which her father had fallen eighty feet - the birds of prey showing the spot!" New CHAPTER In the history of a family where there are attached servants the "kitchen folk" play a considerable part. Yet how seldom ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B32_F1_p148.JPG) mention is made of what they do, the comparison made between every family's faithful servants and Caleb Balderstone shows. When my great grandmother Sybil went to Accadia - so Aunt Morris spells it - she was accompanied by two faithful slaves, two unpaid Balderstones, Old and Young Cato. Yet so full was her mind of the "parlor folk" that she makes no mention what- ever of these humble friends, though Old Cato's melancholy death must surely have been unforgotten when she wrote her account of Mrs Grant's. (But here is his story) Poor Cato was lost in the snow fields near the house. The story comes to us that he must have lost his mind, for when his body was discovered they remarked that he had been walking in a wide circle, ever following the traces of his previous footsteps, apparently without remarking the recurrence of grove and ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B32_F1_p149.JPG) fence and solitary tree. The poor fellow's path was tramped hard by his weary nightlong journey ere he lay down to die within sound of the horns the searchers were blowing to call his attention. It is strange how soon the mind becomes bewildered when the body is lost in the forest. In the cases that have come within our own experience it would seem as if men lost in the forests in winter never kept their minds. There were two huts by our spring the winter of 1863-64 occupied by RailRoad contractors. A tiny clearing surrounded them. One fearful night, shots were fired near by, and a hail was given. Tom, who was inside the largest hut went to the door with some of the engineers. On the edge of the clearing two figures were seen moving in the snow. They had fired the shots and given the hail, but when the light streamed out from the ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B32_F1_p150.JPG) opened doors of the huts, they began moving away. No per- suasion would induce them to cross the snowy space between them and the huts, because they dared not trust themselves off the path they had struck upon. When a dozen active fel- lows pursued and brought them to the fires with friendly vi- olence, They feebly resisted, unable to take in the idea that they were safe. The people of the forest tell stories of men being temp- ted away from their clearings to follow the wolves "called by them" they say. But the only instance I ever heard cited was that of the minister of the Teutonia settlement. He left one of their merrymakings abruptly, was seen going quickly towards the edge of the forest, and was never seen again. The story in the country is that he "was called by the wolves", But I imagine that it was started for their own ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B32_F1_p151.JPG) purposes by parties interested in concealing the truth. It was easily credited by the timid Germans, who fresh from their own Black Forest and its legends of the Wehr Wolf, were ready to believe anything fearful concerning the forest depths that shut them in. The minister had no friends to prosecute in- quiries, but I have heard an old man who was one of those who went out to search next day, say that another set of foot- marks joined the track the minister made in leaving the clear- ing, and that although there were wolf tracks where the human footsteps ended, there were signs of a hard struggle in the beaten snow, and one man's trail leading back to the settlements. I asked him why he had not pointed this out, but he made some remark about the "wolf" that called the minister being able to catch him alone if he talked too much, and I suppose it was prudent to be ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B32_F1_p152.JPG) silent. The Teutonia settlement has disappeared, and the minister's fate will never be cleared up. Now people could hardly be lost without more effectual search being made. Yet this strange craze that stupefies them, may while it mercifully benumbs their sense of misery, lead to their dying silently within a few feet of human help. Between our scattered settlements there are seldom more than seventeen miles of unbroken forest, and men who have to go from one to another over the snows on foot, go in parties of three or four together. A swede or two were lost for a single night last winter, but found in the morning. But the winter before we came here to live, Tom came up over the mountain be- tween Wilcox (?) and Smethport (?) in a sledge with Mr. Barrett. About nine at night they overtook a trav- eller on foot. There was a struggling glimmer of moonlight which showed him to be picking his way fastidiously where all was snow ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B32_F1_p153.JPG) and ice along the beaten road. "Drunk, I reckon" Mr. Barrett said, but pulling up his horses in kindly country fashion added "Jump in, stranger we'll give you a lift." The man got in, and his first care was to turn up the soles of his feet to see if his boots were dry! He was almost too cold to speak, but when Tom gave him a sup from his pocket flask he talked away fluently enough. He was not at all intoxicated, and told them with a half-dead indifference that he was all right now, but he guessed the other two would be cold enough by morning. "What other two?" Why back there. Ye must have passed the , for its not more than a mile I've come since I saw the light of their fire." ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B32_F1_p153a.JPG) Note: The following is newspaper article placed in original book in page 154 BADLY FROZEN. - On Tuesday last as Roswell Sartwell with his brother Samuel were going to Alton, they overtook an old gentlemen near what is known as the "Eastman lot," who was so badly frozen that he could scarcely walk. They took him by each arm and succeeded in getting him to Alton, when it was discovered that his hands, feet and face were badly frozen. He would probably have perished in another half hour had not the Messrs. Sartwell happened a- long and rescued him. We hear that this man stopped at the house of Geo. Irons on the pre- morning. Being refused he started on toward Alton, but for some reason, when he reached the steam mill, he went into the barn and stayed all night. He had likely become so cold and fatigued as to be unable to go farther. The barn was empty, so that he had no cover- ing to protect him. Very likely he was bad- ly chilled if not frozen before he started on his way in the morning. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B32_F1_p154.JPG) To be sure Tom and Barrett had noticed the brands of a decaying fire by the roadside but no one had answered their call, and they supposed it had been left by some hunter. Barrett backed his horses to turn round, but the stranger seized the reins and struggled to prevent their going back. He would give no reason, but when they overpowered him, tried to jump from the sleigh to proceed on his way. It was an in- sane fear of freezing if he delayed - the perverted exercise of the instinct that kept him from lingering over the fire with the others. The exhibition of a pistol barrel gleaming in the moonlight subdued him. When they came up to the fire they found it had been kindled at the foot of a hollow tree which acted as a chimney. When Barrett jumped down, a man rose from ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B32_F1_p155.JPG) the dying embers and tried to run away, but was too cold to control his limbs and fell. They put him in the sleigh, and searched for the other, who lay a little way off insensible. It used always to make Barrett laugh afterwards when he spoke of the conduct of the men already in the sleigh. They took no heed of their companion but leaving Tom and Barrett to resuscitate him, which they were long in doing, quarrelled and chattered like madmen as they lay among the hay in the bottom of the sledge. Next day they were as peaceable and commonplace a set of fellows as ever hung over a tavern-fire. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B32_F1_p156.JPG) The danger of being lost in the woods is not our only one. There are times when the winds sweep over the forests, and great trees fall down before their fury. Here and there are spaces where a "windfall"* has occurred a vast reach of forest felled in inextricable confusion and defying the skill of man or beast to penetrate it. I remember that I had an experience *one of these shows on Gen. Kane's map I have at Silverside as being on the northwest end of a hill south of Tally-Ho between Windfall Run and KINZUA CREEK. E. Kent ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B32_F1_p157.JPG) (That within these lines not in with the continuity of the story.) Our hilltop gives us a wonderful set of echoes. When there is a thunderstorm the many valleys that diverge from it bring up the reverberations to the delight of a lover of storms. For my own part I could very well forego this advantage. The children love to watch the swiftness with which the storm and its shadow on the hills come over to us, but the nursery training I received deprived me of any pleasure in the sight. Note - Repeated almost exactly on Page 161 of one of our sudden storms in the spring of 1866. Some of us worshippers in the log "Church of the Wilderness" had undertaken a Sunday School. I took a Bible Class, I remember, which in- cluded that poor old harridan Mrs. Coons as well as some inno- cent little girls whose attainments placed them beyond the elementary classes. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B32_F1_p158.JPG) Our Superintendent dismissed us abruptly one morning, bidding us all hasten home before a storm he had seen coming should burst. I started to go by my usual path <(from Kane village)> along the ele- vated trestle of the mill, and thence by the high RR. embank- ment to the foot of our hill. But I had scarcely set foot on the trestle when the wind suddenly rose, turned my umbrel- la inside out, and so nearly blew me off the platform that I dared not proceed. So I turned and took the pathway through the woods. I was wet to the skin in a few minutes and chilled by the wind, while the incessant lightning terrified me. I prided myself however on going along unconcernedly, and in- deed I could not well go fast, for the wind took my ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B32_F1_p159.JPG) breath away. When I came within sight of the house it looked very far off as I toiled up the hill. I was seen, and to my surprise Tom came running to me waving his arms and shouting to me to hurry. When he reached me/snatched and threw away the broken umbrella I was still carrying, and dragged me up the hill so fast, that when I reached the piazza I fell down gasping for breath. While the servants brought me a glass of wine, and I struggled for the power of swallowing it, I heard a great crash, and a tree fell close to the house. Then Tom told me that up here on the heights he had heard waht was in- audible to me down in the wooded valley. He knew that the sound was the tempest roaring up the Kinzua, and there indeed we learned a great windfall oc- ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B32_F1_p160.JPG) curred. When the clear tranquil morning of next day came Tom took me down the path I had traversed. It was strewn with broken branches, many of them large enough to kill me. Right across the path lay a huge tree whose fall behind me Tom had heard when he came flying down to warn me of my danger. And the trestle was broken down by the fall of another huge tree. I have not again risked being out when we can see the "thunder-blue" resting on the Tionesta Hills. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B32_F1_p161.JPG) Our hill top gives us a wonderful variety of echoes. When there is a thunderstorm the many valleys that diverge from it bring up the reverberations to the delight of a lover of storms. For my own part I could very well forego this ad- vantage: but the children love to watch the swiftness with which the storm and its shadow on the hills come over to us. But there are other scenes to be seen in the sky above those same hills - scenes of warmth and light, with the azure overlaid by a rosy flush, or tinged with bright electric clouds, and the glens between overflowing with a steel blue haze. Kane is I think a ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B32_F1_p163.JPG) Look up 162 (note: Page 162 is crossed out in original writing.) (Look up) remarkably pretty village for one that has no pretension to antiquity. The situation is so high that the hills slope down from it until the forest swallows up the cleared ground. But here and there above the distant tree-tops you catch faint glimpses of blue that tell of mountain ranges to be seen one day, when the "Nye Sveria" farm settlement climbs over the hill toward us. The RailRoad shops of stone are quite picturesque. They are at one end of Kane, and our house, separated from the vil- lage hill, by ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B32_F1_p164.JPG) the Mill Hollow, is the last on the other side. In the Mill Hollow there are several cottages and barns all belonging to us, beside the Mill, but our House is effectu- ally screened from the sight of them by the wooded hillslope on which we stand. Tom would have kept our house absolutely secluded. But to please me he has cut an opening in the for- est through which we catch a glimpse of the Hotel which I think very pretty. We can see the Hotel but the people there can have but a very faint notion that the gleam they sometimes see on the hill is the sunlight on our tower. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B32_F1_p165.JPG) The RR. stopping-place is to be at the Hotel, and we hope it will have a good reputation as a summer retreat. We cannot however show any "views", as yet to tempt tourists, for the forests cover the land. And our horseback rides are almost too wild for the romantic young lady, who likes to ride in the sweeping habit of fashion. Nor are there anywhere near Kane beautiful lakes and streams such as the Adirondack region boasts. Our woodland has its own spell, in the sense of rest and peace it inspires. And our skies are perfect. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B32_F1_p166.JPG) From our piazza fronting to the West we overlook the long Tionesta Valley. The sun seems to set on a level with our feet, and in winter the low rays turn the snow banks rosy with blue shadows, while the whole sky glows with colour - even to "the daffodil" hue that Tennyson is ridiculed for claiming to have seen. The prosaic smoke and steam sent up in rolling louds by the locomotives passing, hidden in the "cut" below us, are tinged with glory. I often wish we had a river, or sea-view, instead of the one we have of range after range of soft blue hills, but I ought to be satisfied with the varying beauty it displays as the seasons alter. NEW CHAPTER And if there is beauty overhead, there is no ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B32_F1_p167.JPG) country out of the tropics which can boast greater loveliness under foot. Our wild flowers have a vividness of colour, and freshness of scent about them that is as rare as the sweet- ness of all the roots and vegetables. A botanist would find a study of our fungi worth making. I have sometimes arranged a group of toadstools in a low flat vase decked with ferns, and have seen them admired as flowers. Some are a translucent red, a clear yellow, or a milky white. Others have an opaque red outside lined with delicate flutings of pure white, while there are blacks, and browns of all shades, with some curi- ously spotted ones - to soften them. Then the wart-like growths on the trees, some so large, that I have used them as ornamental brackets. These look just like polished old mahogany, while others again look like large gray solid tassels edged and banded with white. Both these kinds seem to ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B32_F1_p168.JPG) live long, and on live trees. But the children assert that those on fallen damp logs come in crops, and frequently draw my attention to a fresh growth of dainty white, or soft yel- low ones, or more hardy looking "moth wings" - and bid me re- member that they were not there a few days ago, and will soon be gone. I daresay the children may be right for they are diligent little students of Nature. Evan and Elisha the servants remark go "mooning" about together, all through the pleasant weather. The little fellows greet us with some new pleasure they have found with innocent joy beaming in their faces. They are shrewd observers too. It was Evan whose laugh rang through the woods when I bade the children trace the source of the delicious odour that was wafted to us. "Its a decayed cherry log, Mamma, and the damp warm wind brings the smell." It was Evan again who came to me with butterflies perched on his tiny fist and flapping their wings as they crawled over his little blouse, and even half entangled among his clustering curls, seduced to light there by a tempting feast of mud held in the hollow of his hand. Evan has many little toad friends who suffer him to stroke their backs, and ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B32_F1_p169.JPG) carry them about. But Elisha is a little botanist, and has a "Botanic Garden". There the children transplant every curious growth that strikes them, and the vagaries of their unchecked fancies are sufficiently amusing. Harry cares little for the plants. She makes little houses where Dollish colonies live whose family and national histories she can recount by the hour, and you can hear the dialogues she holds with and for her paper people full of shrewd sense and fun, and quite careless that no one is listening to her. Willie's establishment is a little apart, for he is too destructive in his propensities, and too eager in all his ways to be trusted among the treasures. Willie plants anything that strikes him. When I remonstrate with Will for pulling up his choice specimen in order to display it to me, Evan says "It makes no difference, Willie's plants are used to it, and besides it had no root!" Evan's garden is artistic. His deft fingers seem to injure no delicate root, and the dainty little ferns, and trailing vines he loves flourish well among his miniature hills, and reflect themselves in the (bits of broken mirror!) lakes bordered with moss that adorn his Eden. How happy he is when he finds that a squirrel has made one of his grottoes real ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B32_F1_p170.JPG) by carrying off the nuts he had placed inside! Elisha's garden resembles Evan's, but that he aims less at producing a picture. His delight is to show that he has succeeded in coaxing some rare plant to grow, and the long botanical names roll off his tongue trippingly. More even than his plants Elisha loves his pets. All creatures love him too, dear gentle heart.* Little baby children toddle to his arms, and follow him uncalled: I mean not only those he knows but strangers. When the children go out, the pets seem to distinguish between their playing quietly under the trees or setting off for a walk. Then there is a rush of wings, Tommy, the blue pigeon lights at their feet and accompanies them all the way, walking or flying alter- nately and cooing from the stumps he rests on. The cat comes along too, walking with her friend the dog, and the fawn comes bounding up. Sometimes the fawn, the dog and the children play "tag", the pets enjoying it as much as their patrons, and Tommy flying in delighted circles round them. I speak of the fawn and the dog, but already these friends of ours are gone. The fawn died just when I was beginning to dread his becoming an unsafe playmate for the children. *Elisha as an old man had a wonderful way with all parrots, dogs and toads. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B32_F1_p171.JPG) And Carlo the shepherd dog died since I began writing these pages, on the 28th of Feb. 1869, when we had learned to mingle respect and our love for his intelligent face. We had resolved to treat him as never dog was treated, for he had saved Tom's life. But before we had time to carry out our plans for his benefit, he died of Pleuro pneumonia, and I had him buried on the hillside where he found Tom lying. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B32_F1_p172.JPG) But Tommy lives still, Tommy the dearest and best of pigeons. My husband provided Elisha with seven pairs of the most won- derful pigeons that could be found in Philadelphia, each pair more noted than the others for some "fancy" beauty. He thought Tommy whom we have had three years would die of age and apoplexy, and that Elisha's heart would be consoled by the new pigeons. But the delicate little creatures could not stand our severe winter, although I gave them a room in the house. Tommy stayed out of doors, and, instead of being pleased with his new comrades, manifested a comical jealousy. Even now when we pause to admire one of the dainty little doves perched on a pinnacle of the roof, its pure whiteness relieved against the blue sky, Tommy steals up to it, and pushes it off, and then lights at our feet strutting and cooing proudly. Tommy is a common pigeon I believe and has been taught no tricks. His little ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B32_F1_p173.JPG) ways are his own, and are we think prettier than anything he could be taught. Tommy tempts the children to a game of play by making little runs at their feet, and retreating, and Of a summer morning when he has found his way in through an open window, he coos at the various doors until the children open to him. These do not seem to be very wonderful performances, yet we find them winning. And when we praise Tommy, he shows his gladness so prettily! We shall miss him when he dies more than we should miss some of our human neighbours! ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B32_F1_p174.JPG) It was only a few months ago that I felt we could call ourselves really civilised. I counted up seven sewing-machines in the houses on Fraley Street which I thought proofs that ours were no longer rough "backwoods people". And when an "agent" called from the Wheeler & Wilson Company, and after putting my machine in perfect order told me that Kane would henceforward be visited every three months by him - I was so exultant that I wrote to my sister, boasting of our enlight- ened ways. Helen's reply arrived the very day the Agent had applied for protection and advice to Tom. A "lady" to whom he was endeavoring to sell a machine conceived herself to be addressed with a "double meaning," and called her hus- band who thrashed the poor old agent. Tom and I, as well as a "jury of matrons", that is to say the public opinion of Kane, declared him ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B32_F1_p175.JPG) innocent, but he said he dared not come here any more. Before we could forget the incident, another occurred which further shook my confidence in our tameness. Tom was suffering from neuralgia, and I was writing this paper beside his bed. He had just fallen asleep, when I heard a slight noise below. It is curious that one always recognises at once when the sound means - "Something wrong!" My heart jumped into my mouth. "The kitchen chimney's on fire, and they are trying to put it out without disturbing Tom", I thought. I stole to the door, and met Martha. "Oh Mrs Kane come down", whispered she "there's something gone wrong." At the foot of the stairs stood a stout man, his hair disordered and his face purple, while his starting eye- balls and panting breath spoke of haste or fright. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B32_F1_p176.JPG) I recognised Mr xxxx, the Superintendent of our Division, of the RRoad, and in an instant all the calamities that could possibly be told us by telegraph flashed into my mind. But why should Mr xxxx be so scared! I asked. "Anything wrong, Mr. xxxx?" "Yes, no, yes, for God's sake let me see the General" he answered, beginning to ascend the stairs. I was fleeter of foot than he, and gained a moment to wake Tom without startling him. Then I retreated and waited with extreme curiosity for some information. Soon Tom bade me tell the servants to know nothing of Mr. M's coming, if necessary, they might say as from him that he was gone. He said he could not tell whether M x was insane, or simply frightened out of his wits. At any rate he was in hiding here until he chose to go away. It was really comical to us who were ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B32_F1_p177.JPG) not afraid in our own persons to remark the precautions M xx insisted on having taken before he would venture down to meals & the bolting of the shutters in our innocent house; when we were used to let the light stream out as it would till bedtime. The engineers said they liked to see the dis- tant light sparkle from our hill-top when they were toiling up towards Kane. M x seemed satisfied that he was safe when the shutters were closed, though, any one could have tilted the slats and fired through them. In the daytime one of us sat with in a closed room lighted artificially, and if a child or servant entered he started and flushed violently. Another man, an excellent shot, but a mean and vicious wretch, with whom he had had some difficulty had come to him as he went about his duties. He said "M x I am going to shoot you, but as ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B32_F1_p178.JPG) the safety of the trains depend on you, I'll not have any blood but yours to answer for. So I'll give you five minutes to telegraph any special business." M x was unarmed, he entered the telegraph office while J. stood rifle in hand before the only door and window on that floor. But even a Falstaff can be agile in the prospect of death. M x, the obese, dropped himself out of the back window in the second story into a snowdrift and fled for his life to Tom. Tom went over to the station the second day, and fright- ened J xxxx into believing that it was M...who was thirst- ing for his blood. The two enemies dodged each other with great care for about a week. The end of the matter was that each promised each would spare the other, if that other would spare him. Less than three weeks after, Martha the maid said to me - "Mrs Kane there's another ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B32_F1_p179.JPG) scared looking man - he's in the kitchen. He asked for the General and got behind the door." Tom took the individual to the "school-room", presently sending out for food and money. As the man quitted the house, I heard him say "General, you don't know how I did sweat coming up the hill. It occurred to me all of a sudden that maybe you wasn't at home, and how glad I was to see you through the window." I daresay the cheerful group round the library table, and the blazing fire were a very pretty sight - but since then I have the shutters closed at nightfall when Tom is away, for who can tell what creature may be looking in! ¶ Tom told me to ask no questions when he came back, but two days after he said - Bess, I may not tell you the particulars, but since he is safe ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B32_F1_p180.JPG) now from pursuit, I will tell you this much. The man who was here thought he had committed a murder, but in my opinion it was only "manslaughter", that is if his opponent is dead. I did not know him, but he brought me word from one of my old captains who had spoken of him to me once, and he thought he would seek me out. He came direct to our house and I could not do otherwise than to give him something, and hide him for a time." I wondered where Tom had hidden him, but my convictions of our civilised state had so dwindled away that I silently assured myself there were enough of our citizens who knew how to hide or protect a fugitive from justice at Tom's bidding. Tom went away from home next day, and I suppose his "friend" is in safety. By the by - I wonder if he is the odd looking stranger at Jervis's! New chapter Our climate too is not yet as tame a one ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B32_F1_p182.JPG) (Note: Page 181 is crossed out in the original writing, and is only a repetition of General Kane's ad- venture in the snow, in which he narrowly es- caped death.) as we could wish. In winter it certainly is a rigorous one. I have passed over our troubles in plastering the house in winter. And yet they were such as would not occur in an old settlement. We had to employ the Plasterer when we could engage him, which happened to be in January. When he brought his hands the weather was so bitterly cold that we feared to have them begin, but neither he nor we could afford to keep them idle. We had stoves in some rooms, and ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B32_F1_p183.JPG) box pipes leading heated air from them and from the heated air registers into the rooms that were coldest. Tom sat up several nights keeping the fires going. In spite of all our efforts there were places where the cold would penetrate, and there we scraped the frost off, and ironed the plaster inch by inch. When we reached the tower room in the attic Mr. Y. arrived from Phila. He laughed at our contrivances with good humored superiority, and said we were "behind the age". The right way was to freeze the plaster hard! Accordingly the fires were extinguished and the biting winter wind ad- mitted freely, and we joined with Mr Y. in lamenting that there was only one room left for his Experiment. It was completely successful in spots! Yet as every two or three y ards there would be a space from which the plaster fell off entirely and as it only adhered ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B32_F1_p184.JPG) with consistent firmness to a few ugly corners it was after all as well that the only room so finished was in the attic tower. Mr. Y. however had a philosophical reason to "explain" every weak place, and said he would like nothing better than "to have a chance" to try the plastering of the Hotel, by this al fresco method. Unfortunately, an opportunity was afforded him. His work it chanced having been kept back until the following winter. I visited "the Building" myself to see a new stove roaring in every one of its hundred rooms. But Mr Y. was there also provided with a "good reason" for this apparent inconsistency. The Stoves, he said would have to be purchased some time; and it would be well to test the draught of the chimneys & dry the woodwork thoroughly. (If it did not dry well it could not have been for lack of fuel - for all the stoves were sold for old iron when the plastering was done, having become hopelessly cracked by overheating.) Mr. Y. is an experienced builder. But I would rather have him try his experiments on himself. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B32_F1_p185.JPG) As a Corporation "has no soul" it was well therefore that the "stove" experience should be theirs, and that upon their buildings he should try the paper roofing material, which so soon flapped dismally in the autumn wind and rain. We tried at his recommendation to line a room with the paper, and it was a costly failure. I wonder whether the patentee gave him a commission for introducing it! Before the house was finished I grew a little uncertain of Mr. Y's "certainties", and when he displayed the pretty specimen shavings of box, maple, walnut and cherry sent up by the "Wood Hangings Com- pany", I decidedly refused to be the first to try them on our walls. Tom, I think, was strongly tempted by them, for they would have suited so well with the beautiful wood- work of our rooms. All our woodwork is of cherry, ash, chest- nut, birch, etc, Mr. Y? Yarnall? ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B32_F1_p186.JPG) from our own woods, and the effect of walls veneered with panels of the same would have been very beautiful. But Tom yielded to me. He said I should have my own way about the house altogether. He would only be my first "Slave of the Lamp." And so the furnishing is after my own fancy, save that Tom took up my crude ideas and harmonised them on wall and ceiling as he does my written ones on paper. He says my complete isolation from society has kept me from copying other people's houses, and made ours original. Want of means prevented me from going to the cities and laying in a stock of furniture after the mode of the day. I was compelled to rely upon what we owned, and this was fortunate for me. Such furniture as we had was either of solid richly carved old ma- ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B32_F1_p187.JPG) *Look up Ormolu hogany, made in the Judge's youth by his direction and in the best taste of his day, or the pieces of our beau- tiful Girard Street plenishing, Tom's own taste. These were marqueterie and *ormolu, and dark carved woods inlaid with marble, the spoil of old French palaces. I had room enough to place each article where it looked its best, and by my husband's advice, instead of supplying the pieces that were lacking from a New York cabinet makers', I engaged the services of a queer Swedish fellow who had strayed up here and who made me quaint sideboards and buffets and tables of our native woods that gave character to the rooms. We had collected during our homeless days a quantity of beautiful ornaments, and these with Elisha's Arctic paintings, ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B32_F1_p188.JPG) our family portraits, and a few choice paintings deck our walls. And we have quite a library of books. With such possessions I could hardly fail to make pretty rooms. And I think no stranger enters the house without admiring it. Of course it is perfectly charming in my eyes, but then I should see beauty in any home that was gilded by the sunshine of my husband's loving presence. "Now that I have a horse and a cow everybody bids me good day," We cannot help the thought when some valuable old book, or family portrait is offered us. There was a time when such tokens would have been of importance to us, as floats as well as buoys, keeping us up/the world's eyes. Now they think our house is the best Museum they can keep them in - that's all. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B32_F1_p189.JPG) Now those who send them seek to have them preserved in a craft which will keep above water by its own staunch- ness. Tom feels this with a certain amount of bitterness, but there is something touching in it to me. Americans have as much pride of birth as any people and will look up to the Head of the Family most loyally - provided he first prove himself the Head. In this day I suppose the Van Rensselaers, and Livingstones who left the tame old countries brhind for the lovely were regarded with a somewhat contemptuous pity by their homeloving relatives in the flatlands of the old country. But when their feet were firmly planted in America, there was no lack of respect paid them, and their "eccentricity" was acknowledged to be "wisdom." It is natural that prudent people should wait to judge a man until he has "proved himself". Those children of light ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B32_F1_p190.JPG) who help a struggling man are not wise in their gener- ation. "He may sink, and take them with him", before they can unloose his clasp. Many, too who would like to help him, are restrained by the influence of others. For the desperate swimmer when he reaches land, you will see numbers hasten forward to show the oar, or the rope they had restrained - perhaps it was the honest thought of the owner to be ready for the hour of extremest need. "You have dry clothes at the inn? I am almost sorry, for here was a coat I could have spared". "Your house is furnished? I am truly sorry, for here is some ancestral bedding. Perhaps you can find room for it?" "Much obliged, I don't need it. Yonder is poor Jack dripping wet. He would thank you for your dry clothes, your warm bedding." "Ah Jack is unlucky always. He would just ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B32_F1_p191.JPG) get wet again. I would like before I die to know my things are going to be kept safe from moth and rust!" ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B32_F1_p192.JPG) When Aunt Ann* paid us her first visit and saw my pretty parlours with their polished floors of cherry and chestnut, upon which I had spread rugs of bear and deerskins, she lamented that she had sold her "parlour car- pet". "Child, if I had only known you would ever have such a house as this, I would not have sold it. Espec- ially when it only brought a fourth of the price I paid!" I would have given it to you, do you hear, child?" I heard, and blessed my fortunate stars that had averted the gift. That parlor carpet! How well I remembered its gorgeous flowers, the pattern that sprawled all over the floor, cut off by the walls before the design had fully been represented. Aunt Ann always boasted that it gained a prize at "The Exhibition". I suppose it must have been for the purity and depth of tone of its reds and blues *Anne Gray Leiper Thomas Mrs George Thomas who built and gave the first Presbyterian church at Kane ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B32_F1_p193.JPG) for I remember how completely they killed the indigo piano cover with its faded yellow flowers. My summer parlour here has delicately tinted walls on which hang exquisite little paintings by Hamil-* ton from Elisha's Arctic sketches. No amount of regard for Aunt Ann's feelings could have reconciled me to have the effect of the polar icebergs destroyed, and the glow of the northern lights quenched by her flamboyant car- pet! Aunt Alida prays us to send for the old Rutsen ancestress' portrait from the Schuyler walls. It is hers, she says, and moreover "these Schuylers have gone down in the world." Aunt Ann reminds us that she always PAINTINGS BY *HAMILTON FROM E.K'S ARCTIC SKETCHES - ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B32_F1_p194.JPG) meant that her portrait by Sully should come to us, though it unfortunately happened to be sent to the rich F's country house in the days of our darkest fortunes. Yes, my "eccentric genius" of a husband is now acknowledged to be "Head of the Family." S lavery is abolished, the Soil is Free, the States are gradually adopting the Constitutional Amend- ment which gives the Right of Suffrage to the Black Man. Utah is powerful. - In short "respectable and prudent people" have ranged themselves where Tom and his "Queer friends" stood to be pilloried in former years. Our relations are even forgetting how lately they blamed him for "making that poor young wife of his associate with those horrible Female ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B32_F1_p195.JPG) Medicals," and some of those who most loudly asserted that I should lose all delicacy of tone are proud to claim my friendship. Women who denounced my studies most vehemently come to me with wistful faces and pour into my ears sad stories of unnecessary sufferings, induced by ignorance endured in silence because they "could not bear" to reveal them to a male "doctor". When I am at the sick-bed of a friend, I find those very men, who abused us most roundly, giv- ing their directions to me, looking to me for the ac- count of symptoms, and practically taking me into con- sultation. My experience is only a straw which shows how the wind blows. A few days ago I received a let- ter which drew happy tears from my eyes. I copy it here, for the day will come when it will be an honour ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B32_F1_p196.JPG) to have possessed the friendship of Ann Preston. And yet I have endured a petty persecution of pin pricks for daring to receive her on terms of equality in my house! 1015 Cherry Street Philadephia March 31st 1869 My dear Mrs Kane, I wonder if you know how much pleas- ure your letter of December last afforded me, or with what frequency and affection my thoughts go over moun- tains and fields to you? Many rich blessings and dear friends have been given to me, but your friendship, coming early in my struggles in this city, and coming from one whom I could so truly love and admire has ever had a peculiar sacredness and charm. I send you our College Announcement and Hospital Report. By reference to the third ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B32_F1_p197.JPG) page of the Cover of the former you will perceive that among our consulting physicians at the Hospital is your old friend Dr S. Weir Mitchell. I met him yesterday at the Hospital for the first time and we spoke of you in such terms as friends may speak of the loved and absent. I liked him the better because his words showed that he appreciated you." ¶ (Weir! He who turned on his heel and quitted the sick-room to which he was summoned in consultation when he found that the doctor in attendance was a woman. Mrs. Cleveland was then Miss Horton, and I remember well the indignation she ex- pressed to us students when she came into the College. I wonder if Weir has forgotten it!) "It is perfectly surprising even to some of us who have worked in the faith of "the better time" when prejudice should be overcome, to see the rapid change in professional sentiment. It was only the first Sat- urday this year that Mrs. Cleveland and myself feeling that the time had come took some 15 well-trained ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B32_F1_p198.JPG) students to the clinic at Blockley "not knowing the things that should befall us there." When Dr Stille on his entering and looking round, commenced his prefa- tory remarks with "ladies and gentlemen", and ended them by saying he "welcomed" the ladies to the clinics of the Phila Hospital", we were as much surprised as grat- spell out ified. Week by week until the close of our session from thirty to forty of the ladies of our school attended these Saturday clinics, receiving only courtesy, and exhibit- ing a trained self-command that made us proud of the class. And we, we who had worked and waited so long, we could only thank God who forevermore vindicates the truth and sustains the feeblest instruments, we could only say "Why should we ever in the darkest days distrust the triumph of right over wrong, or fear that evil should prevail!" So she ends, with a pretty ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B32_F1_p199.JPG) mention of the bay window of her office in the home she has earned by her own work, and the green gar- dens it overlooks. She at any rate has kept her re- finement, and her poetical feelings, and is still the quiet little Quaker lady who won my girlish ad- miration years ago. Yes, I might end my writing by saying that our work is done, and that the "causes" in which we strove are triumphant, but I would rather say If His work is complete, He who invited us "to labor in His vine- yard" still says "Lift up your eyes, and look on the fields; for they are white to harvest." I thank Him who spares my husband to me and enables us to work together. May He bless our labors in such of the coming years as He leaves to us here! April 11th, 1869 And Oh, my Dear grandmother, what a lot of his work was yet to be done! If you ended this in 1869, did you dream that you and your daughter would attend women's medical and graduate in 1883 the great blowup with the McRean and Elk L & I. Co. and his purchase of lands at Sheriff's sale & Tax sales that your husband would get the great Kinzua Bridge completed in 190 days in 1883 that he would inherit Alida Constable's Phila. home at 13th & [---] and that he would die there Dec 26, 1884 of Pneumonia caught while attending [--]dly explosion Engineer [---] Elisha 1st graduate of John C. Greene School of Science at Princeton class of 78 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B32_F2_p001.jpg) EARLY REMINISCENSES OF KANE By Mrs. Elizabeth D. Kane. Written for the Kane Leader, July 4th, 1896 I have been asked to contribute some reminiscences of the early days of Kane to the Woman's Edition of the Kane Leader. They must necessarily be of a more personal character than I should like as those who were among our earliest neighbors have all all died or drifted away from us, and I cannot appeal to them for contributions in aid of my memory. My first knowledge of this region dates from the year 1856 when my father-in-law, Judge John K. Kane, and a half dozen of his friends purchased a large tract of land in the counties of McKean, Elk and Cameron and formed themselves into the McKean,& Elk Land & Improvement Company. My husband came up # to inspect the property and wrote to me in glowing terms of the delightful exhilarating air, and the freshness of the forest. He arranged a summer visit for us, and I made my first trip to the mountains in the only way then practicable. We left Philadelphia for New York , and thence by rail to Olean. Here we took stage as far as Smethport, where a large, but not a very attractive hotel, the Bennett House, received us. There was a stage route from Smethport to Ridgway then, following a line now abandoned in favor of the road via Wilcox. This highway gave me my first acquaintance with corduroy roads and places where brooks had overflowed and the bridges had floated out, and not been replaced. Mile aftermile of unbroken forest was traversed, but then there were also new settlements that have since been abandoned , and have either relapsed into second growth or woodland, or taken on new life under other conditions. Such were Ginalsburg, Clermont, and Williamsville. The last was a pretty little village in a valley of the Clarion on the edge of McKean county. The Elk county line crossed the hill above, and along the highway stretched a straggling settlement of new farms which were included in the name Williamsville. We boarded with Judge William P. Wilcox, the pioneer and after one delightful season, we bought his place, and spent our summers there. It is now the residence of Hon. A. A. Clay. During our stay there my husband explored the forest thoroughly, looking up railroad lines, and a better route for the Sunbury & Erie Railroad (now Philadelphia & Erie) to cross the Divide than the one they had chosen. He found the pass, now known as Kane Summit, and the old line was abandoned after a good deal of expensive work had been done. Traces of it remain in the valley, higher upon the hill than the present line, as it had to ascend more rapidly. An embankment below East Kane, and a cut ending at the Walford farm remain, too. I think it was to come out near where the A. J. Nohlquist farm now is, and there was to be a fillage. However, as I said, the new line was adopted, and Colonel Kane determined to locate the village of the future on the present site. He decided to prove his faith in its capabilities by making his own home there, and in the summer of 1860 began to build. We were to have a stone house, and the stone was cut and hauled, and the cellar built that season. All the lime was brought in from "York State" over ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B32_F2_p002.jpg) over a road cut through the unbroken forest from the nearest point on the Smethport and Ridgway "pike road." Then came the Civil War. Thomas L. Kane offered his services to raise a regiment as soon as the fall of Sumter was known. I need not tell the story of the Bucktails, and how nobly each little forest clearing and tiny valley farm gave up its best and dearest for the country's need. Their heroic deeds are not forgotten. Our plans came to a standstill. In 1862 my husband was lame man, a prisoner on parole for a few weeks, and as he was anxious to revisit McKean county I undertook to help him to do so. By that time we could go as far as Lock Haven on the Sunbury and Erie. Thence we drove with two gentlemen one a contractor, the other a land owner who hoped to establish a settlement later. I don't remember the place, because he succeeded in giving it a pleasanter name. It was then known as Rattle- snake. Work on the railroad had been suspended for a time and we drove, sometimes along its grade, sometimes along an old road that was in part covered by the railroad and in part used by contractors. It ended at Emporium, where we were met by Mr. Willis Barrett with our own carriage and horses, left in his care during our absence. We spent the third night of our journey from Philadelphia at his pretty farm, four miles from Smethport, and drove next day to Howard Hill, now Mount Jewett, where there were two or three settlers. From there we had to go on horseback, riding on our very rough carriage horses. Two men and the hunter, David Cornelius, accompanied us on foot, and led my horse through the green pools and swampy places of the contractor's road through the forest. My husband's crutches were strapped to his saddle, and so we made our way to the site of our future home. What a disappointment I had! My husband had told me so much of the beauti- ful view we should have, and the fine rolling country around Kane, that I had imagined I should see the views and appreciate the situation. Instead, late in the afternoon, tired and hungry, we came out on a tiny, tiny clearing in which a cellar had been finished, and a ram was pump- ing a stream of water. Nothing else showed signs of life, and the tall encompassing forest trees enveloped the clearing in deep shadow. Even the cut stone for the house had disappeared, taken, as we afterwards found, for the "big dump," as they called the high embankment near the present town. Riding further on, following the sound of axes falling briskly, we came upon a force of men engaged in cutting out the rail- road line, in front of our place, and on the partially built embank- ment, and a few shanties in the hollow. This was all there was of Kane, and I was not sorry to retrace our way to a log hut called "Castle Dalson." It stood somewhere on the stream called from it, Castle Fork, and had been built for the accommodation of a party of mining engineers, who were examining our lands under the superintend- ence of a Mr. Dalson. There was no one there at the time but the peo- ple in charge of the camp, Michael Glatt and his wife. The hunters had provided a fine mess of trout for our supper, and a thick bed of hemlock twigs on the floor for our repose. For my part, however, I was too thoroughly an inhabitant of the cities to enjoy it, and lay long awake, shuddering whenever a little green worm crawled up my sleeveor inside my collar. Next day we returned to Barrett's and thence to the New York and Erie Railroad at Great Valley. We visited the homes of all the Bucktails that we could on our way, gi ing them news of their boys, and I never ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B32_F2_p003.jpg) shall forget the touching scenes, as our wagon halted, and the people would come hurrying down from their work on the hillside, or from the logg cabin to ask after the welfare of son or husband, or to hear how bravely they had died for their country. Bradford was not in existence, and Tuna Village contemplated giving up the ghose, as the Marshburg coal field had not fulfilled its promise, and it was thought that the railroad branch from Great Valley would be taken up. We made a trip over it in a had car brushing through the deep meadow grass that was intruding on the track. I next saw Kane in 1864. General Kane had a busy saw mill in operation, with shanties for the workers down in the meadow swamp between where the McCoy Glass Works now stand and the P & E Railroad. We moved into the new building, which was to be our barn, in Sept- ember of that year. It was temporarily partitioned off into rooms for our occupancy, as our workmen were unwilling to face the winter if we would not. We had by this time a postoffice in one of the group of buildings where the railroad officials dwelt, some of which are still standing opposite the round house. The formal opening of the railroad for service occurred a few weeks after we moved in, and we were able to get regular supplies from Warren and Erie. We had a "store in town," however, a fram building of extreme simplicity, placed if my memory serves me in the rear of wheer Magowan's drug store now is. Here young Orlando D. Coleman showed his faith in the future prosperity of Kane, and he was among the first purchasers of lots in the infant town. A street was surveyed, running North and South, and named after Hon. Frederick Fraley, one of the members of the McKean & Elk Land & Improvement Company. The prosperity of our village was believed to be assured by the location of the car shops of the Philadelphia and Erie Railroad here, and the site selected by Mr. Coleman on Fraley Street was about where the business centre seemed likely to be. The two points of activity were the railroad shops and our saw mill. We had a public school too. It was a log building in a hemlock grove. I have or had before the fire of March 23rd, a large photograph of the school, with a group of scholars astride a log. One little merry face belonged to George Mell, but I forget the others. Many improvements have taken place in Kane, but I confess that the lately burned engine shed of the Pittsburgh & Western railroad company with its shabby surround- ings, was a poor substitute for the grove and the picturesque log school housr whose site it occupied. Here religious services were held on Sundays by a Methodist lay preacher, and I have seen the squirrils run across the rough, bark-covered rafters as he exhorted. I think that the cottages which stood on Fraley street, one of which mow occupied by Mr. Donachy only remains, were put up in the summer of 1865 with the idea of being occupied as summer residences by General Kane's associates in the Company, until the projected hotel should be completed. A double cottage was erected on Chase street for two of the Philadelphia carpenters, and another, Mr. Lafferty, decided to throw his fortunes in with the town by committing himself to the erection of what was then the finest byikding. It is still occupied by his daughter, Miss May. The double cottageon Chase street is now owned by Edward Brooder. One's plans undergo great changes in a few years and outward cir- cumstances exercise as great an influence over the direction of the groth of a town. While we owned the Chase street building, we called it "The Hospital Cottage" because General Kane hoped to establish a Cottage Hospital there. From the experience he knew how to establish ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B32_F2_p004.jpg) From experience he knew how marvelously wounds heal in this air, and he felt that this was a place where a hospital would be a blessing to the community. The necessity of it was always on his mind, but the destruction of our mill by fire, and the great strain put upon his resources, and those of the few other stockholders who had faith in the country, to pay for the large tract of land the company had purchased, prevented his carrying out his plans. No one would help to found a hospital in Kane, and the General turned his at- tention to Bradford. Before his death he succeeded in interesting philan- thropists there, and since his death a pavilion of the hospital has been called after him in kindly memory of his efforts. In Kane his wish has been carried out by the unaided efforts of his family, and the tiny cottage hospital which his son Evan, first built on the Smethport road has been abandoned for the larger hospital in the Thomson House Park. This is now inadequate to the needs of the work, as the hospital is thronged with surgical cases, and has more patients than many of thrice its size. A blow to the growth of Kane was struck by the removal of the railroad shops to Renevo, and with the change of population caused by it, the American and Irish citizens ceased to predominate. Horace Greeley had strongly urged on General Kane the excellence of the Swedish element in citizenship, and in the years 1867 and 1876 he started successive farming settlements along the Smethport Road. The influx of Swedes was preponderant, and they now form a very large class of our citizens. The log school house was soon replaced by the pretty frame building now used as a church by the Swedish Missions Vanner. Divine service was held ther here alternately by the Methodists and Presbyterians, until the Methodists erected their first church building on Fraley street. The first, and I hope the only murder in Kane, occurred one bitterly cold winter night about Christmas time, when a husband and father crazy for drink killed his wife and the infant in her arms to get from the poor woman a few miserable coins to spend in farther intoxicating himself. The scene of the murder was a little house at the corner of Fraley and Field streets. Our small community was horror-stricken when the news spread, for the of course every one knew the parties concerned and felt as if the calamity had entered each household. Usually, however, ours was a quiet happy village, and the intention to make permanent homes was soon shown by the planting of shade trees along the street fronts. Grown people who as children saw those little trees set out by their parents can scarcely reconcile themselves now to see them cut down to make room for stately shop fronts and concrete pavements. Few of the grown men and women who helped to found Kane remain, perhaps Mrs. D. T. Hall, the Starsmears, the Youngs, Mr. Meese, and myself are the only ones, though many of the children are now the heads of households, as the Magowans, McConnells, Mrs. Randolph Campbell, the Lay, Hyde, Kavanagh and Gervais families. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B32_F3_p001.jpg) The War on Kinjua Negotiations had failed. In spite of K's notice to the P.C.L & P. Co. that their lease had terminated by reason of failure to com- ply with its requirements, they had begun an- other well in defiance of him. K's sales for H.G.C. to Hulings and to Taylor were of lands under this lease and guaranteed their freedom. H. L. Taylor had advised K. to oust the dril- lers. So did Hamlin and Brown, lawyers here, if it might be done peacefully, but pointed out the stringency of the law of 1860 against dispossession by violence. Clay and Fallon, lawyers of Philadelphia were afraid, and counselled various sorts of legal proceedings in the Courts, the effect of which, even if final- ly successful, would have been to keep the lands unsalable until the expiration of the time in which they had been placed in K's hands. The new Well was in 3085, part of the Patterson trust for Aunt Ann, and the Pat- terson heirs. Robert, afraid of K's acting as agent and claiming fees for service render- ed; and not fully understanding the state of affairs, but sure that "any man of common sense could act in a straight forward way," served a 30 days notice on Bushnell President of the P. C. L. & P. Co__ thus recognising ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B32_F3_p002.jpg) the existence of the lease to date, and further intimated his willingness to commence a new one. K. had spoken against this, K. had advised his being allowed to oust, K. was not to be trusted: therefore, do ex- actly the contrary of what K. advised must be the interest of Patterson, Field & Co. K. dashed to New York: he had previously made Fallon as Patterson's counsel authorise his bringing suit in trespass against the P.C.L. & P. Co:, he had himself com- menced a suit against Patterson to prove that he had an equitable interest in 58-59. He told Bushnell that Patterson could not act independently; asked him if he knew that the suit in trespass was commenced: scared and worried him in short, into coming up to Bradford to negotiate with K. as lessor of the whole property. Bushnell came—but proved to have no authority to conclude anything, the fact being that the P.C.L & P. Co: are in the hands of the Standard. He went to Cleveland "to see a prominent Stock- holder" probably Rockefeller, and was to return on the next Friday with full powers to conclude. But he didn't come: he ran away ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B32_F3_p003.jpg) from Cleveland sending a simple telegram to the effect that he <[---]> could fix no time for a meeting. Here I am now at the point I started from _ Negotiations had failed. K. did not want to quarrel with the Standard in propria persona. He thought of writing to A. J. Cassatt and saying that he would wait to hear from him for one week whether the legal pro- -ceedings he proposed taking would conflict with their interests. But after the letter was written, he decided not to send it, most fortunately, as it proved. Fortunately, also, Fallon was away on his autumn holiday, and though anxious to be put in possession of all the facts, did not know them, and so had no chance of negotiating for Pat- -terson by letter; while K. had put Fallon up to insisting that, as counsel he had not Patterson must act. K. knew well that if he were unsuccessful Patterson would disavow him; he was risking his own life and that of his men; Clay would not disavow but would worry _ and there would be the great tedious lawsuit ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B32_F3_p004.jpg) to fight. On the other hand, "nothing succeeds like success." He knew that no time was to be lost: a certain critical two years mentioned in the lease would be up in a few days: worse, the well was nearly completed and would of course be declared bad. The policy of the P.C S&P. Co. is to damn the lands held under the Lease, and then buy them in low, under various names, in order to lock up the field. The Hulings Well struck the oil unintentionally, and to use the expression of Seth Hulings "It was only your getting on the ground that day and wrastling" (in argument, of course) "with Marcus, that kept him from spiling it." If K. sought for backers he would not have had them. What he did he must do alone and at his own risk. On Friday morning Sept 27 K. sent for Landrigan, scolded him for not completing work on the Wilcox Road, and told him to get a gang of men and go to work at once at a point some two miles down the road. And he induced Har- vison the "boss" of the track layers to let [Written sideways in left margin] *No time w[---] ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B32_F3_p005.jpg) him have a few of his men. [---] said that they must camp out that night; he him have a few of his men. K. went down and looked along the faces of the gang, nearly all strangers to him, asked their names and privately wrote down his selection No time was to be lost. The P. C. L & P. Co. gave out the report in Bradford that they had reached 1831 feet the Saturday before: had been drilling down rapidly past that; were somewhere in the 1900s without having any oil sign whatever. K. knew that their intention was to aban- -don the well and discredit the territory. enough: considering the terrible res- -ponsibility Tom was taking. He did not explain directly to me, but in the course of the drive, I came to understand his plans. We met our boys, returning from fishing with cans full of live trout to put in the pond. [---]s without having [-] to abandon the well and ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B32_F3_p005a.jpg) him have a few of his men. [--] said that they must camp out that night; he would bring provisions and blankets to them. Harrison and Landrigan thought that K. as Commissioner of the Road was going to be "presented" for the condition it was in, by the Grand Jury, and that his anxiety was to have the men seen to be at work very early Saturday. xxx K. asked me to take a last drive with our horses/one was sold and was to be taken away) as he wanted to carry the blankets to the men himself. I did not want to go, the road being rough, the sun just setting with a cold wind blowing. I tried to persuade him to let Nohlquist go instead of him, and when he persisted in taking me, I was "right down sulky." However, I cheered up presently, probably because I happened to be correct in a small difficulty about the harness, and we drove along cheerfully enough: considering the terrible res- -ponsibility Tom was taking. He did not explain directly to me, but in the course of the drive, I came to understand his plans. We met our boys, returning from fishing with cans full of live trout to put in the pond. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B32_F3_p006.jpg) How well I recollect the scene! We were just by Griffiths clearing, and the shadows were long in the valley. Up on the opposite hill top the Pipe Line Men were clearing for the new tanks and the blue smoke curled up in the evening breeze. The men's voices reached us as they called to their cattle, preparing to quit work; and up there "Sunset light Shone over it with a warm good-night." Our boys', less sulky than their mother, and cheerfully agreed to cross the valley, climb the hill and tell one of the teamsters to come to our house, there to wait our return. The boys were not to leave a message, but were to remain with him, and see that he did not come alone but brought his team. Yet they must con- trive that he should not be told to bring it. The boys did not make a remark about their fish that would have to be killed, but strode off across the valley, Evy long-legged like a colt, Willie, still round and chunky trotting after him. About two miles further on we found the men and Jim. I do not know how far K. informed Jim Sandrigan of his ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B32_F3_p007.jpg) intentions, but I suppose he knew as much as I did by this time. Jim was very sick, and while he was anxious to do what the General wished, he was too sick to be his prompt, thought ful self. This was why he was not trusted. The Wilcox Road and the Smeth- -port, the latter leading to that down which they must go to reach the Well, are run almost at right angles from each other. Our house is near the point of intersection. Where the distance across is greater, say about 1 ½ miles is a logging road with a barn belonging to Nell, near the Smethport Roadside After night fell, Jim suggested to the men that they should "unknown to General," steal along this logging road with their blankets and sleep in Nell's barn, so as to be able to return to work early, also "unknownst" to General. We found on our return that, not only had the boys secured one teamster, but that another was waiting for him outside so that they might go home in company, [-]K. kept both wagons. Now, he had everything so quiet that even if one of his men should go to Kane, he could only tell that he was going to work on the Wilcox Road, more than sixteen miles from the Well. At 2 A.M. on the 29", Harry and ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B32_F3_p008.jpg) I having long been asleep. K. set out with his wagons. Jane and Carrie were up help- -ing him, (Jane in high glee throughout the War by the bye, K. having associated it with memories of her youth and hiding stills from the gaugers!) He picked up the men at the barn, and drove out to the Lafayette Road. He had been so careful to keep from displaying an interest in the Well, that neither he nor any one with him knew where the track leading to the Well left the Road. The night was pitch dark and very cold; and the new Lafay- -ette Road is in a terrible condition. Rain in squalls too — and not a dog out of doors to call attention to the wheels wheels. They pressed on in the darkness however, till the panting of an engine quite near them revealed the neighborhood of the drillers. Then they got down, K. hid his men and rode little watch went down to reconnoitre. Alas! he thought, informa- -tion had, somehow, reached them. Dark as it still was, lights began to flash in their hut, and the men were moving about busily. Still he kept quiet, reconnoitring. And lo, before the dawn grew gray, four of the drillers emerged and gaily bidding the others inside the cabin goodbye, struck [The following is written sideways in left margin] No. K. says till his horses' feet — he was driving the first wagon, the men geing afraid — struck the logs of a little bridge. Then K. dismounted got down, and the horses being taken out he rode first on watch to recon- noitre, the men following slowly. Much sooner than they expected he heard the "exhaust" of steam. He then went on by himself. on foot [---] watch to be held by them. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B32_F3_p009.jpg) into the woods, coming directly towards K, yet, as he thought, ostentatiously avoiding to notice him, as he stood motionless among the tree stems. Then they struck North, to Brad- ford by the Lafayette Road, K's men having come from the South. When they were out of rifle shot K. rejoined his men, and explained what they were to do. In the drilling of an oil well there is usually, and was here, a cabin at a short distance from the well used as a boarding house, then the derrick with the lower part partially boarded up, and from it a low wooden building like a rope-walk ending with the engine. The fires have to be at some distance from the hole for fear of the gas. As the dawn grew gray K. saw two men go to work in the derrick. He told his men to follow him. Two, Galvin and Mc.Cue, were given a sharp knife and a pry. They were to go straight to the engine and boiler, to cut the betting and damage the machinery while K. and his followers rushed into the derrick which they supposed they would have a fight for. Two others were promised $5. apiece to keep the men in the boarding house as [Illegible note in left margin] ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B32_F3_p010.jpg) many minutes from the derrick. One came back after Then K. came riding quietly down the path. The drillers looked up, they saw one man on horseback and another near him who took his horse. In the dim dawn they saw no one else, and supposing them to be some of the many oil-people who come over there spying they went on with their occupations quietly. One was turning the rods as they went up and down, the other sharpening a tool. In another minute K. was between them closely followed by Jim Landrigan: in another minute the little derrick house was full of men. The drillers had no time to communicate <[---] by signs> with each other , and K., laying a heavy hand on the shoulder of one, and saying "I have papers to show you," carried him off, to the boarding house now reported empty. The man said- Well, I suppose you will. let The man hung back, fearing an ambush, till K. said, unwittingly accenting the word, "You have no reason to be afraid ," when a thought seemed to strike him, and he went in. He said - I suppose I may take my fun and things?" "Oh yes, certainly." Then he went and took one of six loaded rifles [Written in left margin] All this [-] C. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B32_F3_p011.jpg) they had there, and having it, said "What's to prevent my shooting you?" "Nothing," replied K. "except that I'm an old soldier and you'd find it hard to do!" and escape afterwards. After that K. had a a parley with the man, who He grimly joked about "their feelings at the office" when he should reach the nearest telegraph station and report the seizure of the well; so soon after they would have heard of its safety from the four who had just left. Two men had left on Friday morning with a wagon load of their goods. At no time had they had fewer than 8 to 10 men all armed. K's men were unarmed. He had taken with him four pistols, but he found Jim too sick, and the others too young or too cowardly to be trusted with arms. He had only about a dozen altogether. His idea was that he should obtain possession of the engine and compel the P.C.L & P. Co's men to hurt him in obtaining possession again. Thank God that he arrived just as the four men left; and the six rifles were all in the boarding house, so secure did the two that were left, feel. It was now necessary for K. to return to Kane for arms, men and provisions ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B32_F3_p012.jpg) What provisions the men had carried with them were consumed by breakfast time. Having set his men to work to make themselves comfortable, he left; leaving orders not to touch the solitary man in the derrick. What a weary man K was when he reached home! But he could only rest one half-hour. He had to organise every- -thing and to arrange for the daily pro- -visioning of his camp. <[note illegible due to small text]> He carried Evan out with him; <[note illegible due to small text]> telegraphing his success to <[note illegible due to small text]> Hamlin, Clay, Judge Brown and H. L. Taylor. Every one who apeared after that was arrested and compelled to give an account of his passersby were not suffered to use the State Road. What was done to certain suspicious persons afterwards who behaved as trespassers will not perhaps be edifying for [---] here I have no doubt that the terror he created in the P.C.S. & P. Co. was great, for he was desperately in earnest, and is as much feared with his Bucktails and his Irish as ever Claver'se was. Evan returned with his father late in the night. He described to me the cabin the men were completing, built against the derrick house and opening into it by a door. And he made rather a touching description of the poor soldier who stayed in the derrick, worn out with rage hunger and mortification, his eyes red with the im- -potent tears he had shed, trying to tempt our men to hurt him. They on their side taking all he said in good part, or laughing [Text written in left margin difficult to read due to small text] ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B32_F3_p013.jpg) and teasing him. He welcomed Evan: I think, brave as he was he was glad to feel the safety assured by the presence of the boy. At length, Evy told me, "Father went to him in the derrick, and began, you know how, Mother, "we old soldier" talk, and comforted him up, and presently threw his arm over his shoulder, and they grew very friendly. And after a while they left the derrick and walked away together, and Father led him across the picket line and he went off." "He told Father that what hurt him was Jacky McDonough's twitting him with working for the Standard, the poor man's enemy and the enemy of the country, and going again' the ould Pioneer'_ that is Father." He said they had still kept six men each with his rife, till that very morning*. They had had a much larger force armed, daily ex- pecting an attack, (until word reached them that Bushnell was keeping K. safe I suppose.) The well was so near completion that they dared not drill any more for fear of striking the oil. Accordingly, the Contractor Avery with three of his men had left, and on Monday the officers of the Company were to come out and condemn the Well. At this ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B32_F3_p014.jpg) was Saturday, K. was only just in time. I ought to say that before he let the P.C.L. & P. Co's men go, he made them sand-pump in his presence and securing some of their first quality sand. He also had the actual depth measured with their own wire reel, as they gave a false depth. The true depth reached was 1462.6 feet. Seth Hulings said that so far it corresponded with the "Great Owl" in its developments. Fort Elisha, the Little Owl Farm House, St Huberts', and Fort Kane as it was successively styled - the last being the men's name for it - grew gradually. At first K. slept in the room they built round the derrick, but it became unsafe, for the gas began to come and a hurried departure and putting out of lights en- sued. As the force of men increased - there were eighty at one time - though K. had only fourteen when he took possession - more buildings became necessary. K. was out there nearly all the time. On Saturday afternoon he hired Dick Looker, as a Jew, to engage the men who were to keep on, fortifying through Sunday. K. was at the Well most of the time, ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B32_F3_p015.jpg) Saturday night he spent part of, there, Sunday night he was there - Evan acting as vidette came backwards and forwards. I did what I could in writing the necessary letters, and forwarding supplies. Attacks were expected every night, but although the enemy prowled round the lines, they dared do nothing against the large force K. had. Monday the 1st. October 30th. Sept. Evan drove Campbell's horse to the Well, carrying out supplies, and Willie. After being there but half an hour they returned with Dr. Freeman who had come over through the woods from Alton; they supped here and collected what arms we had and returned picking up arms as they went. I ought to mention here that K. was agreeably surprised by the pluck some of the Swedes showed - Nohlquist and Lanz and Paulson particularly: the latter making his appearance as a volunteer, simply asking at what hour the attack was ex- pected. The night passed away without an attack, however. Our Special Artist, Evan, returned Tuesday morning, the 1st October with a cinder in his eye and suffering much. Nevertheless he began to paint the scene, as it looked ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B32_F3_p016.jpg) during the preceding night. The derrick was still standing, and the lower part was boarded up as a cabin. In one corner was a doorway leading into a log-hut, in front of which great fires were kept. I think there was another block house, whose only entrance was from a hole leading out of the derrick: here K. was entrenched. As I have never been there I do not know on what days the different changes were made. All I know is that, failing to take them away them- -selves due notice to do so having been given, K. had the boiler, machinery and fishing tools carried over the line into Hulings territory: he had the derrick taken down, and the "farmhouse" roofed in over the hole. He had interviews with various P.C.L&P. Co. people, and showed himself at Bradford for a few minutes braving the Writ, but leaving before one could he served. In the meantime, Bushnell was not idle. Patterson was interviewed, and fortunately would do nothing till [-]allon's return. K. had vainly tried through Clay to buy or lease a single [The following is written in left margin] and escaping over the alton and [---] the heights [---][---] [line illegible] ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B32_F3_p017.jpg) acre round the Well. Clay wrote that Fallon wrote to him that Patterson declined to have any more to say to Clay as he was sure he represented General Kane. Fallon returned, reported that Patterson was not so unman- ageable as Field, who was "violent". Ques- -tioned further it resolved itself principally into fears that "the bloody and deceitful man" might somehow involve them in his wars and his fightings. Fallon and Clay both felt that they could not restrain P. & F. from acting with Bushnell and disavowing K. On Thursday evening, the 3rd K. returned here, but was hidden away. Friday too he spent here, but upstairs with blinds down and house closed: riding ostentatiously away while Evan and Willie guarded the paths. Then Evy met him, took the horse and K. stealing back through the woods was admitted by me through a window. He felt that he must put backbone into Clay and Fallon. Accordingly, he rode down to Sergeant on Saturday where the train could halt to pick him up - he standing across the Elk Co. line while Nohlquist held his horse in McKean - I went up myself to the station to see the conductor and engage him to halt the train. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B32_F3_p018.jpg) 6th Octr. K. spent the whole of Sunday with Clay and Fallon preparing them for the debates with the P.C.L & P. Co. After his return he alternated between here and the camp, fortifying it more completely, sowing oats which have come up all round the "farm-house" like ten- -der green grass, and occupying part of his men during the day in cutting paths for the purpose of showing off the lands. The weather has been singularly fortu- -nate - a long golden autumn the leaves re- -maining on the trees and turning in more exquisite colours than is usual even here. A cold rain set in yesterday, the 16th <17th>, but up to that time there had been very little. Saturday afternoon the 5th as K. was starting for Phila it set in to rain, and on the 6th rain with a little hail. For the rest of the time when rain came it was in the night. The boys were out at camp with their father on the night of the 15th - 16th - and a little sketch of the fort at that date is pre- -fixed to this account. It was after 12 when they reached there, and they were up early. Yet the busy field-mice filled the toe of K's shoe with oats, one of Willie's with shavings and a hoard of ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B32_F3_p019.jpg) rice grains was commenced in the pocket of one of the men. <[Note illegible due to small text]> The gas has increased sufficiently to run the fire at the farmhouse, so civilisation may certainly be said to be introduced there. Yet in Bradford the "roughs" object to going to re-take possession of what they call The Shades of Death! Upon instructions received from K. negotiations were proceeding with the P.C. L&P. Co. up to date. Then a storm broke the wires and I may fill up my time of anxiety by copying the telegrams and letters so far received. I ought to say that while K. was thus occupied at the fort, he had his daughter at home too ill for me to be of much help to him in his corres- -pondence. He had law business with Mr. Clay: he had a lawyer to instruct about the titles to the lands and to show him the character of the country: he had business with the United Pipe Line people; he had business connected with the settlement, the village, the hotel, the question of repairing or enlarging it: a host of other matters in short. He is worn to a skeleton, but if he succeeds, Hope will restore his strength, I trust. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B32_F3_p020.jpg) Correspondence Fallon to Clay. Forwarded to K. with endorse -ment by H.G.C. 3 P.M. October 10th 1878 Bushnell's Office N.Y. Dear Sir; I have your telegram: have submitted to B's Co. two offers dependent on one another and to be accepted by 12th inst. or they are withdrawn One on behalf of all parties now owners of any lands in the Prentice Lease mentioned - that that lease mentioned - that shall be recognised as terminated and be cancelled accor- dingly. The other on behalf of Patterson agree- -ing that the above done he will give a license or lease on same terms as the Pren- -tice Lease covering 58-59 (his lands) I think it probable that this can all be done without modification - tho' Bushnell says not - and feel certain that if I am also authorised to include in a new lease the North Part of 3123 - 3124 North of River or Branch that it certainly can be done. please write me Care of E. Patterson Drexel Building so that I may get it by Saturday, whether this if necessary can be conceded, and generally your views on the subject. I am not quite certain ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B32_F3_p021.jpg) whether I can be here Saturday etc... Truly &c John Fallon Clay's endorsement written in Court. The above recd. by me from Mr. Fallon this morning. I replied that you would not assent nor would I to putting in the lands he men- -tioned. I also said that I did not suppose you would agree to putting in any lands whatever, that he must remember you had told him that you claimed an interest in the Patterson land and that a new lease of it or any part of it would require your sanction. H.G.C. Phila Oct 15. 1878 H.G. Clay to T.L.K. My dear Sir; Mr. Fallon told me at 2 PM that Bushnell and his Committee were here and had agreed to a complete surrender of all their rights under the Prentice Lease, except as to laying pipes, with the under- -standing from Patterson that if they was done they would get a new lease from him. I told Fallon that he ought to telegraph to you in full at once. While he was away sending off his telegram I prepared a rough sketch of an Instrument of Surrender, of all rights except as to Pipe Laying ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B32_F3_p022.jpg) which last rights I believe have been assigned. Fallon on his return considered the form good. He says that B. and the Committee have full power to act. If this be so, and the sur- -render is obtained, the consequences to us are most important. ~ ~ Very sincerely etc H.G.C. Phila Pa 15th Oct Jns Fallon to K. B. with Committee of Board and full author ity have on condition that ninety nine year right to lay pipes be not included in abrogation they accept my offer on behalf of all stated in my letter to Clay of tenth abrogating lease. I see no objections to this: we are pre- pared to execute papers answer promptly if you object to above condition. This done Patterson ready to give them new Lease same terms on his land which it is proposed to execute at once. John Fallon K. to H.G.C Oct 15 - but was not forwarded until 16th [Written in left margin] Telegram (literally copied) Telegram ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B32_F3_p023.jpg) Why should I go on with the preliminary steps: when on the 19th Oct. we receive the final news? After much battling the terms were signed in New York on Friday evening, receiving authorisation from a "Standard" official, before the great P.C.L.&P. Co. dared to do so. K. receives the Prentice Lease can- -celled, the 7/8 interest of the P.C.L.&P. Co. in the Well and one acre round it, the new boiler engines and machinery. (They offer him $1500. for the Well without the boiler & machinery if he chooses) He suffers Patterson to lease his 58-59 to them _ since P. is determined to do it! And he grants them the Pipe Line Right (which they had earned:) ex- -cept as regards Taylor; and Hulings' Lands. But it is conceded that this right shall no longer be an exclusive one. Now all K's lands, and all those he has the agency to sell are free, and are worth infinitely more! [Notes at bottom of page illegible due to small text] ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B32_F3_p024.jpg) 1878 The War on Kinji[-]a ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B32_F4_a00I.JPG) Mother's acct of Grant's visit vivid & anecdotal—Together w. insert of the "Mischi[---]" celebration ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B32_F4_p001.JPG) I 1869 The President and his family visited us this summer. It came about unexpectedly. While I was passing the somewhat weary days of Tom's absence last April finishing my story of The Big Job, his business carried him from Philadelphia to Wash- ington. the Editor of the has professed gratitude to Tom for kindness shown him in his early days. I believe that Tom upheld him once almost against his will, and kept him from sinking into ruinous dissipation. I remem- -ber Judge Kane's protesting against Tom's Quixotry in inviting such a man to our house in Girard Street when I was first married. But Tom was steadfast in his opinion that would be the better, and we none the worse for our letting him see that ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B32_F4_p002.JPG) Respectability had not turned its back upon him. He was right. I do not know exactly's present character, but he is a powerful man in the city where he might have been a poor vagabond, and I think he does not forget the days when Tom kept him in the Hotel, and with Elisha's aid brought him safely through an attack of Delirium Tremens. His paper used often to help Tom's philanthropic projects, backing them up, because they were Tom's, with an earnestness that was droll when compared with the ordinary tone of its teachings. At this time was very anxious to have Tom's name figure on the list of a party of gentlemen of less note who were to take a trip to the South in aid of a philanthropic, patriotic, and lucrative! - land scheme of his. To please Tom went in their com- ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B32_F4_p003.JPG) -pany to call upon the President, but having no personal interest in the matter, kept in the back- ground. Grant however, coming forward, singled him out, and after a few pleasant words request- ed an invitation to visit him at Kane during the summer. Tom was greatly surprised, and more than a little embarrassed for he thought of the un- conscious Mistress of Kane, and her dismay when she should hear the news. When he came home I began making jesting inquiries as to the people who had kindly volunteered to visit us, for remote as our home is our kith and kin do not suffer us to feel lonely during the pleasant summer months, and he rarely re- turns from a journey without mentioning some proffer of friendly society. He overwhelmed me with the list as he quitted the roll of relatives and men - ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B32_F4_p004.JPG) tioned this or that wholly unexpected comer. But when he named one of Brigham Young's wives, with a tribe of his sons and daughters, Chief Justice Chase and paralytic old Judge Grier of the Supreme Court whom it takes two men to lift from one chair to another. I held my hands over my ears in self-defence, crying, "Come, Tom, you had better tell me at once that Grant is coming!" "Why, how did you guess that?" he answered with surprise. Guess it! Far enough was I from guessing it. When he told me that it was really so, I did not know whether I was most pleased or distressed. The honour to be paid "my man", for Grant spoke of his visit as a mark of respect to our family as represented by my husband, delighted me. Looking at it from this point of view ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B32_F4_p005.JPG) I do not pretend that I experienced any other sentiment than delight. But when I came to think of my deficiencies as a housekeeper, my igno- rance of "polite society", my forest bred children, clad like myself in garments of my own fash- ioning; then the fear predominated that we should discredit and mortify Tom. And if the Grants came, what should I do with them! how should we amuse them! I begged Tom to excuse us from the painful pleasure. But he said, "No! You must write to Mrs Grant, I told the General you would." I should have dreaded my writing my less, could I have known then how its receipt would alarm the Lady of the Land. Poor Mrs Grant was no letter-writer, she confessed afterwards, and felt afraid to trust her pen. So my note remained unanswered, and I began to think we might ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B32_F4_p006.JPG) have been deceived. But as his wife wouldn't, or couldn't write the President took her place. Twice he wrote, and once telegraphed, naming a day for his visit, or deferring it. The latest time fixed was overpast, and I was half-gladly half disappointedly feeling that our other guests might be received, when a letter came from him asking whether a visit about the 13th or 14th of August would suit us. Should Tom prefer another time, Grant went on to say, he might fix any date between that and the beginning of October. We both thought if the visit were to take place at all, we had better have it over, and Tom accordingly wrote in answer, "Yes". "Better a finger aff, than aye wagging", says the homely old Scotch proverb. I was tired of expectation, especially as Tom would not permit me to put the rooms in guest array. One of his broth- ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B32_F4_p007.JPG) ers with his wife and family was spending the summer with us, and their apartments must be vacated, and cleaned. But Tom desired to have the General's purpose kept private, and therefore made me keep silence even with the members of the household. We told Jane only who was coming, for the dear old Balder- stone merited our confidence, and she exulted over the prospect. "Though I wadna say but they're no to compare with the Kanes; and its but fitting the President should show respect to Mr. Tom", she was careful to say. There was but one guest whom Tom was resolved to entertain with Grant. This was old Simon Cameron. When Tom was wounded at Dranesville in December 1861 Cameron, at that ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B32_F4_p008.JPG) time Secretary of War called upon him in person. Tom was then only a Lieutenant Colonel, and the unusual courtesy was designed to be a marked one. Cameron was aware that an intrigue had been fos- tered in the camp by the jealousy of a superior officer, and that Tom's underlings were availing themselves of his illness to defeat his Election as Colonel of his own Regiment. I was in the Camp nursing my husband, and I grow angry yet when I remember how his bodily sufferings were enhanced by the trouble of mind those wretches caused him. Looking back, it seems impossible to believe that charges so absurd as those they got up against him could have obtained credence; he was drunk at the battle; he was in traitorous correspondence with the enemy: he was unduly anxious to continue the fight: he was ignorant of Tactics (while he was composing a system of Rifle Tactics!) he was too le- ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B32_F4_p009.JPG) -nient: he was too severe! General Mc.Call openly countenanced Tom's enemies; and it must be confessed that Tom had denounced one of his favorite hangers on as a coward on the field. Cameron's visit did Tom a world of good. Overlooking judge Kane's life long coldness to him, he went back to the days of Grandfather Leiper. "Trooper Tam" - whom he had been trained in the old Democratic party to admire and reverence, and came to show that he meant as he said "to stand by his grandson, and see justice done him." But the Secretary was not destined to do more than inspirit Tom. The President removed him shortly after from the Cabinet, and exiled him to Russia, the polite way of ridding the party of a dangerous member! Tom said this was because Cameron's Abolitionism was sincere: ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B32_F4_p010.JPG) he never could forgive Lincoln for it. His dislike of [---] He always defended Cameron af- ter this; but when Cameron's triumphant election to the Senate had vindicated his fame Tom somehow kept the old gentleman at arm's length. The time had came when he could render him an essential service. Grant had arisen, "a king who knew not Joseph." It was known among Cameron's followers "flies of estate and sunshine" that his recommendations of persons to office had been slighted: the new President had shown no anxiety to cultivate even his acquaintance. Poor Cameron! One must confess that he was apt to have as unscrupulous a mob of hangers on to provide for, as any of his ancestral Lords of Lovat were devoured by! He lost his courage: he said he felt his years, ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B32_F4_p011.JPG) and his adherents began to think he showed them. Many of his "following" were dropping off. They were going over to his enemies, thinking it no longer worth while to share his failing fortunes. My husband knew how important it was for Grant to conciliate Pennsylvania, and how impossible it was for him to do so without Cameron's friendship. Once roused, the old lion could still be dangerous, for he has many staunch adherents, independent of those who only court him for what they can get from him. When Tom invited him, we were glad- -dened by the eagerness with which he accepted the invitation, and kept firing off a perfect few de joie of letters and telegrams to us upon the subject. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B32_F4_p012.JPG) II When the newspapers betrayed the secret, only a few days remained before that fixed for the Presi- -dent's arrival. Fortunately there was little extra preparation to make. I had sent to Phila- delphia for furniture (which arrived the day before the day) to fit up rooms for Pat and his family in the empty hotel, and thither they removed, much to the little children's dissatis- faction. Our house and grounds were all in order, and needed but little work. Weeds were pulled up where they had sprung in the flowerbeds since we had last looked over them. Lazy Thomas was required to put his stable premises in order, and disturb the cherished ac- cumulations of trash he had stowed away in every corner where he deemed them safe from his master's eye. Much as the Irish despise "niggers" they share their love of hoarding rubbish, and old Jane ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B32_F4_p013.JPG) grumbled dreadfully when I intruded into her "caches" in the nursery. I secretly rejoiced over the excellent oportunity of ridding the house of the deposits of old clothes and papers, and ruthless- ly superintended the removal of basketful after basketful to a big fire in front of the stable. Poor Jane hovered about like a distracted mag- pie, exclaiming "Sure, Mrs Kane, what'll the children do without those red hoods at an orra time!" Or "Mrs Kane, I was thinking ye'd find those hoops useful some day" picking out a rejected skirt of the vast dimensions of 164, "and there's hardly a brack in this dress, barring a few moth holes." The children danced and clapped their hands as they saw the hideous mufflings in which the careful woman had wrapped them last ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B32_F4_p014.JPG) winter, shrivelling in the fire. I left Jane groaning over the pyre, "Ye'll repent it when I canna let ye tumble at your liber- ty in the snow for fear of the good clothes." N.B. It is December now. They are tumbling in the snow; and I recognise either the contents of that last basketful or their ghosts swath- ing the little limbs. Yes! The smell of fire has passed upon them, but otherwise, as Jane unblushingly and triumphantly asserts "They are not a hair the worse. I e'en took them out of the fire and pit them in a trunk of my ain in the loft. Wilful waste makes woful want. I couldna bear to see it." What am I to say to such a woman! When I came back from the stable, I thought the place was looking its loveliest. The flowerbeds were brilliant, and the frequent ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B32_F4_p015.JPG) rains had kept our woods and fields freshly green, while the lowlands beyond us were parched with drought. Indoors, I had made my arrangements to have my time free to play the lady of leisure. But before my visitors came, dear Mother's precepts, more heedfully attended to by me since she died than when she was here to enforce them, made me make the house "as clean as a new pin". No one ever came to visit Mother without her having her already clean rooms, freshly scrubbed and dec- orated. She would have felt her welcome to her guest lacking in respect. So I too took up carpets, washed floors and windows, emptied closets and bureaus, and, still emulating Mother lent my own hands to the work. Theoretically Fortunately, when the spring came, I had made curtains for the rooms, and our stores of all kinds of "napery" was abundant. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B32_F4_p016.JPG) Hamilton's paintings from Elisha's sketches hung on the walls and family memorials adorned the various rooms. In the hall hung most of the family portraits, chiefly Kanes though handsome old Thomas Leiper and his anx- -ious browed wife were ancestors whose pictured faces attracted the admiration of every one entering our doors. We were proud that our "forbears" should look down from their frames upon the great man whose coming did us honour! But poor dear old Great Grandmother Sybil, whom I respect so much! What glamour of affection clouded your children's eyes to have you painted after that paralytic stroke, huddled up in your chair, and withered so by age! Your portrait hangs in the darkest part of the hall, because strangers who do not know your noble character are apt to utter unflattering criticisms on your effigy, and on yours also, portly old John the First! ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B32_F4_p017.JPG) Your idle self-indulgent son, and his well-fed second wife, though glowing in Rembrandt Peale's first style of colouring, hang in the vestibule, exposed to the influences of sun and wind, as they never were in life! People say "What a handsome man!" as they look at his regular features and dark curling hair, but our children are not taught to admire those portraits of inglorious ease. Those we prize most highly are in the music-room. Mother and father are there in their prime of beauty and intellect, and again, the Judge at sixty three, with reen blue eyes and silvered hair, the stateliest gentle- -man I ever knew; and Mother's portrait taken a year after his death, anxious and sorrow stricken, as we saw her growing ever more and more until the end. Our summer parlour whose delicately tinted walls are decorated with Elisha's choicest pictures ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B32_F4_p018.JPG) looked beautiful. The polished cherry floor and woodwork reflected the light from the bay window in broken glimmering rays, and the effect which would have been cold in its severity when combined with the dark colouring of the furniture was softened by the curtains of embroidered lace. Tom's large robe of Utah beaver-skins was spread in the centre of the floor. The only ornaments of the room were a few bronzes and malachite vases, and a large Chinese jar filled with ferns, and wild flowers. There is a slender little table of carved Japanese wood placed in the embrasure of the bay window, which supports a single book, handsomely bound, and with locked clasps. This contains my treasures valuable autographs of the eminent men who have corresponded with Tom. Here too I keep his strange Mormon blessing, and other papers ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B32_F4_p019.JPG) that bear testimony to his services for his country. Among the volumes in the Library — a cozy five sided room on the other side of the house — there are none Tom values more than those in which he has had his collections of family letters bound. He keeps Elisha's sextants and "smalcalder" there, and on this occa- sion he brought forth from his Safe the gold scabbarded sword Philadelphia presented to Dr. Kane after the Mexican War, and the chronometer watch the Frodshams sent him. Tom would never suffer me to display, as I wanted to do, his own swords crossed above the mantlepiece. He has stowed them in the remotest garrets, saying he will not have a memorial of the accursed Rebellion kept before his children's eyes. Nor would he have them flaunted And if any of his ancient friends and recent enemies should renew their visits to his home, they should see nothing to insult them. He is no Choctaw he says, to hang up scalps in his lodge. — But he takes pride in exhibiting Elisha's trophies. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B32_F4_p020.JPG) So on the marble mantelpiece in the Green Chamber the velvet lined cases lay open to display Elisha's various gold medals, records of the triumphs of Peace. In this Green Room the furniture is of rich old carved mahogany, grown venerable in the family service, though in its adventurous youth it was fought for on the high seas, and saw the inside of a privateer. We preferred putting Grant there to any of the more modern chambers. Its vast and sombre old bedstead was just the one to have as its appropriate legend, "Here slept the great Ulysses." The room itself looked airy and cheerful, for the carpet is all roses and green leaves, the walls are lilac hued, and when I peeped in to take a final survey just before the Grants came, the summer breeze stirring the white muslin curtains, <[line illegible] sound of> and the [---] and Elisha's doves in the branches outside. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B32_F4_p021.JPG) Harry's little bedroom beyond the Green Room was prepared as a dressingroom for the President, and a door opened it from it into the nursery, which was given up for one of the Grant children. On the other side of these four rooms en suite is the Yellow Chamber. It is an odd room furnished partly in marqueterie with ormolu mouldings, partly in quaint Swedish work of polished cherry. The walls are light gray and gold, the carpet repeats these colours in a darker shade; the curtains of the three windows are yellow damask, depending from a blue drapery where white cherubs gambol among golden wreaths. Gaudy? No, I don't think it is, but it certainly seems to glow with summer sunshine on the gloomiest winter day, and I prefer to use it always as my own room for that reason. The South side looks out on a dark grove of Hemlocks, but the East window fronts Owl ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B32_F4_p022.JPG) Creek Valley up a branch of which the Rail- Road comes directly toward us. Lying in bed in the Yellow Room. I am tempt- ed to waste half the morning watching the far off fog rising from the stream, and the gradual brightening of the hills from early dawn until the full glow of sunshine falls upon them. The long lines of steel rail glisten like the threads of a gossamer spider, the mists disperse in little pink clouds that float away above the trees, and the whole valley is filled with gladness. Though there is not a house or clearing in sight, the scene never seems lonely to me, for the changing shadows of the clouds, "shepherded by the slow unwilling wind", make its appearance vary constantly. And it is often enlivened by RailRoad trains, kept long within our view by the steepness of the grade they there encounter. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B32_F4_p023.JPG) In winter Tom keeps a lamp burning all night in this East window for the engineers. They say it is so pleasant an assurance that they are nearing home when they see our light shining on the top of the Mountain. The RailRoad crosses the Summit behind the dark evergreen wood I spoke of, and rounding the foot of our hill, gives us passing glimpses of the trains from our Red and Blue Rooms, and the other bedchambers fronting West. The Red Room is eminently respectable and un- interesting. Its solid mahogany is the delight of dear old Aunt Ann, who says there is nothing gew-gawish about it. It is but two generations old, and has no "traditions". The only distinguish- -ing ornament of the room is a mirror of bevelled plate glass framed in tarnished white and gold. It was one of the decorations of the Mischianza, the ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B32_F4_p024.JPG) magnificent fete given in Howe's hionor by his officers, previous to his leaving Philadelphia in 1778. Our mis- erable army, half starved and shoeless, were lying at Valley Forge, when the beauty and fashion of Philadelphia were adorning the Tournament of the rival Knights of the Blended Rose, and of the Burning Mountain. The light headed and light heeled youth of another Lost Cause delight in similar exhibitions! The Blue Room is pretty, bright and fresh, newly furnished and carpeted, and has no story to tell. I reserved it for General Cameron, and to those who know no better, its modern appearance makes it seem the best room. I noticed that Mrs. Grant, who peeped in on her way to her own quarters, made a mental note of the fact that Cameron was evidently a man whom her host "delighted to honour." From it opens a little ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B32_F4_p025.JPG) room in the Tower, which I intended for my "own tower." There I meant to enjoy my own society, and work during my business hours in peace. It would be the quietest nook in the whole house. It is the quietest nook. Photographs and portraits dear to me, but of no artistic value hang on its walls, but my sewing machine, my desk and Shaker chair have long emigrated. My dear ones, thank God, so thronged the little room that the house-mother had to abandon solitude. What luxury of tranquillity compares with the blessedness of feeling oneself essential to the happiness of others! I was able to spare the rooms I have men- -tioned to our guests. Our family betook themselves to the garrets which are lofty enough to be cool in summer. Tom and I still enjoyed the luxury of a dressing room off our bedroom though we shared both apartments with a miscel- -laneous assemblage of boxes, trunks baskets, soap, candles, starch and dried herbs. In fact we occupied the lumber rooms. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B32_F4_p026.JPG) III It was late on Friday the 13th, when we climbed the stairs on our way bedward. Next day by dinner time the guests would be here, but an hour's work in the morning would finish all I had to do. I was already lying down when a telegram came, saying that they would arrive about breakfast time. I was too tired to rise again if all the Courts of Europe and Asia had announced their coming, but a sound sleep restored my energies, and before the whistle of the locomotive sounded the President's arrival next morning we were more than ready. As I hastily glanced over the children, I saw noth- ing in their appearance that would not do cred- it to their dear bright faces - except their shoes! Shoes ordered from Philadelphia had failed to arrive. They were lying at the bottom ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B32_F4_p027.JPG) of the West Branch Canal, though I did not then know it. The village shoemaker from whom I had ordered others in haste, sent me word that he would have them ready with- out fail - next week! In spite of Jane's best cobbling and blacking the old shoes did look shabby. Generally the children's home-made clothes com- pare with the professional artiste's work as unmistakably as the bundle a lady ties up is distinguished by its bulging corners, and profusion of misapplied string from the trim sharp edges and purpose-like fastening of the parcel of store goods. Evan, indeed, always looks like a little gentleman even when out at elbows, but upon the others my handiwork seems to me to require perpetual pulling here and there to adjust it. Perhaps it was because I had re- ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B32_F4_p028.JPG) sisted Jane's entreaties to "leave room for the chil- der to grow," that this time their clothes fitted well, and their intelligent faces would have made any mother proud. Elisha rushed after his father to the foot of the hill to receive the party as they landed, and Harry stood beside me on the porch her complexion varying from red to white, and looking, I thought, exceed- ingly pretty. She confessed that she did not know what to do with her hands, and wished that the meeting was over. In a very few minutes we saw the car- riage ascending the hill, and at the same time caught sight of a group of pedestrians. I felt an utterly irra- tional choking sensation at the sight of the one who walked beside my husband, and was sensibly relieved when he stopped to look at the house. I was within an ace of crying, and thankful for the pause that enabled me to recover myself. How we had hung on that ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B32_F4_p029.JPG) success to save our country! I could not look unmoved on one for whom I had so often prayed. But he came up, shook hands with a hearty — dare I say English? shake, and was soon busily engaged in extricating the ladies from the carriage. "Oh dear me!" I mentally exclaimed. "Who in the world are these?" For first one lady emerged, then another, then a girl of Harry's age, and then a fourth female, whom I did not place at once as not a lady, because all women dress so much alike nowa- -days, and one has no other indication of ladyhood until the mouth speaks. A short stout woman with dark hair, fresh [---] complexion, and [---] a motherly appearance, I knew by the squint must be Mrs. Grant, but who were the rest? "Mr. Grant's sister, my daughter Nellie, and my maid Louise." I thought with dismay of the Mr. Corbin, the boy Grant, and the valet who had walked up behind the President, and was relieved to find that Mr. Grant's sister was Mrs. Corbin, that maid and valet were husband and wife, and that ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B32_F4_p030.JPG) the President's elder sons, and his Private Secretary had gone to Niagara. The party therefore was within the number my rooms could hold, and I soon heard them chattering gaily upstairs as they made ready for breakfast. We had a very nice breakfast, I remember that, but it shows how poor a housewife I am that I quite forget the articles of which it was composed. We had decided to make no attempt at display; no white gloved waiters, nor elaborate dinners would we have. Our neat, red- haired Martha should wait at table as usual, we would have only such viands as Emily knew how to cook well from daily practice. Our board is plentifully enough spread, and we made but little difference from our daily fare. It is true that I supervised it myself with a little more attention to its preparation than I usually give. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B32_F4_p031.JPG) Tom had provided the best wines New York could supply, and we had venison and trout in abundance. My damask table linen was fit "to set before a Queen", and a Queen's gift—the British silver—sparkled on the table. I felt a little gratification in thinking that my crest on the spoons and forks had an honorable legend, rendering it not un- worthy of its association with Elisha's tea-set. The weight of a spoon drew our guests' attention to the crlstyemd its meaning was asked crest, and the meaning of the ancestral motto was asked. I knew my dear father would be pleased to have stout old Sir Andrew Wood's "Tutus In Undis" explained to the President. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B32_F4_p032.JPG) Conversation flowed pleasantly, Mrs Grant recounting gaily how they had passed a night disturbed by the incessant calls for the President at every little station. At Corry she said, the people had been up dancing all night, having had a ball to keep them awake. When the Special Train arrived at four in the morning, the President was asleep, and the mob cheered, shouted and called for him in vain. At last one fellow betted he would get him out. "How?" was the eager cry. "He'd get up a fight," which he was proceeding to do, when Mrs Grant woke the General, and kept the peace. Grant listened, with an amused smile, putting in a corroborative word now and then. A card was brought in to Tom. "DeBenneville Keim", he read aloud, and enquired if it was a friend of General Grant's. There was an embarrassed pause, and ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B32_F4_p033.JPG) then Mr. Corbin explained that it was a Herald Correspondent, who had edged himself into their compa- -ny uninvited. Tom then remembered a person who had accosted him when the train stopped as an old acquaintance—an engineer belonging to the train he then fancied, and dismissed him from his thoughts. But Mr. Corbin's mention made Tom recall the man's face in camp, one of those ravens after a battle.> and the name on the card reminded him that both by paternal and maternal ancestry, the reporter was of the best blood of Pennsylvania. So Tom went out and brought him to the breakfast table. I thought it very impertinent in the reporter to thrust himself into a gentleman's house, but Tom explained to me that if he meant to be uncivil to a man, he should kick him, out of doors. Otherwise it was due to his own self-respect to treat him as a gentleman, The man was already in the house, and was doing no harm. His coming damped the hilarity, and I saw in a moment the original of all the caricatures of Grant the dumb Sphinx. The blue eyes lost their sparkle, the mouth closed obstinately: he looked well, no other word expresses it— glum. Mrs. Grant tried to talk a little, but the breakfast was over, and we all adjourned, the gentlemen to the ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B32_F4_p034.JPG) piazza, the ladies to the parlour, where we chatted for a time. Then we took a little stroll, and returning to the house joined our husbands on the piazza. Mr. Corbin was pouring forth a stream of anecdotes. We listened to his stories of Jackson Clay and Calhoun with interest, but the reporter kept all his eyes and ears for the chance words that dropped from Grant's lips between the puffs of smoke. Very few they were, and not worth reporting. I began to dislike this sullen-humoured man, but DeBenneville Keim appeared all unconsciousness. He was an insignificant looking man whom no one would have remarked twice if he had not worn his long hair turned back like a girl's, and his coat buttoned at the waist so as to increase his feminine appearance. Grant sat square shouldered and sturdy in the old "La Fayette" Chair, where the hero had sat before him—drinking in the sunshine, and the balmy air, and Mr. Corbin's stories, and resolutely taking no notice of Mr. Keim. Mrs. Grant took her seat by her husband and I would have liked to place myself by mine, but felt shy, so I stayed near Mrs. Corbin, after receiving an affectionate little nod from Tom that said he was not ashamed of his wife. We dined at five. I know we had a white soup made with cream and green peas, that every one enjoyed. I remember too trout and venison, but I am again obliged to confess that I forget what else there was. After dinner, Mrs. Grant ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B32_F4_p035.JPG) and I went out driving. Tom is a Commissioner of the Big Level Road. In an Alnaschar mood he pur- -chased last year a new carriage for me to career in career over its surface. Tom is cosmopolitan in most things, but I occasionally detect in him traces of youth- -ful prejudice that show him to be Philadelphia born. He must have felt middle aged respectability when he bought that vehicle. Over the smooth Philadelphia and Montgomery turn- -pikes [---] hundreds of its fellows roll, square frames with shining leather curtains lined with superfine cloth, mounted upon high-narrow-tired wheels constructed for roads where there is abundant space to turn, and neither deep ruts, nor obtru- -sive stumps or delusive quicksands. [---] Grave and reverend Quakers with their sober families, and rich Philadelphia merchants bob to you a courteous ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B32_F4_p036.JPG) and self satisfied greeting from the recesses of the "German- -town." When ours arrived, my dear Alnaschar and I took a few state drives, and having broken the gl[--]tt[-]lly springs satisfactorily, [---] relapsed into using the "mud carriage." In the mud carriage Tom sees only a clumsy old landau with the top torn off, and despises it heartily. But I cherish the dear old indestructible. Its small low broad forewheels enable it to turn in the narrowest road, and we have never yet succeeded in upsetting it. Our good horses, "giants of the plough" as Tennyson says, do not object to drawing its weight, and are habituated to its one evil propensity . Coming down hills the horses pause suddenly while our conversation is interrupted by a rattling sound, as the twigs by which Thomas has secured the traces slip from the eyes. [---] Discreet Darby and Joan look round, and when the driver leaps to the ground ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B32_F4_p037.JPG) back of their own accord to enable him to readjust the harness. Then we go on merrily until another downhill produces another downfall of pegs and traces. Strong springs have replaced the broken ones in the "Germantown" <[---]> I still cling to the homely "mud carriage." But I dared not ask Mrs Grant to enter it; and with a sinking heart mounted the high steps of the Germantown. To my dismay too, Tom meaning to compliment Corporal Barnes one of his ex- Bucktails requested him to drive the ladies, instead of Thomas. Thomas like the mud carriage is a dirty but he knows the depth of every mud hole, and [---] measures by unconscious memory the inches he can spare in the passage between this rock and that log. I longed for my dusky charioteer but in silence. "Il faut souffrir pour êtré belle." Barnes has been one of the overseers of ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B32_F4_p038.JPG) gangs working on the road. It is the pride of the Commissioner and himself to say carelessly—"Yes, one can trot on that road now all the way to Lindholm's." Barnes was determined we should trot, in spite of the late heavy rains. We trotted, we bounded from stone to stone, and from log to log with frightful energy. Mrs Grant, the noble woman, never uttered a remark, and conversed affably about the scenery. But I saw her plump little hand grasp the standard nearest her convulsively every now and then, and felt grateful accordingly. So I shortened our drive, and was rewarded Mrs Grant's spirits rise as soon as we had turned a turning effected with great difficulty by Barnes, who was as unused to the high spindling wheels as the horses. With all their virtues Darby and Joan are obstinate, and being satisfied that they had backed sufficiently to turn any reasonable ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B32_F4_p039.JPG) carriage they utterly refused to allow for the exigen- -cies of the "Germantown". In fact, before Barnes got them round I had assisted Mrs Grant to jump out. We stood in a corner of the fence while a group of Swedish settlers admiringly observed the flow of Mrs's Grant's long train of gauzy black, and the coquettish buckles on her high heeled slippers. On our way home we met our husbands. Tom was riding one of half-a-dozen fine horses that had been sent up in haste when Grant's coming became known. Ours is a horse-breeding country, and a horse will sell none the worse for the vendor's being able to remark "General Grant rode him at Kane." Thackeray's schoolboys who vociferate as they crowd round the boy who has received a hamper from home. "I say, Jonny Briggs I'll lend you my knife." So Tom's stables were filled with the best horses of the region. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B32_F4_p040.JPG) 4 Grant was riding Clarion, and gratified Tom by praising the old war horse, while he rode him well. Behind them followed the valet and another of our Bucktails, the valet miserable as Elisha's pony pranced with him from time to time. Mrs Grant kindly spoke to Barnes saying that all soldiers interested her, and seeing that he was gratified she talked for him as well as for me. I remember she spoke of the battle of Belmont. She said it was the first in which Grant commanded. The volunteer soldiery easily drove off th and gave some details I should not have fancied her an imaginative woman, and was therefore much surprised. She described Grant's perplexed distress on finding himself unable to collect his volunteer soldiery from an indiscriminate plundering the wagons which the enemy had abandoned. Flushed with an easy victory they refused to listen to him, and he saw the enemy returning upon them in superior ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B32_F4_p041.JPG) force. He felt himself called upon to exert his influence to the utmost, and succeeded in the end in taking his men off safely. I was struck with her account of his steamboat's passing slowly before the gathering masses of the ene- my, unable to go faster, and almost defenceless with its single gun. It floated abreast of a lane coming down between high banks to the water's edge, and filled with rebel soldiery. The steamboat rounded to, and fired with terrible effect, raking the crowded lane. Grant must have been shocked by the spectacle: his wife described it so vividly. That was before the days when he hammered the enemy relentlessly with a living hammer that suffered almost as much pain as it inflicted! I was not particularly inter- -ested in the battle, but I was very much surprised by what followed. I supposed Mrs. Grant to be as unimaginative a woman as could well be found. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B32_F4_p042.JPG) And what did the quiet lady in black say in her even tones, but - "Mrs Kane, do you believe that those who love each other very dearly ever commu- -nicate with one another in spirit at momentous crises?" Now this was a subject whereon any fancies I might entertain were strictly private, so I merely stam- -mered a confused question as to her precise meaning. Facing round, so that I was as it were transfixed by the cross fire of her eyes, she answered, "Why, I mean this. Just at the time Mr. Grant was feeling most wretched, I was in my room at home. His aunt had come to help me make a dress, but I kept sighing and worrying so, that she said, "Julia, just you go and lie down on the settee. You aint one particle of use either to me or Ulyss. the way you are now? Well, I lay down, and I was think -ing of Ulyss, when I raised my eyes, and saw him. Yes, I did, just as plain as could be. He seemed to ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B32_F4_p043.JPG) be raised above me as if he were leaning from his horse His face was grave, and very earnest, as if he was trying to make me pay attention, and he seemed to say, though his voice was far off, "Oh Julia! Julia!" I jumped up, and I cried right out "Oh he's dead, he's dead", and of course I fin- ished off with hysterics. Next day I received his telegram that he was safe and had given them a whipping." I made some stupid answer, for it was difficult to make any at all, Barnes' coun- tenance displayed such amazement, as he looked at me evidently expecting me to say something sensible to prevent him from deriving superstitious notions from the great lady. The monologue—rather than converstation—flowed into another channel. Said Mrs Grant, "I will tell you about Order" (No 92, I think—the cele- brated one against the Jews.) "Mr. Grant did wrong there: he was sorry for it, and acknowledged it publicly. But you can't tell how much ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B32_F4_p044.JPG) annoyed he had been. Some of these cotton specula- -tors got through his camp, and gave most important information to the enemy. Mr. Grant gave strict orders that they should all be sent to the rear. Some Jews, knowing that old Mr. Grant was ready to make money, got round the old gentle- -man, and persuaded him to apply for a pass for himself and friends. They promised him in return a large [---] per centage on their profits. He did not know it was wrong, for he is strictly honorable, though he is eager for money. So one day he came down to visit Ulyss, and as he was very busy, and the old gentleman [---] much in the way, he was glad to give him a pass to get rid of him for a while. Then some one informed the General of the truth, and he sent right off to recall it, and, I tell you, he reproved his father severely. But the Jews contrived to get a- ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B32_F4_p045.JPG) -way, and that was why Ulyss. was so provoked that he wrote the Order. You saw the end of the matter, didn't you, in the papers?" No, I replied, what was it? "Oh," laughed Mrs Grant, "I couldn't help being delighted, Father Grant was so well punished. The Jews came back, and boasted they had made $100.000, and when Father Grant heard of it, he went and asked them for his share. They ridiculed him, and said they owed him nothing, for their passes were withdrawn before they could use them. The old man actually sued them; the whole story came out, and he not only lost the money, but had to pay the costs! And he does feel it so hard to part with his money! But I was not sorry, for no one knows how much pain Mr. Grant felt about the entire transaction. I assured her I was one of many ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B32_F4_p046.JPG) who felt no love for the Jews, and liked the Order. But she said stoutly there were many good men among them, and Ulyss. thought it no shame to apologise. "It is so sweet in him", she added, "he is so free from false pride. If he thinks he has done wrong he will acknowledge it as humbly as a little child." I felt as if it were hardly fair to ask any questions of so frank a lady, but as we were entering our own woods I knew that a short mile would end her story, and so I said "How indignant you must have been when Johnson treated the General as ill." "Yes indeed," responded she "but I don't think Mr. Stanton treated the General well—not frankly, you know, as he had a right to expect. The General was trying to act for Mr. Stanton throughout, and ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B32_F4_p047.JPG) when he was called up before the Cabinet he was too generous to tell of Stanton what would have cleared himself. When he came home he walked up and down the room saying 'Well, Julia, I've been forced to talk like a fool, but I could not act otherwise than I did'." My recollection of what immediately followed is imperfect. I remember Mrs Grant dwelt very strongly upon the fact that she had accompanied the General to Mr. Stanton's house one evening, as he was desirous of acquainting him fully with all that had [---] taken place to that time, his feeling, towards Mr. Stanton being those of a sincere friend. They parted late, with the impression that Stanton would formally ask, and he formally yield, the keys of office next day. Upon reaching the War Department ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B32_F4_p048.JPG) in the morning he found to his surprise that Stanton had already been there and taken the keys himself. The General could not even obtain access to his private papers. He felt wounded that Stanton should thus steal a march upon him: it was as though he fancied the General was secretly opposed to him, and only counterfeited the frankness which his manner evinced. How I wished, while I listened, that I had done more than skim over the details of this affair in the newspapers of the time! I might have been able to put judicious questions that would have brought replies worth treasuring. Instead I am forced to be content with the barren report I have made of a monologue lasting about two hours. I was ashamed to confess my ignorance of what she took for granted I knew, and I find my memory fails me with regard to details which I only comprehended imperfectly. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B32_F4_p049.JPG) The afternoon was waning when we reached home, and after laying our hats aside joined that ancient pair of love-birds, the Corbins on the piazza. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B32_F4_p050.JPG) IV Mrs Corbin had declined accompany- ing us on our drive, preferring her husband's society, she said playfully. The poor woman was laboring earnestly in the vocation to which she was called—the hardest of all hard lives as it has al- ways seemed to me. She did not approve of Woman's unsexing herself by entering into compe- tition with Man in the pursuit of a livelihood. So she had embarked in the strictly feminine occu- pation of husband catching. As the last bloom of her womanhood was fading she had married an old widower, who was rich, and who proclaimed his belief that a wife should have liberal testa- mentary dispositions made in her favor. She was faithfully striving to perform her part of happy wife. The old gentleman's face beamed with satisfaction, but those weary eyes she lifted ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B32_F4_p051.JPG) . to us told a different tale from her smiling mouth. She never could have been pretty, but her ex- pression was a gentle one, in spite of a querulous look about the mouth, the result of habitual delicacy of health. Her sallow face was powdered, but there was a total want of the bloom which adorned Mrs Grant's round cheek, and made it pleasant to see her children's faces pressed against it. No caress of baby lips would have seemed naturally appropriate to the dry cheeks of Mrs. Corbin. Her hair was frizzed in a thousand little sandy curls in the unbecoming fashion of the day. And her dress was as unbecoming as bad taste could make it. A thick gold necklace in the form of a serpent, instead of being an orna- ment called attention to the fact that she was too thin to wear a lownecked dress. She had ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B32_F4_p052.JPG) on a rich blue silk dress, round which from head to foot yard after yard of point lace was wound, interrupting the flow of every fold of her dra- pery, and marking off her attenuated figure into lengths like an ell wand. I might have spared the regrets I felt over the perverted use of material. The effect sought had been gained. Every one said instinctively "What an expen- sive dress!" She minced her words affectedly in speaking, and talked foolishly. Yet the children were fond of Aunt Jenny, and Mrs Grant spoke of her warmly as being sweet tempered and patient. In her youth she "had experienced a sad dis- appointment, and never loved again. Though she has been frequently addressed," added Mrs Grant with a little pride. Poor Aunt Jenny! I wondered if she ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B32_F4_p053.JPG) was trying to revive the far off days of youthful passion, and whether she imagined the difference she felt was only that between marriage as a girl fancies it, and married life as she finds it! She told me with a little giggle how devoted Mr Corbin—she could not endure his horrid name of Abel!—was to her. How when he came home, he called through the house "Little Bird, little Bird". His first wife had brought him but one child, who died in infancy. Mr. Corbin was so fond of children," and then she looked wistfully and longingly at my handsome Willie astride on her husband's knee. Poor "Little Birdie", I am afraid the days in which children might rise up and make you blessed, are over. "No hay pajaros en los nidos de antano." Better have chosen poverty with the lover of your youth, than the riches and loneliness of your present life! ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B32_F4_p054.JPG) After our early tea we all sate on the piazza until the last glow of sunset faded from the sky. Your child never will show off when you want him to your horse stumbles as you are praising his surefootedness after vaunting our ex- emption from the "punkies" all through June and July, the little torments appeared in force when Grant came. Fortunately they did not enter the house, and I suppose the reason we felt their bites so much that evening was because a thunder- storm was gathering, and the damp still air lured them out of the woods. We sat near the "smudges," and Mrs Grant even tried the effect of making her husband smoke close to her head. But neither cigar nor "smudge" smoke availed against the per- tenacity of the gnats, and we all followed the Corbins into the parlour. Subjects for conversation were easy ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B32_F4_p055.JPG) to find, and it made me feel kindly to Grant, when I saw how completely he threw off his silent shyness when he was free of "the chiel' amang us takin' notes." He joined freely in our disjointed chat for a time, and then crossing over to where Tom was, seated himself in the great carved chair, and the two fell into earnest talk. Harry and Nelly Grant, and the two boys' merry voices in the next room drew Mrs Grant to them, and I would have followed, but that I was so placed between Mr. and Mrs Corbin as to be forced to remain an unwilling third party to their affectionate discourse. They soon found themselves quite unrestrained by my presence, for I was listening with much more interest to the conversation on my right hand. Tom would talk "radicalism" as if on pur- ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B32_F4_p056.JPG) -pose to provoke me. I wanted him to be on his good behaviour, and to show as much Conser- vatism as was in him. But no! Every time that Grant took up his position on middle ground Tom announced his as the extremest vidette of the advance. Knowing that the world called him "eccentric", and seeing that I wished him to prove the world mistaken, he talked paradoxes until Grant looked puzzled. He brought forward circum- stances that encouraged him as to the success of his policy—Tom rejoined with others that were more than equally discouraging. I think that Tom perceived that Grant wished to counsel with him as a man of high standing in his State. His over scrupulous honesty made him feel bound to show Grant the extremity of every difference of creed political or moral—between them. Grant drove him to the wall however ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B32_F4_p057.JPG) by the evident sincerity of his desire to under- stand him, and his simple acknowledgment of his inability to follow Tom's logic. He de- clined to trust himself on the untried ground, and falling back upon his own, would say, "This is so, and it makes me think so and so." Tom found his reasoning sensible, and that he was in earnest in seeking his counsel, and then he grew as earnest and simple in his talk as Grant. He felt bound to help our Exe- cutive with the best knowledge he had of the country's true interests. His views on many points differed widely from the President's. He said to me afterwards, "It is well I am not a candi- date for office, for I should have destroyed all my chances of success." But when he showed his gen- uine self I ceased to be uneasy. I wanted Grant to ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B32_F4_p058.JPG) appreciate him. Not that I had an office in view, but I knew how good a friend Tom could be to his country. Moreover—if Tom ever should take a fancy to be an office holder—my economical Scotch soul deprecated his throwing away influence. The meaner motive weighed least with me, but it did weigh a little. When the ladies withdrew, tired with their journey, Grant remained talking with Tom. until his wife's maid came down and ordered him to bed, upon which the conquering hero retired submissively. Tom came upstairs only to learn that Cameron was at the station. An accident had happened to delay the train, the messenger said, and as it came in so late General Cameron had retired to his sleeping berth in his special Car. I urged Tom to stay at home, but he ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B32_F4_p059.JPG) said "No, he must at least ascertain whether the old gentleman had really gone to bed." He roused up the unwilling Thomas, the horses were harnessed, and they rattled off through the intense darkness preceding the storm. He found Cameron still sitting in the cockroach-haunted board shanty at the station—patiently waiting— though he disavowed it—to be called for. Nicholls the restaurateur had boasted that any other man would leave him there till morning, but that he, Nicholls, "knew General Kane's ways. He would come, if it was two o'clock before he heard of Cameron's arrival." The thunderstorm broke upon them in full fury as they passed the Hotel and turned into the woods. They were wet to the skin, but came in talking cheerfully. I felt greatly relieved to hear their voices for I had been watch- ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B32_F4_p060.JPG) ing in vain for the glimmer of the carriage-lamps ever since a violent gust of wind had blown my casement window open. The clash of the branches, the dash of the rain upon the roof immediately over my head, and the thunder seemed unusually loud in the echoing garret—and I had conjured up terrifying visions of runaway horses, of lightning struck trees and of "windfalls" across the road. I felt quite surprised when my husband joined me, and contented himself with telling me how glad he was not to have put off going for Cam- eron. Not a word about the great storm that was already passing away in the distance! I was too sleepy to make enquiries, and woke on Sunday morning to find bright sunshine glittering on the wet leaves of the forest. The rain- drops disappeared before breakfast, and no one spoke of the tempest. I knew then how well my guests ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B32_F4_p061.JPG) must have slept through the night. Tom was up early, and woke Grant to communicate to him the substance of the following telegram, one of half a dozen which had been coming since the President's arrival from the Benedictines of S. Mary's. "Right Rev: Bishops, Abbots, Priests send their kindest regards to the President of the United States and General Thomas Kane asking if they will honour our sublimity with their presence. You might procure Special train deferring their services at Kane until evening. Rev: Wendeline Mayer O.S.B." The "Sublimity" referred to in this gram- matical document was the Consecration of the Bene- dictine Church at S. Mary's. Only one other had ever been consecrated in the Diocess, and to make the occasion a still great one, six Bishops were to ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B32_F4_p062.JPG) assist in the ceremonies. Ten years ago I first saw S. Mary's. It was then a forlorn colony of Dutch/Pennsyl- vania Germans) stranded on a barren mountain. They had cut off all the wood, exhausted the scan- ty pasture, and lacked capital and energy to move away. Looking at those woful fields, one forgave the villagers the quantity of "lager" they drank. Its beery glow was so evidently necessary to supply fuel for the body's consumption! Conspciuous on the bleakest and windiest hill stood a weather-blackened group of rickety wooden buildings, the Convent of S. Mary. There a few poor nuns of the Unreformed Order of S. Benedict huddled together in their coarse black robes, ate cabbage and sauer krout, and fasted perforce from fresh meat. Five years ago the RailRoad touched ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B32_F4_p063.JPG) S. Mary's and the place sprung into new life. Passing at the foot of one of those barren hills, a shute from its top poured the coal it contained directly into the cars. The "accursed hills" have been a mine of wealth to S. Mary's. The nuns have a flourishing boarding school under their charge, and their larder is more plentifully sup- plied. The population of the place has multiplied a hundred-fold, and Sager is sold at every second house. A brewery flourishes under the auspices of the Monks of S. Benedict. Its profits, and the offerings of the faithful have sufficed to erect a great Church of creamy yellow stone, behind which the fresh painted Convent shel- ters itself from the winds. The big building is entirely paid for. How different from the little wooden churches of their Protestant neighbors which are mortgaged from spire to basement, I shame to say. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B32_F4_p064.JPG) So the Church was safe from the desecration of some future auctioneer's hammer, and a gorgeous altar-piece was painted by a Cincin- -nati artist from Munich, and the "Bishops, Abbots, Priests" made ready for the Consecration. The Bishop of Erie had bidden us to the Cere- mony full three months before. It appeared to honest Wendeline a Providential coincidence that the President should arrive just in time to be present, and the Father's red face and fiery hair beamed upon us a dozen times, as he vibrated on Saturday between our house and the telegraph office, communicating the hap- py news to his ecclesiastical superiors, and receiving their instructions to urge his invitation. But Grant would not come in to the coincidence properly, although Tom used his influ- ence as far as he politely might. He pleaded ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B32_F4_p065.JPG) to my husband, now his promise to attend the Methodist meeting, now his reluctance to employ the services of the men of the special train on Sunday. It was very plain, however he might strive to veil it from gentlemanly feeling, that he enter- tained what we Scotch folk call a "scunner" for the Catholics. I was heathen enough to rejoice in his antipathy for our Romanist fellow-Chris- tians. This Sunday morning telegram was Father Wendeline's last effort. His sun set in clouds of disappointment; not to reappear till Monday. Then he came again, still hope- fully beaming through his spectacles, to announce that the Bishops, Abbots and so on were coming in a body to pay their respects to the President. He learned that the President had already gone on the too celebrated fishing excursion, and ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B32_F4_p066.JPG) rushed away to the Telegraph Office in despair to endeavor to save the ecclesiastics the humiliation of arriving at the empty house. That success he had - it was his only one - poor Brother Wendeline Maria Mayer! ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B32_F4_p067.JPG) V I was curious to see Cameron, having once made a conjecture I wished to verify. Sitting near enough to an old gentleman in the cars, to note his bearing, though not to hear his words, I had fancied him to be Simon Cameron, because he seemed to be king of the country we were traversing. Every one who entered our car from the several way stations, cleared his countenance on seeing who sat there, and made his way up to pay his respects. My fellow- traveler spoke to each man with the ease of one who was at no uncertainty as to his interlocutor's name, and with the courteous frankness of a chieftain ad- dressing his clansmen. There was no assumption of superiority however, other than went naturally with his years. "General Cameron, my dear!" said Tom, en- tering the breakfast-room with the very man! There ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B32_F4_p068.JPG) was no mistaking the shrewd gray eyes under the heavy brows, the thick iron-gray hair, and rugged features. Cameron's still athletic figure reminds one of Scott's description of the woodsman gray "Of stature tall and poor array. "Markst thou the firm, yet active stride, "With which he climbs the mountain side? "Afar, ere to the hill he drew "That stately form and step I knew. "Like form in Scotland is not seen, "Treads not such step on Scottish green. "'Tis James of Douglas, by Saint Serle, "The uncle of the banished Earl." We sat down to breakfast. It would please me to detail the sparkling wit of my own conversation during those days, but I find myself distinguished in my own memory only ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B32_F4_p069.JPG) by a few speeches in which I displayed my happiest want of tact. It occurred to me, for instance, to con- -gratulate Mr. Cameron, my right hand neighbor, on the appointment of our acquaintance Senator Cowles to a territorial Judgeship, adding in a lower voice - "though I don't know whether he will fill it well." Grant's quick ears caught my words. "Ah, Mrs. Kane," interposed he from his seat by Tom, "are you attacking one of my ap- pointments?" "No," answered Cameron in a dry voice; almost in a growl, "One of mine. I have not been fortunate in securing anything from this Ad- ministration for my friends, and was lucky enough to get this post for Cowles without its aid." Grant laughed with an evident un- ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B32_F4_p070.JPG) -sciousness of having received occasion for offence, and Cameron having fired his shot, relaxed into a thoroughly genial humour. During breakfast time it be- gan to rain heavily, and though it ceased before long the ladies gladly availed themselves of the excuse to absent themselves from church. Tom stayed at home to play host, and Mr. Corbin, ensconcing himself in an arm chair beside his wife, vowed he must stay to comfort her as his year of matrimonial exemption from the duties of a citizen was not yet expired. I came downstairs a few minutes before the time to start. Grant was standing on the piazza, gloved and hat in hand. What a big head he has! I slipped his hat over Elisha's head one day, and Elisha's is a size larger than my husband's. Grant's hat came completely ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B32_F4_p071.JPG) down over his nose and ears and rested on his shoulders.) Cameron, still lounging in his wick- er chair, signified that he too was ready. His old Panama hat was beside him on the floor, and his brown sinewy hands professed themselves gloveless by habit. We listened for the sound of the carriage wheels in vain, and Tom went round to the stable to hasten Thomas movements. Ten minutes passed, and Grant began to fidget, and to suggest our walking. He held his watch in his hand, my husband's army way too of expressing that his friends do not understand the good breeding of being up to sharp time. Then Tom drove round to the house, and before we were fairly seated in the carriage up rushed Black Thomas, sleek as a raven in his new black suit, and in an agony of fear lest ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B32_F4_p072.JPG) his unpunctuality should deprive him of his one chance of driving the President. As we rolled along the planked carriage way Grant pointed out to Cameron how Tom had engi- neered it along the neck of land which joins our outpost hill to the main summit, obtaining the gradual descent by which we reach the Wilcox Road. I had heard from Tom the evening before how much Grant's quickness in mastering the topography of our hill had pleased him. The fact that it is shaped like a frying pan with a long handle, is veiled from ordinary visitors by the screen of underwood which Tom has purposely left among the trees. Elsewhere the forest stems are bared of shrub- bery, and glimpses here and there reveal far off ranges of hilltops blue against the horizon. People naturally thinks ours is a conical hill, but Grant quietly observed - "I suppose it is there ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B32_F4_p073.JPG) there" pointing with his cigar "that you join the main Summit." Now as we drove along, I observed that his attention was intelligently awake to the passing scenery. I am jealously fond of our chosen home, and am disappointed to find so few of our visitors alive to its peculiar beauties. One of our friends will be in a poetic dream all the time he is with us. No doubt an unconscious impression is made upon him by the sunbeams straying through the thick branches, the cool perfumed air, and the stillness of the forest, but his trained memory takes up the association with some bit of poetry, and forthwith my friend is "rapt far from here To where the west wind plays And murmurs of the Adriatic come To [-] some untrodden mountain lawn," ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B32_F4_p074.JPG) From that moment he sees only what some European poet saw years , and our Alleghany forest of today whose characteristic beauties will be "improved off the face of the earth" before ten years are gone is as invisible as if he were blind. He has enjoyed his visit, he says, but he has no recollection of what he saw. (If I <2> could see into his mind, I should discover, that he had received an impression of green, and nothing more.) ('Says the blind man "Scarlet? Oh yes to be sure I know what scarlet looks like. It re- sembles the sound of a trumpet!") Another comes who is so full of affairs political or personal, that the sweetest air and loveliest view are totally unheeded in his eagerness to seize the passing moment. Then another with a suburban appreciation of scenery, suggests our "making a good broad clearing." Why, you could then see distinctly ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B32_F4_p075.JPG) most of the town, and a range of thirty miles beyond," he exclaims, inflating his lungs as he draws in the imaginary breezes sweeping over the space. He cannot know how artfully Tom has managed the vignette effects of our view , glimpses of a distant roof, and a blue hillside, but they suggest the panoramia view he would like to see. One man, honestly ad- miring the place, advised by way of Roc's Egg, that Tom should "top" every tree but one, up which a winding stair should be constructed leading to a "gazeebo"! The country people here all say "What a splendid place this will be when you get it all in grass!", while an artist who paid us a visit spent all his time in filling a portfolio with "bits", and could hardly bear me to have my bleaching - green and garden space cleared of the noble overshadowing trees, and mossy logs. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B32_F4_p076.JPG) We cannot please all, and so we please our- -selves, and are glad to have each visitor ap- -preciate whatever he is capable of enjoying in the feast Nature has spread before our eyes. Grant, I saw was an unread man. No poetical recollections appealed to him. Cameron's thoughts were far away from the place, however much they might be occupied with his companion. He started when Grant from time to time spoke of the elasticity of the air (how deliciously fresh it was as the shower cleared off!) or noticed the bark of different trees, comparing their height, girth or foliage with those "at home." The President was not referring to the "Executive Mansion." He was as far away from Washington as Cameron was from Kane—happily absorbed in the present, with agreeable recollections of the crops he raised once upon a time. Mrs Grant had told me ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B32_F4_p077.JPG) how little he knew of farming, and how delighted he had been with their short experience of coun- -try life. She had recounted—somewhat to his an- -noyance—his glee in "bagging" some pheasants, which he brought to her in triumph one day. "Let me see them", she asked. He seemed surprised, but opened his gamebag, and away the birds fluttered round the room. "Why, they're alive", screamed she. "How did you get them?" "Oh", he answered innocently "I saw them in the barn, picking up grain, so I shut the doors and chased them!" His farming, she assured us, was as scientific as his sportsmanship. Today, Cameron was measuring him gravely in thought, as he chatted with me. I wondered if the statesman agreed with me in valuing the ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B32_F4_p078.JPG) capacity of being alive to the present which Grant possesses in so high a degree. I think our commonplace ruler may be as successful un- designedly, as the toad was who hopped exactly into the Princess's lap, when the grasshopper's ambitious leap carried him so far beyond it. When we reached the school-house the congregation were all assembled, and singing to beguile the time. Grant and Cameron helped me down from the carriage, and as I descended in my usual awkward fashion I—was embarrassed? No: I was struck at that inappropriate moment with the sudden thought that this was the "proudest moment of my life," as after dinner orators say. I was besides exceedingly pleased ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B32_F4_p079.JPG) pleased with Republican America. My compan- -ions were so absolutely unconscious of condescension as they took their places on the bare benches of our little wooden school-house among their fellow worshippers. For my own part, I could hardly compose my thoughts. The room was crowded, but a front bench was left for us, and a couple of side pews in which we took our seats. I could not help remarking each well-known face, and appreciating the gorgeous bonnets of the women, and the well-dyed beards of the men. Glances met mine of sympathetic congratulation from all but the choir who were sternly bent upon the execution of an involved tune. I judged from the anxious way in which the leader wiped his brow that the attempt was not a very suc- -cessful one, but I knew Grant's ear was no better than mine. The people noted with pleasure ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B32_F4_p081.JPG) -matical. But he is very much in earnest, and some of his queer phrases linger in one's memory as more polished sayings might not. For instance " 'I can't be saved without being converted', says one character, 'and I don't believe I experience religion'. "No, Lord bless ye, nor I don't nuther", cries the old man with a radiant countenance, and the air of one clenching an argument. Another of his flowers of speech was this "Then Peter Thomas he up and contradicted his Lord." When I grew weary of trying to follow the rambling monologue , I began to notice that certain words made Senator Cameron give a little nervous start, and soon found that it was caused by the reiteration of "this character". From saints and angels to sinners the epithet was frequently ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B32_F4_p082.JPG) and indiscriminately applied to each in turn. I grew as nervous as Cameron, and it came eleven times before the sermon ended. Human nature was too strong for Brother Wilder at last: he must refer to Grant—and thus he introduced him. He spoke of the measurements of the Celestial City, besought us to realise "tenements" (he had never been in New York, poor soul, and to him "tenement" was only a grander word than "mansion.") tenements, say a mile and a half wide, and a mile and a half high, with great rooms "capable of accommodating" so many thousand head of souls each. "Don't you want to be thar! Thar's where your mother's gone, your sainted mother—thar's her rest—oh young man. There's a character in this room"—he added im- -pressively "settin' by my side, who's own fathers mother was raised in my County, way over in ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B32_F4_p083.JPG) Trumbell County State of Ohio: immediately adjoinin' the Pennsylvany line. Ain't it a blessed thing for that eminent character to know that his dear relay- -tive is a waiting for him in those heavenly mansions! Oh yes, my brethering! And now let us ask a blessin' to conclude. But first, let me say that one of the Swede brethring whose name, I can't rightly call, will hold a meeting— soon as we're through." Soon as we were through, I invited Mr. Wilder to dinner, to his unfeigned delight. The congregation dispersed quietly, only one woman rushing up to squeeze Grant's hand, and we walked slowly home enjoying the exquisite day. Cameron bore the brunt of the conversation, giving us anecdotes of his embarrassment in Russian court ceremonials; and Grant asked questions with the simple interest of a man to whom the subject was new, but appper- ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B32_F4_p084.JPG) to his business. We were all seated at the dinner table before the Methodist preacher arrived, but a seat had been reserved for him by Mrs Grant. He was embarrassed at first, and every one was kindly anxious to set him at his ease. The effort was perfectly successful, and he then engrossed the conversation. There was some- thing touching in the glee of the happy old gen- tleman. He poured out narratives of his doings as a circuit rider, abounding in original anecdotes illus- trative of the difference between then and now. And he gave us at full length his favorite story of Grant's father coming back to his old home in Trumbull County (I think it was Trumbull) to put a tombstone over his mother's grave: how he failed to find it, and rode up to Sister Hut- chin's house to make enquiry. Sister Hutchins said ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B32_F4_p085.JPG) "Who be you, anyhaow?" And he answered, "Wall, I'm a man that has kissed you many a time." It shows that the innocent freedom must have been granted to others, for the lady of his former love had to be told his name, before she recognised him. Then she asked, "Law, Jesse, why weren't we married?" "Well, I don't know, but I've got a real nice woman now, and she has your name", was the termination—the Point no Point of the story. The Grants heard the tale with moderate interest—having as yet, no interest in their ancestors. But the old man, shovelling peas into his mouth as he talked, asked a flood of questions about the family connections. It was evident that he was conscientiously bent on grounding himself thor- ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B32_F4_p086.JPG) -oughly, with the interests of the listeners of his whole future life in view—and Grant answered with kindly patience—"her maiden name was Stebbins I think" and so forth. Mrs Corbin, the bride, giggled hysterically when her husband was called "Father Corbin", but Grant's gravity was only shaken by Brother Wilder's habit of interjecting "God bless ye!" in the midst of the conversation. The old man was intoxicated with bliss, not with wine for he "drank nothing but fair water." He took leave of us with regret to attend his afternoon prayer meeting. Mrs Grant and her sister retired upstairs with a novel apiece, and the gentlemen withdrew to the piazza. Towards evening Cameron announced his intention of strolling to the village, and ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B32_F4_p087.JPG) Grant volunteered to accompany him. Tom told me when they were gone, that he had arranged this walk to give the gentlemen an undis- turbed opportunity of coming to a better under- standing. They seemed to have availed themselves of it, for they came back in very gleeful spirits. Grant has learned since how near he came to being attacked by a combination headed by the old Penn- sylvanian. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B32_F4_p088.JPG) VI When Tom and I were locking up the house that night, we were startled to see a face peer- ing through the glazed part of the front door. It turned out to be Alonzo Wilcox, just arrived and taking that primitive method of ascertaining that he did not intrude upon the President. He had come to consult with Tom upon the arrangments for the fishing party next day. We had promised Lon the gratifi- cation of entertaining the President, and he was in a state of trepidation amusing to me who had recovered my everyday composure. His wife had bidden him invite us all to dinner, but his alarm was shocking when he learned how many ladies there would be. I took the responsibility of declining for the other ladies as well as myself, and found there was still an- other difficulty. The Wilcoxes have recently finished a handsome house, furnished in the newest style ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B32_F4_p089.JPG) by a fourth rate upholsterer, and carpeted in the most gorgeous patterns. Our pictures having awakened a taste for the Fine Arts, they have also purchased paintings for every room. What more could one desire! They are all matched exactly in size; they are four times the size of our Arctic pictures: they have the foamiest cascades, the bluest skies, the reddest sunsets and the greenest trees the coach maker's art can furnish—set in the broadest and richest of gilt frames. Lou was easy about the appearance of his house—he as- sured me—but "the truth was that the house was filled with visitors who were spending the summer. People of our Company, you know, whom I can't afford to offend," he added with his customary wink as though the painful truth were a jest. The ladies would be affronted if they were not at the dinner, and the poor mistress of the house did not know how to conduct a large dinner party through its courses while her bodily presence was indispensable ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B32_F4_p090.JPG) in the kitchen as well as at the table. I came to the rescue by writing Mrs Wilcox a note in which I said that we ladies would not come thinking our presence would be a constraint upon the gentlemen. I said the latter would be tired and dirty when they came in, and advised her not to give them a formal dinner, but to let Mr. Wilcox preside at one of the plentiful tea-dinners she knew so well how to provide. Then she could stay outside, and direct her servants (I knew she was "chief cook and bottle washer" herself, but of course ignored it in my letter.) After the meal was over she and her friends could be at leisure to greet the President. 'Lou thanked me heartily for this letter which could be shown to his guests, as a sort of dictation "By Command" of the reception Grant ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B32_F4_p091.JPG) would prefer. Then I asked whether he would not like me to send down some supplies, as we were provided with more than enough. The last cloud cleared from 'Lou's countenance. Wine whiskey and cigars such as Tom had would be indeed a boon. Poor Tom! I don't know whether even his hospitable soul did not shrink from sending away the priceless dele luxuries which he had bought for the President, but he went cheerfully to bring forth his stores. How could 'Lou carry them off? Strange coincidence! Lou had provided a basket, and it was behind the door, he confessed with a half guilty look. I was so glad I had anticipated his wishes! I could not have re- fused to grant them if he had asked, and he was much gratified to be spared the em- barrassment of making his request. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B32_F4_p092.JPG) the morning was cool and cloudy, and the fishing party departed after an early breakfast. The Herald Correspondent has given so lively an account of the affair that I will not attempt any. When Tom came back he told me that, finding Grant an admirable rider, he had invited him to gallop ahead of the returning party in order to visit "Louis". Louis was the one brave volunteer soldier of Williamsville who had returned home to find himself morally outlawed by his fellow Democrats. Grant assented willingly, and on arriving they tied their horses to the fence and went in. There was no one there but a little girl, an adopted child of Louis'. Tom went behind the house and halloed to Louis, who, as was natural, could scarcely believe his ears. The President of the United States here, in his cabin! ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B32_F4_p093.JPG) He followed Tom slowly to the house. Grant was sitting there with the child on his knee, both of them chatting easily unembarrassed by that trying official dignity which generally weighed upon him. When Tom spoke of the child's history, Grant won his heart by saying "The man who saves one female child from the streets can never say his life is thrown away. Louis entered. He is a Belgian, and Tom was curious to know how the foreign fellow, accustomed to regard his sovereign with slavish awe, would behave. He stood still for a moment in the doorway—then carrying his hand to his head in salute, said in a tone of deep emotion. "Then, I really you see there, mo[-] General." He turned into his tiny sleeping room, and took down from the nail where it hung a neatly framed ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B32_F4_p094.JPG) picture—one of those hideous travesties of the Grant Family—and brought it forth, saying "When they would have nothing to do with me here, I had this for company—now, General that I have seen you—I care no more what they say." This kindly visit of Grant's aroused the deadly wrath of three or four families who lived a mile or two down the mountain quite off the road, and who in fact did not hear that Grant was in the mountains till he had gone. Old Howard the re- -tired tavern keeper in Williamsville Hollow, and the blacksmith's wife, considered that if the mail route had been taken from them because no one ever came by that way—they were still as important people as Louis the carpenter. —quite a new settler. It was idle to explain ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B32_F4_p095.JPG) the claims that Louis had, and the fact that his house was on the road from the fishing ground, and theirs' two miles away. The loss of the mail route was their standing griev- ance, and to this they tacked all others. Poor old Howard! He is one of our earliest settlers, and his handsome lazy family have dropped away one by one. He and his equally helpless old wife remain alone in the glen with the blacksmith's wife their daughter. The RailRoads perversely declined to drop into that sheltered hollow, the old tavern opposite has fallen in, the little tannery burned down soon after the people left it, and the different clearings on the neighboring hillsides have grown up into thicket. Even the stage goes round by way of Wilcox, where Lou as they thought twenty years ago made a fool of himself by plunging ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B32_F4_p096.JPG) into the wilderness, and leaving behind him the then flourishing little colony of Williamsville. Howard sits at his door in the sunshine, toothless and powerless, envious and wretched, like Giant Pope in Pilgrim's Progress. It did seem hard that a recently [-] claimed Democrat should be visited by the President, and Howard's Whig principles of eighty years' keeping bring him no benefit. One connot please all! Our Legisla- ture passed a Law last winter enacting that no trout should be caught during the month of August in Penn- -sylvania streams. Grant caught trout. What an opportunity for the Democrats! Every Demo- cratic paper throughout the length and breadth of the State howled over that handful of tiny fish. Where were the sheriffs and the consta- bles of township and county. The President should have been arrested and fined. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B32_F4_p097.JPG) When they had said their say, Tom al- lowed it to be known through our Republican papers that, the President having declined to eat venison on learning accidentally that he would break a law in doing so, he had been purposely kept in ignorance that the same Law forbade the catching of trout. Tom was the sinner, and Tom had paid the penalty, literally. For he had duly laid the information, and paid the fine. Sixty dollars, but he had counted the cost when the President's visit was deferred from May till August. Tom's sense of hospitality would not permit him to deprive Grant of his anticipated pleasure. And he was pleased. He said he had not enjoyed a day so much since he was a boy. One cannot please all, as I said before. Schultz the rich tanner, was offended that ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B32_F4_p098.JPG) he had not been summoned by telegraph from New York, and that his broken-down drudge Ernhout should have the honour of conducting Grant over the Tannery. Perhaps Schultz would have felt less aggrieved, if he had only known how Grant loathed his life as a tanner. His father forced him into the tannery as a boy, vowing that he must get over his ridiculous nonsense about the smell sick- ening him. He hailed his West Point school and his military life so gladly! Mrs Grant told me that it was the sorest of trials to him to return to that tannery after the Mex- ican War was over, but that it was his only opening to an honest living. I daresay the hard Old Man Grant made his bread bitter! Dr. Freeman told me that when Grant volunteered in '61, some friend presented him ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B32_F4_p099.JPG) with a horse and equipments. Old Jesse heard a rumour of it, and calling upon the gentleman requested him to take notice that he, the father, would not be responsible for Ulysses' debts. While our husbands were away Mrs Grant and I took a long walk—along the RailRoad to the Hotel, peeping into the school house and introducing the awestruck schoolmis- tress by the way. Mrs Grant volunteered to call upon Lily, learning that she was at the Hotel. I was pleased for Lily's sake, thinking she would feel honoured by a visit from the President's wife. And dear honest tactless Lily sent down word that she begged to be ex- cused, she was just dressing to go out! I could have shaken her! She should have come down in her petticoats rather than send that message. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B32_F4_p100.JPG) Plump little Mrs Grant rose from her seat on the piazza with an air of relief. Her offer had been the unpremeditated impulse of a kind heart: and as she sat waiting she had had leisure to repent. We returned home by the Wilcox Road, Mrs Grant talking all the way as freely as the nature of the ground per- mitted. We had to pick our way carefully for the newly made road was like a bog. Among other passages of her history she gave me an account of two women who would in former days have been styled her "bower maidens." It struck me as worth recording, because she showed that it did not strike her as shocking. Like other Southern women she held it an abhorrence to give the negroes moral equality with the whites, but had none ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B32_F4_p101.JPG) of our Northern repugnance to intimate personal association with them. Our charity makes us cry "The world is large enough for thee and me, friend Sambo"—and our feeling adds; "So, please, keep your distance, dear friend." Josephine and Marie were given to Louisa Dent when they were all children together. Josephine was a remarkably pretty girl, with hair, waving over her shoulders, a yellow skin, a beautiful figure, and "volup- tuous" lips, Mrs Grant said pouting her own red mouth in the vain effort to look voluptuous, or anything but alert and matronly; while I wondered what beauty could be seen in a ne- gress! Josephine sometimes, and sometimes Marie slept at the foot of the young mistress' bed. Now Marie was a "full black", but of her ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B32_F4_p102.JPG) but of her kind equally handsome, and equally "voluptuous in appearance. "Marie's mother, Bet," continued Mrs Grant, "was one of the worst women we had. She had had fourteen or fifteen children, all of different shades. Ma' used to be so sorry, and so much surprised every time, and she would lament just as if it was a white person. But Pa' was always so easy—dear old gen- tleman! He'd say, 'Come, Ma', where's the use of taking on? They will do it. It's their nature! you know? "Well, Brothers used to bring a great many young gentlemen home with them to visit us during the vacations, when my sisters and I were growing up,—and, naturally (!) they would be about everywhere over the plan- tation. There was one year, one of the women ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B32_F4_p103.JPG) had a baby—white as you are—and Ma' was dreadfully worried. But I called up Marie and Josephine, and I said to them 'Now, I'm not to be imposed upon if your old mistress is. I won't have you round where the young gentlemen are. I just give you fair notice. If either of you gets that way, I'll send you to New Orleans right straight? They both of them cried; but, would you believe it, it wasn't three weeks before one of the old women came to Ma', and told her Marie was down sick with cramps. And poor dear Ma' was up till three in the morning with her mush poultices, and her hop fo- mentations. Then Marie said she felt easier, and persuaded Ma' to go to rest. But just as the day broke, one of the men ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B32_F4_p104.JPG) caught Marie throwing her newborn baby to the pigs. Would you believe it! She hadn't a word to say, but just begged not to be sent down to Orleans." May the day soon come when people will have forgotten what the threat of sending a pretty woman to New Orleans meant. But how could Southern girls grow up as pure and innocent as our Northern maidens, when such things took place before their eyes, and such knowledge was familiar to their lips! There are other women in the South—such women as Mrs Dent. The chivalry—and well they may exalt her as the ideal of Womanhood. The nature par- takes alike of the saint and the ostrich; burying her gentle head in the sand, and innocently surprised at each new whitish slave- ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B32_F4_p105.JPG) baby. Shall she meddle with such matters? No, she keeps her own sweet refinement, and "Admits, and leaves them, Providence's care!" When "Brother" Judge Dent in his recent Election Address to the coloured people of Alabama boasted of his love for them, saying that a coloured woman nursed him at her breast, some one in the crowd spoiled the pathos of the sentiment by adding "And coloured blood flows in the veins of two of your sons!" Remembering Marie and Josephine, I thought his humiliation was perhaps well- deserved. Strange to think that chil- dren of theirs may have helped to swell the vote that defeated him! ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B32_F4_p106.JPG) VII "'Tis from high life high characters are drawn; A Saint in Crape is twice a Saint in Lawn." Some fancy of this kind must have dazzled the eyes of a correspondent of the Erie Dispatch who, whirled past our house on Monday's train wrote of what he saw as follows. "As we passed one of the avenues leading up to the General's residence, a group of children, beautiful in frills, furbelows and floating tresses, were standing in the shadow of one of the forest kings, and made a pretty and imposing picture. It occurred to us that Dame Fashion ought to pay a fine revenue to railroads, they carry her influence so swiftly abroad." "Dame Fashion"! "Frills, furbelows, and floating tresses!" This is what we saw, coming up a minute after the train had ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B32_F4_p107.JPG) gone by. The children had been out black- berrying, and their hands and faces were smeared purple. Nelly Grant, Harry and Kate Freeman were arrayed in old short calico frocks of Harry's, and their "tresses" were dis- ordered by scrambling through the brambles. The little boys were in old patched clothes, reserved for such excursions, and battered straw hats. The rotund figure of little Frank was displayed to advantage as he stooped over to knead his "ickle mud pies," and Lila's short locks had found their way through the torn brim of her "flat." This is the difference between Truth and History! When we returned home, heated with our sunny walk, we found Mr. and Mrs Corbin still cowering over the wood-fire ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B32_F4_p108.JPG) in the Library. They said they had been dip- ping into a work on Cancer; but I think it was an- other medical treatise, for my owner's eye instantly noticed that "Cazeaux" stood out of place on the shelf. While Mrs Grant and I were absent, a Committee of the Citizens of Kane had been busily employed in preparing for the ceremonial that was to take place in the evening. Our neighbors had behaved well. Understanding that it was Tom's desire that Grant should not be intruded upon, they had kept away. In return Tom had arranged that there should be a Reception on Monday evening. I do not know whether Grant was to receive the Citizens—or the Citizens Grant—but the important part was the handshaking. That could take place whoever was in possession of the ground, and that is as indispensable an evidence of friendly ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B32_F4_p109.JPG) feeling as the wagging of his tail is in a dog. One group of men was mowing down down the ferns on the hill slope leaving a wide green swath leading from the RailRoad to the house. Following this grassy path the President must pass under an arch of ever- greens which another group were erecting opposite the house. Poor fellows, they worked uncomfortably in their best coats, but they felt that shirt sleeves would be unbecoming their position as Committee men. Here and there along the path fagots were stacked for bonfires, and near the arch was one pile made up of dry pine logs, kerosene barrels and brush- wood, by which stood a barrels half full of crude oil ready to be poured on the flames. As the summer night closed in, we women took our seats on the piazza, dressed in such raiment as would show best in an uncertain ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B32_F4_p110.JPG) flickering light—adorning ourselves with dresses sparkling with steel and bugle trimmings. Down by the RailRoad men and women were indistinctly visible, moving about the bonfires. They had agreed to walk in procession from the schoolhouse at the signal of an anvil cannon, but the assembly dropped off in twos and threes, until the gunner of the evening found himself left with barely enough supporters to carry the anvil up to Kane Summit. The fishing party were late. Some of the bonfires down at the foot of the hill had been kindled by the impatient people, and were in a steady red glow, half burnt down, before the children darting round from the back of the house proclaimed that the train was coming. We went to the East porch to watch it: first visible as a faint spark of light, growing steadily brighter ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B32_F4_p112.JPG) and larger as it came steadily towards us up the steep grade. This was the "headlight" of the locomotive, and its dazzling glare was al- most unsupportable, before it glided out of sight round the curve of the hill. Then our relieved eyes could perceive the columns of ascending sparks from the engines at each end of the train, the lighted windows of the special car, and the red lanterns of the brakesmen as they flitted along the black line of freight cars. The children whooped, and shouted fancying their voices could reach their approaching friends, but the cars swept out of sight, quickening their motion so rapidly on reaching the summit of steep grade, that we were scarcely back in the West piazza before the train paused ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B32_F4_p113.JPG) in front of the house. The bonfires all flamed out at once—thanks to the oil-, and we began to see the dark mass of human beings threading its way slowly up the hill—sometimes hidden behind the grove near the house, and at last pouring into the lawn. Then there was a little pause, while we greeted our husbands and the friends who accompanied them from Wilcox. All the lower story of our house was thrown open, and fully lighted up. Grant came forward on the piazza, but his figure was only blackly relieved against the lighted vestibule. So the big La- -fayette chair (used by the French hero at his reception in Independence Hall) was carried out and Grant took his seat there: Tom and Cameron holding a lamp aloft on either side, until the people were ready for their part of the performance. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B32_F4_p114.JPG) How pretty it was! There were three or four hundred men women and children who formed into line, and marched and counter-marched round the drive and across the lawn, turning to gaze at the Presi- dent as they passed. Every opera-goer has seen the troop of happy villagers assemble in front of the Castle to greet their Lord, and is familiar with the pretty effects produced by the scene painter's art. We were reminded of the opera, I suppose, be- cause it is so seldom that our inartistic populace lend themselves naturally to form a tableau. But no strontian or green fires at the side scenes could be safely kindled to such a mighty glow of flame as our great bonfire threw. No hoary oaks—such as I have seen in the "practicable" forests of Niblo—turned aside by a whisk of a dancer's skirt, and replaced by a ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B32_F4_p115.JPG) push of her hand—could imitate the weird stereoscopic effect of the many tree stems that seemed crowding forward, silent giant spectators of the little human spectacle at their feet. High up, the leaves, the sparks, the stars, all glimmered confusedly, but gaily, overhead. Then the handshaking began. And as the women were present, and the new Era of Woman has begun, I pursuaded Mrs Grant to come forward and shake hands with the Ladies of Kane. Some had their little speech to make, the recognised claim upon the courtesy of the soldier—pres- -ident's wife to urge. "I sent two sons to the war." "I have six children, and my husband was wounded twice." "My man died at Andersonville, Mrs Grant." To each of these Mrs Grant gave a special word of greeting. Then there crowded up ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B32_F4_p116.JPG) a host of children black and white—for we have "contrabands" here who followed Tom from the wars. Then there were mothers with babies, whose sleepy eyes they dazzled by holding them up to see the President between his Lamps. Two young men were lamp-bearers now, and Cameron was resting, while Tom introduced the crowd to Grant. Poor Cameron had been thrown, and his arm—suspected of being slightly paralytic—severely bruised. Corporal Barnes with his wife on one arm, and a mite of a baby clasped in the other, made his way up to the piazza. Mrs Grant's courtesy to him during our drive had inspired him with the idea of having his baby— the crown of all humanity to him—presented to her notice. But his courage failed him, I suppose. I stood near Cameron who was seated at the edge of the piazza. I saw a wee ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B32_F4_p117_1.JPG) bundle of flannel laid on Cameron's knee across his helpless arm. Barnes and his wife said nothing, but stared in an embarrassed way at Cameron; Cameron stared helplessly at the baby, and the baby—Surely that smothered wailing proceeded from underneath the heap! I turned quickly, and snatched up the baby, saying, "I am a better nurse than you, Senator Cameron, I think. Let me have it. You want me to show it to Mrs Grant, don't you, Corporal?" "Please, Mrs Kane." The poor little baby was almost black in the face, for its father had laid it mouth downward on Cameron's knee, but it was a good tempered little thing, and smiled at the lights as I carried it through the fresh air to Mrs Grant. The kind-hearted lady took it, kissed it and dandled it awhile before returning ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B32_F4_p117_2.JPG) returning it to the proud parents. Cameron besought us not to betray to his daughters the fact so discred- -itable to a grandfather that he had held the baby "Wrong side up with Care." There was very little speechmaking, every one feeling with relief that Grant's inability to perform this part of an American's duty well, excused all others. The crowd slowly dispersed in very good spirits, leaving behind only the Committee of Reception, and a few of the more prominent men of Kane, who went into the Library by twos and threes to be specially introduced to the President. They were invited to drink his health. I was sorry to see the sparkling glasses and decanters carried in on the big Arctic salver, because Tom has been so anxious to make this a temperance settlement. But I suppose it could not been helped very well. I watched the men anxiously. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B32_F4_p118.JPG) Some of them declined to drink—pleading their position as Good Templars—some, tempted by such wine as they had never tasted—drank more than once. Of one—a Good Templar too, poor fellow!—Jefferson reminded me in Rip Van Winkle, when responding to the courtesy in dumb show of Hendrick Hudson he says—holding the tempting cup and gazing wistfully at the Great Captain "Don't you know I shvore off, dis mornings, No? Well I did." A long pause, as the host looks fixedly and in silence at the guest, who breaks it, unable to resist the temptation longer, saying, "Vell as you say so, we won't count it dis time." Such was the look, half appealing, half cunning, of the poor RailRoad fellow at Tom, such the silent blank of Tom's look back at him. I thought Tom hoped to dissuade him by his silence—but it was ineffectual. He drank, and cast by his drinking the only shadow ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B32_F4_p119.JPG) on that happy evening. Next morning, the sun rose bright and clear. After an early breakfast, the Presidential party took their leave of Kane. The special train was at the foot of the hill, and there too, hovering about in fussy de- -light was the old Methodist minister, his white locks flying in the fresh morning breeze. He blessed us all at parting, with a thorough heartiness that was increased by a gift from "Father" Corbin of a Cheque to enable him to visit the hitherto unseen City of New York. Tom and I accompanied the Presi- -dential party on their trip through the coal regions of Pennsylvania to New York. Mrs Grant parted from me with a kiss. After that sign of friendship, is it traitorous in me to criticise her? She is a historical character, and must bear the penalty of her station ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B32_F4_p120.JPG) VIII When they left I honestly thought I liked Mrs Grant very much, and if I had spoken of her visit three months I would have eulogised her in the highest terms. Her unaffected devotion to her husband, her cordial manner to myself and the pleasant accents of her Southern tongue won my liking. I was pleased that cold morning when we stood shivering on the porch to see our hus- band's off, by Mrs Grant's thoughtfulness. She trotted into the house on her little high-heeled shoes and brought out the brilliant scarlet jacket she some- times wore for me to put on. That she spoke of those days in Galena when "Mr. Grant" was so poor that they kept but one servant, convinced me that she was no "snob. And it gratified me to hear her talk as freely as she did, for the smallest details concerning the hero of the day were ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B32_F4_p121.JPG) interesting, as she knew. I recognised the friendly spirit that prompted her. My feelings have changed. How is this? I might answer that at first I had forced myself to imagine I liked her better than I really did. I extolled her to Tom, and smothered my perception of her less pleasing qualities, because I saw he wanted to think well of her, and did not wish to hear anything in her dispraise. Not only was this because she was our President's wife, and Tom is loyal; but I knew that his ideas of the sacredness of hospitality shielded his guest from adverse criti- cism. Now by reaction, the qualities I least liked recur to my mind more forcibly than they should do. This is the truth, but it is not all the truth. Mrs Grant was accompanied by a maid ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B32_F4_p122.JPG) who despised her; and whom she carried about with her as an embodied Treatise on Etiquette. This woman abused her mistress to my servants, and the charges she made gradually percolated to my ears through the medium of old Jane. I am humbled to confess that I should have hearkened to a servant's gossip, and suffered my- self to be affected by it. "A lie which is half a truth is ever the greatest of lies." A Detraction may attack Mrs Grant with weapons similar to those of Louise, let me defend her to others and myself, by simply taking up Louise's accusations one by one, and comparing them with my honest observations of her character. I shall thus best obtain the missing half truths which will do Mrs Grant justice. "Mrs Grant had no consideration for her servants' comfort" Louise said, and pointed out how ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B32_F4_p123.JPG) constantly she was summoned from her meals by the cry of "Oh Louise! Will you bring me So and So!" I remembered that very well. When they were here, and I was feeling kindly to her, I liked to hear Mrs Grant's clear voice at six in the morning at the sleepy maid servant's door. I noticed with pleased amusement that she gave herself more trouble in finding the woman to ask her to render her some little service than it would have cost her to perform it herself in half the time. I thought Mrs Grant felt as uneasy as I should have done with a maid to wait upon me, and that I too should have been perpetually trying to devise some occupation for her idle hours. I should have wished in the maid's place to earn my wages, and in the mistress's striving conscientiously to do as I would be done by, might have fretted myself and the maid both in efforts to make work. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B32_F4_p124.JPG) Perhaps too Mrs Grant knew how the idle tongue was obtaining employment behind her back! When we were leaving Lebanon, after our sumptuous feast at Dawson Coleman's, I saw Tom carrying a load of railroad pies and other indigestible cates to the rear end of the car where Louise and her husband sat, looking as forlorn as moulting fowls on their perch. In thanking him for his kindness, Louise hinted plaintively that she and her mate were accustomed to be for- gotten by their bourgeois employers. I felt rebuked—because I had taken it for granted they were provided for, and made no in- quiries. The Grants had done just as I did, and so did every one else but Tom. He is nat- urally considerate, and besides that I suppose he was the only one of the whole party at the ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B32_F4_p125.JPG) Coleman's who knew the usages of polite society abroad sufficiently to be aware that it was the duty of the servants in a well trained household to see to the comfort of the guests' servants. Our rude customs have not as yet in- cluded the idea of one's guests' bringing a maid or valet, and I daresay Mrs Coleman did not imagine Mrs Grant carried hers with her. Mrs Grant I am sure, believed Louise's hus- band "foraged" for her, as "Ulyss" would have done for his Julia. It must be confessed that M. and Madame Jourdan were a most helpless pair; always late, always deficient in the prompt presence of mind which character- ised their master and mistress. Few concessions to the duties of their position must have cost that active couple more than to wait for the French valet and maid whom Mrs Grundy ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B32_F4_p126.JPG) had imposed upon them. Madame was such a "driver" Louise said. True, and the good woman never left her box. She was always on the alert, never too tired to give attention to the prosiest visitor, and ready, I saw, to bristle up in defence of "Ulyss" at any moment. Louise was, however, referring to house- hold affairs. And I daresay that Mrs Grant forgot that a hireling does not work with thezeal of one who works for himself. Knowing how much she could do, she measured the lazy Parisienne by herself. If she had not been somewhat of a "driver"—and I only wish I knew how to be one!—she never could have helped her husband as she did . I remember an anecdote of her life at Galena which may serve to illus- ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B32_F4_p127.JPG) trate this. It was after Grant left the army, and they were very poor. He was obliged to earn his bread literally by the sweat of his brow, in his father's detested occupation. "We had a little house on the bluff, and kept but one servant. Yet," said Mrs Grant, "no matter how hard I worked all day, no sooner did the time draw near for Ulyss. to come home than I dressed myself and the children with the greatest care, and curled their hair as prettily as I could. I never failed to have a clean table cloth and dinner napkins, and to make the children behave at table. I said, He shall never feel poor inside this house! And he never did. He laid all care aside when he came in. I have no ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B32_F4_p128.JPG) doubt that kept him from breaking down— and that's what I am proudest of in my life!" Now with one servant in the house, those little niceties of decoration must have required the mistress to "drive" herself, as well as the servant, pretty hard! Again, Mrs Grant was accused by Louise of being "mean", and she cited in proof that she gave out the stores daily in the White House, and employed no housekeeper. My Northern servants do not know that every Southern lady has to do this, or her slaves would pillage her store room. And Mrs Grant was Southern bred. Employers are praised by their dependent for open-handed liberality when they submit to unnecessary waste and profusion. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B32_F4_p129.JPG) The servants like to gain credit among their hangers on for liberality by scattering their master's substance. One employer submits to this through ignorance another ignores it purposely, reckoning that a cer- tain amount of profusion is a well expended investment to secure popularity and advertise his wealth. He deems that he can supervise the gross outlay, and detect the point where profusion may be superseded by peculation. Holding the purse strings he can draw them tighter when he sees fit. Mrs Grant had not learned that one may save by spending. And then it had been so great a virtue all the days of their struggles with poverty, to practise a rigid economy! Is it wonderful that she should find it hard to change the habit of years? ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B32_F4_p130.JPG) Besides, it would not have been easy to adapt any prudent mistress's ideas of household thrift to the scale that would have satisfied such a woman as Louise. The Parisienne could understand that frugality might be necessary in an ancient and impoverished family of the noblesse, but among "nouveause riches!" Mon Dieu, c'est impayable, cried the soubrete I have heard the Grants accused of receiving gifts too freely. On the other hand, they are the jest of Washington society as being the first Presidential inhabitants who have not known "how to help themselves out of the fur- -nishing appropriations." Louise sneered at the Grants' being mush rooms. And I really was poor enough to call them in my heart "upstarts". Yet without the sneer how creditable ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B32_F4_p131.JPG) a title it is! They are upstarts—like all our great- est Americans! If I am asked—Is Mrs Grant a lady what shall I answer! My ideas of the meaning of the word have varied considerably since I have associated with women of the highest-nominal-rank and of the lowest, on the same terms. Consulted as a physician, I hear them talk with an unveiling of the true self that has shown me how little wealth, position and even education (or what passes as such) raise the rich woman above the poor. Comparing Mrs Grant with women of the highest rank abroad, we need not blush for our Lady of the Land. She is more ladylike in ap- pearance than Victoria; her morals are spotless (Think of Isabella's!) she loves her husband as Eugenie does not, and her active brain is clear. Ah, poor Carlotta! ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B32_F4_p132.JPG) But I am not so sure that these are all ladies. What does "Worcester" say? "One raised to her husband's rank." That is not a definition of much value. "Lady—from Haif-dian—Loaf distributor," That Mrs Grant certainly is: it is just what Louise finds fault with her for being. "A woman of high rank!" There is none higher than hers! "of cultivation or refinement" "a title given to almost all well-bred and well dressed women." Was she "well-dressed?" She was not extravagantly dressed—as Mrs Corbin was, but she was rather too youthfully costumed I thought, wearing the little round hat, and long false curl of the day. But I must remember that in the forest I do not see the fashions, and that other women of forty three may be similarly attired. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B32_F4_p133.JPG) Her husband's eyes seemed to approve her dress! Was she "well-bred"? She had the pleasant voice of the South, and the warmth of manner of the West. She was free from diffidence, and conversed without being at a loss for a subject with anyone who approached her. To be sure her general topic was the President. Yes, I think she was well bred. Was she a woman of "cultivation or refinement." Ah, there's the rub! I must con- fess that she was very ignorant, possessing not even the superficial general knowledge one insensi- bly acquires from the study of the better class of novels. She told me that she had been to to the best schools Missouri afforded in her day, but that she had never learned French. Poor dear woman, she could not open ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B32_F4_p134.JPG) her lips without showing that she had also not learned English. "You was", "I seen", "setting" for sitting, and similar expressions made me wince when I heard her talking to my well educated sister-in-law, who, (if she ever had any- thing to say) would say it in the choicest English. Lily is a Copperhead, and I knew how she would say, diffidently—"Isn't it a pity, dear, that Mrs Grant is not a lady?" I shuddered to think of intelligent foreigners visiting at the White House, and longed to plead the excuse I knew she had. Her eyesight is so indifferent that she cannot read at all without lying down and holding a large magnifying glass close to the book. And in the West I am told that grammatical inaccuracies are not infrequent among people who ought to know better. And after all, What do we care for ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B32_F4_p135.JPG) the opinion of foreigners and copperheads! We, the People ought to be proud of the possibility of a man's raising himself to the Presidency because of his merit, with no adventitious aid from rank or wealth. And we cannot afford to lose a good Executive, because his wife's edu- cation is defective. If she will only be con- tent to remain what she is, and not seek to conceal her defective education by tricks of manner, as unsuitable as poor Mrs Jackson's white satin and amethysts were to her corn-cob pipe and swarthy bosom! We have in Mrs Grant a plain good Christian woman—the faithful wife of a man of the People. "Ulyss" is ten times better fitted for his life's work, having his Julia beside him— though he may be somewhat Dent-ridden— than he would be without her. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B32_F4_p136.JPG) It was pretty to see her love for her hus- band, her constant watchfulness over him, her anxiety for his honour. Love that has stood the test of a score of years I see displayed with pleasure. A passing caress, a hand-clasp; tokens that the mate has not forgotten old days—are very sweet to sympathising eyes; and seeing them one feels that such marriage is honorable, and a wife of whom one knows that "the heart of her husband doth safely trust in her", must be a Lady. I think the pair may be taken as creditable tenants for our White House; fair samples of the people of our dear noble country. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B32_F5_p001.jpg) Keep these letters till I come back Elisha! Lake Shore & Michigan Southern No. 7. I send you a 20 lbs Erie Depot Nov. 20th 1872. Turkey by Express today} 26th Nov. av[-]} Well my dear Harry, Aunt Alida, Aunt Ann and Elisha; (for this is the order in which I want my letters to go round to those who love us enough to read them.) here we are still waiting in the Erie Depot for our train. It is growing dark now, and we hear that is still snowed up at Dunkirk 50 miles from here. We have been in the depot since we came here to catch the 9 A.M. train. It is a large depot, clean and comfortable enough, having two large "base-burning" stoves, with clean mica: plates to allow one to see the cheery glow of the fire. But the carpeted settees with the rigid iron arms dividing them forbid poor Tom to rest his back in a reclining posture and as he has a cold and a headache it is a pretty hard beginning of his trip. Good Doctor Freeman came out on Monday to see us off and stayed all night. We could not make him very comfortable, as I had all the carpets piled up in his room, having only been able to get men to shake them that morning. We had Mr. Mell the justice, and Mr. Hadfield and Jim Landrigan busy with us all Monday evening setting up Town and RailRoad affairs. Tuesday Tom thought we had better delay an- ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B32_F5_p002.jpg) -other day, as we were so tired, and had so much still to do. But Martha had come, and everything was packed up, and the team come to take us, and we found that we had really finished our work, and so we left the house. But not Kane! When we reached the depot Tom was besieged by men who each had some request to make, and still the train did not come in. It was snowing fast, and we had to bid Dr. Freeman goodbye, and then our carriage with Scipio's horses drove off. Then Janney's train came, and she went off. But it was after dark before our train came. Indeed the boys and I took tea at Kane Station where the cockroaches ran over the table. Ugh! Tom felt too wretchedly tired and sick to go out, and took a cup of tea in the car. It was nearly eleven instead of half past seven when we reached this place! The boys have been just as good as gold. When they woke this morning they were so much surprised at the trees in Erie "Park"—"so little, and such queer shapes, like trees in a toy village". At dinner today Evy declined celery and pie—having noticed that there were but few stalks in the glass of the one, and the pie —because he thought it was not to be cut! Home keeping youth ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B32_F5_p003.jpg) Chicago Novr. 22d. 1872 My deary Harry, I forgot to say that if Aunt Ann will take the trouble I will be obliged by her giving our news to Uncle Pat, as the letters go round. I daresay Father or I will be writing to Cousin Sam. Nobody is obliged to read these scrawls for the sake of duty! We are going to leave here in a few minutes. We came yesterday, arriving three hours behind time, owing to the car behind us having a hot axle. I happened to be awake when the man who discovered the fire shouted for water. They soon put it out, but had not gone on a minute before the car was stopped again and the voice shouted "My God! Must a car burn up for want of a pitcher of water!" ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B32_F5_p004.jpg) We had one in our state room which Tom took out, and it finished the fire, but we had to crawl for some miles till we could leave the car at a station. All the passengers next morning were furious at having to lie over, but we had already decided to rest at Chicago and didn't mind. Tom felt badly, and looks fagged, but it is bodily fatigue for his spirits are much better. We breakfasted at half past eleven for they did not halt the cars for breakfast. The rest of the day the boys and I made excursions into the windy snowy streets. Our little foresters were astonished by the most commonplace sights. Willie saw his first oysters in the shell, and asked what they were. What do you think? I said. "Well, some kind of nuts I suppose!" Evy remonstrated with me for the lavish use of towels. How could the poor hotel keeper make any profit ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B32_F5_p005.jpg) He had noticed that every one had clean towels and napkins at every place where we stopped whereas Jane thought that a towel ought to last ever so long! I am writing now in the Pullman Car at the depot of the "Burlington & something waiting to start for Omaha. To tell the truth I was much disappointed yesterday in the looks of Chicago. It seemed only a very large Erie. But my greenness had kept me on the wrong side of the bridge in the unburnt district. This morning on our way here, we drove through the "burnt district". It was as wonderful a sight as Niagara—one that I hope will never need to be seen again in America, but one that I hope Americans will long continue able to create. Street after street, a large city, in which every building was new and every or still unfinished and all of the very finest character. Chicago of today is a hundred times handsomer for her fire. Philadelphia is ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B32_F5_p006.jpg) nowhere! And the width of the streets makes it have advantages over New York. Omaha 23rd Novr. We have just changed cars, having crossed the Missouri River on a fine open bridge. On the other side we left Council Bluffs—once Kanesville the Mormon settlement on "Misery Bottom". Tom pointed out his old camping grounds, and the places where the Pawnees and Pottawottomies used to "pop" at each other. Now there are long straggling towns on either side the river, and al- -ready one or two gentleman's villas on the heights—heights like these at New Brunswick—then we were crossing some long brown prairie land this morning. Evy said it "went on and on like a nightmare." That's just it! I will try to get this mailed and then give you in the cars an account of yesterday's ride. Your loving Mother. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B32_F5_p007.jpg) 1 Sunday Novr. 24th. 1872 On the plains a few miles west of Sidney, between it and Cheyenne. Dear People, Our engine ran away this morning, and, in coming back to us, smashed in its own tender and the front of the mail car. So here we have been encamped on the plains, while a man has walked off eight miles to Sidney for an engine to haul us back. In the meantime a few, wonderfully few, of the passengers have been out walking. The wind was too cold for Tom; but the boys and I walked off where a few of the gentlemen had already preceded us, to a line of odd eminences, some solitary and some joined together which close in the horizon line. They look ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B32_F5_p008.jpg) about 500 yards off, but the nearest, a solitary one, which we at length buf- -feted our way to, must have been at least a mile off. Such is the clear -ness of the air! We climbed to the top easily enough, for its bone was of limestone and the projecting ledges made climbing easy. Willie, poking about as we came down, found a wild beast's den, which Tom corroborated me in pronouncing a cayote's (prairie wolf) From it he brought a prairie dog's skull and the bones of some larger ani- -mal. We saw no live prairie dogs though we came past hundreds of their holes, and saw their tracks in the scanty snow that filled the holes between the tufts of dry grasses. We brought back quantities of dry flower stems of which the boys have saved the seeds. Altogether we had a splendid walk. So far we have seen no live wild ani- -mals, though we breakfasted on a "de- ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B32_F5_p009.jpg) -liciously tender beefsteak "that proved to be antelope. This was at Sidney which is a U.S. post, where are at present stationed a mounted and an infantry company. The "post" consists of some comfortable houses standing inside a high fence with a good wide gate. I should have liked that fence at Kane and the "pig-tight gate"! Any Indians about? "Some were down on the line yesterday, but they don't give much trouble." "Can we walk off out of sight of the cars?" "Oh yes, I guess so." "What Indians are they?" "Sioux." There comes an Engine! Now for Sidney again. The children saw their first Indian yesterday—wild Indian—I mean. It was when the cars stopped at Co- -lumbus (the geographical centre of the Continent") on the Loup Fork of the Platte. We saw two who were dressed like ourselves, but one came to the cars ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B32_F5_p010.jpg) alas to beg for 5 cents! who was dressed in his blanket, with a looking glass on his back, and who, to the boys' delight, had a scalp lock, hanging from his crown. He was a Pawnee Loup. It seems so very funny to know that we need U.S. soldiers, and posts at regular intervals, and that these prowling bands of Sioux are the real thing, and yet to be stopping "on" or "off time" as the case may be; at stations for dinner; and breakfast and supper, and to have the ordinary enterprising boy going through the cars offering "Lena Rivers" and such like books; as if were between Green Lane and Philadelphia! Going through Ne- -braska yesterday we bought the most delicious apples. We are supplied like every one else on the train, with lunch-bas- -kets for fear of accidents. Yesterday we dined on one of the pheasants Tony Clay brought me as a parting gift, and supped on the legs of a chicken from Kane. We have reminders of our friends in the lunch -basket - sardines of Wm W. ; guava, the last box of what G.B.W. sent; Aunt Alida's brandy and cup, Walter's sherry, etc. And in the evenings we draw the curtains, the lamps are lighted and I read aloud Harry's book " No Name". We crossed the Mississippi in the dark, only seeing the lights of Burlington reflected beautifully in the waters. But at Omaha we crossed the Missouri in full daylight, and while we changed bag- -gage. and so forth, the children and I ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B32_F5_p011.jpg) walked about. "How did you like the Great River?" said Tom. The children consider that Papa has rather crowed over me in forcing me to admit the grandeur of the "rolling prairie" with its vast promise of wealth in the future. (Of course the "Plains" are dreary, "wide wild & open to the air", but the Prairie is another affair altogether) Willie thought he was championing Mam- ma in retorting, "River; Great River! I saw no great river. A river is clear & rushing, and just whirls along; but the Missouri looked like a great cake of cracked mud, with a giant's cart rut in the middle, full of stagnant water." You will want to know how we travel. We have changed cars several times and only on the 'Burlington & Mo." cars did we have the hotel car arrange- -ment. This was very nice. We just stepped into a car fitted up with a double row of tables and seats, each for four persons and there we were served in quite a Delmonic fashion. Generally however we stop off at stations, being allowed 25 minutes for every meal. Everybody speaks to everybody as they do at sea, though we are in a drawing room car, the difference between that and the ordinary sleeping ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B32_F5_p012.jpg) car being not very much in money, but very much in comfort, and permitting Tom to lie out on a sofa whenever his back aches. There are two drawing rooms at each end of the car; and in the middle are the ordinary sleeping car seats, occu- -pied by "second class" travellers, who are more comfortable again than the people in the emigrant cars. These emigrant cars are like what our Germantown cars used to be! The other drawing-room at our end of the car is empty, so we have the use of it all day. (and the conductor at night) Each drawing room has a couple of arm chairs and a sofa, by day, and four plate glass windows, two of which look out directly on the view, the other two across a little narrow passage out of the windows which light it, and we really see just as well on that side as the other. Each window has double glasses which are closed at night. Even now, though the sky is brilliant, the wind howls round the ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B32_F5_p013.jpg) cars, and snow clouds are gathering on the horizon. The double windows are a necessity. Between the drawing rooms is a nice dressing closet. On the other trains the people of the other drawing room took turns with us in washing and dressing, but we have this one to ourselves. A tank of ice water and one of washing water, filled evening & morning, a marble basin, a new piece of soap, and six clean towels a day, and four looking glasses framed into the doors & sides of the dressing closet startled me excessively the first time I made my morning ablutions. I was in a brown study and for a moment did not recognise my own profile! At night we have a swinging lamp and two side ones for reading by. At bed time we could have two double berths and two single ones, but prefer to have only the lower ones made up. Willie is such a kicker that he kicked Evan ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B32_F5_p014.jpg) out of bed twice! Not a difficult matter as the double beds, even, are not wider than Mary Field's crib! We have books and writing materials and are enjoying ourselves wonder- -fully. Now I am going to mend my dress which Willie took by treading on as we scrambled over the "Butte". I find I have sprained my wrist a little, when the concussion of the engine came. I was walking from one drawing room to the other and was "chucked" forward like a doll, and bruised my elbow. It is now a quarter past one, and the engine that came up has helped us on to a siding -and here we remain! More "buttes"; more plains. Nothing else in sight! Harry—Ask Grandfather to pay for Miss Haines books and Mrs Smith's bill too, and let me know the amount. I will pay him. Elisha—Father says, yes, about French if Uncle John will see you don't work too much. Goodbye all. Father seems better today again, but his being better shows how ill he has been and still is. He could not get up to breakfast, and suf- -fers much pain. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B32_F5_p015.jpg) 1 4 Monday Novr. 25th 1872 Dear Harry, The road is much rougher here, and is inex- pressibly dreary, as the names of the stations indicate. We have just passed the "Black Buttes" whose rugged elevation, for- bidding without majesty, is almost a welcome contrast to the "Red Desert" which we have been traversing all day. It gives its name to one station, while the boilers of the engine were filled at "Bitter Creek." Truly it does not need that we should be reminded by the "waters of Mara" how nearly this forlorn country resembles the Desert of Sinai — without the sublime Mountain of the Law. Low hills, whose slopes are marked out by the wind-blown snow that rests in their shelter, a sandy plain of alkali and mingled snow and sage-bush tufts, stretch out mile after mile with no variety. The scrub- [The following is written upside down on page] 2 -by growth is like the hair on a Refuge Boy's head, all irregular and "bit off." The stations vary a little. We are stopping now at Hallville which, as Willie remarks must be so called because there is but one Hall, the little one story adobe house with a Sham board superstructure for a front. Willie is wrong for under the shelter of the low bluff there is a mud fort for the family to seek refuge in; windowless but pierced for rifles. The gentility of the board front — it is entirely above the rest of the house — indicates the presence of Lovely Woman, and a small girl running out at this moment, confirms it. At Bridger's Pass the board front could not have stood at all. There the station is bolted to the rocks by iron guys. We are seeing the dreariness of the desert and will miss all the grand scenery. The time table is admi- rably arranged to allow the traveller to see everything by daylight, but we are eight hours behind time, thanks to our detention yesterday. Cheyenne where we should have dined at one, we supped at after seven o'clock, and since then have lost another hour in crossing the great Summit at Sherman. At Cheyenne we could hardly keep our feet when we left the cars, so bitter keen was the icy wind. And such a night as we had! Sherman is 8000 ft above the ocean and as the cars struggled on the wind whistled so loudly that I thought we had a hot axle. We had four heavy blankets, but were so cold ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B32_F5_p016.jpg) 3 that Tom passed the whole night trying to stop wind gaps and keep us well covered. The stove outside was doing its best too! One after one the lights blew out, and were rekindled only to be blown out again. It seems that the place where the accident happened yesterday was 5000 and odd feet above the ocean, and the keen wind that made me enjoy my walk so much gave me a violent sore throat, tooth ache and neuralgia and cough. The dry air is curing it now with as much ra- pidity as is possible, but poor Tom was worried about me as well as the children. Had anything occurred to detain the cars there, he says the weakly among the children must have frozen to death. This morning it is still very cold but we are descending. Well for us that we have lunch-baskets for we are now delayed again at this Hallville, and will probably not attempt to stop at Green River! ludicrous misnomer! for dinner. Now for Tony Clay's other partridge, some crackers and a fig. My dear good Samaritan Tom has just returned from a stroll through the other cars, where he has found a consumptive. Now he has peeled two oranges and stuck sugar in them, Spanish [The following is written upside down on page] 4 fashion, and sent them to her by the boys, from Mamma! That is just like him, isn't it? By the bye, he says, I wasn't half thankful enough to God for our escape, yesterday. The many thicknesses of glass and wood between me and the engine he thinks, dulled the crash to me, though we are only three cars off the engine. But I think my courage and presence of mind for which he praises me was simply that I was so startled and bruised that I had not time to utter an exclamation before I had flown through the dressing room and was among my astonished family. And here this letter had to end, for it seems fever was coming on, and I have reason to be thankful that I have missed Pneumonia. As it is I am this afternoon Tuesday the 26th a wretched rag of fatigue in Salt Lake City! ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B32_F5_p017.jpg) November 29" /72 My darling Harry, The news about Horace Greeley comes to sadden Father just when he was beginning to be so bright and cheer- -ful! I had a letter from him—before we left—in which he bids me be hopeful, for my dear companion would be spared to me, but his was gone. I think it is well for him to die, for he will leave a pure and noble name, and poor Grant who seems so triumphant will drink and smoke himself into an igno- ble end. I am getting well fast now, but I did not know how sick I was going to be. The shock of the railroad accident and my bruises seemed to help to give my icy cold walk power over me. They tell me here I have had a great escape from the Mountain Fever. I took the little boys out on Wednesday, just a few blocks, and came home feeling very weak. Our first letters from home had just come and I sat down to read yours, and when I read about your crying in school over the Mountain Song, I began to cry too, and finished up by crying all my strength away so that I had to lie back in a rocking chair all the day. Willie has a bad cold now. I have just received letters from ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B32_F5_p018.jpg) you and my sister Helen. Please to present Lena with a kiss from me, and tell her I'm very glad she kissed me. God bless both my sisters for cheering me by their goodness to you. Father is like another man here. It would de- -light you to see how this people worship him! How I wish Elisha and you were with us to listen to the things they tell us of him. He has kept so quiet that we know nothing about him except what we have seen. Yesterday was Thanksgiving Day. I couldn't find where the Presbyterians met, but there was an Episcopal Church close to us, so I took the boys and sang the Lord's song in the strange land. We dined at the hotel preferring to decline all invitations. General Kimball dined with us, and he and Hosea Stout spent the evening. It was very pleasant in our little room, a bright fire of "lignite" burning, the table covered with the most splendid apples I ever saw, and the children and I absorbed in the stories Kimball told us of the Indians, and the mine-discoveries. If I can only make the shortest notes, so that I may not forget them when I come back! We are at a very little quiet hotel, where we preferred to be. But they have a famous cook, delicious eating, and are very clean. Only 25 children in the family, and ten dead! Your loving Mother. I spent yesterday afternoon with John W's mother, a very sweet old lady, the Queen Katherine of this dynasty. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B32_F6_p001.jpg) All the "Gentiles" here are crazy about the Mines. If I only had the money we put into our RR. I'd be crazy too. S.L. City Decr. 4th. 1872 My dear Sashy, I was growing anxious about you, when your nice letter came yesterday. I hope Aunt Mabel won't make you so happy that you won't want to return! I wish you would say in your next, what your classes are in the school, that I may understand the difference. Is it smallest boys Primary, next B.1, next B.2, or B2 first then B1., then A.2 then A.1? I have great reason to be thank- -ful, tell Uncle John, that your Father was here when the news of Greeley's death came. He has had so many people to see him and so much to hear that he has been unable to stop to think of the loss, and when there is no one here he has me writing what we hear that is worth remembering, and takes ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B32_F6_p002.jpg) great interest in it. He has walked out a little way several times without his crutches, and has taken some drives. I have had several, too. Yesterday the boys and I took an airing alone in the "royal carriage" to the sulphur spring. I enclose for you a little book which an Indian inter- -preter gave me. He has spent every morning this week talking to me. If I am not converted it won't be for want of preaching to "Sister Kane". ~ Tell Uncle John that our fondest wish couldn't exceed the realisation so far of the improvement in Father. He eats, and sleeps, and laughs, and I feel so thankful. As to Biv. he has taken a start, is as freckled as Uncle John used to be when he was a boy, and eats till he is ashamed. He and Willie roam all over the city, and came home the other day full of having been called "Gentiles" by Mormon boys. Love to Aunt Mabel and the children. Your loving Mother ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B32_F6_p003.jpg) Decr. 5th. 1872 My dear Harry, Nothing new has happened since I wrote. I took the boys a walk yesterday, and stood by while they looked in every shop window as long as they liked. They enjoyed it more than I did, but it was an offering to you. If I am spared, we are all going to a dinner party tomor- row at "Brother Staines'" as Willie gravely says. Willie pointed to the cupola of the City Hall. "There's where Thomas L. is going to take me." "There, Willie! You're dreaming! Father never could get up the stairs." "Oh," says Will," I mean Thomas L. Kane Little. They call him Thomas L. at home." ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B32_F6_p004.jpg) [Column 1] A lamp exploded when we were at dinner the other day in the room next to mine. An opposite neighbour saw the flames, and broke into the room. The first thing we saw was a blaze reaching to the ceiling, and an old gen- tleman sprang up from his seat, and carried out a little dressing table that was covered with blazing oil, and threw it into the street though it burned his hands severely. The rest of the fire was soon put out. I had a call today from some of the people who go South with us. I guess it will be quite an expedition like the one in the photographs John Young gave us. Every one here, except the Mormons, [Column 2] in wild about the silver mines. and some of the younger Mormons who are settled in wild plaes find themselves owners of silver mines they never dreamed of. Many large fortunes are made but many speculators lose all they invest. Your loving Mother ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B32_F6_p005.jpg) Sunday Dec 7/72 Dear Elisha. We have had clear weather nearly all the time. On Friday we all went to a party at Mr. Staines. When we were thare he showed us a plant which he called a Resurrection plant. It was all drayed up into a little brown ball. Then he put it in water and in half an hour it was as big as a plate. mo On Friday morning Mr. Young took Willie and me to see his Museum. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B32_F6_p006.jpg) [Column 1] This afternoon Willie and I went up on the hill to see a great big over shot water wheel. The water binn been turned off as it was Sun- day. We went to church this morning. Dear boy, This will be your last news of us probably for some time. If all goes well we are to start on Wednesday for a trip to the extreme South of the Territory with the prospect of remaining there at St George for six weeks at least. We go in carriages, with bag- gage waggons following, and will be twelve days on the road. We means the Prophet, his youngest wife, and a number of other people [Column 2] the best in the Territory. It is a sort of Royal Progess in a primitive King- dom with Father for Queen of Sheba! Give my dear love to Uncle John and Aunt Mabel. Father sometimes thinks he is run down with callers, but I am sure it does him good, and it does me good to "see my brain respeckit." Farewell my darling boy, Live so that you may be able to look us in the face, and God bless you, Your loving Mother Keep for me the enclosed which I cut out of a paper. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B32_F6_p007.jpg) P.S. Monday Your very nice letter of the 3rd just received. I enclose $5. which you will buy something for Aunt Mabel's children for Christmas with ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B32_F6_p008.jpg) Read this letter yourself. Grandfather & your aunts can read it, and then let it go straight to Elisha who can show it to Uncle John, but I don't want it to go the rounds by way of Phila and do not let anybody allude to this or any of my letters in their answers Salt Lake City Decr. 7/72 My dear Harry, I was at my first Mormon dinner party yesterday. At three the "Presidents'" carriage, with Mrs Amelia Young, the youngest wife, called for the boys and me, and returned afterwards to take up Father and Mr. B.Y. We were to dine at Mr. Staines' house (a hump- backed man with a very kind expression.) Mr. Staines nursed Father when he was sick in S.L.C. at the time he came to make the peace, and therefore Father accepted his invitation though he declined all others. As we came from the depot the day we arrived Pres. Young had pointed out Brother Staines's pretty West Philadelphia-looking villa, and when, yesterday, we turned up towards the houses on the first slope—the "foot-hill" of the mountains I was just about to re- mark that we were surely going a very roundabout way. I recollected however, as I opened my mouth, that perhaps, as ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B32_F6_p009.jpg) the phrase is here only "part of his family" reside there. Poor Bro. Staines family is all wives, no children, and when I saw him sitting at the foot of the table, with two wives at the foot, I couldn't help thinking of "Baby" Evan's deformed rooster with his two little hens! The house we dined at was a different one: quite small but very pretty; on the slope of the hill overlooking the city, and facing the grand mountains. I never saw such a lovely place as this is! From the top of the foot- hills which run along the base of the mountain, (as in our RR, cut a little sloping bank of sand is formed at the foot of the cut steep cutting by the crumbling away of the earth) from these foot-hills, you see on one side, far off, the steel-blue Lake, and beyond it the Oquirrh mountains, and nearer the plain full of farms; and in front the wide streets of the city, village lined with trees, and each house set in its own orchard plot, the whole softened from the dazzling brilliancy of the mountains and lake, by the soft hues of the leafless trees, and the light blue smoke curling from every house. On the other side, and much closer rise the Wahsatch range of mountains which sweep round to melt in the distance with the Oquirrh. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B32_F6_p010.jpg) The snow never wholly leaves these mountains, and since we came here they have never looked alike any two hours, changing in hue as the day changed from sunrise to moonrise, and as the skies varied from clear to gray, and the clouds rose above, or rested halfway down them. Yesterday afternoon as I looked out of Mr. Staines windows there had fallen a fresh covering of pure white snow on the Oquirrh mountains, and they were glittering in rose and gold and white, while the Wahsatch were rugged and brown with patches of snow in the ravines. Mr. Staines' house stands in a large garden where the flowers still show some green in their stems, though you must remember we are 5000 ft up in the world here. The house has a high basement where we dined. There in on the first floor a lightsome square hall, a bedroom where we took off our things; and I suppose a small one behind, judging from the shape of the house, and beyond the hall a cosy little parlor. Everything was tiny, but in good taste and as fresh and clean as the eye. Mr. and Mrs Staines ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B32_F6_p011.jpg) met us in the porch. She looked about forty, not pretty but rather pleasant-looking, good features, black wavy hair and dark eyes. She wore a gray Irish poplin with a rose coloured cravat and bow of the same colour in her hair. She welcomed us cordially, and took us into the bedroom to put off our wrappings, and thin, apologising for the necessity of her going down to super- intend her dinner, she led us into the parlour and vanished, while Mr. Staines again went through the ceremony of introduction to "Mrs. Staines". This time it was a young woman of about twenty- eight, whose manner to the other Mrs. Staines and to her husband was like that of an adopted grown up niece. She had a good-tempered insignificant face her nose having so little character that its expression was completely swamped by the portentously impressive chignon she wore. I felt as if it ought to be turned towards us, and talk, instead of the childish mouth. However, she made herself very pleasant, and her slight ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B32_F6_p012.jpg) Scotch accent was pleasant to my ear. She came from Kilmarnock, twenty years ago. Mrs Young the children and I were there for some time before the other guests. B.Y. and Father, and Brother Jennings and wife, arrived. The latter pair are vulgar rich English, dropping their "hs" recklessly. One hears drop- -ped "hs" everywhere here, there so many English. Some do it no oftener than Mr. Bell or your Uncle Lawrence Heyworth, some as often as Mr. Hadfield or Dick Looker. Our boys behaved beautifully. They were very nicely dressed in sailor suits, with little cravat bows, and brand new shirt collars, the stiffness of which delighted their hearts, gay striped stockings and pretty shoes, and blue kid gloves — once given to their Mamma in those early days when Father fancied it was an amiable distrust of her own powers that led her to decline attempting to wear No 6. kids. Mr. Staines devoted himself to them. He and the wife in gray have travelled extensively and brought ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B32_F6_p013.jpg) home quantities of curiosties from South America and California, and stereoscopic views from everywhere. I coveted a photograph of the gateway of Glasgow Univer- -sity for my father. Mr. Staines planted in a dish of water before we went in to dinner a scrubby little brown ball. When we returned to the parlour it had already spread out delicate brown fronds over all the plate, and kept unrolling as we watched. This is the "resurrection plant" of California. I know "Grandfather" Wood will like to know what we had for dinner. First, let me say the table- -cloth was exquisitely fine, and the silver and glass both good in quality and beautifully kept. There were certain little peculiarities in the table-service, rendered necessary by the deficiency of waiters. They had a young timid girl, and Mrs Staines the lady of the house had to help her. I noticed that each guest removed the lid of the dish opposite, and helped his neighbours in a quiet way that showed it was the custom. The President gave us a tremendously long grace though good in its matter. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B32_F6_p014.jpg) Each one's bread and little pat of butter, and glass of icewater stood by the plate side, and there were saucers for the vegetables. This is Yankee, but the cooking was the best English. First came clear gravy soup. Next, roast beef with a garnish of horse-radish, roast turkey, raw and stewed tomatoes, green peas, corn, celery, sweet and Irish potatoes, all of the very finest. The peas tomatoes and corn had grown here and been put up in bottles by the lady of the house. The dessert was mince-pie, plum- pudding, wine jelly, plum cake, jelly-cake, and tartlets of clear raspberry jelly. Two silver baskets of different kinds of grapes, and a dish of magnificent apples completed the repast. Now I've told you all the list because, including two kinds of grape wine, everything was the production of their own gar- -den. There were California figs, and mottoes, but I don't count them, and I don't mean that the mince-pies and plum- puddings grew on the premises: but they were home- produce in the sense that Mrs Staines made them. The pudding was boiled thirty-six hours! She says she ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B32_F6_p015.jpg) makes the puddings for the whole winter at once, and hangs them up in the garret to dry. Then as she needs them she takes one down, and gives it a little boil of four hours more to freshen it up. Willie made a modest little remark which was very acceptable to his hosts, about the apples which were artistically piled up with green and red ones alternating, crowned by a large red and yellow one. He said he could hardly think it natural. If he had seen it painted he should have said the artist had laid on too much paint. He was right, as to the effect. All fruits grow here wonderfully. They have currants as large as grapes, apples that have weighed 28 ounces, big English gooseberries; and yet exquisite peaches, apricots, nectarines; pears and grapes ripening under the same sunshine. Raspberries bear two crops, the second starting in the autumn on the young shoots of the spring, and bearing until the frost. We had plenty of talk down at our end of the table about these things. I sat opposite B.Y. on the right ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B32_F6_p016.jpg) of Mr. Staines. There was some talk also about our journey. Mr. Staines is to go, and Mrs Amelia Young urged the elder Mrs Staines to go for her health. The younger one pressed her to go with affectionate earn- estness. Fancy Cousin Margaret pressing Mamma, mine not yours, I mean, to go away for the winter with my Father. Latter-Day-Saints indeed, these women must be, or else little must they care for their hus- bands! The Mormons fancy the air is thick with disembodied Gentile spirits, angels who will serve the resurrected saints—and who are longing for "tabernacles". If it were true, and dead first wives came into the home-circle and saw their own children mingled with step-children, and the husband of their youth with "a young wife to whom he was very devoted" as one old Mormon lady said to me of hers,—could they bear it as coolly as these women seem to do! I couldn't! I saw an odd little scene today. Mrs Little No 2. s[---] sweeping the parlour, while Mrs Little No 1, ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B32_F6_p017.jpg) an old lady, dandled Mrs No 2s baby in sight of her mother to keep it from crying. Fancy my dearly loved Cousin Becky amusing Cousin Maria's baby! Oh dear, what a queer world we live in! We were invited to go to the theatre after dinner, where some of the President's own daughters were to play with the professionals in Frou-frou. Father had bidden me decline beforehand. You know he is the one that never goes, and I felt like a hypocrite talking of my Presbyterian Scruples, and thinking how often I had accompanied Aunt Nelly! We returned home about eight. Among a number of documents sent us, in a catalogue for 1871 of the students in the University Guess how many were Youngs! Give it up? Thirty Eight! Your loving Mother. P.S. Don't forget that Elisha is to keep all the letters in small envelopes. You keep unopened the long enveloped ones. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B32_F7_p001.jpg) Christmas Eve, 1872 My dear Children: I have been thinking so much of your being together at this time! Perhaps my letter may reach you before you part. Aunt Helen has written to invite Elish. to spend his Easter holidays with her, and if you can go there for a week or so I should like you to do so, as you and Harry might take walks and go to see picture galleries and so on, together. I found letters from you both here when we arrived last night. Here; is at St. George in Southern Utah, six miles from Arizona. Fancy what a pleasure it was! We ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B32_F7_p002.jpg) had travelled 13 days in a carriage; yet I sat right down to read the letters aloud, before I washed one atom of the red desert dust off. Phew! how dusty we were! Aunt Helen, Grandfather, Harry and Elisha: how refreshing the letters were! We are most comfortably settled here for the winter months. A large parlor with three windows, and a nice bedroom opening from it, wh. has another door into the dining room are set aside for us. I don't know whether this great house be- longs to the Church or not. We brought with us a black man from Phila whom the Pres: has provided to wait upon and cook for us, but he has rheumatism, and for the present we board with the family of Bishop Snow. They live in the house, but ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B32_F7_p003.jpg) I don't know whether it is theirs. Mr. and Mrs Musser, Mr. Staines, and Bishop Sheets who were of our travelling party are here too. Our party travelled in six carriages, with six baggage waggons, so you can imagine we were quite a pro- cession, and we felt quite patriar- chal when we halted and camped at noon. It seems so funny to hear the boys talk, without meaning to use traveller's words—as at their time of life I might have been tempted to do!—about the "sink of the Sevier" this or that "cañon"—the "Rio Virgin" and the "Co-op." The "Co-op" is the familiar way of speaking of the "Co-op- -erative Store" of the place. At Mr. Little's in Salt Lake Ev. was greatly surprised by the number of his children. He said it was like the lines in "Alice", ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B32_F7_p004.jpg) "And yet another four Till thick and fast they came at [---] All hopping to the shore." There were really only 15 living, but there had been 25. Think how much blessing for one man. Even the greatest baby-lover would have been obliged to remark that "Enough was as good as a feast!" Every morning and evening I hear you two prayed for, besides our own "bit sifflication" and it makes me feel very kindly to the people who pray so much. The dear father is just wonderfully well. Think of his riding for 13 days nearly all day long and being well at the end of the journey! By the bye, Harry—for recitation try Halleck's Marco Bozzaris, and in Whittier the "still stands the school house by the road", and "John Brown of Ossawottomie". Your loving mother. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B32_F7_p005.jpg) 1 S.L.C. Decr. 11th. /72 My dear Harry, I was up till one o'clock packing last night, as Father wished me to squeeze our belongings into three instead of four trunks, and to leave one here. The trunks were called for early this morning, as the baggage waggons start one day ahead. We are able to take the first day's journey by train, and are to start after a six o'clock breakfast. Our journey is to occupy twelve days! It will be quite a long time before you hear from us again. It is such a trip as we never could take under other circumstances. I do not know yet who are going, but there will be a large party. After reaching St George and resting from our journey, we are to go up the Rio Virgin. You have pictures of that taken on a former journey of the President's." Yesterday morning Mr. Huntingdon, my inter- -preter friend was here as usual, but could not stay "Tabby-una" ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B32_F7_p006.jpg) the successor of the great Ute chief Wah-ker, (with the account of whose burial rites Father horrified Aunt Tot) had come in to demand fifty dollars for one of his band killed by a white three months ago. Failing its receipt he was to declare war. Huntington gave me an account of B.Y.'s answer. "Say to him, that the Utes have killed a hundred of our men to one we have killed of theirs. Are they ready to pay for them? Tell him not to offer to make war on us, but if they choose it, come on, we are ready for them." Accordingly Tabby-una has gone off to bring out his war parties, and "there is to be trouble" at "San Pete", as the whites under the impression it is an old Spanish name call the Sanpitch country, an Indian name for a peculiar grass growing there. "How far from our route is that?" I asked of the President. "Oh, fifty to seventy miles off, they won't trouble us." Think of hostile Indians so near as that! He says when we get down to "Kanosh's" country he will send him over to talk to them. (I have ever so long histories, over which you will yawn, about these chiefs to read you) And now I have a very interesting thing to tell you about, our dinner party yesterday at the Lion ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B32_F7_p007.jpg) House! I was tired out before I went, running errands and packing: I am afraid I was rather cross too! However the carriage came for us and carried us to the gate in the wall that admitted us into a paved courtyard in front of the Lion House. This Lion House is the one with so many gables, and the verandah below is a large glazed corridor on which the parlour windows look. B.Y. came out on the steps to meet us, and took us into a small sitting room on one side of the hall with a bedroom off where we could put our things off. Mrs Little No 1. was in there and offered her as- -sistance in our tiring arrangements. Then we went into the parlour on the left of the hall. The hall by the bye is very wide and long with a low ceiling, and all the furnishing is heavy, and old fashioned, with a snug comfortable oak-panelled, curtains and fire, and easy-chair sensation about it. There are two parlours one very large, the other about the length and twice the width of Grandfather's dining room. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B32_F7_p008.jpg) *There were 8 or 9 present but I wasn't introduced to more than five at once As I came in, B.Y. came forward to introduce me to a crowd of ladies who all rose at once. That untimely and uncontrollable grin of mine twitched my mouth when I came to the fifth* "My wife Mrs Young." However rescue came to my aid by a change to daughters, and of these he had all the married ones present who were in the city and well enough to be there. Short and tall, young and middle-aged, ugly and pretty; there were loads of them! I asked one of the old Mrs Youngs how many there daughters he had. She thought a good while, and finally said she couldn't quite tell—there were over twenty married. Another Mrs Young chimed in that he had fifteen grandchildren born last year, so that it wasn't easy to reckon up a family that changed so constantly. There were two wives of Brigham Junior's present, and two of the sisters were married to one husband, but for the rest most of the people had only one wife along. Mr. & Mrs Jennings (Number unknown) Mr. and Mrs Wells (ditto) Mr. & Mrs Staines (No 1) Mr. and Mrs Little (No 1) were the only guests. The rest ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B32_F7_p009.jpg) as I said, were a selection from the family. When dinner was announced, Pres: B.Y. took his first wife by the hand, Tom and I followed, then the boys, and then all the rest, (husbands and wives — or a selection — walking in pairs), and we went down to the long dining room which was very much like a board- -ing-school one, except that no boarding school ever dis- -played such a feast. I sat on the President's right, his wife on his left, then Tom and then his eldest daughter Mrs Alice Clawson. The boys sat next to me but gave up their seats to a pair of late guests and went down to seats near the foot where B.Y. Jr. presided. After we had dined the table was filled again by the younger sons and daughters; but we were thirty in num- -ber. Mrs Amelia the youngest wife, and two elderly women (I don't think they were wives, but servants, <*Mrs Little says they were wives.> though they addressed the family without any handle to their names) — waited on table, and Jno. W. carved for his father in a gentlemanly and quiet way that was beautiful — ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B32_F7_p010.jpg) "Young Selby at the fair hall-board Carved for his uncle and that lord And reverently took up the word." John Young's manner of addressing his father is just the nicest in the world. And by the way our boys did behave just as well as children could, modest yet self-possessed, neither bold nor bashful, and asking no indiscreet questions. The first dish was oyster soup made with big frying oysters. I can't enumerate all the things. The dinner was plainer than Mr. Staines' and not so hot, but still a grand feast. Oh dear, I have to stop, there are so many callers. — I have only time to say that before parting for the night, B.Y. rang a bell and the rooms filled with sons and daughters, and then every one knelt down to pray, "in the name of our Lord and Saviour Jesus Christ." He prayed God to bless "thy servant General Kane and his wife, his little children here, and his son and daughter left behind "with all the blessings that he could think of. When we left, the family crowded after us in the hall, as we do after friends we love. Fancy your hosts bidding you farewell by the dozen! Your loving mother. Evy, Will and I have had our photographs taken for you & Sash. Mrs Young will forward them. Mine I thought awful but Father says it is very good. alas! alas! ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B32_F7_p011.jpg) St George U. T. Jan 6/73 My dear Harry, I send by this mail a long envelope to Grandfather. It contains nothing private, merely a voucher for $93. for deposit in Bank. Tell him also that I have written to Mr. Field to remit him $200 before Feb. 1st of which $125. is for Miss Haines, the remainder is to pay for school-books, dressmaker's, and other expenses he has advanced for you, as far as it will go. I want you as you go for your walk today to ask the druggist for a copy of those recipes pre- -scriptions I sent you for your eyes: or if you have the originals send them to me in your next letter. It seems a long time since I heard from you, my pet. What do you think of our young gentlemen going to a party on Monday without us! And dancing ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B32_F7_p012.jpg) three cotillions apiece! It seems so funny to hear Elisha talk of his shyness and see the coolness of these little chaps. Evan walks right up to an In- -dian and studies his paint. The Indians round here are quite pleased by his admiration. Evy asks every one right and left for autographs, and Master Will and he drop in at the blacksmith's and wheelwrights' shops, or join "President Young" with serene confidence that they are welcome. I have just found an immensely long letter that I wrote you from Nephi describing our journey down, and which I must have forgotten to mail. Did I ever tell you of our sleeping at Cove Creek Fort (you have a photograph of it) with Mr & Mrs Musser in the same room? Yesterday—but here Father sends for me to walk and I must mail this and be done with it. I am well, he is well, they are well: the air is heavenly the sky blue as it can be, the sunlight dazzling, the earth a blazing red, volcanoes as thick as hops, though extinct) Your loving Mother ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B32_F7_p013.jpg) St George U.T. Jan: 19th. 1873 My dear Harry, We have just seen your own and Elisha's accounts of your Christmas festivities. We have been to another ball. As a general rule "General Kane & Ladies" decline the invitations, but this one was given in father's honour. (I suppose the "Ladies" is the usual Mormon form adopted here by a slip of the pen, for the invitations to us generally run "General Kane wife and Sons".) Also we were at two dinner parties. We have thus you see had a dissipated week. We were also invited to a funeral, but didn't go. We had a drive of about fourteen miles, the cortege consisting of a "buggy" driven by Papa containing him- -self and President Young. (The horses required strong holding, and Papa's back has ached badly since) Then came a carriage containing Mrs Amelia, your mother, Evy and "Brother Oster", the driver. Then one of ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B32_F7_p014.jpg) their odd ambulance-like carriages, containing Pres: of this "Stake of Zion", Snow, Mr. Lorenzo Young (BY's brother) Mr. Staines and Willie and Mr. L. Young's son Joseph W. We drove through the Washington fields to Washington and back. These people have a tract of several miles fenced in and farm spots that are arable and "irrigable" in the "field". We passed one where the wheat was two or three inches high, others where they had ploughed harrowed and seeded; and Evy was delighted with permission to get down at a cotton field and pick off some stray bolls that were left. There were fields where the sugar cane had been growing, and some where luzerne had been. Of this last they cut four crops a year? The soil here is very red, but every now and then you meet a field, or see on the ruts in the road a thick white efflorescence. This is saleratus and is sometimes an inch thick. The water is slightly flavoured with it, and with Glauber salts, and when we drink it we mix it with "portable lemon- ade." To go back to our drive. We twice forded the Rio Virgin, or as they call it here "the Ry-o-Virgin River." The first time the valley was wide and though the water flowed close under the bluff on one side it sparkled in ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B32_F7_p015.jpg) several shallow channels in the broad bed. The other time it was in one narrow stream, over the hubs of our wheels, and just below the ford there were waves like those over a rock, that seemed to gather force for several seconds and then combed over and sub- sided as our seventh sea wave does. These waves indicated a quicksand. They said teams would cross safely enough —if they didn't "stall"—, but several with their drivers have been swallowed up. Last spring a man who was moving down here, having a molasses mill in his wagon got his team stalled and the whole party, man, wife and two children, wagon and horses were swallowed up. As Evy remarked "She's a wicked Virgin, and a very dirty muddy one too!" We noticed that the fences which are of woven willow round cottonwood posts had taken root on either side the road in some places, like Robinson Crusoe's stockade and had grown into fine trees. Ten years growth has made trees as large as most of the New York shade trees ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B32_F7_p016.jpg) We gathered quantities of fresh cress at a spring, and noticed the increased breadth and thickness of the fringe of grass along the "ceqs" short for acequias, or irrigating channels. What labour these people have put in here! $30.000 in day's works these St George men have put in their channels and fences, and the tormenting Virgin has overflowed her banks, broken away the tiny dams, and worn away her own bed so much deeper that many channels—"ceqs"— have to be dug over again. Here and there in the field were little "boweries" of woven branches for the men to rest in during the overpowering heat of summer noons.— We left the field at Washington after a drive of about seven miles through it, and drove along the half dry bed of a torrent that used to be some ten feet above its present level. Its waters turn the wheel of the cotton factory. We went through it and saw the whole process from cleaning out the seed to the making of cloth and cotton thread, and also the whole process of working up wool into cloth. It is time for "meeting". Goodbye. Your loving Mother. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B32_F7_p017.jpg) Tuesday March 18/73 My precious Tom, Our dear Biv's cold is so much better that he says he is perfectly well. But I thought it well to keep him quiet yesterday. I took him round the corner to Helen's only, and the Watts children drank tea here with our boys. Sa- bina and Uncle James dined here last night, and are well and kind to our Harry. She says Uncle James has taken her out to some place of amusement every week. Nell is better at once for having been put under doctor's treatment but still looks very weak. Her doctor wants her to go to Kane, and I should like to let her come paying her share of the expenses, if you have no objection, and her husband will let her. The bell for prayers has just rung. — I am going to try for Janney, but I ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B32_F7_p018.jpg) hear she has gone to a place. The absence of any telegram is letting me down gently, but I hold to what I wrote by yesterday's mail. I am going to walk to school with Harry, thence to the Intelligence Office and thence to the School of Design with the boys. Tomorrow to the dentist. I can't help writing stupidly for the family are buzzing round me, and what you are doing and feeling is so much more interesting to me than what I am. Your loving Bess ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B32_F7_p019.jpg) Feb 28th. 1873 G.S.L. City! My dearest Harry and Elisha, Back again you see! What a journey we have had; plunging into winter as soon as we climbed to the top of the mountains above St George! We were very anxious as to whether Father could stand the journey, for the jarring against the hard volcanic rocks made him suffer so much in the first few miles of the journey that I feared he would have to give it up. However he perse- vered and is really better than when he left St George. We had a splendidly soft bed for him in the carriage, and I had "Felix Holt" to read aloud when he found the journey too hard. Also we had an excellent, careful driver, but I doubt whether carriages ever made such a drive before. Some of the canyons had the snow three and four feet deep, and at other times, where the snow overlaid half frozen mud, we could hardly struggle along at all. One day we were ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B32_F7_p020.jpg) seven hours and a half going eighteen miles. The carriages stalled repeatedly, and occasionally a horse varied the monotony by tumbling down. In the course of one morning we had to turn out of the road to avoid eight abandoned wagons that had settled down heavily in the "sloos". We set out with the President's splen- did teams but they all got the epizootic and had to run along loose beside or following the procession until we came to Beaver where they were left to get well. We had to have relays of fresh horses twice a day, for the poor creatures would be utterly worn out in a few hours by the terrible pulling, and several outriders came beside us on horseback to help up with the wheels in cases of extremity. Yesterday when we had breakfasted at half past six, so as to ride the eighteen miles to Lehi by 12 where we were to meet the special train—we got into Lehi three minutes ahead of time—to find that the train was blocked up twelve miles ahead. So we had to pile in again, and drive to that place. We had to go over a place that made me hide my face in ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B32_F7_p021.jpg) terror. The Jordan river flows so close to the mountain that the RR. is forced to follow the side- -hill at a point where you look sheer down 1000 feet. There is a carriage road inside the RR track, that is, closer to the mountain; but the drifts had piled up on it so that we had to go outside the RR. track, and the snow and mud being pretty deep, the carriages pitched and swayed in a manner that was very suggestive to those who remembered, as I did, passing the place in the cars and being shown the spot as one where several vehicles had rolled down. We reached the cars in safety however — a hundred men had been at work digging them out of the drifts, and we were soon speeding along towards the city in a special car. A number of friends had come to meet us and the buzz of conversation was like that at a large ball. Here we received the news of the passage of the Frelinghuysen bill by the Senate. I had suffered much the past week with neuralgia, setting finally in my jaws, and if I could spare them I feel like having eight or ten teeth drawn, for I can hardly sleep or ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B32_F7_p022.jpg) eat. Father is getting so anxious to be home to see about his business affairs that I should not wonder if he started in a few days, as soon as the RRs are open, without going to Cali- fornia at all. We now think of running to Phila first that we may know about Papa's business and see Uncle John to get his advice about his health. Then I want to get my chance to see my Harriet—and my dentist! And to ascertain whether the fair Janney will return to me or not. Father wants to be at Kane April 1st if he can. We found letters from you both awaiting us here Elisha's telling of a Lecture on Chlorine and the seeing Macbeth ( ) enacted, Harry's of going to a lecture and a reading and a Delmonico. The boys are well, and are at this present engaged in a game of Authors with some of the Young children and grandchildren; Father is standing at the table poring over a book, I am sitting at another with a pile of apples & oranges in front of me to fill any vacant corners that may occur between breakfast lunch and dinner. Your loving Mother ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B32_F7_p023.jpg) Nephi Juab Co: U.T. Dec. 15th 1872 My dear Harry, Halting for the first Sunday on our journey at the hospitable dwelling of Mr. Samuel Pitchforth I feel as if I could get very near to you by sitting down to write at my usual Sunday afternoon hour at home. I have scribbled a few notes of our journey to Provo in my black pocket-book, and left off where I was describing the comfortable quarters we had at the President's house there. We went to bed very early, for when I took the boys upstairs we found warm water and a fire, and so indulged in the luxury of a good washing. There was some talk of the President's staying over one day to recruit: I asked Mrs. Lucy Young whether she would not endeavorer to per- -suade him to do so. "No," she said, "he would be inspired to do what was right-, he was always guided by the Spirit in every action of his life. "When she was first married, she said, she had thought frequently that her own opinion was as good as his, but whenever she had acted at variance with his ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B32_F7_p024.jpg) expressed opinion she had found how wrong she was. So that she was perfectly easy to trust to his decision. This lady is the handsomest and most ladylike of the Mrs Youngs I have seen. Her hair is as gray as mine but her soft neck and cheek show no sign of age. She travels in a carriage immediately behind us with her own daughter Rhoda Mabel a fair-haired intelligent child of ten, and another daughter of the President's who is going for her health, Mrs Ettie Empy. The Pres.'s carriage containing himself, Mrs Amelia and a travelling clock goes first; next comes ours, there Mrs Lucy Young's then Mr. Lorenzo Young's (the President's brother, his wife and son;) then two other carriages containing Mr. Staines Bro. Musser and wife, Bishop Sheets and our coloured man. I don't know how they arrange themselves. We have also six baggage wagons. The eldest Mrs Young told me before we left that it was a comfort to her now that she could no longer accom- -pany the President that she had Mrs Amelia with him who knew what he needed, and could wait upon him with so much assiduity. While he was so sick at Provo, Mrs Eliza jestingly remarked to K. as she bustled about her duties of housekeeping that it was the advantage of their system that while she was too ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B32_F7_p025.jpg) busy to attend to him, he had others ready to wait upon him. I should not have been willing to be Martha while Mary took the pleasanter part! Much of the or- -dinary husband-and-wife love in our system is simply habit, and everyone knows how much one misses a person whose daily life fits in with ours—just as you miss a waitress to whose performance of her duties you are used. Among Mormon households the master of the house cannot be much missed in its daily life, and the wife cannot rely upon him as her intimate counsellor as I do on Tom. ❡ As his father was sick, B.Y. Jr. prayed in the evening. Next morning his father was able to officiate. They do not read a chapter or two, but the whole household kneels at once, while the head prays aloud beginning always "In the name of thy Son our Saviour Jesus Christ, Father we ask" etc. I think they do not say "if it be thy Will", as we do, but simply pray for the blessings they want expecting they will be granted if that is best. Though I do remember B.Y. praying for the restoration and healing of the sick "if not ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B32_F7_p026.jpg) appointed unto death." They do not spend half their prayer in "ascriptions." We We left Provo after a visit to the Presi- -dent's grand new woollen mills, just getting into operation. One of the two big mules was working making running 270 spindles. A young man from Kellyville was superintending, F. X. Loughery by name a nephew of old Charles Kelly. I am ashamed to say I don't remember very much about our eighteen mile drive. I didn't feel very well and perhaps that dulled my perceptions. I remember that a threatening cloud from the North gradually overspread the sky, blotting out the sunshine from the snowy peaks, and dimming the bright blue lake. We reached Payson before dark, and were were quartered in the house of Mr. Douglas, a Scotch Irish man with a very ugly wife. The two parlours and our bedroom were prettily papered and furnished, but there was a formality about the hostess which made me feel very much less at home than I do here in the far more unpretentious house of Mr. Pitchforth. Our drive yesterday was a twenty eight mile one, but seemed short. We looked our last at the lovely Utah Lake, and then climbed slowly up the side of the divide. The cobble-stone gravel over which we travelled with here and there a small pool of clear water can best be realised by going to any gravel pit, and then reducing yourself in imagination ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B32_F7_p027.jpg) to the size of a fly. But then beyond this gravel pit and the shabby herbage rise magnificent mountains snow-capped, snow streaked, red streaked, speckled with cedars, variously coloured by the dead summer's growths shadowed by ravines and variations of rock dip and strike that rendered them always interesting, and grand in their sterile majesty. The pass we travelled through is probably a charming green valley plain in summer. Even now its sage-green was dotted with cattle. The scattered settlements looked poor and a little Irish compared to those we had seen. Yet when you came up you saw the little orchards all set out, and realised that in summer they would be very pretty. At Willow Creek I think it was we saw a very small picture that any artist would have delighted in, contained between a house and its barn, made up only of a clear rushing brook, a few gnarled cottonwoods, and a girl with a red neck shawl going for a pail of water. At Panyan Grove we stopped to water our horses near an uncomfortable looking farm. Our teamsters had kindled a fire, but oh such a cold rushing wind came down from Nebo's 12008 ft of height just above us! Nebo is still apparently close to us ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B32_F7_p028.jpg) though the "little hills" we watched the two smokes on for the last hours of our journey as they crouched at Nebo's feet now rise up great mountains. The smokes changed last night into five bright fires—kindled by Indians they say. We are near Tabby-una's country and know, though these good people don't, that Tabby has declared war. Now for notes—dreary gravestones in sage brush entering Nephi—"salt for sale"—must be Nephi—separate from Pres. party: ugly brown adobe—different colours of adobe. J.P. English res. Isle of man but Yorkshire—wives Hereford large rosy blue eyed—Yorkshire "lile scrat"—mother of 12, buried 5—spent evening listening tales of trials here and en route: moved log house twice for Indians—only one citizen killed & that last October thought to be by Tabby una: Kanosh says it was. K took notes of Tabby's visit this summer, Mrs P. told of Walker. One of his captives now in house—pretend shoot, burn legs, bury to neck—fierce eyes of Wah-ker—Baptiste here, offended, she sick, saw church surrounded, guns—Baptiste stripped to "banter" them—to be, turned out—give ground for fighting—Baptiste's good Shoshone squaw—cried—made signs—kissed babies—3 days after war broke out—took refuge in fort. Tales of magnetism Steptoe's headache cured by Arrahpene. Indian interpreter in S.L.C. bad leg cured by Indians magnetic pass and shake: other hand with index point sky arm bent at a squaw. Told of suffering on journey and in S.L.C. 3 veils spoilt sifting course flour, gradual eating up of coarser & coarser. Staines story of bean soup—why laugh?—Because pleased was asked to eat bean soup & have got it! Sunday prayers after breakfast church, L. Young Musser ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B32_F7_p029.jpg) Staines—said painful cross to him to speak—could not profit them if spirit of W.C. Staines spoke—hoped brethren wd ask Spirit of God upon him—was once good Meth: fasted prayed Bible every leisure moment. Heard doctrine prayed for guidance baptised & hands laid on felt nothing week after read by fasting and prayer left untouched tea Thursday evening fasted Friday felt no hunger Saturday morning pruning raspberry canes felt that he ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B32_F8_p001.JPG) Hon Simon Cameron My dear Sir; The knowledge that you have an unrivalled memory, makes it unnecessary for me to say more by way of introduction than that I am the wife of Thomas L. Kane of Penn- -sylvania. His health has given way, and we are spending the winter to benefit it. [-] At this time, when the fate of the Mormons seems to hang by a thread, I think I do you, if you are the man I take you to be, a service, by giving you my small contribution of upon this people . I suppose I am the only "Gentile" woman of character who has been admitted freely into their homes, and to the society of the women. My experience of them ought to be worth something to you. I went to Utah with great reluctance expecting to feel myself in a sink of corruption, among a set of Pecksniffs and silly women laden with divers their dupes. I find the women modest ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B32_F8_p002.JPG) [precisely this] work up] "My criticism upon the Utah woman, a[---] her is that she is m[---]ly that quiet housewives, realising the ideal woman held up for our admiration by those writers who denounce the "strong- -minded". Better than this, I find them to be, like the model woman of Paul, "sober, just, holy, temperate - lovers of home. lovers of their own husbands." I find them with the elder women to have undergone in their terrible pilgrimage across the plains, and the sufferings of their earlier years here, a training of endurance which has fitted them to be the mothers of heroes; and in the younger women I find a simplicity of life, and a hard working, baby-tending, housewifeliness that recalls the Puritan women of old New England. I confess that I cannot un- -derstand their patience with polygamy, but I have talked privately with many of them, as well as openly with all I have met, and I have stayed for over tw in over a dozen families in various settlements; and have not found one woman who did not seem well satisfied with the "dispensation". I find them often living in the same house; childless wives fondling and caring for the children of the fruitful mother as tenderly as if they were their own, and the first born of the second wife sometimes given to the barren first wife and welcomed as a precious gift. They often speak to me of the comfort they find in sharing the labors of housekeeping and with one another, and it was of course easy for me to understand ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B32_F8_p003.JPG) the relief to a hard worked mother to have another whose interest it was to have the household prosper, share her labours. These are all women who do their own work. Few keep servants; and where they do, the mistress of the house shares their labours, and they are treated exactly like the family. All these women; patient, frugal and industrious, — just such women as the U.S. needs to carry out the republican theory under which it was established, are waiting in terrible anxiety to know their doom. Before I came here I fancied that, if the marriages now made were legalised, the women would gladly relinquish Polygamy for the future. But I think it has become a matter of religion with them, and that at present this cannot be hoped for. Let Luxury come in from the East and corrupt the habits of these people, and Polygamy will die of itself for men cannot support three or four idle, discurious women wives. But Persecution will only make them cling closer to their faith, and they will leave their homes as they left their former ones. The suffering they will undergo you men cannot imagine, but if they are forced to choose between their faith and their homes they will go out to die by thousands and the administration of Grant will be marked by the most infamous persecution that has disgraced humanity. And what good will have resulted from it? A discomfited Methodist orator will have had ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B32_F8_p004.JPG) his mortified vanity soothed, but the United States will have suffered the loss of the best class of pioneers she has ever had. There is no drunkenness, no de- -bauchery, no gambling, no tobacco chewing among these people. They think it their most acceptable service to the Lord to work, to build up settlements plant orchards and vineyards; and their one amuse- -ment seems to be what they call a "party". There they assemble at six in the evening, open the meeting by prayer, dance cotillion after cotillion with elaborate steps, and sing, Again they have trained each little village to have its choir of singers, not the young only but old men and matrons, delighting in the sweet sounds they have created. And they seem so satisfied with their homes and sing of "the fertile vales of Deseret" If you could but see the dreary desert! Wherever a rill of water finds its way through the sand and rocks there they irrigate, and plant trees and lay out streets and build; with infinite patience. Our people couldn't do it, for these are animated with the belief that they are working for God, and that He will back them up where their own efforts fail in subduing the wilderness. They see their crops devoured year after year by the grasshopper, by droughts; and their herds ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B32_F8_p005.JPG) driven off by Indians, and young men going off for wood killed by the wretches. Yet they keep on working, planting new crops, investing their labor so perseveringly that the settlement has to thrive at last where our people would have long abandoned it. Their patience with the Indians is wonderful. These disgusting creatures are suffered to wander through their streets, peep in at their windows; and are fed and their pilferings forgiven—because the Mormons think they are Israelites under a present curse—who will be restored at last; and they pity them as we would souls in pain, if we could see them wandering among us embodied in a guise as hideous as their sins they are expiating. Drive out the Mormons, and Utah will relapse into a desert . No people without a religious object in view can make life tolerable in these deserts. Our own citizens would never toil as these people do, for so little profit. Here in St George they consider themselves ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B32_F8_p006.JPG) in a sort of Paradise. It is built in a red desert, and nestles under lofty red bluffs. Rain rarely falls, and the red dust penetrates everywhere. They go fifteen miles to draw the nearest firewood, and drink from their irrigating ditches a discoloured and unwholesome water. The crops they can raise are so few in number that for three months the men are unable to find work. During the war it paid them to raise cotton, but our Southern cotton has ruined that enterprise and now St George does not support itself. It appears to me to be bad Political Econo- -my, but if Brigham Young induces his followers to invest their labor so long that at length they shall conquer their difficulties, surely the United States can only profit from the result. Drive off the Mormons and their pretty white washed villages will crumble again to clay, the unchecked sands of the desert will fill up their water channels and its hot blasts kill their fruit trees. Our ordinary settlers will never undergo what they have done. We want our forests, or our rich prairie, and must have our water. Oh, what would I not give for our delicious spring, gushing from the rock, at home! Surely no one who ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B32_F8_p007.JPG) sees this barren land can grudge it to the Mormons! They are making their co-operative cattle herds pay very well, they tell me, and boast, that (when they can get water, and let it percolate through their burnt out volcanic lands,) the soil is the richest in the world, and their crops wonderfully fine (when the grasshoppers let them alone). If it be so, surely it is the interest of the United States to let them produce as much food as they can to feed the mining population that will soon throng in. The Mormon church discourages its members from mining, deeming it an unwise investment. Let them then feed the miners. And do, Mr. Cameron, use your influence to let Utah in as a State, irrespective of Polygamy. The people is a virtuous one, far better than most of our Eastern or Western peoples, and when our civilis -ation! Comes in, with its attendant vices it may be ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B32_F8_p008.JPG) trusted in the end to introduce monogamy. That it will introduce also worse evils than polygamy, no one, who compares the state of our own population with that of Utah, will doubt. So far Utah, let alone, would, in my judgment, be far better off, than freely opened to intercourse with her sister States. But we cannot allow her to be a separate nation. Do then cease to irritate her temper with sending costly garrisons to fester among her people, and to keep her ruled by carpet-baggers. The people are hungry to be citizens of the United States! Let Utah in—drop the question of Polygamy out of sight— and I assure you the United States will have no more admirable citizens than these Mormons. I leave the matter now with you. I conceive I have done my duty in writing to you, for you are pre-eminently my representative Senator. I have the triple tie to you that it was in my home that you cemented your friendship with Grant, that we are both members of the same Presbyterian church, and have both the same Scotch blood running in our veins, which, if it is slow to forget a wrong, is equally slow to forget a friend. Always truly yours. E.D. Kane ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B32_F8_p009.JPG) three lines which I like many thousand others carelessly read as a mere political fling of three lines by which the President avenged himself for his having left un[---] corked up in Dutch Gap by his last year's in judicial proceedings St George Utah Territory Decr. 29th. 1872 Hon. Simon Cameron Dear Sir; I am the wife of your friend Thomas L. Kane of Pennsylvania: perhaps in this Mormon Country it is necessary to say his only wife! I have been in this Territory about six weeks, and my pity has been awakened for the women. I would like to serve them, and I do not know how better to do so than by saying what so far as I have yet learned is the truth. You are the proper person for me to write to for you are pre-eminently my Representative Senator, having in my own home cemented your power over Grant, having in your veins the same honest Scotch blood which will see fair play given a foe, and lastly, being a mem- -ber of the same Presbyterian Church to which I belong. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B32_F8_p010.JPG) II Honest opponents of Polygamy; those who have no base motives to serve—oppose it for the sake of the women who are its victims. I believe that I am the only "Gentile" woman of respectability who has been permitted free intercourse with the women of this Territory, and I have in the course of my slow carriage-journey through all the settlements from Salt Lake to this one close to Ari- zona—visited, or been visited by many scores of Mormon women. I assure you as a Christian woman, that so far I have found them modest quiet housewives; "discreet, chaste, keepers at home, good, obedient to their own husbands." Indeed my criticism adverse to the Utah Woman is that she is precisely that ideal Woman whom our writers praise for never stepping beyond her Sphere. Her nursery, her kitchen and dairy, her needle and her sewing machine occupy all her time. Where such a woman is religious Reason may argue in vain, She will holds to her Faith and die for it if need be . These Utah women hold ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B32_F8_p011.JPG) to Polygamy as a part of their faith. And their faith is still vigorous. The elder women have all suffered from Persecution in their earlier days, and the younger women have learned to be proud of their "Pil- -grim Mothers" and are prepared to emulate their heroic example. There is no thought among them of disputing the edict of the United States, nor is there any shadow of doubt as to their duty. If their men cannot be citi- -zens of our Country without abandoning their faith, these poor women are all prepared to quit their homes and seek elsewhere "freedom to worship God." We cannot force upon them the abandonment of [Polygamy without inflicting Persecution.] If you could see the dreary deserts outside their homes you would un- -derstand how many babies and delicate mothers will die deprived of shelter and water. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B32_F8_p012.JPG) I fancied before I came here that if the marriages already made were legalised, the women would gladly abandon Polygamy for the future. I confess I don't see any leaning that way. The question has been made one of Fidelity, as they think, to their Bible's teachings, and the unreas- -onable creatures cling to it in the same spirit that has kept them under affliction, for ages, saying, "Though He slay me yet will I trust in Him." If you could see the thousands of homes, where prayers are going up morning and evening that God will have pity upon them: if you could see how neat and orderly these homes are; how modest and kind and thrifty the housewives, and could then look at the desert out of which these homes have sprung, I am sure you would think with me that Utah would relapse into a wilderness if they were gone. Let Polygamy alone: when our Eastern artificial wants and costly ways of living destroy these people's patriarchal simplicity, Polygamy will die of itself; what they think Persecution will only strengthen its hold upon them Truly your friend E.D. Kane ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B32_F8_p013.JPG) supplying "tabernacles" to the souls who are wandering in search of them, her crown of glory is apt to contain very many jewels, and there is always a toddling child pulling at her skirts, or a nursling in her arms. They are exceedingly tender to the children, and the mothers dread the loss of home comforts for them, more than they do for themselves. It is a part of their religion to think they serve God in making their homes as comfortable as possible, and it is a matter of constant surprise to me to see how pleasant they have made them. Settlements where Women tell me coolly "This is the fifth house we have had, the In- -dians drove us out of the others" or, "We are newly settled here, the sands piled up so with the wind from the desert that we had to abandon our old house", or again "This place is new, the stream yonder is subject to overflow and in such a year washed away all our improvements." In such homes I find marks of settled prosperity and housewifely wealth that you would appreciate. They have neatly framed maps and pictures on the freshly whitewashed walls, of white curtains and tidies and covers edged with knitted lace, abundance of rag carpets, and rugs and patchwork quilts, preserves and canned fruits, herbs dried for medicinal purposes, currant and gooseberry bushes set out in their gardens. Men don't appreciate such things but we women know how dear each plant we have reared, each article we have made becomes, and how hard it is to abandon our Lares and Penates. These housewives have tried living two years in wagons, and tents, and appreciate keenly the possession of walls and floors, doors they can lock, and windows that they can close. They dread giving them up. But they dread ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B32_F8_p014.JPG) in Him." They do not debate in their minds whether they shall be satisfied They receive no comfort from the thought that their own position may be established, nor do they debate in their minds what their action shall be. Five times they have left their homes already for their to "live their religion" in freedom, and the grand-dames who remember their earliest flight forty-five years ago, still live to exhort the younger women to follow their heroic example. If they cannot practise Polygamy in Utah; they that is, if they must abandon their faith, or their homes; they are all pre- -pared to abandon their homes, and seek elsewhere "freedom to worship God". But the hardships of doing they must undergo will be frightful. Twenty one years have passed since the first pioneers set foot in these valleys, and the sufferings of the women who crossed the deserts with them, and the lonely graves of the baby dead who fell by the wayside are still unforgotten. Every night and morning in the households I have hospitality I have received, I have heard earnest prayers offered up to God to avert from them such misery again. Scarcely a household of where I have not knelt beside some mother who wept over her famine-wasted child, some young woman whose mother toiled with her on her back, pushing the hand-cart before her for thousands of miles, some crone who helped to defend her life and honour when she was in her young matron- hood from the savages who attacked her home. These women know what miseries they have to face, and do not talk lightly thoughtlessly of adventures of their future as we might who have not their memories. The elders are broken in health by their what they underwent and many of the younger ones have inherited received from terrified mothers whose nerves were overtried, before their birth. The Mormon girl marries very young and as the she is trained to believe her children a direct gift of God and to look upon herself as fillim fulfilling a proud mission in ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B32_F8_p015.JPG) Before I left Salt Lake City the President's Message was recieved. I read the allusion to Utah affairs, [as I daresay thousands did] with a slight laugh at the thought that Grant had not forgotten that he had left himself "corked up in Dutch Gap" by his in-judicial proceedings last year But if he could have known how much misery those few lines caused thousands of women I doubt if Grant would have penned them. I know him to be too tender a father and husband to be hard hearted to women and children. Men who are speculating in the mines here growl at the words that threaten more trouble in Utah trouble which may unsettle the price of mining stocks in San Francisco and London. Their dissatisfaction will be represented in Congress, and will have its weight. The unhappiness of the Mormon women But No one but myself witnesses the cloud of sorrow that dims the Christmas season in thousands these Mormon homes. My feeling has been If Washington decides that they must choose between their faith, and their country, they will not dispute the matter. They will cling to their faith. But they long to stay. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B32_F8_p016.JPG) Are the men in Congress fit to throw a stone at them? Shall their votes decide to blacken the hearth-fires of so many thousand quiet homes— to leave Utah to the mining population, and the soldier garrison, and the women who are their associates—in the interest of Virtue! Let them leave Polygamy to prove itself what it is. Surely the Truth does not need the aid of Persecution to conquer Error. Let us, women of the East show how much better Monogamy is by our example, and let our husbands sons and brothers prove by theirs how much purer their lives are than those of the Mormons. I am not afraid of the result. Are you? ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B32_F8_p017.JPG) I have in the course of my slow carriage journey "through the Territory, from Salt Lake City to this settlement on the Arizona border—visited, or been visited by scores of Mormon wives. You may well be surprised that I speak of them as I do. "Yes! These very women whom we have been trained to look upon as unfit to associate with us, I find to be modest thrifty housewives, "discreet, chaste, keepers at home, good, obedient to their own husbands." The criticism I have to make adverse to them is that they represent precisely that ideal Woman whom our writers praise for not stepping beyond her Sphere. Her nursery, her kitchen and dairy, her needle and her sewing machine occupy all her time. Her husband is the priest of her family, and she "learns in silence with all subjection" what he teaches, and stands prepared to die for it if need be. She does not argue, and St. Paul himself could find no flaw in the way she lives up to his precepts for the government of the female members of Timothy's flock. I fancied before I came here that if the mar- -riages already made were legalised, the women would gladly abandon Polygamy for the future. I am obliged to confess ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B32_F8_p018.JPG) that, so far, I detect no leaning that way. The question presents itself to them simply as one of Fidelity or the con- -trary to their Bible's teachings. They adhere to it in the same spirit that has kept our sex for ages crying under affliction "Though He slay me, yet will I trust in Him." They drive derive no comfort from my suggestion that their own social position will be legally secured, nor can I bring them to admit that there is any course open to them but one. They must go where they "can live their religion". If Washington decides that they must choose between their faith and their country, they will not dispute the matter. They will cling to their faith.—But they long to stay. The pretty cottages they own now are especially dear to them because they have known what it was to live in tents and wagons without door or wall, win- -dow or floor. We women feel a real affection for our handiwork, and can understand how they appre- <-ciate> ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B32_F8_p019.JPG) -ciate the housewife's wealth with which they have at last surrounded themselves; the rag carpets and rugs the white curtains and covers, spreads and pillow cases edged with finely knitted lace; the preserves and canned fruits in their closets, the herbs and the currant and goose- -berry bushes they have planted in their gardens. They dread leaving these home-comforts, but they dread much more encountering what they or their mothers have already undergone. They dread their baby's perishing in the desert when they know that the food was that was once so near at hand would save the darling life. They dread the Indians whose horrid presence kept them sleepless in spite of fatigue, and the hard journeys that brought their children into the world before their time. Such earnestness this lends to their prayers: so close it makes them cling to God whose overruling power can save them if He will! Every night and morning since I left Salt Lake City; in log-hut or adobe "villa" ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B32_F8_p020.JPG) —wherever I have chanced to rest—I have heard Him implored to soften the hearts of their Rulers, and incline them to "let this people alone". In every family circle the women who knelt have known by personal experience something of the suffering they may have to undergo encounter again. The President's Message reached Salt Lake City previous to my departure. From what I know of Grant's tenderness to his own wife and children, I am sure that the last thought in his mind when he wrote the paragraph relating to Utah, was that its only serious effect would be to alarm the women and children of the Territory. I think they intended to make this Christmas week a season of especial rejoicing and festivity. A more un- certain anxious set of helpless persons it has never been my lot to meet. The simple creatures know nothing of Politics. To them the whole thing means "another drive". ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B32_F8_p021.JPG) January 1, 1873 My dear Senator Cameron: I enclose you at my husband's request a copy of an Extract from a letter written by me to my sister Mrs Bell of Wakefield in Yorkshire, England. As you might conjecture from the date, he intends it to be[] of his old friends the Mormons. You will observe that I speak only for the women. I suppose I am in Society parlance the only lady who has been suffered to associate on terms of intimacy with the Mormons' women wives and daughters. General Kane's health has greatly bene- -fited by the journey. If I can summon up resolution enough we propose to reach California by way of Arizona—Navojoes and Apaches permitting! I often think how you and my old friend Mr. Blair would enjoy the real wilderness through which we have travelled. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B32_F9_p001.jpg) St George, Christmas Day! So here we are at last in our home for the winter. I wish I felt less homesick and dismal. Our trunks have not yet arrived and I cannot surround myself with the familiar books and work which will enliven our new quarters with their souvenirs of K. Summit; nor can I give the children the little presents I have brought for their Christmas gifts. The ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B32_F9_p002.jpg) St George Christmas Day 1872. I wonder how we shall get through the days here! Our trunks have not arrived; and the Mormon books on the table in our parlour are not enticing; Parley Pratt's Voice of Warning, the Harp of Zion, and three or four handsomely bound copies of the Book of Mormon in as many languages, all presented to our host by the Translators. We are in the largest house in the place. Last night when we arrived, I supposed it was a Hotel, but it is a private house belonging to the "Pres- -ident of the Stake". We have very comfortable rooms on the first floor, large and lofty. On one side the windows look out over a vineyard in which there stands a small adobe house belonging to our host towards the mountains through which the Rio Virgen pierces after receiving the waters of the Clara. The different houses ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B32_F9_p003.jpg) he is talking about. I must expect to see little of my husband, as long as he can enjoy the society of these new pets. Except when with K. they hang about the Co-operative Store, round the corner. The grave and dignified bearing of the Navajoes, however, contrasts forci- favorably with the slouching walk of the dirty Pi-edes. Decr. 31st. We reached ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B32_F9_p004.jpg) her respects to me! We are invited to dine at Mrs Lucy Young's today, but have declined. December 30th. Our travelling party have all suffered from the sudden change of climate, and the boys are still laboring under severe colds.] This afternoon K. and I strolled [through the up- -per part of the settlement.] Clouds trailing low over- head now and then gave us a little shower, [but the warm moist air made us feel it as little as we would at home in May or June.] The "streets" <[--] STG> are wide lanes, the side-paths are overhung with trees, water flows in beside them gurgles along the edges of the side paths, which are overhung with trees; vineyards and fruit orchards surround the houses, and there are so many blackbirds about that Evan said "the cottonwoods seem to have budded out in blackbirds." The people are very friendly, and when I go out ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B32_F9_p005.jpg) with the boys I meet endless salutations and the women come to their doors to say a pleasant word or two, or to invite us in. There are Indians strolling about here as in the other Mormon settlements. Besides the Piedes of the Santa Clara who belong hereabouts, there came in a party of Navajoes yesterday from Arizona, brought by the interpreter, Jacob Hamblin. - [He says that they have some religious notion that has im- -pelled them to seek intercourse with the Mormons. Then Navajoes have brought 200lb weight of blankets to trade, and are delighted with their bargains. The leader of the party has purchased some cotton cloth, a hat, a pair of pantaloons, some ammunition and a young gray mare 3 or 4 years old. Besides, he has received $10. in money—silver coin, which is the currency in St George. All day long the ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B32_F9_p006.jpg) _ a East won man who knows what he is calling about ([-] I [---]t expect to warfare and [---] [---] gun of my husbands' society entirely whole there new pets are with him. Caught Mom not [---] they [---] about ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B32_F9_p007.jpg) Indians have been hanging about the "Co-operative" Store, just round the corner, the grave and dignified bearing of the Navajoes, contrasting favorably with the slouching walk of the dirty Pi-edes. The Nava- joes The leader came a little while ago to see K. Hamblin the interpreter accompanied him. Hamblin could not talk Navajo, but both he and the chief could talk the Moquis dialect, and they had brought a stalwart young Indian who expected to act as Interpreter in case K. should wish to converse in what they called "castilian". It was however such a broken patois of Mexican "greaser" language mixed with Navajo, that K. could scarcely understand it, nor could the Indians understand K's Madrid Spanish. The old man, whose name is Ah-hilska, said that he was not the chief, he was only leader of this party for the time. <[---] or Head> The Chief had married two of his daughters ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B32_F9_p008.jpg) however. His name was "Como ese", and he explained with some pride that it was a Spanish title. I laughed at his thinking there was any grandeur in being called "How's that?" but Evan reminded me that we have considerable pride in our ancestor who bore an In- -dian title, though I believe it signifies only "Ancient his legs"! Neither of the Navajoes were painted, and the stalwart young man was very lightly clad. He was a handsome fellow and showed a fine range of teeth when he laughed at his own failure to understand K. Ah-hilska wore a very dirty old rag, turban-wise, over his gray hair and his general appearance, as Willie suggested was like that of a half-unrolled mummy. But his countenance was very expressive, and his gestures grace- -ful, and there was a gentle dignity in his manner as he sat awaiting the translation of his speech that impressed me. He reminded me of some old French ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B32_F9_p009.jpg) lady who has seen better days, and is now obliged to keep a boarding house, and manifests more interest than she feels in the conversation of her vulgar boarders. Still, Ah-hilska was very dirty! K. wants me to be interested in the Indians, and was quite hurt for them, because I had given them hard wooden chairs to sit on instead of inviting them to seat them- -selves on the parlor sofa which is the boys' nightly couch. Ugh! December 31st. We reached St George not a day too soon. The Mormons believe it is owing to their prayers that we escaped the storm which threatened us all the way down They look upon all the strange atmospheric disturbances of the last year or two as tokens from the Lord, given to warn the world that these are the Latter Days. One of the "sisters" here asked me whether it had never occurred to me that the Lord was vexed with us for analysing His ways, as He was ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B32_F9_p010.jpg) vexed with David for numbering the Israelites. She was alluding to the work of "Old Probabilities". How amused he would be if he thought he was being furnished with an extra supply of storms gentle showers is fearful in the East. No such snowstorm known for twenty years in New York. Business men dwelling in the country could not go home, nor could many who lived uptown leave their offices: in Boston 10.000 extra people stayed in town overnight. Here in St George the warm soft rain has soaked through the dust of many months; (they have had no rain since August,) the "sects" (corruption of "acequias" as they call the water chan- -nels that irrigate the fields, and supply the town) are full, the red bluffs North of us are deeper in colour, ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B32_F9_p011.jpg) & and there is a subdued green tint over the vegetation, brown and dull as it still is, that tells how welcome the rain has been. As soon as a few hours sun- -shine has fallen upon the earth, the people here will begin to <"make garden"> plough and plant. How great a blesssing the telegraph is! The office here is in the room corresponding to our parlor, but across the hall; and every evening the news is tele- -graphed as it reaches Salt Lake City for the morning papers. The long slips are brought to us, and as I read aloud what happened in New York this very day, I forget that I am on the border of Arizona among these strange people, Mormon and Indian, so many thousand miles from dear H. and E. God bless them both! I learn this afternoon that one of the four horses that the Navajoes bought was choked in the stable accidentally last night. They are going ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B32_F9_p012.jpg) 11 away tomorrow. A little while ago I was standing at the window, watching some boys riding wild ponies at a run up and down the street. President Young's gig was in front of the house, and he and K. stood at the top of the steps consulting about the weather. He wore his great green mantle with silver clasps Just then Ah-hilska appeared with Hamblin, coming to bid K. goodbye. Hamblin said something to him, evidently informing him who Pres- ident Young was. The old man's wrinkled face lighted up with unfeigned delight, and he fairly clasped Brigham Young's bulky form in his weird embrace. The latter wore his great mantle of green cloth with silver clasps, and had a not undig- -nified presence, as he smilingly submitted to the hug. The boys heard from Mrs Musser that years ago she had visited a cave somewhere near here, and after some exploring they found it, and took us up there. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B32_F9_p013.jpg) yesterday. The bluffs under which the town lies are of a fine grained sandstone, looking not unlike the substance of red flower pots, and the same stone dis- -integrated, forms the soil of the Virgin valley below us. We climbed about 400 feet to the foot of a castella- -ted red rock called the Suger Loaf, but shaped much more like a loaf of bread. On our way we were accosted followed and accosted by one of "Nature's noblemen" whose beauty was heightened by a flush of vermilion streaked with black. on h A lad of fifteen or so followed him, whom he said was "no count" but intimated that he, <"Hariscowic"> had been watching all day for K. who had got rid of him the day before by promising him a "quarter" the next time they met. The children fell into ecstasies of laughter when the ill-looking fellow walked along beside us, as they repeated Punch's joke—"This is a werry lonely place for a quiet gent." To prolong their amusement ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B32_F9_p014.jpg) K. halted and spoke gibberish with a perfectly grave face to the Indian, who soon exhausted his few English words in reply. When the boys were tired of laughing, their father explained that our follower must wait our return, and we saw him <(We passed the hut house on the main street where I was still gra[--] - when Har[--]cowitz other Pie di[-] was at> go off to one of the houses near the foot of the hill, where he fell to work chopping wood. We heard the strokes of his axe in the quiet air, as we went upward. We climbed some 400 feet to the foot of a castellated red rock, called the Sugar Loaf; an inge- -nious misnomer, for it is far more like a loaf of bread. Here there was a very fine view over the plain St George Valley, and the town looked very peaceful - and helpless - below us. Then our little cicerones led us behind the cliff, and in and out through red rock walls of fine grained sandstone full of holes like great air-bubbles, in which the children promised themselves the pleasure of playing housekeeping, until ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B32_F9_p015.jpg) they turned an angle and brought us into a large and lofty cave. Here we tried the echoes, and then, having explored the cave and ascertained that there was but one exit, and that four Indians were approaching us, we concluded to go home. K. took us towards them, upon which they halted, and as Willie said "lifted their blankets like geese going to fly", dropped one by one over the rock, and vanished. K. walked down the hill behind us. I glanced back and saw that he carried his revolver in his right hand instead of the peaceful umbrella which, en père de famille, he had carried up the hill. I think he meant me to enjoy the flavor of an adventure and that we were in no danger whatever! Jan. 1. 1873. Jacob Hamblin spent the evening with us I asked him about the Indians, and he said, "You were perfectly safe, but it wouldn't be wise to tempt the Piedes with letting the children be alone up there ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B32_F9_p016.jpg) towards sunset. Not that I think the Indians worse than whites; rather better: but would you think of letting little well-dressed children stray alone on the outskirts of a town at home, ? alone? ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B32_F9_p017.jpg) she's living, but most likely she got peevish and sickly at that age with the change from white ways. Then they'd get tired of her." The pause was as significant as if he had said plainly, "They'd kill her." Hamblin had been a missionary among the Indians of Southern Utah, and seems as much preju- -diced in their favour as old Dimick Huntingdon is in favor of the Shoshone's. His "fort" as he called it was the only white settlement in this part of the country when K. passed through in 1858. The "Clara" Indians had the reputation of being the worst in Utah when Hamblin was sent down by Brigham Young to evangelise them. This was in 1855. I (I was secretly taking notes of what Hamblin was saying to K. when he disconcerted me by turning round quietly to me and remarking, "I'll be careful to tell nothing, I can't prove up." After that, I emerged from behind the big Atlas, and openly ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B32_F9_p018.jpg) wrote his narrative down as nearly word for word as I could follow his speech.) "President Young bade me go among the Indians on the Clara, and tell them to cease to shed the blood of white men, or any men on the earth; and I was to show them how to get themselves a living and not be under the necessity of depending on game. I built me a small log-cabin within a mile of thirty or forty of their lodges. That season I left my camp for weeks at a time, with my gun and blankets and ammunition unprotected, only tying up the kind of latch I had to my door, with a bit of string. The Indians is as honorable as a white man, leastwise in their capacity. Not a thing was touched. Well, I taught them morality, and showed up the low mean savage cruelty they practised in former years. I bid them cease that. They all fell ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B32_F9_p019.jpg) in with the idee of my — (what's the word, I've been so much with the Indians that I 'most forget good English!—) my instructions, that's it. All of the Clara Indians, or Yanowants, agreed to cease the shedding of blood of emigrants and go to cultivating. So they did, and all of them held to it for more'n three years, though now they've been doing some pilfering. What I can speak for, is the time I had charge of them." "Well, Mr. Hamblin, I said, you have been among "the Apaches in Arizona. You can't say anything for them, I'm sure!" "Oh yes, I've friends among the Apaches. I wouldn't be afraid to go among them any day, or to take you", addressing K., "providing you'd go un- -armed, just you and me alone. You'd ought to go over on the Kybab Mountain, that means "Mountain that lies"; its a sort of natural plateau, covered with ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B32_F9_p020.jpg) about fifty miles of forest, the prettiest kind of pine trees. The mountains round here are all kind of blowed up." (I suppose he meant volcano- -blasted.) I exclaimed that I could not be willing to have K. go among them, armed or unarmed, and he said replied laughingly that K. had gone all through their country unharmed, in '58, without my objecting, though then the Mormon outposts had been withdrawn, and there were no white men left. "I told him that I had no idea of the dangers of the journey then, but that I had, now." Well, he said to K. there's some of those Indians on the Muddy that chased you, livin' yet, and now they'd like to come and see you, friendly. There's Muddy Harry Rufus Allen and Beaver Dam Thomas particularly." I had been reading about the Oatman massacre ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B32_F9_p021.jpg) and said to Hamblin, that I wondered he could talk of its being safe to go among the Apaches un- -armed, after the massacre of the harmless Oatman family, and others. But he maintained that the Apaches were excusable! That they were only carrying out the law of retaliation, which was all they knew, and that the Gospel of Peace had not been taught them. "In 1842" he said, "a man named Johnson came among them with eighteen men. He said he had come from the East to make a treaty of peace with them. They was glad in their hearts, for they know'd the United States was superior to Mexico, and they thought ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B32_F9_p022.jpg) B.Y. and Mrs Amelia inaugurated our new mess by dining with us today at the little round table in our parlour. Hitherto we have eaten at in the long dining room with all our travelling company, and the delicacies that were intended to last us a long time—the Eastern cheese and Western hams, the French mustard, Jersey cranberries and currant jelly, vanished like "snow before the omnivorous teamsters. Yet they were very nice decent young men, and "Brother "James", a handsome son of Wilford Woodruff's, could lead in prayer, or say grace wonderfully well. I think K. will be wickedly rejoiced to be alone in our own family circle, because they always waited prayers for us, and as I insisted on having our own Family Worship besides, he complained jestingly that he was "getting doited wi' gudeness." We have carried off with us the liveliest ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B32_F9_p023.jpg) [-] we claimed the right to select one from among them an old friend to be our standing messmate an old friend of my husbands whom none of our invited guests will not be willing <(on the lake)> to meet. a remarkable character of whom ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B32_F9_p024.jpg) of our messmates, Brother Staines, but there are several whom I shall miss, particularly my Welsh friend Sister Ellen. Jane Mr. Staines acts as our steward, and our New Year's feast was so abundant that it covered our round table and overflowed on to the adjoining writing table; roast beef, roast duck and stewed chicken succeeding the soup, with potatoes, peas and beans for vegetables, cranberry sauce and mince pie for dessert. The potatoes came from Belleview: they do not grow well here, the climate being too warm for them, or for apples. In the evening Mrs A(melia) amused me by a Mormon version of the old nursery rhyme, making it run, "My mother's my mother all the days of my life. But my father's my father only till he gets a new wife." She has been baptised several times, once for the ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B32_F9_p025.jpg) Our visit to the bench yesterday was to exam- -ine its capabilities as a site, but though it would have been a magnificent one, the want of water decided against it. Baptisms must be administered in the temple. I believe they have decided upon building at the head of this street, where there is a sort of terrace below the Sugar Loaf Bluff. They call the place Mt. Hope, but it would be more aptly christened Mt. Horror , I think. ¶ Our friends the Pi-edes are peculiar in their notions of gallantry. They never divorce their squaws, for the simple reason that they have no marriage ceremony whatever, keeping a squaw only while it suits them to do so, and then giving them her away. When a young girl among them reaches womanhood, those who want her, fight for her. Mount Hope was the scene of such a fight two or three years ago. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B32_F9_p026.jpg) Jan 13. K. interrupting Bp Erast. Snow—you need not apologise for your length upon any particulars relating to your Joseph Smith. My estimate of his character is this day nearly as incomplete as it was when I visited you last She turning to Mrs S. No 1. Artemisia Here insert Mrs A S's story. Beman lived in Livonia Livingston Co. was employed He hid the plates under the hearth of his house and kindled a fire over: but they are not there now. O.C. & J.S. cave Sword of Laban—until the reign of righteousness Dream ship Zion. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B32_F9_p027.jpg) L. Y. St George U.T. Jan 14/73 I was at Tocquer—Brother Nebeker with whom I stayed invited in a young Indian who has been teaming for him about two years, he is not a moquis nor a navajo: I called him a Pi-ede: but he is of one of the western tribes. Br. Nebeker called him in that I might hear him talk as he could speak a little English. The Indian said that a long—long—drawn out very much time ago, many moons his fathers worshipped the Great Spirit, and had had prophets, and now had a prophet their successor. He proph -esies that an earthquake is coming which will swallow up Tocquer St George and all about here, and Indians have come to bid him return to his people. I said "You may safely remain here, I do not think you are in any danger." He said "I will return to work with Nebeker if you are not all swallowed up, but I must go away now because of the earthquake. Compare this with bruit among Navajoes & Moquis. A Liv[--] with that shall endure When all that seems shall suffer shock Rise in the Spiritual Rock Flow through our deeds & make them pure. That we may lift from out the dust A voice above the conquered years A voice as unto Him that hears To one that with us works, and trust with knowledge born of self control The truths that never can be proved Until we rise with all we loved And all we flow from soul in soul ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B32_F9_p028.jpg) Though Nature red in tooth & claw With Ravine shrieked against the creed deed Who trusted love was law in deed law And love Creation's final law ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B32_F9_p029.jpg) Jan 14/73 Coming from a dinner party last night where as usual they wound up with family prayers, Evan spoke to me of the feeling it gave him to hear Harry and Elisha prayed for in this wilderness, "Mamma, isn't it strange? He seemed to know just what would be good for us. Even Cousin Sam didn't think of more things!" I thought you he would be pleased by the little fellow's remembering your prayers with pleasure after so many months. Tom thinks of returning home through Arizona, but I am afraid of the Indians, and do not relish the idea of camping out where one dares not stray five yards from camp without risking their scalp. The Mormons have no settlements further South than Kanab in Kane County (where we go when the next moon is three days old or so,) and our military posts are a long way South. We would have to cross both the Apache and Mojave Indian countries, and I don't feel adventu- ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B32_F9_p030.jpg) -rous. As B.Y. said last night when Tom proposed walking home without overshoes. "For a man to neglect ordinary precautions regarding his health that he can perfectly well take him- -self, and then to ask God to take care of him is like an insult to the Lord's common sense." ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B32_F9_p031.jpg) Augustus P. Hardy Col. Missionary, Ind. interpreter. Jan 21/73 Mr. Hardy is Bishop of the Pi-ede Ward: that is, he is to settle and arrange all Indian matters. Last summer was freighting & heard on road, through Utes camped on Spanish Fork. that there was an excitement among Indians regarding a prophet, (chief was Tabby-weep-up—Antero was in charge of the band—the same that visited Nephi) and on my arrival here found the Indians from the Buckskin or Kah- a-bow-itsch-from the Muddy & from the Shebitz country gathered here—all Pi-edes but different bands. Both Col: Pearce and I were away and no one else understood their language. Owing to the want of grass they turned their horses into our fields and our people not understanding them supposed it a warlike demon- stration and there was trouble and two Indians were seriously wounded one so much that he died soon after—a shebitz and several taken prisoners—we settled for his death—we & they were prepared for war—I—pay wife—died— horse pair blankets & gun—and presents to children of clothing etc five days with them every day— I learned that a prophet had arisen in a little valley Si-ee Valley in White Pine District about 70 miles from Ham- -ilton west of Gt. American Desert near what is known as Mormon Cave—say 70 miles due North of Pioche— He was of the Pah-ran-a-gatz-diggers speaking Pi-ede language ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B32_F9_p032.jpg) This prophet sent a call out to all of the Pi-ede nation and to all others who wished to hear him that he had received a visit from an angel who had told him of his ancestry that in a short time the earth would be destroyed and all that were wicked. He had received that this angel who had spoken to him said he was the same angel who appeared to a man some years since and had given him a book which told of their ancestors and gave a history of their nation. The prophet exhorted all who might hear him to listen to the good instruction's of good men and to refrain from shedding blood and stealing for the Great Spirit had told him that He would destroy the earth, and all those who do wickedly, and wished all of his people to gather together to dance and sing for joy for the day was soon—or 'twould be but a little time before they would become a less degraded and better people. That the Great Spirit loved them and would do them good if they would let Him. They then made inquiries of me in regard to this book which had been given by the angel, and expressed a desire to learn more about it. They gathered at S. George as a central point in obedience to runners coming from him. He also bade them send a delegation from each camp to meet him—for he did not come to S.G., to listen to what he had to tell them, that they might return and tell it to their ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS3_B32_F9_p033.jpg) tribes. They went, and returned with the words I have given and the assembly dispersed. They come in oftener, and the Shebitz are doing better than they ever did before. They were a very degraded thieving set. The prophet keeps a-giving his prophecies and sending his word out. Has he ever been converted? Oh no, he is in one of the worst places ever to be con- -verted. I should say it is one of the roughest places on the continent. What he says is as simple as Nature can make it. Has there been any general movement lately, like the young Indian at Tocquer? Haven't heard. They are all absent now on a grand rabbit hunt, assembling all the camps together. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B32_F10_p001.jpg) Mr Jacob Hamblin Jan 2. 1873 St. Ives in 1858 March- Hamblin was watching him with 3 men and two Indians Pai-Utes. I was expected up North to know what was going on: so I went on to the Vegas and come along that way. He was scared, and gave up trying to penetrate in that direction: gave out all his presents. Might have got into S. Utah by this pass. I was set on the track of it and hunted it up that summer. That was a lie about that letter I never touched it Note by EDK. Think St. I. was very candid. Hamblin says those redheaded Moquis are Albinos, a freak of nature not a difference of blood. Ah-hilska's idea in coming here. They i[-] all these Indians pretend that their forefathers said a white people would come– and be one with them, and now we want to be children of the great man * I am speakin' now of Navajoes - didn't you see him put his arms round you and me– said as I understood that Sunfather wanted him to come and see us- same time wanted cavallos to ride back: signified that the Oraybes and I had long been at peace now he and I and you was to * I don't know that this is general. I only know what he said then. Change within 2 yrs in Indian Char: when with Powell's party a L[--]i runner came had travelled night and day, asked for Mormone Mormon[-]. Came up to me laid his fingers – here crossed forefingers above heart K says symbol of sacred heart – invited us to come to his people to be friends – My reason for change wd. surprise you. Our citizens who begun new settlements had horses stolen Pres: Young sent me telegram ([-] yrs ago- last fall that big party went & failed) next yr. I want you to go make friendly relationship went to Ft Defiance had council with 29 out of 30 chiefs told my business relig: was inquired into touched upon after council was over in course ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B32_F10_p002.jpg) told 'em was ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B32_F10_p003.jpg) told em was all one Gov. dif. relig. points Gathered after me ask what dif. Told. Well we like that they endorsed it then we went on to Moquis villages there they sent for all the sub. Chiefs the two that had been away: theres where talk took place that led to this change. this was at old Moquis town - name like Wallapais – One chief declared you are the people we've been lookin' for. didn't say nothin' about his forefathers & now hear what I say and repeat it to your people when you get home I answered Ive come to hear it We've got a father at Ft Defi: to teach agriculture, a bread- -father: we take you to be our sun-father – a father of peace. from this time forth we want to acknowledge one parent _ let us, let us,* and sit by one fire eat at one table smoke one cigarrite and cover with one blanket: that is all we could do – that is all there is for a Navajo: meaning that was all they had – This was the Navajoes. They haven't any houses only temporary lodges. They farm a patch and keep their flocks in some other di[-]stricts till their crop is raised what there is. *Let us teach this to our children that they may do the same" Chief's name Genah-da - Cat Gonaive mucho – that's Spanish for "much of a band of horses"– then he says to me Be sure not to mind to make a fire as large and as conspicuous as you want to in our country and sleep by it, and if you lose your horses we'll find them And this has happened twice. We lost a horse so couldn't find it and one Indian chief brought it in, and was ever so much pleased. Wouldn't take anything for it oh no gesture of disgust & averted head insisted on following me half a mile and insisted on putting blanket on the horse. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B32_F10_p004.jpg) George A. was killed in 1860 J. H. has thirteen children to home 3 or 4 married. Has lived in Kanab 18 months —I was there myself keeping outpost 18 months before that— ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B32_F10_p005.jpg) He (this chief) brought me a man and wanted me to look on him so that I could recognise him. He told his name was Has-teel-ee- and made me pronounce it, write it & then pronounce it again. He said this man lived near my trail and if I wanted anything done out that way and arranged it with him it should be done. That was at the beginning of this change three years ago: some individual stole 4 horses since but the chiefs whipped him and sent the horses back. They have kept their treaty The Indians North of the Rim or waters running North one called Pah Piedes, those this way Pah-Utes – Parooshets – muddy water-ites – men of the Rio Virgin Mowapatz spirit-ites-father of the Lord, he come & put his son on earth - they was so wicked he wouldn't let him stay took him home and cursed these Indians & drove 'em different cursed the land & made it produce prickly pear – etc- Indian round here on the Clara are Tonyquints Clear Creek-ites. The first time at the crossing of the Colorado in I had 4 Moquis along and I seen by their talk among themselves that they was meaning to turn back: well it did look pretty bad: but we wanted to be on good terms with them so while they was talkin I sent the blankets across. When he seen it one cried: then the chief he sent consecrated the water same as the old Gov. did only he didn't ask me to help- 'cause he had help to 6 If B. Y. sends that large party he talks on things likely have trouble. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B32_F10_p006.jpg) [-] As soon as they were over they got off their horses, fell on their knees and thanked the Lord "Qua Qua Oh-h-h-ma!" Those were the first Moquis that had ever crossed over within the knowledge of the oldest settler. There's half an acre of their old pottery over here on the Clara— the Moquis say they tried to live here and did but there was too much fightin. I took an old Moquis to a cache he dug into near Kanab in breaking up the ground I [-]n the plow into it water jugs and sarsepans some were whole He says Our folks was here once — and away back to Salt Lake but became very wicked wouldn't listen to the Lord nor thank Him & 3 prophets Come among them & cursed 'em and they died all off, and they scattered among the ruts- and they Pai Utes pursued them, and some got to the river /Colorado/ and the 3 prophets appeared among 'em and took 'em over to build their houses and told 'em never to cross the river till they seen them again and when the housen fell down and they was very poor & miserable they would come again. The crossing they took 'em over was my old crossing 50 miles above the Paria mouth — says Pai Utes say they Moquis made these things — instances places where Moquis towns and pieces of pottery I seen myself the sign. Sign? Yes where vertical sandstone cleft would find hole cut for insertion of rung, and groove opposite - cave above where family had lived 30 or 40 feet up. The old Moqui said he only knew from tradition but when I went up the Potato creek river then I found them- ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B32_F10_p007.jpg) On almost all the springs on the Kibab (Lying) [-]t you will find their traces some on the Little Colorado some near San Francisco Peaks— some near mouth of San Juan— Places in caves where you find old sheep manure covered up with caves when I saw some of their houses – the Oraybes 3 yrs ago- with their streets all dirty and fallen down I said Why don't you whitewash like you used waiting for the 3 prophets- we want them to fall down. Said why don't you come to settle among us and leave this to the Navajoes— Said they would come some time to the running water "mahomoppy—so some come to meet us there last year— and now the President he's planning it— They took the boys down and showed 'em. There says they when you come there we'll help you make a city. Light coloured? Only because they live more in their houses, less exposed to wind etc Wash — oh yes all over- soap their heads with soap root and washed suds all over it- come a rain stream out of town by dozens in the cold north wind to wash in the pools Have teachers go round with a pan earthen dish all kinds of food in it- separated by feathers — and they're all fixed off hieroglyphics on white pants if can get if not on skin. Enter house throw out pinch of meal— or dried peach <& talked about blessings of [--] respectry the house —> etc for five minutes or so then go to another. When they came to house where I was wanted me to take off [---] ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B32_F10_p008.jpg) imploring Gt. Spirit to pity or respect that family –at certain time of the moon. Wedding suit blanket— and a garment reaching from shoulder to knee and sash– wear it on wedding and retire with it on : it is then rolled away in a scroll like old fashioned window blinds like with little slats — and is hung up in room of that couple till they die and then are buried in it. Powell offered a splendid horse for one through me but they was offended and when I spoke a second time give me to understand they didn't want to hear no more of it. All white but women's has a few blue threads on edge Then they have another a very white blanket and if they've planted corn and the rain don't come the women put it on and go bending eyes shading facing east till great sunfather takes pity. I believe their feeling has something to do with it They'll work & talk and pray and at last they begin to be pleased and say they think it'll come such a day and their most seldom disappointed Inst[-]ne New Year's Day — snowstorm such a day — idols in room — honey – blow out kind of clean out his mouth tobacco- sweet corn cakes best they can get out –work at that– snow next day– might as well stay work agst that wh. faith strongest – festival going on but some remained working to bring it – snow began at ten lasted till it come knee deep- born [-]ived up under rock — ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B32_F10_p009.jpg) Gov. of one petty town 700 or so Medicine Belt Rise of S[-]re - Moquis - do no hurt for him to worship after the Oribe worship Gov. & his wife he travelled with me Pan-a-shank chief of the Navajo band who interfered to protect the party under J. [-]HD and I called our few together hid kneel and take off his hat when he asked a blessing forefathers told never to cross — He wanted to consecrate our crossing to great spir: because he had worshipped with us Geo A. was in his 20th year Consecrate by throwing a pinch of meal in the air <1> saying some solemn words- on land <3> - and on water <2>— made me put out right hand wouldn't take left - he knelt toward ris. sun - put out right hand - understood asked sunfather to pity us crossing this dangerous stream neither they nor women, nor horses nor Mormons might be hurt– river on left running West faced sunrise.— wanted me to help him worship because the Lord was pleased to have all men friends – he thought so and what was my opinion Eh-ta-toweet what do you think he was very serious - asked if he wd bring down the young men. "Oribe" one of the Moquis names— we are called Mormons- they say "Hopee" that in moquis for our folks of the 22 towns but if one is bad they say he is Kah - opee not one of our folks – if a young women suffers herself to be disgraced they cut her hair off and won't let her attend the feasts until it grows long and then only according to her conduct. They wear their hair knotted up in a peculiar way and she Rowell he tried his best to get wood -at one town they was having a religious ceremony - I sat up till 12 then they waked [-] him. In the morning he tried to make them understand but had to wake me ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B32_F10_p010.jpg) J. Hamlin EDW.'s ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B32_F11_p001.jpg) Covenant~ Mary Kanosh's civilised wife from Spanish Fork her story— Marriage & courtship among the Snakes— chickens— Met him first at Kirtland in Ohio in 36— Fulton—Watertown Jeff. Co: N. Y. lived in Burrville – taken very sick — For 3 mos Is yr. wife alive. bewitched—oOver falls secret prayer my fathers house– all – Old man Dutches faithful man — said — news come that Mrs Fulton was healed— going to meeting –preached on gifts — greatr I'll watch Mrs F. see if she don't wilt going up that steep hill no sang I am happy soul & body – and if I won't a whipped boy soul & body— and He says I - Lord this is your work, says I. – Joseph's revelation – my two sisters abominable poor. I own- When they brought out her Snakes & k n[-]s They told them they wd have any land ––- [-]o Ra[--]ds [---] got to Martrore meddle of afternoon Chiefs & counsellors lets go out – 10-12 miles extray and game at the time in sight, they [---] I o wa saw Beautiful. Creek Sugar Creek Beautiful J. O. wa[-]h This is the Land Mas-sas see po — Parent of Waters. Sign first here below Salt Lake House place to go to far lands ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B32_F11_p002.jpg) Bro: Kane how it makes me feel. The Lord God & one true man is bigger than a Host Speaking of the Pres: Men: he says that the fullness of the Time has come and the Gentiles reject the Gospel. Babylon must fall and the Gospel will turn to the Jews. In Far West in 1836, 4th of July. Jos: said Dimmick get a tree let's show these Missourian how to celebrate the 4th Got an oak 72 ft long – had a celebration — about one hour after we got through lightning struck that pole and shivered it all into pieces. Went to Jos.: & woke him for he was tired out, opened his eyes & stretched out his left hand ~ I had my trials but I've got beyond them - no temptation comes to me to troubled. [---]ly P [-]. 4th of July Lits show then Missouirans how to keep the 4th Got an Oak 42 feet walked a cr[--]k and p[---] a stock and & [---] & three streamers and the H[--]. And has [---] and so forth. And the Missourians gatherd round Never before had seen such a celebration " verily thus sa[-]th the Lord: by that h[--] is sh[---] so shall be thir [-]at[--]n" Then he walked on spl[---]rs As I walk over there splinters as will I walk if [-] and there his [---] ¶ "now look at it,' 10 years as intimate as my [---] - with him night & day a step with him. and he was always the same. nothing I ever asked him he could not a[---]r. always full of teaching & prophesy. Thats the way I came to have so much made clear to me. [---] F[--]day Aint it all of a piece? Don't it hold I am going to b[--]g my [---]ter - She a Lady. / one of J. S' wives - Zina Caldwell Co: Pitman – King of Adams Co: when King & Pitman <(two sheriffs)> were after him We ran - no sleep tonight on my feet for 21. days I [---] after him. 18 [---]au [---] Hostimg . man [---]ed He on the north side of me Face shone as if he was dead <"shaked & choked && &c.> then he said seed dealy: Demmick will you be true to me? The Lord has given me commandment to - - - and oh! – it seems as if it wd. kill me [---] Joseph, "I [--]t my [---] keeper" The Lord has and - It seems as yet wd. kill me Says I [--]'ll be true to you to death and I was true to Death ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B32_F11_p003.jpg) [draft of writing, and some text is faded] After this I see he was worried – for two days. And I see it – for I knew his countenance. At length I said Bro. Joseph what is it? What is worrying you? 2 worries oh Oh, says he, Emma. Ill have her eternally if I have to go to the bottom of Hell for her. Eulogy of Emma Smith talent as bright as the sun in that woman only cant fear this ? which is the fullness of the gospel If my people have in but if they [-]ip[-] themselves Dirty man in drawing room (Isaiah)— He's in there . Now he wants to go out with the dirt and filth when he's at home. Gave my two sisters – & seated them to him, and he couldn't others. — About 3 years after Father got a suspicion of it and Joseph came to him and said: Father William. Have you heard any thing about this Col[-]tt. Murreys and my Father said No I havent thought any thing about it, and he says Well don't concern yourself about it. Wahker Smartest [--] natural man I ever saw Never saw man so smart for business For so big a general. He was smarter than Joseph or Brigham for He had only natural talents, and no eddication In Peede Country Indians say God lived where all the inscriptions are went down to to [-]eentown and got c[--]m children, to trade off to the Spaniards. They nd. guns then get only bows and arrows Sent his men ahead: painted black – as if they would destroy us. Then when they were all terrified Then followed Stop! he said They are going to give me some children, and the mothers tore their babies right from their breasts and laid them at his feet to save their lives. He picked out 12 Thence to Cocomongo Dude Ranch, that is a Navajo who could speak Spanish had a Spaniard with him — Bring on your Wares — to Trade Then they brought a beef: then beeves &c. When they got to town they said Then they saw 10 children. for these cattle you have eaten, we haint no horses. He gave us orders that might [---] before day — women packed up Women all went and children — and all we remained – women took the captive children M[---]y Spaniards – dobt mean to pay he says he – they've only gone into the mountains away on their horses and Ill send for them. — One day next Thursday Then he organized Funds & Food. Your to [---]e a ranch and you to [---] a ranch 5 ranches. To ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B32_F11_p004.jpg) Wah-ku was a natural astrologer as we lay out side by side he'd point to the stars as [---] [---] God of Love of Wa[-] and soon - was the great sheep Dipper in the north - dipper – in the South the [---] [---] Sheep they [--]ed the stars by natural intercouse but they fit so that the [-]ord Mah [---] he just [---] and [-]ep on asunder forever. Oh I love the Indians I love 'em for their integrity - their virtue I do: but I despise their filth - some one else tell their name - Dispatch - So So got on to Deseret the third Deseret [-]e Weep or the Earth - That was called Sanpete because San Peter & T[---] W[--]t Didn't. [---] [---] road M[--]d Will and the Spaniards caught up with them at There t[--] Indians fought them. 10 or 12 Spaniards The Spaniards got back their horses, [--] these two men but not them, They took to the chaparral where [-]as delayed them. the S[--] they had to follow their trail and couldn't go fast. 4 hands never a t[---] in a head, of horses - they carried off you understand? - Spaniards followed then So pushed. They telegraphed. Do On [-]n peak.. [---] rabbit bush: all by [---] - [-]m s[--]ke hurry The signal given was for [---] not to hurry - coming on slowly One smoke[-] nearly [-]ulled them by pushing so hard: That is the women and children Kept them in 1850 En[---]ts is In such a hurry to get through to get through to get the gold before any 4 yokes of wagon - Hold .. wagons wagon c[--] yokes. flour bacon wa[-]ker [-]y purchase of as pack saddles and mens saddles and any kind of saddles put these on these horses and sell them to the emigrants. 4 ponies wild by them all - G I was with him & he'd say when the trade was done Give new- in [-]ah 5 dollars new- u[-] back - [---] New em bak chee Here follows a [-]uilt [-]ny a natural astrologer- see Dipper above Pocatello pan- vant chief Pocatello's range Goose Creek & Fort Hall & Bannock Mountains- told Wm Clayton to fit up the Maid of Iowa, and told me to take his family and not mine & Lyman Wight split the Missis. to Mouth of Red River in Texas & he would meet us there. That worn't more than a week before he was killed. It was, In 44: in '41 he told me about plural marriage: when he told Bro: Hyrum he wept like a baby. That were a pill for all of us: you ain't going to publish that? Then I can talk straight ahead as if it was before my Father in Heaven. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B32_F11_p005.jpg) [draft of a story, some text is faded and difficult to read] realize the feelings of Mr. S[---] when he rainy morning, misty men of the Carthage Group I was the last of the prisoners – man jabbing with his gun she went up hell [-]egacy. To hang says I I'm whipped She had cancer She had made a covenant with the Lord that she would be a Latter Day Saint all her life if he would cure her. We had a room at Teacher's but I fixed up a little house forus in the cottage Now, says she, – Cured of cancer. I had my blacksmith's shop there, and many days I wh[--]e's that Cancer. they ain't it there says she. He says I and you know it She 'o There she began to cry, and she told me, and I says Why in the hell aint you suffered : You I just want an answer. Will you go I will says I, and I had a little bit of a shay and when the blacksmith came in I said him harness up the shay and I drove over to Falles Just in Jeppson Co. near Matestown I tuck [---]ed a horse and a little bit of a shay Went up [--] [---] Father I'm going to be [--] [---]ed – They say d[---]t [-]ell right – Went to this Futton any thing inconsistent any thing cruel any thing mean in what I've said to you. any thing contrary to the Spirit of our Lord & Savior J. C? If there's any thing y're not the better for, tell me- I' or I ed. not have s[-]poke the words of that I never meant ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B32_F11_p008.jpg) Look out for the tempter – Jesus was a tempted just like other men, and he said Get thee &c Do you know Bro: Kane when you see an angel from either world, you can see a black halo round one and a white halo round the other. Oh, I've seen Jos: Countenance just shine as white as a lamb How did you first learn In '47 worked at blacksmithing 5 months in the Old Fort– Brother Nyebour made some matches about 1 in 20 wd. burn. I had not a bit of bread on my table – just meat & roots & milk & in that time wife bore child. Indians came in for knives etc ask name had no key-word then took bit of paper wife made candles stand at head of bed - wrote words learnt that day. Got em badly mixed at first owing to 3 brother Utes marrying Snakes & children talking mother tongue. 3 bro This mt. used to be Div. line. quarrel-killed a man at Spanish Fork and had to run. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B32_F11_p009.jpg) Regarding Jo: Smith Decr 9/72 D.B.H. built the first shoe shop in Nauvoo. The first High Council ever held in N. was held there. I won't say more than that my family was poor– we was very poor. This in 1838 or 40 {Ballo Sicilian leader of Brass Band. E P Dusett drummer} {now in Dixie Ballo splendid player of clarionet, horn etc} {would blow his cheeks out below— {Englishman Golightly – now dead also. Ballo played the Clarionet {during the serenade) and I was sick with ague. I had given him my two sisters then for wives. He came in: I was sitting before fire hdkf round head, agur every day. was a pitiful looking sight Bro Jo says he "Dimick, what wilt thou of me? It shall be granted, if it is the half of my kingdom." says I "I ask a favour of you Salvation for my & my family and my fathers house with you & your family and your fathers house in the celestial kingdom of our God." "In the name of Jesus Christ it shall be so." And I do believe that's ben the anchor that's kept me straight, for my troubles has been so hard that its been difficult. Snake most nasal, Ute more guttural. Navajo all guttural. "khaty puckage carrai"—"no hole in your head to hear"— hold up finger first then poke your finger in yr ear, and shake it, then cover head over with hand. anything we brought with us that they had no name for they put nump to– clock they call tabby nump - eun-thing a pin is a baby - ramrrd To watz scury-nump. The thing spoken of is the first thing expressed Fire make Water drink — we would say the Mormon that killed the Indian - they - Indian Mormon killed ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B32_F11_p010.jpg) after the [-] go through the On lodge pole different skin's stuffed walked into hot ash coals right in [---] live fire long enough to long enough to strike each kind three times. In an hour he'd coughed it up – and you cd. not see it for cover of phlegm. By the time he'd made medicine one hour – the sec[--]t Went to hunt up for Shinawb– the Devil. [---] had - Had to keep some kind of m[---] he walked with two staves. While there he Indian was one of W'ah kirs pets. To-yamp - a Root they eat This wife — wet keg of powder — ran away. Toyamp got in — to lodge – and Had one of there was [--] in bright [--]ter glass See them run the antelope – wd. arrows right through Heard The[-]d There was lodge – [-] way up 200 1 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B32_F11_p011.jpg) Tah watz. Genl Ta watz in [-] Signs Deer [---] horns above the ears. both horns. Kine two fore fngers- all but horns turned in (like buffalo.) Horse Two fngers up as ears. Cavajo Spanish two fingers astraddle Horse sent up to elbows- expression to sy[--]py power. First horse he ever saw (Wahkes) [-]o [---] his father bought of spaniards – tied it up and kept it for the children to look up until it starved Poor. [-] Whit fingers wrts finger (strippedness) Ground squirrels fattend in spring or Just put in fire without cleaning Minnows the same. Clean out the fire hole – leave them in guts featherss & everything This finger pushed up as fast as they pec d Never fought me- nor took me prisoner- but they have [---]sed [--] I h[--]p[-] When Tabe sick – Piece of Red Cloth size of that. Baptiste old Indian powerful medicine- one of the fewer can use the thunder balls They call them. by as ounce balls. In spring Sun Pete Valley - - Mt heber walker says will lay by. — &Put boy on horse. - <[-]tar> man about 40 miles from 2 to dark time 'two brought this Baptiste & her Doctoras- Her voice To Tahana When Baptiste- swallowed that piece of cloth He made. Tahana lie on his heart exert herself- how had sweat ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B32_F12_p001.jpg) Argument Tone Sadness – profound pity Argument That with an infinitely lower ideal than ours their faith being intense they display it in a better life than ours. When those who have embraced the Mormon belief die; those who have l[--] suffered and thought and their places are taken by those who have been born and brought up according to Mormon tenets just as the nominal Christians with us have been brought up — then they will fall below us – because their standard is a lower one – In short - a lower standard fully lived up to appeared better than a higher one to which only a nominal adherence is given – Why a Presbyterian feels with the Mormons They have revived the Old Testament, and in its majestic heroes and scenery were so freshly brought to my mind. "taken hold of the promises" and "Zion" is once more dear to a people who have found themselves and their country depicted in the noblest colours by those "minor prophets" whom we contemptuously shun in our reading. While the Mormons live their simple patriarchal life they are not forced to preserve their own self respect by ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B32_F12_p002.jpg) A year ago I knew nothing of the Mormons but the fact that the man with whom I had known intimately for 20 years and whose life I knew to be without spot or blemish had been their steadfast and consistent friend for a still longer time. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B32_F12_p003.jpg) by pretending to give other than a literal meaning to the Bible teachings. Those who are making the wilderness blossom as the rose, — who are living the life of David of the Maccabees – of the mother of the seven — who are "living their religion" are not troubled with doubts. But we whose life of luxury from dawn to midnight runs counter to some precept of our Saviour's every hour who are we are troubled with doubts whether God is not as hypocritical as we are To too many Christ is dead because we are dead in trespassers and sins That gracious Child that thorn-crowned Man Helived while we believed While we believed on earth he went And open stood the door Men called from chamber church & tent And Christ was by to save Now He is dead, Fear hence he lies In that lorn Syrian town And on his grave with shining eyes The Syrian stars look down. Why should we join to persecute the Mormonism when as time rolls on the World the Flesh & the Devil. Great Allies these for a Christian people: fearful foes for the Mormons, and foes who will one day sap their citadel, as God help us, they have long ago undermined ours. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B32_F13_p001.jpg) Notes of Kanosh's interview with K. Taken at Fillmore Dec 17. 1872 Keep, being genuine ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B32_F13_p002.jpg) Mrs Mary told how she had come out among the earliest to Salt Lake, and spoke of the way in which they had husbanded their grain. She had worn out five veils in sifting the coarse flour that came from their rude mill. At first they had set aside what would not sift, but they had been finally glad to eat it ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B32_F13_p003.jpg) [Written in top right corner] Old acquaintance of 1858. came to the furture for the decay of his M[--] M[-] to complain of to ask if any gifts or ann[-]ders were allotted him by Government- if or whether he was cheated out of them by the J[-]h[-] S. Agents. - and to complain implore that he might not be deported to the Uintah Mountain Reservation. Notes of Interview of T.L.K. with Kanosh Chief of the Pah- Vant - Utes We had scarcely arrived at Mr. King's house at Fillmore before we saw some Indians, who, presently entering proved to be Kanosh and his braves. There was something prepossessing in the appearance of Kanosh and his young -er brother Hang-a-tah, the "Red Blanket" but I cannot say as much for their friends. Kanosh says he is forty and eight, but, judging from his white mustache, looks older. His eye is very bright, and he has the intelligent look of a white man. We had three or four interviews with him: for we did not understand that the President in the present disturbed condition of Indian affairs did not think it wise to hear his complaints: so Kanosh came to have a formal interview with his interpreter in the evening after our informal ones were over. Before that, we contrived with the aid of D. B. Huntingdon's little "Ute Phrase-Book" to ask him questions. He understands English, and can speak it a little. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B32_F13_p004.jpg) 2 He thus told us that he had had ten children six boys and four girls, reckoning them up by name - including "Steptoe." "Steptoe" was one who was a little fellow at his father's knee when Steptoe was here The Colonel asked his name, and on being told that he had none, bade them Kanosh call him "Steptoe". All are dead now, dying as they reached eleven or twelve years of age. His band, which was 14 years ago, contains now, he said, only "fifteen and eight - <3 men only no women & children> no hundred." But as he held up his hands five times, and then held up eight fingers we saw he meant 58, and this number is that of his men . He seemed very sad about the dying out of his tribe. It is death by disease, not battle. "All sick" he said "no shoot. My brother sick four days, sick all over, no stand." This was a young brother who died. Hang-a-tah a handsome, aquiline featured Indian of 36, caught coughed dismally every now and then, and, drawing ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B32_F13_p005.jpg) his red blanket round him, sat sleeping over against the fire, his head bent, but not resting on the chair back in an attitude that was extremely graceful. <[-]ounded his chart – there was no [---] of telling him - he had land[---]s with the boys> Kanosh was anxious to impress upon K. his distrust of Dodge, the Indian agent, and his resolution not to be forced to go to the Reservation at Uintah. In the evening he came again with his interpreter. Mrs Lucy Young, little Rhoda and Mrs Empy had come to call one me; K. had asked Mr Staines to be present, and one or two men of the village had dropped in. Kanosh and some of his braves occupied chairs in the ring, others sat on the floor. Kanosh wore a nice blanket great coat – white flannel with a black border and brass buttons – a dark uniform coat also with brass buttons scoured very bright— buckskin leggings and moccasins. He wore an ordinary black felt hat. The rest of them wore Indian costume- one had a turkey feather at the back of his hat and stared ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B32_F13_p006.jpg) Harry Hulings Pitchforth ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B32_F13_p007.jpg) at us like some newly caught, but unscared wild beast. Another evidently thought himself a great buck. He wore a red flannel shirt over his buckskins and had various ornamental tags and buttons attached. This fellow kept stretching his legs and admiring them alternately, yawning to show his white teeth, affecting to go to sleep and awake with a start- all in order to attract the attention of the white squaws. Just beside him sat a very ugly one indeed who regarded him with silent contempt, confident in the supe- -rior attractiveness of his own person. And he was right. None of us could keep our eyes off his head ornaments . His frowsy hair was parted down the centre and along the parting was fas- -tened a strip of leather decorated with such tin studs as are worn on horse's head stalls for orna -ment. His This one's rôle was that of the cynic. He did ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B32_F13_p008.jpg) not glance towards us once, until except just as he was leaving, and then his eye was caught as he loftily passed us in review by his own image in the glass. His indifferent air disappeared at once, and he advanced to it with amusingly uncon- -cealed admiration, posturing before it until the last of his companions left the room. Kanosh's formal talk would probably have been turned into a dignified oration by History. The literal translation I took down as follows, in the rude language of a Mormon interpreter — delivered with solemn pauses- "Glad to see you here: didn't know you was a-coming. You see me – as I am now I have always been: what I will say to you is the same as I have said these to all the Superintendents and agents. I like these folks: want to stay in this country: I like to see fathers from Washington, but want all to talk same way - some talk one way, but some don't: want all to talk with one tongue same as I do. I like to live so I and my young men and families can lay down in peace to sleep: as regards me 'Mericans may sleep here in peace, but I ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B32_F13_p009.jpg) hear Grant doesn't like me, and wants to send and cut Bigham's throat: is it so?" He nods his head gravely in answer to K's explanatory denial, and continues. "You are a stranger, I like to hear man talk like you: next time you come want you to talk the same way; not with two tongues and two voices. This land we all live in is the home of me and my men: the houses and improvements Merri- -kins have made. What are the Merrikins hunting for: what have they lost: is the land the Mormons' the Pi-utes, the Navajoes' the Spanish's? No : God's!" Pointing to the sticks beneath the stove, he said "God made the fire and the sticks and everything for us and for you: for all good men. I like to see all men live in peace and en- -joy this country: but I won't go to Uintah: Grant can send the Utes and Shoshone's there, if he wants to. I ain't eaten none of his Grant's potatoes nor flour: all the gifts I had have been from the Bishops here: flour and beef ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B32_F13_p010.jpg) and seed potatoes: my young men planted my potatoes. Head and Tourtelot were good men: free-handed; but for the last two years I have not had my gifts. You see my boys here: just like the rest of my band: would like you to make good report of us to Grant. I hear Grant's mad: wants to poke us off to Uintah with guns: understand Grant's mad because Brigham's got five wives: Indians got two: Mericans don't want but one: we don't get mad: don't let him get mad, and we won't. That's about all I have to say: what have you to say?" [K. had to say, per interpreter, that he was American, not Mormon: had one wife but four wounds: was going South to heal them: when he went home would take Kanosh's message: there are good and bad Americans: when he gets back ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B32_F13_p011.jpg) he will tell these good ones: am glad to hear that Kanosh is good and has behaved well: have left with Bishop money to buy him 600 lbs of Beef, some tobacco and powder." Here Kanosh, who understands enough English to tell when he is faithfully interpreted, gave a low laugh of pleasure and echoed "powder: with balls?" The interview ended with this. Kanosh came again in the morning and mustering his English dictated to me a statement, which I took down in my little pocket book. He signed it after having made three people read it to him to be sure I was not cheating him "One snow time since I got blankets: no flour, no beef but a little last spring: no flour, no wheat: no oats: no corn: no bullets: no see. nothing but Dodge: talk heap talk: weino pesharony, katz yak- good talk but no give." his Kanosh + mark Fillmore Dec 17/72 Kanosh has not been required to move to Uintah, his band being already on a reservation. In the spring we saw him again. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B32_F13_p012.jpg) Kanosh's Remarks Fillmore Decr 16/72 Glad to see you here–didn't know you was a-coming You see him – as he is now has always been – what he will say to you in same as he has said to Supts Agents – will say to you says don't know as he has any cause to think different from what has thought 20 years – has liked people – wants to stay in this country — likes to see fathers from Wm but wants all to talk same way some talk one way but some don't wants all to talk one way same as he does— says likes to live so he his men & families can lay down in peace to sleep— as regards him Mericins may sleep here in peace but learns Grant doesn't like him & wants to send & cut President's throat – says you're a stranger and next time he sees you wants you to talk as you do now– not with two tongues and two voices— says this land here we all live on is, the homes of him & his men— the houses & improvements the people 'Mericans have made. What are the Mericans hunting for what have they lost is it the Mormons the Piutes the Navajoes the Spanish land- no God's — God made the fire and the sticks and all for good men to enjoy — says – likes to see all classes live in peace in this country if they want it but he won't go to Uintah – Grant can send the Utes & Shoshone's there if he likes – he aint eat none of Grants potatoes nor flour nor beef – what he's had has come from the Bishop here flour & beef & potatoes — my young men have put in seed crops Cols Head and Tourtelot were good & liberal but for the last ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B32_F13_p013.jpg) two years he hasn't had things Says you can see his boys here just like rest of tribe you can hear them talk would like to have a favorable report at Wn but understands Grants mad and wants to poke him off to Uintah with guns– understands Grant's mad because Brigham's got 5 wives, Indians got 2- Mericans don't want but one we don't get mad, don't let him get mad and we wont says thought & studied if forced to leave where they'd go - if Brigh has to leave he & the Utes & Pi-utes wd all follow – and then perhaps they'd be sent off again – says that's about all he has to say what have you got to say Kane American Katz mormon - but come to get well was chief in War – one wife but four wounds and come with one wife to see if can get wounds well but when I get well come up from South soon will take a message am very much ashamed to see how good Mormons have been & how bad Americans – that there are good Americans when go back will tell these good ones — am glad to hear how gl[-] old he has been – to cattle etc have left with Bishops money to buy 600 lb beef, tobacco etc and I thank him [written upside-down on bottom of page] What does mean in English Umpo Shumwa Kanosh has had ten children six boys 4 girls all dead Kanosh says he is 48 49 [-] spring His brother Hang a tak is 36 Baptiste 1/2 brother to Wahker Tabby-Una is Wahker's brothers in-law. Tabby was his brother- in-law. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B32_F13_p014.jpg) katz Washington Tell him I like says Kanosh to hear a man talk like him- Colonel Kane will give you the beef, ammunition & tobacco either to you alone or to all yes that's what I always do says he aint dog nor wolf nor his men aint there are some bad Indians– he thinks you are a gentleman and the captain in Washington –but there are some bad Americans just as bad as bad Indians. Kane Have known Mormons 20 years have always found them good and truthful Kanosh says – some question about ammunition Kanosh wore coat of white blanket with black border brass buttons and uniform coat with ditto – scoured very bright felt hat leggings & moccasins- White mustache- His brother coat under handsome Navajo blankets Another red shirt conspicuously displayed, fringed buckskins great buck in his own eyes – white teeth, and constant display of himself another painted red - with a strip of leather down parting of hair adorned with large tin covers of nailheads – another hat with turkey feather Others rolled in blankets — Remarkable stage strut other notes in black pkt book ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B32_F14_p001.jpg) Section from S[---] Pass going South via Kanab b. Variegated and True Chalk with flints 40 a 100 ft a mottled Limestone pink & white & pink & buff I. 150 b c) [--] ground white SS. used as 4 feet 100 c building stone- fire proof 10 feet on Kanab Cr. a. Limestone, bluish gray g[--]s a good whole Lime 30 d e Gray white SS fine g[--]d pretty firm 500 e presents handsome cliffs f Dark Chocolate SS 800 f at part of this Chreentale on top of G. the selected trunks [sketch of sphere and two cylinders] g Gray S S mtn banks of 50 a 100 g Conglomerate h clay "hills or ridges, bluish and 30 a 40 h variegated L 2 (i) a brown S S. j J The Brick Red S S of S. George According to Mr J W. Young Feb 14' / '73 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B32_F14_p002.jpg) M, Gd[--]. Secn showing where the Coal shd be looked for. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B32_F15_p001.jpg) Monday Decr 2. 1872 This morning I had a visit from D.B. Huntingdon, an old Indian inter- -preter of 64, who has spent 25 years among the Indians. K. had made an appointment with him and he came expressly to talk for me. But he was full of a grievance which he came hoping Tom would abate, and he was unable to quit the topic of the enormities of the Indian Agent, Dodge, for some time. B And as he talked for two hours, I shall not endeavour to follow him, but to put down the scraps that I remember best, because they impressed me most. I had asked him whether it was because he found himself more easily able than other men to pick up the dialects that he became an Interpreter. His answer began a long way off– "I was City Marshal at Nauvoo, when we had that trouble about the newspaper press. It abused Joseph and was full of slanders and lies, and the Council met and voted that it was a nuisance and ought to be abated. I was ordered to do so, and ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B32_F15_p002.jpg) I did abate it. Joseph was Mayor then, and had nothing to do with it, but he was taken on the same writ that was out for me. I ran away and was five days and nights out. I got to Quincy, and had two nice rooms for my family, but Emma — he pronounced it like Aimee– came, and I gave them to her, and went into a stable. Every day to please her I took a horse of Joseph's and rode down to the ferry for news of him, but there was none. One day, the smoke puffed out and the boat turned into the stream just as a man [written upside-down starting from bottom of page] How's Where's Emma and the children? <"Where's the Mommies?"> and I said "Four miles from here; all well." "Thank the Lord!" By this time I knew Quincy pretty well, so I said Let's go round this way back of the town, along a ravine ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B32_F15_p003.jpg) Correction – a drizzling rain was falling, and there worn't but very few people at the ferry. I began "Br !" But he put his hand to his mouth, and so I held up. I rode slowly off, and he followed on till we got out of sight ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B32_F15_p004.jpg) I knew, but just as we rode down along the trail Sister Lois Batchelder was standing at her back door, and she set up her voice "Its Brother Joseph come!" After that of course it might as well have been in the Quincy Argus. But we rode on and I left him at Emma's door. Next morning he came to me "Brother Dimmick, I have a word of the Lord for you!" "Well," says I "that never happened to me yet." Says he "I had a vision last night, and the word of the Lord to you is that you are ap- pointed to go out to the Lamanites." I had hard scratching [The following words are written in the opposite direction than the above text.] to put bread in the children's mouths, and I was dreadful poor, and says I "Oh Lordy!" But I said then "Well, I'm ready." I went home and I said to my woman, and a good woman she's ben these forty years; I told her what a word I'd got, and she accepted it, and the next morning she put up for me a shirt and a pair of pants: that was all I had in the world but what I stood in, and I went round to Joseph's He didn't know I was ready, and when I told him he said the word of the Lord was that I was to go, but not yet. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B32_F15_p005.jpg) However that's the way the Lord made it easy for me to learn their languages." "I was blest to be with Joseph for ten years, and oh, that I could tell you all that I have seen." I asked him if he was with Joseph when he was murdered. "No, I was out on bail," he replied. "They didn't really want us, any more than they cared about the twelve when they'd got Jesus." "No, I wasn't in the room when the mob fired into him, and when the poor fellow was in the window a shot went here—" putting h[-] [the following text written upside down] putting putting his hand on his spine "and he fell among them, and though he used signs and cried "My God is there no help for the widow's son" they stepped up and –here he made a gesture with his hand five or six times that expressed "emptied their rifles into him" as plainly as if he said it in words. "No" he continued, "I wasn't in the room, but it was I that laid him out, And I saw him three months after he was dead, and then six months after." ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B32_F15_p006.jpg) 4 "Do you mean in the body or in a vision?" I said. "Oh, in the body. I saw him three months after when we raised him to take him into Carthage, for there was great rewards offered for his head. I took out"— I didn't dare to ask the meaning of the phrase, dreading to hear in words what his eloquent fingers implied– "a lock some of his hair, and I've got it now, I have a stick made of the rough outer shell [Written upside-down at bottom of page] of the coffin, and in a place countersunk in the head is this hair under a crystal. When I saw him six months after, he wasn't hardly recognisable, but now— oh, he looked beautiful, just as white as milk, and with a skin just like velvet – with the soft white mould beginning to spread- But it was bad- I couldn't get the smell away off me, for we had to handle him so much - though I got into the river clothes and all, and washed and washed, and finally got out and burned my clothes, and was sick in bed for a week." How strange it seemed that such a recog- ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B32_F15_p007.jpg) [Written upside-down on bottom of page] -nition of the decay of Joseph's body should not have given him a horror of the founder of the faith. He went on to tell of the second sight of Joseph, when four who had not seen him obtained Emma's permission to go into the vault under the cellar of the house where we had put him. I had laid plenty of sawdust on some boards above the coffin to hide the smell, and it was easy after we lifted the floor to throw the sawdust aside and they could stoop down to within 18 inches of the glass case. They were Brother Brigham and Brother Heber C. Kimball and Willard Richards and Sister After a pause he said continuing his horribly graphic story Emma was was so delicate when he was killed– with him that's George F. now, and she kept a wanting to see him, but I knew how she was and made her wait till I had all the blood washed off, and him laid out on a bench in the long dining hall at the with Hyrum beyond him. Well, I went for her and I tried to comfort her the best way I could, and says I "Come Sister, it's i[-] ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B32_F15_p008.jpg) meant a great deal to me. Before that — Joseph he said to me one day Dimmick , Do you provision the Maid of Iowa, and fire her up, and put my family on board, and go to mouth of Red River, and await me there.” Oh, but I was joyful, and I ran up to my garret and jumped like a boy out of school to think he would get out of all this trouble. When I went to tell Emma she said ‘No, she would never leave her house, not [The following is written upside down at bottom of page] the Lord’s will”, etc, etc, etc –: I kept my hat before her eyes till she was close up, for fear she’d faint, and when I removed it, Lord, she gave a screech and flung herself right down on him, one hand on his face and the other on his bosom. ‘Joseph!’ she cried, when “sinking his voice – “'Joseph!' for she was fainting, oh Joseph, just speak one word to say you forgive me’!” You don’t understand that, but it ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B32_F15_p009.jpg) for any one, and nothing I could say would move her." And then with tears in his eyes, and his hard face reddening he poured out the feelings that had moved him when he urged her not to care for a poor miserable perishing house in compari- -son with her dear companion. Go she wouldn't, and go she didn't, and she still owns and thrives in the very Mansion House she there refused to quit. But an old man Reynolds Cahoon, came to Joseph crying when he had actually crossed the river to Montrose in Iowa, crying [text upside down] and squeaking out “You’ve got us here with our fam- -ilies, and we can’t leave, and now you are going to desert us and leave us to be persecuted.” Then Joseph said "You are a faint-hearted coward, but I can hear the Voice from coming through you as well as through a better man. I will return and offer up my -self as a lamb to the slaughter.’ And he did.” ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B32_F15_p010.jpg) I don't remember what Huntingdon told me about the Indians particularly, and as I am growing sleepy, and shall see him again tomorrow, I will defer anything more about him till I have slept. Oh no, there is one thing! He told me that he had been bap- -tised 175 times in one day for dead members of his family and that he and his family had undergone 2000 baptisms for all the dead Huntingdons they knew of - including the Empress Maud! Four thousand Huntingdons were [text upside down] enrolled in a book he had, but, hang them, not morethan 2000 were dead! Tom says he is of an excellent old English and New England family. He looks like Dr Elder, but is less flabby and more muscular. He has the same eloquent mouth, and has a little of Uncle Toby – Shakspere's, not Sterne's - mixed up with our dear old friend. His manner is so full of energy, and This afternoon "Sister Young" came to ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B32_F15_p011.jpg) there is so much expressed by a quick yet quiet move- -ment of the hand that I cannot attempt to report him correctly. When he said that the Indians disbelieved the Indian Agent, he moved his head uttering the sound "Hegh-egh!" and gave his hand a half wave on either side his mouth that portrayed the flicker of a snake's tongue. "Good Talk" he says the Indians name him, and that, simple and child like as the squaws are they read countenances ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B32_F16_p001.jpg) (Porter Rockwell) my father wrote considerable for Joseph: they was wrote (the proofs) in several handwritings – came by driblets – from the first the M S Mart. Har. lost I were at Jos' fathers when Mart. came from on the Susquehanna & he couldn't keep from showin' & readin' it & his wife she stole it. Jos: got uneasy & when Mart. came up & he found it was stolen I never see a man feel worse: he'd walk up & down room 'n cry: could hardly be reconciled Father & Mother were sincere converts & Hyrum when be understood the thing he worked right in I was in when Alvan died: bein' dead Jos went alone when he took out the box there was so many more nice things that he felt kind o' tempted and fell to gettin' them out and set the box aside – and when he should have got it – it was sent from him for that time worked 3 years with the Smith boys right along and I see everything & there was nothin' wrong if anythin interestin I know I could find it out quicker by goin' smoothly along than by gaupin round askin' question Right in among em before the translation? of Bk Mormon & ever since. I wouldn't give a cent for ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B32_F16_p002.jpg) against evening." Then they would talk till daylight about the plates - they didn't know but they thought where they was translated they could work them up into money. Ground in section was full of treasure of some kind Bk of Mormon refers to their hiding up their treasure after the last great battle. Take up a little rod (like the tongs) and drive down 1000 12 feet you'd strike it – and then when you dug down 'twant there, and when you'd got up there you'd strike it again six inches from the surface, I've dug for months myself, I was a small shaver — but I'd dig ten or 12 feet– till it'd get away from me: then to hear the old people talk at night. They dug mostly at night was ashamed to let people see afraid of being laughed at. I never heard of anybody getting anything before Bk Mormon was found but was supposed to be Kidd's money: I knew couldn't be that timbered country J. S at 16, nice young man, coarse big featured – not a thing on earth against him: was to school with him, always travelled back & forth alone Spaulding? No truth not a shade. I was right along where I could listen: heard his father & mother — never heard a word of S. I carried the proofs every Saturday to Oliver Cowdery in Palmyra – back to Father Smiths every Monday ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B32_F16_p003.jpg) Alvan died who was to have gone with him to look for the Bk of Mormon The old lady & Mother was always very intimate had dreams together couldn't tell about what liked to talk em over. Saturdays the old lady would come down & the old gentleman in the evening. We was poor in them days could jest Vice Pres: Penna RR scratch along. Mother'd say President International Streamship Co. good pile of bark Allow me to introduce to you Mr William C. Staines of S. L. C, at a gentleman [whom I have known thoroughly for many years] who desires to make an arrangement for the transpor tation of passengers by the International Steamship Company. I have known Mr S. for many years have had opportunity afforded me of testing his integrity and business capacity. His statements of fact may be relied upon. My dear Capt Green If this is handed you by Mr Wm C Staines it will introduce to you one of my most valued Utah friends He is in the best sense of the word, a gentleman: his word is to be relied on as such; and while I have written him a letter for form's sake to Mr Lombaert I will ask you to give him the right introduction to the right man for despatch his business. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B32_F16_p004.jpg) there aint nothing as would turn me from believing what I know Jos: was always serious I believed every word of the visions from the start most men put in something of their own ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B32_F17_p001.jpg) My Experience of Twelve Utah Homes. Visited in Succession — Upon a journey from Salt Lake to Arizona. Last Winter. The Mormon President etc The first was at Provo. — makes [---] Salt Lake Arcadia or Pandemonium — Which? ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B32_F17_p004.jpg) mahogany bureau, and a washstand, a rocking chair and some plain wooden chairs, a large chest on which the mistress's name was painted (oddly enough it was the same as that of the notorious "blonde" leader of a shameless troupe). The small table was already spread for our supper with cake preserves and pies, and the fair Lydia was busily engaged in bringing in hot rolls, meat, tea and other good things, and a smal miniature of herself, still fairer and rosier, and about two years old, trotted beside her; now endeavoring to re-ar- -range the table by upsetting plates, and now making shy overtures of friendship to my boys with the assistance of the blue-ribboned kitten. After our tea was over, the husband-Bishop came in from his other house and with wife and baby withdrew to go to "meeting" leaving us ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B32_F17_p005.jpg) I fancy in sole possession of the house, for we heard no sound until next morning, when our host came in to rouse up the slumberin smouldering fire. The next time I visited Scipio was just at the breaking up of winter. Snow lay deep on the heights and in the narrow cañons, but Round Valley. was an almost impassable quagmire of half frozen mud. We were heartily tired of our journey before the carriage halted before in front of Bishop Thompson's. Our pretty hostess was sick, but we were received in the house of the first wife. The door of one of the two large rooms of which the house consisted was opened to admit us, by a slender, elegantly dressed young lady. "Mrs Thompson?" I asked. "No," said she, laughing and blushing, "I am only a guest like yourself. Mrs Thompson will be here in a moment: 'Sister' Lydia is sick, and she thought some bis- -cuits she had been baking would tempt her appetite, so she ran across with them. Here she is!" Mrs Thompson looked like an ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B32_F17_p006.jpg) elder sister of Mrs Lydia's, but was no relation. She<2> seemed not in the least disconcerted by the addition to our household of our fellow guest, her husband and baby, although she had to entertain also Mr. Staines and young Kimball, and <1>She had a large family of children. My husband now came in with W. Joseph A. Young and his brother Mahonri, who had joined us at Cove Creek Fort the day before; and she taking a wee baby from the arms of the lady who had opened the door, and whom he introduced as his wife, he presented the infant to K. as his name- sake. They had come across from the Saupete county to see us, and the baby was taking its first journey in the open air. It was a bright lively little thing, and lay (basking)<2>(on my lap)<1> in the warmth of the fire, as we elders sat talking, while Mrs Thompson prepared the supper. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B32_F17_p007.jpg) She had a young girl to help her, but more than all she had "faculty," and her meals were served with as much heat in them, and coolness in herself as if she had not both rooms overflowing with guests and children. When I recollected how many bowls and pans and plates and I use when I make cake ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B32_F17_p008.jpg) and what a mess of sticky things I leave the cook to wash up, I could not but express my wonder at her neat tidiness. She came in after her tea- -things were washed up, and sat beside me with her knitting. She laughed at my praising her, saying that it was no wonder — she had had a girl to help her these three weeks, but that she never found the children in her way; they were a help. And so they were, the little eldest unrobing the younger ones for bed, or waiting on the table without needing directions. They were well-trained as well as healthy rosy children, and a little thing who could scarcely speak plainly sat on my knee and carolled like a lark: "Up in the morning early," and "Put me in my little bed"; a still younger baby nodding an accompaniment with quite a good notion of the measure. This lady had grown up in the ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B32_F17_p009.jpg) Mormon faith, our friend S. told me. Her mother died during the exodus, and she, then a very young girl, had reared up her younger brothers and sisters and managed her father's "wagon-hold" I suppose one would call it, without aid from any one. Indeed, she continued her father's right hand until her marriage; and Perhaps the rigorous training of circumstances in her youth made her consider, what I thought such hard work, easy, in her own home, working for her own children and her pleasant faced husband. Ought I to despise that woman? She cer- -tainly came up to Solomon's ideal of a virtuous wife. You would not have despised her if you had felt the difference between her household and that of another woman at whose house I halted afterwards by chance. Upon this ones low roof there lay old ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B32_F17_p011.jpg) boots and shoes and other rubbish giving outward token of what was inside. Entering I found that the dirt-begrimed window prevented the household from needing a curtain, and the smoke-blackened logs of wall and ceiling were in keeping with the frowsy bed and tattered hangings. There was a very pretty baby here, too, which lay in its cradle and looked at me in silent wonder. The mother did no more; never offered me a seat, nor the draught of water I had to ask for, and help myself to; merely remarking that she "hadn't no kind of a place for folks to come into, and Her girl had left the place three weeks ago, and she warn't going to stay among the Mormons if she could git Mr — to quit and go among Christian folks." She supposed of course that she was rude to a Mormon in me, but and I confess that I did not claim her as a Christian sister ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B32_F17_p012.jpg) put up for us. So good and so abundant were they that we feasted on them for several days after, in spite of subsequent lunches provided by other kindly hosts, less gifted with appetising instincts in cookery. On leaving Nephi ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B32_F17_p013.jpg) Mr. L. Young's Story In early days settled in fort — wife sick a/c of miasma so wished to build on Lot where Lion House in Council obj. are Indians but I overruled Mr Jno. Smith in Council said understand do it at own risk But built house — Indians came to beg — one troublesome Mrs Y. timorsome so got large day I to cañon biscuit 4 oz flour Tige take him of all the screaming & scrabbling set and cried — threw down bow & arrows took pity washed with warm water 8 months only house outside the fort — winter of '47 & '48 Her name was Harriet Page Wheeler first husband Isaac Decker — Two of her daughters His son John at 10 was sent back by Pioneers on the Platte alone to get a strayed mule couldn't find it. 4 Indians started out of brush after him 12 miles from Camp his mule throwed up her head & started for camp — followed him clear to camp. Now lives at Kanab Trade with Navajoes ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B32_F17_p014.jpg) Dec. 2. 1872 This afternoon "sister Young came to visit us and to take me a drive. She was very much flurried, and the slight fever that comes on, she says, every afternoon, had given her quite a colour. The carriage was the same in which we were driven from the station, dis- -playing on the coat of arms a beehive, with a lion for a crest. Mrs Young had a secretary of the President's with her, who came to the carriage door to take her orders. She desired to go up first to her house to get her married daughter, but she spoke so low that he did not understand her, and mounting the box, we drove off he evidently directing the coachman to take us through the town. Mrs Y. made two ineffectual efforts to put her head out, and give her orders, but each time her courage failed, and she sank back. "Shall I tell him where you wish to go, Mrs Y?" "Oh no, my dear, no: I daresay he knows best!" Then we drove solemnly on, up one street and down another, and she looked helplessly out of the window as if she would give worlds to make her escape. When I spoke of the changes since her arrival, and asked when she came ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B32_F17_p015.jpg) out, she could not at first tell me, and then confessed that her nerves were so shattered that it was difficult to collect her ideas. We did not have much that was worth recollecting to say, and yet perhaps it is unusual to get so much frankness from "historical personages" during first interviews as I have in my two drives with Mrs Grant and Mrs Young. She touched on Polygamy herself. Passing a white house she said, "That is my daughter's, Mrs Thatcher's." "Oh yes," I answered inadvertently, "She called on me last evening." Sister Young drew herself up; unconsciously, for there is not a particle of affectation about her, and said, "No, that was one of the second family. My daughter is Mr. Thatcher's first wife." We were both silent for a little while after this blunder of mine. Then she turned to me with a little half-smile "You know, my dear, gentlemen here have more than one wife." A pause. "I suppose it looks very strange to you, but it is according to the Bible order of ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B32_F17_p016.jpg) things." "Yes," I said "I have often read of it in the Old Testament." "You don't like it, my dear, do you?" "No," I answered as bravely as I dared, "No, but I am per- -haps more prejudiced than others. I had a stepmother who did not love us, and I cannot imagine a home happy where there are two mothers." "They are not always thrown much together," replied she "but a good woman will always be a good woman, whether she is first or second or third or fourth." "I could never be good enough" I exclaimed, to be willing to share my husband's affection with any one else." "It is very hard" she admitted, but strength is given to us; it is like the sacrifice Abraham was called on to make of Isaac." "Called on," I said, "but the sacrifice was not exacted of him." She smiled and sighed, and the conversation dropped. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B32_F17_p017.jpg) Speaking of the foundations which I saw outside the Lion House enclosure for a very large house she said, "It was for me. My husband meant to build it for me, but his late absences—and things—seem to have frustrated his intention. He has a young wife to whom he is very devoted now." A long pause and I don't know why the young wife came in—whether the new house was to be finished for her, or whether her husband's devotion to the new wife explained the next sentence "He thinks it better for the young to be kept up on the hill" (young children I supposed.) "but he is quite willing I should have my abode elsewhere, but I cling to the old house. I was nine years in the Bee Hive House—but I am too old now for cares and trouble I would rather stay." She spoke of our going to the South as an assured thing so I suppose He has made up his mind. I had a visit on Monday evening, after my return from our drive, from Hosea Stout's wife, She came ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B32_F17_p018.jpg) continues Sister Y's visit of Decr. 2. sent to H A K Dec 4/72 with him, and while K. was talking with him, she talked quite freely with me. She was a lank sallow, hoopless individual, with the usual American countrywoman's one ornament a set of glittering false teeth, but having preserved a sweet though melancholy expression and a pair of kind eyes. She was 25 years younger than her husband, and though a grandmother was nursing her seventh child— her husband's nineteeneth. She dropped incidentally such odd allusions to the queer complications of relation among their people. A Mrs Burton's funeral had passed in the morning. I said that I understood she had died with her first child. "It was very sad," Mrs Stout said, "she and her husband were so very young. They were engaged when she was thirteen and married as soon as her parents could permit it when she was sixteen." "The baby died, I suppose?" "No, it is a fine healthy child. Her mother will rear it." "Then it will have the very next thing to a mother's love." ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B32_F17_p019.jpg) "Yes, it will be well cared for. Her father has two wives and the other one had a baby the day she did, and has promised to miss it, and so it will have plenty of care." She resumed "Of all the forlorn creatures I think a man that has lost a wife is the forlornest. He don't know what to do for himself, nor for the children. Mr Stout has had three or four bereavements since we were married! He had lost one wife just before I married him. She left four children, and I thought I never could love children of my own more. But I found there was quite a new, different love for them. He has a wife now, named Sarah, who is childless, and she is so fond of my baby that he loves her as much as he does me: all the difference is he calls me Mamma, and her "Sate." She says he is like her own, but I say she would soon find out the difference. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B32_F17_p020.jpg) Is learning to be the test? I met one Bostonian lady, whose face was like that of 's Mater Dolorosa, and whose long residence in Spanish California had given her a grace of movement one seldom sees at the Boston. This lady could talk in that high- flown Emersonian way dear to Bostonians with an ease of manner and propriety of diction that would have enabled her to pass muster in our best educated city. I confessed that I preferred to converse with her on more practical matters, such as the government of the Indian peons on the large ranche she had owned, and the culture of the vineyards and orchards. She, by the way, has relinquished all this for her faith, and when I saw her wore a calico gown, and toiled in a little one story ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B32_F17_p021.jpg) Have omitted Introduction — description of Provo adobe villas curling of Young's hair and reason for not describing members of his family — also page about Indian treatment of squaws, etc. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B32_F17_p022.jpg) as he was [---] my Pa[-]ted [---] Brigham Young President of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints makes an annual journey of [---] South visiting all the settlements of [---] people from the Great Salt Lake to the Arizona Border. Last winter my husband, too of our children and I were [---] [---] We accompanied President Brigham Young on his annual journeys South, visiting all the settlements down to the Arizona line on the main route. Another tier of more recently settlements East forms the new frontier, and those I visited deem themselves safe from hostile Indians incursions. The newer settlements East under the care of Joseph A. Young, the eldest son of Brigham, are going through the same experience that has been passed through by Provo, Nephi and the now flourishing villages South of them. We left Salt Lake City on early one December morning, when the stars were still shining in the frosty dawn. At the depot a host of people were assembled to see the party off, and q[-] a number of them filled the special car on the Utah Southern RR. in which we made the first stage ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B32_F17_p023.jpg) of our journey. We travelled down Salt Lake City Valley while the mountains on our left were still in shadow, but the golden sunrise was pouring over the tops of those on our right, and gradually sinking slanting downwards to the plain. The snow had melted from all but the highest summits, and some of these were only veined with it in their ravines. Stepping to the rear of the car to look at a trestle work that was very long and very high for timberless Utah, we caught a beau- -tiful glimpse of the plain, the city we had left nestling at the mountain foot the blue Salt Lake and Antelope Island <(a)> dreamlike in the morning haze. A busy scene at Sandy Station interrupted the silent panorama, and we halted to visit the Smelting Works of an English Company run by Germans. It had only been in operation a fortnight ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B32_F17_p024.jpg) (a) As a general thing the Utah landscaper wants atmosphere the drawing is hard: the contrasts of light and shadow are [---] lights and shadows too abruptly <[---]ly> contrasted: They look too much like colored photographs; but this morning <—> &c had a haze soft & [---]ly ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B32_F17_p025.jpg) but foreman was in great delight over the purity of the resulting lead, there being only 2 part of silver to the ton of lead. It was as pure he said as that of the Swansea Works, and purer than any German. We arrived just in time to see the boiling metal running from one caldron to another. To my surprise it was as clear as alco- -hol. My boys could hardly bear to leave the works, but our timew as up, and we resumed our seats in the train. Mine was beside a sweet looking elderly lady, formerly one of Joseph Smith's wives, though now married to a leading Mormon. She and her widowed sister were to leave us at the next station where they were to attend a meeting of their Relief Society. She spoke of Poly- -gamy to me, and while admitting the "strange- -ness I must see in it, told me that to her it had long been known as Revelation, "Brother Joseph" had re- ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B32_F17_p026.jpg) 13 -vealed it to her thirty six years ago, and She had proved its wisdom since. She could conscientious- -ly say that her husband's other wives were to her as dear Sister. had been one of Smith's own wives though af[---]ds married after his death to another [---]ent personage of the seat.> I made a mental note: "But you look as if you had an unusually sweet temper!" Only A few minutes ride from Sandy brought us opposite the gorge of the Little Cottonwood. I could not believe that the wild desolate looking ravine held the Emma Mine of which I had heard so much, and that thous- -ands of men were busy in its recesses. Opposite, across the sunny Jordan Valley 12 or 15 miles distant though scarcely seeming three miles off in that clear atmosphere, we saw Bingham Cañon another noted mining region ; and a little distance down the line clouds of smoke poured <[--]> from the ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B32_F17_p027.jpg) chimneys of another smelting works. So far we were fully in "Gentile" country. The Mor- -mons discourages mining among their people, although a great many of the richer men are interested in the mines , and a still larger numbers of the younger and poorer go "teaming" especially to Pioche, across the Nevada border. The Saints recognise that they are not all perfect yet! At Lehi we left the train. It was not a particularly attractive looking place; but then to be sure, I want no further than the depot [-] here a crowd of stages, carriages, baggage waggons and hurrying men intercepted the view. As I sat warming myself at the ticket-office stove, the lady- -like young lady Chief from the Salt Lake Office, with her dress neatly looped over her Balmoral, tripped up to the table where (sat) the Lehi telegraph clerk ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B32_F17_p028.jpg) I strolled out on the platform afterwards to find President Young preparing for the journey as he did every morning afterwards by a personal inspection of every wheel, harness, axle, harness horse and mule that belonged to the party. He carried an odd many sided staff , carved engraved all over like a runic staff, but with no more magic in it than was daily useful, for the lines and figures were those of the various measures; and with this staff he rapped on iron sounded wood, and pointed out buckles that wanted tightening in a comfortable suggestive tone of voice that had nothing of the auto- -crat about it. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B32_F17_p030.jpg) He was peering like a well intentioned wizard into every nook and cranny poking his many sided staff which is adorned with and after an effusive greeting, both subsided into business, and The Lehi office was thoroughly in- -spected; satisfactorily as it appeared from the tones of both ladies. This is one of the odd things about the Mormons. Thousands of years back in some of their ways the women are advancd to an extreme of political and socio business equality that has not yet been reached by any of our 19th century people. When [-] I strutted out on the platform I found <[---] found> President Young beginning our carriage journey for the day, as he did every morning afterward, by a personal inspection of the soundness of every wheel, axle, harness horse and mule, that belonged to the party. There were six bag- -gage waggons to accompany us. These had left Salt Lake City long before, us, and now rolled slowly off to precede us to Provo. Under the ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B32_F17_p031.jpg) President's direction we were now told off to our respective carriages, and bade farewell to the friends who had accompanied us so far. The President's led off, accomp then followed ours; and we were sorry to see that it was his luxurious city carriage which he had devoted to destruction on the lava blocks in my invalid husband's service. Its handsomely varnished panels were protected by pure white canvas. What a red stained, dusty, shabby covering reached the journey's end. Inside it was so piled up with cushions and fur robes that it was al- -most impossible to feel a jolt. Behind us followed a carriage containing a one of the Mrs Young who was returning to her home in one of the Southern settlements, (her pretty little daughter with whom my boys at once struck up a friendship which lightened the fatigue ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B32_F17_p032.jpg) of their journey;) and another daughter of President Young's a <[---] pale young> married lady who was, under Mrs Young's care, going to recruit her health "in Dixie." Then followed the carriage of Lorenzo D. Young a younger brother of the President's with his bright eyed rosy cheeked wife, and fine manly son of fourteen. After them came various other carriages containing the Superintendent of Telegraphing in Utah (in whom I recognised the man whom I had accidentally seen praying beside the bed of a dying Gentile in Salt Lake City his pretty wife, and three or four other gentlemen who accompanied us for the re- -mainder of the trip. Our afternoon drive followed the shore of Utah, or Timpanogos, Lake a shiney beautiful fresh water, abounding in fish. On its banks stand several p flourishing ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B32_F17_p033.jpg) villages, their streets bordered with trees, and each of the scattered houses set in a fine orchard. <(6)> Hardly any "clap boards" are seen in Utah. Where they have adobe clay they use it as a building material: wherever they can find a brick-clay they do their best to make bricks, but it disappoints them by the presence of lime, which, not satisfied with slacking in the kiln and destroying half a burning, suddenly manifests its presence from time to time in a finished houses for a year after, some- -times producing fatal cracks from top to bottom. I prefer the adobe. Its natural soft tint is of a dove colour <[---]> that harmonises well with the subdued color of the trees. in the village streets and in a country where So little rain falls as in Utah they are able to put on a coat of white plaster whose ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B32_F17_p034.jpg) (8) appearing in the distance as large fruit orcherds with detached [---] scattered through them. Hardly any &c ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B32_F17_p035.jpg) The walls of the best houses in Provo [--]e white or light colored are recommends it to a housekeeper's if not to an artist's eye. With their carved wooden window dressings and piazzas, and corniced roofs, the houses on the principal square in Provo, which we reached that afternoon looked to me like the pretty designs my youth was deluded with in the American Girls' Own Book. Mar- -vellously neat and trim cottages and villas were set forth in it which the American Girlw as assured she could construct as mantel ornaments from cardboard with no tools but a sharp penknife. The ideal American Girl <(representative type)> may have done it: I know that my walls wouldn't meet, my roofs wouldn't stay on, and my piazzas stood stiffly off disavowing all connection with my building. There Provo villas looked like <[---]> the ideal I had aimed at, but the comparison enabled me to realise more strongly the comfort of the strong solid walls in which their window frames ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B32_F17_p036.jpg) 4 2 frames tobacco were deeply recessed, assuring one of cool rooms in sum- -mer and saf prole We entered the grounds of one of these houses and drew up at one of its several entrances. There was a front door from which a short footpath led to the street; there was one at the back of the house opening into a covered way, for use in stormy weather; and there was the one by which we entered, opening on a wide piazza, where our hostess stood ready to greet us; a buxom black haired and black quick-eyed dame who reminded one of the Wife of Bath. She greeted us with [-] a warm welcome, and hailed the rest of the company with many a quip and merry jest, as she led the way into her large parlour. In two minutes more she had flitted up the stairway to show me my rooms; in two more she had committed my entertainment, as far as words talking to me went, to another of her husband's wives, also a guest, and [The following is written sideways in top left corner] White, cold, hard &c Rather too much of the walls, ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B32_F17_p037.jpg) in twenty more she had us all of our large party seated at a table so abundantly spread that there was no more than room for our plates. Then came the usual Mormon grace before meat, not uttered until President Young's eye had wandered over the table and seen every cover lifted, even the stoppers taken from the decanters of home-made wine. (I have seen more than once at Mormon dinner-parties the corks drawn from the champagne.) I don't know why the covers are raised taken off, surely the blessing could penetrate through to the viands? Perhaps the savory smell penetrating our olfactories tended to make us more thankful! On the other hand a gourmet might have been tempted to wish the grace — an excellent prayer — somewhat shorter when those steaming mealy pota- -toes were cooling. What had we for dinner? What had we not! Turkey and beef, and various ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B32_F17_p038.jpg) oyster soup Carte Wild Plum Jelly Salmon Trout Wild Duck Apple Fritters Chicken Pie vegetables, and "sauces," jellies clear as amber and ruby and amethyst jellies, preserves, mince pies (drawn out of the over after grace was said!) plum- -puddings, plain puddings for the children) who pre- -ferred the rich ones,) cheese (and figs) and apples and cake, butter, bread, rich milk, thick cream and excellent tea: all were served, and pressed upon us by our active hostess. A seat was reserved for her at the President Young's right hand, to which she was invited about once in five minutes, and would reply "Immediately, Brother Young" "In a minute, Sister Lucy" as she flew off, to reappear with some fresh dainty. The feast was exquisitely clean as the house — <(c)> a very large one — and the mistress told me afterwards that with the help of one young girl she did everything including taking care of the milk of two cows. That she looked well to the ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B32_F17_p039.jpg) sand paper scrubbing — &c (C.) Here speak again of this House stating for int[---]e that to be [---] than were all Conveniences to [---]ize labor making <[---] & [---]> in a chorus — and learns stables [---] workshop & anything [---]ed [---] roof or connecting by com[--]rs. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B32_F17_p040.jpg) ways of her household, no one could doubt who heard the prompt cheery replies she made to her husband queries (He was also a guest, if a man can be a guest under his wife's roof!) as to the welfare of the cows and calves and sheep and horses and hired boys, the winter's provision of wood and coal; & the summer's harvest. Such a busy woman! I did not wonder that there were few books strewed about, only a Bible, a Book of Mormon, the Harp of Zion, Worcester's Dictionary and a photograph album: except in the locked closet where were the school books of her only son, gone now to Salt Lake City to study law. Her one nestling had flown, and good housewife though she was, she sat down long enough to speak of her loneliness without him, while the tears sparkled in her eyes. I thought of a home I knew of overflowing with books and manuscripts and ha[-] ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B32_F17_p041.jpg) children's voices; where the boys and girls gathered round the table of an evening with their drawing painting and sewing, while Mother read aloud and Father commented on the reading as he wrote, and the tears came as I thought how solitary her life must be, when each day's work was over; how much more solitary it would be as the evening of her life closed in. No "John Anderson" to be her fireside companion when her son had gone to his own home! However, my pity for the present was uncalled for. My hostess was soon jesting with her guests, and she certainly was happy and con- -tented woman. on Our evening passed very quietly. Presi- -dent Young was suffering from a feverish attack and the household retired early. When we were sitting in the parlor after dinner, he complained of severe pain in his head, and his wife brought ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B32_F17_p042.jpg) in a basin of warm water and sponged it until he seemed relieved, and fell asleep in his chair when she wound up the proceeding by curling the wet hair into most elaborate rings. It was such a service of love as I have seen rendered to fathers husbands and brothers in many a Yankee farmhouse before the household went to Meeting, and I only mention it because those curls had been a mystery <([-])> to me. Such effeminate vanity it had seemed in the man of seventy-two, a man who had such immense responsibilities on his shoul- -ders. It had seemed as if with the power of an Eastern despots, he partook of his luxurious cat-like ways. And the mystery resolved itself so simply! I have spoken of "his wife." Which wife? I have decided not to speak of Brigham Young's own household, unless casually. I was a guest in the "Sion House" for some time and became ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B32_F17_p043.jpg) ? quite intimately acquainted with some members of his family . People are curious to hear about them; but the satisfaction of curiosity would pain these ladies, who suffer enough from gossiping inquisitiveness. and would not do any good to anyone I am aware that I shall forfeit most of the inter- -est my subject may have seemed to have. "You went to stay in Brigham Young's own house?" exclaimed a horror struck old Aunt of mine," How could you do it! Don't tell your cousin — for she said already that she was afraid you couldn't touch pitch without being defiled. Did you actually sit down and eat with those women? I wonder at you! How many are there; are there any of them pretty; what did you — "Dear Aunt ," I answered, "there are plenty of books where you may read more gossip and ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B32_F17_p044.jpg) ? slanderous stories about Brigham Young's house- -hold than I ever heard. I went there at the close of my stay in Utah <[---] order in order> to show openly that my opinion of the Mormon women was now such that I could eat their bread and salt. If I thought your questions were put in a kindly spirit, I would answer them. Can you say so?" She was silent. — I think some people would express their horror if you confessed to having attended a Witches' Sabbath, and having manifested properly their own superior purity would ask you questions as to the knowledge you had thus gained, and fancy they still could stand on their As far as I can, I shall endeavor to conceal the identity of any Mormon woman of whose story I may chance to speak. I met none of ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B32_F17_p045.jpg) whom I ought to have an unkind word. to say. We understand each other now, dear reader, and if you can have patience to continue on my journey with me. I can give you I think "Skeletons for Stories" that will set you up with quite a stock in hand for your next Magazine series. We have almost used up the War and Hospital fund by this time. That very evening as I drew up the blind in my dressing-room, I was reminded of one I had heard a few days before from President Young. There was a beautiful moonlight night, and the town of Provo seemed intensely still, save that I could hear the lights in the Meeting House where they most of the men of our party had gone to preach. The sheltering mountains looked almost like white clouds as the moon shone full on their snowy tops. At the foot, commanding the town ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B32_F17_p046.jpg) stories moonlight. [---]h bending husbant birth me queer-halt fear no canny &c. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B32_F17_p047.jpg) Porthone who sometimes break through the bands of custom and seek refuge among the mormons, who will conceal them if they once reach the shelter of their roof. The Indians appear to cease the pursuit there. It seems difficult to believe that the Indians should be permitted to treat their helpless dependents as they do even in the presence of whites but the Mormons are advised not to interfere and seldom do unless it is more than human nature can endure to witness. The result of interference they generally find to be a tenfold retaliation on the cattle or persons of the next whites that come within their power to harm. To this the Mormons submit considering that the Indians are only obeying their own ideas of justice. Where the Indians commit depredations which are not in retal iation, the Mormons pursue and punish, generally with the consent of the chiefs if it has been the act of a few individuals. If a whole band is in the mischief the affair becomes more grave and there is high treaty-making, but as a general thing they contrive to arrange matters without fighting. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B32_F17_p048.jpg) 2 Nephi. I could see little of Nephi in the gathering darkness: it was evidently smaller than Provo, and less pretty. The carriages halted on entering the town, and separated company for the time. Ours was driven rapidly up a street to where a plain adobe house fronted the road. But lights streamed from every door and win- dow; the master of the father of the family stood waiting to help us out of the carriage and the wives and children greeted us warmly as we entered the house the threshold. We had not known to where we were to stay, but both our host and his first wife re- membered K. and reminded him that they were dwelling inside the fortified enclosure when he was sheltered there in '58. It must be said here that though I was a stranger, my husband's name is a household word among the Mormons, and their uniform hospitality to us sprang from gratitude. Our present hosts ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B32_F17_p049.jpg) Our present hosts, the Steerforths were English people; The husband of a Manse family long resident in Yorkshire, one wife from Hereford tall, blue-eyed brown haired and rosy, the other from Yorkshire pale dark haired and tiny. Then there was a group of children, all girls down to the tiniest little elf that ever walked, except and one sturdy boy who straightway "fellowshipped" with my little lads, and carried them off after supper to the great kitchen to see Lehi the Lindian adopted boy. After supper! Whenever we have any article here at home that tickles the palate of Evan or Will, they straightway begin, "This reminds me of the P's ," and descant upon the hot tea-cakes, the muffins, the delicious stew, the steak, the potatoes, the various good things that composed in Yorkshire style our "tea-dinner," until the other children beg them to stop, since they cannot go too to Nephi. Brown Copenhagen ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B32_F17_p050.jpg) One of the wives sat down to table with us, and one waited, with the aid of the two elder girls. There was a young school master too, who had made his home with them since his parents died, and whose love of the quiet household life was duly praised when he left the room. But I thought that the pretty pale face and dark eyes of "our eldest" might perhaps share the credit of the long ten mile ride on Friday evening, and the starlight start on Monday morning. Time will show. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B32_F17_p051.jpg) Our conversation the first evening turned chiefly on the difficulties of their pioneer life and while Mrs Mary talked most freely the little Mother put in a quiet word of acquies- -cence or confirmation now and then. Mrs Mary told me that they had <"Our family," said> came out among the earliest to Salt Lake. Speaking of the way in which they had husbanded their grain she said, "She had wore out five veils in sifting the coarse flour that came from their rude mills. At first they had set aside what would not sift; but they had been glad to use even the bran <[---]> long before — ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B32_F17_p052.jpg) Our conversation the first evening was chiefly of the difficulties of the all long before new supplies came in. She spoke with the same emotion I had witnessed in a much older woman of that joyful day in the <1848> second year <(1848)> when the harvest had been gathered in, and they made a great feast of rejoicing before the Lord. Long tables were set out and all the women and girls in the settlement were busy, baking, stewing, roasting and boiling. All strangers tarrying in the settlement — there were a number of the early Californian emigration were bidden to the feast, and then they had dancing and singing under the boweries and bade care depart for the time. S. who was present, reminded Mrs Mary how hardly the unmarried men had fared that first season; how they would avoid going to the homes of the married at the times of unless too sorely driven [The following is written on right side of page] Leather crickets slugs [---]n dy unwashed ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B32_F17_p053.jpg) by hunger, and of the carefully measured portion that had been meted to each member of the household being again subdivided to share a portion with the famished guest. This Elder, a man deformed in body, but with a most engaging countenance, had been detailed during the pilgrimage to be a missionary among the Poncahs, a band of Indians on the L'Eau qui-Coule. He did not rejoin the main body for some months, and the Steerforths seemed as much interested in the details he gave of his mis- -sion as I was. The Indians had been very kind to him, but they themselves were a weak band among more powerful tribes, and he had suffered with them from hunger famine, and been unable to accommodate his feeble appetite to the Indian custom of gorging when food chanced to become plentiful. He was almost dying when, in a little thicket to which he retired thrice a day to pray, sweet visions came to him which promised him life, and that he should yet rejoin his friends. This gave him renewed strength, and he had remained among the Poncahs until recalled to ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B32_F17_p054.jpg) take his place among the Pioneers months among a band of Indians on the L'Eau- qui-Coule the Poncahs He learned their language and lived in their lodges, and taught them as much Christianity as he could, by precept and example. I have often wondered since if what he taught has been entirely forgotten; or, woven up in their confused minds delights the new Episcopal Bishop of Niobrara in whose diocess they find themselves, with traditionary glimpses of a historic past in confirmation of the almost universal prevalence of legends of the Deluge, the confusion of tongues, and so forth. I am satisfied that the Mormons themselves are often led to receive as genuine Indian traditions confirmatory of the Book of Mormon, faint recollections of the teachings of the courageous Spanish priests who penetrated the deserts of Utah more than two ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B32_F17_p055.jpg) hundred years ago. Utah was then probably quite thickly settled. I do not wish to refer to the Indian legends as authority, but to the presence of great quantities of broken pottery on the "benches" — low terrace — like or railway embankment — like hills — running along at the foot of the mountain ranges. At far north as Nephi, and even as Provo, they are also ploughed up by the farmers and are far superior to anything the Ute or Pi-ede In- -dians make now. The Indians of Nrothern Utah, the Shoshone's, I never met any of. They are offshoot of the great Camanche nation of Texas who often make them overtures to rejoin them, and are superior in intelligence and moral qual- -ities to the Utes of middle Utah, who again are much above the debased Pi-edes of Southern Utah. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B32_F17_p056.jpg) Mr. Steerforth mentioned a curious im- -pression seen in a block of lava near It is precisely like that of the print of a child's bare foot, and near it is another less plain. He supposed that some Indian child had really trodden there before the lava cooled. I asked how long it had been since a volcano had been active in the country, but none of them knew. Although they had been among the first settlers at Nephi their knowledge was but of yesterday compared to the years that must have elapsed and as Mrs Mary could talk in a very lively manner of her experiences since she came, so I preferred hearing of them to speculating about the volcanoes. She remembered Wah-ker and Arrahpene, and their sales of Pi-ede children. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B32_F17_p057.jpg) One of his Pi-ede captives had been brought up from his infancy in the Pr house, and was adopted as a son. Thy little boys had already made Lehi's acquaintance, but Like most of the Indians who have grown up in the Mormon families he was sickly. Rheumatism, dyspepsia and consumption seem to follow the change of diet and more sedentary life. "Lehi" was crippled with rheumatism, and would not talk much. On a subsequent visit to the Ps He told the <[--]> boys how, when he was a little captive Wahker's band used to amuse ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B32_F17_p058.jpg) themselves in tormenting him, now burying him up to the chin in earth, leaving food and water just beyond his reach and affecting to remove the band and leave him to die alone, now sending for him to be killed, and when the braves had taken aim, bidding him go for this time. Besides these plays, the boys of the band were allowed to try their skill in arrow practise by showing how near they could come to hitting him without actually piercing the living target. No wonder Lehi used to hide under the bed at Mrs P's whenever an In- -dian came near like a day who has [---] shot at ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B32_F17_p059.jpg) Wahker's Pi-ede captives had been adopted into President Young's family, and is now a sedate woman of forty, with a great horror of Indians. I was told that it was at the time she was sold that a young brother of hers remaining on hand after the rest of the captives were disposed of, wasthrown alive into the boiling sulphur spring, a mile north of Salt Lake City. But President Young himself, who ought to know I suppose, said that he did not believe it was her brother, in the first place, and that in the second, that he was killed before he was thrown in. I found the Mormons disposed to justify and ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B32_F17_p060.jpg) excuse the Indians more than I thought the squalid creatures deserved, and if Wah-ker didn't boil that boy alive, he did enough atrocities to justify the terror in which the name of the great Ute chief was held among the subordinate tribes ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B32_F17_p061.jpg) I have thus I endure at my husband's request a copy of an E[---]t from a letter written by me t[---] — my [---] times — of — [---] will observe that I speak only for the women. Is upposed I am is [--]enty [---] only Lady who has been willing to I believe that I am the only "Gentile" woman of respectability who has been enabled to hold free intercourse with the Mormon women, and I have, in the course of my slow carriage journey through the Territory from Salt Lake City to this settlement on the Arizona border - visited or been visited by scores of Mormon <"plural> wives." You may well be surprised that I speak of them as [---] It was a matter of surprise to me to meet those whom I had been trained to look upon as unfit to associate with me, and to find them modest quiet housewives" "discreet, chaste, keepers at home, good, obedient to their own husbands." Indeed I make this criticism adverse to my Utah Sister that she is precisely that ideal Woman whom our writers praise for not stepping beyond her sphere. Her nursery, her kitchen and dairy, her needle and her sewing-machine occupy all her time. Her husband is the priest of her family, and she "learns in silence with all subjection" what he teaches, ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B32_F17_p062.jpg) and stands prepared to die for it if need be. They do not argue; and St Paul himself could find no flaw in the way they lives up to his pre- -cepts for the government of the female members of Timothy's flock. In the nineteenth century, however, it leads to inconvenient results. I fancied before I came here that if the marriages already made were legalised, the women would gladly abandon Polygamy for the future. I am obliged to confess that, so far, that is during my six weeks' study of them, I see no leaning that way. The question has been made one of Fidelity, as they think, to their Bibles' teachings; and the unreasoning creatures cling to it in the same spirit that has kept our sex for ages saying under affliction "Though He slay me, yet will I trust in Him." The wives of this generation receive no comfort from my suggestion that their own social position will be legally secured, nor do they debate in their minds what their action shall be. They must go where they ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B32_F17_p063.jpg) can love their religion." If Washington decides that they must choose between their faith and their country, they will not dis- pute the matter. They will cling to their faith. But they long to stay. The men are hardy enough, and with their independence of habit and freedom from slavery to tobacco and liquor will manage pretty well. B Twenty one years have passed since the first pioneers set foot in these valleys. The sufferings of the women who crossed the deserts with them, and the lonely graves of the baby dead a[---] who fell by the wayside are unforgotten. The pretty cottages they own now are especially dear because they have known what it was to live in tents and wagons without door or wall, win- -dow or floor. Women feel a real affection for their handi- -work, and I can understand how these ones appreciate the housewife's wealth with which they have surrounded them- -selves, the rag carpets and rugs, the curtains, and covers, spreads and pillowcases edged with finely knitted lace; the preserves ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B32_F17_p064.jpg) and canned fruits in their closets, the herbs and the currant and gooseberry bushes in their gardens. The simple creatures dread leaving these home comforts, but they dread much more encountering what they have already undergone, they or their mothers. They dread to see their baby's perishing in the desert when they know that the food that was once so near at hand would save the darling life. They dread the Indians whose alarming presence will keept them sleepless in spite of fatigue, and the hard journeys that will bring children into the world prematurely and task<[-]d> the strength of young and old. What earnestness this lends to their prayers: how close it makes them cling to God whose overruling power can save them if He will. Every night and morning since I left Salt Lake City, in log-hut or adobe villa wherever I chanced to rest I have heard Him implored to soften the hearts of their rulers, and to incline them to "let this people alone." In every family circle the women who knelt have ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B32_F17_p065.jpg) known something by personal experience of the suffering they may have to encounter again can "live their religion." encounter again The President's Message reached Salt Lake City previous to my departure. I read the allusion to Utah affairs with a slight laugh at the thought that he had had not forgotten that he had left himself "corked up in Dutch Gap" by his in-judicial proceedings. Our friends in the East probably thought no moe of it than I did, or were gratified that our Bull Dog still hung on. "Stamp out Polygamy! that's right!" they say, and forget Utah. Our own people speculating in the mines here grumble at the words that threaten, trouble in Utah. It will un- <[--]here money and l[---]r money stocks> -settle the prices of mining stocks in San Francisco and London. Their dissatisfaction will be represented in Congress and will have its weight. But no one minds what the Mormon delegate may say, and no "Gentiles" but K. and myself witness the cloud of sorrow and anxiety that dims this Christmas season in every Mormon family. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B32_F17_p066.jpg) I suffer From what I know of Grant's good heart (xBe that the last thought the world that occured to him in in when he wrote this paragraph referring to Utah was that a he only [---] serious effect and be to [---] arm a [---] of the women & children of the teritory. I think they m[--]de to make this Christmas arch a season of especial of my Spiturly: a men unhappy anxious set of helpless passions it has never h[---]n been my lot to [--]st The simple creatures know nothing of Politics. To know it means another drive. Love [-] From what I know of Grant's tenderness to his own wife and children family I should then suppose The last thought in he could not be hardhearted to women and children, and that the last thought in his mind when he penned the paragraph on Utah affairs was that its only serious effect would be to alarm the women and children in this territory No one known better than I do |what or how| - - - ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B32_F17_p067.jpg) more to see their babies perishing when they know that the food that was once so near at hand would save the darling's life, and that they have ransacked their scanty stores in vain for anything to tempt the failing appetite. They dread the Indians whose alarming presence will give sleepless nights to the delicate mother, the hard journeys that will bring children into the world prematurely, and task the strength of young and old. What earnestness this lends to their prayers; how close it makes them cling to God, who alone, they feel can turn the hearts of their rulers, and save them! Their (What an absurdity it seems to me to risk depriving our country of these good simple women, to blacken the hearts of so many thousand quiet homes where neither oath nor drunkenness nor tobacco fumes poison the peace and refinement — to leave Utah to the mining population and the soldier garrison — in the cause of Virtue!) I do not think General Grant has thought of the women. I know him to be too tender a father and husband to be hardhearted to women and children. If he had known how much wretchedness they had already caused he would scarcely have penned those three lines in the Message on Utah affairs These women are patriotic — they want to be Americans. I am confident the United States could not have a better nursery for good citizens than the Utah we despise ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B32_F17_p068.jpg) Hon: Wm H. Hooper My dear Sir; I enclose a copy of a letter mailed by me today to Hon. John Scott. The days of this Congress are so few ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B32_F17_p069.jpg) known something by personal experience of the suffering they fear to encounter again. The Pres: I pity them. I wish I could avert it! Or, I wish their men would be content to remain in a Territory, and not ask that Utah should come in as a State. I confess I secretly wonder at their patriotism, their Stars and Stripes and Liberty Poles, their mournful tone in acknowledging that they are over forty and have never cast a Presidential vote. But I don't profess to understand men. I do know something of women, and if I could say a word to our Legislators it would be to beg them not to deprive the United States of these Mormon women. They are the vic- -tims of one error; but they live at peace with each other, and rear brave sons and modest daughters, free from debauchery drunkenness or feebleness the result of vice. Patient frugal and industrious; just such women as the United States needs to carry out the republican theory of its founders; They wait to know their doom. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B32_F17_p070.jpg) These Mormon women who have borne persecution seem so much in earnest! Life for them would been unendurable if they did not feel sure that it was God's decree, they were carrying out. Since He wills it, they make the best of Poly- -gamy and seek out its best side. Do I think they really believe it is God's decree? Certainly I do; just as much as all good women believe in the curse of Eve. If we looked at all we are taught about that in te mere light of Reason, we would be doing just what we ask the Mormon women to do. I believe one reason we women are more oftener [The following is written sideways on left side of page] Postpone Postpone ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B32_F17_p071.jpg) Postponed Christians than men are, is because our share of the burden of life is so much the harder. If we did not believe it was laid upon us by the God whose wisdom and love we trust, we could not endure it I think the Mormon women cling the closer to their faith for this same reason. "If in this life only we have hope in Christ, we are of all men most miserable," cried Paul when the world was a very hard world to him. I saw no woman who confessed to being discon- -tented with her lot; but then few women will ever do that openly. Nor did I see many, I met some; who claimed that P a plural wife was happier than a single wife. A few bade me realise how blest I was — adding however — that is for this world. My selfishness is, in their belief, greatly to diminish my husband's kingdom in the next. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B32_F17_p072.jpg) Postpone trifling incident, but it was a constant occur- -rence to have the stage run into Mormon teams. Beyond Nephi the road is scarcely travelled by others; but near there the highway turns off to the great Pioche mining settlement in Nevada, and the "Gentiles" love to annoy the Mormons in the same way that in crusading days men who had no other claim to religion felt better for harassing a Jew. <[--]t> Hardly a week passed without some frailer vehicle driven by a Mormon being run into or upset by one of these heavy Gilmore stages, and the annoyance was rendered the greater on the part of the Mormons by their belief that no Mormon could obtain the mail-contract. I suppose these are the sort of things, more than any grave case of oppression which "fire the Southern heart," so sore already ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B32_F17_p073.jpg) from being conquered. Only those who live in a household can realise how irritating a word, a sneer, even a look may be falling upon the surface of a heart quivering nerves. And as this stage-matter was one upon which the Mormons were very sensitive I gave them much credit for their forbearance. That day too I was in the mood to appreciate it, for I was reading as we toiled through the sand, the (raw-head- and-blood-bones) narrative of Bill Hickman. We were traversing the very route country in which he had laid the scene of some of his most revolting confessions. A clear pond we passed holds in its bosom he says, the corpse of one of his victims, and some of my quiet fellow-travellers, and the meek-faced Mr. P. my host at Nephi were [The following is written on left side of page] But afterwards I [---] [---] was realy in d[---] [---] ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B32_F17_p074.jpg) on his showing, his Danite accomplices. The reception of the stage-driver's insult tallied ill with friend Bill's picture of the Mormon leaders, and when we made our noon day halt. I found the women of our party take it much more tamely than I was disposed to do. They seemed to think it a small piece of religious persecution to which they ought to turn the other cheek. What a curious sensation it was to read that -man's book in the company of the man whom it was written to accuse of a series of revolting murders: a man even now under bail for a heavier amount than was exacted of Jeff. Davis. I suppose that Hickman's testimony might have carried great weight with a jury, if he had not discounted the sensation by this [---] publication. Its monstrosity carried its ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B32_F17_p075.jpg) best reputation, and I fancy the authori- -ties will prefer never to bring poor old Brigham Young up for trial. There were many who hoped he was taking this Southern trip as a preliminary to running away and forfeiting his bail. But (as he did) last year, he had constant telegraphic communi- -cation with Salt Lake City, and was as ready to return for trial as then. Last year I fancy his prompt return, travelling up towards his prison night and day, was rather unwelcome to Justice. It's acceptable to our nineteenth century ideas to kill our Jeff. Davises our Brigham Young's, our Captain Jack's "red- handed" as the Scotch say; but if they don't resist, we are apt to begin studying the question of their actual guilt, looking at both sides and ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B32_F17_p076.jpg) so forth: until we are ready to blame those Oregonians for slaying the Modoc prisoners as the outcry was a few weeks ago that we should do to Captain Jack. There is no doubt that Hickman led away a number of wild young Mormons whom he formed into a band of regular K. maintained ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B32_F17_p077.jpg) I could see little of the place, it was smaller than Provo evidently, and not nearly so pretty. Our party halted, and parted company. We were driven up a street to where an ugly brown adobe house fronted the road. But lights streamed from every door and window, and as if by magic, we were at home in a moment. I did not even know there kindly people's names till we crossed their threshold, but we shall not soon forget them. <[---] hospitable [--]ions.> Such hospitable warmth. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B32_F17_p078.jpg) 7 57 Nephi It must be remembered that though I was a stranger, my husband's name was a house- -hold word among the Mormons, and their kindness sprung from gratitude. I like to tell about my stay in Nephi, and feel as if I had spent a much longer time there than the few days that comprised my two visits. Like St Paul a Jew of Tarsus, a Pharisee, a Christian, a Roman Citizen, I don't exactly make friends under an alias, but I feel a right to "call country men" with English Scotch and Puritan Yankees. I have plenty of Irish blood too, but it wasn't an element in Utah, Besides I never feel its influence in my veins. My present hosts the Ps were English people, the husband of a Manx family resident in Yorkshire, one wife from Hereford ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B32_F17_p079.jpg) 58 and I suppose this feeling that it is God's doing, keeps down among good women that natural womanly jealousy we Gentiles think insuperable. We are familiar from childhood with the heart-burnings of jealousy in Hagar and Sarah, Leah and Rachel, but we forget the numbers of what the Mormons would call "plural households" among the patriarchs of whom no quar- -rels are recorded. Those of the women above- -mentioned are probably told because they were exceptional. And by the way what a curious idea it is to quote the examples of Rebekah as a faithful wife in the Episcopal marriage-service! I suppose it is because Isaac is the only "Kessed old saint" who is not known to have a polygamist, for Rebekah did anything but honouring him in his blind old age, and we would not like to record of any heroine ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B32_F17_p080.jpg) by hunger, and of the carefully measured portions My dear Sir: that had been meted to each mem- -ber of the household being again subdivided to share a portion with the hungry bachelor. They laughed together at the recollection of the invitation he had received from one day to come and eat bean soup with him. How good it had sounded, there was savour in the very name! How punctual he had been; how eagerly he lifted the first spoonful to his lips! He had laughed aloud soon after, and his host asking him why, he answered, "Well xxx you asked me to eat bean-soup and I can't help chuckling to think I've got it!" holding up the solitary bean he had fished out with his spoon. Mrs Mary had not remained long in the ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B32_F17_p081.jpg) 57 of the nineteenth century good enough to have her memoirs written, such unwifely conduct as hers is inciting Jacob to cheat her poor old husband. I think she fully deserved to be tormented by the "daughters of Heth." They probably did no more than point out to Esau the unfair partiality that Mother-in-law Rebekah showed sly Jacob!) If it be true that most poly- -gamic households lived as peacefully in pa- -triarchal days, as monogamic ones do now, there that is nothing but custom to prevent the same thing taking place now, and with the Mormons they have customary usage in favor of it. Yet it does seem extraordinary that jealousy can be so completely dead as in the instance I am about to give. In one of the Mormon settlements ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B32_F17_p082.jpg) Salt Lake Valley. Theirs was one of the first families detailed to form the Salt Creek, now Nephi, settle- -ment, and the mouldering crumbling adobe wall we had passed was that of the fort in which they used to take refuge from the Indians. "That," Mr. P. said turning to K. "was where you were sheltered when you came through to make the peace in '58." "I don't remember the place," he answered "it has changed so much I suppose." "Yes," Mrs Mary said "we have moved our log-house twice on account of the In- -dians, and others have done the same. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B32_F17_p083.jpg) The Indians — imitate Crook's look and manner when he said God damn — at one time they had him foul — they had made overtures of peace but it was treachery & they'd got him all surrounded in a little valley — he came expecting a conference — but when they looked at him though they covered all the hills their hearts grew soft as a blanket & they didn't make the attack as agreed & their chiefs were very mad: nearly the entire nation was there but owing to his kind looks they let him go without showing thbeir force. They after- -wards fought five days in the Mts — this was along in September good many dying on both sides. Come on foot — drink at little springs cross Colorado on Jacob Hamblin's trail — Spanking Jack is the Pi-ede counselling chief — Tow-am-pitz called by us John is the war-chief. Jack was made chief by Powell against the wishes of the peopl ehere about a year & a half ago, but I don't know but it is best. Jack was a first class rascal before ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B32_F17_p084.jpg) The difference between the settlers in Utah, and pioneers elsewhere struck me very much. I know nothing by experience of the early settlers in California, Colorado and the other Western territories and states but if the pages of Ross Browne and Bret Harte with their imitators are to be trusted they are a rougher and more un- -godly set than those who flocked round us when we first cut down the forest in our own mountain-home. My own old neighbours I knew well, and the contrast between them and the Utah people was great. Decent women were scarce among us; drinking, quarrelling, swearing and gambling filled up every the men's leisure hours in spite of the efforts of the priest on his bi-monthly visit. And, though we have greatly improved, pigs and chickens still roam at will into the garden-patches of the more orderly citizens who dare not rouse the anger of their celtic owners by ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B32_F17_p085.jpg) protests, and the gaily dressed flock of our Catholic and Methodist pastors go home to shiver in the frail unplastered clapboard shanties they live in contentedly from year to year, while the husbands and brothers spend evening after evening in the whiskey shops, seeming to have but little companion- -ship with their women-folk, while The cultivation of our land is of the rudest, for we have not yet last that first rough pioneer popu- lation who merely scratch the soil for a slender harvest In Utah the settlers seem to have come from a class used to home-comforts. If they have not yet been able to emerge from the log-cabin with its mud-roof into the cosy adobe, you still find the logs whitewashed inside find such a home as the one we found ourselves in at Scipio. I will describe it as it was a type of many I saw afterwards. Arizona if it had had a swarm of these tame trees put down in sufficient number — wisdom of letting them hive honey — As I have said, it was a one-roomed log cabin with an enclosed shed, or "leanto" behind. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B32_F17_p086.jpg) 13 Filmore July 7 Leaving Scipio our next days journey carried us to Fillmore, the county seat of Millard; both names given out of gratitude by the Mormons to a man who treated them fairly when they risked being improved off the face of creation. They had neither silver nor gold nor shares in mines railroads or other corporations to "tip" him with, but in those days statesmen were not in the market, and the benefits they conferred were given without Millard Fillmore's town and county represent no money value to him, but the recorded gratitude of a people is worth something to a man when the days draw near in which he reckons up his deeds as they will appear in the light of Heavenly Wisdom eyes of posterity when he is gone. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B32_F17_p087.jpg) plain surrounded by peaked mountains. It is on a knoll or rising ground: and is rapidly increasing in growth and prosperity. Everywhere the rude first buildings are giving way to brick houses, which are substantial and very comfortable to the inhabitants, but far from picturesque. To my eyes, used to Philadelphia brick, they had an unfinished look, but I suppose they will mellow down with age to a pleasanter hue. My first visit there was so entirely occu- -pied with Kanosh the Pahvant Chief and his band that I scarcely saw my hostess, we "squaws" being expected at least to hold our tongues if we were not working for our lords' benefit. Kanosh inter- -ested me very much and I can scarcely forbear telling his story, but I cannot pretend to myself that it has anything to do with ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B32_F17_p088.jpg) when we emerged from Round Valley before descend- -ing into the Pahvant Country we looked back upon a grand view; We caught silvery gleams here and there of the Sevier passing to its mysterious grave in the desert; the nearer mountains were devoid of snow, black and frowning, but on the far horizon the sun lit up a number of snowy peaks, Mt Nebo still visible highest of all and beautiful as a dream. Then we came to Cedar Springs, a place on the "Bench," looking out over the a plain that was considered worth being called ranche ground till it melted away into the Sevier desert pure and simple. The little settlement was buried in fruit trees and seeing them reminded me to expect a great deal of Fill- -more of whose orchards I had often heard. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B32_F17_p089.jpg) As we drove up to the house where we were to stay, we noticed some Indians loitering about the gate, and after a decent interval allowed us to rest and refresh ourselves, K. received a formal visit from Kanosh, Chief of the Pah-vant Indians, into whose country we had now entered. Kanosh, an old acquaintance of 1858, came to be pitied for the decay of his Tribe — to ask what the real amount of gifts or annuities allotted him by Govern- -ment, or whether he was cheated out of them by the U.S. agents — and to implore that he might not be deported to the Uintah mountain reservation. There ws something prepossessing in the ap- pearance of Kanosh and his younger brother Hang-a- -tah. (the "Red Blanket") but I cannot say as much for their friends. Kanosh says he is "forty and eight" but judging from his white moustache seems older. His eye is very bright and he has the penetrating look of a business ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B32_F17_p090.jpg) was a strip of leather studded with such tin tacks as are on horses' head-stalls. But his immobility disappeared just as he was leaving the room when his eye was caught by his image in the glass. He advanced to it with amusingly unconcealed admiration and remained posturing before it till the last of the party left the room. I do not intend to report Kanosh's set speech though it struck me as decidedly clever. My hus- -band made him dictate a statement in his own words which I took down in my pocket diary. He signed it after making three persons read it to him to be sure I was not cheating him. "One snow-time since I got blankets: no flour, no meat beef but a little last spring: no flour; no wheat; no oats; no corn; no bullets; no see nothin gbut Dodge: talk heap talk: wein[-] pesharrony, katz yak — good talk but no give." Kanosh mark. Fillmore Dec 17. 1872 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B32_F17_p091.jpg) Kanosh a [-] sharp eyed Indian of about 50, with a white mustache [---]ed man. He wore a A black driving robe over his left shoulder setting off a dark blue uniform coat with bright brass buttons. He wore buckskin leggings and moccasins, and had a neatly trimmed white moustache on his dark face. Hang-a-tah made no effort at white costume. He was a handsome aquiline nosed Indian about thirty six years old, but sat almost asleep in the cheering warmth of the fire, cough- -ing a regular grave-yard cough from time to time. Most of is to sitting over fires coughing> the braves squatted on the floor, but of those who occupied chairs two were noticeable. Opposite me, next to Hang-a-tah sat One who felt himself a beau. He wore a red flannel shirt over his buckskins to which various ornamental tags and buttons were attached. This fellow kept stretching his legs and admiring them alternately, yawning to show his teeth, affecting to go to sleep and awaking with a start — all in order to attract the attention of the white squaws. Just beside him sat a very ugly young warrior indeed, who regarded his demonstrations with silent contempt, from beneath his coarse black locks. His one decoration ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B32_F17_p092.jpg) (After Nephi) 10½ or meeting place there. We parted with our friends at Nephi with real regret. We left there at five o'clock in the frosty starlit morning, or rather we K's were roaming about the garden at that hour. The Presidential party was so large and there was always some one or other so unpunctual that the cortege rarely started within an hour after the time appointed The gray dawn was doing its best to pierce through the fro rime on our carriage windows when we were fairly started. This was the first very long day's journey and the children began to tire of it and to wish themselves back at Nephi before the sun had gained warmth enough to thaw our the glass of one side of our carriage I had resources against ennui however, and in spite of their indignant ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B32_F17_p093.jpg) 97 protests that they were on a party of pleasure, I speedily "put them through their facings" in the multiplication <[---]> table. And then from a corner in my travelling bag out came their spelling and reading books. A short lesson did neither of them any harm, and did our invalid good, for the monotonous experiences of "Jonas on a Farm" put him into a sound sleep. Then my boys must needs produce their little pocket diaries, and begin to recording their adventures in zig-zag characters . But of this they soon tired . Will's ideas came far more fluently than his pen, and Evan complained that the spaces provided for each day in his journal seemed only made he thought, for people who had nothing to do in their lives. "Yes," Willie chimed in," They would just do for ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B32_F17_p094.jpg) a prisoner who has nothing to say, but "Monday Dark and very cold. Tuesday, Dark and very hot." So the diaries were tucked away under the cushions, and by this time the day was warm enough to let the glasses down and look out. All the first part of the day there was little to interest us. The plain spread out as the day before. Wide wild and open to the air <"grassy wild & bare,> Which has built up everywhere An under roof of doleful gray. No more teams for Pioche in sight. Far ahead of us a slight cloud of dust indicated President Young's carriage seen across the desert like the smoke of a steamer at sea, while the other carriages of the party lagged equally far behind us in the heavy sand. I took up Mr. William Hickman's Confessions and read until an exclamation of ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B32_F17_p095.jpg) 99 delight from the children caused me to look up. We had come to Chicken çreek, where there was a large pond fed by springs. at which we watered our horses. The stream rushed out from the pond cutting its way round the side of a hill falling and leaping down many feet, its banks all fringed with stalactites of ice. The sun pierced through the clouds, and sparkled on the water, and the children, with little Mabel descended and rushed over the hilly ridge as if wild with delight. We old people strolled soberly along until the horses were ready. Hickman says his victim Then we began to climb the ascent which separates the Juab from the Sevier Valley, and from the summit looked back over the sunlit plain with Nebo still towering over all the other mountains on the horizon. Then down one long slow descent I expected this subject wd. be attended to on our walk, but it was not ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B32_F17_p096.jpg) 100 after another till we came to the Sevier river and halted at the crossing. This river makes takes its rise not very far from where it sinks again after describing a course somewhat like an eye. I mean the eye of a hook and eye. It sinks in the Sevier Desert, but part of its course running through the Sanpete Country where Joseph A. Young an or- -ganising new settlements. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B32_F17_p097.jpg) The river is sometimes fordable at this point but there is now a good wooden bridge a few huts are burrowed partly under the hillside, and there is a whiskey shanty on the further bank by which some Pioche teams had halted, when we drew up on the hither side. The horses were unyo unharnessed to rest and feed, and we walke about until we were satisfied that there was nothing to see, when we returned to our carriages, and lunched on the bountiful provisions the good Mistresses P. had furnished for us. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B32_F17_p098.jpg) On leaving Nephi some one had thrust a book into the carriage which proved to be Bill a work entitled "Brigham Young's Destroying Angel, Being the Life, Confessions and Startling Disclosures of the Notorious Bill Hickman. Written by Himself." I amused and instructed myself with this work for some time. In its pages I read that my gentle looking host of the preceding v at Nephi had helped Mr. Hickman to murdering a party of six men; aided also by the gentleman who had pressed our dining <[--] to d[---]> with him the preceding day, and whose wife's savory fried chickens had been so highly extolled by those of our party who had accepted his hospitality. Mr. Hickman <[---]s all what his> says they buried two of their victims with stones tied to their feet in the one of the very clear "bottomless springs" had been looking at the day before. And our noon halt was to be made at the spot where the mur- -derous assault was first begun, and two others killed. Mr. Hickman's account is <[-]> circumstantial, and he certainly does not avoid blackening himself in the attempt to dam others. What a curious feeling it was to read Hickman's book in the company of the man whom it was written to accuse of of a series or revo murders; a man even now under bail for a heavier amount than ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B32_F17_p099.jpg) was exacted of Jeff Davis. I suppose that Hickman's testimony might have carried great weight with a jury, if he had not discounted the sensation by this publication. whose monstrosity is its best refutation. I doubt whether the authorities will ever try Brigham Young. It <[---]> was generally believed last year that he was running away with the intention of forfeiting his bail; and our Southern trip was supposed to be the first stage of his journey. But he had constant telegraphic communication with Salt Lake City and would have returned instantly if upon an intimation that his case was coming on for trial. The year before, his prompt return travelling night and day to disconcerted official Justice I fancy. I did not believe the truth of what I had been It was a curious commentary on the sanguinary character of the Mormons as described by Hickman, that he is living among them still: indeed, He was at Nephi just before our visit there. Although I did not believe one word of the truth of his accusations, yet I felt myself colour with a feeling of treason that I wronged the kind people about me, when our carriage halted at the Sevier Crossing, and I caught myself instinctively looking ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B32_F17_p100.jpg) for the brushwood where Hickman said the victims tried to hide themselves, and at the swift river into which he murderers threw three of them. After our dinner, we toiled on all the rest of the day until after darkness set in with no other adventure than that of seeing the four horses in a heavy white covered wagon take fright and, dashing down the rocky road just missing President Young's carriage, rush up a canon down which we could hear them crashing over the rocks; We had seen enough of our friend "Lo" to know who would be the wreckers of that cargo. when it broke to pieces. It was nearly dark when we reached our halting place for the night Scipio ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B32_F17_p101.jpg) 113 12 Transfer to St George as a Christian sister! Such a woman however, would be as unfair an specimen to select as a specimen of "Gentile" women as the energetic and active Mrs J. would be of Mormon women. Ill health or indolence, and cheerful activity are peculiar to neither But a faith that animates the whole being, enabling that a woman to be cheerful in spite of adverse circumstances industrious in spite of the natural languor of ill-health loving God and man and showing it by charity in word and deed; this faith, I thank God, is also pecu- -liar to neither. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B32_F17_p102.jpg) We parted with Mrs Young at the Sevier Crossing, the morning after, and as we looked back upon the group just setting out over ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B32_F17_p103.jpg) were all snow-covered at this time, and that the plains of which she spoke would soon be a grassy sea, of abounding in beautiful flowers. It was hard to realise, they looked so barren <2> wanting the softening effect of trees, <1> both times we halted at the Sevier crossing. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B32_F17_p104.jpg) A better instance to compare would be that of a Mormon woman who was sinking under the burden of care aggravated by ill-health. Such a one was L. — (Let me christen her Louisa) with whom I became intimately acquainted. I do not think any Christian woman would say that she was not one. Let me tell her little story, and judge for yourselves whether you have a stone to throw at her. I know among you, dear Christian women, so many parallel cases, whose bodies are willing victims on the altar of marriage because you are taught to believe that it is your duty. I don't say it isn't: the question will not be solved in my day, nor until women-physicians and women-teachers gain courage to give us their reading of the law of God. While it is only interpreted to us by men, they will bring before us ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B32_F17_p105.jpg) When we halted, I looked out to see the other carriages. Prest. B. Young's was on the right hand of ours. I presumed they were watering the horses. I sat on the left hand side of ours. Another one of our carriages was further to the left, in the rear of ours. I was leaning out to look back and see who was in it when a stage coach intercepted my view and rolled up alongside of our carriage. The front wheels passed ours, and the hind wheels would have done so, but that a swerve was given to the stage that carried it closer and made its hind wheel strike the projecting box of our front wheel roughly. I thought it was done on purpose, for a piece of mischief, and exclaimed half aloud "Why, the fellow!" meaning the stage driver. I looked up, thought the inside passengers — some red faced men — looked amused. I supposed they had been drinking with the driver, and that he pleased ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B32_F17_p106.jpg) them by showing off an insult to the Mormons: not knowing that we were the only people in the com- -pany who were not Mormons. It was a decided swerve, I do not think it was accidental; that is, if the driver was sober. E. D. Kane ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B32_F17_p107.jpg) In the evening Kanosh made a formal visit to K. accompanied by several members ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B32_F17_p108.jpg) Fills An abrupt descent into and out of the bed of Chalk Creek brought us into Fillmore. I ought to have been impressed by Fillmore, formerly the Territorial Capital: I ought to have been reminded of the fact by the big red sandstone <"granite"> building we passed where the Legislative Assembly used to assemble : I ought to have some idea of the size and population of the town; its manufactures, and so forth. I vaguely remember the big red building, I remember perfectly two Honestly: this is what I remember. The place was on a rising ground backed above the plain and backed by peaked mountains. I remember that I saw the big red building, I noticed into new cockney looking villas in process of erection, having tower bow window, verandah, dormer windows, recessed porch and broken roof: features enough to weary the eye without allowing it to rest on a yard of unbroken surface; I remarked the contrast with the house where we halted, where the windows were à fleur de lête, and the eaves projected scarcely six inches beyond the dull unpointed brick walls; the only attempt at orna- -ment being given by the hideous landscaped on the painted window shades. Some Indians lounged against the fence, kicking the dust lazily And I remember The mistress stodd in the doorway a large loosely-built matron <"standing with reluctant feet"> on the uninteresting border land between middle and old age. She rather made way for us to enter, than welcomed us into her house. We found the parlour in keeping with the exterior of the house, and heated almost to suffocation by ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B32_F17_p109.jpg) a large sheet iron stove — My hostess and her husband were among the first settlers in Fillmore. Their children were all married and settled away from them, and she complained wofully of the troubles of housekeeping unaided: including by inference among that of entertaining myself. While she I heartily wished her relieved of it. When she came in to announce that our meal was served, she found the parlor full of company. Several Mormons had come in to visit K. among others one who acted as sub-agent Two Indians emboldened by his presence had followed him like privileged dogs, and when we rose to move into the dining room they manifested an intention of accompanying us. I looked helplessly at Mrs __ who rose a hundred per cent in my estimation by their tact <& kindness> she showed. She said a few words in Indian which re-seated the Indians made the fellows at once squat down again, huddling their blankets round them with a pleased look their faces had not yet worn. I a I asked her what she had said; it was "These strangers came first and I have only cooked enough for them, but your meal is cooking now, and I will call you as soon as it is ready." She fulfilled her promise and I saw them eating at her table when we had finished our meal. These Pah-vants, she said, could behave themselves at table with as much propriety as Mormons: indeed many of them are Mormons, Pao Kanosh among the number. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B32_F17_p110.jpg) July 16 The sun was sinking when we reached Cove Creek Fort and drove in under the archway. and see how lonely a place we were in the Fort> It lay in a volcanic basin, they say the crater of an extinct volcano. All round it were oddly peaked, ragged looking mountains glowing in purple and gold, looking no more substantial than the cloud mountains of sunset with wh[-] they mingled. Further on the road we were to travel next day, some wagons were en- -camped, their supper fires already kindled. At the foot of a hill near by a solitary thread of smoke beside a single "wick-i-up", as the Utes call their skin lodges—showed where lay a young Indian who had shot himself in the thigh the day before. All Round the fort were fields with very yard its haystacks surrounded by a stockade. Our teams ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B32_F17_p111.jpg) were being led in, to the discomposure of some cows who had a proprietary air, as they moved reluctantly aside to let the intruders enter. The smoke of their warm breath made a little cloud in the cold frosty air. There was a broad sheet of ice to recross before re-entering the Fort, and I wondered whence the water came, as I saw none near. The Fort has a gray stone walls pointed with white, about thirty feet high, adorned with tall chimneys North & South; and with two great gateways opening East and West. Over one is inscribed "Cove Creek Fort Ranche 1867. Entering the large courtyard we found it filled with our vehicles. Six doors opened to the North, giving admission to large comfortable bedrooms. I was not sorry to see a magnificent pitch pine fire blazing on the ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B32_F17_p112.jpg) 108 the snowy plain for their remote settlement I felt profoundly sad. The elegantly-dressed young creature, with her baby clasped in her arms seemed no less proud of it than happy her husband did of her. Yet it seemed a desolate prospect for her to journey over that lonely country to a rough new settlement among the savages, and her gentle manners and refined ways made one feel for what she must undergo. She has trouble too, having married one of Brigham Young's sons and being an earnest Mormon herself, while her father and mother having left the Church and Utah, are among the most eloquent antagonists of Mormonism. She seemed entirely contented, and praised her new home as much as if it had been in one of our sweet forest valleys, instead of the dreary valleys of Utah. K. reminded me that our valleys too ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B32_F17_p113.jpg) were all snow-covered at this time, and that the plains of which she spoke would soon be a grassy sea, abounding in beautiful flowers. It was hard to realise, they looked so barren wanting the softening effect of trees. But what can atone in a landscape for the absence of trees! ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B32_F17_p114.jpg) hearth in mine, for the Fort is <6000? — I forget how many ungenial feet> 6000 ft above tide, and the night was very cold. Our room was very nicely furnished, and looked very cosy that winter night as we drew our chairs up around the little table which had a number of well chosen books upon it. The children were pleased to recognise another of the pretty pink fringed linen table covers of which so many had already greeted us on our journey, and wondered whether the "Co-Op" had bought a large invoice from Claflin that we found them thus broadcast through the Territory. It made us feel New York quite near us. We were summoned to supper on the other side of the Fort, where a similar range of rooms was devoted to cooking, telegraphing and stores. We supped in the telegraph office ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B32_F17_p115.jpg) 99 Scipio. not be already in possession. Two friendly rocks however interposed on either side the canyon and halted the frightened horses, and our party jogged quietly on till we reached Scipio. Scipio, or Round Valley, is the poorest and newest of the settlements we stopped at, and has been much troubled with Indians. The Mormons say — "troubled with Indians" as we would "troubled with Mosquitoes." No one had been killed there for four years back, though cattle had been driven off that year, we were told. The Bishop came riding out to meet us, a handsome kindly-faced man, on a horse that moved K's admiration. We were taken to the house of his second wife, a little one-roomed log cabin with a lean-to behind ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B32_F17_p116.jpg) June 30 11 There all the cooking was done. The room was given up to us. Its main glory consisted in a wide chimney place, on whose hearth a fire of great pine logs blazed that sent a ruddy glow over the white-washed logs of the wall and canvas ceiling, and penetrated every corner of the room with delicious light and warmth. There was a substantial bed- -stead in one corner, and curtains were tacked from the ceiling round it as if it had been a four-poster, of old-fashioned chintz, and a neat patchwork spread counterpane covered the soft feather bed. A good rag carpet was on the floor, clean white curtains in the windows and clean white covers edged with knitted lace covered the little bracket shelves that supported Bible, Book of Mormon, work-basket, looking glass, and a few [-] simple ornaments. Two or three coloured prints hung on the walls. Then there was a ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B32_F17_p117.jpg) Mr Liston — says of candle-bush. It has an Indian name. is a great remedy for gravel. Hamblie very ill — Tetsegub a "visionary" went: got some candlebush biled all night in brass kettle gave to drink in morning outlet in 20 min: never attacked again must have been in '58 or '57. Beaver Dam Thomas recollects you: he lives here Rufus Allen too he is now on the Muddy Mike tigh-a-buh Friend; how dije do Huntingdon "tig-a-boo-friend-" "I said Mike-e-neah" It was as usual Party — Co ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B32_F17_p118.jpg) 56 by hunger, and of the carefully measured portion that had been meted to each member of the household being again subdivided to share a portion with the hungry bachelor guest Mrs Mary had not remained long in the Salt Lake Valley. Theirs was one of the first families detailed to establish the Salt Creek, now Nephi, settlement, and the crumbling adobe wall we had passed was that of the fort in which they used to take refuge from the Indians. Yes We moved our log house twice on account of the Indians, "said Mrs. Steerforth, turning to K, "we were living inside the forst when you came through to make the peace." A neighbour sitting by, now reminded K. that he too had not met him before, twenty odd years ago at Sarphy's trading post, and again at Cedar Springs in '58 when he went through Utah in disguise, and that he travelled with him then for two weeks. He was a handsome, stalwart fellow, and told me that he had been a member of the battalion K. raised among the Mormons for the Mexican War. Poor fellows: they marched from the Missouri to Califronia — as far as I could gather following very nearly the line now proposed for the South Pacific RR. and, the war ending in the meantime were dis- ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B32_F17_p119.jpg) 57 Wife -charged after being in the service twenty months, at a point away down near Los Angeles, whence they found their way with great difficulty to the Mormon settlements, Many of them found that their wives and children had perished on the way through the wilderness in their absence; others had struggled to the end and welcomed the footsore wayfaring returning soldiers to tiny homes. This man had helped to raise the first United States flag in California, on the old castle of Los Angeles, he said. They had a pole of trees spliced together that was a hundred feet long. They dragged it seventy-five miles. He hoped then that [--] would be a blessing to the notions; wanted all to share its benefits. He had always loved and served the United States, and felt that by this time — he was about fifty — he ought to have a citizen's rights. Yet he had never voted for a President; because their religious views prevented their being accepted as a State, when other Territories with a less population had been. Indignant Protest of Mormon loyalty He wished to appeal to me for my opinion, but I preferred the waived any political discussion, and changed the subject ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B32_F6_I1_p001.jpg) All the "Gentiles" here are crazy about the Mines. If I only had the money we put into our RR. I'd be crazy too. S. L. City Dec. 4th 1872 My dear Sashy, I was growing anxious about you, when your nice letter came yesterday. I hope Aunt Mabel won't make you so happy that you won't want to return! I wish you would say in your next, what your classes are in the school, that I may understand the difference. Is it smallest boys Primary, next B. 1, next B. 2, or B2 first then B1., then A. 2 then A.1? I have great reason to be thank- -ful, tell Uncle John, that your Father was here when the news of Greeley's death came. He has had so many people to see him and so much to hear that he has been unable to stop to think of the loss, and when there is no one here he has me writing what we hear that is worth remembering, and takes ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B32_F6_I1_p002.jpg) great interest in it. He has walked out a little way several times without his crutches, and has taken some drives. I have had several, too. Yesterday the boys and I took an airing alone in the "royal carriage" to the sulphur spring. I enclose for you a little book which an Indian inter- preter gave me. He has spent every morning this week talking to me. If I am not converted it won't be for want of preaching to "Sister Kane." Tell Uncle John that our fondest wish couldn't exceed the realisation so far of the improvement in Father. He eats, and sleeps, and laughs, and I feel so thankful. As to Bir. he has taken a start, is as freckled as Uncle John used to be when he was a boy, and eats till he is ashamed. He and Willie roam all over the city, and came home the other day full of having been called "Gentiles" by Mormon boys. Love to Aunt Mabel and the children. Your loving Mother ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B32_F6_I2_p001.jpg) 7 Decr 5th 1872 My dear Harry, Nothing new has happened since I wrote. I took the boys a walk yesterday, and stood by while they looked in every shop window as long as they liked. They enjoyed it more than I did, but it was an offering to you. If I am spared, we are all going to a dinner party tomor- -row at "Brother Staines'" as Willie gravely says. Willie pointed to the cupola of the City Hall. "There's where Thomas L. is going to take me." "There, Willie! You're dreaming! Father never could get up the stairs." "Oh," says Will, "I mean Thomas L. Kane Little. They call him Thomas L. at home." ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B32_F6_I2_p002.jpg) [Column 1] A lamp exploded when we were at dinner the other day in the room next to mine. An opposite neighbour saw the flames, and broke into the room. The first thing we saw was a blaze reaching to the ceiling, and an old gen- -tleman sprang up from his seat, and carried out a little dressing table that was covered with blazing oil, and threw it into the street though it burned his hands severely. The rest of the fire was soon put out. I had a call today from some of the people who go South with us. I guess it will be quite an expedition like the one in the photographs John Young gave us. Every one here, except the Mormons, [Column 2] is wild about the silver mines. and some of the younger Mormons who are settled in wild places find themselves owners of silver mines they never dreamed of. Many large fortunes are made but many speculators lose all they invest. Your loving Mother ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B32_F6_I3_p001.jpg) Sunday Dec 7/72 Dear Elisha. We have had clear weather nearly all the time. On Friday we all went to party at Mt. Staines. When we were thare he showed us a plant which he called a Resurrection plant. It was all drayed up into a little brown ball. Then he put it in water and in half an hour it was as big as a plate. mo On Friday morning Mr. Young took Willie and me to see his Museum. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B32_F6_I3_p002.jpg) [Column 1] This afternoon Willie and I went up on the hill to see a grate big over shot water wheel. The water benn been turned off as it was Sun- day. We went to church this morning. Dear boy, This will be your last news of us probably for some time. If all goes well we are to start on Wednesday for a trip to the extreme South of the Territory with the prospect of remaining there at St George for six weeks at least. We go in carriages, with bag- -gage waggons following, and will be twelve days on the road. We means the Prophet, his youngest wife, and a number of other people [Column 2] the best in the Territory. It is a sort of Royal Progress in a primitive King -dom with Father for Queen of Sheba! Give my dear love to Uncle John and Aunt Mabel. Faather sometimes thinks he is run down with callers, but I am sure it does him good, and it does me good to "see my bairn respeckit." Farewell my darling boy. Live so that you may be able to look us in the face, and God bless you. Your loving Mother Keep for me the enclosed which I cut out of a paper. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B32_F6_I3_p003.jpg) P. S. Monday Your very nice letter of the 3rd just received. I enclose $5. which you will buy something for Aunt Mabel's children for Christmas with ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B32_F6_I4_p001.jpg) Read this letter yourself. Grandfather & your aunts can read it, and then let it go straight to Elisha who can show it to Uncle John, but I don't want it to go the rounds by way of Phila and do not let anybody allude to this or any of my letters in their answers Salt Lake City Decr. 7/72 My dear Harry, I was at my first Mormon dinner party yesterday. At three the "President's" carriage, with Mrs Amelia Young, the youngest wife, called for the boys and me, and returned afterwards to take up Father and Mr. B. Y. We were to dine at Mr. Staines' house, (a hump- backed man with a very kind expression.) Mr. Staines nursed Father when he was sick in S. L. C. at the time he came to make the peace, and therefore Father accepted his invitation though he declined all others. As we came from the depot the day we arrived Pres. Young had pointed out Brother Staines's pretty West Philadelphia—looking villa, and when, yesterday, we turned up towards the houses on the first slope—the "foot-hill" of the mountains I was just about to re- mark that we were surely going a very roundabout way. I recollected however, as I opened my mouth, that perhaps, as ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B32_F6_I4_p002.jpg) the phrase is here only "part of his family" reside there. Poor Bro: Staines family is all wives, no children, and when I saw him sitting at the foot of the table, with two wives at the foot, I couldn't help thinking of "Baby" Evan's deformed rooster with his two little hens! The house we dined at was a different one: quite small but very pretty; on the slope of the hill overlooking the city, and facing the grand mountains. I never saw such a lovely place as this is! From the top of the foot- -hills which run along the base of the mountian ([-]s in our RR. cut a little sloping bank of sand is formed at the foot of the cut steep cutting by the crumbling away of the earth) from these foot-hills, you see on one side, far off, the steel-blue Lake, and beyond it the Oquirrh mountains, and nearer the plain full of farms; and in front the wide streets of the city-village lined with trees, and each house set in its own orchard plot, the whole softened from the dazzling brilliancy of the mountains and lake, by the soft hues of the leafless trees, and the light blue smoke curling from every house. On the other side, and much closer rise the Wahsatch range of mountains which sweep round to melt in the distance with the Oquirrh. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B32_F6_I4_p003.jpg) The snow never wholly leaves these mountains, and since we came here they have never looked alike any two hours, changing in hue as the day changed from sunrise to moonrise, and as the skies varied from clear to gray, and the clouds rose above, or rested half way down them. Yesterday afternoon as I looked out of Mr. Staines windows there had fallen a fresh covering of pure white snow on the Oquirrh mountains, and they were glittering in rose and gold and white, while the Wahsatch were rugged and brown with patches of snow in the ravines. Mr. Staines' house stands in a large garden where the flowers still show some green in their stems, though you must remember we are 5000 ft up in the world here. The house has a high basement where we dined. There is on the first floor a lightsome square hall, a bedroom where we took off our things; and I suppose a small one behind, judging from the shape of the house, and beyond the hall a cosy little parlor. Everything was tiny, but in good taste and as fresh and clean as the eye. Mr. and Mrs Staines ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B32_F6_I4_p004.jpg) met us in the porch. She looked about forty, not pretty but rather pleasant-looking, good features, black wavy hair and dark eyes. She wore a gray Irish poplin with a rose coloured cravat and bow of the same colour in her hair. She welcomed us cordially, and took us into the bedroom to put off our wrappings, and then, apologising for the necessity of her going down to super- -inted her dinner, she led us into the parlour and vanished, while Mr. Staines again went through the ceremony of introduction to "Mrs Staines." This time it was a young woman of about twenty- -eight, whose manner to the other Mrs Staines and to her husband was like that of an adopted grown up niece. She had a good-tempered insignificant face her nose having so little character that its expression was completely swamped by the portentously impressive chignon she wore. I felt as if it ought to be turned towards us, and talk, instead of the childish mouth. However, she made herself very pleasant, and her slight ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B32_F6_I4_p005.jpg) Scotch accent was pleasant to my ear. She came from Kilmarnock, twenty years ago. Mrs Young the children and I were there for some time before the other guests, B. Y. and Father, and Brother Jennings and wife, arrived. The latter pair are vulgar rich English, dropping their "hs" recklessly. One hears drop- ped "hs" everywhere here, there so many English. Some do it no oftener than Mr. Bell or your Uncle Lawrence Heyworth, some as often as Mr. Hadfield or Dick Looker. Our boys behaved beautifully. They were very nicely dressed in sailor suits, with little cravat bows, and brand new shirt collars, the stiffness of which delighted their hearts, gay striped stockings and pretty shoes, and blue kid gloves—once given to their Mamma in those early days when Father fancied it was an amiable distrust of her own powers that led her to decline attempting to wear No 6. kids. Mr. Staines devoted himself to them. He and the wife in gray have travelled extensively and brought ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B32_F6_I4_p006.jpg) home quantities of curiosities from South America and California, and stereoscopic views from everywhere. I coveted a photograph of the gateway of Glasgow Univer- -sity for my father. Mr. Staines planted in a dish of water before we went in to dinner a scrubby little brown ball. When we returned to the parlour it had already spread out delicate brown fronds over all the plate, and kept unrolling as we watched. This is the "resurrection plant" of California. I know "Granther" Wood will like to know what we had for dinner. First, let me say the table- -cloth was exquisitely fine, and the silver and glass both good in quality and beautifully kept. There were certain little peculiarities in the table-service, rendered necessary by the deficiency of waiters. They had a young timid girl, and Mrs Staines the lady of the house had to help her. I noticed that each guest removed the lid of the dish opposite, and helped his neighbours in a quiet way that showed it was the custom. The President gave us a tremendously long grace though good in its matter. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B32_F6_I4_p007.jpg) Each one's bread and little pat of butter, and glass of icewater stood by the plate side, and there were saucers for the vegetables. This is Yankee, but the cooking was the best English. First came clear gravy soup. Next, roast beef with a garnish of horse-radish, roast turkey, raw and stewed tomatoes, green peas, corn, celery, sweet and Irish potatoes, all of the very finest. The peas tomatoes and corn had grown here and been put up in bottles by the lady of the house. The dessert was mince-pie, plum- -pudding, wine jelly, plum cake, jelly-cake, and tartlets of clear raspberry jelly. Two silver baskets of different kinds of grapes, and a dish of magnificent apples completed the repast. Now I've told you all the list because, including two kinds of grape wine, everything was the production of their own gar- -den. There were California figs, and mottoes, but I don't count them, and I don't mean that the mince-pies and plum- puddings grew on the premises:—but they were home- produce in the sense that Mrs Staines made them. The pudding was boiled thirty-six hours! She says she ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B32_F6_I4_p008.jpg) makes the puddings for the whole winter at once, and hangs them up in the garret to dry. Then as she needs them she takes one down, and gives it a little boil of four hours more to freshen it up. Willie made a modest little remark which was very acceptable to his hosts, about the apples which were artistically piled up with green and red ones alternating, crowned by a large red and yellow one. He said he could hardly think it natural. If he had seen it painted he should have said the artist had laid on too much paint. He was right, as to the effect. All fruits grow here wonderfully. They have currants as large as grapes, apples that have weighed 28 ounces, big English gooseberries, and yet exquisite peaches, apricots, nectarines, pears and grapes ripening under the same sunshine. Raspberries bear two crops, the second starting in the autumn on the young shoots of the spring, and bearing until the frost. We had plenty of talk down at our end of the table about these things. I sat opposite B. Y. on the right ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B32_F6_I4_p009.jpg) of Mr. Staines. There was some talk also about our journey. Mr. Staines is to go, and Mrs Amelia Young urged the elder Mrs Staines to go for her health. The younger one pressed her to go with affectionate earn- -estness. Fancy Cousin Margaret pressing Mamma, mine not yours, I mean, to go away for the winter with my Father. Latter-Day-Saints indeed, these women must be, or else little must they care for their hus- bands! The Mormons fancy the air is thick with disembodied Gentile spirits, angels who will serve the resurrected saints — and who are longing for "tabernacles." If it were true, and dead first wives came into the home-circle and saw their own children mingled with step-children, and the husband of their youth with "a young wife to whom he was very devoted." as one old Mormon lady said to me of hers,—could they bear it as coolly as these women seem to do! I couldn't! I saw an odd little scene today. Mrs Little No 2. sillin sweeping the parlour, while Mrs. Little No 1, ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B32_F6_I4_p010.jpg) an old lady, dandled Mrs No 2s baby in sight of her mother to keep it from crying. Fancy my dearly loved Cousin Becky amusing Cousin Maria's baby! Oh dear, what a queer world we live in! We were invited to go to the theatre after dinner, where some of the President's own daughters were to play with the professionals in Frou-frou. Father had bidden me decline beforehand. You know he is the one that never goes, and I felt like a hypocrite talking of my Presbyterian Scruples, and thinking how often I had accompanied Aunt Nelly! We returned home about eight. Among a number of documents sent us, is a catalogue for 1871 of the students in the University Guess how many were Youngs! Give it up? Thirty Eight! Your loving Mother. P.S. Don't forget that Elisha is to keep all the letters in small envelopes. You keep unopened the long enveloped ones. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B32_F7_I1_p001.jpg) Christmas Eve, 1872 My dear Children: I have been thinking so much of your being together at this time! Perhaps my letter may reach you before you part. Aunt Helen has written to invite Elish. to spend his Easter holidays with her, and if you can go there for a week or so I should like you to do so, as you and Harry might take walks and go to see picture galleries and so on, together. I found letters from you both here when we arrived last night. Here; is at St. George in Southern Utah, six miles from Arizona. Fancy what a pleasure it was! We ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B32_F7_I1_p002.jpg) had travelled 13 days in a carriage; yet I sat right down to read the letters aloud, before I washed one atom of the red desert dust off. Phew! how dusty we were! Aunt Helen, Grandfather, Harry and Elisha: how refreshing the letters were! We are most comfortably settled here for the winter months. A large parlor with three windows, and a nice bedroom opening from it, wh. has another door into the dining room are set aside for us. I don't know whether this great house be- -longs to the Church or not. We brought with us a black man from Phila whom the Pres: has provided to wait upon and cook for us, but he has rheumatism, and for the present we board with the family of Bishop Snow. They live in the house, but ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B32_F7_I1_p003.jpg) I don't know whether it is theirs. Mr. and Mrs Musser, Mr. Staines, and Bishop Sheets who were of our travelling party are here too. Our party travelled in six carriages, with six baggage waggons, so you can imagine we were quite a pro- cession, and we felt quite patriar- -chal when we halted and camped at noon. It seems so funny to hear the boys talk, without meaning to use traveller's words — as at their time of life I might have been tempted to do! — about the "sink of the Sevier" this or that "Cañon" — the "Rio Virgin" and the "Co-op." The "Co-op" is the familiar way of speaking of the "Co-op- -erative Store" of the place. At Mr. Little's in Salt Lake Ev. was greatly surprised by the number of his children. He said it was like the lines in "Alice", ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B32_F7_I1_p004.jpg) "And yet another four Till thick and fast they came at [---] All hopping to the shore." There were really only 15 living, but there had been 25. Think how much blessing for one man. Even the greatest baby-lover would have been obliged to remark that "Enough was as good as a feast!" Every morning and evening I hear you two prayed for, besides our own "bit sifflication" and it makes me feel very kindly to the people who pray so much. The dear father is just wonderfully well. Think of his riding for 13 days nearly all day long and being well at the end of the journey! By the bye, Harry—for recitation try Halleck's Marco Bozzaris, and in Whittier the "still stands the school house by the road," and "John Brown of Ossawottomie." Your loving mother. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B32_F7_I1_p005.jpg) 8 1 S. L. C. Decr. 11th/72 My dear Harry, I was up till one o'clock packing last night, as Father wished me to squeeze our belongings into three instead of four trunks, and to leave one here. The trunks were called for early this morning, as the baggage waggons start one day ahead. We are able to take the first day's journey by train, and are to start after a six o'clock breakfast. Our journey is to occupy twelve days! It will be quite a long time before you hear from us again. It is such a trip as we never could take under other circumstances. I do not know yet who are going, but there will be a large party. After reaching St George and resting from our journey, we are to go up the Rio Virgin. You have pictures of that, taken on a former journey of the President's." Yesterday morning Mr. Huntingdon, my inter- -preter friend was here as usual, but could not stay. "Tabby-[-]na" ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B32_F7_I1_p006.jpg) the successor of the great Ute chief Wah-ker, (with the account of whose burial rites Father horrified Aunt Tot) had come in to demand fifty dollars for one of his band killed by a white three months ago. Failing its receipt he was to declare war. Huntington gave me an account of B.Y's answer. "Say to him, that the Utes have killed a hundred of our men to one we have killed of theirs. Are they ready to pay for them? Tell him not to offer to make war on us, but if they choose it, come on, we are ready for them." Accordingly Tabby-una has gone off to bring out his war parties, and "there is to be trouble" at "San Pete" as the whites under the impression it is an old Spanish name call the Sanpitch country, an Indian name for a peculiar grass growing there. "How far from our route is that?" I asked of the President. "Oh, fifty to seventy miles off, they won't trouble us." Think of hostile Indians so near as that! He says when we get down to "Kanosh's" country he will send him over to talk to them. (I have ever so long histories, over which you will yawn, about these chiefs to read you) And now I have a very interesting thing to tell you about, our dinner party yesterday at the Lion ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B32_F7_I1_p007.jpg) House! I was tired out before I went, running errands and packing: I am afraid I was rather cross too! However the carriage came for us and carried us to the gate in the wall that admitted us into a paved courtyard in front of the Lion House. This Lion House is the one with so many gables, and the verandah below is a large glazed corridor on which the parlour windows look. B.Y. came out on the steps to meet us, and took us into a small sitting room on one side of the hall with a bedroom off where we could put our things off. Mrs Little No 1. was in there and offered her as- -sistance in our tiring arrangements. Then we went into the parlour on the left of the hall. The hall by the bye is very wide and long with a low ceiling, and all the furnishing is heavy, and old fashioned, with a snug comfortable oak-panelled, curtains and fire, and easy-chair sensation about it. There are two parlours one very large, the other about the length and twice the width of Grandfather's dining room. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B32_F7_I1_p008.jpg) 4 There were 8 or 9 present but I wasn't introduced to more than five at once As I came in, B.Y. came forward to introduce me to a crowd of ladies who all rose at once. That untimely and uncontrollable grin of mine twitched my mouth when I came to the fifth "My wife Mrs Young." However rescue came to my aid by a change to daughters, and of these he had all the married ones present who were in the city and well enough to be there. Short and tall, young and middle-aged, ugly and pretty; there were loads of them [-] I asked one of the old Mrs Youngs how many there daughters he had. She thought a good while, and finally said she couldn't quite tell—there were over twenty married. Another Mrs Young chimed in that he had fifteen grandchildren born last year, so that it wasn't easy to reckon up a family that changed so constantly. There were two wives of Brigham Junior's present, and two of the sisters were married to one husband, but for the rest most of the people had only one wife along. Mr. & Mrs Jennings (Number unknown) Mr. and Mrs Wells (ditto) Mr. & Mrs Staines (No 1) Mr. and Mrs Little (No 1) were the only guests. The rest ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B32_F7_I1_p009.jpg) as I said, were a selection from the family. When dinner was announced, Pres: B.Y. took his first wife by the hand, Tom and I followed, then the boys, and then all the rest, (husbands and wives — or a selection — walking in pairs), and we went down to the long dining room which was very much like a board- -ing-school one, except that no boarding school ever dis- -played such a feast. I sat on the President's right, his wife on his left, then Tom and then his eldest daughter Mrs Alice Clawson. The boys sat next to me but gave up their seats to a pair of late guests and went down to seats near the foot where B.Y. Jr. presided. After we had dined the table was filled again by the younger sons and daughters; but we were thirty in num- -ber. Mrs Amelia the youngest wife, and two elderly women (I don't think they were wives, but servants, though they addressed the family without any handle to their names) — waited on table, and Jno. W. carved for his father in a gentlemanly and quiet way that was beautiful— ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B32_F7_I1_p010.jpg) "Young Selby at the fair hall-board Carved for his uncle and that lord And reverently took up the word." John Young's manner of addressing his father is just the nicest in the world. And by the way our boys did behave just as well as children could, modest yet self-possessed, neither bold nor bashful, and asking no indiscreet questions. The first dish was oyster soup made with big frying oysters. I can't enumerate all the things. The dinner was plainer than Mr. Staines' and not so hot, but still a grand feast. Oh dear, I have to stop, there are so many callers. I have only time to say that before parting for the night, B.Y. rang a bell and the rooms filled with sons and daughters, and then every one knelt down to pray, "in the name of our Lord and Saviour Jesus Christ." He prayed God to bless "thy servant General Kane and his wife, his little children here and his son and daughter left behind "with all the blessings that he could think of. When we left, the family crowded after us in the hall, as we do after friends we love. Fancy your hosts bidding you farewell by the dozen! Your loving mother. Evy, Will and I have had our photographs taken for you & Sash. Mrs Young will forward them. Mine I thought awful but Father says it is very good. alas! alas! ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B32_F7_I1_p011.jpg) St George U.T. Jan 6/73 My dear Harry, I send by this mail a long envelope to Grandfather. It contains nothing private, merely a voucher for $93. for deposit in Bank. Tell him also that I have written to Mr. Field to remit him $200 before Feb. 1st of which $125. is for Miss Haines, the remainder is to pay for school-books, dressmaker's, and other expenses he has advanced for you, as far as it will go. I want you as you go for your walk today to ask the druggist for a copy of those recipes pre- -scriptions I sent you for your eyes: or if you have the originals send them to me in your next letter. It seems a long time since I heard from you, my pet. What do you think of our young gentlemen going to a party on Monday without us! And dancing ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B32_F7_I1_p012.jpg) three cotillions apiece! It seems so funny to hear Elisha talk of his shyness and see the coolness of these little chaps. Evan walks right up to an In- -dian and studies his paint. The Indians round here are quite pleased by his admiration. Evy asks every one right and left for autographs, and Master Will and he drop in at the blacksmith's and wheelwrights' shops, or join "President Young" with serene confidence that they are welcome. I have just found an immensely long letter that I wrote you from Nephi describing our journey down, and which I must have forgotten to mail. Did I ever tell you of our sleeping at Cove Creek Fort (you have a photograph of it) with Mr & Mrs Musser in the same room? Yesterday — but here Father sends for me to walk and I must mail this and be done with it. I am well, he is well, they are well: the air is heavenly the sky blue as it can be, the sunlight dazzling, the earth a blazing red, volcanoes as thick as hops, though extinct) Your loving Mother ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B32_F7_I1_p013.jpg) St George U.T. Jan: 19th 1873 My dear Harry, We have just seen your own and Elisha's accounts of your Christmas festivities. We have been to another ball. As a general rule "General Kane & Ladies" decline the invitations, but this one was given in father's honour. (I suppose the "Ladies" is the usual Mormon form adopted here by a slip of the pen, for the invitations to us generally run "General Kane wife and Sons.") Also we were at two dinner parties. We have thus you see had a dissipated week. We were also invited to a funeral, but didn't go. We had a drive of about fourteen miles, the cortege consisting of a "buggy" driven by Papa containing him- -self and President Young. (The horses required strong holding, and Papa's back has ached badly since) Then came a carriage containing Mrs Amelia, your mother, Evy and "Brother Oster" — the driver. Then one of ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B32_F7_I1_p014.jpg) their odd ambulance-like carriages, containing Pres: of this "Stake of Zion", Snow, Mr Lorenzo Young (BY's brother) Mr Staines and Willi[-] and Mr L. Young's son Joseph W. We drove through the Washington fields to Washington and back. These people have a tract of several miles fenced in and farm spots that are arable and "irrigable" in the "field." We passed one where the wheat was two or three inches high, others where they had ploughed harrowed and seeded; and Evy was delighted with permission to get down at a cotton field and pick off some stray bolls that were left. There were fields where the sugar cane had been growing, and some where luzerne had been. Of this last they cut four crops a year! The soil here is very red, but every now and then you meet a field, or see on the ruts in the road a thick white efflorescence. This is saleratus and is sometimes an inch thick. The water is slightly flavoured with it, and with Glauber salts, and when we drink it we mix it with "portable lemon- -ade." To go back to our drive. We twice forded the Rio Virgen, or as they call it here "the Ry-o-Virgin River". The first time the valley was wide and though the water flowed close under the bluff on one side it sparkled in ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B32_F7_I1_p015.jpg) several shallow channels in the broad bed. The other time it was in one narrow stream, over the hubs of our wheels, and just below the ford there were waves like those over a rock, that seemed to gather force for several seconds, and then combed over and sub- sided as our seventh sea wave does. These waves indicated a quicksand. They said teams would cross safely enough —if they didn't "stall"—, but several with their drivers have been swallowed up. Last spring a man who was moving down here, having a molasses mill in his wagon got his team stalled and the whole party, man, wife and two children, wagon and horses were swallowed up. As Evy remarked "She's a wicked Virgin, and a very dirty muddy one too!" We noticed that the fences which are of woven willow round cottonwood posts had taken root on either side the road in some places, like Robinson Crusoe's stockade and had grown into fine trees. Ten years growth has made trees as large as most of the New York shade trees ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B32_F7_I1_p016.jpg) We gathered quantities of fresh cress at a spring, and noticed the increased breadth and thickness of the fringe of grass along the "ceqs" short for acequias, or irrigating channels. What labour these people have put in here! $30.000 in day's works these St George men have put in their channels and fences, and the tormenting Virgin has overflowed her banks, broken away the tiny dams, and worn away her own bed so much deeper that many channels—"ceqs"— have to be dug over again. Here and there in the field were little "boweries" of woven branches for the men to rest in during the overpowering heat of summer noons.—We left the field at Washington after a drive of about seven miles through it, and drove along the half dry bed of a torrent, that used to be some ten feet above its present level. Its waters turn the wheel of the cotton factory. We went through it and saw the whole process from cleaning out the seed to the making of cloth and cotton thread, and also the whole process of working up wool into cloth. It is time for "meeting." Goodbye. Your loving Mother. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B32_F7_I1_p017.jpg) Tuesday March 18/73 My precious Tom, Our dear Biv's cold is so much better that he says he is perfectly well. But I thought it well to keep him quiet yesterday. I took him round the corner to Helen's only, and the Watts children drank tea here with our boys. Sa- bina and Uncle James dined here last night, and are well and kind to our Harry. She says Uncle James has taken her out to some place of amusement every week. Nell is better at once for having been put under doctor's treatment but still looks very weak. Her doctor wants her to go to Kane, and I should like to let her come paying her share of the expenses, if you have no objection, and her husband will let her. The [--]ll for prayers has just rung. I am going to try for Janney, but I ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B32_F7_I1_p018.jpg) hear she has gone to a place. The absence of any telegram is letting me down gently, but I hold to what I wrote by yesterday's mail. I am going to walk to school with Harry, thence to the Intelligence Office and thence to the School of Design with the boys. Tomorrow to the dentist. I can't help writing stupidly for the family are buzzing round me, and what you are doing and feeling is so much more interesting to me than what I am. Your loving Bess ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B32_F7_I1_p019.jpg) Feb 28th 1873 G. S. L. City! My dearest Harry and Elisha, Back again you see! What a journey we have had; plunging into winter as soon as we climbed to the top of the mountains above St George! We were very anxious as to whether Father could stand the journey, for the jarring against the hard volcanic rocks made him suffer so much on the first few miles of the journey that I feared he would have to give it up. However he perse- -vered and is really better than when he left St George. We had a splendidly soft bed for him in the carriage, and I had "Felix Holt" to read aloud when he found the journey too hard. Also we had an excellent, careful driver, but I doubt whether carriages ever made such a drive before. Some of the canyons had the snow three and four feet deep, and at other times, where the snow overlaid half frozen mud, we could hardly struggle along at all. One day we were ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B32_F7_I1_p020.jpg) seven hours and a half going eighteen miles. The carriages stalled repeatedly, and occasionally a horse varied the monotony by tumbling down. In the course of one morning we had to turn out of the road to avoid eight abandoned wagons that had settled down heavily in the "sloos". We set out with the President's splen- -did teams but they all got the epizootic and had to run along loose beside or following the procession until we came to Beaver where they were left to get well. We had to have relays of fresh horses twice a day, for the poor creatures would be utterly worn out in a few hours by the terrible pulling, and several outriders came beside us on horseback to help up with the wheels in cases of extremity. Yesterday when we had breakfasted at half past six, so as to ride the eighteen miles to Lehi by 12 where we were to meet the special train — we got into Lehi three minutes ahead of time — to find that the train was blocked up twelve miles ahead. So we had to pile in again, and drive to that place. We had to go over a place that made me hide my face in ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B32_F7_I1_p021.jpg) terror. The Jordan river flows so close to the mountain that the RR. is forced to follow the side- -hill at a point where you look sheer down 1000 feet. There is a carriage road inside the RR track, that is, closer to the mountain; but the drifts had piled up on it so that we had to go outside the RR. track, and the snow and mud being pretty deep, the carriages pitched and swayed in a manner that was very suggestive to those who remembered, as I did, passing the place in the cars and being shown the spot as one where several vehicles had rolled down. We reached the cars in safety however—a hundred men had been at work digging them out of the drifts, and we were soon speeding along towards the city in a special car. A number of friends had come to meet us and the buzz of conversation was like that at a large ball. Here we received the news of the passage of the Frelinghuysen bill by the Senate. I have suffered much the past week with neuralgia, settling finally in my jaws, and if I could spare them I feel like having eight or ten teeth drawn, for I can hardly sleep or ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B32_F7_I1_p022.jpg) eat. Father is getting so anxious to be home to see about his business affairs that I should not wonder if he started in a few days, as soon as the RRs are open, without going to Cali- -fornia at all. We now think of running to Phila first that we may know about Papa's business and see Uncle John to get his advice about his health. Then I want to get my chance to see my Harriet—and my dentist! And to ascertain whether the fair Janney will return to me or not. Father wants to be at Kane April 1st if he can. We found letters from you both awaiting us here Elisha's telling of a Lecture on Chlorine and the seeing Macbeth [-] enacted, Harry's, of going to a lecture and a reading and a Delmonico. The boys are well, and are at this present engaged in a game of Authors with some of the young children and grandchildren, Father is standing at the table poring over a book, I am sitting at another with a pile of apples & oranges in front of me to fill any vacant corners that may occur between breakfast lunch and dinner. Your loving Mother ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B32_F7_I2_p001.jpg) Nephi Juab Co: U. T. Decr. 15th 1872 My dear Harry, Halting for the first Sunday on our journey at the hospitable dwelling of Mr. Samuel Pitchforth I feel as if I could get very near to you by sitting down to write at my usual Sunday afternoon hour at home. I have scribbled a few notes of our journey to Provo in my black pocket book, and left off where I was describing the comfortable quarters we had at the President's house there. We went to bed very early, for when I took the boys upstairs we found warm water and a fire, and so indulged in the luxury of a good washing. There was some talk of the President's staying over one day to recruit: I asked Mrs Lucy Young whether she would not endeavour to per- -suade him to do so. "No," she said, "he would be inspired to do what was right, he was always guided by the Spirit in every action of his life." When she was first married, she said, she had thought frequently that her own opinion was as good as his, but whenever she had acted at variance with his ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B32_F7_I2_p002.jpg) expressed opinion she had found how wrong she was. So that she was perfectly easy to trust to his decision. This lady is the handsomest and most ladylike of the Mrs Youngs I have seen. Her hair is as gray as mine but her soft neck and cheek show no sign of age. She travels in a carriage immediately behind us with her own daughter Rhoda Mabel a fair-haired intelligent child of ten, and another daughter of the President's who is going for her health, Mrs Ettie Empy. The Pres:'s carriage containing himself, Mrs Amelia and a travelling clock goes first; next comes ours, there Mrs Lucy Young's then Mr Lorenzo Young's (the President's brother, wife his wife and son;) then two other carriages containing Mr Staines Bro Musser and wife, Bishop Sheets and our coloured man. I don't know how they arrange themselves. We The eldest Mrs Young told me before we left that it was a comfort to her now that she could no longer accom- -pany the President that she had Mrs Amelia with him who knew what he needed, and could wait upon him with so much assiduity. While he was so sick at Provo, Mrs Eliza jestingly remarked to K. as she bustled about her duties of housekeeping that it was the advantage of their system that while she was too ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B32_F7_I2_p003.jpg) busy to attend to him, he had others ready to wait upon him. I should not have been willing to be Martha while Mary took the pleasanter part! Much of the or- -dinary husband-and-wife love in our system is simply habit, and every one knows how much one misses a person whose daily life fits in with ours — just as you miss a waitress to whose performance of her duties you are used. Among Mormon households the master of the house cannot be much missed in its daily life, and the wife cannot rely upon him as her intimate counsellor as I do on Tom. As his father was sick, B.Y. Jr. prayed in the evening. Next morning his father was able to officiate. They do not read a chapter or two, but the whole household kneels at once, while the head prays aloud beginning always "In the name of thy Son our Saviour Jesus Christ, Father we ask" etc I think they do not say "if it be thy will," as we do, but simply pray for the blessings they want expecting they will be granted if that is best. Though I do remember B.Y. praying for the restoration and healing of the sick "if not ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B32_F7_I2_p004.jpg) appointed unto death." They do not spend half their prayer in "ascriptions". We We left Provo after a visit to the Presi- -dent's grand new woollen mills, just getting into operation. One of the two big mules was working making running 270 spindles. A young man from Kellyville was superintending, F. X. Loughery by name a nephew of old Charles Kelly. I am ashamed to say I don't remember very much about our eighteen mile drive. I didn't feel very well and perhaps that dulled my perceptions, I remember that a threatening cloud from the North gradually overspread the sky, blotting out the sunshine from the snowy peaks, and dimming the bright blue sky lake We reached Payson before dark, and were quartered in the house of Mr Douglas, a Scotch Irish man with a very ugly wife. The two parlours and our bedroom were prettily papered and furnished, but there was a formality about the hostess which made me feel very much less at home than I do here in the far more unpretentious house of Mr Pitchforth. Our drive yesterday was a twenty eight mile one, but seemed short. We looked our last at the lovely Utah Lake, and then climbed slowly up the side of the divide. The cobble-stone gravel over which we travelled with here and there a small pool of clear water can best be realised by going to any gravel pit, and then reducing yourself in imagination ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B32_F7_I2_p005.jpg) to the size of a fly. But then beyond this gravel pit and the shabby herbage rise magnificent mountains snow-capped, snow streaked, red streaked, speckled with cedars, variously coloured by the dead summer's growths shadowed by ravines and variations of rock dip and strike that rendered them always interesting, and grand in their sterile majesty. The pass we travelled through is probably a charming green valley plain in summer. Even now its sage-green was dotted with cattle. The scattered settlements looked poor and a little Irish compared to those we had seen. Yet when you came up you saw the little orchards all set out, and realised that in summer they would be very pretty. At Willow Creek I think it was we saw a very small picture that any artist would have delighted in, contained between a house and its barn, made up only of a clear rushing brook, a few gnarled cottonwoods, and a girl with a red neck shawl going for a pail of water. At Panyan Grove we stopped to water our horses near an uncomfortable looking farm. Our teamsters had kindled a fire, but oh such a cold rushing wind came down from Nebo's 12008 ft of height just above us! Nebo is still apparently close to us ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B32_F7_I2_p006.jpg) though the "little hills" we watched the two smokes on for the last hours of our journey as they crouched at Nebo's feet now rise up great mountains. The smokes changed last night into five bright fires — kindled by Indians they say We are near Tabby-una's country and know, though these good people don't, that Tabby has declared war. Now for notes — dreary gravestones in sage brush entering Nephi — "salt for sale" — must be Nephi — separate from Pres. party: ugly brown adobe — different colours of adobe, T. P. English res: Isle of man but Yorkshire — wives Hereford large rosy blue eyed — Yorkshire "lile scrat—" mother of 12, buried 5 — spent evening listening tales of trials here and en route: moved log house twice for Indians — only one citizen killed & that last October thought to be by Tabby una: Kanosh says it was. K took notes of Tabby's visit this summer, Mrs P. told of Walker. one of his captives now in house — pretend shoot, burn legs, bury to neck — fierce eyes of Wah-ker — Baptiste here, offended, she sick, saw church surrounded, guns — Baptiste stripped to "banter" them — to be turned out — give ground for fighting — Baptiste's good Shoshone squaw — cried — made signs — kissed babies — 3 days after war broke out — took refuge in fort. Tales of magnetism Steptoe's headache cured by Arrahpene. Indian interpreter in S.L.C. bad leg cured by Indians magnetic pass and shake: other hand with index point sky arm bent at a squaw. Told of suffering[-] on journey and in S.L.C. 3 veils spoi[-]t sifting coarse flour, gradual eating up of coarser & coarser. Staines story of bean soup — why laugh? — Because pleased was asked to eat bean soup & have got it! Sunday ser prayers after breakfast church, L. Young Musser ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B32_F7_I2_p007.jpg) Staines — said painful cross to him to speak — could not profit them if spirit of W.C. Staines spoke — hoped brethren wd ask spirit of God upon him — was once good Meth: fasted prayed Bible every leisure moment. Heard doctrine prayed for guidance baptised & hands laid on felt nothing week after read by fasting and prayer left untouched tea Thursday evening fasted Friday felt no hunger Saturday morning pruning raspberry canes felt that he ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B32_F8_I1_p001.jpg) 1 Hon Simon Cameron My dear Sir; The knowledge that you have an unrivalled memory, makes it unnecessary for me to say more by way of introduction than that I am the wife of Thomas L. Kane of Penn- -sylvania. His health has given way, and we are spending the winter to benefit it. At this time, when the fate of the Mormons seems to hang by a thread, I think I do you, if you are the man I take you to be, a service, by giving you my small contribution of upon this people. I suppose I am the only "Gentile" woman of character who has been admitted freely into their homes, and to the society of the women. My experience of them ought to be worth something to you. I went to Utah with great reluctance expecting to feel myself in a sink of corruption, among a set of Pecksniffs and silly women laden with divers their dupes. I find the women modest ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B32_F8_I1_p002.jpg) [precisely this: work up] "My criticism upon the Utah woman, admire to her is that she is precisely that quiet housewives, realising the ideal woman held up for our admiration by those writers who denounce the "strong- minded". Better than this I find them to be, like the model woman of Paul, "sober, just, holy, temperate—lovers of home. lovers of their own husbands!" I find them with the elder women to have undergone in their terrible pilgrimage across the plains, and the sufferings of their earlier years here, a training of endurance which has fitted them to be the mothers of heroes; and in the younger women I find a simplicity of life, and a hard working, baby-tending, housewifeliness that recalls the Puritan women of old New England. I confess that I cannot un- -derstand their patience with polygamy, but I have talked privately with many of them, as well as openly with all I have met, and I have stayed <[---]> for over tw in over a dozen families in various settlements; and have not found one woman who did not seem well satisfied with the "dispensation." I find them often living in the same house; childless wives fondling and caring for the children of the fruitful mother as tenderly as if they were their own, and the first born of the second wife sometimes given to the barren first wife and welcomed as a precious gift. They often speak to me of the comfort they find in sharing the labors of housekeeping and with one another, and it was of course easy for me to understand ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B32_F8_I1_p003.jpg) the relief to a hard worked mother to have another whose interest it was to have the household prosper, share her labours. These are all women who do their own work. Few keep servants; and where they do, the mistress of the house shares their labours, and they are treated exactly like the family. All these women; patient, frugal and industrious, —just such women as the U.S. needs to carry out the republican theory under which it was established, are waiting in terrible anxiety to know their doom. Before I came here I fancied that, if the marriages now made were legalised, the women would gladly relinquish Polygamy for the future. But I think it has become a matter of religion with them, and that at present this cannot be hoped for. Let Luxury come in from the East and corrupt the habits of these people, and Polygamy will die of itself for men cannot support three or four idle, luxurious w[---]. But Persecution will only make them cling closer to their faith, and they will leave their homes as they left their former ones. The sufferings they will undergo you men cannot imagine, but if they are forced to choose between their faith and their homes they will go out to die by thousands and the administration of Grant will be marked by the most infamous persecution that has disgraced humanity. And what good will have resulted from it? A discomfited Methodist orator will have had ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B32_F8_I1_p004.jpg) his mortified vanity soothed, but the United States will have suffered the loss of the best class of pioneers she has ever had. There is no drunkenness, no de- -bauchery, no gambling, no tobacco chewing among these people. They think it their most acceptable service to the Lord to work, to build up settlements plant orchards and vineyards; and their one amuse- -ment seems to be what they call a "party." There they assemble at six in the evening, open the meeting by prayer, dance, cotillion after cotillion, with elaborate steps, and sing, again they have trained each little village to have its choir of singers, not the young only but old men and matrons, delighting in the sweet sounds they have created. And they seem so satisfied with their homes and sing of "the fertile vales of Deseret" If you could but see the dreary desert! Wherever a rill of water finds its way through the sand and rocks there they irrigate, and plant trees and lay out streets and build; with infinite patience. Our people couldn't do it, for these are animated with the belief that they are working for God, and that He will back them up where their own efforts fail in subduing the wilderness. They see their crops devoured year after year by the grasshopper, by droughts; and their herds ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B32_F8_I1_p005.jpg) driven off by Indians, and young men going off for wood killed by the wretches. Yet they keep on working, planting new crops, investing their labor so perseveringly that the settlement has to thrive at last where our people would have long abandoned it. Their patience with the Indians is wonderful. These disgusting creatures are suffered to wander through their streets, peep in at their windows; and are fed and their pilferings forgiven — because the Mormons think they are Israelites under a present curse — who will be restored at last; and they pity them as we would souls in pain, if we could see them wandering among us embodied in a guise as hideous as their sins they are expiating. Drive out the Mormons, and Utah will relapse into a desert . No people without a religious object in view can make life tolerable in these deserts. Our own citizens would never toil as these people do, for so little profit. Here in St George they consider themselves ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B32_F8_I1_p006.jpg) in a sort of Paradise. It is built in a red desert, and nestles under lofty red bluffs. Rain rarely falls, and the red dust penetrates everywhere. They go fifteen miles to draw the nearest firewood, and drink from their irrigating ditches a discoloured and unwholesome water. The crops they can raise are so few in number that for three months the men are unable to find work. During the war it paid them to raise cotton, but our Southern cotton has ruined that enterprise and now St George does not support itself. It appears to me to be bad Political Econo- -my, but if Brigham Young induces his followers to invest their labor so long that at length they shall conquer their difficulties, surely the United States can only profit from the result. Drive off the Mormons and their pretty white washed villages will crumble again to clay, the unchecked sands of the desert will fill up their water channels and its hot blasts kill their fruit trees. Our ordinary settlers will never undergo what they have done. We want our forests, or our rich prairie, and must have our water. Oh, what would I not give for our delicious spring, gushing from the rock, at home! Surely no one who ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B32_F8_I1_p007.jpg) sees this barren land can grudge it to the Mormons! They are making their co-operative cattle herds pay very well, they tell me, and boast, that (when they can get water, and let it percolate through their burnt out volcanic lands,) the soil is the richest in the world, and their crops wonderfully fine (when the grasshoppers let them alone). If it be so, surely it is the interest of the United States to let them produce as much food as they can to feed the mining population that will soon throng in. The Mormon church discourages its members from mining, deeming it an unwise investment. Let them then feed the miners. And do, Mr. Cameron, use your influence to let Utah in as a State, irrespective of Polygamy. The people is a virtuous one, far better than most of our Eastern or Western peoples, and when our civilis -ation! Comes in, with its attendant vices it may be ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B32_F8_I1_p008.jpg) trusted in the end to introduce monogamy. That it will introduce also worse evils than polygamy, no one, who compares the state of our own population with that of Utah, will doubt. So far—Utah, let alone, would, in my judgment, be far better off, than freely opened to intercourse with her sister States. But we cannot allow her to be a separate nation. Do then cease to irritate her temper with sending costly garrisons to fester among her people, and to keep her ruled by carpet-baggers. The people are hungry to be citizens of the United States! Let Utah in—drop the question of Polygamy out of sight— and I assure you the United States will have no more admirable citizens than these Mormons. I leave the matter now with you. I conceive I have done my duty in writing to you, for you are pre-eminently my representative Senator. I have the triple tie to you that it was in my home that you cemented your friendship with Grant: that we are both members of the same Presbyterian church; and have both the same Scotch blood running in our veins, which, if it is slow to forget a wrong, is equally slow to forget a friend. Always truly yours E. D. Kane ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B32_F8_I2_p001.jpg) three lines which I like many thousand others carelessly read as a mere political fling of three lines by which the President avenged himself for his having left [---]self corked up in Dutch Gap by his last year's in judicial proceedings St George Utah Territory Decr. 29th 1872 Hon: Simon Cameron Dear Sir; I am the wife of your friend Thomas L. Kane of Pennsylvania: perhaps in this Mormon Country it is necessary to say his only wife! I have been in this Territory about six weeks, and my pity has been awakened for the women. I would like to serve them, and I do not know how better to do so than by saying what so far as I have yet learned is the truth. You are the proper person for me to write to for you are pre-eminently my Representative Senator: having in my own home cemented your power over Grant; having in your veins the same honest Scotch blood which will see fair play given a foe; and lastly, being a mem- -ber of the same Presbyterian Church to which I belong. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B32_F8_I2_p002.jpg) Honest opponents of Polygamy; those who have no base motives to serve — oppose it for the sake of the women who are its victims. I believe that I am the only "Gentile" woman of respectability who has been permitted free intercourse with the women of this Territory, and I have in the course of my slow carriage-journey through all the settlements from Salt Lake to this one close to Ari- -zona — visited, or been visited by many scores of Mormon women. I assure you as a Christian woman, that so far I have found them modest quiet housewives; "discreet, chaste, keepers at home, good, obedient to their own husbands." Indeed my criticism adverse to the Utah Woman is that she is precisely that ideal Woman whom our writers praise for never stepping beyond her Sphere. Her nursery, her kitchen and dairy, her needle and her sewing machine occupy all her time. Where such a woman is religious Reason may argue in vain, she will hold to her Faith and die for it if need be. These Utah women hold ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B32_F8_I2_p003.jpg) to Polygamy as a part of their faith. And their faith is still vigorous. The elder women have all suffered from Persecution in their earlier days, and the younger women have learned to be proud of their "Pil- -grim Mothers" and are prepared to emulate their heroic example. There is no thought among them of disputing the edict of the United States, nor is there any shadow of doubt as to their duty. If their men cannot be citi- -zens of our country without abandoning their faith, these poor women are all prepared to quit their homes and seek elsewhere "freedom to worship God." We cannot force upon them the abandonment of Polygamy without inflicting Persecution. If you could see the dreary deserts outside their homes you would un- -derstand how many babies and delicate mothers will die deprived of shelter and water. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B32_F8_I2_p004.jpg) I fancied before I came here that if the marriages already made were legalised, the women would gladly abandon Polygamy for the future. I confess I don't see any leaning that way. The question has been made one of Fidelity, as they think, to their Bible's teachings, and the unreas- onable creatures cling to it in the same spirit that has kept them under affliction, for ages, saying, "Though He slay me yet will I trust in Him." If you could see the thousands of homes, where prayers are going up morning and evening that God will have pity upon them: if you could see how neat and orderly these homes are; how modest and kind and thrifty the housewives, and could then look at the desert out of which these homes have sprung, I am sure you would think with me that Utah would relapse into a wilderness if they were gone. Let Polygamy alone: when our Eastern artificial wants and costly ways of living destroy these people's patriarchal simplicity, Polygamy will die of itself; what they think Persecution will only strengthen its hold upon them Truly your friend E.D. Kane ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B32_F8_I2_p005.jpg) supplying "tabernacles" to the souls who are wandering in search of them, her crown of glory is apt to contain very many jewels, and there is always a toddling child pulling at her skirts, or a nursling in her arms. They are exceedingly tender to the children, and the mothers dread the loss of home comforts for them, more than they do for themselves. It is a part of their religion to think they serve God in making their homes as comfortable as possible, and it is a matter of constant surprise to me to see how pleasant they have made them. Settlements where Women tell me coolly "This is the fifth house we have had, the In- dians drove us out of the others" or, "We are newly settled here, the sands piled up so with the wind from the desert that we had to abandon our old house," or again "This place is new, the stream yonder is subject to overflow and in such a year washed away all our improvements." In such homes I find marks of settled prosperity and housewifely wealth that you would appreciate. They have neatly framed maps adn pictures on the freshly whitewashed walls, of white curtains and tidies and covers edged with knitted lace, abundance of rag carpets, and rugs and patchwork quilts—preserves and canned fruits— herbs dried for medicinal purposes, currant and gooseberry bushes set out in their gardens. Men don't appreciate such things but we women know how dear each plant we have reared, each article we have made becomes, and how hard it is to abandon our Lares and Penates. These housewives have tried living two years in wagons, and tents, and appreciate keenly the possession of walls and floors, doors they can lock, and windows that they can close. They dread giving them up. But they dread ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B32_F8_I2_p006.jpg) in Him." They do not debate in their minds whether they shall be satisfied They receive no comfort from the thought that their own position may be established, nor do they debate in their minds what their action shall be. Five times they have left their homes already for their to "live their religion" in freedom, and the grand-dames who remember their earliest flight forty-five years ago, still live to exhort the younger women to follow their heroic example. If they cannot practise Polygamy in Utah; they that is, if they must abandon their faith — or their homes; they are all pre- -pared to abandon their homes, and seek elsewhere "freedom to worship God." But the hardships of doing they must undergo will be frightful. Twenty one years have passed since the first pioneers set foot in these valleys, and the sufferings of the women who crossed the deserts with them, and the lonely graves of the baby dead who fell by the wayside are still unforgotten. Every night and morning in the households I have hospitality I have received, I have heard earnest prayers offered up to God to avert from them such misery again. Scarcely a household of where I have not knelt beside some mother who wept over her famine-wasted child, some young woman whose mother toiled with her on her back, pushing the hand-cart before her for thousands of miles, some crone who helped to defend her life and honour when she was in her young matron- hood from the savages who attacked her home. These women know what miseries they have to face, and do not talk lightly thoughtlessly of adventures of their future as we might who have not their memories. The elders are broken in health by their what they underwent and many of the younger ones have inherited received from terrified mothers whose nerves were overtried, before their birth. The Mormon girl marries very young and as the she is trained to believe her children a direct gift of God and to look upon herself as fill[---] fulfilling a proud mission in ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B32_F8_I2_p007.jpg) Before I left Salt Lake City the President's Message was received. I read the allusion to Utah affairs, [as I daresay thousands did] with a slight laugh at the thought that Grant had not forgotten that he had left himself "corked up in Dutch Gap" by his in-judicial proceedings last year But if he could have known how much misery those few lines caused thousands of women I doubt if Grant would have penned them. I know him to be too tender a father and husband to be hard hearted to women and children. Men who are speculating in the mines here growl at the words that threaten more trouble in Utah trouble which may unsettle the price of mining stocks in San Francisco and London. Their dissatisfaction will be represented in Congress, and will have its weight. The unhappiness of the Mormon women But no one but myself witnesses the cloud of sorrow that dims the Christmas season in thousands these Mormon homes. My feeling has been If Washington decides that they must choose between their faith, and their country, they will not dispute the matter. They will cling to their faith. But they long to stay. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B32_F8_I2_p008.jpg) Are the men in Congress fit to throw a stone at them? Shall their votes decide to blacken the hearth-fires of so many thousand quiet homes — to leave Utah to the mining population, and the soldier garrison, and the women who are their associates — in the interest of virtue! Let them leave Polygamy to prove itself what it is. Surely the Truth does not need the aid of Persecution to conquer Error. Let us, women of the East show how much better Monogamy is by our example, and let our husbands sons and brothers prove by theirs how much purer their lives are than those of the Mormons. I am not afraid of the result. Are you? ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B32_F8_I2_p009.jpg) I have in the course of my slow carriage journey through the Territory, from Salt Lake City to this settlement—on the Arizona border—visited, or been visited by, scores of Mormon wives. You may well be surprised that I speak of them as I do. "Yes! These very women whom we have been trained to look upon as unfit to associate with us, I find to be modest thrifty housewives, "discreet, chaste, keepers at home, good, obedient to their own husbands." The criticism I have to make adverse to them is that they represent precisely that ideal Woman whom our writers praise for not stepping beyond her Sphere. Her nursery, her kitchen and dairy, her needle and her sewing machine occupy all her time. Her husband is the priest of her family, and she "learns in silence with all subjection" what he teaches, and stands prepared to die for it if need be. She does not argue, and St Paul himself could find no flaw in the way she lives up to his precepts for the government of the female members of Timothy's flock. I fancied before I came here that if the mar- -riages already made were legalised, the women would gladly abandon Polygamy for the future. I am obliged to confess ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B32_F8_I2_p010.jpg) the ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B32_F8_I2_p011.jpg) that, so far, I detect no leaning that way. The question presents itself to them simply as one of Fidelity or the con- -trary to their Bible's teachings. They adhere to it in the same spirit that has kept our sex for ages crying under affliction "Though He slay me, yet will I trust in Him." They drive derive no comfort from my suggestion that their own social position will be legally secured, nor can I bring them to admit that there is any course open to them but one. They must go where they "can live their religion". If Washington decides that they must choose between their faith and their country, they will not dispute the matter. They will cling to their faith. — But they long to stay. The pretty cottages they own now are especially dear to them because they have known what it was to live in tents and wagons without door or wall, win- -dow or floor. We women feel a real affection for our handiwork, and can understand how they appre- -ciate ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B32_F8_I2_p012.jpg) -ciate the housewife's wealth with which they have at last surrounded themselves; the rag carpets and rugs the white curtains and covers, spreads and pillow cases edged with finely knitted lace; the preserves and canned fruits in their closets, the herbs and the currant and goose- -berry bushes they have planted in their gardens. They dread leaving these home-comforts, but they dread much more encountering what they or their mothers have already undergone. They dread their baby's perishing in the desert when they know that the food was that was once so near at hand would save the darling life. They dread the Indians whose horrid presence kept them sleepless in spite of fatigue, and the hard journeys that brought their children into the world before their time. Such earnestness this lends to their prayers: so close it makes them cling to God whose overruling power can save them if He will! Every night and morning since I left Salt Lake City; in log-hut or adobe "villa" ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B32_F8_I2_p013.jpg) — wherever I have chanced to rest — I have heard Him implored to soften the hearts of their Rulers, and incline them to "let this people alone." In every family circle the women who knelt have known by personal experience something of the suffering they may have to undergo encounter again. The President's Message reached Salt Lake City previous to my departure. From what I know of Grant's tenderness to his own wife and children, I am sure that the last thought in his mind when he wrote the paragraph relating to Utah, was that its only serious effect would be to alarm the women and children of the Territory. I think they intended to make this Christmas week a season of especial rejoicing and festivity. A more un- -certain anxious set of helpless persons it has never been my lot to meet. The simple creatures know nothing of Politics. To them the whole thing means "another drive." ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B32_F8_I3_p001.jpg) January 1, 1873 My dear Senator Cameron: I enclose you at my husband's request a copy of an Extract from a letter written by me to my sister Mrs Bell of Wakefield in Yorkshire, England. as you might conjecture from the date it is in favor of his old friends the Mormons. You will observe that I speak only for the women. I suppose I am in Society parlance the only lady who has been suffered to associate on terms of intimacy with the Mormons' women wives and daughters. General Kane's health has greatly bene- -fited by the journey. If I can summon up resolution enough we propose to reach California by way of Arizona — Navajoes and Apaches permitting! I often think how you and my old friend Mr. Blair would enjoy the real wilderness through which we have travelled. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B32_F9_p001.jpg) St. George, Christmas Day! So here we are at last in our home for the winter. I wish I felt less homesick and dismal. Our trunks have not yet arrived and I cannot surround myself with the familiar books and work which will enliven our new quarters with their souvenirs of K_ Summit; nor can I give the children the little presents I have brought for their Christmas gifts. The ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B32_F9_p002.jpg) St George Christmas Day 1872. I wonder how we shall get through the days here! Our trunks have not arrived; and the Mormon books on the table in our parlour are not enticing; Parley Pratt's voice of Warning, the Harp of Zion, and three or four handsomely bound copies of the Book of Mormon in as many languages, all presented to our host by the Translators. We are in the largest house in the place. Last night when we arrived, I supposed it was a Hotel, but it is a private house belonging to the "Pres- -ident of the Stake." We have very comfortable rooms on the first floor, large and lofty. On one side the windows look out over a vineyard in which there stands a small adobe house belonging to our host towards the mountains through which the Rio Virgen pierces after receiving the waters of the Clara. The different houses ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B32_F9_p003.jpg) he is talking about. I must expect to see little of my husband, as long as he can enjoy the society of these new pets. Except when with K. they hang about the Co-operative Store, round the corner. The grave and dignified bearing of the Navajoes, however, contrasts forci- favorably with the slouching walk of the dirty Pi-edes. Decr 31st We reached ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B32_F9_p004.jpg) her respects to me! We are invited to dine at Mrs Lucy Young's today, but have declined. December 30th Our travelling party have all suffered the off [--]t of the h[---]t [-]y to [---] [---] from the sudden change of climate, and the boys are still laboring under severe colds. ] This afternoon K. and I strolled [through the up- -per part of the settlement.] Clouds trailing low over- head now and then gave us a little shower , [but the warm moist air made us feel it as little as we would at home in May or June.] The "streets" are wide lanes, the side-paths are overhung with trees, water flows in beside them gurgles along the edges of the side paths , which are overhung with trees; vineyards and fruit orchards surround the houses, and there are so many blackbirds about that Evan said "the cottonwoods seem to have budded out in blackbirds." The people are very friendly, and when I go out ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B32_F9_p005.jpg) with the boys I meet endless salutations and the women come to their doors to say a pleasant word or two, or to invite us in. There are Indians strolling about here as in the other Mormon settlements. Besides the Pi-edes of the Santa Clara who belong hereabouts, there came in a party of Navajoes yesterday from Arizona, brought by the interpreter, Jacob Hamblin <(?)>– [He says [that they have some religious notion that has im- -pelled them to seek intercourse with the Mormons. These Navajoes have brought 200lb weight of blankets to trade, and are delighted with their bargains. The leader of the party has purchased some cotton cloth. a hat, a pair of pantaloons, some ammunition and a young gray mare 3 or 4 years old. Besides, he has received $10. in money — silver coin, which is the currency in St George. All day long they ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B32_F9_p006.jpg) a east [--]n man who knows what he is talking about s of nothing of my husband, as long as he can enjoy the society of th[--]e new pets. (?) I must expect to [---] and you at my husband's society entirely while those new pets are with him. Except When not with K they lay about ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B32_F9_p007.jpg) [-] Indians have been hanging about the "Co-operative" Store, just round the corner, the grave and dignified bearing of the Navajoes <[---]> contrasting favorably with the slouching walk of the dirty Pi-edes. The Nava joes The leader came a little <[-]> while ago to see K. Hamblin [the interpreter] accompanied him. Hamblin could not talk Navajo, but both he and the chief could talk the Moquis dialect, and they had brought a stalwart young Indian who expected to act as Interpreter in case K. should wish to converse in what they called "Castilian." It was however such a broken patois of Mexican "greaser" language mixed with Navajo, that K. could scarcely understand it, nor could the understand K's Madrid Spanish. The old man, whose name is Ah-hilska, said that he was not the chief, he was only leader of this party for the time. The Chief had married two of his daughters ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B32_F9_p008.jpg) however. His name was "Como ese," and he explained with some pride that it was a Spanish title. I laughed at his thinking there was any grandeur in being called "How's that?" but Evan reminded me that we have considerable pride in our ancestor who bore an In- -dian title, though I believe it signifies only "Ancient his legs"! Neither of the Navajoes were painted, and the stalwart young man was very lightly clad. He was a handsome fellow, and showed a fine range of teeth when he laughed at his own failure to understand K. Ah–hilska wore a very dirty old rag, turban-wise, over his gray hair and his general appearance, as Willie suggested was like that of a half-unrolled mummy. But his countenance was very expressive, and his gestures grace- -ful, and there was a gentle dignity in his manner as he sat awaiting the translation of his speech that impressed me. He reminded me of some old French ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B32_F9_p009.jpg) lady who has seen better days, and is now obliged to keep a boarding house, and manifests more interest than she feels in the conversation of her vulgar boarders. Still, Ah-hilska was very dirty! K. wants me to be interested in the Indians, and was quite hurt for them, because I had given them hard wooden chairs to sit on instead of inviting them to seat them- -selves on the parlor sofa <-bedstead,> which is the boys' nightly couch. Ugh! December 31st We reached St George not a day too soon. The Mormons believe it is owing to their prayers that we escaped the storm which threatened us all the way down They look upon all the strange atmospheric disturbances of the last year or two as tokens from the Lord, given to warn the world that these are the Latter Days. One of the "sisters" here asked me whether it had never occurred to me that the Lord was vexed with us for analysing His ways, as He was ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B32_F9_p010.jpg) vexed with David for numbering the Israelites. She was alluding to the work of "Old Probabilities." A new Element for to ponder on that he is How amused he would be if he thought he was being furnished with an extra supply of storms as a punishment for intermeddling! The news by telegraph this morning shows that the storm which is falling upon us here in a succession of gentle showers is fearful in the East. No such snowstorm known for twenty years in New York. Business men dwelling in the country could not go home, <&c &c> [nor could many who lived uptown leave [their offices: in Boston 10.000 extra people stayed in town overnight. Here in St George, the warm soft rain has soaked through the dust of many months; (they have had no rain since August,) the "sects" (corruption of "acequias") as they call the water chan- -nels that irrigate the fields, and supply the town), are full, the red bluffs North of us are deeper in colour, ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B32_F9_p011.jpg) [-] and there is a subdued green tint over the vegetation, brown and dull as it still is, that tells how welcome the rain has been. As soon as a few hours sun- -shine has fallen upon the earth, the people here will begin to plough and plant. How great a blessing the telegraph is! The St George office here is in the room corresponding to <[---]> our parlor, but across the hall; and every evening the news is tele- -graphed as it reaches Salt Lake City for the morning papers. The long slips are brought to us, and as I read aloud what happened in New York this very day, I forget that I am on the border of Arizona among these strange people, Mormon and Indian, so many thousand miles from dear H. and E. God bless them both! I learn this afternoon that one of the four horses that the Navajoes bought was choked in the stable accidentally last night. They are going ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B32_F9_p012.jpg) away tomorrow. A little while ago I was standing at the window, watching some boys riding wild ponies at a run up and down the street. President Young's gig was in front of the house, and he and K. stood at the top of the steps consulting about the weather. He wore his great green mantle with silver clasps Just then Ah-hilska appeared with Hamblin, coming to bid K. goodbye. Hamblin said something to him, evidently informing him who Pres- ident Young was. The old man's wrinkled face lighted up with unfeigned delight, and he fairly clasped Brigham Young's bulky form in his weird embrace. The latter wore his great mantle of green cloth with silver clasps, and had a not undig- -nified presence, as he smilingly submitted to the hug. The boys heard from Mrs Musser that years ago she had visited a cave somewhere near here, and after some exploring they found it, and took us up there ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B32_F9_p013.jpg) yesterday. The bluffs under which the town look resemble (in <2> Colour and texture) (red flower pots) lies are of a fine grained sandstone, looking not unlike the substance of red flower pots, and the same stone dis- -integrated, forms the soil of the Virgen valley below us. We climbed about 400 feet to the foot of the castella- -tead red rock called the Sugar Loaf, but shaped much more like a loaf of bread. On our way we were accosted followed and accosted by one of the beauty of whose countenance "Nature's noblemen" whose beauty was heightened by a flush of vermilion streaked with black .on h A lad of fifteen or so followed him, whom he said was "no' count" but intimated that he, <"Hariscowie"> had been watching the morning all day for K. who had got rid of him the day before by promising him a "quarter" the next time they met. The children fell into ecstasies of laughter when the ill-looking fellow walked along beside us, as they repeated Punch's joke– "This is a werry lonely place for a quiet gent." To prolong their amusement ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B32_F9_p014.jpg) K. halted and spoke gibberish with a perfectly grave face to the Indian, who soon exhausted his few English words in reply. When the boys were tired of laughing, their father explained that our follower must wait our return, and we saw him go off to one of the houses near the foot of the hill, where he fell to work chopping wood. We heard the strokes of his axe in the quiet air, as we went upward. We climbed some 400 feet to the foot of a castellated red rock, called the Sugar Loaf; an inge- its resembles now a Loaf of Bread I suppose.> -nious misnomer, for it is far more like a loaf of bread. Here there was a very fine view over the plain St George Valley, and the town looked very peaceful - and helpless- below us. Then our little cicerones led us behind the cliff, and in and out through red rock walls of fine grained sandstone full of holes like great air-bubbles, in which the children promised themselves the pleasure of playing housekeeping, until ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B32_F9_p015.jpg) they turned an angle and brought us into a large and lofty cave. Here we tried the echoes, and then, having explored the cave and ascertained that there was but one exit, and that four Indians were approaching us, we concluded to go home. K. took us towards them, upon which they halted, and as Willie said "lifted their blankets like geese going to fly", dropped one by one over the rock, and vanished. K. walked down the hill behind us. I glanced back and saw that he carried his revolver in his right hand instead of the peaceful umbrella which, en père de famille, he had carried up the hill. I think he meant me to enjoy the flavor of an adventure and that we were in no danger whatever! Jan. 1. 1873. Jacob Hamblin spent the evening with us I asked him about the Indians, and he said, "You were perfectly safe, but it wouldn't be wise to tempt the Piedes with letting the children be alone up there ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B32_F9_p016.jpg) towards sunset. Not that I think the Indians worse than whites; rather better: but would you think of letting little well–dressed children stray alone on the outskirts of a town at home, ? alone ? ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B32_F9_p017.jpg) she's living, but most likely she got peevish and sickly at that age with the change from white ways. Then they'd get tired of her." The pause was as significant as if he had said plainly, "They'd kill her." {Hamblin has been a missionary among {the Indians of Southern Utah, and seems as much preju– {-diced in their favour as old Dimick Huntingdon is in {favor of the Shoshone's. His "fort" as he called it was {the only white settlement in this part of the country {when K. passed through in 1858. The "Clara" Indians {had the reputation of being the worst in Utah when {Hamblin was sent down by Brigham Young to evangelise {them. This was in 1855. I (I was secretly taking notes {of what Hamblin was saying to K. when he disconcerted {me by turning round quietly to me and remarking, {"I'll be careful to tell nothing, I can't prove up." After {that, I emerged from behind the big Atlas, and openly ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B32_F9_p018.jpg) wrote his narrative down as nearly word for word as I could follow his speech.) "President Young bade me go among the Indians on the Clara, and tell them to cease to shed the blood of white men, or any men on earth; and I was to show them how to get themselves a living and not be under the necessity of depending on game. I built me a small log-cabin within a mile of thirty or forty of their lodges. That season I left my camp for weeks at a time, with my gun and blankets and ammunition unprotected, only trying up the kind of latch I had to my door, with a bit of string. The Indians is as honorable as a white man, leastwise in their capacity. Not a thing was touched. Well, I taught them morality, and showed up the low mean savage cruelty they practised in former years. I bid them cease that. They all fell ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B32_F9_p019.jpg) in with the idee of my — (what's the word, I've been so much with the Indians that I 'most forget good English!—) my instructions, that's it. All of the Clara Indians, or Yanowants, agreed to cease the shedding of blood of emigrants and go to cultivating. So they did, and all of them held to it for more'n three years, though now they've been doing some pilfering. What I can speak for, is the time I had charge of them." "Well, Mr. Hamblin, I said, you have been among "the Apaches in Arizona. You can't say anything for them, I'm sure!" "Oh yes, I've friends among the Apaches. I wouldn't be afraid to go among them any day, or to take you," addressing K., "providing You'd go un- -armed, just you and me alone. You'd ought to go over on the Kybab Mountain, that means "Mountain that lies;" its a sort of natural plateau, covered with ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B32_F9_p020.jpg) about fifty miles of forest, the prettiest kind of pine trees. The mountains round here are all kind of blowed up." (I suppose he meant volcano- -blasted.) I exclaimed that I could not be willing to have K. go among them, armed or unarmed, and he said replied laughingly that K. had gone all through their country unharmed, in '58, without my objecting, though then the Mormon outposts had been withdrawn, and there were no white men left. "I told him that I had no idea of the dangers of the journey then, but that I had, now." Well, he said to K. there's some of those Indians on the Muddy that chased you, livin' yet, and now they'd like to come and see you, friendly. There's Muddy Harry Rufus Allen and Beaver Dam Thomas particularly," I had been reading about the Oatman massacre ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B32_F9_p021.jpg) and said to Hamblin, that I wondered he could talk of its being safe to go among the Apaches un- -armed, after the massacre of the harmless Oatman family, and others, But he maintained that the Apaches were excusable! That they were only carrying out the law of retaliation, which was all they knew, and that the Gospel of Peace had not been taught them. [inserted note] K still with his dear Indians: I pass the time taking notes of the conversation of one of the most intelligent Mormon Interpreters. Like the rest of the worthus he has a standing apology for all Indians. He maintains that even the conduct of the Apaches is excusable. "In 1842" he said," a man named Johnson came among them with eighteen men. He said he had come from the East to make a treaty of peace with them. They was glad in their hearts, for they know'd the United States was superior to Mexico, and they thought ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B32_F9_p022.jpg) — – — B. Y. and Mrs Amelia inaugurated our new mess by dining with us today at the little round table, in our parlour. Hitherto we have eaten at in the long dining room with all our travelling company., before the omnivorous teamsters. Yet they were very, nice decent young men, and "Brother "James," a handsome son of Wilford Woodruff's, could lead in prayer, or say grace wonderfully well. I think K. will be wickedly rejoiced to be alone in our own family circle, because they always waited prayers for us, and as I insisted on having our own Family Worship besides, he complained jestingly that he was "getting doited wi' gudeness." {We have carried off with us the liveliest ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B32_F9_p023.jpg) (B) we claimed the right to select one from among them an old friend to be our standing messmate an old friend of my husbands whom none of our invited guests will not be willing to meet. a remarkable character of whom (or the like) ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B32_F9_p024.jpg) of our messmates, Brother Staines, but there are several whom I shall miss, particularly my Welsh friend Sister Ellen. Jane Mr. Staines acts as our steward, and our New Year's feast was so abundant that it covered our round table and overflowed on to the adjoining writing table; roast beef, roast duck and stewed chicken, succeeding the soup, with potatoes, peas and beans for vegetables, cranberry sauce and mince pie for dessert. The potatoes came from Belleview: they do not grow well here, the climate being too warm for them, or for apples. In the evening Mrs A(melia) amused me by a Mormon version of the old nursery rhyme, making it run, "My mother's my mother all the days of my life. But my father's my father only till he gets a new wife." She has been baptised several times, once for the ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B32_F9_p025.jpg) Our visit to the bench yesterday was to exam- -ine its capabilities as a site, but though it would have been a magnificent one, the want of water decided against it. Baptisms must be administered in the temple. I believe they have decided upon building at the head of this street, where there is a sort of terrace below the Sugar Loaf Bluff. They call the place Mt. Hope, but it would be more aptly christened Mt. Horror, I think. ¶ Our friends the Pi-edes are peculiar in their notions of gallantry. They never divorce their squaws, for the simple reason that they have no marriage ceremony whatever, keeping a squaw only while it suits them to do so, and then giving them her away. When a young girl among them reaches womanhood, those who want her, fight for her. Mount Hope was the scene of such a fight. two or three years ago. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B32_F9_p026.jpg) Jan 123. K. interrupting Bp Erast: Snow – You need not apologise for your length upon any particulars relating to your Joseph Smith. My estimate of his character is this day nearly as incomplete as it was when I visited you last. She turning to Mrs S. No 1. Artemisia Here insert Mrs A S's story Beman lived in Livonia Livingston Co. was employed He hid the plates under the hearth of his house and kindled a fire over: but they are not there now, O.C. & J.S. cave Sword of Laban – until the reign of righteousness Dream ship Zion. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B32_F9_p027.jpg) Though Nature red in tooth & claw With Ravine shrieked against the creed died Who trusted love was law in deed law and love Creation's final law ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B32_F9_p028.jpg) Jan 14/73 Coming from a dinner party last night where as usual they wound up with family prayers, Evan spoke to me of the feeling it gave him to hear Harry and Elisha prayed for in this wilderness, "Mamma, isn't it strange? He seemed to know just what would be good for us. Even Cousin Sam didn't think of more things!" I thought you he would be pleased by the little fellow's remembering your prayers with pleasure after so many months. Tom thinks of returning home through Arizona, but I am afraid of the Indians, and do not relish the idea of camping out where one dares not stray five yards from camp without risking their scalp. The Mormons have no settlements further South than Kanab in Kane County (where we go when the next moon is three days old or so,) and our military posts are a long way South. We would have to cross both the Apache and Mojave Indian countries, and I don't feel adventu- ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B32_F9_p029.jpg) -rous. As B. Y. said last night when Tom proposed walking home without overshoes. "For a man to neglect ordinary precautions regarding his health that he can perfectly well take him- -self, and then to ask God to take care of him is like an insult to the Lord's common sense." ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B32_F9_p030.jpg) Augustus P. Hardy Col. Missionary, Ind interpreter. Jan 21/73 Mr Hardy is Bishop of the Pi–ede ward: that is, he is to settle and arrange all Indian matters. Last summer was freighting & heard on road, through Utes camped on Spanish Fork. that there was an excitement among Indians regarding a prophet, (chief was Tabby-weep-up – Antero was in charge of the band –the same that visited Nephi) and on any arrival here found the Indians from the Buckskin or Kah- a-bow-itsch- from the Muddy- & from the Shebitz country gathered here – all Pi-edes but different bands. Both Col: Pearce and I were away and no one else understood their language. Owing to the want of grass they turned their horses into our fields and our people not understanding them supposed it a warlike demon- stration and there was trouble and two Indians were seriously wounded one so much that the died soon after - a shebitz and several taken prisoners – We settled for his death – we & they were prepared for war - I- pay wife - died – horse pair blankets & gun - and presents to children of clothing etc five days with them every day - I learned that a prophet had arisen in a little valley Si–ee Valley in White Pine District about 70 miles from Ham- -ilton west of Gt. American Desert near what is known as Mormon Cave – say 70 miles due North of Pioche– He was of the Pah-ran-a-gatz– diggers speaking Pi – ede language ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B32_F9_p031.jpg) This prophet sent a call out to all of the Pi – ede nation and to all others who wished to hear him that he had received a visit from an angel who had told him of his ancestry that in a short time the earth would be destroyed and all that were wicked. He had received that this angel who had spoken to him said he was the same angel who appeared to a man some years since and had given him a book which told of their ancestors and gave a history of their nation. The prophet exhorted all who might hear him to listen to the good instructions of good men and to refrain from shedding blood and stealing for the Great Spirit had told him that He would destroy the earth, and all those who do wickedly, and wished all of his people to gather together to dance and sing for joy for the day was soon — or 'twould be but a little time before they would become a less degraded and better people. That the Great Spirit loved them and would do them good if they would let Him. They then made inquiries of me in regard to this book which had been given by the angel, and expressed a desire to learn more about it. They gathered at S. George as a central point in obedience to runners coming from him. He also bade them send a delegation from each camp to meet him – for he did not come to S.G., to listen to what he had to tell them, that they might return and tell it to their ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B32_F9_p032.jpg) tribes. They went, and returned with the words I have given and the assembly dispersed. They come in -oftener, and the Shebitz are doing better than they ever did before. They were a very degraded thieving set. The prophet keeps a-giving his prophecies and sending his word out. Has he ever been converted? Oh no, he is in one of the worst places ever to be con- -verted. I should say it is one of the roughest places on the continent. What he says is as simple as Nature can make it. Has there been any general movement lately- like the young Indian at Tocquer? Haven't heard. They are all absent now on a grand rabbit hunt–assembling all the camps together. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33A_F10_I1_p001.jpg) A JOURNEY FROM BEAVER CITY TO ST. GEORGE. IMPROVED APPEARANCE OF THE COUNTRY—CROSSING THE RIM OF THE INTERIOR BASIN—DIVERSIFIED SCENERY—A DISCOURSE BY BRIGHAM YOUNG— MORMON ENTERPRISE. [FROM AN OCCASIONAL CORRESPONDENT OF THE TRIBUNE.] ST. GEORGE, Utah, July 1.—The journey from Beaver City to St. George, about 120 miles by the regular stage road, is a succession of most delightful surprises. Thrift and taste characterize the various settlements passed through, and the surrounding country is agree- ably diversified with hill and valley, dashing streams and precipitous mountains. The first day’s journey brings us to Cedar City, where the adjoining hills, scattered over with a clumpy cedar as yet unknown in cultivation, encircles a sheltered valley through which courses a clear mountain stream, sending a rivulet to every hamlet. The streets are shaded by large over- arching cottonwoods, and the spacious yards are occu- pied with thrifty orchards. About 12 miles beyond Cedar we insensibly pass over the rim of the interior basin, and by a rapid descent come upon the north-west tributaries of the Virgen River, flowing into the Colorado. Henceforward good- by to the broad basin plain occupied by the silvery sage bush, the programme being varied by plunging into deep ravines, along which the road, hugging close to the precipitous sides, looks down on the turbid stream below. As the valley widens the still narrow alluvial benches are occupied by straggling settlements. Fur- ther on there is an irregular series of broken country, where dark basaltic rocks cap a coarse gray limestone, which, undermined by the elements, leave toppling masses which distribute their rough, angular fragments over the surface below, loosely buried in the deep sandy layers. Jolting and thumping over these we finally reach a sharp descent overlooking the basin of the Upper Virgen. Here the town of Toker bursts on the view. Hardly pausing to enjoy the attractive scenery here presented, we again pass over dry sandy stretches, amid a strange assemblage of desert shrubbery, including the arborescent cactus, the edible yucca, the thorny mezquite, and the myrtle-like creosote bush. The ap- proach to towns and settlements is plainly indicated at a distance by the blaze of blossoms and the ribands of verdure indicating running water. After passing several small villages a still wider stretch of open valley brings to view the town of Washington, where, in addition to the usual fruit products, there are fields devoted to cotton, and an extensive woolen and cotton factory is in operation to work up the joint product of vegetable and animal fibers. Here the Cashmere goat has been introduced, and their long, shining fleeces indicate a new branch of industry in the near future. A short distance beyond, over a spot of volcanic rocks extending down to the Virgen, the town of St. George is seen lying at the foot of a steep wall of red sandstone rocks, fantastically weathered into castellated summits and deep fissures, the highest points rising 400 feet or more above the town site. The town proper, flanked in the west by a high tabled ridge of dark volcanic rock, extends by a gentle slope toward the wide alluvial bottom land of the Virgen, which is ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33A_F10_I1_p002.jpg) heavily incrusted with a white saline deposit. Water is supplied from a number of clear springs issuing from the base of the sandstone ledge above referred to. Prominent among the objects first to attract the atten- tion is a spacious church (termed rather inconsistently a tabernacle), built of dressed sandstone, and sur- mounted by a lofty spire set off by a town clock. A temple of still more gigantic dimensions is now in pro- gress in the lower part of the town. SERVICES IN A MORMON TABERNACLE. My arrival was opportunely timed to attend a dis- course by President Brigham Young. I joined the crowd that was flocking into the spacious tabernacle yet unfin- ished in the interior, ample sitting room being provided by extemporized seats of rough lumber. The church dig- nitaries occupied a raised platform, with a close railing in front, which mainly concealed the occupants from the view of the audience on the ground floor. There was little of dignity or solemnity expressed in the man- ners of the congregation or their ecclesiastical leaders; men lolled about with their hats on; women, plainly dressed, were chatting and laughing with one another. The occupants of the pulpit exchanged familiar greet- ings, and there was a general buzz of conversation. In the midst of the hum a stout elderly man slowly ascended the platform steps, wearing a brown, sleazy hat, and leaning heavily on a cane. More attentive greeting than usual and the occupation of the central seat of honor indicated the new comer as the highest official of the Church of Latter Day Saints, the immedi- ate successor of Joseph Smith. The services began with a short, common- place prayer from one of the elders, followed by singing one of the familiar hymns of our ordinary Protestant collection, succeeding which Presi- dent Young in an off-hand way stood before the desk and began his discourse. A clear enunciation and a sort of positive manner of speaking gave emphasis to his re- marks, which were distinctly heard in the further part of the house; after a few sentences to draw the atten- tion of his audience, he put on his hat, saying: “I have a hat here which suits me very well, and, though you may not consider it particularly handsome, has some points to recommend it. In the first place, it is one that every woman can make at home, and, instead of costing $4 50 to go out of the country, it can be got up for 25 cents, or less. Now, I care more about what is under a man’s hat or a woman’s bonnet than for the most stylish hat that can be got up. When I can see fire and lightning coming out of the eyes I know there is a soul there, worth more than any thing else.” At this point there was a brief interruption to the remarks while a blessing was invoked on the sacramental em- blems below, consisting of broken bread and water. They were then passed through the assembly without further ceremony, being partaken of by all, both old and young. In the mean time President Young continued his remarks, soon getting warmed up on his main topics, viz., the duty of the faithful to comply with the new revela- tion and join the Order of Enoch. “This,” says the speaker, “is all that is now needed to bring in the latter- day glory; this is what is to make us a united and pros- perous people; whoever holds back is withholding him- self from the privileges of the Church, and he will con- tinue to fall away little by little till he becomes utterly lost. You will not lose anything by giving up the con- trol of your property and labor—all you really want will be supplied as before without any care on your part; there will be still larger production by systematized labor, and what is produced will be of better quality than anything you now have. There will be no poor, no rich, or rather all will be rich, and you will see such a progress under the blessing of heaven as has never yet been vouchsafed to my people.” Mr. Young then caused to be read a paper embracing a short programme of what should be done the first year, to be modified and enlarged hereafter as new and more complete revela- tions should be made. Then a few parting words, an abrupt “God bless you all,” and the meeting was dis- missed. WHAT YOUNG HAS DONE FOR UTAH. The impression made by this discourse was evidently satisfactory to the mass of the audience. It repre- sented the utterances of one who for nearly 30 years has exercised an almost unlimited control over this peo- ple, gathered from all parts of the earth, and still maintains their confidence. He was their Moses, who had brought them out of the bondage of the persecut- ing Gentiles to a land already flowing with honey, and where they enjoyed full liberty to follow out the dictates of their religious teachers and gather unmolested the fruit of their industrious toil. Under no other condi- tions than the unyielding obedience to a fanatical belief could such results have been reached in the rapid development of a country naturally forbidding, and where great privation and long delayed fruition neces- sarily preceded the success now so plainly exhibited. Here within the short space of 12 years a desert waste has been converted into a fruitful garden, in which temperate and sub-tropical fruits grow side by side, vying in the deliciousness of their products. Here a torrid Summer sun, frequently raising the temperature to 110° F., in the shade, sends down its scorching rays to mature the richest-flavored grapes, while all the sur- rounding country is parched and desolate. A due supply of water is all that is necessary to work out still more magical changes. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33A_F10_I2_p001.jpg) M 4 West 18th Street New York 11th June 1874 My darling Bessie, [document has a seal with a boat in the middle] TUTUS IN UNDIS Tom's letter of 8th June, reached me on the 9th & yours of 7th June along with "ze booke" on 10th inst. I was delighted to get a copy of the last from yourself, & "tickled to death" with the inscription, recognising as it does a friendship beyond the we're offici al one of daughter & father. The Photograph prefisced is the only good one of you, I even saw & brings properly out the intellectual pomtrin your face. I wish you would send one if you have not already done so, to that "photoclast" Tot, saying that I command her to put it, on her mantel piece alone, ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33A_F10_I2_p002.jpg) with my last, "and no wise" tear, burn or destroy it. I sent you a "Springfield Republican" with a brief note of the receipt of "Twelve Mormon Homes" I suppose Tom must have sent a Copy to that Paper I didn't. This week's Scottish American does not refer to "ye Booke," but this may be because it is filled with reports of the the two General Assemblies in Edenr. The Evening Post likewise "makes no sign", so far, and I shall not know till tomorrow, whether or not this weeks Evangelist makes any. Did you send a copy to Mrs Grant? I distinctly understood, that publis[-]ing meant printing for sale & distinctly stated to Tom when I signed the paper assuring the responsibility that, neither he no I, couldn't ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33A_F10_I2_p003.jpg) present afford to the out of pocket by the publication therefore I understand thus the publication would at least pay the cost of printing & publishing, & I have since heard from the girls, that you might get $5000 for the Copy right, wholence you can get you are fairly &honourably entitled to, St Paul says even as to purely spiritual matters," the workman "is worthy of his hire" – He also says mouth of the "Thou shalt not muzzle the ^ ox that "treadeth out the corn. Doth God take care "for oxen? Or saith he it altogether for our "Sakes? For one sakes no doubt this is written "that he that ploweth should plow in "hope " &c &c. Besides doing the good of stopping persecution so far as you can, you are quite entitled toallthe the coin you can obtain as a solution for your mental & bodily fatigue, ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33A_F10_I2_p004.jpg) It isn't a forced loan or payment you are asking for, but a free will offering from those, who want to unravel the clue to the Mormon mysteries. I would like the Title page to bear "By Mrs. Thos. L. Kane" or "Mrs E. D. Kane" Tom's style is a good style for him but it is not your style, & your style is equally good for you. I read carefully Vol No 2. & I could not suggest an alteration for the better in more than 2[-]3 places at the most which I think I noted in pencil. So I would first finish what remain to be said in your own words, subject only to the "elision by Tom, of anything" he may deem imprudent to be said by his Wife I am willing to stand up, for anything you may say as my daughter, unseen by me. So go ahead as soon as you ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33A_F10_I2_p005.jpg) B. Conveniently can when finished let "Rose-in-June," help you with the mere copying at which also, Elisha might take a spell You could revise each sheet of their Copy, as it passed out of their hands, & take a share of the copying work yourself. There is no use in writing the Copy, in your usual Copper-plate style scrawl it out quickly & as you write on only one side of the sheet, you will get on more quickly, than you fancy. Then consult Lippencott Jr, about the best way of securing a good sale for the Book, this is a business matter purely & one which I know nothing about, but I do know, that 50 years ago, the A[-]ttion of Waverly useless or inv[-]ttis before his forthcoming move ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33A_F10_I2_p006.jpg) appeared had advertisements in the papers & placards on the walls of this ten[-]r "In the press, & speedily will be "published a new Novel by the 'Author of Waverly &c &c" Now Lippencott Fc (if they are to be the publisher) ought to judiciously have paragraphs inserted to the effect that Mrs Kanes visit to 12 Mormon Homes, (a portion of which has already been printed for private circulation) is newly completed & will be published in about months. This very interesting work will well repay a perusal &c, &c, judging from the portion which we have had the pleasure of perusing _ The style of the gifted authoress &c. &c. &c ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33A_F10_I2_p007.jpg) The mention in the advertisements or notices that a portion has been printed already for private circulation will perhaps [-]other what the appetite of Book-buyers, for the whole work. I am reading the Memoir Letters of Sara Coleridge (L.T.C's daughter) which would interest you greatly particularly her views on education which you I think are practically carrying out - I am also reading the Second Series of Lord Cockburn Memoirs the latter work I have treated myself to, in the Scottish Copy it is not to be republished here I don't think the 2nd is as interesting as the first series, I am also reading in the Edenr Review, the review of [-]oude's Irish Parliament & Irish Rebellion Under then over parliament this Absentee Landlords were as 1 to 3 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33A_F10_I3_p001.jpg) Forty-third Congress U.S. HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES. Washington, D.C. June 17 1874 My dear General: I am expecting the Bill now in the Senate (Poland's) to be brought up at any time. I have had an interview with Senator Frelinghuysen. He appeared considerably softened, and expressed his regret at having to call the Bill up, but the Com- mittee had laid the duty upon him. The interview was in some respects satisfactory to me. It was a satisfaction to know that I had done my duty to him and to my con- stituents. On Saturday he showed me some amendments which he had written on the margin of the Bill. One was the right of appeal to the U. S. Supreme Court. Others were, making the Bill apply to future cases of polygamy I suggested that the power to grant alimony and counsel fees was dangerous; this he also amended so as to have it apply to future ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33A_F10_I3_p002.jpg) cases. He said he did not know that the Committee would agree to these amendments or that he would himself; but he wanted to see whether they would suit me or not. Our enemies are exerting every power. They feel that their time is short. You will see by the papers what they tried to do yesterday. Their defeat has en- raged them, and they now purpose to intro- duce a Resolution to expel me, thinking to do so by a majority vote, as a Delegate is not the creation of the Constitution but of a statute. They have canvassed the House, so one of my friends informs me, and they count upon a strong majority. When they do one thing, they wish they had done something else. Their strength lies in the cowardice and prejudice of mem- bers. I trust yourself, Mrs. Kane and the children are well. With kind regards to you and them I am Your Friend, Geo. Q. Cannon ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33A_F10_I4_p001.jpg) ?The Evening Post. New York, Friday, June 19, 1874. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33A_F10_I4_p002.jpg) THE MORMON QUESTION. We have been carefully examining the amended copy of what is called the Utah bill, as it passed the House of Representatives, and as it was “in the Senate of the United States read twice and referred to the Commit- tee on the Judiciary.” If that committee shall report favorably upon it, and the Senate shall have no more sense of what is just as well as expedient than was evinced by the House, then the signature of the President will give this doubtful act the force of law, un- til it shall be modified, as there is good reason to believe that it must be, by a decision of the Supreme Court. Divested of legislative verbiage, the spirit and meaning of the bill is this. The ten thou- sand “Gentiles” of Utah, most of whom are there for the purpose of temporary business, are to sit in judgment upon more than one hundred thousand of the permanent residents of the territory, in cases where the belief of the majority in their religion excludes them, by the terms of the bill, from acting as jurors. Of these ten thousand, the greater part are a rough and lawless set of men, engaged in mining, far away from the settlements, at- tending to their own business and caring nothing whatever about monogamic or poly- gamic religions, or indeed religion of any kind. This reduces the proposed jury list to a smaller minority—to perhaps two thousand “Gentiles” who inhabit Salt Lake City and its neighborhood. Now of these two thousand there are not more than a few hundreds who have interested themselves in getting up the petitions which have induced this attempted legislation of Congress; and this small minor- ity consists principally of a “carpet-bag” class, whose main purpose it is to foment dis- cord in order to depreciate the value of property for their own selfish ends. Although the law is specially framed as if it were to apply only to cases of polygamy, the intent of it is deeper. As Captain Codman, in his recently-published work on “The Mormon Country,” observes: "It would come to this, that one-tenth of the population of the territory, and that by no means the most reputable, composed of men who have for the most part taken up a tem- porary residence there, are to hold in subjec- tion the lives and property of the other nine- tenths, of the men whose fathers and many of themselves took possession of this waste land when it was Mexican territory, and with hardship, toil and privation, reclaimed it from a desert waste, developed its resources, and made it such a rich addition to the Union.” If, as this author asserts—and his testimony is forcibly corroborated by another book lately written by a New York lady, who has resided for some time in Utah—most of the women there are contented with their matri- monial relations, the following clause in the third section of the bill is of minor conse- quence: “When a bill is filed by a woman to declare a marriage, or pretended marriage, void, on account of a previous subsisting marriage of the defendant to another woman, the Court or Judge thereof may grant such reasonable sum for alimony and counsel fees as the circumstances of the case will justify.” We incline to think that, if any of the women are really tired of their life of bondage, they can make themselves so disagreeable in their families that the husbands will be glad to get ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33A_F10_I4_p003.jpg) rid of their society without any appeal to the law. In respect to the matter of alimony and counsel fees, as in the case of the notorious Ann Eliza, wife of Brigham Young, who has lately lectured throughout the land, suits for the nullity of a marriage may occasionally be instituted where lawyers, in western phrase, “put up the job” for the sake of getting the alimony for themselves. It is reasonably certain in her case that Young was willing to give her a moderate amount as alimony, if it could be secured to her sole advantage, and that her lawyers would not consent to such an adjustment, as they took her case on speculation. 43c The New York lady to whom we have referred thus quotes the reply of a Mormon woman to whom she was explaining the probable action of Congress: “Secure my social position! How can that satisfy me? I want to be assured of my po- sition in God’s estimation. If polygamy is the Lord’s order, we must carry it out in spite of human laws and persecutions. If our marriages have been sins, Congress is no vicegerent of God; it cannot for- give sins nor make what was wrong right. Hard for me if polygamy were abolished without some provision for women situated as I am? Yes, but how much harder to bring myself to accept such a law as you speak of, and admit, as I should be admitting, that all I have sacrificed has not been for God’s sake! I should feel as if I were agree- ing to look upon my past life as a—as a worthless woman’s, upon which I had never had His blessing. I’d rather die!” However lamentable the fact, there is good reason to believe that this is the prevailing sentiment of the Mormon women, and there- fore the section we have quoted may be left without further comment than that it indi- cates the spirit of the whole bill. The important and objectionable clause of the bill is in section four, which provides that “in the trial of any prosecution for adultery, bigamy or polygamy, it shall be a good cause of principal challenge to any juror that he practises polygamy or that he believes in the rightfulness of the same.” That is to say, a mere belief—even if not a belief which would debar the believer from rendering a truthful verdict—is to exclude him. This is opposed to the spirit of our institu- tions and our Constitution. Although poly- gamy is made a crime by our laws, a belief in its rightfulness is a part of the present creed of the Mormon Church. These people have a right to their belief. As they are fond of reminding us in their discourses, Moses, the “great law-giver,” believed in po- lygamy, and practised it, too. If Moses were living here now, we certainly could punish him for the practice of it; we might, perhaps, even fairly disqualify him from sitting on a jury to try an indictment for polygamy, if he himself persisted in committing the crime; but we should have no just cause to abridge his civil rights merely on ac- count of his abstract belief. We think that we have improved on the religion of Moses in the matter of the marriage relation, and we think so conscientiously. The Mor- mons think otherwise. Shall we punish the Mormons because of a conviction, however mistaken, which their reading of Scriptures has impressed upon their minds? Yes, most certainly, if their interpretation of Scriptures causes them to commit overt acts against our criminal code, whereof they are convicted by an impartial jury. But most certainly, also, we should not punish them because their mere belief is at variance with those of other religious sects. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33A_F10_I4_p004.jpg) But we are opposed to this Mormon bill also on the ground of expediency. Polyga- my in Utah is a blot upon American civilization. But we would not attempt its abolition at the expense of so much evil as is likely to accrue from the passage of this bill. If we have a headache we would not cure it by the process of decapitation. If our sena- tors will take the trouble to search to the bottom of the motives of this legislation (let them begin with reading the little book of Captain Codman, written with evident impartiality), they will find evidence that gentle medicines are already operating for the cure of polygamy, and that the decapitation policy advocated by this bill will oppress a quiet and industrious people, reduce the value of great material interests, and cause harm to the great majority of the inhabitants of Utah, while it will benefit none but a hand- ful of speculating adventurers who will profit by the misfortunes of their neighbors. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33A_F10_I5_p001.jpg) New-York Daily Tribune. FOUNDED BY HORACE GREELEY. THURSDAY, JUNE 4, 1874. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33A_F10_I5_p002.jpg) MORE RECONSTRUCTION. The debate and the vote on the Utah bill ca[page torn] [-]ck to the v[-] of Lee's surrender, when Cong[--]s undertook to stamp out the embers of the Rebellion and make treason odious by a system of heroic legislation whose mischievous consequences the whole country is now lamenting. Most of our law-makers in those days of exultant patriotism were dou[-]t- less sincere believers in the nece[-]sity of d[--] franchisement. They remembered with ex- cusable bitterness the sufferings of the past four years. They thoroughly distrusted the repentance of the conquered South. They fancied that they could build the social and political edifice all over again, and raise u[-] prosperous States on no other foundation than the loyalty of ignorant negroes, whom an Act of Congress had taken out of the cotton fields and made voters before they knew what the inscriptions on their ballots signified. Every- thing was immediately turned upside d[--]n. The whites, who had all the education and all the capacity for public affairs were excl[--]ed from public appointment and driven from the polls, while grinning Sambo and Uncle Pete were snatched up bodily and seated in the Legislature with a suddenness that made their heads swim. We need not enlarge upon the result of this preposterous plan of reconstruc- tion. Theft, rapine, and briber[hole in page]an riot in the Southern capitals; plantations fell to waste; cities tumbled into decay; government became a burlesque; and some of the fairest regions of the cotton country were plunged into a ruin which now seems irretrievable. All this because the Federal Government took the franchise away from the intelligent South- ern people and set loyal but rascally adven- turers to rule over them. Are we to repeat this process in Utah? Polygamy no doubt is a great crime, just as treason is; but let us stop and consider whether we can best combat it by the method the House of Representatives proposes. The bill which passed on Tuesday excludes Mor- mons from the jury-box and turns every Mormon sherriff out of office. It deprives the whole community of Latter Day Saints of one of the most valuable privileges of citizenship, and puts them at the mercy of a hostile and angry minority. To understand what the ef- fect of this will be, we must consider the character of the population in Utah. The Mormons as a class are thrifty and indus- trious, and whatever the Territory possesses of physical beauty and agricultural wealth they have created. The Gentiles are few in numbers, and among them are naturally to be found a large proportion of unscrupulous adventurers. The Anti-Polygamy law will enable these men to ruin any Mormon upon whose fertile fields or comfortable house they have cast a covetous eye. Does it need a prophet to foretell what will happen? Can there be any doubt that in three or four years the real settlers of the Territory will be crushed or driven out, and carpet-baggers reveling in the plunder of their property? The true remedy for the curse of Mormon society is the dissemination of intelligence ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33A_F10_I5_p003.jpg) THURSDAY, JUNE 4, 1874. ?and the gradual settlement of the Western plains by means of railway development. The opening of the iron highroad across the continent sounded the doom of that supersti- tion upon which Brigham Young built his power. Let it alone, and it will fall by its own rottenness; but give us no more of the experiment which brought such disaster upon South Carolina and Louisiana. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33A_F10_I6_p001.jpg) New-York Tribune. New York, June 22 1874 My Dear Sir: I am greatly gratified with the approval of our article on more reconstruction expressed in your favor of the 8th inst. The little book to which your letter refers must have miscarried. I have had the mails care- fully watched for it, but in vain. Very truly yours, Whitelan Reid Gen. Thomas L. Kane, Kane, Pa. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33A_F10_I7_p001.jpg) New-York Daily Tribune. FOUNDED BY HORACE GREELEY. SATURDAY, JUNE 13, 1874. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33A_F10_I7_p002.jpg) SOUTH CAROLINA—UTAH It is said to be almost certain that the bill ?for the regulation of affairs in the Territory of Utah, passed some days ago by the House, will be passed by the Senate and approved by the President. The provisions of the bill have been heretofore stated at length in THE TRIB- UNE, and do not need to be repeated. It is sufficient to say that its effect is to turn every Mormon sheriff out of office, and deprive every member of the Mormon church of one of the most valuable rights of citizenship by excluding them from the jury box. It is, in short, to do for Utah what has been done already for South Carolina. 44b We beg the Senate to consider this question seriously as one not of sentiment but purely of good government and safe precedent. To turn the owners of the fruitful farms and productive fields of Utah out of the jury-box and disfranchise them from one of the most important privileges of the citizen, is a step in- volving the gravest consequences not alone to the men whose rights of life, liberty, and prop- erty are thus put at the mercy of a minority, but to the whole structure of our government. We leave entirely out of the question now the fact that the minority in that Territory, known as Gentiles, are for the most part landless and irresponsible, having little or no stake in the Territory, and the further fact, patent to all who a familiar with the affairs of Utah, that this law is asked for by men whose sole object is to secure the offices and enrich themselves at the expense of the original settlers and present property owners. We make no account of the fact that these men are making a burlesque of morality and religion when they pretend to be actuated only by a desire to purify the morals of the Territory and maintain the Christian religion. We ask the Senate to lay aside the social and religious aspects of the case and treat the sub- ject from a purely political point of view. The bill passed the House under the stress of appeals to sentiment, prejudice, and passion. Upon the theory that the disgraceful crime of polygamy must be suppressed at all hazards, this bill, which is a worse political crime than the one it is aimed at, since it is a blow at self-government and a denial of popular rights, has been rushed through one branch of the National Legislature. The offenses of the Mormons are not to be overlooked or defended; they are a disgrace to the present century and to our civilization. Nor can the law- less acts which were committed under the sanction of the Mormon church during the time when that community was isolated from the rest of the world, and found im- punity in that isolation, be in any manner justified or condoned. But neither their past offenses nor their continued disregard of the laws prohibiting polygamy can justify so sweeping a measure as this. The blow which this bill aims at a single community and a single crime strikes at our system of govern- ment; it establishes a precedent fraught with most dangerous consequences to the country ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33A_F10_I7_p003.jpg) and the people. In the case of South Carol[--] there was the excuse that her citizens committed a political crime in engaging rebellion; that they had thereby disfranchise themselves, and furthermore, that the eman- cipated and enfranchised blacks needed pro- tection. But here there is no such argument. With South Carolina lying prostrate and helpless under the foot of the spoiler, her citizens impoverished, business ruined, enter- prise destroyed, lands sold for taxes, her people at the mercy of an ignorant and dis- honest rabble, her legislators and her rulers a gang of unprincipled adventurers and shame- less thieves, and the whole State crying to the President, to Congress, and even to the passer- by for succor and relief—with such an example of the effect of this sort of legislation under the very eyes of Congress, it is almost incredible that the same policy toward the Territory of Utah should be proposed. South Caro[--] should be a sufficient warning. The dece[--] and reputable citizens, tax-payers of that State, have sent delegations to Washington praying for some measure of relief. Both the President and Congress have listened to them coldly, and while admitting the hardships of their situation, have said they could give them no help. Is it possible that in face of these facts the process which has brought South Carolina low is to be applied to Utah ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33A_F11_I1_p001.jpg) West New Brighton Staten Island NY 22 ' June 1874, My dear Sir. I owe you a sincere apology for my delay in answering your kind note - undated - and in thanking you for this little book which Mr. Kane. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33A_F11_I1_p002.jpg) I shall read with [-]eat intended, and, as I can see with [-]eat instruction. The reason of my delay, as I hope you have m[---]ed, was a[--]ence from home. You recall days ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33A_F11_I1_p003.jpg) that seem very far away - but which none who knew them are likely to forget I sent you a semi- [--]iscence of them in a eulogy upon Mr. Lumner. Very faithfully Yours Ge[--] William Curtis ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33A_F11_I2_p001.jpg) 45a Thusbons June 23/74 Genl Thomas L Kane Dear Sir On my return home I was greatly surprised and pleased to find your letter of the 8th and the accompanying volume, written by your wife & published by her father – I have devoted the little leisure which I have been able to command to a perusal of the book I have no expectation that the Commendations of one whose daily common=place duties leave little room for an acquaintance with the literary world could have ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33A_F11_I2_p002.jpg) Any value; but I am sure that I may say with entire propriety that I have been both interested and instructed by my perusal of the book - Accept my thanks for your kind remembrance of me. I Suffer the assurance that I shall prize the gift both because of its own merits _ and because of the giver. Very Truly Yours Henry W. Williams ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33A_F11_I3_p001.jpg) The Greely Tribune. WEDNESDAY MORNING, JUNE 24, 1874. PUBLISHED EVERY WEEK ON MAPLE STREET, GREELEY, COLORADO. N. C. MEEKER, Editor and Proprietor. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33A_F11_I3_p002.jpg) ly done himself great credit in the preparation of this guide and the traveling public great service, by the extent and accuracy of its de- tails.—Central Register. 46b We have received Twelve Mormon Homes, a book describing a journey from Salt Lake City, south to Arizona, by a lady who stopped at the Twelve Homes. The style is easy-and plain, the binding and paper are ex- cellent, and the whole book highly creditable. Every reader must be interested in the full descriptions of domestic life among the Mor- mons. The book is printed for private circu- lation, and the author is a lady belonging to a noted Philadelphia family, which in the Mor- mon war did great service to those people. She was everywhere treated well, and by no one with more attention than Brigham Young himself. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33A_F11_I4_p001.jpg) THE PRESBYTERIAN. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33A_F11_I4_p002.jpg) SATURDAY, JUNE 27, 1874. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33A_F11_I4_p003.jpg) Recent Publications. The Mormon Problem. By far the most important contribution which has yet been made to a proper un- derstanding of the Mormon question has come to us in a little, neatly-printed vol- ume, entitled “Twelve Mormon Homes Visited in Succession on a Journey Through Utah to Arizona.” We have had accounts enough from the Church of the Latter-day Saints by travellers, reporters, and book- makers, who could get only superficial im- pressions, and, therefore, simply amused their readers with the grotesque side of the subject, or moralized upon it in hopeless perplexity. But the narrative before us, as its title implies, gives us nothing less than an inside view of the peculiar domes- tic institution of Utah, obtained under the most favorable circumstances by a Pres- byterian lady travelling, with her husband and children, in the suite of President Brigham Young on one of his official tours through the Territory. The whole interior of the Mormon household is disclosed, and its different inmates, economy, and practi- cal working sketched from life in a familiar, epistolary style, with touches of humor and poetic sentiment when graver ques- tions are not present. Whilst there is no extenuation of the scandalous creed of these deluded people, its results are dis- cussed with perfect fairness, good judg- ment, and delicacy, and the repulsion which it excites ever tempered with wo- manly charity, and pity for its helpless victims—the wives and children of polyga- mous marriages—for whom there can be no future which is not simply deplorable. Noble women are bringing us from foreign missionary fields reports and appeals in behalf of their sisters who are crushed un- der the yoke of Brahminical and Moham- medan superstition; but no one hitherto has been brave enough to penetrate be- hind this revived heathenism within our own borders, and furnish us with the means of estimating its strength and weak- ness, and of dealing with it in a practical and Christian spirit. At the present mo- ment especially, when the vexed question is before Congress, and likely to come be- fore the whole people, there could not have been a more timely disclosure, or one bet- ter fitted to give a wise direction to public sentiment. It is with such a moral pur- pose that the private letters of this lady have been collected in printed form by her father, William Wood, Esq., a gentleman well known in orthodox circles, who ex- presses the conviction, in his introductory note, that “any renewal of the persecution to which these unfortunate people have been subjected will confirm them in their most objectionable practices and opinions, and contribute directly to augment their numbers and influence as a sect.” ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33A_F11_I5_p001.jpg) House of Representatives, Washington, D.C. June 24, 1874. My dear General: You will pardon my writing upon this form of paper, my letter I have packed up and sent away. As I telegraphed you yesterday evening, the Poland Bill passed with amendments. Herewith I send you a copy. I fought hard to defeat it and hoped for awhile yester- day that it could be forced over till next session; but the influence behind it from high places was such that the Ses- sion would have been prolong- ed until it could have been ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33A_F11_I5_p002.jpg) House of Representatives, Washington, D.C. 187 made law. Indeed, I am sure that seven hours were added to it as it was, in order that it might be reached. Eleven o'clock was the hour at which the Leg- islative day closed; at the in- stance of the leaders of the two houses, an extension was voted till four o'clock. At 10 minutes past 2 this Bill came over from the Senate. It was laid aside in the Senate for the Post Route Bill; but it was engrossed ahead of this latter bill, and sent to the House, pressure being brought to bear upon the Secretary and staff to hurry it through their ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33A_F11_I5_p003.jpg) House of Representatives, Washington, D.C. 187 hands. To get these engrossed for signature another extension was voted, six o'clock being the hour fixed. I was fortunate in getting amendments made. Every one I suggested to Senator Sargent and prepared for him was adopted. He fought gallantly. But last evening I felt battered and wound- ed and somewhat dispirited. I had set my heart upon beat- ing the Bill. To-day I feel better. Considering the length and bitterness of the contest, I think it is fortunate the measure is no worse. The men from Utah ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33A_F11_I5_p004.jpg) House of Representatives, Washington, D.C. 187 who are here to get legislation call it an abortion. This morning I called upon Senator Frelinghuysen and thank- ed him for the disposition he had shown to admit amendments, and I took occasion to suggest that now, with such a Bill giv- ing such power to U.S. officers, we ought, at least, to have gen- tlemen. I mentioned the same to the Attorney General and to Mr. Sarjent, and they all were of the opinion that at least we should have a different Marshal. I think they will work for a change, though Mr. Williams reminded me that he ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33A_F11_I5_p005.jpg) House of Representatives, Washington, D. C. 187 was put there by Senator Chandler. He did this in a tone to lead me to infer that he was a power. I shall go to New York this evening and probably be there one day and then return to Phila- delphia. I would have much gratified to have seen you before calling upon Mr. Clay to again had your suggestions. I hope the health of yourself and family With kind regards to you, Mrs. Kane and the children I am Your Friend, Maj. Gen. Thos L. Kane, Geo. Q. Cannon Kane, McKean Co. Pa. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33A_F11_I6_p001.jpg) The New York Times. WITH SUPPLEMENT. NEW-YORK, WEDNESDAY, JUNE 3, 1874. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33A_F11_I6_p002.jpg) THE MORMON QUESTION IN CON- GRESS. 48e The House of Representatives is running the law-making machinery at a high rate of speed. On Monday it passed the Revenue bill. Yesterday, under the lead of Judge POLAND, it passed a bill for the regulation of the courts in Utah. The principal object of the bill is to enable cases, both civil and criminal, involving polyga- my and polygamists to be tried before Judges and juries who do not believe in polygamy. These cases are necessarily con- fined for the most part to two classes, viz., cases where the “wives” of polygamists sue for divorce on the ground of previous mar- riage or of adultery, and cases where polyg- amists are prosecuted criminally. This bill raises the whole question of the proper treatment by the United States of the practice of polygamy, and this, though not in any sense a general question or likely to become one, is certainly an important one. The question naturally involves two consid- erations, first, what ought, in justice to all concerned, to be done? and, second, what can prudently be undertaken? There is no one who will not concede that polygamy is an offense, and a very grave one, against the standard of morality accepted by the great body of the people of the United States. It is something that the law could not and would not sanction in any State. It is visited with severe penalties in all parts of the Union, and it is forbidden and punishment provided for its commission in the Territories by an act of Congress. By this act, with the cordial approval of public sentiment, Congress has declared its inten- tion to put an end to the practice of polyg- amy in Utah, and for several years vigorous efforts have at intervals been made to that end. These efforts have failed, and their failure raises the second Question. What is prudent ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33A_F11_I6_p003.jpg) to undertake in the premises? It is one thing to pass laws against polygamy; it is quite another to enforce them in a com- munity where the major part of the num- bers, the wealth, the social influence, the local political power, and the intellectual energy is with the offenders. The bill passed by the House undoubtedly is in- tended to put it in the power of the minority, by the aid of the United States courts, to prosecute polygamists for their crime, (it unquestionably is a crime in every sense of the word,) and to secure their conviction by excluding polyga- mists from the jury-box. Abstractly this is right. As a matter of fact, it is calculated to give rise to some grave doubts. It is ob- vious that such a power, if exercised at all should be exercised by the purest and most disinterested men, and with the greatest caution. The institution of polygamy in Utah cannot be wiped out by wholesale prosecutions. If there are to be any prose- cutions at all they should be di- ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33A_F11_I6_p004.jpg) rected against a few leading men; the law should be shown to be a reality, capable of enforcement; punish- ment, considerable, but not destructive of all liberty and property, should be admin- istered; and then time should be allowed for the gradual recognition of the new state of things. We are not at all clear that this prudent and effective course would be adopt- ed under the bill passed by the House. There are ugly rumors concerning the motives that have actuated the pro- moters of the bill in the Mormon Terri- tory. It is certain that there is a consider- able number of “Gentiles” of easy conscience who are in a position to profit by anything that should work a sudden change in the prospects of the principal polygamist prop- erty-owners. The only check on this class, should the bill become a law, would be the integrity and discretion of the Judge and District Attorney of the District Court. From reports that have reached the East, there is room for doubt whether this check, in the case of the present incumbents, would be worth much. 48g On the other hand, we do not see that any valid objection can be made to the pro- visions of the bill which relate to cases of divorce sought on the ground of adultery or previous marriage, and authorizing a suitable alimony to the plaintiff, and the maintenance of herself and children. Sep- aration of “wives” from polygamist hus- bands ought to be facilitated in every way. It is the key to the situation in Utah. Many forces are operating, with considerable ef- fect, to make the Mormon women discon- tented with their position. The railroad has brought the outer world to their doors. A knowledge of what life is to wives under the monogamous system is gradually spreading among them. It is even whispered that the luxuries accorded to women who have a monopoly of their hus- bands’ expenditures for bonnets and dresses are helping to awaken the minds of Mormon wives to the advantages of a mode of wed- ded life different to theirs. But, whatever the temptations to revolt, they are power- less in the face of the poverty that awaits any Mormon woman in Utah who deserts her “husband’s” bed and board. If, then, the law can give to those women who desire to break with polygamy, a right to reason able alimony, a step, and a [---] one, will have been made toward a social revolution. We are inclined to think that legislation of this kind is likely to be almost the only legislation with reference to this delicate and complex question that is needed, or that is calculated to do much good. The power of criminal prosecution, however justified in theory, is one capable of monstrous abuses. The in- creased facility for divorce is hardly liable to the same objection. The men and women of Utah are about equal in numbers. Break down the illegal barriers which prevent their seeking associations such as are uni- versal in other parts of the country, and time and increased means of intercourse with the remainder of the world, will do a great deal to produce a normal condition of things in the Territory. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33A_F11_I7_p001.jpg) 43D CONGRESS, H. R. 3097. 1ST SESSION. IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES JUNE 4, 1874. Read twice and referred to the Committee on the Judiciary. JUNE 11, 1874. Reported by Mr. FRELINGHUYSEN with an amendment, viz: Strike out the part within [brackets]. AN ACT In relation to courts and judicial officers in the Territory of Utah. 1 Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representa- 2 tives of the United States of America in Congress assembled, 3 That it shall be the duty of the United States marshal of the 4 Territory of Utah, in person or by deputy, to attend all 5 sessions of the supreme and district courts in said Territory, 6 and to serve and execute all process and writs issued out of, 7 and all orders, judgments, and decrees made by, said courts, 8 or by any judge thereof, unless said court or judge shall other- 9 wise order in any particular case. All process, writs, or other 10 papers left with said marshal, or either of his deputies, shall 11 be served without delay, aud in the order in which they are 12 received, upon payment or tender of his legal fees therefor; 13 and it shall be unlawful for said marshal to demand or receive ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33A_F11_I7_p002.jpg) 14 mileage for any greater distance than the actual distance by 15 the usual routes from the place of service or execution of 16 process, writ, or other paper, to the place of return of the same, 17 except that when it shall be necessary to convey any person 18 arrested by legal authority out of the county in which he is 19 arrested, said marshal shall be entitled to mileage for the 20 whole distance necessarily travelled in delivering the person 21 so arrested before the court or officer ordering such arrest. 22 Said marshal is hereby authorized to appoint as many 23 deputies as may be necessary, each of whom shall have 24 authority, in the name of said marshal, to perform any act 25 with like effect and in like manner as said marshal; and the 26 marshal shall be liable for all official acts of such deputies as 27 if done by himself. Such appointment shall not be complete 28 until he shall give bond to said marshal, with sureties, to be 29 by him approved, in the penal sum of ten thousand dollars, 30 conditioned for the faithful discharge of his duties; and he 31 shall also take and subscribe the same oath prescribed by law 32 to be taken by said marshal; and said appointment, bond, 33 and oath shall be filed and remain in the office of the clerk of 34 the supreme court of said Territory. In actions brought 35 against said marshal for the misfeasance or non-feasance of any 36 deputy, it shall be lawful for the plaintiff, at his option, to 37 join the said deputy and the sureties on his bond with said 38 marshal and his sureties. Any process, either civil or crimi- ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33A_F11_I7_p003.jpg) 39 nal, returnable to the supreme or district courts, may be 40 served in any county by the sheriff thereof or his legal 41 deputy, and they may also serve any other process which 42 may be authorized by act of the territorial legislature. 1 SEC. 2. That it shall be the duty of the United States 2 attorney in said Territory, in person or by an assistant, to 3 attend all the courts of record having jurisdiction of offenses 4 as well under the laws of said Territory as of the United 5 States, and perform the duties of prosecuting officer in all 6 criminal cases arising in said courts; and he is hereby author- 7 ized to appoint as many assistants as may be necessary, each 8 of whom shall subscribe the same oath as is prescribed by 9 law for said United States attorney; and the said appoint- 10 ment and oath shall be filed and remain in the office of the 11 clerk of the supreme court of said Territory. The United 12 States attorney shall be entitled to the same fees for services 13 rendered by said assistants as he would be entitled to for the 14 same services if rendered by himself. The territorial legislature 15 may provide for the election of a prosecuting attorney in any 16 county; and such attorney, if authorized so to do by such 17 legislature, may commence prosecutions for offenses under 18 the laws of the Territory within such county, and if such 19 prosecution is carried to the district court by recognizance or 20 appeal, or otherwise may aid in conducting the prosecution 21 in such court. And the costs and expenses of all prosecu- ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33A_F11_I7_p004.jpg) 22 tions for offenses against any law of the territorial legislature 23 shall be paid out of the treasury of the Territory. 1 SEC. 3. That there shall be held in each year two terms 2 of the supreme court of said Territory, and four terms of 3 each district court, at such times as the governor of the Ter- 4 ritory may by proclamation fix. The district courts shall 5 have exclusive original jurisdiction in all suits or proceedings 6 in chancery, and in all actions at law in which the sum or 7 value of the thing iu controversy shall be three hundred dol- 8 lars or upward, and in all controversies where the title, pos- 9 session, or boundaries of land, or mines or mining-claims 10 shall be in dispute, whatever their value, except in actions for 11 forcible entry or forcible and unlawful detainer; and they shall 12 have jurisdiction in suits for divorce. When a bill is filed by 13 a woman to declare a marriage or pretended marriage void, 14 on account of a previous subsisting marriage of the defendant 15 to another woman, the court or judge thereof may grant such 16 reasonable sum for alimony and counsel-fees as the circum- 17 stances of the case will justify; and may likewise, by final 18 decree, make such allowance for the maintenance of the com- 19 plainant and her children by the defendant as may be just 20 and reasonable. And whenever, in any proceeding for 21 divorce, or in any civil cause, or in any criminal prosecu- 22 tion, it is necessary to prove the existence of the marriage- 23 relation between two persons, it shall not be necessary to ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33A_F11_I7_p005.jpg) [Column 1] Nothing in this act shall be construed to impair the authority of the Probate Courts to enter land in trust for the use and benefit of the occupants of towns in the various counties of the Territory of Utah according to the provisions of “an act for the relief of the inhabitants of cities and towns upon public lands,” approved Mar. 2, 1867, and “an act to amend an act entitled an act for the relief of the inhabitants of cities and towns upon the public lands,’” approved June 8, 1868; or to dis- charge the duties assigned to the Probate Judges by an act of the Legislative Assembly of the Territory of Utah, entitled “an act prescribing rules and regulations for the execution of the Trust arising under an act of Congress entitled ‘an act for the relief of the inhabitants of cities and towns upon the public lands.’” [Column 2] 24 prove the same by the production of any record or certificate 25 of the marriage, but evidence of cohabitation between the 26 parties as husband and wife, and the acts, conduct, declara- 27 tions, and admissions of the parties shall be admissible, and 28 the marriage may be established like any question of fact. 29 Probate courts, in their respective counties, shall have juris- 30 diction in the settlement of the estates of decedents, and in 31 matters of guardianship and other like matters; but otherwise 32 they shall have no civil, chancery, or criminal jurisdiction 33 whatever; they shall have jurisdiction of suits of divorce for 34 statutory causes concurrently with the district courts ; but any 35 defendant in a suit for divorce commenced in a probate court 36 shall be entitled, after appearance and before plea or answer, 37 to have said suit removed to the district court having jurisdic- 38 tion, when said suit shall proceed in like manner as if origin- 39 ally commenced in said district court All judgments and 40 decrees heretofore rendered by the probate courts which have 41 been executed, and the time to appeal from which has by the 42 existing laws of said Territory expired, are hereby validated 43 and confirmed. The jurisdiction heretofore conferred upon 44 justices of the peace by the organic act of said Territory is 45 extended to all cases where the debt or sum claimed shall be 46 less than three hundred dollars. From all final judgments of 47 justices of the peace an appeal shall be allowed to the district 48 courts of their respective districts, in the same manner as is ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33A_F11_I7_p006.jpg) 6 49 now provided by the laws of said Territory for appeals to the 50 probate courts; and from the judgments of the probate 51 courts an appeal shall h? to the district court of the 52 district embracing the county in which such probate court 53 is held in such cases and in such manner as the supreme 54 court of said Territory may, by general rules framed for that 55 purpose, specify and designate; and such appeal shall vacate 56 the judgment appealed from, and the case shall be tried de 57 novo in the appellate caurt. Appeals may be taken from 58 both justices’ and probate courts to the district court of their 59 respective districts in cases where judgments have been here- 60 tofore rendered and remain unexecuted; but this provision 61 shall not enlarge the time for taking an appeal beyond the 62 periods now allowed by the existing laws of said Territory 63 for taking appeals. <*> Whenever the condition of the business 64 in the district court of any district is such that the judge of 65 the district is unable to do the same, he may request the judge 66 of either of the other districts to assist him, and, upon such 67 request made, the judge so requested may hold the whole or 68 part of any term, or any branch thereof; and his acts as such 69 judge shall be of equal force as if he were duly assigned to 70 hold the courts in such district. 1 SEC. 4. That within sixty days after the passage of this 2 act, and in the month of January annually thereafter, the 3 clerk of the district court in each judicial district, and the [inserted text on left side of page] * A writ of error from the Supreme Court of the U.S. to the Supreme Court of the Territory shall lie in criminal cases when the accused shall have been sentenced to capital pun- ishment or convicted of bigamy or polygamy. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33A_F11_I7_p007.jpg) 4 judge of probate of the county in which the district court is 5 next to be held, shall prepare a jury-list from which grand 6 and petit jurors shall be drawn, to serve in the district courts 7 of such district, until a new list shall be made as herein 8 provided. Said clerk and probate judge shall alternately 9 select the name of a male citizen of the United States 10 who has resided in the district for the period of six 11 months next preceding, and who can read and write in the 12 English language; and, as selected, the name and residence 13 of each shall be entered upon the list, until the same shall 14 contain two hundred names, when the same shall be duly 15 certified by such clerk and probate judge; and the same 16 shall be filed in the office of the clerk of such district court, 17 and a duplicate copy shall be made and certified by such 18 officers, and filed in the office of said probate judge. When- 19 ever a grand or petit jury is to be drawn to serve at any 20 term of a district court, the judge of such district shall give 21 public notice of the time and place of the drawing of such 22 jury, which shall be at least twelve days before the com- 23 mencement of such term; and on the day and at the place 24 thus fixed, the judge of such district shall hold an open 25 session of his court, and shall preside at the drawing of 26 such jury: and the clerk of such court shall write the name 27 of each person on the jury-lists returned and filed in his 28 office upon a separate slip of paper, as nearly as practicable ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33A_F11_I7_p008.jpg) 29 of the same size and form; and all such slips shall, by the 30 clerk in open court, be placed in a covered box and thor- 31 oughly mixed and mingled; and thereupon the United 32 States marshal, or his deputy, shall proceed to fairly draw 33 by lot from said box such number of names as may have 34 previously been directed by said judge; and if both a grand 35 and petit jury are to be drawn, the grand jury shall be 36 drawn first; and when the drawing shall have been con- 37 cluded, the clerk of the district court shall issue a venire to 38 the marshal, or his deputy, directing him to summon the 39 persons so drawn; and the same shall be duly served on each 40 of the persons so drawn at least seven days before the com- 41 mencement of the term at which they are to serve; and the 42 jurors so drawn and summoned shall constitute the regular 43 grand and petit juries for the term for all cases. And the 44 names thus drawn from the box by the clerk shall not 45 be returned to or again placed in said box until a 46 new jury-list shall be made. If during any term of 47 the district court any additional grand or petit jurors 48 shall be necessary, the same shall be drawn from said 49 box by the United States marshal in open court; but 50 if the attendance of those drawn cannot be obtained 51 in a reasonable time, other names may be drawn in 52 the same manner. Each party, whether in civil or criminal 53 cases, shall be allowed three peremptory challenges; and in except in capital cases where the prosecution and the defence shall each be allowed fifteen challenges. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33A_F11_I7_p009.jpg) 54 the trial of any prosecution for adultery, bigamy, or 55 polygamy, it shall be a good cause of principal challenge to 56 any juror that he practices polygamy, or that he believes in 57 the rightfulness of the same. In criminal cases, the court, and 58 not the jury, shall pronounce the punishment under the limi- 59 tation prescribed by law. The grand jury must inquire into 60 the case of every person imprisoned within the district on 61 a criminal charge and not indicted; into the condition and 62 management of the public prisons within the district; and 63 into the willful and corrupt misconduct in office of public offi- 64 cers of every description within the district; and they are also 65 entitled to free access, at all reasonable times, to the public 66 prisons, and to the examination, without charge, of all public 67 records within the district. 1 SEC. 5. That there shall be appointed by the governor 2 of said Territory one or more notaries public for each organ- 3 ized county, whose term of office shall be two years and until 4 their successors shall be appointed and qualified. The act of 5 the legislative assembly of the Territory of Utah entitled “An 6 act concerning notaries public,” approved January seventeenth, 7 eighteen hundred and sixty-six, is hereby approved, except 8 the first section thereof, which is hereby disapproved: Pro- 9 vided, That wherever, in said act, the words “probate judge” 10 or “clerk of the probate court” are used, the words “secretary 11 of the Territory” shall be substituted. H. R. 3097—2 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33A_F11_I7_p010.jpg) 10 1 SEC. 6. That the supreme court of said Territory is 2 hereby authorized to appoint commissioners of said court, who 3 shall have and exercise all the duties of commissioners of the 4 circuit courts of the United States, and to take acknowledg- 5 ments of bail; and, in addition, they shall have the same au- 6 thority as examining and committing magistrates in all cases 7 arising under the laws of said Territory as is now possessed 8 by justices of the peace in said Territory. 1 [SEC. 7. That the common law of England, as the same 2 is defined and modified by the courts of last resort in those 3 States of the United States where the common law prevails, 4 shall be the rule of decision in all the courts of said Terri- 5 tory so far as it is not repugnant to or inconsistent with the 6 Constitution and laws of the United States and the existing 7 statutes of said Territory.] 1 SEC. [8] 7. That the act of the territorial legislature of the 2 Territory of Utah entitled “An act in relation to marshals and 3 attorneys,” approved March third, eighteen hundred and fifty- 4 two, and all laws of said Territory inconsistent with the pro- 5 visions of this act, are hereby disapproved. The act of the 6 Congress of the United States entitled “An act to regulate 7 the fees and costs to be allowed clerks, marshals, and attor- 8 neys of the circuit and district courts of the United States, 9 and for other purposes,” approved February twenty-sixth, 10 eighteen hundred and fifty-three, is extented over and shall ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33A_F11_I7_p011.jpg) 11 apply to the fees of like officers in said Territory of Utah 12 But the district attorney shall not, by fees and salary together, 13 receive more than thirty-five hundred dollars per year; and 14 all fees or moneys received by him above said amount shall 15 be paid into the Treasury of the United States. Passed the House of Representatives June 2, 1874. Attest: EDWARD McPHERSON, Clerk, By CLINTON LLOYD, Chief Clerk. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33A_F11_I7_p012.jpg) 3D CONGRESS,} H. R. 3097?. 1ST SESSION.} AN ACT In relation to courts and judicial officers in the Territory of Utah. 1874—JUNE 4.—Read twice and referred to the Committee on the Judiciary. JUNE 11.—Reported with an amendment. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33A_F12_I1_p001.jpg) THE CAPITAL.----JULY 5, 1874. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33A_F12_I1_p002.jpg) 49b NEW BOOKS. "THE MORMON COUNTRY—a Summer with the Latter-day Saints.” By John Codman. United States Publishing Company, New York. “TWELVE MORMON HOMES visited in succession on a journey through Utah to Arizona.” Phil- adelphia. By a lady. Few subjects have created so wide an interest as that presented by the followers of Brigham, now settled in Utah. Their strange origin, cruel persecution, struggles and wanderings have been referred to for years as presenting a phase of human nature, under religious influences, almost without a parallel since the days of Moses. It seems but yesterday that the Book of Mormon, claimed to have been written as a novel by a half- witted Methodist divine, was brought out as a revelation by the prophet Smith, in the town of Hiram, Ohio. Smith sought in vain to gather about him enough followers to constitute a church, until, in an evil hour, a few misguided and cruel men seized upon the poor creature in the night time and most brutally maltreated him. He was beaten until nearly dead, and, after re- ceiving a coat of tar and feathers, was ridden upon a rail. The news of this outrage spread with much rapidity over the country, and when, upon the following Sunday, Smith rose to preach in the grove, where heretofore scarcely a dozen people could be gathered together, thousands came up from hills and valleys and neighboring villages. The magnetism of a great crowd is easily con- centrated, and the result of the prophet’s wild harangue appeared in converts that numbered not by the dozens, but the hundreds. After came the old, old story of fanaticism kept alive by persecution. Whenever the delusion was about dying out certain zealous people, half fool and half scoundrel, gave new life and renewed vigor through abuse. Driven from camp to camp in the States, the devoted believers at last took up their march through the wilderness and made a trail for sub- sequent emigrants that could be traced by the bones of domestic animals and the graves of men. Settling in a barren desert, then a part of Mexico, through their toil that was that of the mule, and their ingenuity or inspiration, they have turned that desert into a garden. But for the success of these fanatics in creating a half-way resting place for the gold-seekers of California, our vast pos- sessions on the Pacific slope would not have been possible, or if possible, a century behind their present wealth and prosperity. Their very success has been the cause of fur- ther persecution and abuse. Almost surrounded by communities made up of criminals escaping conviction and convicts escaping punishment, the possessions of the Mormons are regarded with a greed known only to the border, where the knife and the revolver make each individual his own policeman, and where the ordinary end of man is a disease that leaves on his boots. To these, since the discovery of certain valuable silver mines, are added a horde of the thieves sent out to plunder the honest men of the United States by a corrupt administration, under the name of carpet-bagger. The chief justice, for ex- ample, is a man openly recognized as corrupt, who could be driven into a decision, just or un- just, in the case of the Emma mine, by charges preferred by Senator Stewart, that if proven would have transferred the fellow from the bench he disgraces to the penitentiary he so richly de- serves. Of the same sort are his official associates and subordinates. We can well imagine, then, the abuse under color of law, the most unbeara- ble of all tyranny, to which these poor, inoffen- sive fanatics are subjected. To justify these outrages the land has been filled with falsehoods of the grossest sort. A quiet, law-abiding, religious people have been represented as liars, thieves, murderers and, what is the most distressing to these good men ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33A_F12_I1_p003.jpg) who assail them, polygamists. In vain tourists inform us that they can tell when they pass from a christian settlement to that of the Mormons by the violent contrast presented between the two. The traveler passes from a lawless crowd, where the only known court is that held by Judge Lynch under the limb of a tree, where one has to sleep with his hand on a revolver, to a settlement where kindness takes the place of violence, where arms are uncalled for, where even an un- protected woman may travel a hundred miles without meeting with insult, unless she encoun- ters an Indian or a christian. The lies go on all the same. 49c We have before us two widely-differing books upon this strange people. The first is written by our old friend Captain John Codman, whose communications to THE CAPITAL and books upon Europe have been so widely read and favorably noticed. Captain Codman is a product of the sea. Nearly all his eventful life has been passed upon the briny deep; thirty years of it as captain of ocean steamers. He has now retired from that pursuit and given himself up to touring over the earth and driving a pen upon the re- sults of his observations. He is a keen, clear, fresh builder of sentences that seem to carry the reader with him in his wanderings. Without being deep, he is observant and so honest and patient that he seems to have weighed all sides before giving an opinion. It is not so much what a man may have to tell that makes him agreeable as his agreeable manner of telling it, and Captain Codman has the way of an old salt spinning a forecastle yarn. Making no preten- sion to fine writing, he seems to give us in his quaint way precisely what we most wished to know. As a specimen of the captain’s style we copy from page 122: MORMON FAITH. “On Saturday I left this charming spot, and rode on for twenty-five miles to Salt Lake, avoiding the traveled and more level road, and passing down through Emigration Canon, by which gate the first band of Mormon settlers, under the leadership of Brigham Young, entered upon their new home in 1847, after their long, tedious, patient journey of four months across the desert. “And now, twenty-six years later, I was riding over a good macadamized road, which led me out upon fruitful fields into the view of a large and thriv- ing city, over the same route by which they arrived at these once barren plains. “As I turned around each succeeding rocky point, I could well imagine how it was gazed upon by them as they hoped it was the last, and when the last was actually reached and passed, and the full view of the valley burst upon my sight, the picture of that devoted band was as clearly present to me as if it had been depicted on canvas like that life-like paint- ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33A_F12_I1_p004.jpg) ing of the Western emigrants that is seen in the Capitol at Washington. It seemed that as I listened I might yet catch the echo of their glad hosannas ringing through those Rocky Mountains safely passed at last! 49d “I believe in the utter absurdity and imposture of the Mormon faith, so far as it differs from the recog- nized tenets of christianity; but I believe in the sin- cerity of the great majority of its adherents, and I want no better proof of this than their history. “The persecutions endured by the Israelites at the hands of the Egyptians were as nothing in compari- son with those suffered by the Mormon people at the hands of their nominally christian countrymen, who drove them from one settlement and State to another, until they formed a resolution to put them- selves, as they fondly hoped, forever beyond their reach. “Brigham Young, with all his prophetic instinct, never dreamed that they could be molested here. On his dreary journey, and shortly before his arrival, he was met by a Mormon missionary returning from California. He depicted in glowing colors the beau- ties of that region, its lovely climate, its fertile soil its claim to be what it has since so amply proved, a second Paradise. Brigham listened patiently to his report, and then replied, ‘All that shows that it is no place for us—the Gentiles would rout us out.’ “He had never yet seen the Salt Lake valley, but he knew that it was a desert. He had an inspira- tion, however, which he chose to call a ‘revelation,’ that this was the destination of his people, and that the Almighty would change the desert to a garden for them. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33A_F12_I1_p005.jpg) “It must be remembered, moreover, that at this time Utah was Mexican territory. Once settled there, the Mormons would owe no allegiance to the United States Government, and as to the Mexicans, they had no fear of them. In their eyes they were merely Canaanites, and ‘the sword of the Lord and of Gid- eon’ would be the arbiter of any controversy with them that they might have. 49e ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33A_F12_I1_p006.jpg) "The 'revelation’ given to Brigham Young desig- nated the precise spot where the city of the New Je- rusalem should be located. As they came out through Emigration Cañon, the little army of believers turned to the right, obedient to the direction of their leader, and marched four miles before he cried ‘Halt!’ Every individual came to a standstill. A fervent prayer of thanksgiving to Almighty God, their pre- server, was offered, and ended with a loud and joy- ful ‘Amen.’ 49f “After this act of faith there followed immedi- ately one of the grandest acts of works on record, and these two great ideas of faith and works have been ever since the guiding stars of their eminently practical religion. “Before a moment’s rest was allowed to man or beast, other than the time occupied by the prayer— before a mouthful of food could be eaten, the ani- mals were unhitched from the wagons and yoked to the plows, the furrows were turned, an irrigating ditch was dug, the seed planted, and then they rested from their labors, and now their works do fol- low them. “History has no parallel to the energy and perse- verance of this people. They were nurtured and made robust by the fillip of persecution, so that when they left the banks of the Missouri they were hardened to the work before them. “The journey of Moses and the Israelites, even with its pillar of fire before them, pales into insig- nificance compared with this. Let us accept our own revelation, while we ridicule that of the Mormons. Then we see God on the side of Israel tormenting their persecutors with plague, pestilence and famine; opening seas and rivers for them that they might pass dry-shod; making water to gush from the rock; raining down vegetable and animal food; helping them when they were too lazy to help themselves, and fighting their battles for them; they all the time repining, growling and apostatizing, and, after all, accomplishing in forty years what they should have done in a month. “Look now at these Latter-day Saints! not only at this company of pioneers, but at each succeeding host; more especially the hand-cart expedition of 1856, when six hundred men, women and children started from Iowa, in July, dragging their babies, their property and provisions; crossing the Rocky mountains in the snows of November; losing two hundred of their number on the road by death; yet never murmuring, but every morning and night thanking the Lord who had brought them thus far on their way. “Did not He know their sincerity, it must have sounded like irony in His ears! The ‘devil,’ we are told, ‘is good to his own.’ Surely, if these were his children, he showed his kindness strangely. Ah! they were no children of his; but they were fulfill- ing a mission of the same Almighty Father who rules the universe and every creature therein; who has a work for all to do, the object of which we shall better know by and by. Till that time comes, we will never doubt that these martyrs of religious en- thusiasm suffered in a cause that was in some way acceptable to Him.” The captain tells us about Corinne, a lager beer saloon and assignation house of about one thousand inhabitants. We refer to this more pointedly because this Corinne is the head- quarters of the christian savants who seek to re- deem Utah. A CHRISTIAN LANDMARK. “The city of Corinne is a village of some three hundred and fifty men—perhaps one thousand peo- ple, including women and children. It was founded from motives partly mercenary, partly religious and moral. It is twenty-four miles west of Ogden, the junction of the Central and Union Pacific railroads, and is the nearest available point to Montana. “That great mining district receives its principal supplies from Corinne, from whence also there is daily stage communication over a route of five hun- dred miles through sage-brush deserts, steep cañons and over bare mountains. It is a pleasant drive for those who like these things seasoned with plenty of dust. The freighting business is very brisk. “On the latter part of our route, touching upon the Montana trail, we met and passed dozens of mule caravans going and returning. This trade, now being transferred to the Utah Northern railroad, will con- tinue until the completion of the Northern Pacific railroad. When, if ever, that is accomplished, the people of Montana will dispense with Corinne, and its value as a trading mart will fall to zero. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33A_F12_I1_p007.jpg) "Saints combined with sinners in the endeavor to build up Corinne—not ‘Latter-Day Saints,’ but all other kind of saints who regard Mormonism as the abomination of desolation, anti-Christ, the scarlet woman and the beast of the Apocalypse. 49g “They meant to plant a christian landmark in its midst; to set up a bright and shining light that should throw its pure rays far and wide to scatter the darkness in which the ‘twin relic of barbarism’ had shrouded the land. For this purpose churches and grog-shops were to act in harmony. Therefore there had been opened three of the former and twenty of the latter. The churches are supported by home missionary societies; the grog-shops are main- tained by the voluntary system. “It was a sultry Sunday morning, and, after hav- ing slept and breakfasted at the shanty styled the ‘Bear River Hotel,’ I strayed about the town. My friend Jeff had introduced me to most of the three hundred and fifty resident gentlemen, and so I re- ceived nearly that number of invitations to take a drink, all of which were respectfully declined on the temperance standpoint. That is the only safe sup- port to fall back upon with these hospitable gentle- men. “It was an unusually lively day. A great many teams happened to be in town, and the drivers and traders made the holiday uproarious. The order of exercises [--]ernated with swearing and drinking all day long, and the evening must have been some- ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33A_F12_I1_p008.jpg) thing fearful, for then the dance-houses would be in active operation. 49h “Soon after eleven o’clock I made my way to the nearest church. I was told that was a Presbyterian. On approaching I heard the music of a psalm-tune, from which I inferred that the services had already commenced. On entering, however, I found the solitary musician seated at one of those sewing-ma- chine ‘melodeons,’ and grinding out the missionary hymn. “He stopped on noticing the unexpected addition to the congregation, and entered into conversation. ‘There would be no meeting to-day.’ ‘In fact,’ he added, ‘we don’t have any stated preaching; we have to get along as well as we can with what we pick up.’ In answer to further inquiries, he said that there were three societies which he thus enumerated on the rising scale: ‘The Episcopal, they have one member to their church; the Methodist, they have two; but we have eleven communicants.” There was no little pride in the emphasis given to the pre- ponderance of Presbyterianism. I ventu[-]ed to make two suggestions for the better maintenance of religious worship. One was that the fourteen church members should club together, and, with the assistance of moral sinners outside the pale of the church and the different home missionary societies, support one good minister in one meeting- house, and rent out the other two to help pay ex- penses. ‘Why not?’ “‘That wouldn’t do,’ he said; ‘we couldn’t agree on doctrine nor form.’ ‘Well, then,’ I proposed, 'get some minister more liberal than you are, who for the sake of spreading the gospel would be willing to be like St. Paul, ‘all things to all men’—an Epis- copalian one Sunday, a Methodist the next, and a Presbyterian on a third[-] How would that do?” ‘Oh, pshaw!’ replied the organist, ‘such a fellow would be a damned hypocrite.’” Of course it would not be possible for so ob- serving a man as our friend to go through Utah without learning something of a mine so famous, or rather infamous, throughout the civilized world. We refer to LITTLE EMMA. “I had scarcely deposited my cantinas on the stoop of the hotel, when I was approached by at least a dozen mining speculators or brokers with offers of ‘valuable prospects’ and ‘richly developed mines.’ Let me here explain that 'prospects’ are small excavations, not much larger than badger- holes, in the sides of the mountains. There are tens of thousands of them in this and other cañons. The hills are honey-combed with them. ‘Richly de- veloped mines’ are likewise plentiful, but most of the riches are put in, and too often little in return is taken out. Now and then, as in the case of the ‘Emma,’ the ‘Flagstaff,’ and some few others, more is taken out than is put in. But it is doubtful if the English capitalists who buried five million pounds sterling in the Emma will be able to dig one million of it out. I secured a seat at the table as far as pos- sible from the crowd that had assaulted me, so that I might peacefully enjoy my dinner, which was a very good one; and it may be added that Mr. Fuller’s hotel is in all respects a remarkably excellent house, considering its locality. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33A_F12_I1_p009.jpg) “In the afternoon I made the acquaintance of Mr. Thomas Sweeney, who assured me that the New York alderman of the same name was no relative of his. So I trusted more readily to his guidance and information. We first walked up to the Emma mine. “‘Now,’ says Mr. Sweeney, ‘I’ll tell you what, there’s some queer capers going on, as there have always been going on, about that Emma.’ There- upon he went back into its early history, and from his statements, corroborated by those of others, this is it: The actual discovery of the mine, like that of great continents and inventions, is somewhat in- volved in obscurity. A certain Mr. Smith first stum- bled on it, but Mr. Woodman, whom I afterwards met, assured me that he made the first practical ex- ploration in the year 1865. In 1868 Mr. Woodman and his partner offered one quarter of the mine for $3,000, and could not find a purchaser. They had then worked down eighty-five feet, and commenced shipping and selling their ore. Before that they were so reduced that in their log cabin they actually suffered for want of food. 49i “After they had proved the value of the mine to some extent, Walker brothers of Salt Lake paid them $25,000 for one sixth, and then Mr. Hussey paid them $25,000 for one quarter of it. These parties there- upon altogether sold the whole to Parks and Baxter for $750,000, which large sum these gentlemen ac- tually realized from the products of the mine. “Then came in a great deal of dark financial man- agement, in which Mr. Sam Ten Eyck, whom I saw at Parley Park, where he is now operating on a new ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33A_F12_I1_p010.jpg) mining scheme, claims to have borne a conspicuous part. Senator Stewart of Nevada, in some way or other, is said to have made $100,000 out of these ma- neuvers. Whether Mr. Schenck, our minister to London, made any money or not is not positively known, but that he lost a great deal of reputation is notorious. Finally, through the instrumentality, direct or indirect, of all these parties, the Emma Mine was “stocked” in the English market for £1,000,000, in 50,000 shares of £20 each. The mine had paid for itself to its previous owners. This im- mense sum was all clear profit, less undiscovered brokers’ commissions. 49j “Eighteen per cent. dividend was guaranteed to the stockholders for the first year—nothing was said about the second year; but poor gullible John Bull was led to suppose that the dividend would be yet more abundant. The price of shares rushed rapidly up to £33. The eighteen per cent. was punctually paid out of the sale of ore which had been reserved for that purpose. The sellers could well have afforded to pay it even if none had been produced. In the second year the dividend was nothing. The stock fell to £2.10s., is now about £4, and what it will be in the future is a mystery. “There are two theories in Alta. One is that the vein has actually given out and the mine is worth nothing; the other is that there is a rich deposit in sight, capable of producing one hundred tons per day, whereas the policy now is to turn out only fifteen tons, in order to 'bear down’ and buy in the stock. One supposition or the other is likely to be true, but I would not like to speculate on either. “It is some satisfaction that, whatever may have been the sharp practice of Americans in the first place, the present 'devilish sly’ trick and secrecy is being performed and maintained by Englishmen, who now control the affairs of the mine. “At the entrance of the shaft are various stagings, buildings and offices connected with its operations. We applied to the proper person for liberty to enter the bowels of the precious earth, and met with a de- cided though courteous refusal. There were then evidently secrets down there, and secrecy was to be maintained for the speculative purposes already in- dicated. This stamps the present as well as the past management a swindle. The stock of the Emma mine is on the open market, and if it is the desire of those who control it that the public should know its real value, there should be no concealment of this kind. Surely, then, be the mine valuable or value- less, it is a stock-jobbing fraud. “I was once refused admittance to a pin factory in Birmingham, lest I should steal the trade, and now was refused admittance to a British mine, lest the public should know the value of their own property. “Some little statistical data were, however, af- forded. The tunnel is 375 feet long; the shaft, 400 feet deep; 150 men are daily employed. The ave- rage value of the ore is from $150 to $200 per ton, 42 per cent of which is lead, and 100 ounces of it to the ton is silver—and that is all that could be learned from the clerk of the office; and so we descended to the hotel.” Our entertaining and honest old salt ends his volume by a general summing up, as follows: ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33A_F12_I1_p011.jpg) THE MORMONS. “In my wanderings among the Mormon people I may have been too much attracted by the poetry of their primitive and pastoral life, and too grateful for their hospitality, to criticise them severely. “Why should I? I don’t believe in their revelations; and God forbid that I should be understood as at- tempting to justify polygamy. Mormonism is not my religion, nor polygamy my practice. But for all that, if I knew that the press, supposing it to notice this little book, would abuse me unmercifully, and if the 'forty thousand parson-power’ of all the pulpits should come down with its anathemas, I will say this: In all my voyages and travels about the world, I never before passed three months in a com- munity more industrious, upright, honest in dealing among themselves and with others, quiet, inoffen- sive, loyal to government, temperate, virtuous and religious, than these Mormons. “With all its impositions and absurdities, a reli- gion that will produce results like these must have in it of good—something. Yes, a great deal! “Lest injustice should be done to the Gentile pop- ulation of the territory, let me explain, if I have not already done so by implication, that this small out- side element does not fairly represent Eastern civili- zation. “Most of the non-Mormons whom I have styled Gentiles in accordance with the general acceptation of the term, are those who come for temporary pur- poses of trading, mining and other speculations. The greater part of them are without families, and frequently they are from the lowest walks of life. “In his tales of Mining Camps, Bret Harte has aptly described this class. He can scarcely be said to have exaggerated. I found there just such men. “In the city of Salt Lake the Gentile population is different. There are two classes of them. One is of ladies and gentlemen fitted to adorn society any- where, families who chiefly from considerations of permanent business take up their residence in the territory. There is another set of Gentiles in the same town who would like to introduce gambling- houses, drinking-saloons and brothels, to civilize the Mormons. “The respectable people first mentioned rarely have any difficulty with the dominant sect. Although they are more or less exclusive, they frequently meet the Mormon ladies and gentlemen in society—as do likewise the officers of Camp Douglas and their wives. “It may be said with truth that if the Gentile in- habitants of Utah were all such as these, there would be scarcely a word of complaint against the Mor- mons, and no petitions to Congress for relief from the tyranny of the church. “These petitions come mostly from recusant disci- ples, people of no especial standing in the commu- nity and small politicians. “That some very worthy men are induced to sign them is undoubtedly true, but the proportion is very small. Every year the petitions accumulate at Washington, and serve the turn of some virtuous statesman in framing a bill of extermination. “At present another strong effort is being made to induce Congress to legislate so that the individual interests of these malcontents may be benefited. Their shafts are generally aimed at the target of polygamy, about which most of the petitioners do not care a straw. “A great many of them would like to see real es- tate and other securities depressed. There are ‘bears’ in Salt Lake as well. [---] Wall street. There are politicians there as well as in Washington. These would like to wrest political power from the Mormons to appropriate it to themselves.” The next book before us is in marked contrast to that of Captain Codman. It is written by a refined, accomplished lady who, animated more by her feelings than her judgment, has wrung from her heart all that she has to say of the Mor- mons. The origin of this little work is as follows: “The writer of these letters is the wife of a gentle- man who, in the late war, distinguished himself as a daring officer on the side of the Union, and for gal- lant services was breveted major general. For years he suffered from the effects of wounds received in the war, and to save his life his physicians recom- mended a change of climate. This was the object of the journey through Utah described in this work. His wife and two children accompanied him. She is a lady of fine culture and of decided religious con- victions of the orthodox type, and noted in the wide circle of her acquaintance for her active benevolence, and her faculty for managing and organizing works of charity. “These letters were written to her father, William Wood, Esq., of New York, himself a distinguished citizen of that city, and a member of the old firm of Dennistoun, Wood & Co., bankers. Mr. Wood has ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33A_F12_I1_p012.jpg) now withdrawn from business and lives an entirely unostentatious life, doing good in his own quiet way. But his firm for a full century figured prominently in the financial world, branches of the house being established in London, Glasgow, Liverpool, Havre, Australia, Trinidad, New Orleans and New York. “Mr. Wood was quite conspicuous during his resi dence in England as a friend of education, and w[-] on the most intimate terms with Cobden. He ca[-] to this country from the Liverpool branch of [---] house to take charge of the branch in New York. “Mr. Wood is a very consistent and influential member of the Consistory or Dutch Reform church, and has always been conspicuous in the assertion of orthodox doctrinal standards. New York owes to him her Girls’ Normal College, and the plans of the docks which are about being constructed along the water front of the city. “While Mr. Wood was head of the Liverpool branch of the house he was distinguished in the corn law agitation, and his familiarity with free-trade arguments and statistics has made him one of the most influential opponents of protection in the United States.” Although the evidence given by this cultiva- ted woman comes from a widely differing stand- point from that of Captain John Codman, it amounts to the same. The industrious habits, cleanly ways, inoffensive lives, and kind im- pulses are all testified to by this christian woman. We regret that our space allows only one extract taken at random, as a specimen, from this charm- ing little volume: SCIPIO. “Round Valley, or Scipio, is the poorest and new- est of the settlements we stopped at, and has been much troubled with the Indians. The Mormons say ‘troubled with Indians,’ as we might say ‘troubled with mosquitoes.’ No one had been killed for four years back, though cattle had been driven off that year, we were told. “The bishop came riding out to meet us, a hand- some, kindly-faced man, mounted on a horse that moved T.’s admiration. We were taken to the house of his second wife, a little, one-roomed log cabin, with a lean-to behind, in which the cooking was done. The living-room was given up to us. Its main glory consisted in a wide chimney-place, on whose hearth a fire of great pine logs blazed, that sent a ruddy glow over the whitewashed logs of the wall and the canvas ceiling, and penetrated every corner of the room with delicious light and warmth. There was a substantial bedstead in one corner, and curtains of old-fashioned chintz were tacked from the ceiling around it as if it had been a four-poster, and a neat patchwork counterpane covered the soft feather-bed. A good rag carpet was on the floor, clean white curtains hung at the windows, and clean white covers, edged with knitted lace, covered the various bracket shelves that supported the house- wife’s bible, Book of Mormon, work-basket, lookin[-]- glass and a few simple ornaments. Two or three pretty good colored prints hung on the walls. Then there was a mahogany bureau, a washstand, a rocking-chair and half a dozen wooden ones, with a ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33A_F12_I1_p013.jpg) large chest on which the owner’s name was painted (oddly enough it was the same as that of the noto- rious 'blonde' leader of a shameless troupe.) The small, round table was already spread for our sup- per with cakes, preserves and pies, and the fair Lydia was busily engaged in bringing in hot rolls, meat, tea and other good things, while a miniature of herself, still fairer and rosier, about two years old, trotted beside her; now endeavoring to rear- range the table by upsetting plates, and now mak- ing shy overtures of friendship to my boys, with the assistance of a blue-ribboned yellow kitten. After our tea was over, the husband-bishop came in from his other dwelling, and with wife and baby withdrew to 'go to meeting,’ leaving us in sole pos- session of the house. We heard no sound of their reëntering till morning, when our host came in to rouse up the smouldering fire. “I have given this minute description of the fur- niture of the mansion of which I was housekeeper for twelve hours, because it was a fair specimen of many of the humbler homes I visited in Utah. I have already remarked upon their unusual cleanli- ness, and have now only to note the absence of the colored prints of 'Polly,’ 'Nourmahal,’ &c., in 'half- dress,’ common elsewhere. "The next time I visited Scipio was just at the breaking up of winter. Snow lay deep on the heights and in the narrow cañons, and Round Valley was an almost impassable quagmire of half-frozen mud. Again and again the horses stopped and stood with drooping heads, and an air that said, ‘I really have taken the last step I can make. Now I’m going to lie down;” and again and again they were coaxed forward at a slower than funeral pace, before we finally halted in front of Bishop Thompson’s. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33A_F12_I1_p014.jpg) “Our pretty hostess, ‘Aunt Lydia,’ was sick, a little girl said, opening the gate into the enclosure i which both houses stood, ‘and mother expected u this time.’ “The door was opened to admit us by a slender, elegantly-dressed young lady. " 'Mrs. Thompson ?’ I inquired, hesitatingly. “ ‘No,’ she answered, smiling and blushing. ‘I am only a guest like yourself. Mrs. Thompson will be here in a moment; Sister Lydia is sick, and Mrs. Thompson thought some biscuits she had been bak- ing would tempt her appetite, so she has run across with them. Here she is!’ “ ‘Sister Loraina Thompson’ looked like an elder sister of Mrs. Lydia’s, but was no relation. She had a large family of children, but seemed not in the least disconcerted by the addition to her household of our fellow-guest, her husband and baby, although she had to entertain Mr. Staines and young Kimball also and to care for the invalid next door. “My husband now entered with Mr. Joseph A. Young and his brother Mahonri, who had joined us the day before; and taking a wee baby from the arms of the lady who had opened the door, and whom he introduced as his wife, Mr. Young presented the nfant to T. as his namesake. “ They had come across from the San Pete country to see us, and the baby was taking its first journey in the open air. It was a bright, lively little thing, and lay on my knee basking in the warmth of the fire as the elders sat talking in one room, while Mrs. Thomp- son prepared supper in the other. She had a young girl to help her, but more than all, she had ‘faculty,’ and her meals were served with as much heat in them and coolness in herself as if she had not both her rooms filled with guests and children. “ When I recollected how many bowls and pans and plates I use when I try to make cake, and what a mess of sticky things I leave the cook to clear away. I could not but express my wonder at her deft ways. She came in after her tea-things were washed up and sat beside me with her knitting. She laughed when I praised her, saying that it was no wonder— she had ‘had a girl to help her these three weeks’— [---] she never found the children in her way they [---] a help. And so they were, the little eldest un- robing the younger ones for bed, or waiting at table without needi[--] directions. They were well trained as well as healthy, rosy children, and a little crea- ture, who could scarcely speak plainly, sat on my knee and carolled like a lark, ‘ Up in the morning early,’ and ‘Put me in my little bed ;’ a still younger baby nodding an accompaniment with quite a good notion of the measure. “This Mrs. Thompson had grown up in the Mor- mon faith, our friend P. told me. Her mother died during the exodus, and she, then a mere child, had taken care of her younger brothers and sisters, and managed her father’s house—' wagon-hold,’ I suppose one should call it—without aid from any one. Indeed, she continued to be her father’s right hand until her marriage. Perhaps the rigorous training of circumstances in her youth made her con- sider what I thought such hard work, easy when [-]t was done in her own home, working for her own children and her pleasant-faced husband. “Ought I to despise that woman? She certainly came up to Solomon’s ideal of a virtuous wife. You would have despised her less if you had felt the difference between her household and that of another woman at whose stronghold of freedom I halted the day afterwards. Above her house was exalted a pole bearing a candle-box lid, on which was painted, ' Old Boor- -bun. Segars.’ Upon the roof lay old boots and shoes reluctant to be reduced to the rank of fertilizers, but giving token of what was to be seen inside. Entering the cabin, I found that the dirt-begrimed window prevented the household from needing a curtain, and the smoke-blackened logs of wall and ceiling were in keeping with the unmade bed and its tattered hang- ings. There was a very pretty baby here, too, which lay in its cradle and looked at me in silent wonder. The mother did no more. She never offered me a seat, nor the draught of water I had to ask for and help myself to; merely remarking that she ‘hadn’t no kind of a place for folks to come into. Her girl had left the place three weeks ago, and she warn’t going to stay among the Mormons if she could get her husband to quit, and go among christian folks.’ “ She supposed, of course, that she was rude to a Mormon woman in me, and I confess that I did not claim her as a christian sister “ Of course it would be unfair to select such a wife as a specimen of ‘Gentile’ pioneer females as the energetic and active Mrs. Thompson of the average of Mormon women. Ill-health or indolence and cheerful activity are peculiar to neither ortho- doxy nor heterodoxy. But a religious faith that ani- mates the whole being, enabling a woman to be cheerful in spite of adverse circumstances, indus- ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33A_F12_I1_p015.jpg) trious in spite of sickness, loving God and her neigh- bor, and showing it by charity in word and deed; this faith above doctrine I have found quite as often among Mormon as among other christian women. “We parted with Mrs. Young at the crossing of the river the morning after, and as we looked back upon the group just setting out over the snowy plain for their remote settlement, I felt profoundly sad. The refined-looking young creature, with her baby clasped in her arms, seemed no less proud of it than her husband was of her. Yet it seemed a desolate prospect for her to journey over that lonely country to a rough new settlement among the savages. Her ladylike manner and quiet tones made the life before her seem doubly incongruous. Poor child, she has had to take her part in life decidedly, too, and is isolated from her people and kindred in more than mere geographical distance. Her father and mother have left the church and Utah, and are among the most eloquent antagonists of Mormonism, while she clings to the faith they taught her in her child- hood. She seemed entirely contented, and praised her new home as much as if it lay in our green forest land, instead of among the dreary valleys of Utah. [---] reminded me that our valleys, too, were snow- covered at this season, and that the plains of which she spoke would soon be a grassy sea, abounding in beautiful flowers. But what can atone for the ab- sence of trees in a landscape?” ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33A_F12_I2_p001.jpg) THE EVENING POST. New York, Monday, April 5, 1875. Particular attention is directed to the very desirable rooms still unrented on the second and third floors of the new EVENING POST BUILDING. The rooms are very promi- nent and easy of access, and the rents charged are not high. OUTSIDE READING MATTER. FIRST PAGE—Book Reviews—Is Gold Merchandise ? Mr. Stilwell’s Views on the Currency Question—Musi- cal and Dramatic Notes—The Turkish Armament—The Morning's News. FOURTH PAGE - Third and Fourth Edition Reading Matter. THE HEART OF THE CONTINENT. The administration of affairs in the Terri- tory of Utah is of greater importance than is manifest to a casual observer. Utah is too generally regarded as the home of a few thousand fanatics who have outraged the de- cencies of civilization, and no less punish- ment is desired for them than extermination, in default of the immediate abandonment of their scandalous practices. Observant travel- lers, however, make a different report of the country and its people. They tell us that a desert on the path to the Pacific has been watered and fertilized by the followers of Brigham Young; that rich mines are develop- ing, hundreds of miles of railroads have been constructed, and a multitude of factories have been built, and that nearly two hundred thousand people, industrious, frugal, orderly and happy dwell there in peace. Persecuted in Ohio, Illinois and Missouri, the Mormons were driven to the dreary wastes of Utah, where they accomplished a work which no one else had courage or motive to under- take. Isolated from the world at the begin- ning of their labors, it is not surprising that they fell behind this restless age in some of [-]ive type, and in accordance with [page is folded and text cannot be read] tural education to seek happiness in such pastoral and agricultural pursuits as were the chief occupation of their prototypes, the an- cient people of Israel. Emulating the ancient virtues of the Hebrews, they unfortunately adopted at the same time one of their barbarisms —polygamy—and for this misinterpretation of the will of God they have suffered under the unqualified condemnation of society, which is so observant of their one failing that it cannot perceive their many merits. It is certainly desirable that they shall be purged of this iniquity, but the error of our legislation was that it sought to accomplish by exclusively violent means that which the natural course of events was rapidly bringing about. The Pacific Railroad was the best missiona- ry that ever entered Utah, and the satellites of its train—the newspapers and the fashions— were converting the deluded polygamists from the error of their ways. If Congress had left these influences to work out the problem, there probably would have been no need of special legislation; but as society at large required that its code of morals should be vindicated, the Poland bill, as it is called, was passed, giving general satisfaction to all whose con- sciences were troubled by the tolerance of polygamy, although it did not affect them individually, and at the same time meeting with little opposition from the Mormons. Already the younger and better informed Mormons had come to the conclusion that polygamy was a burden which they would not take upon themselves as their fathers and mothers had done, for they fully realized its evil and expensive consequences. Their more bigoted elders, confident of the divine authority for their practice, and of the unconstitutionality of the statute to prevent it, were willing that the law should be tested and that any decision against them should be carried for final adjudication to the Supreme Court of the United States. If even this con- dition of affairs had been allowed to take its course, and public clamor had ceased, the material interests of the territory would have been greatly advanced by the influx of a sober, industrious and quietly influential non- Mormon population, and by the supply of capital, which never dares to trust itself in a community where social commotions are likely to occur. But the hopes of Utah were frustrated by untoward circumstances. There was not a sufficient guaranty of stability for the immigration of such a population as was desirable, and its place was supplied by a small knot of political and avaricious adven- turers, seeking to rule over the internal affairs of the great majority, who preferred officers of their own selection. These adventurers regarded a territory and a city without a dollar of debt as splendid opportunities for plunder. The President in- judiciously appointed Mr. McKean Chief Justice of Utah, not regarding and probably not knowing his imperfect legal attainments, his hasty temper aggravated by dyspepsia, and his combination of religious zeal with personal vanity, which would lead him, under the sup- position that he was complying with the de- mands of justice, to take every advantage of legal technicalities against the Mor- mons merely because they were Mormons, and to find conscientious satisfaction in the applause of the Gentile “ring” who were using him for their own purposes. The ad- ministration of Judge McKean was a con- tinual source of dissatisfaction. The Mor- mons could scarcely fail to regard him as their persecutor, while they yielded a respect- ful obedience to his associates on the bench, who were men of equal integrity but of less demonstrative zeal. The effect on the outside world was unfortunate for the commercial interests of the territory, the impression gain- ing ground that there was danger of riot and bloodshed in Utah. This feeling kept capital away, and railroad enterprises and other im- provements were in a languishing and hope- less condition. Matters at last reached a crisis in the recent decision by the Chief Justice in the case of the notorious Ann Eliza Webb against Brig- ham Young. Judge McKean (who, in ac- cordance with his own principles and with the approval of the world, would have done well in granting a divorce and alimony to the first and only real wife of a polygamic hus- band), out of animosity to Brigham Young gave every advantage to this woman, the eighteenth who had been admitted to the Mor- mon prophet’s Salt Lake harem after his legal marriage to his one legal wife, to prosecute him for divorce; and finally decreed that, pending the issue of a suit which it was an utter absurdity to suppose she could ever gain, she should be allowed enormous alimony and extravagant counsel fees. To cap the climax, when Young had neglected some form of law which made him technically though innocently liable to the charge of contempt, although he complied with the unjust demand to pay the money into court, Judge McKean purposely outraged a great community who held Young in the highest respect as their leader and in absolute veneration as an inspired prophet, by send- ing him to the Penitentiary for twenty-four hours. For this proceeding he has been con demned by almost every newspaper in these United States, except the organ of the “ring” at Salt Lake, which exulted in the momentary triumph of its party. The result of what, in kindness to Judge McKean, we will call his insanity, has been his prompt removal by the power that ap- pointed him. Without distinction of party this act of President Grant should be applaud- ed everywhere. It is worthy of remark that the faith we have heretofore expressed in the orderly disposition of the Mormon people is justified by their conduct at the time of these outrages. There was no attempt at a rescue when the grave indignity was put upon their prophet. They patiently bided their time, thus giving the lie to their slanderers; and they now reap their reward. The instant action of the President has renewed their loyalty, and will do more than any proscriptive act of Con- gress has done to reconcile them to the inevitable disappearance of their effete sys- tem of polygamy. The present Gentile “ring” in Salt Lake City may perhaps leave Utah in disgust because their schemes are frustrated; but their place will be supplied by Gentiles of a better class. Already the business of the territory is reviving. Capital will find its way there, sure of no danger from violent out- breaks. As an instance of this, we are inform- ed by Mr. John Young, a son of the prophet, who has been for some months in this city negotiating the sale of the bonds of the Utah Western Railroad, of which he is president, that he now finds far greater facilities in ac- complishing his object. This is one of the signs of the times, and under the wise admin- istration of the present Governor and of an impartial judiciary we may safely augur the peaceful surrender of the barbarism of polyg- amy, and then the speedy admission of Utah to the sisterhood of the Union. The value of Utah will then become more widely known. Already she possesses four hundred miles of railroad, chiefly paid for in the downright hard toil of her people, built for use as the rapid development of her min- ing interests have authorized the outlay. The immense mountain ranges, hundreds of miles in extent, are the deposits of untold wealth in silver and lead and iron and coal. The min- eral products for this year are estimated at $12,000,000. With the capital soon to pour into this region, especially when a state organ- ization shall be secured, this product may be quadrupled in a single year, and its future in- crease is beyond computation. Brigham Young and his followers have done their work as pioneers, and have done it well. Religious freedom and material pro- gress are now waiting in the natural train of events to till the ground which they prepared. THE CANAL REFORM PUBLIC, NOT PARTISAN The effort making in some quarters to de base the canal reform to partisan uses is fo[-] tunately likely to defeat itself. If the move ment begun by Governor Tilden is remarkabl[-] for any one thing more than all others, it [-] for the hearty support given to it by represe[-] tatives of both parties. The Republican pres[-] with scarcely an exception, has promptly rei[-] forced the Governor without stopping t[-] inquire how his “chances ” would be affecte[-] or on what side the balance of political benefi[-] would fall. With very few exceptions th[-] democratic press has co-operated in th[-] movement without asking who would b[-] helped or hurt by it. The Republican majority in the Senate has shown as much alacrity in promoting the Governor’s views as the democratic Assembly. The Produce Ex- change meeting was addressed by well-known members of either party, and no more earnest words have been spoken in praise of the Gov- ernor than were uttered by Republican speak- ers. No doubt since the movement began political leaders have been busily estimating its effect on future elections, but the move- ment has not been hindered by their appre- hensions in this respect because there has opinion as could not have [---] [page is folded and text cannot be read] on any narrow partisan foundation. The sentiment which compelled the overthrow of the Tweed Ring was not colored by party politics. Democrats were prominent and energetic in measures against the thieves, al- though the thieves themselves had been in- fluential members of the democratic party. If Republicans had appealed for sympathy in the struggle against municipal corruption on the ground of advantage to the Republican party, very little sympathy would have been secured. So now popular opinion is aroused, not in behalf of this party and in opposition to that one, but for official honesty and against official knavery. Compared with this sentiment, desperate and “ double- leaded” attempts to prove that the movement for canal purification is a “democratic reform,” and to derive from it partisan aid and comfort for the next autumnal elections, and even for the greater contest of 1876, seem narrow and shallow. The whole state will gain by the exposure and punishment of the corruptionists, who are fairly divided between the two parties, and by the revision of the canal system. There is no opportunity here for securing partisan profit. In only one way can any political ef- fect be produced—the party or politician that obstructs the movement will be crushed by it. THE ROMAN CATHOLICS AND THE PUBLIC SCHOOLS. Signatures are obtaining to a memorial dressed to the Board of Education prot[-] against the application of public edu[-] moneys to the support of the Roman parochial schools. Vicar-General reported to have said of the ma[-] there is “nothing new in it.” enough, but what need is th[-] new ? The question is an o[-] very thoroughly discus[-] been disposed of h[-] and familiar grounds suddenly revived i[-] arguments suffice too much respec[-] Father Quinn an[-] to suppose for to their con[-] citizens hav[-] after conte[-] religious a[-] ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33A_F12_I3_p001.jpg) THE MORMON CONFERENCE. Closing Scenes of the Great Annual Assembly in Salt Lake City—A Primitive Condition of Trade—Captain Codman Discovers the Place Where "Protection" Theories are Honestly Put in Practice—The Tithes Exacted by the Mormon Priesthood. [Correspondence of the Evening Post.] SALT LAKE CITY, October 15, 1871 Our ecclesiastical week has ended. The last discourse for the season has been preached in the Tabernacle, and the new Presbyterian Church has been dedicated by the Rev. Dr. Scott, who came expressly for this purpose from San Fran- cisco. Everything has been done decently and in order. No dictates of consciences have been interfered with, and it has been demonstrated that charity and toleration have an abiding place in Utah. On the last day but one of the conference there was enacted the farce of voting for the officers of the Church under Brigham Young, who is presi- dent for life. Each councillor, apostle or other high mandarin was proposed to the audience for reappointment, and unanimously "sustained." "Contrary minded" were every time called for, but all the contrary minded happened to be ab- sent. As it is proposed to abolish the Electoral College in order to get a square vote of the people for President of the United States, the simplicity of this Mormon election is commended for consideration. Sunday was the last great day of the feast. The two sermons were preached by George Q. Cannon and George A. Smith, apostles. Mr. Cannon gave a long account of his Washington experiences, by which it appears that he fell into some very bad company there. Washington is not a fair type of Gentile manners, but the apos- tle so considered it, and accordingly instituted a favorable comparison in behalf of Utah. As he is elected again it was impolitic for him to talk of the licentiousness of his brother mem- bers, and, in view of the question upon which his admittance to Congress will hinge, he should not, in extolling the virtues of the saints, have boasted that they had not these Gentile temptations to sin, because "in polygamy a wide door was thrown open for the passions of men" Orson Pratt urged the prac- tice [---] motives of religion, but Cannon on this occasion was perhaps unintentionally honest. The growing disbelief in the adaptation of obso- lete social practices to the requirements of the present day, and the repugnance of the rising generation to the barbaric habits of their elders, are more than the arguments of these virtuous apostles can overcome. Mr. Cannon said very truly that polygamy is only a handle of offensive warfare in the hands of the “Gentile ring” of Utah, who really care nothing about it per se. Why, then, not take the weapon away, so that it cannot be used in the fight? But he gloried in persecution, saying that the abuse Mormonism had received this last year was equal to the servi- ces of one thousand missionaries in its advocacy. To obtain abuse is great economy. He closed his discourse by a fervent appeal for "organization to resist the attacks of the enemy in all consti- tutional and legal ways." Then George A. Smith took the pulpit. He is an apostle of a milder type. Not touching upon the objectionable doctrine, he urged the people to the completion of the temple, advising every one who could afford it to devote half a dollar monthly to the object; and then, taking some of the rules of the united order as a text, proceeded to enforce their observance on all present. I quote a few of these rules: "First—We will not take the name of the Deity in vain, nor speak lightly of his character or of sacred things. Second—We will pray with our families morning and evening and also attend to secret prayer. Third—We will observe and keep the word of wisdom according to the spirit and meaning thereof. Fourth—We will treat our families with due kindness and affection and set before them an example worthy of imitation; in our families and intercourse with all persons we will refrain from being con- tentious or quarrelsome, and we will cease to speak evil of each other, and will culti- vate a spirit of charity towards all. We consider it our duty to seek the interest of each other and the salvation of all mankind. Fifth—We will ob- serve personal cleanliness and preserve ourselves in all chastity by refraining from adultery, whoredom and lust. We will also discountenance and refrain from all vulgar and obscene language or conduct. Sixth—We will observe the Sabbath day to keep it holy in accordance with the 'reve- lations.'" All the other rules are equally commendable, and some of them relating to “foolish and ex- travagant fashions” might well be preached in cities where they are less likely to be practised. In the assembly of the saints the proportion of old men is very noticeable. The seats are dotted with white heads like blossoming trees amid[-]t the green foliage of spring, and like the sturdy weather-strained oaks of the forest these vener- able men still hold their own among the young saplings springing into life beside them. They are the rugged old pilgrims who traversed the desert a quarter of a century ago, and yet bravely hold on to life and enjoy in the evening of their days the well-merited reward of their toil in the ease and comfort they have earned for themselves and their descendants. Many of their aged wives are remaining with them, “mothers in Israel” worthily entitled to our respectful admiration; haggard, worn out with hard labor, and too many of them carrying heavier burdens on their hearts than they have borne upon their backs, yet unswerving in that faith in God which overcomes the faithlessness of man, they are among the truest heroines on this earth. Hundreds of young men are present dressed in the homespun clothing made by their mothers and sisters, strong and athletic lads, and hundreds, perhaps thousands, of girls, whose simplicity of costume, although still to be ad- mired, is fast giving way to the omnipotence of fashion. Last and least, but not least to their mothers, the little infantry of babies, brought here because they cannot be left at home, and because to exhibit them is the greatest pride of a Mormon mother, tune their discordant treble against the organ's notes and ofttimes drown the voice of the preacher. These, with a few Gentiles who came mainly from motives of curiosity, made up the immense crowd on Sunday, the closing day of the conference. The benediction was spoken by one of the apostles. The great organ pealed forth the first notes of that magnificent and to these people ap- propriate anthem: "Daughter of Zion awake from thy sad[-]ess; Awake, for thy foes shall oppress thee no more." The well-trained choir threw their hearts as well as their voices into the music, and when its last notes had died away, twelve thousand men, women and children poured out in the streets and scattered to their homes. Far different in style, education and refine- ment from the Tabernacle crowd was the assem- bly at the New Presbyterian Church. All of the Gentile élite of every religious denomination united in honor of the occasion. Episcopalians, Congregationalists and Methodists closed the churches where in small numbers they are wont to meet, and filled the house of their Presbyteri- an brethren. All of their clergy were present on the platform, and each had a part assigned him in the exercises. There was the same unanimity on this occasion in religion which has been seen sometimes in politics when the watch- word was “Anything to beat Grant.” In over- throwing the common enemy the audience will be more successful than the clergy, for every one of the ladies of whom it was chiefly composed is a true and faithful missionary. She will show by her example to her erring sisters how much more harmonious is the household where one woman rules one man than that where one man is either a tyrant over many women or the slave of many masters; and her silent presence will be more convincing than the preacher's ser- mons, more powerful than any Poland bill, for as she walks the streets her expensive fashiona- ble attire will excite the desire of Mormon women to reach the same distinction, and thus recluse their husbands to monogamy by becom- ing bills of expense to them. It might be supposed that such an influx of people from the country at the time of the con- ference would have brought no little money to hotels and the shopkeepers. But this would be a mistake. Scarcely a Mormon name was regis- tered at the hotels, for the countrymen were quartered upon the faithful in the city or camped in and under their wagons in the streets and out- skirts of the town. As to money, with all the abundance of food, clothing and home comforts, it is an exceedingly scarce article in Utah. When at Lehi the bishops told us how not many years ago a book was wanted wherein to keep the accounts of the settlement. A suitable blank book was in the hands of an Englishman there. The price demanded for it was fifty cents, and that cash. Eggs, potatoes, chickens and such common currency were obstinately declined, and as ten cents was all the ready money that could be collected, Lehi was obliged to wait a consider- able time for its account book. Within ten or twelve years impecunious applicants for tickets at the theatre have procured them at the office in exchange for potatoes, onions and cabbages. I have often seen children running in to the country stores on errands like this. “Mamma wants a pound of sugar, a quart of molasses, a frying pan.” The articles were fur- nished and paid for at the established rate in eggs, butter, or some other domestic production. In this way the trade was carried on at confer- ence time, although more extensively. Wagons came in loaded with all descriptions of farm pro- duce, and when they departed they carried to the country those articles of necessity that could not be produced or manufactured at home. Thus trade was brisk without money. You might imagine that one half of Brigham Young was born in Pennsylvania and the other half in Massachusetts, so strongly is he impressed with the idea of “protecting home industry." Indeed there are many Gentile shopkeepers to whom this doctrine, so constantly enforced by him, is more repugnant than his practice of po lygamy. As home industry is carried out under his direction, however, it is not a misnomer for taxation in favor of monopolists. It is a wis[-] plan by which simplicity of living and frugality are encouraged for the benefit of the people themselves. For this purpose, undoubtedly, no small part of the tithing is applied in the con struction of mills and factories, the digging of irrigating ditches and other works of the nature of public improvement. The charges of rapacity against Brigham Young and the high-priesthood are not borne out by their mode of life. I greatly doubt the com- mon belief in Brigham’s enormous wealth. How- [next column] ever he may have deceived himself or others in introducing and upholding preposterous religious doctrines and immoral practices, I believe that he has sincerely at heart at least the temporal welfare of the people under his control. Even the "Order of Enoch," upon which he is just now experimenting, is founded with the best in- tentions. It must be re[-]mbered that the Mor- mons are drawn mainly from the most ignorant and debased populations of Northern Europe. At home they were fortunate if, as serfs of the soil, one tenth of their earnings remained as their own. Here their tithing is nominally ten per centum, although upon an average not more than one-half of it is paid in. It re- sults, therefore, that, as they become property holders instead of ill-paid laboring peasants, and are enabled to hold on to more than nine-tenths of their earnings instead of paying it in ton to their masters, they can well afford to pay tithing to the Church, to Brigham Young, or to anybody else as an equivalent for their opportunities and instruction. J. C. BLOODY AFFRAY IN BROOKLYN. A Politician Fatally Stabbed and Three O[--] Men Wounded. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33A_F12_I4_p001.jpg) The World ?WEDNESDAY, APRIL 28,1875. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33A_F12_I4_p002.jpg) [--]ghts of property and the lives of citizens, they will find that an abundance of insurance capital will seek busi- ness there. To perfect these conditions is a [-]ask v[-]ll worthy of the best assistance from the influence of the Chicago press. Mayor WICKHAM'S appointments “ring the bell” every time. He shows a genius for selecting fit and capable men for civic duties. WILLIAM WOOD, whom he has asked to take the place of School Commissioner vacated by the death of Mr. FARR, is without exception the most competent and suitable man that could have been chosen. From his long and various public services Mr. WOOD is also known to be such a person to very large numbers of his fellow-citizens, including the best higher teachers of the public schools, who almost unanimously desired Mr. WOOD's appoint- ment. The Herald, which yesterday was nothing if ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33A_F12_I5_p001.jpg) ?‘'TELL IT ALL.” This is the title of a new and very extra- ordinary book, exciting considerable inter- est and attention in all parts of the country, written by Mrs. T. B. H. Stenhouse, and the genuine history of a real Mormon woman. Two years ago the author published a little pamphlet on Polygamy, which created quite a sensation among the “Saints.” The Mormon papers took up the subject; and, alluding derisively to the delicate reti- cence—so natural to a sensitive woman— displayed by the author, spitefully invited her to “TELL IT ALL.” Men and women of position in all parts of the country, who had visited her in Salt Lake City, urged her to seize the opportunity, “write a book,” and lay the whole truth before the world. Mrs. Harriet Beecher Stowe, whose earnest introduction to this volume is a guaranty of the delicacy as well as purity of the work, personally added her persuasions. Mrs. Stenhouse ultimately consented, and chose for the title of her new volume the words of derision used by her Mormon op- ponents—”TELL IT ALL.” In this way this singular work was intro- duced to the world. It is a book utterly un- like any other work on the subject ever penned before. It professes to be the his- tory of a life in Mormonism, written by a lady of education and refinement, who, through the influence of religious sympathy misdirected, became the victim and slave of one of the most extraordinary superstitions which the world has ever seen. In her own fascinating style she tells all that can be told of that strange system, not as a visitor to Utah might relate it, but with the thrilling eloquence and pathos of one whose whole life has been darkened by its deadly shadow. Real men and women—the story of real lives—the sayings, the doings, the events of to-day among a class of our own country- men and women much talked of but little known, are painted before us by this tal- ented woman with touching fidelity; and when the reader lays down the volume his only regret is that he has arrived at the last page. The book possesses all the vivacity and thrilling interest of the finest works of fiction. In point of mechanical skill it is well prepared. The binding is elegant and sub- stantial; the illustrations, on wood and steel, are costly; and altogether it is one of those subscription books which agents will find a rare chance to work for. Published by A. D. WORTHINGTON & CO., ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33A_F12_I6_p001.jpg) 4 West 18th Street N York 2nd July 1874 My darling Bessie, Yours of 29th Ult[-]. reached me the following day. Salute the well beloved Elisha in my name I am glad you have him back with you grown both in mind & body keeping to all things that are "lovely & of good report" for which you have reason to thank God & take courage. I enclose Tom's O[-] with me to 10th June shewing debt balance of $7658.18 shewing a reduction since 1st Jany of $66.68. Well the dear little Watts family left us at 8.20 AM today for Melford Parents & Children & Servants have all behaved ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33A_F12_I6_p002.jpg) admirably & I think our servants as well as ourselves are sorry to lose them The House feels as silent as the grave. After they had gone I was waiting for 10 Am instant for the Normal College to attend the 5th Commencement & the fo[-]t held in the new building just about 10. the enclosed card was handed to me from Capt Codman with an introduction from the Managing Editor of the E Post Co[-]lle is going out again to Utah this Winter with his wife & is going to publish a second Edition of his Book in spring, he says he thinks his book & yours helped to modify the legislature of Congress on the Mormon question. He was very anxious to see your book but I had lent my Copy to Clarkson ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33A_F12_I6_p003.jpg) N. Potter one of our N.Y. M. C.'s who said a good word for the Mormon's in Congress & was very anxious to see your ("truthful "Thomas's) evidence on the matter First Potter in a c[-] & we got talking on the subject & he mentioned to me that poor Lizzie Mitchell died 6 weeks ago, it is odd you never mentioned it. Capt Codman made such a point of seeing your Book that I said Mr Bryant had a copy & he would lend it him, Oh! says Codman they have taken it all to pieces & are preparing an dob[--] review of it! "Aint we great "what wears Parasols?" After that touch I went & borrowed Chalmers's copy & lent him it & he then insisted on going in [---] for a copy of his book ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33A_F12_I6_p004.jpg) which I declined as much as I politely could, but had to take it. I got up to the College just a little too late but they would have me on the fore front of the platform next to Neilson & H[--]t[--] where I have just been [--]tting for 3¼ hours. The whole thing went off admirably of course the great Hall was crowded & many people stood all th[-] the exercises. I must now go & post this & get Co[-]man’s Book for he is coming here on Monday to learn what I think of it. I enclose I enclose Lot’s queer letter of 9 June & her Preface for your Book. Kindest love to Lou, [-] H. & V — Elestea & the two little boys. I have not been [The following is written sideways over the above text] able to see a copy of the Presbyterian, they dont appear to take it at the Society Library God guide & [---] for all Ever your affectionate Father William Wood ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33A_F12_I7_p001.jpg) Title Mormon Homes visited by a Monogamist. A chapter in the History of Religion? [illegible deletion] Preface. I take upon myself the responsi- bility of publishing the following pages, with a view of commanding sympathey for the Mormon people – above all for the deluded women among them – The homes of these people are at this time threatened with a kind of Legislation [-]ed & detested [The following is written sideways on page] P.S. N[--]e who have [--] heard /[-]Buted In[-]r[-]erty of the year 18 will find by [illegible deletion] <[---]> to an audit on the Mormons that a pamphlet by Genl [---] Col. T L [-] is ref[---] wam[---] then I am as of unfortunate ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33A_F12_I7_p002.jpg) from Congress, wh approaches so nearly to Religious persecution that I wish to protest against it as being convinced, that, (whether is true or false so-called Churches The Blood of the Martyrs is ever the seed of the Church It was in the year 18 — that my Son-in-law, General, (then Lt. Col T. L. Kane) being employed by the U.S. government to expel the Mormons from [-] Utah?) [The following is written sideways on left side of page] as to their o[---] people. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33A_F12_I7_p003.jpg) witnessed so much that has [-]nd &her[--]i among these deluded people – that his sympathies were first aroused to spare them all that might be un-necessary in their sufferings as I hope it’s un-necessary to those who k[---] use to announce my utter abhorence of those creeds & prachers wd separate the Mormons from the A[---] Christian Communities – But for the benefit of as [---] paper way fall into stranger ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33A_F12_I7_p004.jpg) hands, it may perhaps be as well to stall had (on the part of Genl Kane & his de[--] (his wife) [-] ha[-] whose journal this "Chapter" is copied -) that we all in nine WK accounted un[---] in creed or sympathy than the [---] (Official) than Dentist – who might have been employed during the reign of the "M[---] than King" (Richad I?) w [---]had the teeth of the unfortunate Jeus, Nw be accented & the Hebrew pr[---] in the hope of lessening the amount of Dentistry by attesting the virtue [--] he has found coming there whose creed he abso[---] ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33A_F13_I2_p001.jpg) June 30th 1874 Dear Mrs Kane An accident prevented me from reading your book until just now, and now I do not know which to admire the most – the happy method of its execution or of its publication. The reading has left me quite tumultuous_ much in it is so unexpected. What a wonderful proof it shows of the earthly reward of to granted ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33A_F13_I2_p002.jpg) to faith, hope and charity! I must read it over again before I can find any "steadiment" to my thoughts from the surprise of the first impression, and meanwhile I must thank you most earnestly for the opportunity of reading it – yours truly Jessie E. Ringwalt No. 1218 N. 10th st Phila. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33A_F13_I3_p001.jpg) 61 Wall Street, July 9/74. My dear Mr Wood, I return herewith your printed copy of Mrs Kane's letters which I have read with great pleasure, & for which I am much obligede. I infer that there will be more of them ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33A_F13_I3_p002.jpg) letters printed and that at some future day they will make a complete volume of which I shall hope to obtain a Copy – Meantime, I remain, with many thanks, Faithfully Yours, Shermon N Porter. William Wood Esq ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33A_F13_I4_p004.jpg) Jolly boat to your Clipper yacht. but if he should ask you direct you must say with January "I mout." I further enclose Charlotte's letter of 2nd inst. and Aunt Marys of 4th inst. both recd today & touching pleasantly on your book & my article, Dear Old Aunt Mary appears to be greatly comforted & built up in the faith by Mrs Mackworth's approval of your Book (a daughter in law of her friend Lady Mackworth) Harriet &"Pop" went off to Micford on Tuesday Morning 14th inst,& this [--] I have a letter from Nellie advising them safe arrival & that they are both delighted with the place. Harriet is in the same House with Helen & Pop has a good bedroom in a Cottage close by & all dine <& take meals> together at the Glen House. I will write & try & persuade Harriet to stay there & keep Pop for a months we had of 2 weeks. Last night only Di[--]ees ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33A_F13_I5_p001.jpg) Lake Shore V Michigan Southern Railway Company. Horace F. Clark, Prest Augustus Schell, V. Prest James H. Banker, Treasr New York, July 11 1874 R 11 A 1[-] My dear Sir. I send you a copy of the "Capital" containing the reviews shewn you a few days since. In conversation with my publishers a suggestion was made which would be very aprecable to me if it commends itself to your approval. As the work of Mrs Kane relates as exclusively re- [-]nthem Utah as mine is devoted to the North, if Mrs Kane should see fit to let the U. S. Publishing Co ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33A_F13_I5_p002.jpg) issue her book, in a new Edition both volumes might be [---] te[-]illin, her first both on account of its mint and its Earlier date. In this form they think the compound volume would obtain a wide circulation. If you will call at the office 13 [---] by place. Mr J.H. Brown would be happy to talk with you about it. I intend to leave on Monday for Utah re[--]ing him or drive clays at Saratoga Springs on the way & shall be glad to hear from you. PO address at ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33A_F13_I5_p003.jpg) Saratoga Springs. I am conscious, I say to in sincerity not in counting, by the inferiority of my own production, and I assure you I shall not feel at all hurt if on this account or any other, it may not prove acceptable. If my 'tub' is destined to "stand in its own bottom" I intend during my absence to run over the Kane permit expl[-]ed by your daughter & to ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33A_F13_I5_p004.jpg) Lake Shore & Michigan Southern Railway Company, Horace F. Clark, Prest. Augustus Schell, V. Prest. James H. Banker, Treasr. New York, 187 [The following is written upside down on page] make an addition to) what I have printed in the present Edition, but I should much prefer giving her experience to the public. I am very re[-]ply Yours John Godman Mr Wood Esq. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33A_F13_I6_p001.jpg) July 2 1811 Dearest Papa I found the Article or Letter Banking, (as I expected) as lively & chatty, as or dull a subject cd. well be. The result is that I counsel you to [--] on writing prose, as earnestly as I counselled you long ago, but to write poetry: – (tho’ when [--] late- -blooming fame as a prose-writer is learned, you may perhaps be permitted to give the [--]kie, a small thin, or [--] of “Fugitive rises” the Author of or by -(I don’t like “Senex” say “phoenix?’! the well-known writer [The following is written sideways on page] to say, that they have just begun to mend a little only it is Tran Railings for, wd. we extras, & [--] the “regular job” alas of wh. the tragi-comic nu[-]ey is that the fashion has begun to die out for St Johns !! [-] genteel is seem all to go the other way!! ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33A_F13_I6_p002.jpg) [Column 1] in "the Atlantic." Go on, p[---] in the Atlantic, & then Phoenix's daughters' (C[-]ks) "[---]eaux p[---]," was get an easy entrie (apart from their own merits) I am quite looking forward to writing in my "second spring." I feel I am learning, now: sometimes hard lessons. [---] funny experiences — but "[---]ing out" my "m[-]h maximus" from "Life" — & I must learn (patience fr [---]) from the Great Teacher, if He so writes it I am learning, though, so make a place for "my Article," (when I've learned my lessons. I am pleased with all the Reviews of [Column 2] my darling Bessie's book: but as they are not too high-[--]lu[---] in praise, & yet do her admirable style, justice: also, except in one instance, the dar wd seem to be accounted in any way bound to give a favorable report." The one instance in just that assertion above" without bring in any way bound??? — & it just suggested tone, what I had rest before thought of — that per[---]g Bessies "12 Homes" were picked by her judicious entertainers!! — "Just as I night write you to see we (say any day — but working — day!!) — & you wd say how bright a genius presidedover E. B's home — & how we never have [The following is written sideways on page] Its in vain that we try, even plan to "'tice" them. lowering the fees, & [---] lowering the price of ground, except a few, very close spots!!) They won't come!! But (happily for our prospects of a small holiday, those wh[-] ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33A_F13_I6_p003.jpg) cold mutton, — I still earnestly hope you will use my preface. & I do wish, both for su[--]st & other reasons that you cd find out what English Quarterly Review [---] L[--] first [---] so C[-]ye[-] & [-] so formally — or it in greatly aff[-]at the “English Public's” weak mind in its judgment of Bessie's book I’m writing nothing at present” my head is not clear enough. but my head aches are rather better. [--] a (I can’t sew). good deal of cutting out & planning— (trousers for Eddie being my last flat)— looketh well to my Household,” [---] if not “clothed in scarlet,” one marvellously well dressed (for England) considering how very little I have spent on them or myself this year. Fees have been awfully bad: but I am thankful [The following is written sideways on page] have everything at present to be railed off now & too railing give us at least 2 weeks somehow One curve yesterday. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33A_F13_I7_p001.jpg) Boston Daily Globe. WEDNESDAY MORNING, SEPTEMBER 16 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33A_F13_I7_p002.jpg) The letter of Mr. William Wood of New York to the Hon. Edward Atkinson on the subject of building docks and warehouses, printed on the third page of this morning's GLOBE, will be found of great interest and value. It contains suggestions from a man who has not only had an exceptionally large experi- ence in dealing with this subject, but who is one of the most intelligent and public spirited men of the day. He recognizes the value of the South Boston flats and of Mr. Atkinson's plans for utilizing them, and gives wise hints regarding the general policy to be followed in dock- building. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33A_F13_I7_p003.jpg) MR. ATKINSON'S PLAN. UTILIZING THE SOUTH BOS- TON FLATS. Conference of the Legislative Committee and the Harbor Commisioners—An Interest- ing Letter from Mr. William Wood of New York—The Importance of the Scheme, Etc., Etc. A meeting of the special Legislative Committee on the use of South Boston flats was held, yesterday, for conference with the Harbor Commissioners, at which meeting the following very interesting letter was sub- mitted from Mr. William Wood of New York, a high authority in the matter of dock con- struction and improvements of that nature: Mr. Wood's Letter. 4 WEST EIGHTEENTH STREET. NEW YORK, September 9, 1874. Edward Atkinson, Esq.: MY DEAR SIR: I have, this morning, your favor of yesterday, along with Mr. H. F. Keith's map relative to the improvement of the South Boston flats, which, to one only slightly cognizant of the vicinity of Boston, throws a flood of light on the text of your argument, as given in THE BOSTON DAILY GLOBE of the 26th of August. On reading that argument I felt interested in the matter, not only because you had set your hand to the work, but because, for many years, I have taken a deep personal interest in the improvement of dock facilities, not only on this side of the Atlantic, but on the other, and I propose to offer to you a few hints with regard to the great undertaking which you have on hand, the result of my own personal experi- ence. Shortsighted people might fancy that it was entirely out of the way of an ardent New Yorker, like myself, even to offer any suggestions which might remotely benefit a rival port, but I have no such mis- givings. I believe that, with the ever-expanding growth of the great West, there is room enough, and to spare, for all the shipping facilities which can be afforded by Boston, New York, Philadelphia and Baltimore, and further than this, I believe, as a New Yorker, that the very best thing that could happen to us would be the eminent success of the plans which you now advocate, because it would reuse us from our apathy and sleepy trust in our natural advantages, and put an end to the "penny wise and pound foolish econ- omy" of our present municipal rules in reference to the pushing forward of our own docks and general improvement of our water-front. I was a merchant in Liverpool from 1832 to 1844, head of the house of Alexander Dennistoun & Co., and during my resi- dence there I took an active part in public affairs. A prominent subject of discussion, at that period, was the building of warehouses on the docks, of which I was an advocate. Of course we had all the vested in- terests of the warehouse keepers in the town against us, and they had great political power, so that we had a tough battle to fight; but the obvious advantage of exposing goods to as little handling and cartage as possible, in due time, worked out the desired result, although that was not fully obtained until after I had left Liverpool, to settle in New York, for the purpose of establishing the house of Dennistoun, Wood & Co., in 1844. For many years after my arrival here, my own private business was as much as I could attend to, but still keeping an eye on our docks, I saw that, year by year, they were falling behind the needs of the age, and year by year were getting diverted from the proper use of docks, and were more and more ob- structed by floating and permanent feed and hay stores, drinking saloons, lumber yards, boiler yards, boat-building yards, etc., etc., and our slips were year- ly filling up with mud and garbage. Having retired from business in 1867, several citizens, along with myself, determined to work a reform, if possible, in the management of our water-front, and the "Citi- zens' Association" took the matter in hand and called a meeting of the merchants at the Exchange in November, 1867; at that meeting I was appointed Chairman of a sub-committee to report upon the whole subject to a committee of the merchants. We had many and protracted meetings, and finally made our report, along with the draft of a bill, to be passed if practicable by our Legislature, providing for the future efficient management of the water-front of the island; but our efforts bore no immediate fruit, and matters went from bad to worse till, in 1870, the thing was energetically pushed through the Legisla- ture and a "Department of Docks." created, with ex- tensive powers over the whole water-front of this island; with power to spend $3,000,000 if ap- proved by the Commissioners of the Sinking Fund, said money to be raised by the issue of city bonds, having thirty years to run at not over seven per cent., and not to be sold below par. The Commis- sioners were five (of whom I had the honor to be one), and they were instructed to advertise all parties, having plans for the improvement of the water- front, to come before them with their plans and give either written or oral explanations of them. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33A_F13_I7_p004.jpg) After having heard all parties, the Commissioners were then to prepare plans, for the whole or a large sec- tion of the water-front, which, within one year, they were to submit, with the relative maps, to the Com- missioners of the Sinking Fund, and if approved by them, and when the maps signed by the Commis- sioners of Docks were countersigned by the Commis- sioners of the Sinking Fund, the plans became law. Our first step was to secure a first-rate engineer, and although I was the only Republican on the Board, I cordially united with my fellow Commissioners in selecting General G. B. McClellan, and, accordingly, in May, 1871, our plans, after mature deliberation and discussion, were prepared by him—from Sixty-first street, North River, to Grand street. East River, which area embraces nearly all the existing wharves of New York. Out plans were sanctioned by the Sinking Fund Commissioners, and immediately became law and so continue. To assist in carrying these out, we obtained from the State Commissioners of the Land Office a gift for the city of 1000 feet of land, under water all round the island, commencing at cer- tain designated points, and embracing all the land under water within the lines running through these points, except what belonged to private owners. The act creating the Dock Commission em- powered us to obtain such a grant, when we had ascertained how much land under water we would require for our purposes. The grant was obtained, and duly signed by the Governor and coun- tersigned by the Land Commissioner, and is worth to the city some $50,000,000. When we came to carry out our plans practically, we found that the very greatest obstacle was the possession by private individuals of nearly one-half of the wharves, and these not in any particular local- ity, but at irregular intervals all along the water- front; sometimes the city would own one side of a wharf and private parties the other; sometimes the city would own only a small portion of a wharf, and other parties the remainder; and the same held true with regard to the ownership of the bulkhead. But the latter was of less conse- quence than the wharves, for the possession of the 1000 feet of land under water enabled us, if bulkhead owners were obstructive, to build a bulk- head outside of them; and as they had only the right to collect wharfage at their bulkhead, and no vessels could get near them, of course we could bring them to terms, as their loss was only a "damnum absque injuria," which they had to "grin and abide." but of course this was not an agreeable thing to do, or even threaten; still it was "a rod in pickle," in case of necessity. Onr general plan for the North River water-front was to have a street 250 feet wide, which would give ample room for four lines of rails and cartage and footway. On the East River, the water street was at the beginning 200 feet wide, and nar- rowed down to 175. Our bulkhead was to be of Béton or artificial stone, below low water, and of granite above low water, and the height of the bulk- head and piers six feet above high water; we were to have twenty feet of water all along the bulkheads at low water, and the piers, at certain points, were to be on arches of Béton below low water, and of granite above. But such piers were too expensive except in particular localities; and, to begin with, we decided to have Pier No. 1, North River, so built, and it is now in process of construction; also Pier No. 1 on the East River, so that all vessels coming up from Sandy Hook would literally see us "with our best foot foremost." The other piers were to be built in the first instance at least of wood, and afterwards they could be replaced by Beton and granite piers, as the city could afford it. All such piers were to be built so as to sustain large warehouses on them. Our piers were to be from sixty to eighty, and in some cases 100 feet wide, and extending out about 600 feet from the bulkhead. The cost of this system, from Grand street, East River, to West Eleventh street, North River, being the busiest part of the water-front, and giving 4 33-100 miles of river wall or bulkhead, would cost, For bulkhead, $2,500,000 per mile $10,825,000 Piers, mainly wood, but two of granite 9,175,000 $20,000,000 In the above, the filling in of the bulkhead is in- cluded, but not its paving. Owing to the Tammany troubles in the first place, and then the reform mania for penuriousness, in the second, our great work was starved, and during the three years I was Commissioner, from May, 1870, till May 1873, instead of being furnished with $9,000,000, as the law intended that we should, we only obtained $2,150,730, which, however, enabled us to organize the department, take all soundings and surveys, repair many old, and build many new, wooden piers, provide ourselves with the largest der- rick in the world, manufacture much Béton and con- tract for granite, and actually make considerable progress with the beginning of the granite bulkhead at the battery, and of the North River, completing the boat-landing stage there and three arches of Pier No. 1. The three Commissioners who took our places, in May, 1873, are delayed by the want of money, as we were, but are carrying out our plans to the letter, and I am in hopes that if you can carry out your plans vigorously, instead of the money being doled out in driblets to our Commissioners, as it is at present, it will be made to flow in a steady stream, as required. Now, then, all my experience in Liverpool, and here, tends to confirm what you say regarding the necessity of dealing with the South Boston flats comprehensively and as an entirety, keeping the whole matter, land, drainage, railways and docks under the management of one corporate body, and allowing no private interests to spring up and thwart your matured plans, for the utilization of what, if properly managed, may be of enormous value to the City of Boston. We considered that Béton, or artifical stone (six parts broken stone, which will pass through a ring two inches in diameter, and none ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33A_F13_I7_p005.jpg) less than one-quarter inch, four parts silicious sea sand and one part best Portland cement), costs about half the price of granite and answers as well below low-water mark, and the blocks can be made of any size and shape up to sixty or eighty tons, if necessary, but you are nearer the granite country, and, of course, there would not be such a difference in the cost of granite with you. When your wharves are built, you ought to have warehouses on them, so built on arches that vessels can easily load and unload at them. You save immensely, both in quantity and quality of goods, by reducing the handling and cartage to a minimum. Your piers, as a rule, should be about eighty feet wide, so that two large vessels can load and unload at the same time, one on each side; and your piers should be from 500 to 600 feet long, at least, so as to allow the largest sea-going steamers ample room. Your wharves should also have towers at the seaward end capable of holding large tanks for water with which to work hydraulic machines, there- by saving, at least, fifty per cent. of the cost of manual labor. These tanks would be filled by pumps, worked by stationary steam engines at the rate of one for about every twenty wharves. This system is now in successful operation in one if not more of the Lon- don docks. The dock I particularly refer to is that under the superintendence of William Wil- son, C. E., who is now building docks at Brindisi for the kingdom of Italy, and who gave us several interviews at the dock department when he was here, three years ago. I don't know how Boston morals compare with those of New York, but here "stealage" is a really important item in landing produce, etc., and, there- fore, for our New York docks are looked forward ultimately to having all our water-front and dock railways within a high iron fence, with a sufficient number of gates and a regular dock police, as they have in Liverpool. With our docks, we proved to demonstration—and this calculation has been confirmed by our successors —that we could build the bulkhead and piers, and let them out on such terms as would in thirty years recoup the city for all its expenditure and give it the docks and bulkhead free. We based our rents thus: Land under water, valued same as adjacent uplands, seven per cent. per annum on that value; cost of bulkhead and pier, seven per cent. per annum on said amount of cost; if pier, built to last say twenty years, then one-half the per centage of cost per an- num, as a portion of the rent. We consider the bulkhead, when built, everlasting, and, therefore, did not incorporate any sinking fund to maintain it in the rent. We found a good demand for wharves on the above basis. We could let for fifty years in all, with thirty break, and a new valuation at each break, but not less than the original rent. Our principle was that the city ought eventually to own all the water-front, just as a man ought to own his own front door. We did not object to lessees building their own piers, if in accordance with our plans and under the supervision of our own superintendent. Heartily wishing you success in your great enterprise, I am, my dear sir, yours very truly, WILLIAM WOOD. Edward Atkinson, Esq., Boston. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33A_F14_I1_p002.jpg) as an additional acco[--] testiment of our "Admirable [--]icton" I told him he put me in mind of Sir Dugald Dalgetty, who could go without food for days and camp- aign & then when he got hold of the "provent" could lay in stone for a week, Tom said that was nearly literally his case as he probably would not touch food again till he reached Kane. Very bad for him all the same I was glad & thankful to hear from him that Elisha wanted to join the Church, Why should your fleece be wet with the due of Herluon & wine a[-]doy as so hard? I said to Tom if he had been a "rippin[-] snortin" Christian himself, I might have had my doubts about Elisha ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33A_F14_I1_p003.jpg) joining the Church at such an early age, but as it was, Elisha's desire could not arise from any hypocritical desire to please his Father, but only from pure Conviction, of what was right & therefore I thought he ought by no means to be hindered, but on the contrary to be bid God-speed. I sent you yesterday a copy of Capt. Codman's Book, which is in- teresting but in no way supersedes or comes in conflict with yours He mainly knew Gentiles & Apostate Mormons & his travels were all north of Salt Lake, yours all south yet from your very different stand points you arrive at the same conclusions that the Mormon Women are in favour of Polygamy & that persecution would be impolite besides being wicked & that the best thing is ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33A_F14_I1_p004.jpg) to leave them alone. His style is a firm contract to you. He & his wife are going off to Salt Lake next week via Saratoga she is affected with rheumatism & he is going to take her to Soda Springs. He is also going to study the art of bottling mineral Water at Saratoga & take a lot of bottle Corks wire[-] with him so as to bottle a few dozen of the Soda Spring water & bring it here on trial. He gave me just a glimpse of the "Capital" a Weekly paper published at Washington in which there is a review of his book & yours. I sent on $1.6 the Editor on 7th west & told him to forward 6 Copies to your address & send the rest of the dollars worth to me -Can you send a Presbyterian to Mr GH Watts. Glen House. Milford Pike County Pa My one is in my crop book & Nellie went to see the Review if you can't she can see it when the Cowes house – Nothing yet in the Evening Post. Nellie & her Babies seem to be getting on nicely at Milford -Harriet & Pop go there 14th wed ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33A_F14_I2_p001.jpg) ARCADIA, OR EL DORADO; WHICH SHALL IT BE? 57g The latest despatch from General Custer in relation to his Black Hills explorations is dated Bear Butte, Dakota, August 15. This place is on the most easterly line of the dis trict which is rather vaguely included under the general name of the Black Hills. The expedition had completed the exploration of this district, and was about to begin its home ward march. The health of the party was good, and so favorable had been the weather and the roads, and so luxuriant had been the pasturage, that the horses and cattle were in better condition than when they set out upon their long march, which at the date of the despatch had extended more than six hundred miles. In this despatch General Custer explains why other exploring parties have failed to en- ter the region of the Black Hills, He says: “This expedition entered the Black Hills from the west side, passed through the eastern and most southern ranges, explored the major portion of the interior, and passed out of the most eastern ranges, which form the boundary of the Black Hills. From the fact that in all our principal marches through the Black Hills we have taken without serious obstacle a heavily laden train of over one hun- dred wagons, it may be inferred that the Black Hills do not constitute the impenetrable region heretofore rep- resented. In entering the Black Hills from any direction the most serious if not the only obstacle we encountered at once near the outer base. This probably accounts for the story which has so long existed regarding the char- acter of the interior. Exploring parties have contented themselves with marching around the exterior base, and from the forbidding as- pect of the hills, as viewed at a distance, in- ferred that an advance towards the interior would only encounter increased obstacles.” As to the character of the country explored he can add nothing to his previous despatches. The later explorations confirmed the previous reports of its beauty and richness. The fol- lowing extract sums up the advantages of the region for settlement: “No portion of the United States can boast of a richer or better pasturage or purer water, the natural temperature of which in midsum- mer, as it flows from the earth, is twelve de- grees above the freezing point, and of greater advantages generally to the farmer or stock raiser. In the Black Hills building stone is found in inexhausti- ble quantities, and wood, fuel and lumber sufficient for all time to come. Rains are frequent, with no evidence of either drought or freshets. The days are perhaps too short and the nights too cool for corn; but I be- lieve all other grain could be produced here in abundance. Wheat particularly would yield largely. There is no doubt as to the existence of various metals throughout the hills. * * * Iron and plumbago have been found and beds of gypsum of apparently in- exhaustible extent. I referred in a former despatch to the discovery of gold. Subsequent examinations at numerous points confirm and strengthen the fact of the exist- ence of gold in the Black Hills. In some of the watercourses, almost every panful of earth produced gold in small yet paying quantities. Our brief halts and rapid marching prevented anything but a very hasty examination of the country in this respect, but in one place, and the only one within my knowledge where so great a depth was reached, a hole was dug eight feet in depth, and the miners report that they found gold among the roots of the grass, and from that point to the lowest point reach- ed gold was found in paying quantities. It has not required an expert to find gold in the Black Hills, as men without former experi- ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33A_F14_I2_p002.jpg) ence in mining have discovered it at an ex- pense of but little time or labor." The correspondents who accompany the expedition testify to the truth of all these state- ments, and dwell with great earnestness upon the abundance of the game and of the mineral productions. From these assertions it is likely that the peculiar adap- tation of the new country for agricultural purposes will be entirely overlooked in the scramble of the speculators to obtain the first foothold where such rich rewards are prom- ised. The expedition will not arrive at Lin- coln, on its return, until the first of Septem- ber, and yet preparations are already making at various points to organize mining compa- nies to follow in its footsteps. We hope that the government will be careful, in granting rights to them, not to sacrifice, as it has at times before, a rich agricultural district to gratify the rapacity of these eager speculators. We hope, also, that the people who desire to get rich will not invest their little means in ventures of whose results they can make no es- timate. "Gold in paying quantities" has often excited men to ruin before. Let them recall the history of the Pike's Peak fever in 1859 and 1860; the number of honest laboring men who lost everything in the wildrace for a bub- ble blown up by the rich gamblers; the hard- ship and actual starvation that overtook many who had sacrificed good homes and found no gold except that which was obtained by the hardest labor. If there are men with or without families who propose to settle in a new country, to develope its agricultural re- sources, to build up homes, and to accept such fortune as attends such enterprises, the Black Hills country appears to present extraordinary advantages; but if there are men who pro- pose to go there and bring back a fortune in a year or two, they will run ruinous risks. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33A_F14_I3_p002.jpg) I find one of the most invigorating drinks, in this hot weather is 2/3ds of a tumbles of ale with a lump of ice in it, & the other 1/3 filled up with iced water this takes off the bitter taste of the ale & the heating effects. Give my kindest love to the "Burbler," & tell her to try & keep well now that she is on the mend. Why in summer, Kane ought to be just uncommonly healthy. The very day I got your letter of 17th inst, I wrote to Aunt Mary & copied out your message verbatim. "Soft rebukes in blessings ended" dear old lady, she will probably think twice, before she gives us any more Gibbonism, I am glad that ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33A_F14_I3_p003.jpg) you now see, that there were many circumstances connected with Uncle Alick, that made me not like to hear him decried. How many circumstances combine to evoke our opinion & to generate action! We rarely get at all the truth. For instance, who would credit, that your Uncle Oilver's death, really helped to draw me to your mother instead of repelling me, you can guess the cause of the sympathy. Did you even think how much I was influenced towards my second wife because she was your mother's niece? At one time it was a pretty even balance, bet[---] her, & another, Aunt Eliza writing me to take the other, to whom I might perhaps have been married but for the other con[--]tion! ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33A_F14_I3_p004.jpg) I have been very busy all day transferring the equivalent of ?10,000 to Edith Arelia Slice's Trustees today & 5% interest thereon from the date of his Mother's death. The Acting Trustees are R. I. Cross & Dennistown, & of these practically the latter. It is odd that it was this very day last year, that I heard of Eliza's death & on this very day, Marin Robinson died. Your suggestion of the "Expansion & Contraction of the currency, or "A Pipe "across the Alp[--] Mid Winter or Incidents in Mercantile life 30 years ago", I have considered; the former I have said enough upon, in my Cooper Institute I p[--]h for the present. The letter I wrote mentally an article upon, yesterday [--]illed C Pa[---] that the weather is too hot at present to do anything practically, & I doubt if I will either write or speak more. You get the Life of Charles Magne Young ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33A_F14_I4_p001.jpg) Elie at last Aug 6 – 74 My darling Father Here I am at last literally appreciating one of the Kniss Arbours "resting for a while – for I’m in Anna’s arbor in the back garden – listening to Eddie!! & Rabe's voices at croquet! – Eddie looks pale & thin & Paul Dorubey-ish – but has really made a capitol [---]y, so far. It's warmer to day [--] is a c[--]ful, as yesterday it was bitterly cold – far colder in the [The following is written sideways on page] times the looks as bonny & sprightly a lami as you in wist to see, & in shepherders gear in the cornfields night stand for the typical, Hyland lassie o’ She has channele[-] like [-]ather and a great [---] if Won – & is much less of a Bal al[---] – n[-]t as I have seen here in the wd of a piting[-]ets ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33A_F14_I4_p002_3sdRhKm.jpg) [Column 1] (now) very a[---] house of Annas than a[---] dons. The new "Miss [--]ds" exaggerate the opposite of Aunt Helen's plan, & have fresh air & thorough ch[---]hts all over! Our l[---] Mrs G[-]ttine — (ex-nee Bani) are [---]e & close & warmer. [--] is bitter weather when one wishes to l[---] coals & [---]) I prefer. We are wonderfully comfortable there — Anna has added an entire new (small, wing to the house — consisting of trash house & extra nurses, where Eddie sleeps — It's getting quite a l[-]te Cottage [---] of a peace-bowery. [Column 2] payment of old-fashioned flowers & wooden only in its comforts Filling dear dear Bess I'm giving tonite to her [---]. The head aches are pleasantly drowsy & sea-air-if now- So I'm not must in diver for writing — either for love — is still less for money! so I've healed you. to a while [---]. I was telling Anna (before Katie) that I had docked [--] all correspondence to half-[-]te [---] enclosed — or open post cards — "can to Paper, the p[---]er Katie ande at the ten. take- [The following is written sideways on page] grandma 'Bell — it all over, after a [---] U[---] and she has a-[---]te soup can of [---] allert which is like music to my ears — I haven't seen any of our old friends yet. Anna sends her "kindest remembrances, & "wants for Bessie's book, which she likes exceedingly think very well withe — and — she's going to become a Mormon!" ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33A_F14_I4_p003.jpg) [---]h her head & whispered to me No, no that's a shame! "not to Grandpapa Wood! -- No! no –" Dear [-]ne Kane this my loyal to you. I [---] you [--] see her - She looks really [--]ny with pale roses in her cheeks, & actually a goldener glint in her hair the rem[-] if health I believe she is just glorious well. I do hope it w[--] be God's will to spare her from the measles. for this the joy of seeing her better – & finding it was only air she needed. Miss Keddie (S[---]er says "this a real find - I like her grandmother"–as— [text written rotated counterclockwise, going up the page, bottom to top] Goodbye, my own dear Father, s[-]y you w[-] read the G.E. In walked shear & much [--] at all yet! pr apply Co[---] ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33A_F14_I4_p004.jpg) [written in red] such a dear letter fr Bessie to day – just An expression of her Clear hi[--] ho[--]y faith – to mud clearer than mire I realy think when I can make up my mind to part with it / I must lend it to you, fr [text written rotated counterclockwise in margins] let us trust that [---] it has spoken to [--] cultivate a reader of men & women We can only pray : Good bye - With [--] ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33A_F14_I4_p005.jpg) her faith as clear as her handwriting with Mrs. Macrunts. Mrs. Powell for teacher Mrs. Hene, sister / cd seen it. or they have seen her book. I have told Solmn, I should like it placed between my hands, when I away " -- It so clearly expresses what I wish [text written rotated counterclockwise in margin] Marko [illegible deletion] M! & B the way did Im support Con[-]ie tra[-] the children??? N— wd be just like You!! or if you don't fear - I will Run you to feel. Not ch rest always o fale did ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33A_F14_I5_p001.jpg) Extract from my letter of 6th Augt 1874 to Henry Ferguson in reply to two remarks on Bessie's Book of 25/8/74. You say "I am annoyed to find the opinion here "so adverse to one dear Bessie having been allowed "to visit the Mormons that I am advised on no account "to let it be seen "–" I begin to think it not best to [---] "the best of a sinful practice, and now I have been "warned I will let no one see the book even with a preface " in case of doing harm, by making the sins of the flesh seem "light - I now deeply regret letting Fergus read any part "of it." You don't say who express the adverse opinion of Bessie's Book which you refer to, and of course the value of any opinion greatly depends upon who holds it for instance when "the son of man came eating & drinking" and the "unea quid" of that day said "Behold "a man gluttinous & a wine bibber, a friend of publicans & sinners, what value do you attach to the opinions of such people? The Bible adds "But wisdom is justified "of her children" - Bessie went to Utah sorely against the grain and only because the air of Arizona in winter was prescribed as a cure for her husband's ailments arising from his wounds (which it proved to be) Was she to let him go alone & probably die, or stay at home and almost certainly die? Or was she to pour in oil & wine & to the case of him altho she was obliged to leave friendly dealings with the Samaritans who surrounded him and who were kind to him? When a woman whose own conscience condemned her (which those of the Mormons do not) was brought before [---] ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33A_F14_I5_p002.jpg) [written vertically along left margin] and I sincerely trust that Fergus in his proboble E Indian experiences may never read any Book that will do him as much harm as Bessie's and then he will walk through the wilderness of this world with snow white garments &c.. &c.. William Wood Did he hold his tongue or did he tell her accusers to put her to death? No! he said "He that is without "sin among you let him first cast a stone at her" After they had all gone out convicted by their own conscious, without casting a stone He asked her "Hath no man condemned thee? "She said no man Lord. And Jesus said unto her neither do "I condemn thee, go & sin no more. As you deeply regret letting Fergus read Bessie's Book perhaps you had better advise him not to read St John 8th Chap. 3d to 11th verses. Bessie tells just the truth as she saw it "Nothing extenuates or sets down "ought in malice" You must recollect that her letters & Journals were only kept for herself & husband &forme; that her Hosband got the loose sheets bound into two 60 leaves & the first of these entirely unknown to Bessie he got printed for destrebution among her own family. Just then Congress was about to pass a Law, with go hi [-] thereto by the so called "Gentiles" of Utah, the effect of which would have been either to originate a bloody war or to drive forth into the [-]ied all the Mormons leaving their pleasant houses & fertile fields to a set of scamps, or just such morality as usually prevails on border lands and a great deal worse than the Mormons. I thought that a knowledge of the actual truth might prevent or mitigate the hostile legislation of Congress & therefore I assumed the responsibility of fables being sown 250 copies of the printed part of the Book these were I believe destribution in Washington & the Bill proposed was defreaed of to word features before it became a Law . If there be anything wrong or blameworthy in giving such circulation to the Book I & I alone am to be blamed, You will see that I assume that responsibility in the preface – You had only one of two things to do to kill off every Mormon, or to let them alone. Nobody would ad[-]vcate the first plan, and any intermediate sort of persuction would only make them more determined in their polygamistic practices. Let them alone & the whole fabric will come to nought. In the meantime I believe that they are more moral than any other Border population of equal number – so much for the Mormons ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33A_F14_I6_p001.jpg) No 7 61a St George Washington Co Utah Territory July 16th/74 R. 28 July 1874 A. 28 July ~ Mr William Wood Dear Sir I saw an account of your publishing a number of letter written by Mrs T. L. Kane. I herewith forward you the Postage and ask of you to favor me with a coppey what ever the price may be I shall be glad to forward it_ when ever you see eather of the boys or their Father or Mother tell them that the singing son of Vulcon still lived and would gladly devote his life to their comfort and happyness Mr William Wood were I but a scholar I would take delight in writing to you the ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33A_F14_I6_p002.jpg) ^ Mountains real fealings of the People of thees[-] towards your Daughtr and her Husb- -and. There are thousands of our Brothren from fifteen to eaighty who would carry General Kane sholder high aneywere he might wish to go, nay more they would stand in the gap when Death would stare him in the face if they had the opertunety. I am satisfied that [-]h no people could estea[--] two of Gods children more then our people do Mr and Mrs Kane You will pardon me and excuse my simple but honest heart felt expreshions and believe me to be Truly Yours Samuel L Adams ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33A_F14_I7_p001.jpg) 1129 Arch St Philada Sept, 16th 1874 Dear General I have recently got in possesion of a note addressed to [---] to James at the age office and a small Book by Mrs Kane on twelve mormon Homes, I have read the Book with pleasure and instruc[-]o[-]. And wether the Book was intended for me or not I cannot resest my desire to thank Mrs Kane for her Charming little Book on Mormon life. It is so transparent that every reader will realize the truthfulness of the descriptions of Mormon Families I regret with you that this Book had not been given to the public. It gives just the Kind of information that the people want to have and should have in regard to those strange people I agreed in every word that Mr William Wood has written as to the ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33A_F14_I7_p002.jpg) injury that would arise from our Government attempting to persecute those misguided people. It is hard to realize that a majority of our Congress should make so groose an error The average Congressman must know that persecution [--]ets errors that it perpetuates them, does not destroy them. Judge Poland will posible not take much interest in his bill. As this will be his last session If our Republican friends can be persuaded to stop without carrying out there [--]tere platform leaving Polygamy to work itself out in the mountains and valleys of utah and arizona. Real Statesmen recognise that all social systems are very imperfect. The recent Book issued by Dappleton containing on sociology show this conclusively It will be bad Statesmanship to persecute this people for it will defeat the ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33A_F14_I7_p003.jpg) very object intended. There growth and development has been mo[--] by persecution. Mormonism is a study. how is it they have made such progress. Is Brigham Young such a wonderful organizer or does it lay deeper, a Religious fanatacism that has stimulated them perform such herculean labour. This mormon settlement made at Salt Lake is a study for the thinkers of this Century I pray you pardon the long rambling letter, and present my thanks to Mrs Kane for her very Interesting and Instructive Book With greate Respect- I am yours very Truly Genl Thomas L Kane [--]o O. James ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33A_F15_I1_p001.jpg) LAW AND LAND OFFICE OF McKEAN CO. BYRON D. HAMLIN, PENNSYLVANIA Smethport, May 31st 1860 Thomas L Kane Esq Dear sir, I have your note of yesterday. Mr Parsans directs me to say that on his part he will accept of your offer to make his charges on a sale of the 41 Warrants $1.50 each, and presummes Mr Hyde will make his ships at 50 cents. Mr Hyde is absent from home so that I am not able to communicate with him. I have however no doubt but that he will also accept the proposal. Very Truly Byron D Hamlin ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33A_F15_I2_p001.jpg) 64a Col. Th. L. Kane. Fre[-]ind. Col. Kane. that letter you wrote the 24th November about the lumber is recieft the 22th of December. J. saw Ms Bright last Thuesday to Williamsville. and he give me a bill for Lumper to the Hores Barn J. wanted Mr Bright to give me a bill for the Hans. but he told me you would write to him about the Hans. and then he would give me the Bill for the Haus. At thier gut Llee an now. and i did and there wast. and i wante down to New Flanters yesterday and fout over 7 tansant. and of the Watter hatant rest and stop use, i woult put over 4 transant feet planks Bowrdmasure and should put over 12.000 more Bowrds. But Mr Gealies and Mr Howard taught you would wante about 20 ore 25 tansant for the did not believe that would be anough. I shall stat the Teames naght Monday Mr Howard and your Teame, There is no insh an ½ Lumper irt the Mille is i cane see. so you bater gid. yaws Doores made at Olean. you cane gid them cheeper there then you came gid the Lumper. J. am gone to Irons to Morae to care him the Bill. i expect the muste the Lumper is Lant. then i am gone home an tank to them Law suite And is sone i gid back i gid the ballence the Lumper over the Crieck J. shall keep them Teams gone with Pine and Charry tell i think i got enough. i dont think it is any Danger of haven to match J. think Mr Dad m't sum Money to gid provione with, sone Hamlin said there was a traft of $150 and he wanded $80 ant a with said at was payable to my Order. i told him i would not signed because Starxe hat not done his Chap. and he wonte gid at done an tell naughst spring because he and got at Lowht ant. i have to goe myself and Lok at ant, before Mr Fall sane trowe any Bowrds thrue M J. and John Hafner ben to New Hudson after a Sle and got a gut one and lowded back with Corn. John got them Horses so. to powl as true as any horses an the Road. And Cl[---]ean is so he snores every time you look at him. J. shall gid Burc skins to put over the Callers to keep there Nircs Drie i think your Horses is to Nice to you with out him J and seen Mr Fielhurt sans he loved and Burst hi[-] last Sunday J. shall goe thue Sheapen us snn as i cane. with out colakthen this bissanes We are all well and hope at find you all thissame Elk County Dec 22 1860 your truely Davis C[---]lies thats the forst letter i got cance you want ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33A_F15_I3_p001.jpg) 65a Sergeant 21" Dec 1860 Dear Sir Enclosed Please find Supervisor order for $20,00 which I send you by your request I might have sent it before but supposed it would make no material difference Mr Field is under bonds to appear and answer in regard to his little speculation in road ma keing and obtaining his pay therefor We are having & have had for the last four weeks as good Sleighing as we ever get which makes buisi ness assume a much more birsly appearence than it did last fall As you undoubtedly know how your private buisiness is conducted here I will trouble you with any news about it And now in conclusion I would like to ask a small favour of you my wife wishes to subscribe for the Saturday Evening Post if it is get published of which fact I am not aware or I would write to the publishers if you would take the trouble to direct the paper to be sent to my address it would be a favour that I wonder endeavour to recip- rocate at the first oportunity I need not profess my readiness to give you any information in my power in regard to affairs here if any you should require Truly yours D C Howard Col T L Kane ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33A_F15_I3_p002.jpg) D. C Howard Dec 21. 1860 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33A_F15_I4_p001.jpg) Smithport Pa Dec 11/60 Col. Thos. L. Kane} Philadelphia Pa.} Dear sir Yours of the 2d inst is at hand with Draft on New York for $10000 which a[-]t is placed to your credit. Also [-]ft on us which we will send Mr Cornelius From the Memmorrandum that [---] been nor make the amount due you more than you do. we took a copy of the statement made you but have mislaid it and would be very glad if you would send us a copy and then we will send a re- vised one to you. Mr. Fields desires r[-] to make the following proposition to you for him as he does not know what he will do without some means. Said Fields to receive $200~ new and bal. that his Lot will come to after finished and upon re- ceipt of said $200~ be to join good security or bail that it shall be com- -leted at the time that shall be fixed upon in the spring. Cornelius paid [---] Very Respt Yours H Haw[---] ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33A_F15_I4_p002.jpg) EVAN WIL T T TH ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33A_F15_I5_p001.jpg) Head=Quarters 20th Division NATIONAL GUARD OF PENNSYLVANIA, Meadville, Pa., Aug 20th 1872. Maj. Gen'l Kane 12th Div. N G of Pa General By the enclosed order, you will learn of a review, I have arranged for Sept 19th - It will afford me pleasure to have the presence of yourself and such companies as you can bri[edge torn] to add interest to the occasion. We shall probably turn out so[--] 20 Companies of our own, and th[-] Titusville Citizens Corps, and I hope to make the display the finest that has ever been made in W. W. Penn. I am Very Respectfully Yours H. S. Huidekoper <[---]> ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33A_F15_I6_p001.jpg) Bear Creek May 8th 1860 Col. Thomas. L. Kane My Dear Sir I send the bearer "Gustavus [-]erbeck" up with the "Orcott Horse" I hope the Horse will please you although I am not certain he will – He is a Horse of the best spirit a mi[---] that I have ever seen in the Country — But I am fearful about your being able to handle or drive Him — he is not vicious. But shy & a little Devlish — I trust you will not undertake to drive him until I see you and can help "hitch him up" he has never run off But has been badly handled — I ventured to bring him and concluded if he did not suit you I would take him off your hands –do not put spurs on him & be very gentle with him until you learn his ways & peculiarities - he is a splendid mo[--]g horse s[---]d every way & will go any distance in a day although he has not been much used or h[-]ant, b[-]d of late Truly Yours as ever P.S - There is nothing to pay A. J. Wilcox [-]eubeck- I settle with him [--] ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33A_F15_I7_p001.jpg) Dec 9th 1860 Col. Th. L. Kane Dear Sir. I write a few lines to you. and lett you kno[-] that i am well, and hope at find you th[--]same. Mr Kane i wante to Bidgeway. after you was gone. to gid some Money. but i cut not gid them traft change dan i hatt to goe home after some oats, for i would not Pay the Priese what the [-]rt upon here, Dan i gath the Money in Smithport, and statet after the Sheep. wante [--] by the Somet. Mr Mr Doel mnft in an his chap and to an forstrat, i want true from there to Mr Hunts and from there to Van an eve County from there to Buttler County from there to Clerian Velidge. I found Planty sheep. but not for paper Money at any priese at $3 a Heatt. we was a month to lath for By an sheeps, and i think it is the best to latt am pe an tell Spring, and dan we have Prospect to gid an um deep. I would not Pay out any Money, an last i no it is wortet I was gone seven Days and gath home to Day. And found am all well, and Eliz[--] is contentet as a Lam. your Horses look about as well as i ever seen am, and so your cattle. I this mist your Man, [---] i gath John Hafner hire. for raputagen what Esqr Altridge, Lut Wilcox. and Esqr Fall. give me. i there not trust him with your Team. or anything elts. for my own apluement i have no poty what i there trcost, i stat mucht Troesday new hadson after some Corn and Oats and i shall take John Hafner with me. and his Horses and fadge a loat back. i shall By 25 Bushel Corn and i think that all pe a nof. I Darr and latt at b[--] after Cort, i am fi[-]rt Oats all be hier. I Saw Mr Dickeson he would and L[-]le either Loks nor Teamper. Mr fromwill make the Siedon for $10 a t[-]nsant. of you do[--]t an chit to cut the Teamper you later latt from make the Boarts I was to P[-]emivesty and the ask me $20 or t[--]sant for the same [-]ine Siething you wante and i will not give at We bunnt Mr Fields over Tanning de traft [-]nter Falls prot[--]ts he told me that he gatt Mr Hamlin to write to you. to see ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33A_F15_I7_p002.jpg) of you give him time, to nachts Spring to make the Road in. he told of Col Kane would. i would, i told him i would not thue at. I could not see any Loa could ridge am of we list him. I saw Mr Wayd land he wanted me to Pay him some Money an that new Fridge. I told M. White i would not Pay one Dollar. un last at was order from Col. Kane. Dan i told them i would not Pay at last him and Fields and the Artithor sign at. and i told um that Money should beratey an a Minuts Worning I. see there is a Law suet about at and i am baunt to gib awr salf. savet if i no anof. I. saw William Mr Full and he wants that i shall pay the Taxes an Property i told him that he could pay the Tax for the use the Plase. he said would not pay the Tax for the Plase I. told him to move of the Plase and i pay the Tax. His wife reply. mant to baller. the Companey all the could. Hie deed sai any w[-]ant the cuntra what the would I. benn looken for that Teamper William Mr Fall cut. and i should think there was abaut 50 or 60 tausant by biier tallre i think he never wennt there, if it warramt and for hooken Teamper. He talke so part i there not Spine him an the Sueat. He said war his Haus and Barn is. he never was reachaoket of from at. My atwise to you and the Campany to trive him of the Lands as Law will latt him. he is tell um every stranger the Land and wort tto Pay Taxes an. I think at is runy to give William one cente you butter give to your frewuts and enurments. Of you wante him raywokel of i can quick Due at. I. recieved no letter from you and no Bill of Boarts. I. think Mr Irons wants Bill. i think to Sawt all i told him to saw just is quick is i gid home. I. shall trawe Boarts from new Planters Bill or no Bill. Mr Cornelies wante you to take all the Camphert you cann and of anything turns of i loth you know. Betwenn Cristmas and New jakrs you can look for venson give my last respacht to your Famelie David. E. Connelies ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33A_F16_I1_p001.jpg) An Act supplementary to an Act entitled an Act appointing commissioners to lay out and open a State road in the Counties of McKean Elk, Forest and Clarion approved the first day of May Anno Domini One thousand eight hundred and sixty one reviving the third sec- tion of said Act and authorizing the Commission ers to borrow money. Section 1. Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the Commonwealth of Pennsyl vania in General Assembly met and it is hereby enacted by the authority of the same that the third section of the act to which this is a supple- ment is re-enacted and declared to be in force for a period of five years from the first day of May Anno Domini one thousand eight hundred and sixty five. Provided this shall not be construed to extend to Clarion County ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33A_F16_I1_p002.jpg) Section 2. That for the purpose of enabling the commissioners to complete said road they are hereby authorized to borrow money not excee- ding fifteen thousand dollars and to issue bonds therefor at a rate of interest not excee- ding six per centum per annum. John P. Glass. Speaker of the House of Representatives. L. W. Hall. Speaker of the Senate. Approved the sixteenth day of March One thousand eight hundred and sixty seven John W. Geary ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33A_F16_I1_p003.jpg) Office of the Secretary of the Commonwealth, Harrisburg, June 18th A. D. 1867 Pennsy[---]ni[-] [covered by ribbon] ss: I do hereby Certify, That the forego= ing and annexed is a full, true and cor= rect copy of the original Act of the General Assembly, entitled "An Act Supplementary to an Act entitled an Act appointing Commissioners to lay out and open a State road in the Counties of Mc Kean Elk, Forest and Clarion approved on the first day of May Anno Domini One thousand eight hundred and sixty one reviving the third section of said act and authorizing the commissioners to borrow . as the same remains on file in this office. In Testimony Whereof, I have hereunto set my Hand and caused the Seal of the Secretary's Office to be affixed, the day and year above written. Isaac B. Gasa Deputy Secretary of the Commonwealth. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33A_F16_I1_p004.jpg) State Road Thomas L. Kane Supplement J. D. Hunt Willis Barrett Mar. 16. 1867 Filed June 20, 1867 St. Road Fees $2.00 paid by Genl Thomas L Kane [text written vertically] Fees availed Jan 1769 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33A_F16_I2_p001.jpg) LEGISLATURE OF PENNSYLVANIA. FILE OF THE SENATE. NO 1456 SINGERLY & MYERS, STATE PRINTERS. Mr. BILLINGFELT—Roads and Bridges. READ—MARCH 28, 1867. AN ACT Authorizing the court of quarter sessions of M'Kean county to appoint commis- sioners to take exclusive charge of a portion of the road leading from Smethport in M'Kean county to Wilcox in Elk county and to appropriate taxes for the repair and changing of the same 1 SECTION 1 Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Repre- 2 sentatives of the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania in General Assembly 3 met and it is hereby enacted by the authority of the same That 4 the court of quarter sessions of M'Kean county is hereby authorized to ap- 5 point any number of commissioners not exceeding three to take and have 6 exclusive charge of so much of the road leading from Smethport in said 7 county to Wilcox in Elk county as lies between the Howard hill road and 8 the latter place and annually to apportion to them for use upon said road 9 so much of the unseated road taxes assessed and levied by the commission- ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33A_F16_I2_p002.jpg) 10 ers or supervisors of the townships through which said road passes as shall 11 appear to said court just and necessary which shall be paid to the said road 12 commissioners as so apportioned by the commissioners of M'Kean and Elk 13 counties respectively in the proper orders drawn on the treasurers of the re- 14 spective counties 1 Section 2 That in addition to the taxes to be apportioned to said road 2 by the first section of this act the said court may order an additional tax 3 not exceeding two and one-half mills on the dollar of valuation during each 4 and every year this act continues in force on all subjects and things in the 5 townships through which said road passes which are made taxable for road 6 purposes which taxes the road commissioners to be appointed under this act 7 are hereby authorized to levy and collect in the same manner the road taxes 8 are now by law collected in the county of M'Kean 1 Section 3 The said road commissioners are hereby authorized to change 2 the location of a portion of said road not exceeding three miles in length 3 but a draft of the proposed new location and a careful estimate of the ex- 4 pense must first be made and presented to the court of quarter sessions of 5 M'Kean county and be approved by said court after which the said draft 6 shall be filed in the court and be a part of the record of said road 1 Section 4 That the commissioners to be appointed under this act shall 2 before entering on the duties of their office give bail in such form and 3 such amount as the said court shall direct and may be removed by said 4 court at any time and other commissioners appointed in their place who shall 5 be qualified in like manner they shall each receive the sum of two dollars 6 per day for the time necessarily spent in the discharge of their duties and 7 shall settle their accounts each year with the auditors of M'Kean county at 8 the same time and in the same manner as the commissioners of M'Kean 9 county now settle by law ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33A_F16_I2_p003.jpg) 1 Section 5 That this act shall continue in force until the court of quarter 2 sesions of M'Kean county shall declare it no longer necessary and shall de- 3 cree the offices created by this act vacant when it shall cease and determine 4 and the said road shall return into the charge of the proper officer of the 5 respective townships through which the road passes John P. Glass Speaker of the House of Reps. L. W. Hall Speaker of the Senate Approved the twelfth day of April A.D. one thousand eight hundred and sixty seven. Jno. W. Geary ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33A_F16_I2_p004.jpg) Office of the Secretary of the Commonwealth, Harrisburg, June 11 A. D. 1867 Pennsylvania, ss: I do hereby Certify, That the forego= ing and annexed is a full, true and cor= rect copy of the original Act of the General Assembly, entitled "An Act authorizing the court of quarter sessions of McKean county to appoint commissioners to take exclusive charge of a portion of the road leading from Smethport in McKean county to Wilcox in Elk county and to appropriate taxes for the repair and changing of the same" as the same remains on file in this office. In Testimony Whereof, I have hereunto set my Hand and caused the Seal of the Secretary's Office to be affixed, the day and year above written. Isaac B. Gara Deputy Secretary of the Commonwealth. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33A_F16_I2_p005.jpg) Smethport & Wilcox St Road Fees $1.50 Paid by B. D. Hamlin Esq. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33A_F16_I3_p001.JPG) Henry Dexter Learned Service Frank HENRY DEXTER LEARNED Lieut. Comdr. U.S.N.R. 1915 Kalorama Rd Washington DC Col. & Mrs. E. K. Kane Kane Pennsylvania [letter stamp] WASHINGTON, D.C. 12 1942 DEC 30 130 PM ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33A_F16_I3_p003.JPG) A shot in the dark, for I've no idea where you w[-]y be now. We are well, including William Dexter, b. 1 III 1942 Henry Learned ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33A_F16_I3_p004.JPG) [large picture on the page] Henry Dexter Learned 42 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33A_F16_I4_p001.jpg) [stamp] UNITED STATES 3 THREE CENTS Gen'l Kane Kane Mc Kean Co Penna ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33A_F16_I4_p002.jpg) Williamsville. W[-] Wilcox, Elk Co Penna To Gen'l Kane, April 8. 1870. My Dear Sir, I have the pleasure to present herewith, report of Levels taken on the projected R. R from Wilcox to Lime Kiln flat, by way of Oil Creek. Bench A. being the S. W. corner of Mr. Ernherits Barn: Bench B. Oil Creek Summit: Bench C. N. E. Cor I. L. Browns Lot. & S. E. Corner Breck[-]tes farm. feet. Bench A--------------------------------------- 0.000 " B--------------------------------------+362.505 " C----------14.955 + 362.505 = + 377.460 Post marked 362.5 between Brecktles S. E. Cor and Mr Browns house, being at the point where level of Oil Creek Summit Crosses the turnpike. Post marked 362.5. between Lime Kiln road and John Weiderts house, where level of Oil Creek Summit recrosses the turnpike. Post marked 362.5, in Lime Kiln road where level of Oil Creek Summit crosses it. I put these posts in, so that you could see the line of level when on your trip to the mines. The Distance between A & B. along the projected route is 20328 feet, which gives a grade of 94 2/10 feet nearly, to the mile, and which is the only formidable objection to the route. All other Elevations or depressions can be easily overcome. I continued the line as far as the Lime Kiln flat and find it 2.315 + 14.955 + 362.505 = 379.775, with every facility for going higher or lower as may be desired. the lower the line goes the less fill there will ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33A_F16_I4_p004.jpg) be at the run. On Tuesday Evening I .asked Col Wilcox to send word to you the height and Distance between A. and B. and on Wednesday morning I saw Mr Burlingame on his way to Kane and asked him to be the bearer of the same report. I saw Mr Burlingame this morning, who speaks of another line of levels to be taken, commencing at Bunker hill, of that probably you will send more definite Instructions as Mr B. appeared somewhat in a hurry. ~ Hoping to hear from you, if this line is to be run and cut out, and also to have instructions as to the other, I have the pleasure to be my Dear General very Respectfully Your obedt Servt R. Hadfield P.S. If desired I can send you field notes of these levels, having preserved them for future reference. H. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33A_F16_I5_p001.jpg) In the wilderness—Elk-Camp McKean County. August 10th, 1825 My dear Helen, I wrote to you last from Packersville, on the great Eric turnpike road. You no doubt supposed that this ville was a clever county town, but you must know that there is nothing like a town in either Clearfield county or this. Packersville consists of a tavern only, which has on its sign this pious and veracious inscription: If it is god's will This woods shal yeald and the wilderness be Turned to a Fruitfull field. Clearfield, the county-town, where our board is to hold its next meeting and which is known here only by the name of Old-town, consists, I am told, of our very handsome court-house, and our very mi- serable tavern. When I wrote to you, we had engaged a dearborn to carry our baggage, and give us an occasional lift, to what is called Kensey's settlement, but the fellow with whom we had banquished disappointed us, and, after waiting for him till about 9 o'c, we determined to make our journey on foot. Fortunately there were two persons, and old man named Green, and an old lady named Cuyler, who were bound to the settlement, and served as our guides. They were on horseback. The old gentleman was very accommodating - and I should have had an occasional ride, but Mr. McIlvain had been in bad health, and was so feeble, that he had to ride half the way at least, and I did not mount once during the day. I mentioned to you before that we had to pass 21 miles thru' the woods before there was any house. This great length of wilderness was strange to me, and difficult to nallin[-]. It seemed wonderful that we should go so far forward, without meeting with a single sign that man had him then before us, except the miserable road on which we were walking. The road was very hilly, so that we were, half the time, rather climbing than walking, and, after having come 14 miles, we had to ascend Boon's mountain, which is be- lived by many persons to be higher than the Allegheny. About 6 o'c. in the evening, we reached the house of our fellow-traveller Mrs. Cuyler, where we spent the night, and were most kindly and hospi- tably entertained. I had walked 26 miles, and still felt strong and pretty fresh, my principal inconvenience being that my clothes were ringing wet with pirspiration. Mr. Cuyler is one of the most considera- ble farmers in the settlement, and his house the best one seen. It con- sists of two rooms on the first floor, and of one large chamber on the ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33A_F16_I5_p002.jpg) second. It will give you some idea of the degree of refine- ment to which these good people have attained, when I mentioned that we put to bed in the same room with two married couples, one a bride and groom, and two young girls of 14 and 16. The next morning, after breakfast, we again set out upon our journey, and went to the house of our fellow-traveller Green, where we staid until the next morning, and were treated with every possi- ble attention. Here we procured guides and horses, and set out for the encampment of our surveyors, where we arrived yesterday, about 1 o'c. The party were all about, except a fine facetious young fellow named Joseph, who is hunter and cook, has been in the army, and has abundance of song, story, and joke. He was forthwith dipatched after Mr. Wilson and his company, and we were welcomed as guests whom they had been long expecting, and were anxious to see. It is impossible for me to give you an adequate idea of these noble forests of hemlock, pine and maple. The hemlock is the thickest tree, but some of the white pines are 150 feet high. The nearest town to our present encampment, is Carr's, 10 miles South of us; to the north the wilderness is totally uninhabited to the state of New York. This wood is supposed not to have been traversed by man since the year 1795, when it was surveyed. In fact there has been no motion for visiting it, except to search after game, and this has not been done, because there was no mithod of getting the game home after it had been killed. The first road into this wilderness, which has been made by our party, and it is but first passable by a pack-horse. As soon as we arrived, Joseph began to prepare our dinner which was not only highly relished by our hungry travellers, (6 of us,) but was really excellent in itself. The kitchen utensils consist of a camp-kettle, a frying-pan, a parcel of tin cups and iron spoons, a tin pan and a quart pot. Each man carries his knife, and plates and forks an luxuries not admitted into the woods. Two or three days before our arrival, Joe had killed a very fine Elk, of which he fried us a mess. The meat is very good, partaking of the taste of beef and veal. We had besides some fried ham, and a draught of very good coffee. There is no liquor among us. I have thus given you the history of all our meals, except that in the evening we have chocolate instead of coffee. I forgot to mention that we have excellent bread. Aug. 11th.— Our habitation consists of what is called a shed-tent, shaped thus, [drawing of their shed-tent] open in front, and having, about 7 ft. before it, a large fire [more of the picture] made of maple logs, 20 ft. long. The tent itself is 15 ft wide, and about 8 ft deep. The ground under the tent is covered with hemlock leaves, which make a fragrant and comfortable bed. I can truly say, that I slept more soundly and comfortably last night, than I have since I left home; for the smoak left off the gnats, and we had no bed bugs. We are here in the immediate vicinity of the lowest ridge that has yet been found between the Eastern and Western waters of the state; and ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33A_F16_I5_p003.jpg) I have had the pleasure of seeing the waters of the Chesapeake and those of the Mississippi parting from the same green [--]d. The eastern rill runs into West creek, which is a branch of the Driftwood branch of the Sinnemahoning. The western rill runs into Tobey's creek, which empties, as you know, into the Alleghenny. This country is [--]ll natural. and by sinking our summit, which is very narrow, 50 or 80 feet, (which ought to be done w[--] it only to saw lockage,) several clever little streams could be brought into it from this immediate vicinity. They are not, however, sufficient for the purpose supply [--] a canal, and we are now engaged in running our line of levels in a N.W. course, to Toby's creek, to ascertain whether the waters of this considerable stream, cannot be brought on to our summit. I shall stay with the party, until this important point is determined; and should the [--]t be favorable to our views, I shall have to remain until the streams are gauged. One of the most extraordinary appearances presented in these forests is what is called a Wind-fall, which is a space where the trees have been laid prostrate, by a tornado of wind. We are now engaged in running our lines across one of these which ac[--]ssed was occasioned about 5 years ago, by a tremendous storm, [--]ll remembered in the neighbor- hood. It is from half a mile to a mile wide, and is known to be 70 miles long. Not a tree of any size is left standing. After the occurrence of a wind-fall, the span grows up with blackberry and other bushes. These are succeeded by wild cherry trees; and then, finally, by hemlock, pine, birch, maple, and other forest trees. We have seen them in all these states. Luckily our neighboring windfall is at its blackberry epoch, and I sat this morning upon a log, and without changing my place, ate my fill of the finest blackberries. Last night it rained, and at first our tent leaked, but when it got thoroughly wet, it kept out the rain pretty well, and we slept through it soundly. Aug. 12th. Yesterday we moved our camp, and [--] an now located about 3 miles N.W. of our former position. I [--]d not say that our situation is a beautiful one. Every place in this forest is beautiful. I have had a continual feeling of the sublime ever since I came into it. You know my taste for wild and unfrequented plans; and here, for the first time, I have it gratified in perfection. Go where you will, not a foot step is to be seen, but of the elk, (which are seen here in herds,) the deer, the bear, and the panther - not a trace to show that man has been before you, except the barked trees which mark the old Indian encampments. We call our present location Camp-Porcupine, from a cir- cumstance which was really distressing. On our way here our dog Buck, a bold and excellent hunter, ran up to us in great pain, with his tongue, the roof and base of his mouth, his gums, ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33A_F16_I5_p004.jpg) his noh, and fore legs and feet stuck full of porcupine's quills the consequence of his having attacked one of these animals, now so rare in this country. The porcupine's quill is barbed at the end, and it took two of our men more, than an hour to pluck them out; the dog submitting with great patience to this painful operation, of which he understood the motive perfectly. To day he has been out hunting as usual. Last night our fire went out, and we all waked shivering with the cold; for we take off nearly all our clothes. The accident was soon remedied, however, and none of us have suffered. Indeed it is not at all an uncommon thing, for these backwoods men to be obliged to spend a winter night in the woods, without any shelter whatever but that of a hemlock tree. I have not yet told you of whom our surveying party con- sists. Mr. Wm. Wilson, whom you have seen, is the chief. The second, who has charge of the compass, and notes the bearings &c. is Mr. Joseph Wallis; the target bearer is George Berry; Matthew Thomson and William McClintock (a boy) an the chain-bearers; and James Iddings and Henry Abker an the pioneers; who clear the way through the woods, and have no sincere I assure you; Joseph Davis is hunter and cook; and Richard Gelat, who is almost always on the road with his horn, is packer. Our depôt of provisions &c. is at Iddings's. 15 miles off. I have to record today, an event of great importance and rare oc- currence among us. – I have shaved and shirted! They have in the party but one razor, and no glass; so that I had to shave myself by rule of thumb, (as they call it,) and I have been really sur- prised to find of how little importance the eyes are to this opera- tion. – I have also enjoyed the luxury of a thorough scrubbing in the nameless creek which flows past us. I do not know, my dear Helen, when I shall be able to send you this long letter, and I shall go on adding to it from day to day, until it can be sent to a post-office, or until I take it to one myself. I write it lying at full length upon the hemlock boughs which cover our tent floor, and using the back of a knap- sack for my desk. I write, too, whatever occurs to me, caring little for either style or matter; for I am not pinning either an epistle or a journal, but just talking to my own dear wife. — Good night. Aug. 13. – To day Joe brought us a brace of pheasants for our dinner, both shot with the rifle, in the head. They were barbacued by fixing them upon a forked stick before the fire. I have nothing else to write you for this day, for the ordi- nary and serious business of the party, affords us suitable matter for a letter. Aug. 15. – Camp Toby. Yesterday (Sunday) we moved our camp to the banks of the Toby, where we shall probably remain for some days. Toby's creek forms the eastern (branch ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33A_F16_I5_p005.jpg) branch of Clarion river, which empties into the Allegheney. It is a very fine stream even at this low season time, when, according to the unvarying evidence of the settlers, the waters are lower than they have ever known them. We shall not undertake to gauge it, of course, until we ascertain whether it can be used for a feeder, and at what point. If we have not to ascend it above the forks, which are supposed to be about 5 miles above us, I have no hesitation in saying that the supply of water will be abundant, and super abundant, for any canal that we may desire to make. I wish you could see us at our present encamp- ment. I assure you no place can be more beautiful or more romantic. But one thing was wanting to complete the beauties of our former encampments, and that is now supplied by the charming stream that now murmurs past us. Aug. 16.– Yesterday Mr. Wilson was engaged in levelling down the road by which we came to this camp. and this morning he struck the Toby a little above, and finds that we shall have to pass several miles up the stream, before we can reach the point at which it is t[-] be guaged, and I cannot leave the party until this is done. We have been fishing this morning and have caught a mess of trout. Joe has also shot us a brace of ducks, at a single shot with his rifle. They are of the kind called shell-drakes. Their quality is yet to be tried. Monday evening Aug. 22– Harvey's settlement. – I am again in a house, after having been two weeks, without even seeing such a curiosity.– But to my story. On the morning of the 17th, I found that Mr. Wilson had almost lost his voice with a cold, and was otherwise much indisposed from fatigue and exposure. I insisted, therefore, upon releivng him from duty, for this day at least, and taking his place at the level. To this arrangement he yielded reluctantly, and I entend upon my new occupation. It was absolutely necesary to follow the bed of the creek, and I was that day 10 hours in the water, generally knee-deep. When evning came, we were six miles above the encampment, and it would have been impracticable to return to it; indeed we did not expect to do so when we set out. We accordingly ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33A_F16_I5_p006.jpg) built a fire, and lay in our blankets under a hemlock tree, — our only shelter. What formed the worst part of our situation that night was that it rained from about 12 o'c., 'till morning. Still I slept well, for I had been fatigued by a hard day's work, – nor did I experience the slightest inconvenience from my exposure. I named this place Camp Misery. The next morning, we set out with the intention of extending our lands up the creek; but, before we had proceeded a mile, we were stopped by the rain, and obliged to return to camp. Soon after, Joe camp up from the lower camp with a supply of provisions,— and with five letters for me, one of which was a charming and most welcome letter from my dear Helen. Think of the situation in which I received it. Chilled with the cold rain, without any shelter whatever from the storms, and nearly 20 miles from the nearest house. – But I will not sentamentalize. The letters, with some other arti- cles, were brought to me by a special messenger. In the afternoon, our tent and other camp equipage were brought up to us - and Mr. McIlvania came to us and fatigued and indisposed. The tent was pitched, but the ground was wet, and the our bed of hemlock boughs was wet, and I really found our situation much more un– comfortable than on the preceding night The next day, (the 19th.,) the rain still prevented our levelling, and we determined to measure up to the point at which we estimated that the waters of the creek could be taken into the feeder, and there to guage the stream. The distance was 5 miles, and I assure you that we had a day of great labor and exposure. We accomplished our object however. When I returned to Camp Misery, I was as thoroughly wet, as if I had been held by the heel like Achilles, and dipped into the ocean. [Good night.] The 20th was the most painful day that I have pas- sed in the woods. It rained incessantly, Mr. McIlvaine was quite sick, and yet it was absolutely necessary that we should return to our last encampment. Poor Mc I. was much to be pitied. It would have killed him to ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33A_F16_I5_p007.jpg) stay at this horrible encampment, and yet it was almost impossible for him to leave it. He determined to make the exertion, and we set out. We had no road of any kind to guide us, it rained hard, the bushes were completely wet, and we had to make our way in the creek, over wood falls, or through laurel thickets, so that, with every effort, to walk five miles took us nearly as many hours. During the scramble Mr. Mc I. had the chill and fever of an ague fit, and was moreover afflicted with rheuma- tism in the thigh. — Our tent could not be re- moved, but the men had prepared, against our ar- rival, a sort of Indian cabin, enclosed on their sides with hemlock boughs, and covered at the top with hemlock back. It rain'd excessively during the night, and I found myself lying, in the morning, with my shoul- der in a puddle of water. But I was not a whit the work. Indeed I have not had the slightest cold, pain, or ache, of any description during my excursion and [--]healthy appearance is remarked by all [---] see The ease with which I have stood all our hardships and exposures struck the party very much, and they admit me, with our consent, into the hardy fraternity of woodsmen. – On sunday, the 21st, we determined, as the rain con- tinued, that the whole party should return to the settle- ment. Horses had been ordered to be brought to camp that day, in order to take Mr. Mc I. and myself in, the next day; but we thought, that, by setting out early, on foot, we should meet them half way, [---] the same a day. Mr. McI. being better, we set out [---] dingly, and were fortunate enough to suit the horses before we had walked more than ten miles. We arrived here (Kersey's settlement) in the evning, and had a good supper, - a good bed, and a kind welcome, in the hospitable cabin of old Mr. Green. — This day (Monday) we lie by to recruit, and tomorrow we set out for Packerville. Packersville, Aug. 23d. – After spending 10 hours on horse back, with an intermission of only 10 or 12 minutes, ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33A_F16_I5_p008.jpg) here we are, — still in the back-wood it is true, but yet on a high road, and in a house with more than two rooms in it. — I found judge Rawl[-] here, waiting for my arrival. Tomorrow Mr. Mc Ilvaine will set out for Philadelphia, and judge R. and myself, to join the party headed by Mr. Mitchell. Unfortunately the road to Mr. Mitchell’s present position is not pos- sible for a horse, and we must therefore go on foot. Tomorrow we expect to have to make 25 miles; but I shall not fe[--] that now [The following is written sideways] Philipsburg} [-] 56[-] 28th August} Mrs. R. M. Patterson Philadelphia. By J. McIlvaine Esq. day of [---] I wish I could go on scribbling to you, my diarist, but I must at last close this long letter. —The last Wed- nesday happens to be the last day of Aug., and then I must attend the meeting of the board at Chanfield. — As soon after that as possible, I shall join my dear wife and children. My heart is always with you. — Remember me to all our friends. I cannot name them. Kiss the dear children for me. How I long to [--]s them and you. R. M. P. — ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33A_F16_I6_p001.jpg) cleared Br. J T. to Br. Barbour 2 Mr Hamlin [The following is written sideways] General Thomas L. Kane Kane In Kean County Pa. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33A_F16_I6_p002.jpg) Answer me Saying we made As to answer arrayments of 1 task – [---]t are perfectly agreed to leave them as you purposed: had did not nd Barlow [-]ffer to give If Mr. Barlow shd d[--] or d[-]ll mt. Inform the inf[--] of the t[---] named – or interest the public [---] off his pa[---] d[--]ng the time named — after you and ourselves down no have found half our money We then be protected against this The title also: Please see to this. My dear Sir: Sir the Enclosed I have written in answer You will give Security. Satisfactory to Mr Hamb[--] – and say Yes]! ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33A_F16_I6_p003.jpg) [pencil is messy and smudged, making some text illegible] I have been corrspon[-]ing with [---] [---] Wd you be willing to Colose the wager [illegible lines] to withdraw – I paying you down $100.— I had [--] the [---] to go on with the Arrayment for. other[---] $100 to o[-----] in your [-]ands as [---]– 17 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33A_F16_I7_p001.jpg) LAW AND LAND OFFICE OF McKEAN CO. BYRON D. HAMLIN, PENNSYLVANIA. Smethport, Sep 7th 1860 Thomas L. Kane Esq Dear sir, - Our Tax Records show: that 2607 was assessed for 1856-7 to B. T. A. M Jones as containing 659 acres, and on that quantity only they paid, — On the 12 June 1848 there was sold 141 acres of that Warrant to A. U. Cory which does not appear to have been redressed. This 141 acres was then assessed to Jacob Harter, and sold in his name. The title acquired by Cory was transferred by him to A. N. Cale, and by Cole to the party now claiming. On the face of the record the title to 141 acres of No 2607 seems to have passed by that sale from Miss Jones and is now vested in Cory's vendees. I have called on the [-]eas to adjust the errors mentioned, He does not now clearly see them, - and I told him I would ask you to bring the other receipts for payment of No 3131. The acre you handed me was for the McK & E. Co. alone. Very Truly Byron D Hamlin ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33A_F16_I7_p002.jpg) [text upside down] McK E Co. B. D. Hamlin Septem. 7. 1860 2607 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33A_F17_I1_p001.jpg) LAW AND LAND OFFICE OF McKEAN CO. BYRON D. HAMLIN, PENNSYLVANIA. Smethport, Sep 18th 1860 Thomas L. Kane Esq Dear Sir, I regret very much to leave Ed[-] Cornelius of the recent accident which befel you and trust it may not prove serious. It will not be safe to think of trying su[-]s of our [--]ts at the coming time. The dependants have not put them at issue, and promised me to give me notice in case they did so and would be ready to try them. I have commenced proceedings in partition for the division of 3170. The agent of Be[--]s tells me he will consent to our amicable partition. This will of course be to be determined in the future. I have filed a declaration against Sage, and will put it in a way to be tried. It, however, cannot be tried at the coming term. Very Truly Byron D Hamlin ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33A_F17_I1_p002.jpg) McK E Co. B.D. Hamlin Septem. 18. 1860 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33A_F17_I2_p001.jpg) E. Sayers Esqre. Care of William C. Staines Esquire Great Salt Lake City Utah Territory ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33A_F17_I2_p002.jpg) Elk County Penna, August 1860 My dear Sir: Your letter of February 4th. was for= warded to me in the mountain retreat in which I now pass all but the winter months of the year, and where I seem almost as much cut off from the resources of Eastern civilization as you are in Utah. I have delayed my answer therefore until I could have your commissions executed by a horticulturist friend in Philadelphia. When this is mailed for me there will have been sent you by the hands of (name of carrier) mention of articles sent. Mr. Sayers. I will be= ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33A_F17_I2_p003.jpg) I will be pleased to procure you any other plants seeds or cuttings which you may particularly desire, es= pecially if you can designate a carrier for them. I wd. not ask reciprocation, but if you can send me promptly some of the seed of the Bunch Grass and the Hedysarum (Hedysarum Boreale) so much praised, I will be highly obliged, and you can confer a favor on the deserving agricultur= ists of our region. There may be other indigenous grass or Clover seeds which you wd. recommend with them. I wd. particularly name seeds of the Bunch Grass, so called, which grows near the shores of the Salt Lake. Send me a few parcels by mail to the amount of the enclosed $2 in postage stamps. Yours most sincerely Thomas L. Kane address 424 Walnut St. Philadelphia ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33A_F17_I3_p001.jpg) Comporium Dec, 23d 1868, Gen. Thomas L. Kane Esq Dear Sir I was gone one day from home, and Slept this afternoon in the office for my mail, and found your letter, I am sorry if I have missed any offer for 2486 of which you have been so kind to Secure for me, had I known you had to answer by telegram at once, I should of said to you to close the bargain at 6,90. I think I wrote you I would take it at 7,00 and to be sure and secure it, well so you did, and I supposed I would have a few days to choose, & said I would accept the first or last offer, & thought I would the first, and you might consider it sold, Now general, if the first offer is, or can be open close the bargain for me at 6,90 per acre, and if not, close ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33A_F17_I3_p002.jpg) the last offer $3 = down per acre and Bond & Mortgage for balance $5,04_5_ Equal anual payments, the part payment 1st march when surveyed and conveyance made, I suppose if I want to pay all down, thy will let me, and do the fa[-]e thing by me, I want to pay it all, So I can go on and cut when Survey is made, provided it dont cost me much above the first offer 6,90 and if it does I will pay according to last offer, I can aford to pay a little more than 6,90 if thy will let me pay it and be done with it, even at 7,10 per acre, please do the best you can for me, which I know you will, I will give you no trouble, by closeing the bargain for me as above requested Yours very Respectfully Joseph Hausli[-] ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33A_F17_I3_p003.jpg) Gen, Thomas, L Kane Kane Pa ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33A_F17_I4_p001.jpg) S. C. [-]VEE. Attorney at Law, EMPORIUM, [---] County, Pa. Genl. Thomas L. Kane Kane McKean County Pa 72d ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33A_F17_I4_p002.jpg) LAW OFFICE OF SAMUEL C. HYDE. Emporium, Pa., December 23d 1868 My Dear General Kane I have a friend that wants to purchase Warrant No 2486 in Cameron County belonging to your Company. whos will you Sell it for cash in hand please let me hear from you. Yours [---]tly Samuel C Hyde ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33A_F17_I5_p001.jpg) [on the background of page] United States of America House of Representatives, Washington D.C. Major Gen. Thos. L. Kane, 1024 Clinton Street, Philadelphia, Penn.— ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33A_F17_I5_p002.jpg) 1st hope to money off[-]nd (Conduct?)} wn officiat misdomeanors or misconduct} para[---] presents h[-]s m[-] not irreproachable Mormon representatives - for themselves ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33A_F17_I5_p003.jpg) House of Representatives, Washington, D.C., Jan. 28th, 1875. My dear General: The delay in reaching my case occasion- ed by the fillibuster [--] to prevent the passage of the Civil Rights [inserted postage stamps] me to again send you a copy of the rema[---] thought of mak- ing. If you do not ge[--] in time to be of service to me, it will be all right, as I have a copy which, should the case come up before hearing from you, I can use. I see no pros- pect at present of the case being reached before Monday, or perhaps Tuesday next, at the earli- est. This lock-up will last, it is probable, until Monday. Since the return of the Mss. from Phila- delphia, (Mrs. Kane having kindly taken the trouble to mail it) I have made alterations on pages ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33A_F17_I5_p004.jpg) three and four in ink and crossed out others in lead pencil. In conversation with Judge Harrison he expressed so anxious a desire to win the point and delicately hinted as to my line of argument,? that unless I felt it to be very necessary to ad- vocate the divinity of polygamy, it might be well not to say anything that would arouse the oppo- sition, &c. ? I reviewed what I had written and cross- ed out such parts as I thought would arouse feeling. I had written with more freedom on these points, expecting that you would be so kind when you saw anything that appeared unwise as to cross it out, doubting myself very seriously the propriety at such a time of launching into a defence of plural marriage. I am the more con- firmed in this view by the reflection that while many members would be clear in their minds upon the question of expulsion, and think the whole pro- ceeding wrong, yet they would not want to be placed ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33A_F17_I5_p005.jpg) House of Representatives, Washington, D.C., ,187 . in the position of seeming to give an endorse- ment to polygamy. Gen. Butler said the other day that he would fight such a proposition to the day of his death. Mr. Potter is strongly opposed to the proceeding, as also Mr. Eldredge, both of the Judiciary Committee. Mr. Rob't. S. Hale expressed to Mr. Harrison his concurrence in his report, and expressed a wish to have time to speak upon it. Pardon me for troubling you so much with my affairs. I am the more emboldened to do so by the invitation you gave me to submit what I had to say to you. I can repeat what I said in my last letter that I hope you will take the greatest liberty in criticising ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33A_F17_I5_p006.jpg) it; that you will cut out, add to, transpose or do anything else that will make it effective and what it should be. Trusting that your own health is good, and that Mrs. Kane and Miss Harriet and the boys are steadily improving, and with kind regards I am, Your Friend, Major Gen. Thos. L. Kane,} Geo. Q. Cannon 1024 Clinton St. Philadelphia} ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33A_F17_I6_p001.jpg) Kane DEED Thos. L. Kane and wife To Trustees Not used [The following is written sideways above the previous text] Error Not used ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33A_F17_I6_p002.jpg) No. 5.—Fee Simple Deed,—PARCEMENT PAPER. Printed and Sold by JOHN B. SPRINGER, S. E. cor. Fifth and Walnut Streets, Philad'a This Indenture, Made the twenty sixth day of Sep= tember in the year of our Lord one thousand eight hundred and sixty six BETWEEN Thomas L. Kane of Kane McKean County and Elizabeth D. his wife of the one part and John C. Cresson and Frederick Fraley Esquires of the City of Philadelphia and the McKean and Elk Land and Improvement Company of the other part, Witnesseth, That the said parties of the part for and in consideration of the sum of Fifty dollars lawful money of the United States of America, unto them well and truly paid by the said the McKean and Elk Land and Improvement Company before named as one of the parties of the second part at and before the sealing and delivery of these presents, the receipt whereof is hereby acknowleged, have granted, bargained, sold, aliened, enfeoffed, released and confirmed, and by these presents do grant, bargain, sell, alien, enfeoff, release, and confirm unto the said John C. Cresson Frederick Fraley and Thomas L. Kane, trustees, their Heirs and Assigns, all that certain lot or piece of ground situate in the vil= lage of KANE in the township of Sergeant, County of McKean and State of Pennsylvania bounded and described as follows: Beginning at a Stone post set by Jefferson L. Brown Surveyor to mark the intersection of Cresson Street and Biddle Street and running thence along the North side of Biddle Street N. 72° 35' East 340.3 <[---] a [---]>feet to a stone; thence N. 17?55' West 450 feet to a Stone; thence along Greeves Street S 72?35' West 225 feet to a Stone; thence along Daw= son Street S. 18?65' West 418.3 feet<[---] a [---]>to a post marking the North line of Cresson Street; thence along said Cres= son Street in a South Easterly direction parallel with the course of the Philadelphia and Erie Rail RoadRoad 239 feet <[---] a [---]>to the place of beginning. Containing 3 acres 3 roods 6 ½ perches, be the same more or less. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33A_F17_I6_p003.jpg) Together with all and singular the buildings, improvements Ways, Waters, Water-Courses, Rights, Liberties, Privileges, Hereditaments, and Appurtenances whatsoever thereunto belonging or in anywise appertaining, and the Reversions and Remainders, Rents, Issues, and Profits thereof, and all the Estate, Right, Title, Interest, Property, Claim, and Demand whatsoever, of them the said Thomas L. Kane and Elizabeth D. his wife in law, equity, or otherwise however, of in, and to the same and every part thereof, To have and to hold the said Hereditaments and Premises hereby granted, or mentioned or intended so to be withthe Appurtenances, ,unto the said John C. Cresson, Frederick Fraley and Thomas L. Kane, their Heirs and Assigns, to and for the only proper use and behoof of the said John C Cresson, Frederick Fraley and Thomas L. Kane their Heirs and Assigns for ever. And the said Thomas L. Kane and his Heirs, Executors and Administrators, doth by these presents, covenant, grant and agree to and with the said John C. Cresson, Frederick Fraley and Thomas L. Kane, trustees their heirs and assigns and with the McKean & Elk Land & Improvement Co Heirs and Assigns, that the said and their successors, that he the said Thomas L. Kane and his Heirs, all the singular the Hereditaments and Premises herein above described and granted, or mentioned and intended so to be, with the Appur- tenances, unto the said Frederick Fraley , John C. Cressen and Thomas L. Kane their Heirs and Assigns, against him the said Thomas L. Kane and his Heirs, and against all and every other Person or Persons whomsoever lawfully claiming or to claim the same or any part thereof, from by or under thim them or any of them shall and will by these presents Warrant and for ever Defend. In witness whereof, and said parties to these presents have hereunto interchangeably set thier hands and seals. Dated the day and year first above the writeen SEALED AND DELIVERED} Thomas L. Kane IN THE PRESENCE OF US} A J Aldrict } Elizabeth D. Kane Harriet M. Woods } ON THE 29th day of September Anno Domini, one thousand eight hundred and sixty six before me, one of the Justices of the Peace for the County of Elk State of Penna personally appeared the above-named Thomas L. Kane and Elizabeth D. his wife and in due form of law acknowledged the above INDENTURE to be their act and deed, and desired the same might be recorded as such; and the said Elizabeth D. being of full age, separate and apart from her said husband by me thereon privately examined, and the full contents of the above Deed being by me first made known unto her did thereupon declare and say that she did volunta- rily and of her own free will and accord, sign, seal, and as her act and deed deliver the above written Indenture, Deed, or Conveyance, without any coercion or compulsion of her said husband. WITNESS my hand and Seal the day and year aforesaid A J Aldrich J.D. L.S. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33A_F17_I7_p001.jpg) Articles of Agreement concluded March 13. 1867 between March 13. 1867 between William T. Totten and Caspar Smith Esquires authorized to represent and act for the School Directors of Sergeant Township Mckean County and Thomas L. Kane Thomas L. Kane agrees that he will build with all reasonable despatch a School House upon the South side of the Smethport Road or Biddle Street near the Railroad upon a lot of ground which has been designated. The School Directors authorise him as by their Resolution of March 12th instant to build the same and agree him to pay him therefor the sum of Two Thousand Dollars. Provided that he will keep a full account with vouchers showing that this sum has been faithfully expended and provided also that he will convey [--] the said School Directors the lot of ground on wh[edge of page torn] School House will stand. Thus agreed to In presence of [on stamp]Mar. 13 67 Wm T. Totten L.S James Lanigan Caspar Smith L.S. Thomas L. Kane L.S ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33A_F17_I7_p002.jpg) Contract The School Directors of Sergeant Township with Thomas L. Kane March 13. 1867 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33A_F1_I2_p001.jpg) June 14 1876 Dearest Papa – Only time to enclose my Preface – [-]t I beg you will putted withdraw yours. I was perfectly aghast!! at yr. preface, [-]t in certainl combined with the utter atana of p[---] protect in the book give the “General Public” the [-] idea [The following is written sideways on left side of page] Pin Eleanora wishes [---] of some kind or other — & 2 nurses. We are all rather anxious, at the [--] [-]p are all rather “below pai[-] I was fairly bothered to death which dear Kesne’s [---] [-] you preface but feel better since the birth of mine!! [---] [The following is written sideways at top of page] PS You must [---] Paul 1 & Paul II without any affectation of “Pr[---]e [---]lation They will have an [---] sale ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33A_F1_I2_p002.jpg) that You & I — & (oh! horrors for the English Prisoners!) any of yr Daughters — well Mormons in [---]d & sympathy! — The You use it to p[---] & to us to publish my preface. Moreover, it will do the Mormons far mrore good – or re[---]ing a [The following is written sideways on both sides of page] with my new Title [-] (oh! [-] the [---] price of Title page also ₤1.1./ if the t[--]k sells — no — nothing for the title!! ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33A_F1_I2_p003.jpg) prejudice on the part of the Monogamists to any materials made by polygimists!! The price is ₤1.1. & cheap at that!! Do use it — & please pay on publication! Its such a ref relief to me to have unt[-] it. [--] [The following is written sideways on right side of page] or that is Ben[---] [-] don't prey on [---] own kind ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33A_F1_I2_p004.jpg) P.S. I remember to have read when is where - cant say - an A[-]hit[-] in one 9 the Ba[--] [---] a In[---] Re[--] 7 save yard - on M Y[--]'s [--]st Ma[--] Pamphlet [--] la[--]ly su[--]t - & [--] pa[-] in the [-]at [--]l as one of the [---] us[-] f[-] w[-]irt [---] it on [--] [---] ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33a_F2_I1_p001.jpg) A SERMON BY THE REV. DR. NEWMAN, Pastor of the Metropolitan Methodist Church ON PLURAL MARRIAGE, TO WHICH IS ADDED AN ANSWER BY ELDER ORSON PRATT, ONE OF THE TWELVE APOSTLES OF THE CHURCH OF JESUS CHRIST OF LATTER-DAY SAINTS. 1870: PRINTED AT THE DESERET NEWS OFFICE, SALT LAKE CITY, U.T. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33a_F2_I1_p002.jpg) SERMON ON PLURAL MARRIAGE, BY REV. DR. NEWMAN, PASTOR OF THE METROPOLITAN METHODIST CHURCH, WASHINGTON, D. C. [Column 1] "Have ye not read, that He which made them at the beginning, made them male and female?"— Matthew XIX, 4. The relation of the text to the subject under consideration is apparent to all. These words are a quotation from the book of Genesis, and in their origin and applica- tion relate to marriage. They are the solemn announcement of a fact which has never been called in question; which con- tains the intention of the Divine Creator, and is here referred to in condemnation of polygamy and in approval of monogamy. They are a part of our Lord's reply to certain Pharisees, who had propounded the question of divorce for his decision. At that time the Jews were divided as to the interpretation of the law of Moses, touching divorce, recorded in Deuteronomy xxiv, 1 —"When a man hath taken a wife and married her, and it come to pass that she find no favor in his eyes, because he hath found some uncleanness in her, then let him write her a bill of divorcement, and give it to her hand and send her out of his house." According to that law Moses de- manded of a man who should put away his wife a "bill of divorcement," which should be for her protection. The justification of the separation, as stated in the law, is "some uncleanness in her." Upon the meaning of the word "uncleanness" the Jews held different opinions. The school of Rabbi Hillel held the opinion that a man might dismiss his wife for the slightest offence—for no offence at all if he found another woman that pleased him more. But the school of Rabbi Sham- mai hold that the term "uncleanness" means moral delinquency, and assumed this to be the only lawful cause for separa- tion. As partisans the Pharisees came to Christ and hoped to involve Him in the pending controversy. For wise reasons He [Column 2] declined to accede to their wishes. But taking advantage of the occasion He de- livered a discourse on marriage, in which He affirmed three propositions:— First—That marriage is a divine institu- tion. Second—That marriage is monogamous, as indicated by the facts that in the begin- ning God created but one man and one woman; that in the marriage union the man and the woman became one person; that the man is to leave his father and his mother and cleave to his wife. Third—That marriage is indissoluble ex- cept for one cause. In this reply Christ coincided with nei- ther party on the question of interpretation, but did coincide with the school of Sham- mai, so far as their interpretation was founded in absolute right in maintaining the stricter view of the marriage obliga- tion. Shammai may or may not be correct in his exposition of this particular law, but the general principle that there is but one justifiable cause for conjugal separation and second marriage is pre-eminently cor- rect. But the Pharisees were not satisfied with this answer and attempted to bring Christ and Moses into collision. They said unto Him, "Why did Moses, then, com- mand to give a writing of divorcement and to put her away?" To this the Master made a reply, consisting of three parts:— First—Moses did not command, but "suf- fered you to put away your wives." Second—This he did because of the "hard- ness (wickedness) of your hearts;" that is, without which you would have disregard- ed all the rights of woman. Third—"But from the beginning it was not so," and I do here and now revoke even that indulgence and say unto you, "Whosoever shall put away his wife, ex- cept it be for fornication, and shall marry ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33a_F2_I1_p003.jpg) [Column 1] another, committeth adultery, and whoso marrieth her which is put away doth commit adultery." In considering the biblical side of the question of polygamy I shall consider two points, the law and the practice. Under the head of law I shall examine those Scripture passages which are adduced to sanction polygamy. I shall then adduce those which condemn it. Under the head of practice I shall comment upon the lives and character of those patriarchs and kings who are charged with the practice of polygamous marriage. And in this division of the subject I assume that there is a dif- ference between the law and the practice. The law is one thing and the practice an- other. The practice may favor polygamy, out the law condemns it. The difference between Christianity and the Church is quite similar to this. The latter is not now and never has been the perfect exponent of the former. The lives of many Christians— of ministers, of bishops and of popes—have been scandalous. In the personal charac- ter, in the daily life, of the best of men there are serious imperfections. Perfection belongs to heaven—is not predicable of earth. Under the divine name of Chris- tianity the greatest enormities have been committed—the wars of the Crusaders, the tortures of the inquisition and the martyr- dom of the best men. But Christianitv neither sanctioned these evils nor is she responsible for them. With this distinc- tion stated and accepted I shall now pro- ceed to prove that God's law condemns the union in marriage of more than two per- sons. I.—THE LAW. Which are the laws that seem to sanction polygamy? The advocates of polygamous marriages quote with much confidence Exodus xxi, 7-11—"And if a man sell his daughter to be a maid servant, she shall not go out as the men servants do. If she please not her master who hath betrothed her to himself, then shall he let her be re- deemed: to sell her unto a strange nation he shall have no power, seeing he hath dealt deceitfully with her. And if he hath betrothed her unto his son, he shall deal with her after the manner of daughters. If he take him another wife, her food, her raiment, and her duty of marriage he shall not diminish. And if he do not these three unto her, then shall she go free with- out money." The significant points in this passage are:—The law permitted a father who was in utter destitution to ap- prentice his daughter for a monetary con- sideration; but the apprenticeship was guarded by the following conditions:—The period of the indenture could not exceed six [Column 2] years; at the expiration of that time, or sooner, as at the year of jubilee, or at the death of her master, she should go free, and her master should betroth her in mar- riage, either for himself or his son. Such are the two general conditions of the indenture; but what are the facts touching the betrothed? It is important to remem- ber that the Jews made a distinction between betrothal and marriage, as we recognize the distinction between engage- ment and marriage. Now the law directs that if the master, having betrothed her, shall change his mind before the consum- mation of the marriage, he shall permit her to be redeemed. In this case she had not become his wife. And the law further provides that if the master shall betroth her to his son, and if, after the betrothal and before the marriage, the son shall change his mind and prefer another and take her to wife, then the betrothed shall have her marriage dower. And if he fails to do this, "then shall she go out free without money." That is without paying the price of her redemption. Thus the law is on the side of the woman for her protection, and does not, directly or indirectly, sanc- tion polygamous marriages. With equal confidence the abettors of polygamy quote Leviticus xviii, 18:—"Neither shalt thou take a wife to her sister, to vex her, to uncover her nakedness, besides the other in her lifetime." It is an accepted canon of interpretation that the scope of the law must be considered in determining the sense of any portion of the law; and it is equally binding upon us to ascertain the mind of the legislator from the preface of the law, when such preface is given. The first five verses of this chapter are prefatory, and in the third verse it is stated, "After the doings of the land of Egypt, wherein ye dwell, ye shall not do; and after the doings of the land of Canaan, whither I bring you, shall ye not do; neither shall ye walk in their ordinances." What were their ordi- nances? Both the Egyptians and the Ca- naanites practised incest, adultery, sodomy, idolatry, and polygamy. From verse six to verse seventeen, inclusive, the law of con- sanguinity is laid down and the blood rela- tionships are defined, within the limits of which persons were forbidden to marry. But in verse eighteen the law against poly- gamy is given—"Neither shalt thou take a wife to her sister;" or as the marginal reading is, "Thou shalt not take one wife to another." And this rendering is sus- tained by Cookson, Bishop Jewel, Dr. Ed- wards and Dr. Dwight. According to Dr. Edwards, the words, which we translate, "a wife to her sister," are found in the Hebrew but eight times. In each passage they refer to inanimate objects, such as the ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33a_F2_I1_p004.jpg) [Column 1] wings of the cherubim, tenons, mortices, etc., and signify coupling together one to another. They denote the exact likeness of one thing to another, and here forbid, as the margin expresses it, the taking of one wife to another in her lifetime. And the reason assigned for this prohibition of a plurality of wives is natural, logical and merciful—because it would "vex her" —prove the cause of innumerable jeal- ousies and contentions. The history of polygamous marriages is the history of family broils and domestic calamities. From Lamech to Jacob, from Jacob to David, from David to Solomon, and in subsequent times, the violation of this divine law has been attended by such evils. If this is not the correct interpreta- tion, then we are reduced to the necessity of admitting that sisters thus married are more likely to quarrel with each other than other women, which is as absurd as it is ignorant. Here, then, we have the simple positive command given by the Almighty, "Thou shalt not take one wife to another." With perhaps even greater assurance of success Deuteronomy xxi, 15, 17, has been quoted :—"If a man have two wives, one beloved and the other hated, and they have borne him children, both the beloved and the hated, and if the first-born son be hers that was hated, then it shall be, when he maketh his sons to inherit that which he hath, that he may not make the son of the beloved first-born before the son of the hated, which is indeed the first-born. But he shall acknowledge the son of the hated for the first-born by giving him a double portion of all that he hath, for he is the be- ginning of his strength, the right of the first-born is his." The design of this law is to secure the first-born son the right of primogeiture. Two interpretations may be given to the words "if a man have two wives" He had them simultaneously or in succession. The former interpretation is probable from custom, but the latter more probably from the tenor of the Mosaic law. Suppose polygamy was unknown at that time, the interpretation of succession would be ac- cepted at once. Hence it is not illogical, it may be the true one. But conceding that polygamy did exist, but contrary to the tenor of the Mosaic law, then the interpre- tation of succession would still be the true one. Are we not bound to interpret one portion of a law by the tenor of the whole law? Now, the question is, what is the object of this law? To secure to the first- born son the rights granted him by the law or primogeniture. Very well. Is not this law applicable to monogamy, or a suc- cession of wives, which is the same thing? All must concede that a plurality of wives [Column 2] is not essential to the fulfilment of the law. A man having had one wife and she being dead, and he having another wife, and she living, may he not love the latter more than the former, and naturally enough, and especially at her suggestion and per- haps at her demand, wish to advance her son to the rights and possessions of the first-born? Is it not common in our own day for a father to show partiality for the children of a second wife, and especially when the second wife demands it as only a woman can demand it? Then there is nothing illogical in the supposition that the "two wives" here mentioned were had in succession. And this supposition is strengthened by the fact that in the days of Moses divorces were frequent, and this law was applicable to successive polygamy— that is, when a man dismissed one wife and took another, by both of whom he was the father of children, and loved one more than the other. In either case, whether the succession was by death or divorce, the law is logically applicable to monogamous marriages. The passage, therefore, proves nothing for polygamy, but like those pre- viously examined, when correctly inter- preted, condemn as the stupendous evil, which is a sin against God and a crime against humanity. Next to this passage, Deuteronomy xxv, 5-10, is adduced as a proof text:—"If breth- ren dwell together, and one of them die and have no child. the wife of the dead shall not marry without unto a stranger; her husband's brother shall go in unto her and take her to him to wife, and perform the duty of a husband's brother unto her. And it shall be that the first-born which she beareth shall succeed in the name of his brother which is dead, that his name be not put out in Israel. And if the man like not to take his brother's wife, then let his brother's wife go up to the gate, unto the elders, and say, My husband's brother refuseth to raise up unto his brother a name in Israel, he will not perform the duty of my husband's brother. Then the elders of his city shall call him and speak unto him, and if he stand to it and say, I like not to take her, then shall his brother's wife come unto him, in the presence of the elders, and loose his shoe from off his foot, and spit in his face, and shall answer and say, So shall it be done unto that man that will not build up his brother's house, and his name shall be called in Israel, The house of him that hath his shoe loosed." The object of this law was the preservation of families and family inheritance. But this law does not sanction or even connive at po- lygamy, as will appear from the following reasons: the "brethren dwell together;" that is, they have not yet married, and be- ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33a_F2_I1_p005.jpg) [Column 1] come heads of families. This fact excludes all married men from the obligations of the law, and all the facts in the Bible touching this point justify this interpretation. Take the case of Tamar, recorded in Genesis xxxviii. The sons of Judah were not mar- ried, which is clear from their respective ages. Take the case of Ruth and her near kinsman. He at first consents to redeem the inheritance of Mahlon; but when Boaz said to him, "Thou must also buy it of Ruth, the Moabitess, the wife of the dead, to raise up the name of the dead upon his inheritance," he declined, "Lest I mar my own inheritance." The meaning of which is, two families and two inheritances to care for are too much for one man. And now, if you will turn to Josephus' Anti- quities, book v, chap. 9, sec. 4, you will there read, as the reason for his declining, that he had a wife already, and children also. On such questions Josephus is good authority. And then turn to Luke xx, 28, and the question which the Sadducees asked, "Whose wife shall she be?" is intensely personal, but loses all its signficance if the subsequent brothers had had other wives. And you will observe that the right of refusal was recognized in the law; and in the case of married men being compelled to decline, they simply drew off the shoe, while the unmarried man who refused not only drew off the shoe, but submitted while the woman whom he had rejected spat in his face. And the argument is strengthened by the fact that we have no knowledge, either in sacred or profane his- tory, that Boaz had been married prior to his marriage to the beautiful Ruth. This is one of the clearest cases in the Bible for monogamy. But the text most confidently relied on to sustain the legal sanctions of polygamy is II Samuel, xii, 8—"And I gave thee thy master's house, and thy master's wives into thy bosom, and gave thee the house of Israel and of Judah; and if that had been too little I would moreover have given unto thee such and such things." The meaning of which is, God had trans- ferred the kingdom from Saul to David. And in proof, it is stated that even Saul's household had fallen into his hands. The term "wives'' may be understood women; for we nowhere read that Saul had more than one wife, whose name was Ahinoam. Rizpah was a second wife, or at most his concubine. The women of his court are therefore meant. To give these into David's bosom simply implies protection. "Abraham's bosom," to which Lazarus was carried, was a place of protection; figuratively expressed. It does not mean that they became his wives. Bishop Pat- rick, in his commentaries, has justly said [Column 2] that "Among the Jews no subject might have so much as the horse of a king, no more than his sceptre and his crown; much less his widow, or one divorced, who was to remain a widow to the day of her death. The wife of a king is to be married to none else, for even the king cannot legally marry the widow of his predecessor, or one divorc- ed by him." And such is the law to-day in the dominions of the Sultan of Turkey. It is an old saying that "that which proves too much proves nothing." If the giving of Saul's wives to David is God's approval of polygamy, what shall we say of God giving David's wives to Absalom? Can we say that God thereby approved of the rebellion and incest com- mitted by David's most unnatural son? These are specimens of the Scripture pas- sages adduced in support of polygamy, and those not yet considered are all as sus- ceptible of as easy and logical explanation as those already examined, and we there- fore conclude that there is not one text in the Bible which even remotely supports polygamous marriages. And if this be true, which are the Scripture passages which condemn polygamy? Upon no sub- ject are the inspired writers more explicit than on this. And it is to be regretted that some commentators who have not given special attention to this subject have not only conceded too much, which on more thorough investigation would have been denied, but have treated the subject with a superficiality unworthy men of learning and the solemn interests involved in the question. For many years many able ministers conceded that the Bible sanctioned and authorized slavery; but there were a few to whom God had given a better understanding, and on whose mind a purer light had shone, who bravely de- fended the scriptures. And it is not too much to say that, in view of the great revo- lution of political and moral ideas through which we have just passed, that within the next ten years men will wonder at the attempt of any man to interpret the Bible in the interests of slavery. This is analogous to the case before us. The events of the hour will force Biblical scholars to make the study of the Scrip- tures touching polygamy a specialty; and that which has hiterto been conceded will hereafter be denied. Cookson, and Paley, and Edwards, and Dwight and other emi- nent scholars, who have consistently ex- pounded the Scriptures as condemning polygamy, will be sustained by the pro- found scholars of the Church in all lands. Biblical interpretation is progressive. It is a remarkable fact that the monogamous character of the first marriage on record is affirmed by Moses, the lawgiver; by Mala- ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33a_F2_I1_p006.jpg) [Column 1] chi, the last of the prophets; by Christ, the founder of a new dispensation of religious truth worship, and by St. Paul, the great apostle to the Gentiles. That marriage is recorded in Genesis ii, 24—"Therefore shall a man leave his father and his mother, and shall cleave unto his wife; and they shall be one flesh." That is, in entering the married state, a man shall subordinate all other natural connections, even parental endearments, which are held to be strong- est, and "shall cleave unto his wife." And in this union the "two shall be one flesh." Language cannot be more simple and ex- plicit. He must centre all his love on her. And, that he might obey this command, God gave Adam but one woman. He could have created more. One was sufficient. The creation was perfect. He pronounced the same to be "good." Adam was a per- fect humanity prior to Eve's creation. That perfection is reproduced in marriage. In the opposite physical, mental and moral characteristics, man and woman become in marriage a perfect humanity- "one flesh." And to prove the obligation of this dual union of one man and one woman in wed- lock these words are quoted by Malachi, ii, 14, 15:—"Yet ye say, Wherefore? Be- cause the Lord hath been witness between thee and the wife of thy youth, against whom thou hast dealt treacherously; yet is she thy companion, and the wife of thy covenant. And did not he make one? Yet had he the residue of the spirit. And wherefore one? That he might seek a godly seed. Therefore, take heed to your spirit, and let none deal treacherously against the wife of his youth." Herein the Lord com- plains against the Jews for their treatment of their first wife- the wife of their youth and of their covenant. At that time they practised successive polygamy, di- vorcing one wife- marrying another. The holy prophet condemns this vile prac- tice as deceitful and treacherous. The con- demnation is based upon the fact that the practice is in opposition to the intention of the Creator, as expressed in the original institution of marriage, in the creation of one man and one woman. The condem- nation is enforced by the prophet's state- ment, that God having the residue of the Spirit, He could have made many wives for Adam, but would not. And the pro- phet asks, "Wherefore one?" and answers his own question, that God designed by monogamy to secure for man a holy pos- terity; in other words, to prevent that domestic confusion, those bitter heart- burnings, the neglect of childhood, the predominance of the grosser passions, which inevitably flow from polygamy. And in sanction of Moses and Malachi our Lord quotes these very words in Mat- [Column 2] thew xvii, 5:—"For this cause shall a man leave father and mother and shall cleave to his wife, and they twain shall be one flesh. Wherefore, they are no more twain, but one flesh. What, therefore, God hath join- ed together let no man put asunder." In these words Christ condemns both successive and simultaneous polygamy; and it is remarkable that the sin herein condemned by our Lord does not consist in putting away a former wife. Man and wife may separate and yet be innocent of the "great transgression." But the sin consists in and "shall marry another." "Marry another!" He has no right to take another; no right to have but one wife. And, following in the footsteps of his Master, St. Paul repeats these words in Ephesians v, 28-31:—"So ought men to love their wives as their own bodies. He that loveth his wife loveth himself. For this cause shall a man leave his father and mother, and shall be joined unto his wife, and they twain shall be one flesh." Herein does the Apostle reassert what had been said of old. And now, as touch- ing these remarkable words, what is the sum? They were recorded by Moses in the opening chapter of the Bible. They are re- peated and explained by Malachi in the last book of the Old Testament. They are repeated and enforced by Christ in the first book of the New Testament. They are re- asserted to enforce the same doctrine of duality in marriage by St. Paul, the great- est of all the apostles. Thus this great truth comes thundering along the ages as the voice of God to man. And, as a further enforcement of this grand truth, history repeats itself. As God designed in the beginning to people the whole earth by the offspring that should come from Adam and Eve, one man and one woman, so after the flood had swept the inhabitants from the face of the earth God prepared to repeople the world by the eight persons saved in the ark- four men and four women—Noah and his three sons and their wives. God starts the race anew under almost like circum- stances and gives to Noah the same com- mand and the same blessing as he did to Adam—"Be fruitful and multiply and re- plenish the earth." (Genesis ix, 1.) These historic facts are in proof that polygamy is not essential to rapid increase. God knows better than man. In Deuteronomy xvii, 17, polygamy is positively forbidden by Moses—"Neither shall the King multiply wives to himself, that his heart turn not away." Moses anticipates that the Jews will de- sire a king, and commands what he shall not do, and among the other inhibitions is the one "He shall not multiply wives unto ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33a_F2_I1_p007.jpg) [Column 1] himself." And that he may remember this command Moses orders that the king shall have a copy of the law, and shall read the same all the days of his life. And a similar law is given to the high priest in Leviticus xxi, 13:—"And he shall take a wife in her virginity." And this law is carried out by St. Paul in his directions to Timothy—1 Timo- thy iii, 2—"A bishop then must be blame- less, the husband of one wife." This is regarded as a very weak proof text; but I regard it as one of the strongest in the Bible. The abettors of polygamy assume that a bishop must have one wife, and as many more as he pleases. But the distinc- tion is not between an unmarried man and a married man, but between a man with one wife and a man with many wives. For if the distinction is between an unmarried man and a married man—that is, if a bishop must have one wife, nolens volens—then no unmarried man can be an elder in the Church of God. If a minister loses his wife he must, therefore, cease to be a min- ister till he gets another. But what shall we do with John the Baptist, with St. Paul himself, with Bishop Asbury and with John Wesley, who re- mained unmarried many years, and it had been better for him and the Church had he never married? But, it is said, this pas- sage applies exclusively to a bishop or to the ministry, and not to the laity. this may be true. But Paul gives us a passage for the laity exclusively—1 Corinthians vii, 2, 4—"Let every man have his own wife, and let every woman have her own hus- band." And to make this even more defi- nite and conclusive, he defines the mutual and exclusive control given to each other. "The wife hath not power of her own body, but her husband, and likewise the husband hath not power of his own body, but the wife." Well has Blackstone, that great and learned lawyer, said: 'Polygamy is condemned by the law of the New Testa- ment." —Vol. 1, p. 436, 7th edition of Com., 8vo. And the census of the world, so far as taken, as to the proportion of males and females condemns polygamy and vindi- cates the Divine law. The injunction is, "Let every man have his own wife, and let every woman have her own husband." Now, take the census of the world, and what are the facts? According to the census of this country for 1850 we have the following:—White population, 11,838,000 males and 11,354,000 females— there being an excess of 484,000 males; slave population, 1,603,000 males and 1,602,- 000 females–an excess of 1,000 males. Take the census of 1860:–White population, 16,085,190 males and 15,358,105 females—an excess of over 700,000 males; colored popu- [Column 2] lation, 1,982,000 males and 1,971,000 females -an excess of 11,000 males; Indian popula- tion, 19,500 males and 17,200 females–an excess of 1,700 males. In Great Britain there is an excess of 700,000 females. But add the proportions of males and fe- males of the United States and Great Bri- tain, representing the two great branches of the Anglo-Saxon race, and the proportion of the sexes is about equal In France there are 19,064,000 males and 19,052,000 females. In Austria there are 17,020,000 males and 17,734,000 females. In Spain there are 7,766,000 males and 7,908,000 females. In Italy there are 12,727,000 males and 12,678,000 females. In Prussia there are 11,871,000 males and 12,100,000 females. Here is an excess of 1,074,000 females in these five great European nations, with a total population of about 138,000,000. But now add the number of soldiers in those countries, which are not included in the civil lists, and the population is about equalized. And judging from the relative proportion of the sexes in the Indian and the Negro population of this country, we may conclude that the same law of equali- zation holds good in its application to the nations of Asia and Africa. And thus nature provides for the right of each man to one wife. But polygamy violates this right; for if one man takes twelve wives, then eleven men are cheated out of their natural rights. II.-THE PRACTICE. Having thus sustained the fact that God, both in revelation and in nature, condemns polygamy as an offence against heaven and a crime against society, I shall now consider the practice of polygamy as re- corded in the Bible. And in doing so I shall first consider those Bible characters charged with the offence, and then consider those great and illustrious men of Bible times whose holy example is a living, per- petual condemnation of the vile practice. The first instance of polygamy recorded in the Bible is in connection with Lamech. And who was Lamech? A descendant of Cain, and himself a murderer. And the murder was committed in defence of poly- gamy. Genesis, iv., 23—"And Lamech took unto him two wives. * * * And Lamech said unto his wives, Adah and Zillah, hear my voice, ye wives of Lamech, hearken unto my speech, for I have slain a man to my wounding and a young man to my hurt." He was the first who dared to reverse the order of God and behold the re- sult of his transgressions. This is cer- tainly not an auspicious beginning. And ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33a_F2_I1_p008.jpg) as we proceed it will appear that direful calamities attended the practice in all sub- sequent ages. This is the only instance of polygamy recorded in the Scriptures dur- ing the first 2,000 years after the institution of marriage; and we judge from the record that both Lamech and those around him con- sidered it a crime. But the advocotes of po- lygamy adduce the case of Abraham as fur- nishing an unanswerable argument. Yet I do not hesitate to say that Abraham was in no sense a polygamist. What are the facts? God had appeared unto Abraham, and promised him a numerous posterity. Six years had passed and the promise had not been fulfilled. Then Sarah fancied that she must help the Lord to keep His promise; and she induced her husband to accept her handmaid, Hagar, an Egyptian girl. But after the evil had been wrought Sarah real- ized her sin, but threw the blame upon Abraham, saying, "My wrong be upon thee!" *** "The Lord judge between me and thee." (Genesis xvi., 5) I have done wrong in this, and now repent. And as a confirmation of this view the Lord did not recognize Ishmael as Abraham's son. The angel who met Hagar in the wilderness called him "the lad." And years after, when God commanded Abraham to offer Isaac on Mount Moriah, he said unto him, "Take now thy son, thine only son Isaac, whom thou lovest, and get thee into the land of Moriah." (Genesis xxii., 2.) And when the domestic troubles were no longer endurable, and Sarah demanded that Hagar should be sent away, then for the first time the Lord spake to Abraham on this matter, and commanded him to put Hagar away, and said unto him, "Walk before me and be thou perfect." (Genesis xvii., 1.) This was Abraham's only offence of the kind, and of which he and Sarah repented. After the death of Sarah Abraham lived thirty- five years and married Keturah, by whom he had six sons, all born in the honor and happiness of a monogamous marriage. Therefore, I conclude that Abraham was not a polygamist. But now we come to Jacob. And what are the facts in his case? His marriage to Leah and Rachel is a fact. But what are the points of vindi- cation? First, he was reared amid the sanc- tities of monogamy- his father, Isaac, had but one wife; second, in going to the home of his uncle, Laban, he found himself in a country where polygamy was practiced. and there, when away from restraints of home, like many young men of our own day, he yielded to the power of prevailing custom; third, he was deceived into the practice of polygamy; fourth, he is no- where in the Bible claimed to be a religious man till after his conversion at the brook Jabbock, after which he cleansed his house [Column 2] of idols and thenceforward lived a saintly life. Up to this time he was anything but a saint; and if his practice of polygamy is an approval of the practice, so also is his previous conduct the approval of lying to his old blind father and of robbing his brother Esau of his birthright. The latter follows the former as a logical sequence. Fifth, the domestic troubles which he and his family suffered significantly indicate God's disapproval of such marriages; sixth, Judah, Leah's son, was the chosen progen- itor of the Messiah, and in the family vault of Macphelah Leah and not Rachel was buried with Jacob. And now we come to the cases of David and Solomon, which are so analagous as to permit me to consider them together. Both of them were celebrated Jewish kings, and they are reckoned among the sacred writers. It is a significant fact that when God called them to their high official positions they were not then guilty of the sin of polygamy. And the same is true of all other eminent Bible characters. Their offence was an after act of their lives, when in their pride and human greatness they forgot God and turned aside from His law. In process of time Solomon became a monster of licen- tiousness, abhorred of men and condemned by God. To his many wives the prophets ascribe his downfall, as recorded in First Kings, xi, 1-13, and in Nehemiah, xiii., 26. But what shall we say of his writings? Simply this- That what is ascribed to him he wrote, and what he wrote is truth. The gift of supernatural wisdom was given him in the purity of his youth, and was not withdrawn. And it is no insignificant fact that his writings condemn his practices;— "Let thy fountain be blessed, and rejoice with the wife of thy youth." (Proverbs, v., 18.) "Live joyfully, with the wife whom thou lovest all the days of the life of thy vanity." (Ecclesiastes, ix., 9.) None of the sacred writers have given a more perfect portraiture of the true wife; none have given such terrible warnings to the young against the wiles of the "strange woman." His writings, being in accord with the tenor of the divine law, and in harmony with the ways of God and man, are the best proof that what he wrote was right, but what he did was wrong. Intel- lectually Solomon was a great success: morally he was a stupendous failure. As to his father, David, but little more can be said. He was a great soldier, a wise king, a noble poet. But as a man he was a mixed character. In no historical charac- ters do such virtues and such vices co-exist. He is a saint and a sinner, an angel and a devil. As a monarch, and always true to the Jewish theocracy, he was "a man after God's own heart;" but in his character as B ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33a_F2_I1_p009.jpg) a man he was both good and bad. When called to the monarchy he was worthy the Divine favor, but during his long reign he sadly departed from the ways of the Lord, and God punished him for his offences. Whatever good is displayed in his charac- ter we are to approve and imitate; what- ever bad we are to despise and shun. As the progenitor of the Messiah he was sim- ply a physical instrument, and God no- where claims moral perfection for those in that illustrious line. As a writer of Psalms he was but an intellectual agent, expressing the sentiments of a divine religion; and, at times, pouring out his own thoughts and feelings. Albert Barnes has justly said, "There is and must be a palpable difference between being inspired and being person- ally perfect. Inspiration, in its true nature, secures a truthful record; it does not neces- sarily secure absolute sanctification; in- deed, inspiration has no necessary connec- tion with sanctification, as it is conceivable, certainly, in accordance with the common belief that Balaam uttered true prophesies respecting the Messiah, yet no one, from that fact, feels bound to maintain that he was otherwise than a bad man." (Barnes on the Psalms, volume 1, introduction, page 35.) Christ is the only perfect charac- ter whose biography is recorded in the Bible. Abraham, Isaac, Jacob, David, Hezekiah, Moses, Aaron, James, Peter and John were good, but imperfect men. And if the polygamy practised by David and Solomon is therefore right, so also is adultery, murder and idolatry of which they were guilty. But if Jacob and David and Solomon were polygamists in violation of God's law, what shall we say of those other great and good Bible characters who were free from the great transgression? Let us call the roll of honor- Adam, Enoch, Noah, Abra-ham, Isaac, Joseph, Moses, Aaron, all the great prophets and all the holy Apostles. They lived in a polygamous age, yet they condemned the vile customs of their age by their spotless and godly example. Surely these should outweigh the others. And on this roll of honor are to be placed the eminent scholars and great religious teachers of the Christian church. The united voice of the Church in all ages has condemned the practice. If there is a dis- agreement among eminent commentators on the Scriptures whether Moses attempted to regulate the evil by certain political regulations, all agree that nowhere in the Scriptures, whether in the Old Testament or in the New Testament, is polygamy sanctioned, but rather it is condemned by the spirit and tenor of the sacred writings. [Column 2] On these two points Patrick and Scott and Clark agree with Paley and Edwards and Cookson and Dwight and Lange and others. An attempt has been made to prove that in the case of Philip, the Landgrave of Hesse, Luther and Melancthon fa- vored polygamy. But the attempt is a slander on those great reformers. On one occasion the Landgrave said to Luther, "From what I hear of you, Doctor, you teach that a woman may leave her husband and take another when the former is be- come too old." "No, my lord," replied Luther, seriously, "I entreat your high- ness not to talk thus." (D'Aubigne, vol. 2, page 276.) And in Kurtz's Church His- tory, vol. 2, pages 87 and 88, this whole subject is discussed at length, and with the same result. A man who loved his wife, as Luther loved his beautiful Catherine Von Bora, was incapable of loving another wife at the same time, or of allowing to others a plurality of wives. And thus nature and revelation, the dic- tates of reason and the voice of the Church, unite in condemning a practice which is ruinous to domestic purity and happiness, corrupting of the public morals and sub- versive of the Church of God. Both the spirit and the letter of the divine law con- demn polygamy as a sin, and the social and national evils which have resulted there- from, wherever the evil has prevailed, un- erringly point us as a nation to the path of duty to be pursued. The hope of the nation and the prosperity of the Church depend largely upon the purity of the family. The mutual love and happiness of husband and wife, the education and proper training of the children of the household, can be best secured by the sanctity of monogamous marriage. With us, as elsewhere, society is the aggregation of families and as are the families so will be society. The voice of warning comes to us from the tents of Arabia, from the palaces of Chal- dea, from the pyramids of Egypt; it comes from beyond the flood in every sentence of Lamech's speech to his horror-stricken wives; it comes from the pasture fields of Padan Aram, out of the bitter heart-burn- ings of Leah and Rachel; it comes from the throne of Judea, stained with the blood of Uriah and polluted with the ruined vir- tue of Bathsheba; it comes from the idol altars of Moloch, on which were consumed the bodies of Israel's children in the valley of Hinnon; it comes from the entombed nations of the mighty past. Thus warned and thus instructed, our duty to God, to the family, to the nation, to humanity, to the church as Christians, philanthropists and patriots, is plain and imperative. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33a_F2_I1_p010.jpg) THE REPLY TO OBJECTIONS AGAINST PLURAL MARRIAGE. BY ELDER ORSON PRATT. SALT LAKE CITY, UTAH, May 4th, 1870. HON. W. H. HOOPER, Dear Sir:—As a bill is now before Con- gress, in which it is proposed to abolish the divine institution of polygamy as taught in the Bible; and as some writers and cele- brated divines are using all their powers of eloquence to urge on this unconstitutional measure, I, therefore, as a humble believer in God's word, wish to call your attention to some of the scriptural evidences in favor of plural marriage; and to briefly reply to the most important objections urged against it. In the New York Herald of the 25th ult., I find an elaborate discourse by Rev. Dr. Newman on the subject of polygamy, deliv- ered in Washington, D. C., on the 24th of April, "at the Metropolitan Methodist Church, of which President Grant is a trus- tee and member, the congregation was large and highly fashionable. Among those present, were the President and Mrs. Grant, Vice President Colfax, Chief Justice Chase, Speaker Blaine, and numerous other high officials." The Rev. gentleman chose for his text the following words: "Have ye not read, that He which made them at the beginning, made them male and female?" Matthew xix: 4. The learned Dr. informs his illustrious congregation that his text "contains the in- tention of the Divine Creator, and is here referred to in condemnation of polygamy and an approval of monogamy." He fur- ther states that Jesus "delivered a discourse on marriage in which He affirmed three propositions:— [Column 2] First—That marriage is a divine institu- tion. Second—That marriage is monogamous, as indicated by the facts that in the begin- ning God created but one man and one woman; that in the marriage union the man and the woman became one person; that the man is to leave his father and his mother and cleave to his wife. Third—That marriage is indissoluble, ex- cept for one cause." That Jesus "affirmed" the first and third of the above propositions is most certainly true: but that He "affirmed" or even "in- dicated" "that marriage is monogamous" only, is not susceptible of proof either di- rectly or indirectly from the Divine Record. That God "at the beginning, made them male and female," and that He "created but one man and one woman." is no evi- dence either for or against polygamy exist- ing among the descendants of the first pair. But it is argued by the opponents of poly- gamy that the Creator could easily have formed several wives for Adam, but, inas- much as He only made one, He showed a preference for monogamy. As well might they argue, that as the great Creator did not make any provisions to prevent the first generation of the children of Adam from marrying their own brothers and sisters, therefore, all future generations must be limited in marriage to their own brothers and sisters. Could not the Creator have prevented intermarriages among blood relations by forming several pairs at once, and commanding the children to re- frain from all incestuous marriages? Is the Rev. Dr. Newman prepared to defend the conclusions of his own logic? Must all generations from Adam to Moses be limited in marriage to blood relations of the near- ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33a_F2_I1_p011.jpg) [Column 1] est degree, namely, brothers and sisters, because it was so in the second generation and no provisions made to avoid it? The great principle which our Lord wished to enforce upon the corrupt Jews, whom he was addressing, was the sanctity of marriage- that the creation of male and female clearly indicated His design for the multiplication of the human species, that Moses, because of the wickedness of the people, permitted divorces. That He, the Savior, abrogated the unjust law of divorce and condemned, as adultery, the wicked practice which then existed to an alarming extent, of putting away one wife without sufficient cause, in order to gratify their beastly lusts in marrying another. Such wicked, heartless marriages, preceded by the monstrous cruelty of divorce, were only to be recognized in the catalogue of crimes. It could not be said of such mar- riages, "What God hath joined together let no man put asunder." They were no part of the divine institution, and therefore were adulterous, and the children bastards. While on the other hand the polygamist, who honorably kept his wives, and main- tained them, and did not put them away, though he added other wives to his peaceful family circle, was approbated of God. and free from the sin of adultery, and his chil- dren were not bastards, but legitimate and blessed of God, as is abundantly proved in the Divine oracles. After having made several unproved as- sumptions, in the form of denunciation against polygamy, the Rev. Dr. says: "I shall now proceed to prove that God's law condemns the union in marriage of more than two persons. I.—THE LAW. Which are the laws that seem to sanction polygamy? The advocates of polygamous marriages quote with much confidence Exodus xxi. 7-11—' And if a man sell his daughter to be a maid servant, she shall not go out as the men servants do. If she please not her master who hath betrothed her to himself, then shall he let her be re- deemed: to sell her unto a strange nation he shall have no power, seeing he hath dealt deceitfully with her. And it he hath betrothed her unto his son, he shall deal with her after the manner of daughters. If he take him another wife, her food, her raiment, and her duty of marriage he shall not diminish. And if he do not these three unto her, then shall she go free with- out money.' " Having quoted the passage this Rev. divine supposes the purchased lady to stand in the relation of one betrothed and not yet married, and that the man is still an unmarried person. How far this sup- [Column 2] position is founded in truth will appear from the passage itself. "If he take him ANOTHER WIFE, her food, her raiment, and her DUTY OF MAR- RIAGE, he shall not diminish." It is evident that the words "another wife" do acknowledge the first lady not only as betrothed, but as actually a lawful wife, and her "duty of marriage" her hus- band had no right to diminish. If then God recognizes her as a married wife, and in His own language so calls her, and if He also recognizes the second lady as "another wife," and bestows on her that title Him- self, then God gave laws which not only sanction the taking of another wife, while the first is yet living, but which also pre- scribe three duties which the husband must fulfil to the first wife. In this passage neither the husband nor his wives were condemned as criminals and subjected to fines and penalties; but both ladies had the honored title of wives bestowed upon them by the great Divine Lawgiver Him- self. This portion of God's word, therefore, instead of condemning polygamy, honors it equally with monogamy. The next passage referred to by this cel- ebrated divine against polygamy will be found in Leviticus xviii, 18—"Neither shalt thou take a wife to her sister, to vex her, to uncover her nakedness, besides the other in her life time." As this passage, in its present rendering, does not, either di- rectly or indirectly, condemn polygamy, the learned Dr. is obliged to seek in the margin for the opinions of some learned commentators who, like himself, are op- posed to polygamy. He finds that Dr. Edwards translates the words "a wife to her sister," "one wife to another." By this alteration he makes the passage read, "Thou shalt not take one wife to another." Any impartial Hebrew scholar who has no peculiar dogma to sustain, will decide at once that the passage as it now stands in Leviticus is the true rendering of the He- brew, and that the suggested alterations in the margin are not only far fetched, but are not true, and are not in keeping with the context, announcing the law of consan- guinity. Polygamy, by this passage, is directly approbated; for instead of denouncing it as a crime, and commanding them to refrain from it, the Lord merely prohibited the husband from marrying his wife's sister during her life-time, but placed no restraint upon him in regard to plural marriages with other women, not prohibited in the law of consanguinity, revealed in the pre- ceding part of the chapter. The next law referred to by Mr. New- man is in Deuteronomy xxi, 15, 17, "If a man have two wives, one beloved and ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33a_F2_I1_p012.jpg) [Column 1] the other hated, and they have borne him children, both the beloved and the hated, and if the first-born son be hers that was hated, then it shall be, when he maketh his sons to inherit that which he hath, that he may not make the son of the beloved first-born before the son of the hated, which is indeed the first-born. But he shall acknowledge the son of the hated for the first-born by giving him a double portion of all that he hath, for he is the be- ginning of his strength, the right of the first-born is his." The Rev. Dr. supposes that the two wives, referred to in this pas- sage, might have been successive wives, the hated one having been divorced or dead: and if such were the case the man could not be a polygamist. But as plural- ity of wives had been practiced by them from the days of Abraham, between four and five hundred years, it is very evident that the law was given to regulate the nu- merous families of polygamists then exist- ing in Israel: indeed, the language itself conveys the idea of the simultaneous ex- istence of the two wives: there is no refer- ence to past time; it does not say if a man has had two wives, that is, has had them in succession, but it says, "If a man h ve two wives," clearly referring to their cotempo- rary existence with the husband. This, then, is another additional evidence that God gave laws regulating the descent of property in polygamous families. God be- stows the honored title of wives upon both women, and acknowledges their children as legitimate; and though the hated wife happened to be the second, and the first- born happened to be her son, yet he was the legal heir to the double portion of all the property. God nowhere thus honors adulterous connections, but expressly places the brand of infamy upon bastards, declaring that "they should not come into the congregation of the Lord unto the tenth generation." (Deuteronomy xxiii 2.) The next passage adduced by the Rev- erend gentleman is found in Deuteron- omy xxv, 5—10:— "If brethren dwell together, and one of them die and have no child, the wife of the dead shall not marry without unto a stranger; her hus- band's brother shall go in unto her and take her to him to wife, and perform the duty of a husband's brother unto her. And it shall be that the first-born which she beareth shall succeed in the name of his brother which is dead, that his name be not put out in Israel. And if the man like not to take his brother's wife, then let his brother's wife go up to the gate, unto the elders, and say, My husband's brother refuseth to raise up unto his brother a name in Israel, he will not perform the duty of my husband's brother. Then the [Column 2] elders of his city shall call him and speak unto him, and if he stand to it and say, I like not to take her, then shall his brother's wife come unto him, in the presence of the elders, and loose his shoe from off his foot, and spit in his face, and shall answer and say, So shall it be done unto that man that will not build up his brother's house, and his name shall be called in Israel, THE HOUSE OF HIM THAT HATH HIS SHOE LOOSED." Mr. Newman advances the fol- lowing suppositions in regard to this law: "The object of this law was the preservation of families and family inheritance. But this law," continues he, "DOES NOT SANC- TION, OR EVEN CONNIVE AT POLYGAMY, as will appear from the following reasons: The 'brethren dwell together;' that is, they have not yet married, and become heads of families. This fact excludes all married men from the obligations of the law." From the simple fact that the "brethren dwell together" Mr. Newman has drawn the sweeping conclusion that they were all unmarried men, and that the law was not obligatory upon any others. It is a fact which no one will call in question, that one of the peculiarities of Israel was to "dwell together;" indeed, it was a command of their Divine Lawgiver, that each tribe should receive their separate inheritances and dwell together, instead of alienating their inheritances, and mixing up. and losing all distinctions of tribes. These tribes were again subdivided into smaller divisions called families, each consisting of hundreds and of thousands, and in some instances, of tens of thousands. (See Num- bers xxvi, also I. Chronicles, Ezra, Nehe- miah, and many other books.) It was necessary that these families, as a general custom. should dwell together, that their genealogies might not be lost. Again, these large family sub-divisions were still fur- ther divided into numerous branches dwelling together in the same region: and each branch was again divided into house- holds, consisting of nearer blood relations, such as grandfathers, fathers, children. These most generally had their inheritan- ces, side by side, in the same neighborhood. Such were the ones whom the God of Israel addressed as "brethren dwelling to- gether." They were men and not children —men capable of performing the duties of marriage to the widows of their deceased brethren, that the first-born of the remar- ried widow might succeed to the inheri- tance, and thus prevent the estate from being alienated to strangers in other great families in Israel of a more distant kin. It mattered not how large a family of mar- ried brothers there might be dwelling to- gether in the same neighborhood, if they all, but one, died childless the surviving brother ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33a_F2_I1_p013.jpg) [Column 1] would be obliged, by this law, to marry all the widows, for the purpose of building up the house of his brothers that their names might not become extinct in Israel, and their inheritances go to strangers. And so strict was this law, enforcing polygamy, that the Lord God affixed to it a penalty of the most degrading character, commanding the widows of his deceased brothers to loose his shoe and spit upon him in the presence of all the elders, and commanding all Israel to stigmatize him with a name of everlasting disgrace. With scorn and de- rision his house was to be "called in Israel, The House of him that hath his shoe loosed." This was the degrading humilia- ting penalty, pronounced by the God of Israel upon the low, mean, selfish wretch who should refuse to enter into polygamy to preserve his brothers' names from be- coming extinct in Israel. That all might fear the terrible consequences of disobedi- ence to this law or any other, the following heart-thrilling denunciation was uttered— "Cursed be he that confirmeth not all the words of this law to do them: and all the people shall say, Amen." (Deut. xxvii, 26.) What man of principle, or of any feeling of respect for himself or his house, would dare brave these Divine penalties, and die under the withering curse of Jehovah and all His people? None but the most abandoned and reckless could refuse to be- come polygamists under such circumstan- ces. Another passage referred to by Dr. New- man reads as follows: II Sam. xii, 8—"And I gave thee thy master's house, and thy master's wives into thy bosom, and gave thee the house of Israel and of Judah; and if that had been too little I would moreover have given unto thee such and such things." The Dr. says the term "WIVES" may be understood women; for we nowhere read that Saul had more than one wife, whose name was Ahinoam. Rizpah was a second wife, or at most his concubine. The women of his court are therefore meant. To give these into David's bosom simply implies protection. Abraham's bosom, to which Lazarus was carried, was a place of protec- tion; figuratively expressed. It does not mean that they became his wives. The Hebrew word, Nausheem, is transla- ted wives in numerous places in the scrip- tures. (See Genesis iv, 19 and 23; also Deut. xxi, 15.) Why should Mr. Newman object to the usual rendering in the above passage? Did not the inspired Judges and Leaders of Israel generally have many wives? Was it not this class of men whom the Lord generally chose when He had any great work to accomplish in Israel? Why should Saul, in the estimation of Mr. New- man, be an exception? David certainly [Column 2] was worthy of Saul's wives, as a gift from the hands of God, into his own bosom; for before he was exalted to the throne of Is- rael he only had eight wives. God under- standing the faithfulness of David, while fleeing before his heartless persecutor, and having proved him to be a man after His own heart, felt willing to give the wives of Saul into his bosom, and if that had been too little, the Lord informs him that Hewould have given him more. Indeed, Na- than the prophet represents the wives of David by "many flocks and herds," (verse 2,) and the one wife of Uriah by a "little ewe lamb." The words of Nathan were confirmed by "the Lord God of Israel," who testified that He Himself gave these wives to him, and assigns this as a reason why he should not have taken the "one little ewe lamb," belonging to his neighbor. If the Lord God had merely given Saul's wives into David's bosom for protection, He never would have assigned this as a reason why David should not have taken that which did not belong to him, and which the Lord had not given him. Notwithstanding the great anxiety of this learned Dr. to do away the force of this passage, it stands out in bold relief, like many other passages already quoted, as an everlasting testimony that God is the great Author of both polygamic and monogamous marriages—that He not only commanded, under certain circumstances, a plurality of wives, but denominates them as a gift from His own hands. Mr. Newman further states that "In Deuteronomy xvii, 17, Polygamy is posi- tively forbidden by Moses—'Neither shall he (the king) multiply wives to himself, that his heart turn not away.'" This is supposed by Mr. Newman to limit the future king of Israel to one wife. If he had read the preceding verse, he would have found another command of a very similar nature, or at least, in language very similar. The Lord said, "The king shall not multiply horses to himself." Does this command mean that the king must not have but one horse? Does it mean that a plurality of horses, like a plu- rality of wives, would be wicked and a violation of the law of God? Is Mr. New- man really prepared to assert and maintain that the king is limited by this law to one horse? Is it not a more reasonable inter- pretation to say that the king must not multiply horses and wives to himself in excess, but be satisfied with the number which the Lord should give him, and not covet his neighbors' horses or wives? Man does not multiply to himself horses and wives when the Lord gives them. And as Mr. Newman admits marriage to be a di- vine institution, neither a king nor any of ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33a_F2_I1_p014.jpg) [Column 1] his subjects could take a wife or wives legally unless they were given to them by the Lord. Therefore when David or Solo- mon multiplied wives unto himself from among nations which the Lord had cursed, and among whom Israel were forbidden to intermarry, he transgressed the law of God. Such marriages were not legal nor divine. But when God gave him wives he was not a transgressor of the law. Mr. Newman rejects the obvious mean- ing of Paul that a bishop must be the hus- band of one wife; that is, he must be a married man, and takes the ground that polygamists must not be selected for church officials. But why should Paul mention these disqualifications for office, if there were no polygamous families in the Christian Church? If plurality of wives were not permitted in the Christian Church, to give such a caution in the selec- tion of officers from among the members, would be not only absurd, but positively ridiculous. What would the good Metho- dists of Massachusetts think, if Mr. New- man should write to them an epistle to be careful in their selections of Bishops and Deacons not to appoint any church member to that office who was a po- lygamist? They would indeed think that the Reverend gentleman had become deranged. They would say, Why this caution? There are no polygamous mem- bers permitted in our church; consequent- ly, it is impossible for us to select any such for the ministry. The argument of Mr. Newman proves more than he intended: it proves most indisputably that a plurality of wives did exist in the Christian Church in the first century. Mr. Newman next appeals to the census of the world, as to the relative proportion of males and females that are born, which he believes to be condemnatory of poly- gamy. He clearly proves, that in the United States, there is an excess of males born;—that "in Great Britain there is an excess of seven hundred thousand females;" —that in France, Austria, Spain, Italy and Prussia, there is an excess of one million and seventy-four thousand females; but thinks that when the soldiers, who are not numbered in the civil list in the last five European nations, are added, it will in a measure equalize the two sexes. From these statistical facts he draws the follow- ing conclusions: "Thus nature provides for the right of each man to one wife. But polygamy violates this right; for if one man takes twelve wives, then eleven men are cheated out of their natural rights." This conclusion, at first sight and without reflection, seems a very plausible one. But we must remember that the equality of [Column 2] males and females which are born is one thing; and the equality of males and fe- males, when they arrive at a marriageable age, is another. From the ages of fifteen to thirty years may be considered as the most general and usual period of marriage. Now what are the statistical facts as derived from the census, during this marriageable period? Let the census of 1860 speak. "It will be interesting to observe how uniformly the males exceed the females in infancy, and up to the age of about fifteen years. After passing this age the order is reversed, the females become the more nu- merous class, and increasingly so, till at the oldest ages, from 90 upwards, the females exceed the males, in the ratio of three or two."—(p.46, U.S. Census for 1860.) In the United States and Territories in 1860, the excess of marriageable females, between the ages of fifteen and twenty, over the males, was 50,044. In Upper and Lower Canada 3,687. In Great Britain the excess of females, between fifteen and thirty, over the males, was 297,701. In Vermont, they were nearly equal. In Massachusetts the marriageable females were greatly in excess, being over 26,000. In Pennsylvania they were over 28,000 in excess. In New York State they were over 61,000 in excess. It should be remembered that these statistics were taken before the war. In the war a million, or upwards, of brave men, in the very prime of life, were swept away, leaving an additional million of sur- plus marriageable females to swell the ranks of those already in excess. These are statistical facts which none can dis- prove. What conclusions should be drawn from these data? The very opposite of those stated by Mr. Newman. The laws of the nation, and of the States, and Territories, should be so framed, as to give these million ladies a possibility of obtaining husbands. As it is, the monogamic laws of every State have taken away the natural rights of women. These cruel laws speak in crush- ing tones of thunder to a million heart- broken, despairing females, saying, You shall have no husbands, to cheer and com- fort you through life's rugged journey. You shall be punished with fines and im- prisonment, if you dare to be united in wedlock with a man already having a wife. You must live out the lonely, wretched lives of old maids. However much you may desire the happiness of the conjugal state; however much you may deplore your sad condition, and the injustice of your country's laws, you have no hope: for the divine institution of Bible polygamy is cast out from the councils of the nation. No provisions made in our free govern- ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33a_F2_I1_p015.jpg) [Column 1] ment for these sorrowful outcasts from the family circle. Under the cruel, unjust, and unconstitu- tional laws of our otherwise happy country, there is no hope of marriage for hundreds of thousands of the fairer sex, unless they forsake their country and hunt for hus- bands in some foreign land, where males happen to be in excess: or else seek some distant corner of the earth, where the rights of females are respected, and Bible poly- gamy not ignored. What honest, upright, virtuous females who understand the Bible institutions of marriage, would not infinitely prefer plural marriage with one good man, and to be- come the mothers of happy children, than to live the wretched lives of old maids, or welter in the filth of prostitution? Supposing that there was an equality of marriageable males and females in our nation, is it not a well-attested fact, that hundreds of thousands of males will not marry, many of whom prefer to gratify their lusts in prostitution? Ought our laws, therefore, to be so unjustly framed as to punish the surplus females arising from this wicked cause, with perpetual celibacy? Still further, are there not hundreds of thousands of males, who offer themselves in marriage, so debauched and diseased by their former degrading habits, that they become obnoxious and loathsome to the fairer sex? Must the innocent, therefore, be condemned by our laws, as irreclaim- able old maids, because they will not marry these loathsome monsters? Why not make provisions for such to be honorably married to men of respectability? For the sake of civilization—for the sake of the ladies of our country, repeal the monogamic laws, palmed upon us by our forefathers, who derived them from the barbaric nations of Greece and Rome. Such relics of barbarism never ought to disgrace the soil of our free and enlightened Republic. We have stretched out our arms and rescued the groaning slave from the whip and lash of his cruel task-master: we have restored him to liberty, and to all the inalienable rights of man. Shall we not also remember that there are others still in bondage? That the fair daughters of American citizens are crushed down by hundreds of thousands into the degrading condition of old maids, deprived of rights dearer to them than life itself? Would it not be more noble, more man like, more Godlike, and more in accordance with the progressive enlightenment of the age, for the great men of our nation, and our learned divines, to sympathize with the op- pressed ladies of our country—to break the yoke from off their necks, and invite them into the family circle, and take them by the [Column 2] hand, and bid them welcome to the digni- fied and holy position of wives and joyful mothers? Let them do this, and the bles- sings of millions of happy wives and chil- dren will be poured out, like the dews of heaven, upon their heads, and upon their heads, and upon their generations after them. Next in order Mr. Newman refers to the ancient practice of polygamy. He says, "The first instance of polygamy recorded in the Bible is in connection with Lamech. And who was Lamech? A descendant of Cain, and himself a murderer. And the murder was committed in defence of poly- gamy. Genesis, iv., 23—'And Lamech took unto him two wives. * * * And Lamech said unto his wives, Adah and Zillah, hear my voice, ye wives of Lamech, hearken unto my speech, for I have slain a man to my wounding and a young man to my hurt."' The Rev. Dr. continues, "This is the only instance of polygamy recorded in the scriptures during the first 2,000 years after the institution of marriage; and we judge from the record that both Lamech and those around him considered it a crime." It is admitted that Lamech became a mur- derer; but did he murder in defence of polygamy? No: there is not the least inti- mation to that effect. This is one of the false charges of this Rev. divine to embit- ter the minds of the public against a Bible institution. Does Mr. Newman wish to assert that because murder was a crime, therefore, polygamy must be a crime? Let us carry out this gentteman's logic a little further. Cain was a murderer and he had but one wife, therefore, monogamy was a crime. Such would be the result of such reasoning. Another specimen of his logic is that there is no record of any other polygamous family for 2,000 years. In reply we say that there was no record of monogamous mar- raiges only in three cases from Adam to Noah. Does Mr. Newman suppose that this silence of history in regard to the mar- riage institution condemns either the mon- ogamic or polygamic form of marriage? Abraham is next referred to. "I do not hesitate to say," declares Mr. Newman, "that Abraham was in no sense a polyga- mist. What are the facts? God had ap- peared unto Abraham, and promised him a numerous posterity. Six years had passed and the promise had not been ful- filled. Then Sarah fancied that she must help the Lord to keep His promise; and she induced her husband to accept her handmaid, Hagar, an Egyptian girl. But after the evil had been wrought, Sarah realized her sin, but threw the blame upon Abraham, saying, 'My wrong be upon ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33a_F2_I1_p016.jpg) [Column 1] thee!" * * * 'The Lord judge between me and thee.' (Genesis xvi., 5.) I have done wrong in this, and now repent. And as a confirmation of this view the Lord did not recognize Ishmael as Abraham's son. The angel who met Hagar in the wilderness called him 'the lad.' And years after, when God commanded Abraham to offer Isaac on Mount Moriah, he said unto him, 'Take now thy son, thine only son Isaac, whom thou lovest, and get thee into the land of Moriah.' (Genesis xxii., 2.) And when the domestic troubles were no longer endurable, and Sarah demanded that Hagar should be sent away, then for the first time the Lord spake to Abraham on this matter, and commanded him to put Hagar away, and said unto him, 'Walk before me and be thou perfect." (Genesis xvii., 1.) This was Abraham's only offence of the kind, and of which he and Sarah repented." I have given this lengthy quotation in order more fully to point out the wicked misrepresentations of this Rev. divine in regard to Abraham and his two wives. He has unblushingly declared, "that Abraham was in no sense a polygamist," and has pretended to prove his assertion, by the most gross perversions of the historical facts, saying, that Sarah realized her sin, and that both she and Abraham repented. Every reader of the Bible knows that there are no intimations of any such thing in that good Book. It is true that Sarah gave her bondmaid to Abraham, as his second wife. (Genesis xvi, 4.) "And he went in unto Hagar, and she conceived; and when she saw that she had conceived, her mistress was despised in her eyes." What injustice and ingratitude on the part of a bondwoman or slave! What a sin she committed in despising her good mis- tress who had generously consented for her husband to take her as a wife! When Sarah saw that she was unjustly and wick- edly despised, she complained to Abraham and said, "My wrong be upon thee: I have given my maid into thy bosom, and when she saw that she had conceived, I was despis- ed in her eyes: the Lord judge between me and thee. But Abram said unto Sarai: Behold thy maid is in thy hand; do to her as it pleaseth thee. And when Sarai dealt hardly with her, she fled from her face." (Verses 5 and 6.) In all these afflictions and great wrong which Hagar heaped upon her mistress, there was not the least intimation, either from Sarai or Abram, that they had done wrong in going into polygamy. Abram was appealed to as the supreme ruler of the household to correct the wrong, and mete out justice in behalf of Sarah, the aggrieved party, which he promptly did, by deliver- ing over the offender to her mistress. This [Column 2] difficulty was no greater than what often happens in monogamous families, and had nothing to do in regard to the divinity of either form of marriage. Because the angel, on a certain occasion, called Hagar's son "the lad," Mr. Newman supposes that the Lord did not recognize Ishmael as Abram's son. But this suppo- sition is not true. Hear what the Scriptures say: "And God said unto Abraham, As for Sarai thy wife, thou shalt not call her name Sarai, but Sarah shall her name be, and I will bless her, and give thee a son also of her." (Genesis xvii, 15, 16.) The words, "a son also," show most conclusively that God recognized Ishmael as Abraham's son. The expression, "the lad," is applied to Isaac as well as Ishmael. (Genesis xxii, 5.) And are therefore of no force in support of Mr. Newman's argument. It is true that the Lord calls Isaac "the only son" of Abraham, at the time he was required to offer him up. But as Ishmael is often called in Genesis, the son of Abra- ham, the expression, "thine only son," as applied to Isaac, must mean that he was the only son by promise,—the only son through whose seed the nations of the earth should be blessed,—the only son through whose lineage the promised Messiah should come,—the only son whose seed should be the legal, lawful inheritors of the promised land. Several years after the birth of Ishmael he became very rude and mocked his mother's mistress. The great wickedness of Hagar in despising so good a woman, and in suffering her son to do the same, greatly displeased the Lord, and he com- manded Abraham to hearken to the voice of Sarah and send her away. This was not because the Lord had any fault to find with polygamy, but because he considered Hagar unworthy to retain the honorable position to which she had been raised as a polygamous wife. She was unworthy to enjoy the home and society of that most noble and Godlike family. Mr. Newman acknowledges Jacob to be a polygamist, but thinks that he went into it unrighteously, that he had not previously been converted—that the land where he dwelt in his youth was a land where mono- gamy was the only custom, that the coun- try to which he fled was a polygamic country,—that he was deceived into poly- gamy, etc. That Jacob was converted before he arrived in the country of Laban is evident from what is recorded in the 28th Chapter of Genesis, 12th verse, "And he (Jacob) dreamed, and behold a ladder set up on the earth, and the top of it reached to heaven: and behold the angels of God ascending ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33a_F2_I1_p017.jpg) [Column 1] and descending on it. And behold the Lord stood above it, and said, I am the Lord God of Abraham thy father, and the God of Isaac: the land whereon thou liest, to thee will I give it, and to thy seed; and and thy seed shall be as the dust of the earth; and thou shalt spread abroad to the west, and to the east, and to the north, and to the south; and in thee and in thy seed shall all the families of the earth be blessed. And behold I am with thee, and will keep thee in all places whither thou goest, and will bring thee again into this land; for I will not leave thee, until I have done that which I have spoken to thee of." After seeing angels, and the Lord God, and obtaining from His own mouth such precious promises, he exclaims, "Surely the Lord is in this place." * * * "This is none other but the House of God, and this is the gate of heaven." Jacob made a most solemn vow unto the Lord in that place. If Jacob was not a converted man then there never was one. His future life was that of a man of God. Up to that time he was raised in a coun- try where polygamy was practised. His grandfather Abraham, and Abimelech, king of Gerar, both practised polygamy, the latter being a righteous man whom the Lord visited and with whom He con- versed. The Lord informs this good king that He knew his heart was full of integrity and innocency when he attempted to take what he supposed to be Abraham's sister in addition to the wives he already had. Instead of condemning the polygamy of the king, and denouncing him as a crimi- nal, He approved of his integrity. The place of Jacob's nativity, therefore, was a country of polygamy. (Gen. xx.) Though Jacob was deceived by his father-in-law in the taking of Leah, yet he was not deceived in marrying Bilhah and Zilpah, his third and fourth wives. That these two women were also Jacob's wives, and not as some have said, merely concu- bines, see Genesis xxxvii, 2. The Rev. Dr., in his concluding remarks, refers to the wicked acts of some of the ancient prophets and kings, especially those of David and Solomon, and on these grounds attempts to condemn polygamy. The same argument would also condemn monogamy; for many good men, prophets and apostles, who had but one wife, occa- sionally departed from the Lord. Does their adultery and incest prove monogamy to be a criminal form of marriage? Was the monogamy of Lot a crime, because of his incest with his two daughters? If Mr. Newman's argument proves anything it proves too much. If the adultery of David, and the licentiousness of Solomon, in tak- [Column 2] ing strange women from among the accur- sed nations whose daughters they were forbidden, by the law of God, to marry, proves polygamy to be a crime, then the adultery and incest of ancient monogamists prove the one-wife system to be criminal. But adultery and incest are crimes con- demned by the law of God; while mono- gamy and polygamy are pure, holy, Di- vine institutions of the great Jehovah. It is an easy matter for Rev. gentlemen to call good evil, and to place the institutions of heaven in the same catalogue with the crimes of hell, and to denounce in unmeas- ured terms that which God approbated and commanded in the Bible, but it is utterly beyond their power to prove their wicked denunciations, or even to find one passage which in the least degree sustains their unwarranted assertions. It doubtless was expected that so great a theologian as the Rev. Dr. Newman, would, in his profound researches, be able, at least, to find some divine law—some item from the divine oracles, to prove plurality of wives a crime. But he has utterly failed: Bible polygamy shines forth in all its heavenly purity, un- shaken, unscathed, untarnished, resting upon a foundation deep and broad—the foundation of the everlasting word of Jehovah. Up to this point, I have strictly limited myself to the Scriptures quoted, and the arguments adduced by this celebrated theologian. I have purposely avoided launching forth into the wide field of Scriptural testimony in favor of this great Divine institution. Such evidences and arguments have already been adduced and extensively developed by many eminent Protestant divines and writers of the last three centuries. Among which I refer you to the joint Epistle of Martin Luther and seven other prominent divines of the 16th century, written "To the most serene Prince and Lord Philip Landgrave of Hesse." (See "Variations of Protestant Churches," vol. 1, pages 242—258. Also Rev. Martin Madan's great work in three volumes, called "Thelyphthora," in sup- port of polygamy, printed in the last cen- tury. Also a late treatise by an eminent writer in Massachusetts, entitled "Poly- gamy and Monogamy.") In reply to Mr. Newman's unjust attack upon Sarah in giving her bond-maid to her husband, I will refer to her piety, and the high esteem in which she was held by the Apostolic Christian Church. She is represented in the New Testament as being a worthy, Godlike woman, as being a lovely model after whom all Christian women should pattern. Rachel and Leah were also examples of righteousness, women filled with faith, holding communion with God, ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33a_F2_I1_p018.jpg) [Column 1] and enjoying the spirit of revelation and prophecy. In those days, barrenness was considered a great reproach, and was often inflicted upon women as a chastisement from the Lord; but when they repented and became obedient, the affliction was taken away. Leah bare children; Rachel was barren. She therefore said to Jacob, "Behold my maid Bilhah, go in unto her; and she shall bear upon my knees, that I may also have children by her. And Bilhah conceived, and bare Jacob a son." (Genesis xxx, 3, 4, 5.) The Lord restrained Leah from bearing, until she would follow the right- eous example of her sister. "When Leah saw that she had left bearing, she took Zilpah her maid and gave Jacob to wife. And Zilpah Leah's maid bare Jacob a son." (Genesis xxx, 9, 10.) Did God bless Rachel and Leah for these acts? Let the Scrip- tures answer. "God remembered Rachel, and God hearkened to her, and opened her womb. And she conceived and bare a son; and said, God hath taken away my reproach. And she called his name Joseph; and said, The Lord shall add to me another son." (Gen. xxx, 22, 23, 24.) In the 17th and 18th verses it reads, "And God hearkened unto Leah, and she conceived, and bare Jacob the fifth son. And Leah said, God hath given me my hire, because I have given my maiden to my husband." In a like manner, God restrained Sarah from bearing until she gave Hagar to Abraham; after which he blessed both wives with a son each. God was so well pleased with their polygamy, that He wrought these three special miracles in confirmation of the di- vine institution. If polygamy were a crime, how remarkably strange is the language, "God hath given me my hire, because I have given my maiden to my husband." When Hagar fled from the house of Abraham, she was met by an angel who commanded her to return to her home. This may seem very strange to the oppo- sers of polygamy, that a polygamic woman should be visited by an angel, and be com- manded to return to her polygamic home. Instead of reproving her for entering into polygamy, and requiring her for entering into polygamy, and requiring her henceforth to keep away from it, he sends her back to her polygamous husband and mistress, saying, "I will multiply thy seed exceedingly, that it shall not be numbered for multi- tude." On another occasion, the angel of the Lord told her, that her son Ishmael should become "a great nation." "God was with the lad," and he begat twelve princes. All these facts, and many others too numerous to mention, show most con- clusively that God was well pleased with [Column 2] the polygamic form of marriage, and with the offspring thus begotten. While adultery was punished with death, and children begotten out of wedlock branded with infamy to the tenth genera- tion, Polygamists and their children were highly honored of the Lord. The child of David, begotten unlawfully by Uriah's wife, was smitten with death, according to the word of the Lord through Nathan the prophet. But after Uriah's death, when David married the same woman lawfully, the word of the Lord came unto him, say- ing, "Behold a son shall be born to thee who shall be a man of rest; and I will give him rest from all his enemies round about; for his name shall be Solomon, and I will give peace and quietness unto Israel in his days. He shall build a house for my name, and he shall be my son, and I will be his Father; and I will establish the throne of his kingdom over Israel for ever." (I Chronicles, xxii, 9, 10.) What a distinction the Lord makes be- ween a bastard and a polygamist son. Both born unto David of the same woman. One He smites with death: the other He appoints before his birth to build the Lord's house and to be raised to the throne of Israel. "He shall be my son and I will be his Father." To this same Solomon the Lord appeared twice, and heard his prayer at the dedication of the holy Temple, and sent down fire to consume the sacrifice. Thus did He honor this polygamist king above all men. Among all Israel whom did the Lord select to redeem them from the hand of the Midianites? Not a monogamist, but Gid- eon, a man of many wives, who had no less than seventy-one sons. By him he wrought stupendous miracles, and with only three hundred men put to flight the numerous hosts of Midian. He it was whom the angel saluted as "a mighty man of God." When Israel through wickedness had been without a Revelator, and without any open vision for many years, whom did the Lord send to lift them up, and to be a great prophet among them? The little child Samuel, the son of a polygamist wo- man, who obtained him in answer to her prayers. In the latter days, when Christian women in Zion become more numerous than the males, and have no chance of marriage in single pairs, what will they do to take away their reproach? Seven women will beg and plead with one man to take them as wives, promising to eat their own bread and wear their own apparel, if he will only consent for them to be called by his name. "In that day the branch of the Lord will be beautiful and glorious." (Isaiah iv.) ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33a_F2_I1_p019.jpg) [Column 1] And every dwelling of Mount Zion be lighted up with the glory of God—"with a cloud and smoke by day and the shining of a flaming fire by night." Then will be the time when polygamy will again be honor- ed, as God honored it in times of old. Then will be the time, predicted by our Savior, when many will come from the east, west, north, and south, to sit down with the polygamists Abraham, Isaac and Jacob, in the kingdom of God, while those who pro- fess to be the children of the kingdom, but despise polygamy, will be cast out. In Abraham's bosom they will have no pro- tection. Then the Heavenly Jerusalem will be a Polygamist city, on whose gates of costly pearls will be emblazoned in words of celestial light the names of the twelve sons of the Polygamist Jacob. Such will be the civilization of the future. Our Government was wisely instituted for the common protection of the people— to protect the weak against the strong—to protect all in the enjoyment of civil, politi- cal and religious rights—to legislate against crime and punish the same. If crime be embraced within the religious creed of any sect, it is just and right that such criminal practices should be punish- ed. But is it right, or just, or in accord- ance with our free institutions, to punish a religious society, for embracing in their religious faith a holy and divine institu- tion, believed in and practised by the best of men—by inspired prophets and reve- lators, whose sacred writings are revered by all Christian nations—an institution established in the Divine oracles by Divine command, regulated by Divine law, ac- knowledged by Angels, and confirmed by miracles? The Bible is the great standard of morals. In it the great crimes against God and against society are clearly named and de- nounced: it is the acknowledged founda- tion on which civilized nations have erected the grand superstructure of criminal law, for the universal protection of society. If heathenish religion should find its way into our land, and should demand that a widow must be burned on the funeral pile of her husband, our laws, supported by this Divine Standard, would speak in tones of thunder against it, saying, "Thou shalt not kill." "He that killeth shall die." If under the pretended garb of religion, marriage should be abolished, and an in- discriminate intercourse of the sexes should be inculcated, the voice of legislation, sus- tained by the Divine Code, should speak in thrilling tones of terror, to such loath- some wretches, saying, "Thou shalt not commit adultery." If theft, or infanticide, or any other crime, denounced in the Divine Law, were incorporated in a reli- [Column 2] gious creed, and practiced under the sacred name of religion, the laws of our country should be strictly enforced against them, and the offenders be punished. But because the people have wisely en- trusted these great safeguards of the peace and good order of society in the hands of their Representatives and Legislators, ought they to betray this sacred trust? Ought they to legislate against any religious doctrine or institution sanctioned by the Bible? If the sacred institution of one form of Bible marriage can, by legislative enactment, be denounced criminal and utterly abolished, what assurance have we that the other form may not eventually share the same fate? What assurance have we that Baptism, the Lord's Supper, or any other Divine right, will not be de- nounced by some future legislation, as criminal, and those who practice them be fined and imprisoned for so doing? Our only safety is to legislate within the limits of the Constitution; and not disturb the religious views and practices of any people, so long as they do not violate any known law, contained in the Divine Oracles. Marriage is admitted by all Christian nations to be a Divine Institution, and as such, all Christian and Jewish sects should have the privilege of prescribing its cere- monies and forms in accordance with their own religious views. To appoint civil officers, who may be infidels, to administer a Divine Ordinance, to Church members is not only ridiculous, but a gross violation of sacred religious rights. If such laws were to be enforced in Utah, it would be equivalent to the utter abolishment of marriage, so far as the great Christian Church in our Territory is concerned. Our young gentlemen and ladies could not look upon marriages, celebrated by Gov- ernment officials, who possibly might be Atheists, as any thing but adulterous unions; and rather than commit so great a crime, they would be compelled, by a just regard for their own honor, to abstain from marriage altogether. Our faith, our respect for the word of God, would not permit us to receive these holy and Divine ordinances from any but those whom we believe to be divinely appointed. By the census of 1860 our marriageable females exceeded the males by several hun- dreds. And we now believe through facts gathered from our emigration lists and other reliable sources that the surplus fe- male population of our Territory, of a mar- riageable age, exceeds that of the males by many thousands. These surplus females have emigrated here because of their pecu- liar religious views. They are unwilling to leave the Territory to seek husbands elsewhere: no earthly consideration could ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33a_F2_I1_p020.jpg) [Column 1] persuade them to marry outside of the Church of which they are members. Such marriages, they consider, would be equiva- lent to the denial of their faith and they believe would greatly [--]danger their sal- vation. Have not the women the natural instincts of their sex? Do they not desire to become honorable wives and joyful mothers of children? Would they not in- finitely prefer a plural form of marriage, than to have no husbands at all? Why then should special legislation be extended over Utah to prevent thousands of ladies [Column 2] from participating in the enjoyment of Scriptural matrimony, to deprive them of the family circles and homes of their choice? I cannot, I will not believe, until I am compelled so to do, that the great and illus- trious statesmen of our renowned Repub- lic, will be so ungenerous, so unsympathis- ing to American ladies, as to deny them their natural, civil and religious rights, and condemn them to perpetual celibacy. Yours, most respectfully, ORSON PRATT, SEN. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33A_F2_I2_p001.jpg) ?Elk County Railroad and Mining Gazette. G. C. BRANDON, Publisher. THE INTEREST OF ELK COUNTY. $2.00 per Annum. VOL. VI. ST. MARY’S, PA., THURSDAY, FEBRUARY 26, 1874. NO. 43. G C. BRANDON, JUSTICE OF THE PEACE, ST. MARY'S, ELK CO., PA., Will attend to all Collections entrusted to him also will attend to buying and selling Rea Estate. Office—Town Hall Building. J. O. W. BAILEY. ATTORNEY AT LAW, RIDGWAY, ELK CO., PA. G. A. RATHBUN, (Suc. Souther & Rathbun) ATTORNEY AT LAW, RIDGWAY, ELK CO., PA. RUFUS LUCORE, ATTORNEY AT LAW, Earley, Elk Co., Pa. W. B. HARTMAN, M. D., PHYSICIAN AND SURGEON. St. Mary's Street. Office Hours—From 7 to 10 A. M. and from 7 to 9 P. M. DR. M. J. EARLEY, EARLEY, ELK CO., PA. TONSORIAL SALOON, Railroad Street, op– posite Depot. Martin Huber, Proprietor, Shaving, Shampooing and Coloring done in the latest styles of the art. FRANKLIN HOUSE, St. Mary's Street. Large and commodious house, within short distance of the Depot. The bar and lable suppled with the best the market affords. J. B. Connor Proprietor. ST. MARY'S HOTEL. St. Mary's Street. This Hotel has recently been enlarged and newly furnished, and is first–class in every re- spect. Good Stabling attached. R. E. Wellen– dorf Proprietor. BEZINGER HOUSE, MICHAEL STREET. JAMES ROGAN. Proprietor. ELK HOTEL, Michael Street. This House is convenient to Lite Depot. The proprie- tor spares neither time nor money to make it comfortable and pleasant for one and all. Thomas Valentine. Proprietor. HYDE HOUSE, Ridgway, Elk Co., Pa. W. H. SCHRAM, Proprietor.3 KELSEY HOUSE, Centreville, Elk Co., Pa. John Collins, Proprietor. The proprie- tor having refitted his house, is now ready to accommodate one and all who may favor him with their patronage. Large and commodious stable attached. WHITE PINE HOTEL. A. J. Rummer, Proprietor. This Hotel is situated in the heart of the fishing and hunting grounds of this section. Persons desiring rural enjoyment will find a pleasant stopping place at this Hotel. The accommodations for man and beast are complete. The best of deer hunting and trout fishing in the immediate vicinity. Wachtel House, (Opposite the Depot,) St. Mary’s, Elk Co., Pa. The traveling public will find the above house a pleasant home while visiting this place. It is kept open day and night, and accommo– dating porters attend all trains. A convenient sample room has been fitted up for the accommodation of traveling agents. JOHN WATCHTEL & SON, Proprietors. GEO. K[-]ELLNER, Bakery and Confec– tioner, cor. Mill and Chestnut Streets. Bread and Cakes baked every day and delivered to customers in every part of the town. A share of the patronage of the public is solicited. JOHN MISEL, BAKER. Railroad Street. Fresh Bread. Pies and Cakes kept constantly on hand. Also, dealer in Confectionery, Tobacco, Sugars, Pouches, Pipes, &c., &c., &c. JOSEPH WINDFELDERS Lager Beer Brewery and Saloon, Centre Street. All kinds of Wines, Liquors, Segars, Tobacco, &c., kept constantly on hand. Give him a call. WILLIAM GEISE. Lager Beer Brewer. Restaurant on Michael Street, one door below Coryell & Bates store. The best of Lager Beer and Native Wines kept constantly on hand. CONFECTION AND EATING SALOON, Opposite John Weidenboerner's store. Ale, Wines, Beers, Lemonade, Confectionery, Pies, Cakes, Tobacco, Segars, etc., etc. John Hindle, Proprietor. REYNOLDS & GARNER, Michael Street. Complete assortment of all kinds of Drugs, Medicines, Paints, Oils, Dye Stuffs, &c., constantly on hand. Pure Liquors for medicinal purposes. JAMES SNEERINGER, Railroad Street. General Dealer in Dry Goods and Groceries of all kinds. One among the finest and best selected stocks ever brought from the city to the country. JOHN WEIDENBOERNER, Railroad Street. The largest, most com– plete and cheapest stock of Dry Goods, Grocer- ies. Boots. Shoes, Hats, Caps, Flour, Pork, &c., in the county. PHILLIP WILHELM, Corner Michael and Railroad Streets. Dealer in Groceries, Provisions, Fresh Fish, Tobacco, Segars, Boots, Shoes, Hats, Caps, Ready-Made Clothing, &c., &c. AD. FOCHTMAN. Dealer in Dry Goods, Groceries, Provi- sions, Country Produce, &c., St. Mary’s Street. One of the largest and most complete assort- ment in the county. P. W. HAY, DEALER IN Dry Goods. Notions, Queensware, AND GENERAL VARIETY. FOX, ELK COUNTY, PENN. Earley, Post Office. HENRY BOLTE'S Watch and Clock Estab– lishment. Railroad Street. A large as- sortment of Watches, Clocks, Jewelry and Musical Instruments, kept constantly on hand. Repairing done with neatness and dispatch and warranted to give satisfaction. EDWARD McBRIDE, Jeweler, dealer in Watches, Clocks, plain and fancy Jewelry, and Musical Instruments. Special attention given to repairing Watches, Clocks, Jewelry and Musical Instruments. Engraving done at the shortest notice. Store room, corner Railroad and Market Streets. CHARLES HOLES, WATCHMAKER AND JEWELER. Agent for the Howe Sowing Machine and Morton Gold Pen. Main Street, Ridgway, Pa. Satisfaction guaranteed. J. V. HOUR. S. JACKSON. N. P. MURPHY. J. V. HOUK & COMPANY, CONTRACTORS, BUILDERS, MANUFACTURERS, And dealers in Bill Stuff, Dressed Lumber, Blinds, Doors, Sash, Mouldings, Brackets, Balusters, Caseing, Siding, Ceiling, Flooring, Scroll Sawing and Turning of all kinds. RIDGWAY, PA. BILLIARD SALOON. The undersigned would respectfully announce to the citizens of St. Mary's that he has opened a Billiard Saloon in the second story of Mc- Bride's building, where he has set up two first- class Phelan and Collander tables. All persons wishing to indulge in the scientific game of billiards can at any time enjoy a quiet game at his room. E. R. SHATTUCK. JOHN KRUG, MEAT MARKET. Constantly on hand, fresh slaughtered meats, consisting of Beef, Pork, Mutton and Veal. The best of Cattle kept on hand and sold at the lowest market price. Call and see him and be convinced. [next column] Dead Days. cannot let lost life with lost years go— I must look back to what I used to know, And looking weep; I must remember that my double life Of happiness is now a single strife, And that you sleep All through the longest days of summer glow, And through the longest nights of winter snow. Love played with us in childhood, and it came Along with us in after days the same, With joy and rest; The pleasant months grew into changing years, And changing pleasures chided little fears From our sweet nest: I must remember that my whole life grew In fairer, purer ways, because of you. I cannot help my heart; my tears must flow— And though the sun is on me, I must know A day that died; The frightened clock ran down—oh, bitter spite! Fo[-] twelve at noon to twelve o'clock at night ; And fever–eyed, I life in body, but my heart is dead, Like a dry leaf upon a spider's thread. My Dorothy, the days shall dawn again, And purity shall come because of pain— The hours shall rise: Old tears shall be prophetic of the true, And clouds of white shall float beneath the blue; And your brown eyes Shall open on me for our long love's sake, And under your sweet gaze I shall awake. A CASE OF CONSCIENCE, It was a large, old-fashioned house, built of brick, that had grown dingy with age. Great, tall chestnut trees grew by the road that led to the door, and about a mile distant you could see the village spire over the top of the foliage. This mansion was the home of Sylves- ter Grahame, and in yonder large square room on the left hand of the hall door, you can see him sitting in a ponderous chair, with a multitude of books at his feet. Not laid down care- fully, but dashed upon the floor with a nervous and desperate hand, and scat- tered in such confusion as to betray the fact that a heart no longer at peace with itself beat painfully in the bosom of the man who inhabited that old room. We must look upon this person with something more than a casual gaze, for Sylvester Grahame is not an ordinary being, and his life has been eventful enough to have answered the purpose of a score of novel writers. He has cast the volume he held upon his knees at his feet, and as he raises his head and draws a long breath, you can watch the shadows that pass over his countenance. Sunshine never comes there. Apparently he is thirty years years old, about medium stature, and certainly does not weigh over one hundred and fifty pounds. His hair, which was once of a rich black color, is beginning to be permanently streaked with gray. He allows it to grow long, so that it falls upon his shoulders. There is no curl in it. It is as straight as an Indian's; of a pale olive hue is his face, and hard, deep lines are traced across his brow, and extend from the corners of his eyes down his cheeks. Those eyes, ah! what volumes they have spoken ere now. They are for– ever restless ; even when he is reading every few moments they are raised from the page to dart a hurried and electric glance about him. Reader, did you ever have a pair of eyes fastened upon you, that seemed to search the very depths of your soul? Did you ever encounter one of those being whose gaze gave you a sort of uneasiness? In short, a man whom you would sooner have direct his atten– tion to others than yourself. You are conscious of your own integrity, you have not defrauded your neighbor, nor shed innocent, or, mayhap, guilty blood. You are willing to stand upon your record before the world ; but you wish those eyes turned away from you. Well, Sylvester Grahame had just this look from the dark orbs that glit– tered under his bushy brows. A gleam of pain would steal across his face, and as his mind became subdued by some gentle recollection, his countenance would appear to possess a tranquility and sweetness that, really caused him to appear handsome. But an instant more, and the soft influence would disappear, and from those eyes would dart an ex– pression so sinister, that one had well beware how they crossed his purpose when the spirit was unruly. Few men were better read than Syl– vester Grahame, and scarcely was there to be found in any gentleman’s house a better selected and more copious library than he possessed. He had received a brilliant education, and in his college days he never had been an idler. When he came out of Cambridge men desired to look upon the genius that was to gleam like a sun upon British politics. They waited in vain, however, for Syl- vester Grahame went to the Continent, and for seven years he never stood upon British soil. When he returned he had made himself a thorough master of the tongues of Europe. Had he desired it, the diplomatic corps was open to his talents, for he had powerful family in– fluence, backed by enormous wealth. Yet he availed himself of none of the brilliant prospects that were offered to his merits, but settled down to write abstruse books, and pass his time after his own fashion. At certain periods, as if to recruit his energies, he would for weeks together take long daily rides on horseback, and when these were indulged in to the limit he had prescribed, he would again return to his books and work. It was in the year 1844, pursuant to a promise long given, that I went to visit Sylvester Grahame. We had been boys together, and had not seen each other since the day we came out of college. Grahame was never a general favorite among his classmates, but they re- spected him for his intellectual quali– ties. He had very few what might be called intimate friends, for his was not a nature to win the confidence of oth- ers, and lie rarely bestowed his cn any one. Still he had a few chosen ones who knew him well enough to trust his word even under the most adverse cir- cumstances, and I was fortunate enough to enjoy his regard. It was verging well on towards winter when I alighted at Houghton Regis, the place where he lived. The leaves of the maples were already turning fiery red, and the wind swept by in mournful gusts, that betokened a com- ing storm. Sylyester Grahame met me at the threshold and shook my hand with a hearty welcome. He had changed very much since our college days. He looked much older than I expected to find him, but his great, mysterious eyes shot forth the old electric glances [next column] that would have enabled one to single him out among a thousand. The first few days I passed at Hough– ton Regis was chiefly spent in exploring Grahame’s vast library, and taking short strolls with him about the coun- try. One day we were seated together, when I asked him how it came that he had disappointed the expectations of his friends of leading a retired life in- stead of entering the political arena. He shook his head. “No, no,” he replied. "Once I nourished that dream, but 'tis past. The years I passed abroad cured me of any ambi- tion I might have entertained on that score. It was in the shepherd's hut and peasant's cot I learned the value of true contentment. To tell you the truth, Charley," and he laid his hand impressively on my shoulder, "I changed all my youthful aspirations at the bidding of a poor girl whose father tended a few sheep. You start. Don’t be surprised. If you ever come to know your own heart well, you will be astonished to discover how weak your nature really is, even at the moment you deem it strongest. I loved this poor little maid, though she was dying of an incurable disease. One whole year I lingered by her side, and then the Angel of Death came and took her away in all her purity, and I was left desolate and alone. But I remembered her words: 'True joys are only to be found in a life of retirement.' "Now, my dear fellow, you are one of the very few who possess the key to my mode of living. Perhaps you may not appreciate my motives, bus 'tis all the same. No persuasion will ever tempt me to come out of my shell." "And do you never intend to marry?" I asked. "Never," he replied with an emphasis so deep that I knew his mind was firmly fixed on that point. The conversation having taken a gloomy turn, I adroitly changed it, and began talking of our college days. "Many is the good fellow that has passed away from earth since then," I remarked. Grahame suddenly started, and with- out replying to my remark, abruptly arose, and going to a closet, brought forth a box, which he unlocked, and took from it a sovereign, and laid it upon the table. "Charley," he said, with just a slight twinkle of humor about his mouth, "did you ever recollect of my owning a green umbrella at Cam– bridge?" I looked at him with some surprise. "Really it would be impossible for me to recall such a trivial fact, after so many years," I answered with a laugh. “It’s the same case with myself,” he replied; "but I will tell you a story. The occurrence happened last summer, and I have laughed many times since when recalling it. "I was sitting in this room, by the window, musing upon the sublime mys- teries of the weather, and impatiently longing for the cool days to come again, when a stranger entered, and abruptly made his way to my chair. "There was nothing very remarkable in the figure of my visitor—as far, at least, as it met my view. His features, however, were characterized by an air of frankness and intelligence that would have interested a physiognomist; and his manner might be said to indicate at once the modern follower of fashion, and the disciple of philosophy. Over all was cast an expression of correct- ness, and perhaps of enthusiasm, that gave somewhat of a romantic interest to his demeanor, and excited in no slight degree my curiosity respecting the mo- tive of his visit. "Before I had time to inquire what this motive was, the stranger, bowing with the air of a man from whom an explanation is expected, thus addressed me: " 'Mr. Grahame, I believe"' "I bowed in my turn, with the air of a man who cannot deny a propo– sition. " 'Mr. Sylvester Grahame ?’ pursued the stranger in an inquiring tone, and with suitable emphasis; as though his knowledge of mankind had led him to suspect there might be more Grahames than one in the world. "This point being settled, he pro– ceeded: " "In the year 18—, you were, if I am not mistaken, a student of Cam– bridge?' "I replied that I was, and begged him to be seated. "The stranger declined the proffered chair, and carelessly resting one arm upon the back of it, resumed his notes of interrogation. " 'I was at that time a fellow-student of yours, but fate has since compelled me to abandon the field of my youthful labors, and forbidden me to culture the hopes and promises that were then and there planted. Raphael is now no more to me than Shakespeare. I should as soon think of following Milton as Michael Angelo. Art is only interesting to me as a representation of nature. She had attractions of her own once. But I am forgetting the real object of my visit.' "I again asked him to take a chair. " 'In the autumn of the year I have mentioned,’ continued my visitor, with- out noticing my invitation. 'It is a long time ago, and circumstances may have driven such an event from your memory—but, about the autumn of that year, you lost ——' " 'I did,' said I, interrupting him. 'You are perfectly right; I am far from forgetting it. But it was a distant rela- tion. Her property has been nearly swallowed up by a raging lawsuit. You bring me, perhaps, intelligence upon this subject,' and once more pointed to the vacant chair and fancied that I recollected having seen his face before. "He smiled and shook his head gently. It was a smile that plainly in- timated that I was mistaken in my sur– mises. " 'The loss which has at length pro- cured me the pleasure of this inter- view,’ he replied, 'is not of so im- portant a nature as you seem to antici- pate. Indeed, among the events you refer to, it is more than probable that you have entirely forgotten it. This prologue may appear ridiculous, be– cause the circumstance I am about to mention is trifling; but trifles are of importance when identified with prin- ciples. About the period stated, then, in one of the rooms of Cambridge, you left—or in plainer language lost—did you not, an umbrella?' " 'An umbrella?' I gasped. " 'Yes, sir—a green umbrella?' " 'It is possible,’ I replied, some- what disappointed, 'that I may at some time or other have sustained such a loss, but whether in France or Italy, at the Pyramids or on the Nile, is a mys- tery it would be difficult to unravel.' " 'Not at all,’ answered the stranger, [next column] 'the umbrella that I allude to was yours; your name was engraved upon the handle.' "Two or three minutes reflection suf- ficed to call to mind some recollection of the occurrence, and I confessed, therefore, without affectation, to the loss. " "I have been,' resumed the stran- ger (without stating why the eventful umbrella was detained in the first in- stance, but leaving me to infer that it fell into his hands), 'I have been in ill health, and was for some years absent from England. This must be my ex- cuse to you for not waiting on you be- fore. I do so now for the purpose of requesting that you will state what you conceive to be the value of the um- brella, and that you will allow me to pay you for what was unquestionably yours.' "I was so startled by this proposal that I made no immediate reply to it, and before I could pronounce my reso- lution not to hear of such an arrange- ment, my inquisitor had made another attack upon my memory, by asking whether the umbrella was a cotton or silk one. "Here a little difficulty arose. If I described it as a silk one (which I was certain it must have been, as I always detested those of contrary quality), it was like increasing its value, and might look like a desire for remuneration. To confess, on the other hand, to cotton, would have been a triumph over pride too philosophic for my spirit. I saved my decision by shortness of memory. "This forgetfulness, however, was by no means satisfactory to my conscien- tious fellow-student. I could only re- ply to his urgent offers of indemnifica- tion, by assuring him that, as I had never wanted what was lost, I consid- ered upon Othello's principle that I had not lost anything. That having once forgotten the circumstance, I could not think of receiving a recompense for rec- ollecting it. That I had purchased many umbrellas since, in place of the one he alluded to; and lastly that I considered myself fortunate in the loss, as it had obtained me an introduction to one who evinced so fine a perception of the distinction between meum and tuum. "My arguments were without avail; he persisted, and I declined. The con- test might have lasted till this morning, had not the stranger finding my nega- tives invincible, thrown upon the table a piece of gold, and scarcely allowing himself time to articulate a hope that the amount would repay me for the loss, darted suddenly out of the door. "Stay,' I cried, 'but one moment.' And my curiosity to know who he was having considerably increased, I rushed rapidly after him, and caught the echo of his 'good-by,' mingled with the sound of his horse's hoofs. " 'I cannot suffer you to leave this,' I shouted. 'I really must not allow— at least let me know to whom I am in- debted for—' "My voice fell on the still air; the stranger had vanished." A Western Temperance Law. What is called the "Baxter law" of Indiana provides that the Commission- ers of any county shall not allow a man to sell liquor. Unless he first obtains the signatures to his petition of a majority of the voters of the county. The seller is obliged to give bonds to the amount of $3,000, to insure the payment of any damages which may accrue under any of the sections of the aw, of which there are not twenty. Persons signing petitions, who are not voters, are liable to a fine of not less than $50, and not more than $100. Suits of damages may be brought against a liquor seller who has sold liquour to a habitual drunkard, by a number of persons, friends, or rela- tives of the drunkard, or even, in some cases, by the township Trustee. None of the permissions granted to saloon keep- ers apply to liquor selling on Sunday or holidays. It will be seen that, in some respects, this statue assimlates to a rigid license law, while in others it amounts to prohibition. In the cities and many of the large towns the law is a failure. No dealer has the least difficulty in securing the requisite number of signers to his peti- tion. Indeed, it is stated that in many such places the number of dearlers has actually increased, for they are no longer obliged to pay for licences, thereby occasioning considerable loss to the municipal treasuries. In the country towns, however, the press gen- erally supports the law, and the ma- jority of voters refuse to lend their names to those who are petitioning for liberty to sell. The influence of the granges, also, in many districts is thrown in favor of temperance. The consequence is that throughout a great part of rural Indiana there has been a marked diminution in the amount of liquor selling. Places that formerly had a number of saloons now have only one or two, and many have none at all. The law has so far stood the test of judicial examination, except the Su- preme Court has declared unconstitu- tional the 9th section, which declares it illegal to become intoxicated, and that all intoxicated persons may be arrested and forced to disclose the name of the dealer who sold them the liquor. A Very Cool Woman. A paper published in Portland, Me., gives the following account of the de- meanor of Mrs. Waite in the court- room in that city during her trial on the charge of bigamy: "whether Mrs. Waite is innocent or ugilty of the charges brought against her is not for us to say. But, in either case, that she is a most remarkable woman there can be no doubt. For a person to sit, as she has, throughout the trial just closed, and to maintain throughout the calmness which has characterized the woman in question, is simply wonderful. Not a single inci- dent has moved her in the slightest de- gree. The man who claims to be her husband, with his two children, have been in constant attendance, and she has looked at them time and again, but the closest observer has failed to note the slightest token of recognition on her part. She remarked to a friend Saturday evening that the whole pro- ceedings of the trial had seemed to her like a play. It had been simply amuse- ment for her to sit there and see them bring up persons whom she had never seen or heard of, and for them to relate circumstances of which she knew noth- ing, in endeavoring to prove that she was some other woman than she really was. Referring to the little girl, she said, 'Do you think that she looks like me?' The friend remarked that he thought she did very much. She smiled and said she was a bright look- ing child, and any mother ought to be proud of such children as she and her little brother." [next column] Spanish Brutality The carelessness of the Spaniard of the interior about human life and prop- erty is well-nigh incredible, and shows a state of civilization terribly low in- deed. As regards human life, I was un- happily close to the spot where two of the most barbarous murders that can be conceived took place in the fiery summer of 1873. In the first case, a poor itenerant tailor was returning from his rounds in the cool of the evening, with his two asses laden with his whole earthly wealth of cloth and handker- chiefs, and with him, as servants, two men, with one of whom he had previ- ously been on ill terms. What occurred between the three will never be known, but at twelve o'clock at night the youngest of his two companions, a lad of three-and-twenty, came in haste to the barracks of the Civil Guards in the nearest town, and said to the sentry— "I have come in great trepidation to inform you that my master has just been shot, and I have run here for fright. I don't know if he is killed or no, but several men came out of the olives and shot at us, and I made off." The Civil Guards, who are the very flower of Spain for their exertions in suppressing robberies and every sort of iniquity, and who hold an unequaled place for acumen, courage, and sobriety, are never off their guard, and rarely are deceived. Holding a middle place be- tween the civil and the military, acting in masses with the regular army, or, as civil police, in couples, they are the ter- ror of all evil-doors. The sentry collar- ed his informant, and pulled him in to the light. Look at his jaja, he said— "You were not very far off when your master was shot. Why I see specks of fresh blood upon you!" Two civil guards now accompanied the fellow to the spot, and there, in a pool of blood, lay his master, his head severed from his body, and a deep stab—not a gun- shot would—in his chest. They took the body into a little vent[-] hard by, and wrapped it up for transit to the town. Meanwhile the young murderer had calmly lit his cigarillo; in a few minutes he was dosing peacefully as a child close by the chairs where the body, dripping blood, was stretched out! By 12 A. M. next morning this fellow and his accomplice were in prison, and one had confessed his guilt. I walked down ot the prison, hearing that both were confined in the outer portion, and went up to the iron gate, whose wide, open bars admit air and light. The two men were there awaiting their trial; the one lay, wrapped in his heavy man- ta, fast asleep on the stone flags; the other, leaning unconcernedly against the gateway, had just received a cigaril- lo from the woman who loved him. President McMahon's Reception. President McMahon's first public reception at the Elysei is thus de- scribed: More than 7,000 invitations were sent out. The distinguished foreigners present in Paris snatched the invita- tions out of one another's hands, and I  have heard of a single representative accredited to France who sent in a list of 300 persons he wanted to get invited. More than 4,000 persons accepted the invitations sent out. No one can form an idea of what can be consumed by 4,000 persons, for whom the sideboard has attractions against which they deem it is useless to struggle. An approxi- mate idea may be formed of it by re- flecting that about 1,200 bottles of champagne and claret were drunk, which makes about 12,000 glasses, an that, consequently, each person pres- ent drank three. But it is fair to say that, out of 4,000 persons, one-half never touch anything, and that of the other half there is always one which absorbs double as much as the other. So we may conclude that of 4,000 guests present about 1,000 drank on an average eight glasses of champagne and claret each, and ate proportionally of the cakes, ices, syrups, sandwiches, cold meat, iced coffee, &c.; and it will be understood that people who turn their evening to such advantage, are particularly desirious of remaining on the invitation list. Truly, when we think of the smallness of the appanage given by the Assembly to the Marshal, we cannot but admire the disinterested- ness with which the President has pro- ceeded in offering the Parisians a fete, which will bear comparison with the best organized of the old Court. If we add to that the individual trouble taken by the Duke and Duchess of Magenta, for whom every guest was the object of benevolent solicitude, we shall under- stand that this first reunion in a conn- try where everything is criticized has not met with a single detractor. Important to Those Who Draw Notes. A man drew a note promising to pay one hundred dollars. He used a printed form, and did not close up the blank devoted to dollars, and after passing as negotiable paper somebody inserted "and fifty" after the one hundred and before the printed dollars. The note thus altered, got into the  hands of an innocent party, who pre- sented it to the drawer, and the Su- preme Court decided that the maker of the note was liable for its face, because through negligence he did not draw a line between the written word "hun- dred" and the printed word "dollars." Any testimony that the drawer might offer to establish the fact that he gave a note for one hundred dollars must go for nothing, as "there was nothing on the face of the note showing that it had been altered." Evidence of an altera- tion on the face of the note would have changed the case. Let this be a lesson to all drawers of promissory notes. No one can be too careful in such matters. QUEER PRACTICAL JOKE.—A man, in Paris, pretending to be a police in- spector, lately obtained the arrest of a wine merchant and several of his cus- tomers. The soi-disant inspector hav- ing suddenly disapperared, it became necessary to release the captives, and the police agent, who had been de- ceived into a hasty step which his superiors apeared to regard tiwh no little displeasure, naturally took great pains to discover the person who had imposed upon him. He soon succeeded in his search, when the offender, being called to account for this practical joke, stated that, having had several warm arguments with the wine merchant's customers, he could think of no better means of retaliation than the stratagem he had so successfully carried out.  California hotel-keepers, oft deceived but ever trusting, are to be consoled by the passage of a bill making it a misde- meanor for a person to obtain board or lodgings under false pretences. [next column] Phases of a Ruined Life. How a Farmer's Boy Became a Million- aire but is now a Convict. In a small town in Iowa, thirteen years ago, there lived a rich and pros- perous merchant—one widely known and universally respected. He was one of our modern types of the self-made man. As a farmer-boy he had sought a place in the village as clerk in a "country store." In three years he became partner and in five sole propri- etor. The town grew and his business grew with it. Profits were large in those rapidly growing Western towns, and even then supply scarcely equaled demand. With a good beginning in the world, and a keen eye, unbounded energy, and a fund of good nature, so necessary to the business man, to de- velop this beginning, with few wants and a simple solid trust to the founda- tion of experience, success was certain. The war came; it was to his business but a new lever. He was largely en- gaged in dry groods; we all known how they went up. He saw the advantage; he had nerve, and went in largely. His bills at this time with Claflin & Co. were enormous. He was well knwon in New York, and called perfectly good.  It was the golden age with him. In the back room of his store he had whole cords of sheeting and calico which  were worth 800 per cent more than they had cost. It would not have been surprising if such monstrous fortune had a marked ffect upon the mind [--] this simple, straightforward business man; if he had felt the secure foundation of ex- perience less necessary; if he had seen new horizons opening up greater possi- bilities in the future; if he had planned napoleonic schemes of commerce in a wider field. It is not known that he had these dreams; what we do know is that his good judgment becamse unr liable and played him false; that dur- ing the ensuing five years he lost money nearly as fast as he had made it; that he finally sold out and came to New York with a saved remnant of his im- mense fortune, but with unbounded ambition and the utmost confidence in his own abilities. Benoni Howard was one of the few business men whose honesty and liber- ality during a long career were never by any human being doubted. He al- ways paid everything that was demanded of him, and with interest. This was with him a mania. It extended beyond the pale of his business into his moral life. He had something of the Indian in his nature, for he never forgot a favor nor forgave an injury. "I'll be even with you yet" was his favorite re- mark, uttered in his quiet, determined way, and those who knew him best  looked to themselves when he made that remark. The subsequent history of this man is the story of a single act and its results—an act of resentment. It was this fatal quality, resentment, which was the shoal on which his life was wrecked.  In 1865 [---] Howard became pro- prietor of the immense establishment known as the New York Match Com- pany. The business carried on here was something enormous. He bought of the Government no less than seven hundred thousand dollars' worth of revenue stamps. The Government allowed him a certain percentage on these drawbacks. A misunderstanding occurred here, the Government, accord- ing to his figuring, now allowing him what the contract required. He felt that he was an injured man; he applied strong language to the Government offi- cials and was promptly snubbed. "The Government has cheated me; I'll be even with them yet," he said as he walked away. The enemy, however, was too strong for him. The Government watched him, and found that he did not buy as many stamps as he used, and they sud- denly made a descent upon him, shut up his factory, broke up his business, and threw him upon the world a ruined man. Unstamped boxes of his matches had been found in the market, ant it was upon this fact that the action was taken. Nothing more serious was sus- pected unti la year later, when a fisher- man in the East River found buried in the mud, and covered with wax and verdigris, a copper plate for printing revenue stamps, and bearing the name of Benoni Howard. Howard made des- perate efforts to get that plate from the unsuspecting fisherman, but the detec- tives were too quick for him, and out- bid him for the fatal piece of copper bearing the name of the ruined match manufacturer. He was not the only man involved, however; there was another man who trembled when he learned that this plate was in the hands of the police. That man was the engraver who had made it. He did what other frightened men do with the strong instinct of self- preservation—he betrayed his partner, made a clean breatst of it, and hope- lessly implicated Howard as a counter- feiter. He was tried, and the jury dis agreed. Hundreds were ready to come forward and testify to his good char- acter—that of the engraver was ques- tionable—and the evidence, though morally overwhelming, was not legally sufficient. Last summer, a man from the States came to the town of New Liverpool in the province of Quebec. He was ac- companied by his wife, as if his stay was to be permanent, and he engaged his ervices toa merchant at a salary of $1,500 a year. He was a man of forty-five, and had a crushed, too quiet air, and a close observer of human na- ture might have noticed the nervous, scared look in the face of his poor wife, and nder his own forced calmness a dull terror, an unrest, the heart of a man "hunted down." His nights were troubled, for it was said by the neigh- bors that the unhappy wife would often awake from her dreams with screams and tears. It was her woman's pro- phetic fears only too soon to be re- alized; it was her husband, Benoni Howard, the counterfeiter, who has been sentenced to five years' hard labor in the penitentiary. Arresting Decay. Various plans for arresting decay in potatoes after digging have from time to time been made public, such as dust- ing with quick lime, gypsum, charcoal dust, etc. Prof. Church, of Cirences- ter, England, the eminent agricultural chemist, announces that sulphite of lime appears to exercise a very remark- able influence in arresting the spread of decay in potatoes affected by the potato disease. In one experiment the salt was dusted over some tubers, par- tially decayed from this cause, as they were being stowed away. Some months afterward the potatoes were found to have suffered no further injury. A similar trial with powdered lime proved to be much less effective. [next column] Spoiled Children. She was a pretty little girl—that last spoiled child whom we met in the horse-cars—and her appearance attrac- ted general attention; but no one look- at her long. Mamma was trying to persuade her that a tiny white-lined muff was not the place for molasses candy; and that the impress of sticky little fingers did not improve the ap- pearance of azure ribbon; and that muddy do[-]s of feet ought not to rest on mamma's new silk dress. But mamma had the worst of the argument, appar- ently, for the little one successfully tried each experiment, and then scream- ed lustily because a prim old lady in the next seat protested against repeated encroachment on her territory, and tartly recommended the blushing mam- ma to "whip that child." Conductor looked fierce, as though he fain would have deposited shrieking Miss Tempests on teh sidewalk, and only kept his tem- per by an effort; but mamma, deaf and blind to everything earthly save the woe of her darling, expended ten min- utes in bribing her to keep the peace, a result only accomplished at last by the transfer of a trinket from her own watch-chain to the cord holding the girl's muff in place—a trinket which probably rewarded the conductor for his patience, afterward, as it fell, un- heeded, to the floor of the car, to be trodden under foot, directly the pleas- ure of possession became palled. And this is only one of so many instances! Everywhere we go, there we meet spoiled children. At the hotel, mater- familias and her half-dozen little ones file in to the breakfast-table, where, with clamor and outcry and consider- able pushing and pulling, the latter are accommodated with seats. THen ensues what may be described as an intermit- tent skirmish. Lottie reaching for butter and upsetting Kate's coffee-cup (everyone of the brood drinks coffee and devours pickles), and John dip- ping his bread into the gravy, or screaming like a savage because his mother intercepts him on the way and prevents the act. "My children are so spoiled," the poor thing remarks , with a manner half proud and half depreca- ting, and the sufferers whose comfort they have wrecked have no difficulty in believing her. Society should be protected from these youthful barbari- ans. It is an unpardonable thing in parents to let children grow up ignorant of the common rules of society, and painfully awkward and rude. For their own sakes, as well as those of others, we entreat mothers to notice how the little ones behave at the table—in the cars, in church—in short, at every place where they are brought in contact with their elders; then will they be- come popular members of society at large, and not till then. Purity of Character. Over the beauty of the plum and apricot there grows a bloom and beauty more exquisite than the fruit itself; a soft delicate flush that overspreads its blushing cheek. Now, if you strike your hand over tha, and it is once gone, it is gone forever, for it never grows but once. The flower that grows in the morning, impearled with dew— arrayed with jewels—once shake it, so that the heads roll off, and you may sprinkle water on it as you please, yet it can never be made again as it was when the dews fell lightly on it from heaven. On a frosty morning you may see the panes of glass covered with landscapes, mountains, lakes and trees, blended into a beautiful fantastic pic- ture. Now lay your hands upon the glass, and by the scratch of your finger, or by the warmth of your palm, all the delicate tracery will be obliterated. So there is in youth a beauty and purity of character which when once touched and defiled can never be restored; a fringe more delicate than frostwork, and which torn and broke can never be re-embroidered. A man who has spotted and soiled his garments in youth, though he may seek to make them white again, can never wholly do it, even were he to wash them with his tears. When a young man leaves his father's house with the blessing of his mother's tears still wet upon his fore- head, if he at once loses that purity of characcter it is a loss that he can never make whole again. Such is the conse- quence of crime. Its effect can only be eradicated it can only be forgiven —Beecher. About Monuments. Henry Keep's widow has recently married Judge Shelley, of Georgia. Henry Keep will be remembered as the nabob of the New York Central Rail- road. Mr. Keep died some four years ago. Mrs. K. ordered a $100,000 monu- ment from Italy for her husband's grave in the Watertown, N. Y., cemetery. A remarkable feature of the monument is thus described: "At its base is a room several feet square, endlosed in glass and [page folded and text covered] tomb, are the life-size figures of Mrs. Keep and daughter, carved in the mar- ble, each being an exact likeness of the original. Mrs. Keep was the daughter of the late Norris M. Woodruff, of Watertown. Mr. W., from the small beginning of tin ware peddler, came to be a very rich man. He designed his own monument, and it stands in the same rural cemetery with his son-in-law Keep's. Mr. Woodruff's monument is a very expensive one, and is surmounted with a full llength statue of Christ. Hot Sand Baths. One of the most attractive therapeu- tical novelties for some time past in London—recently introduced from the continent—consists in the erection of establishments for administering hot sand baths as a remedy for rheumatism, recent cases of nervous disorders, af- fections of the kidneys, and all cases where heat is needed as the chief reme- dial agent. The advantages claimed in behalf of this method of treatment are, that it does not suppress respira- tionlike the hot water bath, but rather increases it, and does not interfere with the respiration after the manner of the steam bath or Turkish bath. It is found that the body can endure the influence of this kind of bath for a much longer time, and a much higher temperature can be applied. APPRENTICES.—Mr. Shearman intro- duced a bill into the New York State Legislature which provides that it shall not be lawful for any person in this State either to emply in the art or mystery of any craft or trade, or to take as an apprentice therein, any minor per- son, without first having obtained the consent of such minor person's legal guardian, and that no minor be taken as an apprentice unless an agreement or indenture be drawn up in writing. [next column] Items of Interest. An Albany woman applied for a di- vorce nine years ago and just got it the other day. The Governor of Iowa recommends a law exempting capital employed in manufacturing enterprises from tax- ation. A hotel waiter in Troy has turned  out to be a Count in disguise. He wanted  some one to love him for himself alone. One thing, said an old toper, was never seen coming through the rye, and that's the kind of whisky one gets now- a-days. The Christian Union has decided, once for all, that "no man who uses seven story words can take rank in liter- ature." A Philadelphia gentlemen advertises a soap that is destined to wipe out the national debt. There is probably some "lye" about it.  A Green Bay paper says that a widower with a clean shirt on can marry in that town within three hours. Green Bay is northeast of Detroit— boats leave in May. A member of Congress suggests that as a means of preventing useless de- bates, the cost of printing the speeches be deducted from their salaries. That is not so bad.  "Well, Bridget, if I engage you, I shall want you to stay at home when- ever I shall wish to go out." "Well, ma'am, I have no objections, providin' you do the same when I wish to go out." The tail has at last been found that wags the dog. Some forty citizens of Melrose, Mass., have signed a petition to the letislature asking that Boston may be annexed to that pleasant vil- lage. Few persons have any idea of the ex- tent of the coal fields of Iowa. The State Geologist estimates them to em- brace 7,000 square miles, or more than the area of the entire State of Massa- chusetts. Statistics show that the larger part of crime in England committed by men is committed by young persons between 20 and 30 years old, and of the crime committed by females the greater share is committed by persons between 30 and  40 years of age. "Dress," remarks a wise man, "so that no one will remmber what you have  on." Excellent advice; and we may add to it for the benefit of the average lady at the usual evening party, "Dress so that no one will remember what you don't have on." Hiram B. Coffin, of Massachussetts, very properly interests himself in death statistics, and he finds that a "gentle- man" lives, on an average, sixty-eight years, a judge sixty-five, a carpenter forty-nine, a painter forty-three, and a factory operator thirty-two. It is not work that kills men, it's ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33A_F2_I3_p001.jpg) Gen. T. L Kane The M'Kean County Miner. H. F. BARBOUR, EDITOR AND PUBLISHER. DEVOTED TO HOME INTERESTS, LITERATURE AND GENERAL INTELLIGENCE. $2.00 A YEAR, IN ADVANCE. VOL. XI. SMETHPORT, M’KEAN COUNTY, PA., THURSDAY, FEBRUARY 19, 1874. NO. 17. Over the Wall. She is my neighbor, and over the wall, As I sit silently sipping my wine, Often at evening I hear her call Her little King Charles, the same name as mine. Under the wall, both hers and mine, Whisp’ring, I answered, “ I’m here, love, here!” Kissing the branches whose tendrils twine Over the wall to touch my dear. Only a voice—but with such a tone! Only a dog that she bids to her feet. Only a fool, that is list’ning alone— List’ning alone in his retreat. A MOTHER OF GOVERNORS. The settlement of this continent by Europeans brought out phases of life which never occurred before, and can hardly exist again. Many a pleasing romance has sunk from our view in the waters of oblivion; only here and there, like Ararats above the flood, brief pas- sages, startling in their suggestiveness, are still occasionally to be lighted upon by the brooding doves of the imagina- tion. In this simple sketch I propose to relate some passages in the life of a personage who played an important part in our early history. Whatever of that life is covered I shall not pretend to reveal; but the imaginative reader has full liberty to reconstruct from the facts here made known what must have been a remarkable career. It was in 1723 that a ship laden with merchandise, and bearing also a goodly number of emigrants, left Cork, in Ire- land, for the shores of New England. Though a continent was to be settled, emigrants were not so numerous as at present; yet, among those who came, Ireland, then as now, furnished its pro- portionate share; and in general they were a class equal to the best who have sought our shores from the Green Isle [tear in page] years. Wandering lonely among the gossip- ing groups on deck was a man of supe- rior appearance to the others, both in manner and figure. He held no con- versation with any, further than brief but courteous replies to some question or remark concerning the voyage, the rare sight of a sea-bird in mid-ocean, or the wide, the vast, the awe-inspiring sea itself, beating unceasingly yeasty waves along the curving bows of the sturdy vessel. His dress, his carriage, his preoccupied look, forbade famili- arity, while his entire unacquaintance with the other passengers indicated that the voyage had been undertaken for some pressing purpose and in much sorrow. It will not be foreign to our subject if we delay the narrative a moment longer to relate his painful story. He was a member of an ancient and worthy family of the Irish gentry, a native of Limerick, whither he had been recalled from his studies on the continent a few years before. Left alone by her other sons, who had joined the armies in one country or another, his widowed mother desired that John, who was more given to study and quiet than the others, should remain with her at home until, at least, the present commotion had passed. But children always will be doing something not ap- proved by the parent; so John, not to be an exception, fell in love with a young woman somewhat below his rank, and, honorable man, as he was, desired to marry her. His mother was so bitterly opposed to the match that she not only refused her consent, but declared that if he married the girl he should never have any portion of the estate. This threat, if persisted in, would effectually prevent the marriage, as the girl’s relations would not consent to her union with a penniless man. Neither were the lovers able of them- selves to commence life without the aid of their families; for he had not been trained to any profession or occupation, and he knew not how he could make even his own living. "Mother," re- plied he, with passion, "if you do not withdraw that threat and consent to my marriage with the lady of my choice, I will go where you shall never see me again." His mother persisted in her purpose. Pale and trembling, he besought her to take till to-morrow to consider. The next day the cruel woman repeated the threat. At the evening meal John was miss- ing; in the morning his bed was found to have been unoccupied; and from that day his native country saw him no more. Instead, however, of seeking surcease of sorrow in the world of spirits by an easy leap into the friendly waves of the Shannon, as others might have done, he projected himself upon the unknown regions in the present state of being; thereby showing that there was an un- extinguished spark of health within him still. With heavy sorrow at heart, it is not strange that he sat apart, wrapped in silent gloom, or paced the deck unre- gardful of the babble of the light heart- ed emigrants. Self-expatriated, with- out hope or interest in the future, and in the recent past a great pain which smothered all pleasant recollections, there could be nothing in common be- tween him and the moving forms who stared at him askance, save the usual matters of physical sustenance and com- fort; and even in these the conditions of his life had caused a wide difference of feeling. One person alone attracted his frequent attention, as her bright blue eye caught his own, or his ear was arrested by her cooing and prattling to the several babies on board, her musi- cal snatches of song, or her sweetly plaintive voice, when the loneliness of her situation, and the recollection of friends she had left behind, seized upon her thoughts. John had watched her with some in- terest, partly, perhaps, for her beauty, but chiefly for her peculiar relation or, rather, un-relation, to any on board. Seeming at first, like himself, a stranger to the others, she was soon mingling freely and familiarly with every family in the ship; yet he was unable, watch- ing with increased interest, to discover any relation or connection whatever, other than the most casual, between the girl and any family or individual in the vessel. She, also, marked his lone- liness, and seemed to be affected by his evident sorrow; and one day she bold- ly put herself in his way with some trifling question. Yet her demeanor was modest and in her eye, of the hue of the sky where it meets with the sea flashed forth no unholy gleam. Brown, hair, a clear complexion, with especial- ly rosy cheeks, and a graceful figure, made this girl of nine years more at- tractive to the beauty-loving eye than any other on board—though present- ing the attractions of more developed forms and conscious womanly feeling. A brief conversation showed that the girl was without a relation or friend on board. Surprised at this fact the young man inquired, half-earnest, half in sport: “ What can you expect to do by go- ing over to America?” “Do? why, raise governors for them,” was the instant, laughing an- swer. What could have induced the girl to have left home and friends with no bet- ter defined purpose than indicated by this reply was a mystery. She did not have the enthusiasm for the new coun- try needful to set even an adventurous boy upon so wild an enterprise as cross- ing the thousands of miles of sea, to reach a cold climate and an uncultured shore. Subsequent years, however, furnished a possible explanation of the mystery. During the remainder of the voyage there was a growing intimacy between the young man and the light- hearted girl, whose beauty attracted, and wit amused him, winning his mind from brooding so darkly over his woes. The vessel, from design or stress of weather, made port at York, in Maine. Here other strange facts were, de- veloped. The girl—whose name was Margaret Brown—had no means to pay for her passage, and it was necessary that some one should pay for her, or she would have to be indentured—sold to service for a sufficient time to reim- burse the person who should advance the passage money. This was accord- ing to a law existing and needful in those times; and through most of our colonial period there were many, both of black and white, held in temporary bondage. It was, of course, to be ex- pected that the young gentleman who had been so much entertained by the girl during the passage should wish to relieve her in this difficulty, and there was none else able or disposed to render such aid. But the young man was no better off than the girl, both were pen- niless. Both were therefore indentured to service to reimburse Mr. Nowell, the master of the vessel; the young man John being, if we may trust tradition— bound out to the town of Hampton, in New Hampshire, to teach school. Finding this situation unprofitable or unpleasant, he applied to Rev. Samuel Moody, of York, for aid, in a letter written, tradition says, in seven different languages. Why, he might have taken a professorship at Harvard College, only for this reason: he had been brought up a Roman Catholic. In reply he received from Mr. Moody a loan sufficient to set him free from the remainder of his indenture, and enable him to open a school at Berwick. Not long after he redeemed Margaret from service ; and he seems from this time to have adopted the girl as his child. The proceeding was not con- sidered at all improper, as she was now only ten, while he was thirty-two years of age. For eleven years this relation was continued, Margery living in the house of her foster-father, while he strove to kindle in her mind the love of learning, but without any great success. He must have had a stormy time of it, for Margery was earlyand long distinguished for her “ebullitions of temper.” Thus their lives went on, until a nicely dressed young gentleman, pass– ing by, near the house, observed the young lady drawing water from the school-master’s well. Admiring her beauty, he stopped and engaged her in conversation; and such a passion was at once developed in his breast that he then and there proposed marriage. Probably she referred him to her foster- father; for the young man immedi- ately proceeded to interview the school- master about a wedding in the family. Very likely the young lady had flirted mischievously with the young gallant— a performance to which we may believe her fully equal—from this description of her from an authentic source: “She was somewhat below the middle height, remarkable in her younger days for beauty and vanity, at all periods of her life for talents, and energy.” Yet it was very proper for her to be thinking about the selection of a beau, for she was now twenty-one years old. School-master John, after hearing the plea of Margery's suitor, sought his fos- ter-daughter in the kitchen. I am in- clined to the belief that she made some strangely exhilarating confession to the pedagogue; for he went back to the waiting gallant in high spirits, and showed the over-hasty lover out of the door with an intimation that further prosecution of his suit would be suit- ably resented. Yet there was really a wedding in that house shortly after, to which the hand- some Margery and the young peda- gogue were the chief parties. "Young pedagogue!" exclaims the reader, with emphasis. Aye, young, I reply ; for John Sul- livan lived over sixty-one years after this happy event. Here is a descrip- tion of his appearance at a much later date: "A tall, slender but athletic man, six feet in height, with dark hair, black eyes, and a florid complexion, very erect, and well proportioned." He lived in possession of his faculties and his physical strength to a remark- able degree, till he had reached his hundred and fifth year. It is recorded that he spoke and wrote both Latin and French fluently when even a hundred, and this Irishman never drank spirit- uous liquors. Was not School-master Sullivan a husband worth having? All their children were of more than usual ability; one of them being Gen. John Sullivan, of Revolutionary fame, and afterwards Governor of New Hamp- shire; and another, James Sullivan, the able lawyer of Woolwich, and, later, of Biddeford, who was twice elected Gov- ernor of Massachusetts, then including Maine, having previously occupied several other honorable positions. So little Irish Margery was, all un- known to herself, a real prophetess when on the sea, she uttered these strange words to a man in the prime of life—whose worldly prospects seemed to himself to be utterly destroyed. But, dear reader, I know no more why she left her home and set forth alone to a new and far away land than these facts reveal. Fixing the Fire. "Woggles, my dear, would you at- tend to the fire?" The voice is low and sweet, but there is no reply. "Woggles, the fire is very low!" Voice not quite so sweet; still silence reigns. "See here, Woggles, if you don't at- tend to that fire it will be out!" Great firmness and rising inflection of the voice. Woggles rises, too, lays down his book with the calmness of despair, and goes out for a chunk. Selecting one with a view to being let alone the rest of the evening, he returns to the sitting-room, and, with the rocking- chair tidy, removes the cover of the stove, calmly ignoring the remark from Mrs. Woggles that he "might know that that stick is too big!” Carefully balancing it on the top of the stove, he bends forward and peers down into the fiery depths, mentally calculating to put it in big end first; but, as the smoke ascends, he forgets the balance and misses his calculations, for the stick plunges in small end first. Mrs. Woggles was sitting behind him, and, of course, he wouldn't look around, but he saw her face in the mirror over the mantle, and that smile nerved his arm. First he tried to get it down so the cover would go on. He pounded and shook to make it drop, but the more he pounded the less inclined it seemed to move. He tugged and wrestled to turn it, but when he paused to cough and rub his streaming eyes there was no perceptible difference in its position. Another seraphic smile beamed on him from the mirror, and then began the struggle to get it out. Grasping it about midway on both sides Mr. Woggles raised himself on tip-toe and pulled, but soon concluded that the force must be applied underneath. Now the chunk was suspended several inches above the bed of the coals, and Woggles saw at once that there was room for his hand, which he inserted, intending with one good tug to unsettle the obstinate thing; but he didn't, and as he rubbed the leg of his pants with the smarting member he audibly won- dered "who'd have thought it was so infernal hot?" "Any one but a born idiot," sweetly answered Mrs. Woggles, and the mirror reflected another smile. Then that "born idiot" put on his overcoat and banged the front door. A Strange Case. The Waite-Waller polygamy case is certainly the most singular that ever that ever came before the courts of Maine. Mr. Waller, Mrs. Holden, his sister, Mr. West, a brother-in-law of Waller, and Waller's sister, Elizabeth, identified Mrs. Waite positively as old Waller's wife. His daughter Carrie, eleven years old, and son John, seven years old, testified that she was their mother. John H. Stiles, of Pictou, also identified her, and several witnesses swore to her identity, and photographs of her children were produced and proved to have been in her possession. The indictment in the case charges that Catharine Waller, alias Carrie M. Kent, alias Carrie M. Waite, on the 29th of May, 1862, married John Waller, at Pictou, Nova Scotia, and on the 24th of April, 1873, while her husband Waller was still living, no divorce hav- ing been granted to either party, and no separation of seven years having occurred, she was married in Portland to Edward F. Waite, feloniously, know- ingly and unlawfully committing the crime of polygamy. The defendant is about thirty years old, of slight figure and attractive appearance. She denies ever having seen Waller, who claims to be her husband. Also ever having known the five children who appeared as witnesses. During the entire trial Mrs. Waller-Waite has maintained the most perfect composure. The evidence is overwhelmingly against her, and if she is guilty, her acting is wonderful. Her last husband (Waite) still believes her innocent. How Herrings Feed. Herrings, as is well known, swim about in immense shoals, miles in length and breadth, coming to and from particular stretches of sea, in what seems a rather capricious manner. There have been several theories re- specting these migratory habits. One thing appears to be certain: they obey the instinct which leads them to favor- ite spots for feeding, and also for spawning. That instinct, however, is universal in fish. They do not go where there is a deficiency in their appropri- ate food. The Mediterranean, for ex- ample, has no fish worth speaking of, except the sardine. The reason is, that there being no recession of tides, and consequently no seaweeds to en- courage the growth of crustacea, as food for fishes, the water contains com- paratively little animal life. The food of the herring is believed to consist chiefly of minute crustaceans and floating infusoria, but small fishes are also de- voured. The quality of the herring is very various, and is evidently depend- ent on the nature of the feeding– ground. ROBBERY OF A FARM-HOUSE.—A bold and successful robbery was perpetrated at the house of Andrew Murray, an aged farmer, living in the town of Gailderland, N. Y., about eight miles from Albany, by four masked men, who bound Mr. Murray and his sister, the only occupants of the house, with cords, and then robbed the house. They stole a pair of valuable horses, which they harnessed to a sleigh, and then made good their escape. A Bear Stoy With a Moral. A man killed a bear and brought the meat to town to [-]ell. I asked him if it was good to [-]at. He said, cer- tainly it was, a[-]d cheap as dirt at twenty-five cents per pound. I asked him why bear meat should be any higher than any other meat. He told me bear meat had a peculiar effect on the human system; that those eat- ing it would partake for a time, not only of the meat, but of the nature of the animal ; that [-]ears were groat fel- lows to hug ; that if I was a married man I should buy some for my wife and get her to eat it for supper, and she would undoubt[--]ly hug me. Now my wife isn’t an angel, so I bought four pounds [hole in page] man a dollar—my last dollar, and he folded it up, rolled a paper around it and put it down in his pocket. Then he slap- ped his pocket to see if it was there. He then went on to say that sometimes when the bile wasn’t right the meat had the contrary effect, and made the woman growl; and sometimes in place of wanting to hug her husband she would want to hug the man that killed the bear. I told him that I didn’t like bear meat, and never did; that I felt sick; that I owed a man the dollar and he would sue me if I did not pay him right off. But he told me he had just paid his internal revenue tax and hadn’t a cent in the world. I thought then, and still think, that he must have told a lie. In fact, after thinking over the matter, I would not believe him under oath. Now, I am a poor man, and could not afford to throw the meat away, and so I took it home, and Mary Ann (that’s my wife’s name) cooked it, and we ate it for supper. It tasted good. I think bears and 'possums are made out of the same ti[hole in page] put up on different plans and s[---] ations. After supper we sat down by the stove. Mary Ann went to sewing, and I sat looking at her. Directly my bear meat began to take effect, and I felt like I wanted to hug Mary Ann. So I put my arm around her, and she told me to take it away, and wanted to know if I hadn’t been drinking again, (I never drank a drop in my life). I hugged her a little and she growled. I knew then the jig was up, and the bear meat had gone back on me in her case, but I thought I would try it again. Her arm flew back and I saw a thousand stars. This riled me my bear meat turned on me, and I slapped her square in the mouth. Well, I have confused remembrance of seeing her spring toward me, of hearing a frightful roar- ing in my head, and feeling a sensation as if I was being run through a thresh- ing machine, and then all was blank. I can see a little out of one eye this morning, and can set up in bed with a pil- low behind me. Mary Ann has gone out to buy some chairs. The servant girl says they all got broken. I feel sore and bad, and I don’t want any more bear meat in mine, and if ever I get hold of the man that sold it to me— well, you know how it is yourself. A Horrible Scene. The Sydney Empire publishes a nar- rative of a shocking occurrence which recently took place at Newcastle, New South Wales. Among other demonstra- tions, it says, to celebrate the abolition of the tonnage dues, there was a bonfire on Shepherd's Hill. The firemen, eager to make the affair as successful as pos- sible, poured kerosene oil upon the burning heap, but for some time this had simply the effect of creating a momentary blaze, which would subside as soon as the kerosene was consumed. Lewis Wood, a member of the brigade, then mounted the heap, took the can in his hands, and commenced pouring the oil on the fire. He was warned by some of the danger herein, but took no heed of what was said. Presently, an awful explosion took place. A dull sound, like the booming of a distant cannon, was heard, and an immense volume of flame[-] shot out among the crowd. When the shock was over, the unfortunate man Wood was seen rolling down the burning heap in a sheet of flame. The oil had apparently splashed over his clothes, and as he emerged from the heap he was a mass of fire. He struggled to his feet, and gained the open space, his cries of despair be- ing terrible. The flames had got such a complete hold of his oil-saturated uniform that the work of putting them out was next to impossible, and he sank to the ground exhausted. Some of the firemen took off their coats, and tried to beat the flames off, but they still clung to their unhappy victim, and it was not until he had been wrapped up in several of the large coats of the fire- men that the flames were subdued. His heavy uniform had protected the trunk of his body, and his helmet had also prevented the flames from reach- ing his head, but his face presented an awful sight to look at. He lingered, in indescribable agony, till Sunday after- noon, when death put an end to his suf- ferings. Water for Children. It is particularly with those who have been accustomed to water drinking, that it would show its good effects in after life. During the first nine months the infant is to be nourished by its mother's milk, which serves as food and drink; it is gradually accustomed to other sustenance during the period of weaning. After this is accomplished, however, the infant should have fresh water as well as milk. By water drinking in childhood and youth, the foundation of a durable stomach is laid, and thus a healthy body throughout life. The nervous and blood systems are over-excited by spices, beer, wine, chocolate, coffee, etc., and thus a constant artificial state of fever is maintained, and the process is so much accelerated by it, that chil- dren fed in this manner do not attain, perhaps, half the age ordained by na- ture. Besides this, experience has taught that they generally become pas- sionate and willful, having neither the will nor the power to make themselves or others happy. The Whisky War. Ohio Ladies Praying and Singing Down Rumseler--Retaliations and Injunc– tions. The women’s whisky war shows no signs of abatement, says a Cincinnati correspondent. At Franklin, Warren county, the siege of the saloons is kept up without intermission. On com- mencing their work for last week the ladies directed nearly all their efforts against one saloon, kept by a Mr. Web- ber. Bravely did they stick to their post from early dawn to late at night, watching and praying in front of the saloon—he would not allow them inside —from Monday until Saturday evening. Webber was summoned on Saturday afternoon to appear before a justice to answer the charge of selling to minors. He asked his case to be postponed until Tuesday, and started out to get bail, but when he returned and found that another charge had been made against him, and that they were ready to follow that one with still others, he came to time and signed the pledge never to engage in the business again in the place. The committee then presented the pledge to a Mr. Spader, who also signed. After signing the pledge Web- ber opened his doors and invited the ladies in, and they had a general prayer and praise meeting. None seemed to enjoy it much more than he did, shak- ing hands with the women who had prayed so fervently for him during the week, and he seemed happy that he had taken the step at last. Only two saloons and one drug store remain which have not complied with the conditions of the pledge. These, of course, will receive all possible attention now. At Hillsboro, Highland county, the eighty-three ladies who occupied the tabernacle in front of Dunn’s drug store have removed their shanty and sus– pended operations, on account of hav- ing been served with an injunction from Judge Safford. The following is an ex- tract from the injunction This is to command you and said above named defendants, each and all of you, from using for praying, singing, exhorting, or any other purpose, a certain plank and canvas structure or shanty erected on High street, in Hillsboro, or in front of the drug store of said W. H. H. Dunn. And it is further ordered that you, said defendants, are ordered to remove the said structure or shanty forthwith, and expand every part of the same, whether plank or can- vas, and you are each and all hereby restrained and enjoined from re-erecting or replacing the said structure or any similar structure in said locality, or upon said street, to the annoyance of the said W. H. H. Dunn. And it is further ordered that you, the said defendants, each and all of you, are hereby enjoined and restrained from singing, praying, exhorting, or making a noise and disturbance in front of said drug store of said W. H. H. Dunn or on the sidewalk or on the steps thereof, or in the vicinity thereof, to his annoyance, or from trespassing in or upon his said premises, or in any manner interrupting his said business, and this you will in no wise omit, under the penalty of the law. The injunction will soon be argued. Several prominent Cincinnati lawyers have offered their services to the ladies. The fight promises to be an extremely lively one. In connection with this Mr. Dunn has entered suit against the ladies for trespass and defamation of character, laying his damages at $10,000. When the injunction is dissolved the ladies propose to continue their work of love in prayer and song. In the meantime immense temperance meetings are being held in the churches. At London, Madison county, the tem- perance excitement is at fever heat. A petition to stop the liquor traffic in the town has received over 1,000 signatures. Crowded meetings, alternating between the churches, have been held every evening. The ladies have called on the druggists, and, without exception, they have signed the pledge and entered heartily upon the work. The dealers, of whom there are from twenty-five to thirty, have not yielded, though they are visited daily by from fifty to one hundred ladies. The feeling is becoming more intense every hour. Yesterday morning it was resolved to close all the business houses for one hour, from nine A. M., until victory is secured. At the tap of the bell, banks, stores, and shops are closed, and the people assemble for prayer. The morning meetings are had at the Presbyterian and the evening meetings at the Methodist Episcopal church. Strong symptons of a crusade have broken out in Logan, Hocking county; also at Cedarville, Greene county. At the latter place saloonists have struck their colors in anticipation of the trouble, and will move away. At Morrow, Warren county, at Jerold’s saloon, they were received kindly by Jerold and his wife, who entertained them and thanked them for the call. Mrs. Jerold joined in urging her hus- band to sell out. Another saloon keep- er called on was courteous, but says though he has banished strong liquors, he will continue to sell wine and beer. At Waynesville, Warren county, the war for total suppression is actively maintained. Three lawsuits have been begun by wives under the law. One grocery keeper has sold out to a tem- perance man. The women had a prayer meeting in Raper’s saloon. He received them moodily, but let them proceed without interruption. Hostilities have commenced at Mos- cow, Clermont county. The first meet- ing was held, at which sixty ladies were enrolled. The first visit was made next day at 11 o'clock A. M. Twenty-six ladies went to Winzel’s saloon; he took each name at the door in writing. When the ladies got inside they dis- covered that red pepper had been put on the stove and scattered on the floor. Those who sang were obliged to go out- side ; but several remained in and prayed, while the proprietor danced and made irreverent remarks. His wife and daughter ordered the ladies away, but were met with pious expostulation. In the afternoon the praying band went to Arns’ saloon. The greeting of the proprietor and his wife was polite, and both were moved to tears by the per- suasive talk of the visitors. The saloon- ist, however, would make no promise. At New Vienna, Clark county, the only saloonist holding out is Van Pelt; the guard over his house consists of eight or ten ladies, who are relieved every two hours. Van Pelt seems to enjoy their prolonged visits, and invites them warmly, and is treating them with every civility. This daily watching does not suit the customers, who object to having their names enrolled as fre- quenters. Van Pelt says he will not quit the business as long as he can raise money enough to buy a pint of rum, and the women say they will never raise the seige until they pray him out. The Army and the Indians. General Sherman was before the U. S. House Military Committee in relation to the army as connected with Indian affairs. He pointed out on the map a region of country in Texas, 200 miles in length by 100 in breadth, com- prising half a dozen organized counties, which, when [page is folded] years ago, was entirely depopulated, the inhabitants having had to abandon their homes on account of the constant incursions made upon them by Indians. He said he had been led to believe that these Indians were Comanches, but it was pretty well understood now that they were Kiowas, Cheyennes, and Arapahoes who raided out from Fort Sill Reservation, 800 miles off, pene- trating through the military posts and helping themselves to the horses and stock of their Texan friends, which they preferred doing rather than be at the trouble of raising them themselves. He gave a graphic account of his inter- view with the famous Kiowa chief Satanta, when he had Satanta, Santauk and Big Tree arrested, double ironed, and sent back to Texas to be tried for an attack upon a wagon train and the murder of twelve out of the seventeen teamsters that accompanied it, one of whose bodies was bound to a wagon wheel and burned. Santauk was killed in an attempt to [hole in page] two were tried, [hole in page] sentenced to be hanged. But the influence of the humanitarians had induced Governor Davis, of Texas, to commute the sen- tence of Satanta and Big Tree, and the same influences at Washington had finally restored them to freedom, and they are now on the reservation, ready to start out on more murderous raids. He reviewed the Modoc difficulties, and gave it as his opinion that General Canby had been a victim of the tem- porizing policy applied to the Indians. He favored the transfer of the Indians from the control of the Interior De- partment to that of the War Depart- ment, and expressed his conviction that the army was more kindly disposed to the Indians than the citizens generally were, and that if the country demanded extremely charitable treatment of the Indians it could be accomplished by and through the agency of the army better than by and through the agency of those persons who professed more charity than soldiers, but who did not practice it so much. The Trichinae Hogs. Mrs. Threnart, one of the sufferers by the trichinae in Aurora, Ind., by which half a dozen persons nearly lost their lives, had two pigs, which she was fat– tening in a pen in her garden for her own family use. During the summer these pigs were allowed to run in the streets for a short time, after which they were again kept in the pen. With- in a few days after they were penned up, one of them began to droop and re- fused to eat; the animal stood upon its legs as if unable or unwilling to move, and when forced to move it appeared to be very stiff and its muscles tense; breathing was somewhat difficult. With the assistance of her son and a neigh- bor Mrs. Threnart administered repeat- ed doses of sulphur and milk, and after three or four weeks the animal began to eat freely and gained in flesh, and when killed seemed to be healthy and in good condition. The other hog, which was in the same pen, remained perfectly well, and careful examination of his flesh did not reveal any traces of trichinae. These facts are interesting, as they show that a hog may be fatten- ed in the same pen and kept in close contact with one diseased with trichinae, without contracting the disease. They also show that hogs apparently healthy may be swarming with trichinae, making their meat poisonous. The flesh of the hog which poisoned the persons must have contained thousands of trichinae to every square inch. There is nothing in the appearance of the flesh of the diseased hog which the eye alone and unaided could detect, ex- cept, perhaps, that the meat had rather a lighter color, and some very minute grayish specks were perceptible to the eye. The fat parts looked healthy, and had the proper consistence. A Perilous Ride. A few nights ago there was an almost penniless tramp in Woonsocket who wanted to go to Providence, R. I. He applied to the conductor for a free passage, but was refused, and then offered the engineer a drink of whisky to allow him to ride upon the engine, but this was also refused. The fellow felt that his case was an urgent one, so he crawled under one of the cars, took position on the iron rod passing under it, and there, with his feet hanging nearly to the ground, his face within a few inches of the bottom of the car, and his hands grasping the rods for dear life, rode to Providence. Upon arriving at the depot he was nearly frozen and scarcely able to move. A Fatherly Coal Co. In Cannelton, Ind., where there are numerous coal mines, the coal com- panies offer inducements to miners to become property-owners, and the result has been, according to a local paper, that the miners take a real interest in the prosperity of the town, and avoid strikes as much as possible. Continued work has induced steadiness of habits, and in the 30 years during which coal mining has been carried on in the vicinity, the material prosperity of the town has been greatly increased, churches and school-houses have been built, and the relations between the coal companies and the miners made agreeable to the men. Facts and Fancies. Three Ashantee chiefs have been hanged for cowardice. Is the chiropodist’s work always com- plete because it in toto? Druggists are not inappropriately termed the “pillers” of society. Some one has discovered that a spoil- ed child is one who plays with kero- sene. McCarty, the Virginia duelist, helped his case by coming into court on crutches. Take care of your health and wife ; they are the two better halves that make a man of you. Here is the newest floral sentiment: "If you wish for heart’s ease, don’t look to mari-gold." [page is folded] talking about himself when you wish to talk about yourself. Dio Lewis says that people who use tobacco lose their buoyant spirits and become moody and peevish. A legal stone weighs fourteen pounds, or the eighth of a hundred, in England, and sixteen pounds in Holland. At the great fire in Yeddo, Japan, in December, one merchant lost 100,000 bales of silk, valued at $1,500,000. A grand inter-State exhibition for Minnesota, Wisconsin, and Illinois will be held at Dubuque in September next. It is affirmed that heating the water in which steel is to be tempered pre- vents the development of flaws and cracks. “How the U. P. has prevented the K. P. from discharging its obligations to the U. S.” is the head-line in a Kan- sas paper. Five women and a yoke of oxen pro- duced seven bales of cotton, and grain enough for home consumption and to sell, on a South Carolina plantation last year. One cause of coal-oil lamp explosions is said to be using too small wicks, by which a space is left at the edges for the communication of explosive ele- ments. The entire root of a very large tree was found in a perfect state of preser- vation in an Indiana coal mine, a few days since, at a great depth below the surface. Senator Sumner says : “There seems to me nothing in this wide world, either above or below it, that the ac- complished newspaper man will not find out.” A Dubuque young lady gave up the man she loved, and took the one her parents favored in consideration of the sum of three dollars and a sky-blue merino dress. Old Curmudgeon, who has always hated the small boy, expresses his grati- fication at the mildness of the winter. He expects much from the thinness of the ice this year. The whaling business is rapidly be- coming extinct in this country. The entire whaling fleet of the country numbers but 171 vessels, 30 vessels having been taken off during the year. According to the official account on exports, the value of telegraphic wires and apparatus forwarded from the Uni- ted Kingdom last year had increased to 2,359,563l. from only 405,318l. in the previous year. The cranberry growers of New Jersey have sent Queen Victoria two barrels of cranberries to eat with her turkey and venison, providing her also with a recipe for cooking and serving them in American style. A New Orleans paper boasts that their city can produce to the square yard more young men who part their hair in the middle, wear canes, and daily air themselves in front of bar rooms, than most cities of its size. Cod-liver oil has been used with suc- cess for fattening poultry by an exten- sive owner of feathered stock in one of the city suburbs. The grain given to the chickens is soaked in the oil, and the chickens like it. The Providence Press tells of a mar– ried couple who were passing a jewelry store the other day. Her attention was attracted by a "perfectly lovely" pair of ear-rings. Said she: "Oh Ned, go buy 'em!" And Ned went by 'em. A young German Prince, the cousin of Prince Louis of Hesse, recently lunched with Queen Victoria at Os borne. He is in the German naval ser- vice, and is a suitor for the hand of the Princess Beatrice, and, it is said, a suc- cessful one. The House Committee on Invalid Pensions has appointed a sub- ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33A_F2_I3_p002.jpg) The M’Kean Miner. H. F. BARBOUR, : : : : : EDITOR. THE MINER is published every Thursday, at Smethport, McKean County, Pa. It is the in- tention and the highest ambition of the Publisher to make THE MINER a first class local and family journal. Items of news from all parts of the County are respectfully solicited, and will be lib- erally paid for if desired. SUBSCRIBERS.—The regular subscription price of THE MINER is Two Dollars per annum. But here- after, and during the present management, par- ties paying their subscription in advance will be allowed a deduction of 25 per cent, upon the sub- scription price, when paid in cash. Subscribers will be duly notified of the expiration of their term of subscription. TO CONTRIBUTORS.—We cannot pay any atten- tion to anonymous communications; every article must be accompanied by the writer’s true name and address for our own security. We cannot possibly return rejected manuscript, which fact we desire to impress on all contributors. ADVERTISING TERMS.—Legal, Official and tran– sient advertising, per square—three times or less Two Dollars; each subsequent insertion, fifty cents. Local notices ten cents per line for one insertion ; five cents per line for each subsequent insertion. Obituary notices, over five lines, ten cents per line. Professional cards, five lines or less, per year, five dollars. Rates for display ad- [page is folded] [--]ished on application. THURSDAY, FEB. 19, 1874. A bill has been introduced in the Legislature to establish a penalty for issuing passes on railroads. It has been referred. —H. Bucher Swope, United States District Attorney for the Western District of Pennsylvania, died at his residence, near Pittsburgh, on Mon- day last. The Scranton Republican thinks Hon. M. Hall Stanton, of Philadel- phia, the best man yet named for the Republican nomination for the office of Lieutenant Governor, under the new State Constitution. We see it stated that Hon. Harry White, of Indiana county, refuses to accept the two thousand five hun- dred dollars attached to his salary as member of the Constitutional Convention, and has ordered the same to be covered into the State Treasury. Mr. White served in the State Senate while a member of the Convention, and declines to receive the salary of both. Wendell Phillips has his scheme of currency reform. He proposes that a currency for home use, and one of foreign trade be provided.— [page is folded] issue $1,200,000,000 in currency, loan it to the banks, and secure thus about one-third of the in- terest now being paid on the nation al debt. We have already, two forms of currency. Gold is used for international currency, and green- backs for national currency. Eng- land uses Bank of England notes for home currency, and gold for dealings with other countries. Whether the plan of loaning currency at a certain rate of interest will operate is anoth- er matter. Our New York Letter. A COUPLE OF SWINDLES—THE SOCIETY OF MURDERERS—POLITICAL—FASH- ION IN RELIGION—BUSINESS, ETC. NEW YORK Feb. 12, 1874. From our regular Correspondent. SWINDLES. Out of the million of people who make up the population of this great Babel, fully one hundred thousand live on the labor of others—that is to say, are thieves of one sort or an- other. The worst of these are the advertising thieves, for while they steal, they do it in such an ingenius way as to escape the penalties of the law. The history of one or two of them may not be uninteresting. "G. R. Murray & Co.," is a good name. Well, G. R. M. & Co. ad- vertise that they possess $1,500,000 of watches, pianos and jewelry, which they will "distribute" by lot at one dollar for each ticket. You are invited to send twenty-five cents to these benevolent gentlemen, re ceiving therefor a ticket which des- cribes the prize you are entitled to. You send your twenty-five cents and you do get a ticket like this: "Mercantile prize association. Certificate No. 22733. "This certificate when accompa- nied by one dollar, (and fifty cents for packing), entitles the holder to one Silver-Hunting Cased Watch, valued at $15 00. State how you wish it sent." Now send $1 50 and what happens. Nothing. You never hear of it again. And as these fellows get let- ters by the bushel, every one of which contains money, it is not diffi- cult to suppose that they live in clo- ver. Their office is, in one adver- tisement, in one place; in another, an- other, so that victims in search of them never find them. The police get after them, but they change their style so frequently that it is impossi- ble to catch them. The fellows who are to-day doing business over the name of G. R. Murray & Co., have within a year been known as the United States Tontine Association, of 23 Park Row. But ingenious as the gentle- men are the last two months has de- veloped a more GORGEOUS SCOUNDRELISM. The only expense attending these swindles is the advertising, and how to dodge them has been the ques- [end of column; start of new column] tion with them. Two of these thieves assumed the name of “Kirkwood & Beach, Advertising Agents,” and is- sued an order to the newspapers of the country, advertising a dozen or more of bogus articles, under a doz- en or more different names, the price of which was always to be sent by mail to the P. O. Box designated.— To seduce the publishers of the coun- try these villians boldly referred to A. T. Stewart, C. A. Dana, and Jas. Gordon Bennett, of New York, to M. Halsted, of Cincinnati and D. R. Locke of Cleveland. As their offer to the papers were liberal, and their references unexceptionable, hun dreds of papers published their ad- vertisements, and immediately cords of letters came to the different par- ties named, all of which Kirkwood & Beach took out of the Post Office and appropriated, as a matter of course. The newspapers publishing the ad- vertisements will never get a cent, and those who send money to the va- rious addresses will never get what they send for; in short the only peo- ple who get anything are the ingen- ius scoundrels who assume the firm name of Kirkwood & Beach. When will people learn wisdom? When people learn that a dollar is a dollar, and, when a man proposes to give two dollars for one, that he means a swindle and there is a swindle under it. May I impress on your readers this important maxim: Never send money to any person whom you do not know. Is it a medical piodigy? There is no physician in the great cities that know a particle more than do your own practitioners. Is it a piano, watch or diamond distribu- tion? These goods have a fixed val- ue in the market, and if any one has them there is no earthly use of mak- ing a sacrifice to dispose of them.— In short, a little common sense is all that is necessary to protect a person from these swindlers. Do, good peo- ple; who read these lines, use a little common sense and save your mon- [hole in page]. A CURIOUS SOCIETY It has been discovered that the up- per crust criminals in the tombs have organized a society for mutual de- fence. By upper crust I mean the big theives, the burglars, the forgers and murderers. They contribute so much each to a fund for defending each in his turn, and a fixed sum which goes to the family of the one convicted and sentenced. This is co-operation in a new direction. But why not? Crime is a regular trade with all the rules and regulations that other trades have. POLITICAL INCIDENTS. The Democracy of Brooklyn are made of the same material as their brethren in New York. At a prima- ry meeting in the Nineteenth Ward, a return was handed in signed by a man named Cunningham. A man at the end of the room cried out, "I don't believe Mr. Cunningham ever signed that return," whereupon Mr. Cunningham jumped to his feet and declared that he had signed it.— The voice from the room quickly re- torted, "Paddy Cunningham didn't sign it, he can't write his name; I have a document in my pocket to which his mark is affixed." At the meeting of the General Committee amusing incidents were related of rooms in which voting was being carried on, being cleared by force, and the ballot-boxes stuffed to suit the muscular majority. At the Nineteenth Ward primary the voting was brought to an abrupt termina- tion by cutting off the gas. Democ- racy is the same now that it always was. FASHION IN RELIGION. It is a noticeable fact that the churches of New York are almost bare of women twice each year—in the periods between Winter and Spring, and Autumn and Winter— when it's too cold for a summer bon- net and not cold enough for a winter head-covering. But religion is now being made fashionable. People are now invited to prayer-meetings pre- cisely as inqited to a social soiree or an evening party. A friend of mine gave me the following transcript of a card which he received:—"Mr. and Mrs.—proposes (D. V.) to hold a Bible reading, on—evening at 7 1/2 o'clock, when the company of friends is requested. Sebject—Rev- elations II. Reading from 7 1/2 to 9. Morning dress." I saw one sent to another friend which, as far as the body of it was concerned, might have applied to a dance or card party, but in the corner were the characters.— "T. and P." After a while he dis- covered that the cabalistic sign stood for Tea and Prayer. He went and reported. After tea Bibles were hand- ed round on a tray and religious ex- ercises were held. Curious world this. BUSINESS continues to improve. Collections, we are assured by one of our largest dry goods houses, are very much bet- ter this year than last. So far in this month of February, in the house referred to, the collections are at the rate of seven per cent better than in February, 1873. This result upon old obligations is certainly both favorable and hopeful. The fact is the panic of last fall had no reality in it. It had no bottom, and should have affected nothing. But men got frightened, and it took just so long a time for them to get over their fright. They are over it now and business goes on as usual. THE WEATHER is as changeable here as a fashion- able woman. In the morning zero —at noon 60—at night rain, and ice by midnight. You need overcoats, umbrellas, linnen dusters and fans to be perfectly safe when you go out. Oh! for an old-fashioned, cool win- ter. [end of column; start of new column] Local and Miscellaneous. Schedule of Train Time at Larrabee's. —o— TRAINS GOING NORTH— Night Express......................4:17 a m Through Mail..........................3:45 pm Local Freight......................6:45 a m TRAINS GOING SOUTH— Night Express........................7:15 pm Through Mail..........................11:23 a m Local Frieght.........................2:19 pm For $2,00, in Advance, WE WILL SEND WOOD'S HOUSE- HOLD MAGAZINE AND THE MINER FOR ONE YEAR TO ANY ADDRESS. Dentistry. Dr. L. M. Raub, will be in Smethport, Monday, March 2, 1874, to attend to all calls in his profession. Dr. Raub has had extensive experience in the practice of Dentistry covering a period of over seven- teen years. He refers for reference to Dr. S. D. Freeman, J. C. Backus Esq., D. C. Young, Wm. Haskell and others. He will be found at the Bennett House. ——— —The communication from Rev. F. W. Cook will probably appear next week. —N.W. Abbey or this place has the contract for building the new school house in this Borough. His bid was $5,650 —Rev. B. H. Carryer will again preach in the Baptist church next Sunday morn- ing at 10 1/2 o'clock. —When you see an old Showman on the make, dead beating it, go for him with a fork, and see if he is done. —Mr. Cole, of Cuba, will be in Smeth- Smethport on Thursday evening of next week to organize a musical convention. —Our friend Alfred, has moved his Barber Shop into the Union Block, over the Post Office where he he will always be found in readiness to attend to your wants. —George, of the bon ton had a little "set to" a few evenings since at billiards with a gentleman from Angelica, but owing to the "lipping in" of bystanders, George was not much on the "shoot." —Prof F. A. Green has moved into the Photograph Gallery in the rear of the Court House, and is now prepared to do all kinds of work in the picture line. Call on him, if you wish good pictures of yourself or child- ren: —Rev. Rusbridge will preach in Smeth- port next Sunday morning at 10 1/2 o'clock, and probably in the evening. Subject:— Church membership; its prerequisites, na- ture, and obligations. He will also hold service on that day at Norwich at 2 1/2 P. M. —There will be no Episcopal entertain- ment this week as the time will necessarily be otherwise occupied. The next, and last entertainment of the season will be at the residence of Judge Taylor, next week. The evening has not as yet been fixed upon. —S. W. Smith informs us that owing to unforseen circumstances he will not give public readings next week, but will, how- ever render before the Lyccum on the coming Saturday evening that universally popular selection "Shamus O'Brien, The Bold Boy of Glingail." A Tale of '98. —The editor, Mr. Barbour, being sick at Eldred, and a party of Grangers coming in- to and taking possession of this office, rather makes a difference with the usual amount of interesting reading matter and general appearance of this paper—and of course no one can be held responsible for any re- marks that may not perhaps meet the views of all our readers. Our town Tuesday was well represented it being the "great day" for politicians and office seekers; nearly every voter had a special candidate for some special of- fice, and the said candidate was himself, but we are informed that only sixteen offi- cers were elected in the township, while about one hundred disappointed candidates were defeated. THIS is to certify, that at an election held in the township of Keating, on the 17 inst., for the purpose of electing officers for said township, and it being an awfully trying thing for some of the candidates to pay the printer his share of the expense of printing tickets, hereafter any person ordering tick- ets will probably PAY for the same before distributing the said tickets to the four winds of—the earth. In testimony hereof all ye candidates can witness the seal. We mean business. L. S. Lyceum. The programme for next Saturday eve- ning is as follows: Select Reading—Miss Maggie Mullin, S. W. Smith. Five minute speeches—Mrs. Emma King, J. C. Backus, W. Y. McCoy. Essay—J. L. Rusbrige, Subject: "The art of conversation." Question for debate: RESOLVED, That inventions have a ten- dency to improve the condition of the la- boring classes. Disputants--D. R. Ham- ling, affirmative. J. W. Reilly, negative. —A UNION (in union there is STRENGTH!) caucus for nominating candidates for the several offices in our borough was held on Monday evening last, and a ticket gotten up that will do all that is in their power to keep our borough affairs running smoothly. The utmost harmony prevailed at the cau- cus, and most of the questions carried by "the unanimous." On motion of somebody, the caucus adjourned to convene again in March to ascertain whether the only ques- tion before the House was carried. SKELETON FOUND.—From an eye witness we learn that while a party of workmen who are now engaged in removing the ho- tel barn of the Astor House lot, to a farm on Marvin Creek belonging to Wm. Hask- ell, a huge skeleton was found, which to all appearances had been secreted for a num- ber of years. Probably a number of our citizens remember the singular disappear- ance of a person about four years ago, but as we have no authority to say more at the present time, we will wait until we have the evidence &c., before stating the facts of a most complete butchery in our quiet lit- tle town. [end of column; start of new column] —There is no truth in the report that Uncle John proposes to erect a new cheese factory this season. —Let jurors remember that they are liable to a fine should they not be in attendance at court next week. —We wonder if Charley Melvin intends getting that new padlock patented! —In saying that "Uncle" Tom Goodwin of Farmers' Valley, and "Bob" Lane of Bradford, know how to keep a hotel, we believe we but speak the sentiments of all who have ever patronized them. —Owing to so much of our time having been devoted to printing tickets for the elections, which oc- curred on Tuesday last, we are una- ble to give as much local and gen- eral news matter this week as we otherwise should. —It would be wicked to say the young ladies of this place did not take to flowers, judging from the inte[hole in page] take in the rose. To see a flower of this character in the winter is seldom, and it is not sur- prising that all admire it. —The efforts of both our friends Smith and Rose in the Lyceum last Saturday evening were worthy of encomiums. It stands the older de- baters in hand to look out for their laurels—or at least soon will should the Lyceum be made a permanent thing. —A monster wild cat, measuring six feet from "tip to tip" was caught at Hungerville on Tuesday last. If the animal is not released in time to take the first base, the captor should ever after be called a Hussey! It is an awkward way of getting at it, [hole in page]ut what we wanted to say is that we wish you much joy and hap- piness. —We have not space this week to publish the names of the officers elected in this Borough and Keating township last Tuesday. Suffice it to say that the entire borough ticket (it was a union one) was elected, as was the township ticket nomina- ted at the regular caucus on Friday night last, with the exception of school director, which was a tie— the vote being 55 for Curtis and 55 for Olds. —A span of horses belonging to Mr. [--], of Keating, ran away on Tuesday last. They started at Ha- kell's barn and ran against a wagon which stood in front of Brownell's store, in which were two sons of James Hacket. The boys were thrown out but escaped serious in- juries—both teams rushing down the street. The horses got entangled near Kerns' and stopped. Neither the teams nor wagons were badly injured. —We are informed by E.H. Bard, who visited Bradford a few days since, that the new oil well near Tarport had commenced flowing, much to the satisfaction of the share owners and the people of that entire section. The tubing was put down on Thursday last, and at about four o'clock in the afternoon of that day the workmen commenced pumping, which they continued to do until about seven o'clock next morning when it was ascertained that some forty-six barrels of oil had been pumped therefrom. This well is located about twenty rods from the Foster well, on the farm of Jones Buchanan. Its depth is about 1185 feet, and the rock from which the oil is extracted is undoubtedly the same as that of the well near by.— It is thought that this well will pro- duce from thirty to forty barrels a day, and when we say that the Fos- terwell now produces from fifteen to twenty barrels a day, what brighter prospects for future properity could our Bradford friends wish for? —All persons who aspire to beauty or personal appearance should not neglect that natural accecssory, the hair. By many it has been neglected until the hair has be- come thin, gray, or entirely fallen off.— Messrs. Hal & Co., Nashua, N.H., have produced an effectual remedy, called Sicil- ian Hair Remover, which cures all diseases of the scalp. This wonderful preparation acts upon the glands, which support and nourish the hair, restores gray hair to its original color, makes the scalp white and clean, removes and prevents the formation of dandruff and all cutaneous eruptions and by its tonic and nutritive properties, re- stores the scalp to a healthy state, and cre- ates a new growth. As a dressing it is un- surpassed, giving the hair that brilliancy so much admired by all.—[Boston Commer- cial. Petition To repeal an act entitled An Act appoint- ing commissioners to lay out and open a State Road from Ridgway, in Elk county, to the Borough of Kane, in McKean coun- ty, approved 6th April, 1867, and the sev- eral supplements thereto, so far as the same authorizes the assessment and levy of tax on property within the present limits of the township of Sergeant, McKean county. E.M. Howard, D.W. Howard, Casper Smith, D. Easterbrook. [ad.-[--] [end of column; start of new column] ED. MINER:—Spring is coming up this way, but business is distressingly dull, ex- cept of course with our friends who are beg-beg-begging for a watch and chain, silver lamp and gold-headed cane, the pro- ceeds of which, we are inclined to think, are to be applied to purchase a library for the Kane [-]abbath school; which in other words means the new Protestant church. Will people never learn to call things by their right names? Some people, when shown the evidence, shut their mental eyes and then deny the probabilities of any such trick. We are in troubled waters, and are looking out for breakers ahead. Oh! how potent. William, you rely solely on your own imagination for the facts, and inas- much as there is a ruinous flaw in the for- mer, the precise value of the latter may be easily inferred. However, it is ever thus that truth and unselfish emulation become the targets of contumely reproach, and there is no prophet without honor save in his own town. Even when the waters are calm, and no gritty Methodist to make us afraid I venture the opinion that the con- cert will be a success, and a very pleasant affair, full of interest; the refreshments ex- cellent, and the management most admira- ble. The music which is to be furnished by the Warren Orchestra I know cannot be excelled. I dropped into the boot and shoe store of George Welker the other day, and found him as snug as a clam in his elegant and well filled room. He is full of pluck, en- ergy and force, and if you want a neat fit- ting boot or shoe, a finer stock to select from cannot be found in the county, or a NODDER man who sells as cheap, and threa- tened to advertise in the Miner, it it was not for that poke-your-nose into every- body's pie. JOSH. Kane, Pa, Feb'y 14, 1873. __________________ Harrisburg, Feb 12, 1874. ED. MINER:—Legislation still drags its slow length along. Thus far only two bills have passed this Legislature: the election bill and one in regard to local legislation. both have been signed by the Governor. The local Legislation Bill I herewith en- close you so that you can publish if desir- able. It takes now, under the new order of things, nearly or quite two weeks to pass a bill, and longer if there are any amendments, as the amendments have to be all printed and appear in the original bill before it can pass. And now mark my prediction—when the House shall have its two hundred members and the Senate fifty, it will be the most unwieldy body now ex- tant. It will take all winter to pass a half dozen bills, and in a very few years it will require the whole entire season for a ses- sion. The "Senatorial appointment commit- tee" have not as yet reported. The dis- tricts, however, are all blocked out, and when the matter comes up, there is going to be a bitter fight over it. Our district will not be materially changed. Petitions are pouring in for the repeal of the local option law, and the attorney Gen- eral, upon request, has decided that an act to repeal would be legal and binding. My opinion is that it will be repealed. C.K. _______ The following letter written by a student of Baxter's University, Friendship, N.Y., to a friend, we publish by reqest: Last Wednesday and Thursday were "Classification Days" and we had an excel- lent time, both days yet the last was the best. After the regular exercises closed, Prof. Baxter left the room and went to his office and the scholards and teachers then brought out a life-size painting of the Pro- fessor which we had secreted in one of the rooms (while he was around) and hung it up, covered with a cloth. Then one of the teachers brought him into the room, stop- ping immediately in front of the picture. He modestly asked to know what he had done to be thus brought up? when one of the students drew off the covering and another presented the picture. The old gentleman was much affected as his trembling lips in- dicated. He could hardly speak, and near- ly all the students had what the Professor calls "jewels" in their eyes. The painting is worth $25 and the frame cost ten or twelve dollars. C.O. Foster. ______________________ MR EDITOR:—The meetings here con- ducted by Rev. Peck are increasing in in- terest every evening. Since you were up here they have been held every evening. Some of our most influential and best man are being personally interested and bene- fitted. Last evening there were seven mental forward for prayers. The church is full every evening, whether stormy or pleasant. There does not seem to be any undue ex- citement in the meetings for everything is very quiet but solemn. Twenty-five per- sons profess to have been personally bene- fitted. One who attends. Annin Creek, Feb. 12, 1874. ______________________ —It is to be hoped that no lover of mu- sic, or fun, will fail to be at the Old Folks' Concert on Tuesday evening of next week. They have not only brought into requisi- tion the musical talent at home, but they have also secured the services of a "prima- donna" and violinist from a distance. —Court commences next Monday. We are always happy to receive callers. _____________________________ Notice. Seated Assessments of McKean County for the year 1874. ANNIN Tp...................$29,162 BRADFORD Tp................60,531 BRADFORD Boro..............15,689 CERES Tp...................47,519 CORYDON Tp.................21,813 ELDRED Tp..................44,165 HAMLIN Tp..................6,870 HAMILTON Tp................11,293 KEATING Tp.................66,821 LAFAYETTE Tp...............21,378 LIBERTY Tp.................60,880 NORWICH Tp.................17,434 OTTO Tp....................12,174 SERGEANT Tp................11,552 SMETHPORT Boro.............104,232 WETMORE Tp.................40,716 The County Tax will be at the rate of ten mills on the dollar valuation. An ap- peal will be held at the Commissioner's Office, in Smethport, on Monday, March 2, 1874. By order of Co. Comm'rs. J.R. CHADWICK, Clerk GREAT CONCERTE TO BE ATTENDED AT Ye COURT HOUSE, wh is sette down on ye publick square, on Maine streete, in ye towne of Smethport, on ye 24th day of February, in ye yere of our Lord eighteen hundred and seventy-four. All ye money wh is payed in for this entertaynment is to go to paye ye Episcopal Parson. A LYSTE OF MUSICK. VIOLINERS:—Hezekiah Cartwright, Eliachim Prandy. ORGANERS:—Polly Basset(She that was a Prim,) Experience Billings. WOMEN SINGERS:—Deliverance Higgins, Mistress Jerusha Cooper, (She that was a Rumpus.) MEN SINGERS:—Intrepid Barebones, Zenas Holdenbough, Bartlett Coffin, and certain other men and women folks. [small section split in two columns] Ye Firste Parte. 1. Auld Lang Zyne: All ye men and women singers. 2. Invitation: All ye men and wo- men singers. 3. Worldly Songe: Intrepid Bare- bones. 4. Organ Tune: Polly Basset. 5. New Jerusalem: All ye men and women singers. 6. Four Parte Tune: Deliverance Higgins, Intrepid Barebones, Polly Eliachim. 7. Market Square: All ye men and women singers. 8. One Parte Tune: Polly Basset. 9. Sherbourne: All ye men and wo- men singers. N.B.—Forasmuche as ye younge women who singe are shamefaste, ye younge menne are desired to loke awaie from them whenne that singe. [start of small second column] Ye Second Parte. 1. Zion: All ye men and women singers. 2. Dost thou love me, Sister Ruth: In trepid Barebones, Polly Bassett 3. Russia: All ye men and women singers. 4. One Parte Time: Polly Bassett 5. Easter Anthem: All ye men and women singers. 6. Four Parte Tune: Deliverance, Polly, Hezekiah, Eliachim. 7. Two Parte Tune: Intrepid Bare- bones, Eliachim Prandy. 8. Organ Tune: Experience Billings, 9. Coronation: All ye men and wo men singers. N.B.—All those wh are so much blessed as to have goode lunges and religious training, are expected to stand up and help sing ye last hymne. [end of two columns] TIME-BEATER:—Praiseworthy Mitchell. __________________________________ YOU WILL SAVE MONEY By buying your clothing of M. LEVY, OLEAN, N.Y., [rotated clockwise:] PORT ALLEGHANY, ------------- I have now received an immense stock of WINTER CLOTHING bought under the recent panic prices, and can offer at such prices that it will pay parties to come here for anything in that line. Fall and Winter Overcoats, Business Suits, Fine Dress Suits, AND A LARGE VARIETY OF BOY'S CLOTHING I keep the largest stock in Western New York and Northern Penn- sylvania, and can sell goods as low as they can be bought in any city. CALL AT MY STORE AND YOU WILL ALWAYS FIND GOOD GOODS AND FAIR DEALING. M. Levy, {Olean, N.Y. (Korns' Old Stand.) {Port Allegheny, Pa, Empire Block. ___________________________________ [Two sections split up in small columns] School House Letting. Sealed proposals will be received by the Board of School Directors of the Smethport School District until Saturday, Feb. 14th, 1874, at 12 o'clock noon. Good bail for performance of contract will be re- quired. Proposals will be addressed to Hon. W.S. Brownell, President of the Board Specifications and plan can be seen with Ira. S. Cleason. The building is to be 56 feet wide, by 70 long, with 36 foot posts. By order of the Board. P. Ford, Secy. Smethport, Pa., Jan'y. 27, 1871 ___________________________________________ Administrator's Notice. ______________________ THE UNDERSIGNED, HAVING BEEN AP- pointed Administrator of the goods and chattels rights and credits which were of NELSON PARKER, deceased, late of the firm of PARKER & MELVIN, of the boro of Bradford, county of McKean, and a resident of Limestone, Cattaraugus County, State of New York hereby notifies all persons having claims against the said Nelson Parker, deceased, to present the same, properly authenticated, at my office in Bradford boro' aforesaid. And all know- ing themselves indebted to said Nelson Parker, de- ceased, are notified that unless their accounts are forthwith settled and adjusted, they will be placed in the hands of my attornies for collection. ENOS PARSONS, Administrator. Bradford, Pa., Feb. 5, 1874.—6t __________________________________ OLEAN AO. __________________________________ HERMAN SCHUETZ, OLEAN, N.Y., Practical Jeweler and Dealer in Watches, Clocks & Jewelry, SOLID SILVER and PLATED WARE. FANCY GOODS AND TOYS, CUTLERY, STATIONERY, and a full stock of MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS --- THE CELEBRATED Shaffhausen Spectacles. --- WATCHES, CLOCKS & Jewelry carefully repaired and warranted. --- [icon of a finger pointing to the right] ENGRAVING DONE TO ORDER. [icon of a finger pointing to the left] --- The above-mentioned goods will be sold cheap at one door north of First National Bank, OLEAN, N.Y. [end of small column; start of next one] Court Proclamation. WHEREAS, the Hon. HENRY W. WILLIAMS President Judge and the Hons. W.S. BROWN- ELL and LOYAL WARD. Associate Judges of the courts of Oyer and Terminer and General Jail Deli- ery, Quarter Sessions of the Peace. Orphans' Court and Court of Common Pleas for the County of McKean have issued their precept, hearing date Friday, Dec., 20, A.D. 1873, and to me directed, for holding a Court of Oyer and Terminer and General Jail Delivery, Quar- tet Sessions of the Peace, Orphans' Court and Court of Common Pleas, in the Borough of Smethport, [-]a Monday, the 23d. day of Feb. next, and to continued one week. Notice is therefore hereby given to the [--] Justices, of the Police and Constables within the coun- ty that they be then and there in their proper [-] sons at 10 o'clock A.M. of said day, with their [--] records, inquisitions, examinations, and other remem brances, to do those things which their offices apper tain to be done. And those who are bound by their recognizances to prosecute the prisoners that are or shall be in the jail of said county of McKean, are to be then and there to prosecute against them as well as just. Dated at Smethport, Feb. 5th., 1874, and the 98th year of the Independence of the United States of America. M.N. POWELL. Sheriff. TRIAL LIST, FEBRUARY TERM, 1874. __________________ JE Blair et al trustees vs JG Clark U[--] Orphan Asylm et al vs JD Leonard Hamlin & Townsend vs JW Stark A N Taylor vs JL Chapin Keating Tp. vs M.S. Sheldon & W S Oviatt " " vs " " & WH Pratt " " vs " " & Wm. Gifford Jared Curtis vs John King Ghordis Corwin vs LW Crawford HS Baker vs JF Clark John Quinn vs Manufacturing Mutual Fire Ins, Co. James R Curtis vs D D Comes In re- Auditor's Report Keating Tp. Appeal of AR Tubbs Thos. J Melvin vs JP Abbott Patrick Higgins vs Allen Stone Chas. M Bruce vs Horace Scott Walter E Phelps vs Michael Murphy gurnishee Thos. J Melvin. Surviving partner of Parker & Mel- vin vs JP Abbott. SD Freeman vs John R Chadwick and Peter Clark M, A. SPRAGUE, Proth'y. _____________________________ EXECUTOR'S SALE. BY VIRTUE OF AN ORDER OF THE ORPHANS Court of the County of McKean, I,W.J. Cole- grove, executor of the last will and testament of Chauncey Holden, deceased, shall expose to public sale, and sell to the highest and best bidder, at my house at Colegrove, in said county, on Saturday, Feb. 21, 1874, at 1 o'clock p.m., the following described premises or piece of land, situated in and being a part of the land owned by and belonging to the late Chauncey Holden, deceaed, in Warrants Numbers 2327 and 2344, in Liberty township, in said county of Mc- Kean, as per deed from John J. Ridgway and wife by their attorney in fact, J. Colegrove, dated the fourth day of April, 1848, and bounded as follows, viz: Beginning at a post corner standing forty-eighteen and one-third (48 1-3) rods west of the southeast corner of lot numbered 4 in survey made by W. J. Colegrove, it being the corner of Alfred Holden's farm agreeable to description in the last will and testament of said Chauncey Holden, deceased; thence north twenty-nine (29) degrees west eighty- four (84) rods on the line of said Alfred Holden's lot to a post corner; thence north seventy-six (76) degrees west of same forty-seven (47) rods to a post in the west line of said lot number four; thence south on said west line sixty (60) rods to post cornerl thence south thirty-one (31) degrees east about one hundred and eleven (111) rods to a post in east and west lines of said lands of the late C. Holden, de- de[-]sed; thence east on said line about twenty-nine (29) rods to a post, it being the southeast corner of said lands; thence north on the east line of same seventy and two tenths (70.2) rods to the place of beginning; containing fifty-two (52) acres be the same more or less, being the same tract as specified and desrcibed in the last will and testament of said Chauncey Holden, deceased, and to be sold in com- pliance with the directions of said will as well as of said order of Orphan's Court. W.J. COLEGROVE, EXECUTOR. Colegrove, Jan'y 29, 1874. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33A_F2_I3_p003.jpg) [text is sideways] GO TO EATON & SPRAGUE'S? FOR YOUR STOVES, HARDWARE, COOKING UTENSILS, SHELF FURNI- TURE, CUTLERY, TINWARE, and everything that can be found in a first-class Hardware Store. THEY WILL NOT BE OUTDONE IN PRICES OR QUALITY OF GOODS. [image of hand pointing down, text is now horizontal] USE AND BEAUTY! In accordance with the demands of the times, I M.L. Armstrong, take this occasion to inform my friends and patrons that now, henceforth and forever. JEWELRY & SILVERWARE will be sold at prices to satisfy the most prudent. Witness my hand and no seal this third day o December A.D. 1873 M. L. ARMSTRONG SMETHPORT MARBLE WORKS. [image of cherub chiseling a tombstone] The undersigned keeps constantly on hand a full assortment of MONUMENTS, TOMBSTONES, TABLE-TOPS, MANTEL-PIECES And Marble Work of every description also Stone Work for buildings and side walks. Alll work down on the most rea- sonable terms and in the most workman like manner. Call and examine for your selves. JOHN DIGEL. Smethport, Sept. 29, 1870. NOTICE! J. G. Pelton, OLEAN, N. Y. Merchant Tailor, has just re- turned from New York with his Fall and Winter Stock of Goods, Consisting of English, French and American Suitings, Overcoats, Cassimeres and trimmings in all of the new and desirable styles. Extra pains will be taken to give you Nice fitting Suits made in the most durable and artisitc manner. 11—8 6 m Dr. Crook's Wine of Tar [image of wine bottle with writing on it] Contains Vegetable In- gredients of Undoubted Tonic value combined with the rich medicinal qualities of Tar, which cause it to build up the weak and debil- itated and rapidly restore exhausted strength. It cleanses the Stomach, relaxes the Liver, and causes the food to digest, removing Dyspepsia and Indigestion. It is a Superior Tonic, restores the appetite and strenthens the system. For Pains in the Breast, Side or Back, Gravel or Kid- ney disease, diseases of the Urinary Or- gans, Jaundiceorany Liver Complaint it has no equal. It effec- tually cures all Coughs Colds, and all diseases of the THROAT and LUNGS, and has been pronounced a specific for Asthma and Bronchitis. TRY IT. Sold by McCOY & REILLY and ARMSTRONG & CO. EUREKA! McCOY & REILLY (“SIDE HILL DRUGSTORE.”) DEALERS IN Pure Drugs & Medicines, FORD BUILDING, SMETHPORT, PA, TO OUR FRIENDS AND THE PUBLIC. We wish to call especial attention to our large and complete stock of School Books, Miscellaneous Books, Stationery, Albums, &c., which we bought for cash of the receiver appointed for BREED, LENT & Co., Buffalo, directly after their failure, at TEN PER CENT. below the publisher's and manufacturer's prices to jobbers, we therefore DEFY competition, and are prepared to wholesale School Books to dealers in other parts of the county at bottom figures. Our stock of CONFECTIONERY is always complete, as we receive it in small quantities every few days thereby insuring its freshness. We also keep the very choicest brands of CIGARS and TOBACCO the market affords. Our FANCY GOODS, SUNDRIES, PERFUMERIES, &c., being selected with the greatest care from the best Importing Houses, we are enabled to offer as complete a line as can be found in this part of the country, at the lowest prices. We also keep strictly pure WINES & LIQUORS for medical use only. Prescriptions, recipes, &c., carefully prepared. With many thanks for the liberal patronage we have so far enjoyed, we would respectfully solicit a continuance of the same. McCOY & REILLY SMETHPORT, Nov. 6. 1873. "Look Before You Leap." BUY THE NEW [image of sewing machine] Weed Sewing Machine. On the easiest of terms, and war ranted to give entire satisfaction. CANNOT BE EXCELLED for variety of work nor case of handling. I also have on hand a sample Machine of the "G. F." size, the best in the market for heavy work. Please examine the Weed before buying elsewhere. W.K. NYE. Bradford, Pa., Feb 13, 1873 Goodall's PLAYING CARDS THE BEST—THE CHEAPEST. STEAMSHIPS—Cheapest kind made. REGAT'FAS—A Cheap Common Card. BROADWAYS—A Nice common card. VIRGINIAS—Fine calico backs. GEN. JACKSONS—Cheap and popular, [Pat- e[-]t backs, various colors and designs] COLUMBIAS—[Eacbre deck,] extra quality. GOLDEN GATES—One of the best cards made Mt. VERNONS—Extra [-]ne, two color patterns ASK FOR THE ABOVE—TAKE NO OTHERS Price list on application. Dealers supplied by VICTOR E MAUGER, 108 to 112 Reade Street, New York. 11 4 Ayer's Cathartic Pills, [image of hand holding a snake] For the relief and cure of all derange- ments in the stom- ach, liver, and bow- els. They are a mild aperient, and an excellent purgative. Being purely vege- table, they contain no mercury or mine- ral whatever. Much serious sickness and suffering is prevent- ed by their timely use; and every family should have them on hand for their protection and relief, when required. Long experience has proved them to be the saf- est, surest, and best of all the Pills with which the market abounds. By their occasional use, the blood is purified, the corruptions of the sys- tem expelled, obstructions removed, and the whole machinery of life restored to its healthy activity. Internal organs which become clogged and sluggish are cleansed by Ayer's Pills, and stimulated into action. Thus incipient disease is changed into health, the value of which change, when reckoned on the vast multitues who enjoy it, can hardly be computed. Their sugar coating makes them pleasant to take, and preserves their virtues unimpaired for any length of time, so that they are ever fresh, and perfectly reliable. Although searching, they are mild, and operate without disturbance to the constitution, or diet, or occupation. Full directions are given on the wrapper to each box, how to use them as a Family Physic, and for the following complaints, which these Pills rapidly cure:— For Dyspepsia or Indigestion, Listless- ness, Languor and Loss of Appetitie, they should be taken moderately to stimulate the stom- ach, and restore its healthy tone and action. For Liver Complaint and its various symp- tions, Bilious Headache, Sick Head- ache, Jaundice or Green Sickness, Bil- ious Colic and Bilious Fevers, they should be judiciously taken for each case, to correct the diseased action or remove the obstructions which cause it. For Dysentery or Diarrhea, but one mild dose is generally required. For Rheumatism, Gout, Gravel, Pal- pitation of the Heart, Pain in the Side, Back and Loins, they should be contin- uously taken, as required, to change the diseased action of the system. With such change those complaints disappear. For Dropsy and Dropsical Swellings, they should be taken in large and frequent doses to produce the effect of a drastic purge. For Suppression, a large dose should be taken, as it produces the desired effect by sym- pathy. As a Dinner Pill, take one or two Pills to promote digestion and relieve the stomach. An occasional dose stimulates the stomach and bowels, restores the appetite, and invigorates the system. Hence it is often advantageous where no serious derangement exists. One who feels tolerably well, often finds that a dose of these Pills makes him feel decidedly better, from their cleansing and renovating effect on the digestive apparatus. PREPARED BY Dr. J. C. AYER & CO., Practical Chemists, LOWELL, MASS., U.S.A. FOR SALE BY ALL DRUGGISTS EVERYWHERE. Callar & Robinson, DEALERS IN Drugs, Paints, Oils, Fancy Goods, &c., &c., &c., &c., &c., KANE, PA. Ayer's Cherry Pectoral, For Diseases of the Throat and Lungs, such as Coughs, Colds, Whooping Cough, Bronchitis, Asthma, and Consumption. [image of hand on hourglass] Among the great discoveries of modern science, few are of more real value to mankind than this ef- fectual remedy for all diseases of the Throat and Lungs. A vast trial of its virtues, throughout this and other countries, has shown that it does surely and effectually control them. The testimony of our best citi- zens, of all classes, establishes the fact, that CHERRY PECTORAL will and does relieve and cure the afflicting disorders of the Throat and Lungs beyond any other medicine. The most dangerous affections of the Pulmonary Organs yield to its power; and cases of Consump- tion, cured by this preparation, are public- ly known, so remarkable as hardly to be be- lieved, were they not proven beyond dispute. As a remedy it is adequate, on which the public may rely for full protection. By curing coughs, the forerunners of more serious disease, it saves unnumbered lives, and an amount of suffering not to be computed. It challenges trial, and con- vinces the most sceptical. Every family should keep it on hand as a protection against the early and unperceived attack of Pulmonary Affections, which are easily met at first, but which become incurable, and too often fatal, if neglected. Ten- der lungs need this defense; and it is unwise to be without it. As a safeguard to children, amid the distressing diseases which beset the Throat and Chest of childhood, CHERRY PECTORAL is invaluable; for, by its timely use, multi- tudes are rescued from premature graves, and saved to the love and affection centred on them. It acts speedily and surely against ordinary colds, securing sound and health-restoring sleep. No one will suffer troublesome Influenza and pain- ful Bronchitis, when they know how easily they can be cured. Originally the product of long, laborious, and successful chemical investigation, no cost or toil is spared in making every bottle in the utmost possible perfection. It may be confidently re- lied upon as possessing all the virtues it has ever exhibited, and capable of producing cures as memorable as the greatest it has ever effected. PREPARED BY Dr. J. C. AYER & CO., Lowell, Mass., Practical and Analytical Chemists. SOLD BY ALL DRUGGISTS EVERYWHERE. Merchants Hotel, Opposite N. Y. Central Railroad and Lake Shore Depot, BUFFALO. N. Y. Terms, $2.00 per day. Wm. Tucker. Prop'r. This space reserved for S. G. S. [end of column; start of new column] P. J. Hanour, Importer of FINE BRANDIES, CHOICE WINES FOREIGN ALES & PORTER. 150 and 152 Main find 119 Commercial Sts. BUFFALO, N. Y. This Hotel has been newly Furnished. [images of various items with text: Josephs] BONNEY'S UNITED STATES HOTEL. TERRACE, NEAR MAIN ST., BUFFALO, N. Y. D. Bonney & Son, Proprietors J.H. Perry, Clerk. (formerly of the Tift House.) Gibson, Pierce & Gibson, Manufacturers and Dealers in Plain and Fancy Cassimeres, Colored and White [hole in page] Otto, Catt. Co. N. Y. Orders respectfully solicited. NOTICE Is given that an application will be made at the present session of the Legislature for the passage of a supplement to An Act appointing comm[-]ssioners to lay out and open a State road in the counties of McKean, Elk, Forest and Clarion, approved May 1, 1861, (the coun- ty of Clarion having heretofore been excepted from its provisions,) to extend the powers and duties of the Commissioners for the settle- ment of their accounts until the meeting of the County Auditors for the year 1877, and for levying taxes until and including the year 1878, when they shall cease. For the Commissioners. S.D.FREEMAN. Feb'y 4, 1874, Buffalo, New York and Philadelphia Railway. ON AND AFTER NOV. 23d, 1873, UNTIL further notice, Trains will run as fol- lows: Leaving Buffalo. 7.20 a.m. Though Mail, daily except Sundays, stopping at Olean [---]. Larrabees 11.30. Port Allegany 11.23. Emporium 4.00 p. m. Passengers by this train made connections at the B.N. & P. Depot at Emporium at 0.30 p. m, for local points on the P. & E. R. R, East 3.25 p.m. Night Express, daily, stopping at Clean 0.27 Larrabees 7,16. Port Allegany 7,10. Emporium 8.50 p.m. Through Puliman sleeping cars run on this train from Buffalo to Baltimore and Washing- ton without change. Trains Leave Emporium. 2.35 a. m. Night Express, daily, stopping at Port Allegany 3.52. Larrabees 4.17, Olean 5,10. 8.50 a.m. Passengers by this train make direct and close communications with the Lake Shore Great Western, Grand Trank and Canada Southern Railroads for all points in Canada and the West. 3.15 a. m. Local Freight and Passenger, stopping at Port Allegany 5.49, Larrabees 6.45, Olean 8.38, Buffalo 2.50. p. m. 2.00 p. m. Through Mail, daily, except Sun- days, stopping at Port Allegany 3.18, Larra- bees 3.45, Olean 4.38, Buffalo 8.00. p.m. H. L. LYMAN, Gen'l Pass. Agent. J.D. YEOMA NS, Supt. Pennsylvannia Railroad. Philadelphia & Erie R. R. Division WINTER TIME TABLE. Oh and after SUNDAY, NOV. 2d, 1873, the Trains on the Philadelphia & Erie Rail Road Division will run as follows: WESTWARD. BUFFALO EX. leaves Phila.........12.55 p.m " " " Renovo......11.45 p. m " " arr. at Emporium....1.45 a. m " " " Buffalo........9.00 a. m ERIE MAIL leaves Phila..........10.20 p. m " " " Renovo........10.15 a. m " " " Emporium......12.30 p. m " " " St. Marys......1.27 p. m " " arr. at Erie..........7.40 p. m RENOVO ACCOM. leaves Renovo....2.15 p. m " " " Emporium....2.15 p. m " " " St. Marys..5.01 p. m " " arr. at Kane......7.30 p. m EASTWARD. BUFFALO EX. leaves Buffalo........2.30 p. m " " " Emporium......8.35 p. m " " " Renova.......10.30 p. m " " arr. at Phila.........9.10 a. m ERIE MAIL leaves Erie..............9.15 a. m " " " St. Marys.........3.30 p. m " " " Emporium........4.20 p. m " " " Renovo..........7.05 p. m " " arr. at Philadelphia.....8.00 p. m RENOVO ACCOM. leaves Kane...7.50 a. m " " " St. Marys...9.24 a. m " " " Emporium.10.25 a. m " " arr. at Renova..12.30 p. m Mail East connects east and west at Erie with L S & M S R W, and at Corry and Irvine- ton with Oil Creek and Allegheny R R W. Buffalo Express makes close connections at Williamsport with N C R W trains, north, and at Harrisburg with N C R W trains south. WM. A. BALDWIN nd-wll] General Superintendent. MOORE HOUSE, OLEAN, N.Y. M. V. Moore, Proprietor. [FORMERLY [-]OBES HOUSE.] Newly Furnished. Bells to all rooms. 'Bus to all trains. Best bar in Western New York. BUSINESS DIRECTORY. Byron D. Hamlin & Son. LAW AND LAND OFFICE. Agency of the Keating Iands situated in the Counties of McKean, Potter, Cameron, Clinton and Clear- field. Smethport, Pa. S. D. Freeman, PHYSICIAN AND SURGEON, SMETHPORT McKean county. Pa., will at tend promptly to all calls in his profession H. L. McCoy, PHYSICIAN AND SURGEON, Smethport. McKean county, Pa., will attend to all calls in his profession. R. H. Rose. Attorney and Counsellor at Law, Smethport Pa., will give prompt attention to all busi- ness entrusted to his care. Office up stairs in the Court House. D. V. Crossmire. Resident Surgeon P. & E. R. R. Co. 15 FRALEY ST., KANE, PA. Prompt attendance given to all professional ca Backus & Millikon. ATTORNEYS & Counsellors at Law, Smeth- port, Pa., will give prompt attention to all business entrusted to their care. Office up stairs in Sartwell block, on Main street. M. J. MILLIKEN. JOHN U. BACKUS. P. Ford. ATTORNEY and Counselor at Law and Col- lector of Internal Revenue for McKean, Elk and Cameron counties, will give his atten- tion to all matters pertaining ot his profession in the above counties. Office, Ford Building, Church street, Smethport, Pa. Alfred Sturdveint. HAS opened a Barber Shop in the basement of the Bennett House, where he is prepared to do Shaving, Shampooing, Hair-cutting, Dye- ing, &c. in the best style of the art. Ladies' hair cut and dressed in the latest style. Splen- did bath-rooms are connected with my shop. Also perfumery, toilet soaps, &c., for sale. P. L. Webster WOULD INFORM the citizens of Bradford and vicinity that he keeps ready made coffins constantly on hand. Burial case and caskets furnished if required. Bradford, Pa., Dec. 21, 1871. Bingham Estate Robt. H. Rose is authorized to receive mon- ey for me; also applications to buy lands. He will give information generally, in any busi- ness of this Estate, in McKean County. His office is in the [---] office in the Court House. Wellsboro, Dec. 24, 1873. Robt. C. Simpson Agent of the Trustees. J.E. Olds & Son, HAVING made arrangements to carry on the TANNING BUSINESS on a more ex- tended scale, would respectfully invite the cit- izens of McKean county to give them a trial. CUSTOM WORK is made a specialty, and sat- isfaction guaranteed. Remember the place— three miles from Smethport, on the Olean road. Farmers' Valley, Jan. 11, 1872. New Cabinet Shop. THE undersigned takes this opportunity of informing the public that, having remov- ed his Cabinet Shop two doors above the old stand,—opposite the dwelling house of Mrs. Wolters—he is prepared to sell charis of most every description and Furniture of most every kind, and keeps constantly on hand a large supply of all articles of furniture, picture frames, &c., &c., WM. SPECHT. Smethport, Feb, 1, 1849. New Paint Shop THE subscriber has opened a shop on Me- chance street—near John B. Tyler's old blacksmith shop—and is now prepared to do all kinds of painting in the best possible style Carriage painting, striping, house and sign painting and all other work in this [---] done in the best manner. The best of matieral us- ed, and satisfaction guaranteed. CARL SASSE. Smethport, May 9, 1872. James D. Otto. [image of arm holding a hammer] Let the people of McKean coun- ty remember that at my old stand in Port Allegany they can still get blacksmithing done bet- ter cheaper, and on shorter no- tice than at any other shop in northern Pennsylvania. All kinds of Black- smithing for Farmers, Lumbermen, Wagon makers, etc. Special attention paid to shoeing. Port Allegany, March 20, 1873. Caution. WHEREAS MY WIFE, LAVERNA FOSTER, has left my bed and board without cause or provocation, this is to forbid any person harboring or trusting her on my account, as I will not be re- sponsible for any debts of her contraction after this date. DAVID E. FOSTER Bradford, Pa., Jan. 12, 1874—12—3t Notice. AN ACT FOR THE RELIEF OF THE CHIL- dren of widow Mary E. Pro[--]r, counting them to the benefits of the laws granting educational privileges to soldier’s orphans, is in the hands of the Representative from Potter and McKean counties, and will be presented at the present session of the Legislature. J. K. HAFFEY 15—it Notice. A Petition has been forwarded to the Repre- sentative of McKean & Potter counties from the citizens of Sergeant tp. McKean Co. pray- ing the repeal of a State Road act through the counties of McKean, Elk & Forest, as regards the tax imposed upon the citizens of Sergeant township for the building of said road. E.M. HOWARD, D. W. HOWARD, CASPER SMITH, D. EAS[--]BROOK. 12-1t OLEAN HOUSE. P.E. Stone & Co., Prop's. This House has been Thoroughly Repaired and Newly Furnished. Barber Shop, Bath Room, Restaurant and Billiard Saloon attached. Room for 250 Guests. Barn room for 200 horses. P.BECKER & CO., WHOLESALE GROVERS, AN DEALERS IN Paints, Oils, Glass, Putty, Nails, Etc, Etc. 468 and 470 Main Street, BUFFALO, N. Y. [end of column; start of new column SHERIFF'S SALE. BY Virtue a writ[--] [---] out of the court of [---]. Please of McKean county, Pa., I have lo[--]d [---] following [---] Estate which I shall e[---] to public sale at the Court House in the [---] of Smethport on Mon- day, the 20 day of Feb, A. D 1874, at one o'clock P.M. The following real estate to wit. All that certain piece or tract of land [---] in the township of Liberty, county of McKean and State of Pennsylvania, bounded and described as follows, to wit: Beginning at a post on the south bank of the Allegany river, running thence south one hundred and ninety-six per[---] thence east forty-four and eight-tenths perches thence north two hundred and four- teen perches to the bank of the [---] Allegany river; thence down the said river by the sev- eral courses and distances to the [---] of beginning: containing fifty-one first seven- tenths acres, strict measure being lot No. 229 of the allotment of [---] lands in said township. About ten acres improved, one log house, one frame barn, about twenty-five apple trees and a good spring of water there- on. Seized, taken in execution and will be sold as the property of S. P. Bacon at the suit of Augustus Gree[-] use of l. H. Dalley. M. N. POWELL, Sheriff. Sheriffs Office, Smethport, Feb. 3, 1874. SHERIFF'S SALE By Virtue of a writ of Vend. [---] issued out of the court of Common Please of McKean County, Pa., I have levied upon the following de- scribed Real Estate which I shall expose in public sale at the Court House in the Borough of Smeth- port, on Monday, the 23d day of Feb., A.D. 1874, at one o'clock P. M., the following described [---] or parcel of land, to wit: The following described real estate, to wit: All the interest of Michael Crotty in all that lot of land situate in the village of Kane, Mc- Kean County. Pennsylvania, at the southeast corner of Praley and Haines streets, said lot extending along the east side of Praley street sixty feet, and along south side of Haines street one hundred feet, continuing six thou- sand square foot of land more or less, on which there is erected a two story frame dwelling house. Seized, taken in execution, and will be sold as the property of M. Crotty, at the suit of H Souther, surviving partner of H. Souther & Co. M. N. POWELL, Sheriff. Sheriff's office, Smethport. Feb. 5, 1874. SHERIFF'S SALE BY Virtue of a writ of Vend[---] Ex. issued out of the Court of Common Please of McKean county, Pa., I have levied upon the following de- scribed Real Estate which Ishall expose to public sale at the Court House in the Borough of Smeth- port, on Monday, the 23d day of Feb, 1874, at one o'clock P.M., the following described tracts or parcels of land, to wit: The following described real estate, to wit: All that certain lot of land stituate in the town ship of Liberty, McKean County, Pennsylva- nia, bounded and described as follows to wit: Beginning at a post at the southeast corner of land of F.A Hackett, lot No 219, thence case seventy-two and five-tenths porches to a post corner, thense south 100 and for[hole in page] tenths perches to a post corner, [hole in page] south eighty degrees west seventy-fou[hole in page] es to the place of beginning; so [hole in page] acres, it being lot No. 362 of [hole in page] Keating & Co lands in [hole in page] rant No. 2073. About [hole in page] and a small frame swelling house thereon. Seized, taken in execution, and will be sold as the property of Z. J. Shorwood at the suit of C. E. Grover. M. N. POWELL, Sheriff. Sheriffs' Office, Smethport, Feb. 5. 1874. SHERIFF'S SALES. BY Virtue of a write of M. Ei F[--].. Issued out of the Court of Common Pleas of McKean County, Pa., I have levied upon the following [---] Real Estate which I shall expose to public [---] at the Court House in the in the Borough of Smethport, on [---]- day, the 25th day of Feb., A.D. 1874, at one o'clock P. M., the following described tract of parcel of land to wit: The following described real estate, to wit: All that certain tract or parcel of land situate in the township of Ohio, county of McKean, State of Pennsylvania, bounded and described as follows, to wit: Beginning at a post at the southeast corner of lot No. 210 or the allot- ment of Bingham Lands in said township run- ning thence along the east line of said lot No. 210, north one hundred and eleven perches to [page is folded] along the south line of the same case secenty- five and two tenths perches to the wouthwest corner of lot No. [---]; thence south one hun- dred and eleven and seven-tenths perches to the northeast corner of No. 191; thence along the north line of said lot No. 191 west seven ty-five and two-tenths perches to the begin- ning; containing forty-nine and four-tenths acres, with allowance of four per cent for [---] &c., be the same [---] or less, it being lot No. 195 of the allotment of lands of the Bingham Estate in said township, in Warrants Nos. 2089 and 2099. About forty acres im- provement, one frame dwelling house. one frame barn and out buildings, an orchard or about fifty appletrees, and several springs of water theron. ALSO—One other lot of land in same town- ship, bounded and described as follows, to wit: Beginning at a post the southwest cor- ner of lot No. 195 of allotment of Bingham lands: thence west along the north line of lot No. 101 seventy-five perches; thence along the cast line of lots 191 and 188 north one hundred and thirty-seven and three tenths perches; thence east seventy-five perches; thence south along the west line of lots No. 220 and 195 one hundred and thirty-seven and three- tenths perches to the pace of beginning; con- taining sixty and seven-tenths acres with the usual allowance of six per cent., more or less, and being lot No. 210 of the allotment of Bingham lands in said township, and in War- rants Nos. 2082, 2093, 2012, and 2212. Nearly all improved, with two frame dwelling houses, one frame barn, an orchard of about fifty ap ple trees, and a good spring of water thereon. ALSO—One other lot of land in same township, beginning at the northeast corner of lot 190 at the allotment of Bingham lands in said township; thence along the north line of said lot No. 190, west sixty-nine perches to the northwest corner of the same; thence north one hundred and sixty- nine and four-tenths perches; thence east seventy and one half perches; thence south one hundred and sixty-nine perches to the beginning; containing seventy-one and eight tenths acres, [---] lot No. 287 of the allotment of Bingham lands is said town- ship, and in Warrant No. 2089. ALSO—One other lot of land in same township bounded as follows, to wit: On the north by lands heretofore owned by James Matteson Baldwin; on the east by lands owned by Wm. Lovejoy; on the south by land of 'B. G. Spiller; and on the west by lands now owned by John Duke, which said lot of land was contracted from Boyden & Co., by their agent, Samuel C. Smith, and contains about twen- ty-three acres. ALSO—One other lot of land in same township. Bounded and described as follow, to wit: Beginning as the north-east borner of lot No on hundred and ninety-five of the allotment of Bingham lands in said township, thence west seventy-five and two- tenths perches to the north-west corner of said lot No. one hundred and ninety-five; thence north twen- ty-four and six-tenths perches to the north-east corner of lot No. two hundred and ten; thence west thirteen and one-tenth perches; thence north two and one-fourth degrees east, ninety-nine and six-tenths perches; thence east eighty-eight and five--on the perches; thenve south one hundred twen- ty-three and two-tenths perches to the beginning; containing sixty-five and seven-tenths acres, being lot No. 220 of the allotment of Bingham lands in said township, in Warrant No. 2059; unimproved. ALSO—Another lot of land in same township, bounded and described as follows to wit: Begin- ning at the northeast corner of lot No. 195 of the allotment of lands of the Bingham estate; thence north one hundred and twenty-three and seven- tenths perches; thence east one hundred perches; thence south one hundred and twenty-three perch- es; thence west ninety-nine perches to the begin- ning; containing seventy-six and seven-tenths acres; being lot No. 214 of the allotment of the Bigham lands in said township, and in Warrant No. 2080. Unimproved. ALSO—One other lot of land in same township, bounded and described as follows, to wit: Begin- ning at the northeast corner of lot No. 282 of the al- lotment of the Bingham lands in [---] township; thence north one-hundred and five and five-tenths perches; thence west one hundred perches to the east line of lot No. 216; thence south fifty-three perches; thence east four perches to the northeast corner of lot No. 78; thence south fifty-two and five- tenths perches; thence east ninety-two perches to the place of beginning; containing sixty-four and two- tenths [---], being lot No. 281 of the allotment of the Bingham lands in said township, in warrant No. 2089. One [---] improved and a small frame [---] thereon. Seized, taken for execution, and will be sold as the property of Edwin and J. M. Baldwin, at the suit of A. N. Taylor. M. N. POWELL, Sheriff. Sheriff's Office, Smethport, Feb. 5. 1874. [end of column; start of new column] SHERIFF'S SALE. By Virtue of a writ of A;. [---] issued out of the Court of Common Pleas of McKean county Pa., I have levied upon the following described [---] Estate which Ishall expose to the public sale at the Court House in the Borough of Smethport on Mon- day, the 23d day of Feb., A. D. 1874, at one o'clock P. M. The following described real estate, to wit: All that certain lot or parcel of land situate in the village of Kane, county of McKean, and State of Pennsylvania, counded and described as follows, to wit: Beginning at a post of stone corner at the northeast corner of Raley and streets, running thence alon the cast side of Fraley street north sixty feet, thence east one hundred feet, thence south sixty feet to street, thence west one hundred feet to the place of beginning containing six thousand square feet, on which is erected a two story frame dwelling house with wing attached, and one frame barn. Seized: taken in execution and will be sold as the property of Patrick Burns at the suit of John C. Backus. M. N. POWELL, Sheriff. Sheriff's office, Smethport, Feb. 5, 1874. SHERIFF'S SALE. BY VIRTUE OF A writ of Fi[-]ri Facias issued out of the Court of Common Pleas of McKean county, Pa., I have levied upon the following de- scribed Real Estate which I shall expose to public sale at the Court House, in the Borough of Smeth- port, on Monday, the 23d day of Feb., 1874, at one o'clock P. M. The following real estate to wit: All that certain lot or parcel of land situate in the township of Keating county of McKean and state of Pennsylvania, bounded and described as follows to wit: Beginning at a post o nthe east bank of Potatoe Creek running thence east one hundred and eighty-one and three-tenths perches to a post, thence west one hundred and twenty-eight and two tenths perches to the bank of Potatoe creek, thence down said Pota- toe creek by the several courses and distances to the place of beginning, containing fifty acres more or less, it being lot No. one hun- dred and twenty eight of the allotment of Keat- ing lands in said township. About eighteen acres improved, about twen- ty-five apples trees and a good spring of water thereon. Seized and taken in execution and to be sold as the property of E. P. Pratt, at the suit of M. C. Stickles. M. N. Powell, Sheriff. Sheriff's Office, Smethport, Feb. 5, 1874. SHERIFF'S SALE. BY virtue of a writ of Venditioni Exponas issued out of the Court of Common Pleas of the county of McKean, State of Pa., to me directed, I have levied upon the following described Real estate which I shall expose to public sale at the Court House in the borough of Smethport, on Monday, the 23d day of February, A.D. 1874, an one o'clock p.m. the following described tract or parcel of land, to wit: The following described real estate to wit: All the interest of John McDonough in that certain lot of land situate in the township of Wetmore, in the county of McKean. Pennsyl- [hole in page] on subdivision Number three hundred [hole in page] of warrant number twenty-three [hole in page] nd eighty-nine, and known and des [hole in page] a plan of said subdivision made [hole in page] Powell, 1858, as house lot number [hole]-eight, situation on east side of Tionesta [hole] ; being one hundred feet front by two' hundred feet deep, conatining twenty [fold in page] and square feet, more of less, with a two story frame swelling house thereon. Seized, taken in execution, and will be sold as the property of John McDonough at the suit of H. Souther, law partner of firm of Souther, Willies & Co. M. N. POWELL, Sheriff... Sheriff's Office, Smethport, Feb 5, 1874 JURY LISTS. LIST OF THE NAMES OF PERSONS DRAWN fro mthe sheel of McKean County to serve as GRAND JURORS for February term, commenc- ing on Monday, the 22d day of February, A.D. 1874 Annin—Jere. Riley. Bradford tp—E. F. Colegrove, G. D. H. Crooker. Bradford boro'—J. R. Pomeroy, Willis Walker, Thaddens Parker. Ceres—Thos Campbell. Eldred—John J. Cook, J. Kaufman. Hamtin—Timothy Kinney. Keating—A. Day, John Rice, M. Tattle, As[--] Champion. Liberty—C. S. King, D. R. Bennett. Norwich—Geo. Boyer [---]—A. P. Lovejoy, B. G. Spiller. [page is folded] Smethport boro'—E. Y. Chadwick Wetmore—Wm. Hubbard, Matthew Daly, F. J. Glatt. LIST OF NAMES OF PERSONS DRAWN FROM the wheel of McKean County to serve as TRA- VERSE JURORS for the February Term, commen- cing on Monday the 22d of February, A. D. 1874. Annin—F. F. Bishop, Cornelius Reilley, A. B. Besse, L. P. Holcomb. Bradford tp.—O. A. Corwin, B. C. Haven, J. C. Corwin Ceres—Geo W,, Lamphier, A. C. Hovey, James [---] Eldred—Wm. Brooder, Hiram Dean, R. L. Fitch Oscar Carpenter, Benj. Bunker. Hamlin—H. W. Burlingame. Hamilton—James Cobbett. Keating—Thos. Goodwin, Stephen Irons, Sam Rockwelt, John Cooner. Liberty—I. Dolley, Ira Wier, J. H. Sherrill, [--] Wm. Coleman. Wm. Dunbar, Miles Irons, C. N. Barrett, J. R. Townsend, B. C. Gallup. Norwich—W. R. Burdick, Wm. C. Dickeson, E. H. Eastwood Otto—J. Shaftsbury. Smethport boro'—S. W. Smith. Wetmore—Oscar Fox. O. VOSBURG} Jury ANDREW REILLY,} Comm[-]rs Smethport, Jan 17, 1874. W. S. BROWNELL, DEALER IN DRY GOODS & GROCERIES, HATS, CAPS, BOOTS & SHOES. &c., &c., &c., Motto—Quick Sales, Small Profits. Store opposite Baptist Church Smeth- port. Pa. Patronage is respectfully solic- ited. A. M. ADAMS & CO., WHOLESALE AND RETAIL DEALERS AND MANUFACTURERS OF TOBACCO, SNUFF AND CIGARS No. 48 and 50 PEARL ST., Buffalo, N. Y. J. L. Chichester, Blank Book Manufacturer, Ruling, Printing, & Binding, Executed in the best manner. Nos. 194 & 198 Washington St. BUFFALO. N. Y. Myron A Dodge. Notary Public and Claim Agent Olean, N. Y. Bounty and Pension Claims Collected if Obtainable. Particular attention given to applications for in- creased Pension and Rejected Claims. Office wit[--] W. H. Reynolds. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33A_F2_I3_p005.jpg) THE MORMON CONFERENCE. ? Captain Codman’s Estimate of the Position and Prospects of Brigham Young’s Church. [Correspondence of the Evening Post.] SALT LAKE CITY, October 11, 1874. Salt Lake City is the Mormon Jerusalem. Here is their holy of holies, the site on which their great temple is slowly creeping up from its foun- dations to be the wonder of the world ; here is their enormous Tabernacle, here their beautiful streets, ere long to be paved with silver and gold ; here dwells their great high priest, and his chief Levites make it their home ; here, the Sanhedrim being assembled to preside over the semi-annual conference, the assembled tribes of Israel have been gathered together. From north and south, from east and west, down from the mountains and up from the valley, they have poured into the city, nominally to confer with one another about the interests of Zion, but in reality to re- ceive counsel and dictation from Brigham Young; for Brigham is still a power. He is the keystone of the arch that supports the great superstruc- ture of the church. When he drops out, if the builders refuse to agree upon another one to hold the fabric together as he has done, the whole building will fall. But the end is not yet. Since the railroads have been constructed the means of access to the town have been increased, and the throng of people is greater than ever. But the picturesque effect is diminished. The streets and market places are no longer packed with wagons and filled with saddle-beasts. These may still be seen in great numbers, and every night in the outskirts of the town the light of camp-fires falls upon them. Altogether the scene and the occa- sion are such that a stranger would not willingly be absent at such a time. The Tabernacle is the chief attraction. There day after day we have seen the “Prophet, Seer and Revelator” bolstered up on his ecclesias- tical throne, too feeble even to give us his bless- ing, but brought out upon the stage to show the assembled multitude that he still lives and means to live on. Around him are his councillors, ranged below him are the twelve apostles, and all about him are gathered the Council of Seventy, while presidents, elders and bishops of high and low degree are the numerous satellites of his train. St. Peter's Cathedral is more splendid than this Mormon Tabernacle—the Pope shines under his cross of diamonds and the cardinals flaunt in scarlet, but Brigham Young in his plain clothes, with his white handkerchief al- ways tied about his neck, surrounded by his body-guard of ill-dressed illit- erate men, possesses a power and influence such as Pius IX. would not venture to exert over the persons who call him the Vicegerent of Christ. The Mormons reverence and obey their leader, because they believe him to be directly commissioned from the Almighty. The Gentiles hate and slander him because he has such con- trol over his own people. For one, I am not dis- posed to reverence, obey, hate or slander him, but to regard his character from a strictly im- partial point of view. When I looked around on that great assembly of twelve thousand persons, whose condition in this world his saga- cious administration had so greatly ad- vanced, and in whom he has planted such joyful anticipations of the life to come, I did not wonder at their enthusiastic admiration of him; and when outside I see the small Gentile minor- ity, some of whom are scandalized by the one revolting practice sanctioned by him, but most of whom are anxious for political office, I am not surprised that he is disliked by one wing of this party and abused by the other. No religious fanatic has ever before succeeded peacefully in obtaining such an ascendancy. No one has used it upon the whole more wisely than he has thus far. But now the most reasonable of his own fol- lowers admit that the fatuity and obstinacy which sometimes accompany old age rather than reve- lations from heaven are influencing his course. The wisest councillors of the church, although tacitly upholding polygamy, heard with many misgivings the violent discourse which Orson Pratt, its prominent advocate, was allowed to de- liver at this conference. But it was satisfactory to the moderate Gentiles, inasmuch as, admitting that the present generation are extremely averse to polygamy, it was thought necessary to threaten them that if they did not practise it they would "be damned to hell for ever and ever.” As these young people have the evidences about them of old Mormons having incurred this dreadful penalty in this present life by the effects of the institution, they will be likely to take their chances of the future without much regard to the threats of Mr. Pratt. The sermon was a god- send to the more violent of the opposition, because it strengthens their lungs for their virtuous war- cry. Again Brigham has had a child born to him in his senility. Its name is “Enoch.” He has be- come thoroughly and I believe honestly convinced of the communistic idea. The “order of Enoch” —why this name, unless that he has exhausted all others in his family, I know not—proposes to do away with all superfluous wealth and extreme poverty by uniting all orders and conditions of men in one common brotherhood. As in all ages of the world where such experiments have been tried, it takes wonderfully with the poor and ignorant, while the rich and well-informed stand resolutely aloof so far as they themselves are con- cerned. Yet a few of these, so great is their awe of Brigham, urge it upon the people, as Artemus Ward called upon all his wife’s re- lations to sacrifice themselves in the war. George Q. Cannon and Elder Taylor each preached an elaborate sermon upon it. They labored to convince the poor that they would gain everything by it and the rich that they would lose nothing, but they failed to descend into such a particular exposition as might have enabled us to reconcile these seeming inconsisten- cies. There is no real zeal in the community for the adoption of the order, which is a sheer im- possibility in extensive practice. “Enoch” will probably drag its slow length along by Brigham's commands during the latter’s lifetime, and when he dies the order will go up like its namesake of old—in a different direction. The wishes of Brigham Young in regard to the succession are well known. He would perpetuate the dynasty in his own family, and would be ready to depart in peace could he be assured that his eldest son would be called of the Lord, with the advice and consent of the Council, to take his place. He would, with fewer natural talents and less executive ability, endeavor to follow in the footsteps of his father, and, without consid- ering the changed external relations of the Mor- mons, essay to keep the people in the old beaten paths. He would not permit his priest-ridden subjects to free themselves from any of the tram- mels imposed upon the early pioneers, which, however politic at that time, will not much longer be submitted to with patience by the more prosperous and intelligent settlers in the territory. George A. Smith, Taylor, Pratt, Can- non and several other apostles all have a conviction of their own right to the office, and all of them regard Brigham Junior as peculiarly unfitted for the position. His strength would be only sufficient to pull down the pillars of Zion and destroy himself in its ruins. With a more sagacious and politic ruler this organiza- tion may stand for many years, and gather to its fold the poor and oppressed of all lands. Under a wise adminstration, freed from its debasing su- perstitions and practices, the clamor of its politi- cal enemies will be silenced by public opinion. At every meeting of this conference there was a crowded audience who listened as attentively as cirumstances would permit. These circum- stances were babies, of whom there must have been always at least a thousand present. There was an all-pervading continual infantile wail, and at times when this came in chorus the speaker was obliged to wait for a lull in the storm. Many of the discourses were moderate in character, and some of them dwelt with sincere earnestness on the necessity of a religious and virtuous life. Frugality, temperance, chastity and industry were urged upon the people, and while the open attacks of the “enemies of Zion” were deprecated, moderation and forbearance were counselled even by that violent declaimer John Taylor. When this old apostle did break out with occasional bitterness, we were willing to excuse him. He was one of the earliest converts, and suffered all manner of persecution for his devotion to Joseph Smith. He was imprisoned with him at Carthage, and when Joseph and his brother Hiram were drag- ged from the jail by a mob and killed in the street, Taylor at the same time was repeatedly shot. He still carries three bullets in his body, and it is when these give him an extra twinge of bodily pain that he scowls fiercely upon us Gen- tiles, and reproaches us as if we had actually participated in that murderous affray. But most frequently the Saints were reminded how the Lord in all times of their past tribula- tions had delivered them from the hands of their enemies and how the same God would do it again, however much the heathen might rage and whatever vain things the people might imagine against them. The oft-repeated story of their miraculous deliverance from the army of crickets was again and again rehearsed. They were told how, in answer to their prayers, a great army of gulls overshadowed the land and swooping down on their tormentors gorged themselves with their prey, and vomiting them when full, returned again to the abundant feast, until, when these angels of deliverance took their leave, not a cricket was left in the fields. This apparent miracle is a matter of history, and as prayer undoubtedly preceded it the prayer and the gulls are naturally con- nected. So now the Gentile ravages of the land are to be disposed of in some such providen tial manner. One thing is certain. It is that whatever course the government or the people of the United States may take in regard to these “Latter Day Saints," there will be no armed re- sistance by them or withdrawal from the terri tory. If “the Lord God of Israel” does not de liver them from us as he did from the crickets, they will patiently submit, like the Jews in their Babylonish captivity, and like that ancient people, who awaited their return to Jerusalem and the rebuilding of the temple, the Mormons will expect in the fulness of time to be gath- [end of first column; start of new column] ered together in Jackson county, Missouri. There their temple is to be rebuilt in tenfold splendor, and having reigned as kings and priests for a thousand years, all nations shall be subdued unto them, and they will go up in a blaze of glory, as the prophets from Isaiah down to Brigham Young have foretold. J. C. THE CONSTITUTIONAL AMEND- MENTS. Changes in the Term and Salaries o[-] ernor and Lieutenant-Governor-[-] Veto. The following is the p[-] pamphlet on the consti[-] which refers to Articl[-] “The changes pro[-] this article are: [-] term of office of[-] Governor to th[-] “The obj[-] greater ad[-] the term opinion change incre[-] thos[-] of [-] th ye ye ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33A_F2_I4_p001.jpg) THE SCOTSMAN NEW YORK, SATURDAY, MAY 8. 1875. MR. WILLIAM WOOD. The re-appointment by Mayor Wickham of Mr. William Wood to the vacancy in the Board of Education in New York, has brought back to pub- lic life a most valuable member of society. Pos- sessed of natural powers of a high order, carefully educated, and endowed with his full share of the perfervidum ingenium of his countrymen, strictly honorable and highly esteemed, we would fain point to Mr. William Wood as a type of those Scotsmen who have won for themselves, and for their country the respect of the world. In glancing over his career, it is, therefore, our purpose to treat it as that of a representative Scottish gentle- man, as one which affords an illustration of the value of Scottish education and of the possession of Scottish faculties and traits of character. It is surely fitting that we should turn to the life of a Commissioner of Education for a lesson in youth- ful training, and an evidence of its influence in after life. The subject of the present sketch was born in the city of Glasgow on the twenty-first of October, 1808. He is the eldest son of the late John Wood, merchant and banker, and is allied to some of the noblest families of Scotland. He is a descendant of Admiral Wood, whom James Grant celebrates in one of his historical romances. On his mother’s side he is connected with the Dennistoun family, to which she belonged. The first step in education was taken when, at the age of seven, William was sent to the then gram- mar school kept by Mr. William Angus in the City of St. Mungo. He remained at that establishment for two years, and in 1817 went to the Glasgow Grammar School, where, under David Dowie, he went through a Latin course extending over four years. At both of these schools Mr. Wood’s illus- trious townsman, Sir William Hamilton, had been a pupil about ten years previously. Four years of exclusive devotion to the classics was the last, and also the essential, preparation for the Univer- sity, and in October, 1821, we find him matriculating at Glasgow College. At that time Josiah Walker was Professor of Latin, and Professor—afterwards Sir David K.—Sandford filled the chair of Greek. He attended the classes of these distinguished teachers during two sessions, and for a year and a half subsequently studied under Dr. Duncan of Ruthwell. At the age of sixteen he went to St. Andrews, and attended the classes of Moral Philo- sophy and Mathematics at the college of the old cathedral town. Dr. Chalmers, who was also a kins- man of Mr. Wood, then occupied the former chair. Having received the benefit of one more of the great preacher’s lectures, Mr. Wood returned to his native city and re-entered college there for the study of natural philosophy and chemistry. This was during the session of 1825-26, and in the Sum- mer of the latter year he engaged himself in acquiring a knowledge of the principles of miner- alogy and geology. Botany also received a large share of his attention. He brought his college career to an end in the Winter of 1827-28 by attend- ing the Surgery class of Dr. John Burns. Such is the bare outline of the events of the eleven years in the life of Mr. Wood which were devoted to education. At both school and college he showed much of the energy and industry which characterize him to-day, and his talents were of such an order as to enable him to share in the honor of the institutions which he attended. The subjects included in his currriculum are varied, and characteristic of a system of education which aims at producing thoughtful men as well as accom- plished gentlemen. It is eminently solid, the sci- ences alternating with philosophy and classical literature, the practical with the abstruse. Thus equipped, Dr. Wood took his place in the active battle of life. His business education was intrusted to the eminent mercantile firm of J. & A. Dennistorun, then composed of his grandfather and granduncle. The house was one of the oldest established in Glasgow, and one of the best schools from which a young man could graduate. He there imbibed the principles of commercial probity and honor which have marked his whole career, and brought to fuller maturity the habits of activity, perseverance and thoroughness which were formed at school and college. His first visit to this country was made on the 3d of November, 1828, or shortly after the comple- tion of his twentieth year. His sojourn was a very short one. He returned to Glasgow, and in 1830 again set sail for the United States in the packet Hibernia, the same vessel which brought out to [end of first column; start of next] May 8, 1876. this country tidings of the terrible "three days of July" in Paris. On arriving here he married, and again returned to Glasgow, where he remained until May, 1832, when he went to Liverpool for the purpose of assuming the management of a branch house of the firm with which he was connected. His sojourn in England is marked by some of the most interesting episodes of his eventful life. He took a very active part in politics and was asso- ciated with some of the most famous men of that period. In conjunction with Richard Cobden, he canvassed South Lancashire in the interest of the senior partner of Brown Brothers, the eminent banking-house, who was then about to seek the votes of that constituency. When Daniel O'Connell landed in Liverpool Mr. Wood was chosen by the Liberals to present him with an address, which he did on the platform of St. George's Hall, in the presence of an audience of four thousand people. A very curious and somewhat amusing reminis- cence carries Mr. Wood back to his first meeting with Mr. John Bright. Mr. Bright was then a somewhat full-faced young man, who had given no evidence of the possession of qualities which have since placed him in the front rank of English statesmen. The recognition extended to him was felt to be somewhat of a condescension by the rising statesman, who is now willing to confess that he felt the doing of honor to be all on his side. In 1844 he came to the United States in order to open the house of Dennistoum, Wood & Co., of which he remained a partner until the 31st of De- cember, 1860. The retirement which he had earned by a professional life of upwards of thirty years was disturbed in 1863 by the formation of the Brit- ish and American Bank. He assumed the manage- ment of that concern, and retained it until 1869, when it was given up, and thereupon he finally retired from business. It was no life of inactivity and ease, however, upon which he then entered. In May of the same year he was appointed by Mayor Oakey Hall one of the Commissioners of Public Instruction. In May, 1870, he was offered, and accepted, a Commis- sionership of Docks, and in the following June was appointed to the Commission for widening Broad- way, succeeding A. T. Stewart on his retirement. The work of the last-mentioned Commission was finished the same year, and it was withdrawn after saving the City about a million and a half of money. Mr. Wood retained his seat at the Board of Education until the 4th of April, 1873, and at that of Docks until the 20th of May of the same year, when he and his colleagues were legislated out of office, and displaced by the Reform Party. Mayor Havemeyer wished to secure his services on the Board of Education, and offered him the Commis- sionership which he had formerly held, but Mr. Wood declined. He remained out of office until, by the death of Mr. Farr, Mayor Wickham had an op- portunity of repeating the offer of his predecessor, which Mr. Wood has accepted. By a singular coin- cidence he succeeds in the Commission the same man who took his seat two years ago. Mr. Wood brought the same qualities which in- sured his success in business to bear upon his public duties, and in that fact is to be discovered the reason of his being selected for the important position which he now occupies by three successive Mayors. His own education, and the theoretical knowledge he acquired by travelling of the school systems of other countries, rendered him eminently fit for the office. He first set himself the task of acquiring a full knowledge of all the details of our city system of education. He spared no pains and thought no labor too arduous in making himself conversant with all its workings. As a conse- quence, he was soon in a position to propose reforms and amendments. His early associations had, possibly, something to do with the formation of his ideas as to the status which a teacher ought to occupy. His own respect for the office and his appreciation of its importance have enabled him to keep constantly in view the desirability of elevat- ing the profession to a higher position in public estimation. In this connection we find him exert- ing himself, by means which ultimately led to success, in procuring an increase of salary to the female teachers in both grammar and primary schools. He was also, when out of office, one of the most outspoken opponents of the lately pro- posed reduction of teachers’ salaries. Although in favor of retrenchment in the expenditure of the City Government, he branded as the worst economy that which would tend to lower the position and influence of instructors and introduce an unde- sirable element into their body. Economy in that direction, he maintained, would be directly produc- tive of inefficiency. Mr. Wood is also identified with the measure which enacted that the annual holi- days in public schools should commence with the third instead of the last Friday in July. In effect- ing that much-desired reform he was actuated by the highest considerations of humanity as well as of expediency. His name will, however, possibly be longest and most gratefully remembered in connection with the foundation of the Normal Col- lege. His acquaintance with the Scotch system of educating teachers must have supplied him with a precedent for the great measure he was about to propose, while it may have suggested the reform he had in view. The fact that in this city there was almost no regard paid to the training of teach- ers, was one of the defects which he most quickly detected. In applying himself to devise a remedy, he acted in conjunction with Isaac Bell, William E. Duryea, Magnus Gross, and Bernard Smyth, and discharged the duties of Chairman of the Com- mittee which was appointed to superintend the organization of the Normal School. He gave the subject a great deal of time and attention, and the work was fortunately completed when he and his colleagues were legislated out of office. As Commissioner of Docks, Mr. Wood was equally thorough and efficient. At the time of his appoint- ment the Commission was entirely wanting in organization, and its labors embraced the prepara- tion of by-laws and the consideration of the scheme which has for its object the surrounding of Man- hattan Island with a line of docks. When carried out, New-York will have shipping accommodation second to that of no city in the world. Mr. Wood has been an active member of the St. Andrew’s Society of New-York, and filled the Presi- dent’s Chair in the years 1865 and 1866. His whole career has been that of a man who started in life with principles of the highest order, and who has clung to them ever since with the firmness of an honorable man and the tenacity of a Scotsman. Holding office under a corrupt adminis- tration, he yet preserved his name unsullied and his honor unimpeached. He has demonstrated to the world that an honest man may without con- tamination fill a position in the government of a city which was at the very time bringing disgrace upon the whole country. His tastes in his retire- ment are illustrative of his early education and tenderness. Living in the land of his adoption, he regards America with all the love of one of her own sons. Like many other eminent Scotsmen, he was, early in life, imbued with republican princi- ples. He was attracted toward this country by force of sympathy and professional ambition, and became bound to it by the ties of after life. With this later growth are associated all the memories of youth and education, which lend a mellower light to the intervening years. He has won the respect equally of his countrymen and of strangers, and represents all that is best and most manly in the character of an Americanized Scotsman. The Papal Nuncio.—King Alfonso received the Papal Nuncio on the 4th inst. He said he knew his duties to the Holy Father, and would fulfil them. I miss [--] [--] ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33A_F2_I5_p001.jpg) HARPER’S WEEKLY. SATURDAY, MAY 15, 1875. 2b ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33A_F2_I5_p002.jpg) great as the reformation has been, some of us still are dissatisfied." (Applause.) And much more, quite as good, which we have not space to copy. —The Mayor has appointed Mr. WILLIAM WOOD to fill the vacancy in the Board of Educa- tion occasioned by the death of Mr. JAMES W. FARR. Mr. WOOD was a member of the Board from 1869 to 1873, and is well known by the teachers and others interested in the cause of public education, to whom this appointment will undoubtedly give great satisfaction. He is a highly educated gentleman, of the strictest in- tegrity of character, and an eloquent and accom- plished speaker and debater. 2c —The New York Tribune, with that literary ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33A_F2_I6_p001.jpg) [For the Sunday Dispatch.] A HISTORY OF PHILADELPHIA: FROM THE TIME OF THE FIRST SETTLEMENTS ON THE DELAWARE TO THE CONSOLIDATION OF THE CITY AND DISTRICTS IN 1854. BY THOMPSON WESTCOTT. [ Entered according to Act of Congress, in the year 1875, by Thompson Westcott, in the office of the Librarian of Congress at Washington.] CHAPTER CCCCV. DRESS AND COSTUMES, HABITS AND MAN- NER OF LIVING, AMUSEMENTS, ETC., IN PHILADELPHIA BETWEEN 1775 AND 1800— CONCLUDED. Public pleasure gardens—Gray’s Ferry—Poeti- cal eulogy, 1787—Description of the garden— Gray’s Ferry on 4th of July—Harrowgate— Elegant decorations—Medical waters there— Pennsylvania Hotel and Garden at Bush Hill— Bates & Barley—Wigwam baths, Race street, Schuylkill—Tea garden—Louth Hall, Tenth street, above Arch—Lombardy, Market street, west of Broad—City of Hamburg, banks of Schuylkill—The first ice-cream house—Bosio’s, Germantown—The use of ice introduced by Robert Morris—Oellers’ ice-house at his hotel. The lower ferry at Schuylkill—usually called Gray’s Ferry—was fitted up as a garden and place of public resort shortly after the Revolu- tion, on the plan of the public gardens in London. There were walks, flowers, decora[-] tions, boxes for the guests, with refreshments of all kinds. These were varied with concerts and fireworks; and the garden, being the first of its kind near the city, enjoyed great popu- larity. The beauties of the place are thus de- scribed in the Columbian Magazine for August, 1787: VERSES UPON GRAY’S FERRY. Banished Parnassus and the neighboring plain! Thus did the Muses to their god complain: “A race unpolished has our seats possessed, And Greece, for arts crowned, with force op- pressed. Inured to spoil, they scorn the tuneful lyre, Our sacred numbers, and our heavenly fire! No more Anacreon’s flowing numbers move, Nor tender Sappho soothes the soul to love. Homer neglected lies, and Pindar’s flame No hero warms near fair Hinenus’ stream! Hear, then, thou beamy power—bright god of Day! Since every land lies open to thy ray— Some soft retreat, some airy mansion choose, And there from rage protect the injured Muse. " The god assents, and on the western way A winding vale, with skill divine, he forms, Secure from summer’s heat and winter's storms. The rocks and woods adorn its bending sides, And Schuylkill here in gentle murmur glides. Above the rest two rocks of equal size, With their aspiring fronts assail the skies; The one, ascended, yields the glorious sight Where Delaware and Schuylkill’s streams unite; The other, by hand of Art arrayed, Affords a mansion’s shelter and a forest’s shade! Upon the rugged cliff the birds of Jove Bring forth the pledges of their fruitful love; Here teach the young a bolder flight to dare, And bear the forky thunder through the air! Beyond these rocks the vale obliquely bends To where the Woodland’s airy mount ascends; There, down a steep, a fountain gently slides, Or, swelled with rain, rolls on its foamy tides; Then through the vale in wild meanders flows, Now hides its limpid head, now kindly shows. Oft have Diana and her virgin train, Fired with the pleasures of the open plain, In this recess their weary limbs reposed, And to soft winds their softer parts exposed. Here oft her train have round their goddess stood, While naked she enjoyed the silver flood! The Paphian Queen, and all her winged loves, For this have left their high Idalian groves; Here with the Muses passed their flowing hours, Near the cool streams or in the shady bowers, While the sweet wine their golden harps have strung, And Waller’s verse on Sacharlssa sung. Thus did Apollo for his choir prepare A seat removed from public strife and care. For which the Muse in gratitude has brought To Schuylkill’s banks the Greek and Roman thought; There to her Barlow gave the sounding string, And first taught Smith and Humphreys how to sing. Another enthusiast thus vented his opinions in soberer prose in the Columbian Magazine in 1790: ON THE BEAUTIES OF GRAY’S GARDENS, ON THE RIVER SCHUYLKILL. Every good citizen must, with heartfelt satis- faction, observe the many improvements, both useful and ornamental, which of late have dis- tinguished our country. Among these it is but just to number the elegant villa of the Messrs. Gray, as the first of the kind for public enter- tainment, not only in this State, but, I believe, on the continent. Every person that has, in the seasons past, visited this charming place has ad- mired its natural beauties, embellished by the hand of Genius, and will gratefully acknowledge the liberal spirit and judicious taste of the pro- prietors. The magnificent scenes which open to the view in every part of this delightful place re- ceive additional charms from a concert of music, vocal and Instrumental. The sweet lays of melody, mingling with the evening zephyrs, have a fine effect among the shady groves, the echoing rocks, and the silver meanders of the Schuylkill! I am convinced that amusements of this kind are beneficial in many respects. Firstly, the expense is very moderate, and pro- motes domestic circulation. Great part of it con- sists in the consumption of our native delicacies, improvement and embellishment of our country. I look with delight on every channel of industry which retains a part of that gold we have so long lavished on foreign toys. An agricultural people as we are, should be fond of gardening and orna- mental farming; but in this we have hitherto been deficient. A collection of the most valuable trees, shrubs, and flowers, in a public garden, will awaken a taste natural and noble, and, by displaying the native charms of our country, will make us love it the more. Secondly, the rural entertainments are conge- nial with republican manners, and have a salu- tary influence on public liberty. People of all conditions mix in friendly, pleasing society, walk under the same magnificent arch of heaven, and sit down on the verdant, blooming lap of mater- nal Nature; the rich and the poor meet in the same tranquil shade, like the oaks and willows; and the lovely, free-born daughters of America, whether in silk or homespun, crowd the gay par- terre, like the tulips and the lilies of the valley! Thirdly, the love of beautiful Nature softens, refines, and elevates the human mind—a fact well established by universal experience and the testi- monies of many excellent connoisseurs in human affairs. It is remarkable that public gardens are so little disordered by the concourse of mixed multitudes. The reason of this must be, that even rude minds are harmonized by the genius of the place, and are awed into veneration for its beauty. When the pleasure-grounds of the Messrs. Gray were first opened to the public, their friends apprehended vexatious mischief from the less cultivated part of their visitors; but were agreeably disappointed, notwithstanding the novelty of the scene and that impatience of restraint which, in some degree, is a necessary evil in very free countries. In this respect, I place elegant gardens among the nur- series of national virtue. The sacred page, in conformity with our finer feelings, has laid the scene of Man's first innocent and happy existence in a garden, and represents the future mansions of the just under the emblems of a paradise planted with the trees of Life, and watered by the crystal streams that spring from the throne of God! A mind accustomed to noble thoughts will fre- quently rise from Nature to Nature’s God, and exclaim, with the poet: “Hall! Source of being!—universal Soul Of heaven and earth! Essential Presence, hail! To Thee I bend the knee! To Thee my thoughts Continual climb, who with a master hand Hast the great whole into perfection touched!’’ A city poet thus broke out in eulogy, about the same time: LINES WRITTEN AT A COUNTRY- SEAT NEAR THIS CITY, ON SEEING CROWDS PASSING TO THE JUSTLY-CELE- BRATED GARDEN OF THE MESSRS. GRAY. How blythe and how jocund to see the folks pass, While pleasure the multitude sways— The sober old matron and sprightly young lass, All bound for the garden of Gray’s! The merchant from care and the sailor from sea; The beau from his balls and his plays; The doctor, the lawyer, the straight-laced and free— All fly to the garden of Gray’s! How various soe ’er the degrees that divide, In this but one principle sways: All love their own Schuylkill’s romantic, soft tide, And pay their devotion at Gray’s! In truth, what delight can with Nature compare When she the soft pastime surveys— When water and woodlands and verdure and air Invite to the garden of Gray’s? [end of column; start of new column] Nor only in Nature 's rich feast here supplied, Art yields, too, her musical lays; And each seems disposed to excel in the pride Of decking the garden of Gray’s! What beautiful flow ’rets! What arbors so gay! What rocks and what walks here amaze! What waterfalls die in soft murmurs away! What lights fill the garden of Gray’s! An emblem of concord amid all the States, The Union her color displays; Illumined she shines, while her splendor elates The crowds in the garden of Gray’s! Then haste here, ye rulers, so wise and sublime, Whose laws every nation shall praise; Behold here, with rapture, the progress of Time From wigwams—the garden of Gray’s! And thou, noble chieftain, whose valor in arms Forever shall crown thee with bays, Descend for a moment, and view all the charms Prepared for thy landing, at Gray’s! The branches that wave on the lights as they shine, The stream as meand’ring it strays, Shall fill thee with transports deservedly thine, Who saved even the garden of Gray’s! For what were these gardens, which now so de- light The Muse who their beauty surveys, But that Freedom, the fruit of thy virtues so bright, Still shines in the garden of Gray’s? Oh! long may her blessings these regions attire, And long be resounded their praise, Till bards shall arise of more strength or more fire, To pay worthy homage to Gray’s! S. On the 4th of July, 1790, the proprietors of Gray’s gardens gave a very splendid exhibi- tion. The floating bridge was decorated with shrubbery and flowers, and with flags repre- senting all the States in the Union. The ship Union—a prominent object of the Federal pro- cession of 1789—lay off the gardens, flying the colors of all nations, and was illuminated at night. A floating island, with a farm-house and garden, was also illuminated. The por- traits of the President of the United States, and statues of a number of heathen deities, were illuminated also. A rival to Gray’s Ferry soon arose at Harrow- gate, in the upper part of the county, which boasted of a mineral spring. The first account of this great assistance to the health of the city was made early in 1789, in the following method: Kind Providence has lately disclosed for the benefit of mankind, and in particular of the city and neighborhood of Philadelphia, a mineral spring, within four miles of this city, from which issues a water, the like in goodness is hardly met with anywhere, and, by its containing particles, must be of infinite service in chronic disorders. It cures them effectually with expedition and safety, without loss of strength. . . . . There is no need of random experiments to prove what I assert, since the analyzing of a water is, by far, more ascertaining of its effects in the human body, than random experiments during centuries can prove. The mixture of sulphur and alkaline salts with the finest particles of iron, dissolved together in a quantity of very light and soft water with the mineral spirit, must form a medicine whose powerful effects physicians only can deter- mine. To render this discovery serviceable to all who labor under chronic disorders, and to prevent their return by persons inclinable to them, the subscriber takes this opportunity to acquaint the world that this spring is at his plantation, on Gunner’s run, near the four-mile stone, on Frank- furd road, midway of Paschall’s lane. The capabilities of the water being thus set forth, the idea of making a place of resort next presented itself. Harrowgate was fitted up for public convenience, which fact was an- nounced as follows: MEDICAL WATERS; FOR DRINKING AND BATHING, AT HARROWGATE, WITHIN FOUR MILES OF PHILADELPHIA, NEAR THE FRANKFORD ROAD. The Author of Nature having provided the above-mentioned spot with two different kinds of mineral water, the subscriber has, at considerable expense, erected such buildings over as will ren- der them fit to be used either internally or exter- nally, according to the diseases of persons who may require them. These waters have been ex- amined by Doctors Rush, Mease, and Streble. The first spring contains a quantity of sul- phurous, or what these gentlemen call hepatic, air, and a small quantity of iron. It is remark- ably light, and resembles, both in composition and medicinal qualities, the famous Harrowgate waters in England. The second spring is a com- mon chalybeate water, and resembles the Bristol in this State. The subscriber submits it to the judgment of the physicians of Philadelphia whether the Harrow- gate waters have not rendered essential service to persons afflicted with diseases, &c., &c. * * * * * * * In the house erected over the Harrowgate waters are two shower-baths and two dressing- rooms, and at the chalybeate spring is a conve- nient bath for plunging and swimming. The subscriber returns his sincere thanks to the public for the generous encouragement he has re- ceived since his residence at Harrowgate, and hopes his future conduct will be such as to merit a continuance of their favors, as it shall be his study ever to give satisfaction to those who may honor him with their commands. The garden is in excellent order, and additional improvements made to render it agreeable and pleasant. He is determined to keep the best of liquors of all and every kind. Breakfast, dinners, tea, coffee, and fruits of all kinds, may be had at the shortest notice, and also excellent accommoda- tions for boarding and lodging. GEORGE ESTERLEY. N. B. —The light wagon for Harrowgate bath runs the 11th May, from Mr. Huber’s, at the sign of the Camel, in Second, above Race street, at 7 o’clock in the morning, and returns the same forenoon, and again sets out precisely at 3 o’clock, and returns in the evening. A new road is now open from Harrowgate, lead- ing into Germantown road. Philadelphia, May 7, 1789. The town poets became inspired by the sub- ject, and one of them sang the glories of the new spa in tolerable verse: THE BEAUTIES OF HARROWGATE, NEAR PHILADELPHIA. “ Me may the lowly vales and woodlands please, And winding streams and philosophic ease!” Thy waters, Helicon, each bard hath sung, Whence the gay, tuneful train successive sprung; Who from thy fountain drank delicious streams, Pregnant with fancy and sublimest themes; These Homer, Pindar, with sweet Sappho, quaff’d; And, mix’d with wine, Anacreon sipp’d and laugh’d. But the wonders of our own relate, And praise the streams of rural Harrowgate! Their min’ral mixture can the soul inspire To soaring odes, or to the tuneful lyre; To pensive mind a soothing medicine prove; Nay! blunt the pangs of unsuccessful love. Their numerous virtues please beyond compare: They cure the sick; add beauty to the fair; And ruin’d health, of age or youth, repair. Let Pyrmont’s well (of worth long since reveal’d By strolling quacks) to this blest fountain yield. Let England Bath or Buxton’s charms relate, We Philadelphians praise sweet Harrowgate! Though Bristol, Abingdon, and all combine, Still, lovely spot, the eclät shall be thine! E ’en Spa no more superior worth assumes— Virtue or worth no more her spring illumes; Nor Virtue smile, nor genuine beauty blooms! Polluted waters only Spa can boast— Slaves, rakes, and tyrants, and the painted, toast; Thence ev ’ry mark of real worth is fled, And Wisdom weeps, while Reason droops her head. Hither the gen ’rous and the gay repair, Sip the clear wave, and breathe salubrious air; The free their manly sentiments impart, And Beauty charms without the aid of Art! Subsequently Harrowgate, as a public gar- den, became a place for concerts and exhibi- tions, to which many thousands of citizens were wont to resort during the pleasant seasons of the year. In some of the notices of entertainments at Harrowgate it was called “ Vauxhall. ” In the summer of 1792, Monsieur Rolong, a fa- mous harpist, appeared here. Messrs. Phill, Schulz, Tremner, Roth, Christhilf, Spanger- berg, &c., assisted in an instrumental concert. Transparencies were exhibited, illuminated in the Chinese style. Kenna, of the Northern Liberty Theatre, gave a grand concert at Har- rowgate, July 4th, 1793. Messrs. Bates and Darley, performers at the new theatre, prepared a plan in June, 1796, by which they expected to make Bush Hill a popu- lar place of resort. They leased the mansion of Andrew Hamilton, there, with the gardens, and proposed to open, by subscription, the ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33A_F2_I6_p002.jpg) Pennsylvania Hotel and gardens. One hun- dred subscribers, at one hundred dollars each, were declared necessary—the money to be paid quarterly. The subscribers were to have free tickets to the exhibitions, concerts, and enter- tainments, and were to be repaid by Bates and Darley in ten years, by annual installments of ten dollars. After a trial of a few months, this scheme totally failed. The Wigwam baths, at the Wigwam, on the banks of the Schuylkill, at the foot of Race street, were fitted up in 1791 by John Coyle, with a bowling green, two shower-baths, and one plunging-bath. Priest says, in his “Travels through the United States, ” 1793-’97: One evening, at six o’clock, a party of pleasure went to a tea-garden and tavern romantically situated on the banks of the Schuylkill, famous for serving up coffee in style. On the table there were coffee, cheese, sweetcakes, hung beef, sugar, pickled salmon, butter, crackers, ham, cream, and bread. The ladies all declared it was a most charming relish. John Hyde, who succeeded Fraunces as stew- ard of President Washington, was in 1791 at Louth Hall, which was on the west side of Tenth street, between Mulberry and Sassafras streets. That house had formerly been kept by James Byrnes. Hyde’s was a place specially famous for good dinners. It was at one time kept by Richardet, and at a later period by Fo- quet. In December, 1798, was advertised to be rented a new brick house, with or without the garden, “in that healthful and pleasant place, Lombardy, on the west side of the public square.” Hugh Henry was the owner, who had a manufactory of hair-powder on the pre- mises. S. Test advertised, in April, 1799, “the City of Hamburg—a new and beautiful house, opened on the banks of the Schuylkill." Bosio advertised his “ice-cream house”— the first establishment of that kind in the city— in Germantown, “nearly opposite the Spread Eagle,” in 1800. The translator of De Chastellux says that Robert Morris was the first to introduce hot- houses and ice-houses on the American conti- nent. Wanzey says Oellers’ ice-house, at his hotel, was “under the steps where you enter from the street.” [TO BE CONTINUED.] ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33A_F2_I7_p001.jpg) AMONG THE MORMONS. Captain Codman Attends a Mormon Court—A Model Mormon Establishment—The Ride to Logan—The Cost of the Trip to Soda Springs. [Correspondence of the Evening Post.] SALT LAKE CITY, September 15,1874. Before leaving Swan Creek we attended an ecclesiastical court. It is the practice of the Mormons to settle all disputes with each other by referring them to a tribunal of their own, rather than to encourage litigation and employ lawyers. Our host, Mr. Clark, had “jumped” an adjoining tract of land which a brother Mormon had pre- empted five years before, but never occupied. In strict conformity to the laws of the United States —and this was not disputed—Clark had gone upon the land last year, put up fences and raised a crop of wheat. Finding the land had now be- come valuable, the original pre-emptor came back and took possession. This is the case before the tribunal. The court was held in a log cabin fifteen feet square. At one end was a chair for the presi- dent, and on extemporized benches sat the coun- cil of twelve, six on each side. The plaintiff, de fendant and witnesses were all placed between the two rows of councillors. This is the regular form. The court was opened with prayer, and then the parties to the suit each told his own story, producing his own witnesses. They both agreed to let the question be settled by the coun cil, reserving the right of appeal to the head of the church at Salt Lake, but in no case to the law courts of the land. When the evidence was all in and the argu- ments had been concluded, which occupied two hours, the president gave his decision, subject to objection from any of the council. There was no opposition to it, beyond some slight modifications. The verdict was that the original pre-emptor should retain the property, but that he should pay brother Clark for all the expense he had been at for it. As Clark wants the land more than the money, he took an appeal to Brigham Young. Then everybody shook hands all round, and the court was closed with an invocation of the divine blessing. The farmers harnessed their teams and went home satisfied with the reflec- tion that, if they had done no good, they had certainly done no harm, and—a consolation that no lawyer ever feels—that they had put nobody to the expense of a dollar. We parted from Mr. Clark and his family with sincere regret, although I confess their continual labors for our conversion began to weigh rather heavily upon us; but all their revelations and va- garies will not balance their many acts of kind- ness. We rode along the banks of the lake for seven miles, under the shade of a natural avenue of cottonwood and willows, forgetting our curi- osity to see the “lake monsters” in the contem- plation of the many beauties of water, sky and mountain that needed no legends or power of imagination to make them attractive. Then our road turned to the right and led us around the foot of a mountain to a town fitly named Meadow- ville. Of course it is a “city,” although a settle- ment of only a dozen log huts. Fording a stream called Duck Creek, a mile beyond and fifteen miles from the house of Mr. Clark, we came to the ranche of Mr. Earle. He is a Mormon of a different stamp. What- ever religious bigotry he may have he keeps to himself; and, if in the neighboring houses we had not seen two young women, and a crowd of chil- dren who evidently belonged to him, we should not have surmised that the family who enter- tained us were other than ordinary Gentiles. Mrs. Earle is an English woman, who, as she frankly confessed, had been at service in her youth, when her husband was a gamekeeper’s boy in the “New Forest.” It is their only boast of Mormonism that it has been the means of elevating them from their former condition to the proprietorship of this magnificent ranche. Here they have great droves of cattle, flocks of sheep and herds of horses ranging the slopes of mountain pastures, and three hundred acres of land, which produce fifteen hundred bushels of wheat and the like quantity of oats and of corn. Here they make tons of butter and cheese, and live literally on the “fat of the land;” while if there is any poetry in their souls their notions must be enlarged with their estate. When Goldsmith mourned over his deserted vil- lage of the plain, could his eye have rested on a scene like this, where man becomes his own master under Nature’s smiles and fed by her teeming abundance, he would not have deplored the fate of “Sweet Auburn” in his plaintive song. Mr. Earle had nothing to say about his “blessed religion" and its soul-comforting reve- lations, but looking around him he might well exclaim, with grateful Addison : “When all thy mercies, oh, my God, My rising soul surveys. Transported with the view, I’m lost In wonder, love and praise!” His frequent reference to the everyday pleas- ures of his life showed that among all his mercies he counted as not the least "the thankful heart that tastes those gifts with joy.” Did the sun shine brighter, were the meadows more green, the mountains more purple, the stacks of yellow grain more abundant, or was there not, besides all these, something in the quiet contentment of the people around us that caused us to enjoy the day we spent in this happy valley more than any other one of our journey? Very opportunely, Mr. Earle was intending on the next day to go down in his wagon through the cañons towards Logan, a distance of fifty miles, and we took advantage of this to ease our animals of their heavy packs of luggage. After a morning of successful shooting on the meadows we left the ranche, in company with its owner. Passing over the first divide we obtained a fare- well view of Bear Lake, and after that our path wound through a labyrinth of mountains, up and down wild cañons, by the side of rushing streams, the scenery ever changing; green slopes, perpen- dicular crags, lovely valleys, all succeeding each other so rapidly that a confused memory of beauties was left upon our minds. In this way we passed over twenty-seven miles, and at evening came to “Blacksmith Forks,” where the cañon of that name begins its descent to Logan, and the Ogden cañon branches off to the left. We camped on the banks of the head- waters of Logan River. Having hoppled our saddle beasts, and tied the others to the wagon wheels, we built a fire and cooked some grouse and ducks shot on the way, and then, after a so- cial game of euchre by the light of the camp fire, we made our preparations for the night. Mr. Earle kindly gave up his bed by stepping out of his wagon, where we lay down upon the hay with a glorious blue canopy spangled with stars over our heads, and although the frost was so se- vere at this altitude of seven thousand feet that our breath froze upon the blankets, we passed a night of luxurious sleep unknown to those who lie upon “downy beds of ease.” The morning was excessively cold, but we were soon made warm by a good fire and an excellent breakfast similar to our supper of the evening before; and then, as the sun, long after his actual rising, was climbing the mountains on our left we saddled and harnessed our beasts and re sumed our journey. The remaining twenty-five miles was a continual descent by the side of the stream, and had I not read in the Evening Post just received that “descriptions of scenery are generally wearisome ” and taken the hint to myself, I should perhaps have tried to convey to your readers some of the im pressions which the ever-recurring changes made [—] It was an uninterrupted scene of gran- [—]ing from the cañon, we came [—]che Valley, and then, [—]est ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33A_F3_I1_p001.jpg) Major Gen. Thos. L. Kane, My Dear General: The M[-]s. which you have given me the privilege of reading has been very interesting to me. There are passages in it the perusal of which touched me so deeply that I could not repress tears. Such a journal as this, confided to friends, cannot fail to do good and dissipate many prejudices and misconceptions which prevail in relation to the people of Utah. At least I think so. They are a feeble and comparatively friendless people, and it is so seldom that even a mode- rately fair description of them and their modes of life is given in private circles, much less to the public, that when I read such a felicitous narrative as this M[-]s. of Mrs. Kane's I wish the whole world could read it. But this would be asking too much. Mrs. K's remarkable oppor- tunities of seeing the people in their homes and under cir- cumstances where their miner life was open to her scrutiny, make her experience among them of rare value. I know ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33A_F3_I1_p002.jpg) of no non-Mormon lady beside herself who has had such opportunities. I feel quite safe in saying that not one of the persons alluded to in the journal will take the least exception to the manner in which their households are described. To make contrasts vivid and striking there must be shadows. The people of Utah fully understand that rose-colored no- tices of them are viewed with distrust, and that a journal written as this is will be more accepta- ble to a large number of readers than one which should contain only kind and flattering descrip- tions. With kind regards to yourself, Mrs. Kane and family I am, Your Friend, Geo.Q.Cannon Washington City, D.C.,} March 9th, 1874} ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33A_F3_I2_p001.jpg) 1874. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD. Mr. HOSKINS. I call the previous question on this bill; and I give notice that I will not withdraw that call. Mr. SPEER. It has been stated here that there were between 4,000 and 5,000 voters in the country affected by this bill. I desire to say that there are but 778 voters, and the passage of this bill may result in a tax of $250 on each one of them. The question being taken upon seconding the call for the previous question, upon a division there were—ayes 46, noes 47; no quorum voting. Tellers were ordered; and Mr. HOSKINS and Mr. BURCHARD were appointed. The House again divided; and the tellers reported that there were— ayes 80, noes 78. So the previous question was seconded. Mr. RANDALL. On ordering the main question I call for the yeas and nays. The yeas and nays were ordered, there being 39 in the affirmative, more than one-fifth of the last vote. Mr. BURCHARD. Pending the order for the main question, I move to lay the bill on the table. The question was taken on laying the bill on the table; and upon a division there were—ayes 68, noes 69; no quorum voting. Mr. BURCHARD. I call for the yeas and nays on that motion, for it will come to that. The yeas and nays were ordered. Mr. HYNES. Would it be in order to move to reconsider the vote by which the previous question was seconded, so as to recommit the bill to the committee ? The SPEAKER. If the motion to lay on the table was withdrawn the motion to reconsider would be in order. Mr. BURCHARD. I have no objection to its being recommitted. Mr. RANDALL. It should go to the Committee of the Whole, if anywhere. Mr. FORT. I think it should go back to the committee. Mr. BURCHARD. With the understanding that it shall be recom- mitted I withdraw the motion to lay the bill on the table. Mr. RANDALL. I shall object to recommitting the bill to the Committee on the Territories. We already have the sense of that committee on the subject. I propose that the bill be referred to the Committee of the Whole. The SPEAKER. If the motion to lay on the table is withdrawn, a majority of the House can determine the reference. The motion of Mr. HYNES, to reconsider the vote by which the pre- vious question was seconded, was agreed to. The question recurring on seconding the previous question, it was not seconded. Mr. HYNES. I now move to recommit the bill to the Committee on the Territories. Mr. HOLMAN. I move to amend the motion so as to refer the bill to the Committee of the Whole. Mr. HYNES. I accept that amendment as a modification of my motion. The SPEAKER. Then the motion is simply to refer the bill to the Committee of the Whole on the state of the Union. Mr. BUTLER, of Massachusetts. And that it be printed. Mr. HYNES. I modify my motion by adding a provision that the bill be printed. The motion, as modified, was agreed to. So the bill was referred to the Committee of the Whole on the state of the Union, and ordered to be printed. Mr. RANDALL moved to reconsider the vote just taken; and also moved that the motion to reconsider be laid on the table. The latter motion was agreed to. WALLA WALLA AND COLUMBIA RIVER RAILROAD. Mr. HOSKINS reported, from the Committee on the Territories, a bill (H. R. No. 2340) to amend an act entitled “An act granting the right of way to the Walla Walla and Columbia River Railroad Company, and for other purposes;” which was read a first and second time, ordered to be printed and recommitted, not to be brought back on a motion to reconsider. EXECUTION OF LAWS IN UTAH. Mr. McKEE, from the Committee on the Territories, reported back the bill (H. R. No. 2204) concerning the execution of laws in the Territory of Utah, and for other purposes. The Clerk proceeded to read the bill, but was interrupted by Mr. G. F. HOAR, who said: I desire to make a point of order on this bill. The bill is very long, and perhaps it may save time to make the point now, though I will reserve it until the close of the reading, if the Chair deems that course best. The SPEAKER. What point does the gentleman make ? Mr. G. F. HOAR. The rule adopted by the House at the present session provides that— Bills making appropriations of money or property, or requiring such appropria- tions to be made, shall be first discussed in Committee of the Whole. Now, this bill provides for a large number of new offices. For in- stance, in the first section it provides for the appointment of deputy marshals, and in the third section for the appointment of assistant district attorneys. It prescribes the duties of these new officers, and [next column] that “ the same fees and emoluments as the district attorney would be entitled to for the same service shall be allowed for the services of assistant district attorneys.” Then the twenty-third section provides for the appointment of other new officers of the United States, to wit, judges and clerks of election. All these provisions peremptorily re- quire an appropriation of money from the Treasury of the United States. Mr. McKEE. The bill makes no appropriation of money and re- quires no new appropriation. A deputy marshal or an assistant dis- trict attorney will draw but the same pay which the marshal or the district attorney would have drawn. The bill creates no new office, but merely assistants; and it makes no appropriation of money. Mr. G. F. HOAR. There may be ten of these assistant district attorneys trying different causes at different times; and they are all to be paid by fees from the Treasury of the United States; and an appropriation of money must be made to provide for their compensa- tion. It must be manifest that the creation of a dozen new offices must impose additional expense upon the United States. Under this bill the Government may be paying from the Treasury ten men when without the bill it would be paying but one man. Mr. McKEE. To speak more correctly, the United States will be paying for so many prosecutions—no more, no less. If an assistant district attorney, instead of the district attorney himself, attends to a prosecution, the assistant receives the pay instead of the district attorney. The bill requires no new appropriation. The SPEAKER. Does the bill authorize the appointment of any officer not already authorized by the Government of the United States? Mr. McKEE. It requires the appointment of assistant attorneys. The SPEAKER. Not now authorized by law ? Mr. POTTER. And assistant marshals. The SPEAKER. The point which the Chair wants to get at is this: Does the bill create any additional office or officers for which the United States will be responsible and which do not now exist by law ? Mr. BUTLER, of Massachusetts. Eight or ten. Mr. McKEE. I say they are not new offices. The SPEAKER. The gentleman from Massachusetts, in making his point of order, directed attention to the twenty-third section, among others. As that section is brief, the Chair will ask the Clerk to read it. The Clerk read as follows : SEC. 23. That at any general or special election held in the Territory of Utah, the election precinets shall be established and designated at least thirty days before the election. The governor, United States attorney, and secretary of the Territory shall have power to appoint one judge and one clerk of election for each election precinct in the Territory so established, and to establish such additional precincts as may be necessary to secure to the people a free and fair election, and to appoint the judges and clerks of election at such additional precincts. Mr. G. F. HOAR. Let me make one suggestion. Will it be ger- mane for me to move a provision specifically establishing the salary of these officers ? The SPEAKER. The Chair was coming to that. He will direct the Clerk to read the first section of the bill. Mr. McKEE. Right here I should like to say these are territorial officers, and that the Government does not pay them at all. The SPEAKER. The Clerk will now read a portion of the first section of the bill. The Clerk read as follows: That the United States marshal of Utah Territory may appoint deputies in each of the judicial districts of said Territory; said deputies shall be authorized to enter upon the discharge of their duties upon the approval of such appointments by the judge of the district court of the district in which each is appointed. The SPEAKER. The Clerk will also read a part of the third sec- tion of the bill. The Clerk read as follows: SEC. 3. That the United States district attorney of said Territory may also ap- point assistants in each of the judicial districts of said Territory; provided that before any such assistants shall enter upon the discharge of his duties, his appoint- ment shall be approved by the presiding judge of the district court of the district for which such appointment is made; and said assistant shall take and subscribe to the same oath prescribed by law to be taken by the district attorney, and said appointment, approval, and oath shall be entered upon the records of said courts. The SPEAKER. The Chair directs particular attention to the fol- lowing paragraph: The Clerk read as follows : The same fees and emoluments as the district attorney would be entitled to for the same service shall be allowed for the services of assistant district attorneys. The SPEAKER. The gentleman from Mississippi, who reports the bill from the Committee on the Territories, will observe this does ac- tually create a large number of new offices under the authority of the United States; and although it does not designate any special salary to be paid to them except in the case just read, yet it would be per- fectly germane to move as an amendment to the bill an appropriation of a sum of money specifically fixing their salaries. The rule which the House is now acting under, adopted at the beginning of this ses- sion, was intended to entirely do away with any indirect appropriation from the Treasury; and the Chair thinks this does bind and require the United States to make an appropriation of money should it be- come a law. The Chair further thinks an amendment to this bill, should it be considered in the House, fixing a specific salary for the officers authorized in this bill, would be a germane amendment which he could not rule out. Mr. McKEE. I submit to the Speaker that when a proposition is ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33A_F3_I2_p002.jpg) CONGRESSIONAL RECORD. MARCH 5, [left column] made to give salaries to these officers, then, and not till then, does this question of order arise. The SPEAKER. Does the gentleman from Massachusetts contem- plate that all the officers provided for in this bill shall serve without salary? Mr. McKEE. Only with such salary as is now allowed by law; that, and not one dollar more. The SPEAKER. But these offices do not now exist. Mr. McKEE. An assistant attorney can hardly he considered as an officer at all, because at all times any United States attorney may get any other attorney to assist him in the discharge of his duties. The SPEAKER. But how will it be in regard to the different judges of election precincts throughout the Territory? Mr. McKEE. They would come in under the territorial law. There are such judges of election precincts in existence in that Territory now. The SPEAKER. And they are authorized to be appointed by the United States for this purpose. Mr. McKEE. There is a provision as to who shall appoint them, and that one at least shall be appointed by the governor instead of allowing the territorial Legislature to appoint them all. It merely provides for the appointment of one by the governor, and does not change the source of their pay in any respect whatever. It does not make any change in the least in that respect, but merely provides the governor shall appoint in certain cases. Mr. GARFIELD. The Committee on Appropriations now reports appropriations to pay for prosecutions by the United States district attornies in the Territories. Such appropriations come regularly in the appropriation bill, and in case any new offices are provided by this bill, we would have, of course, to provide for an appropriation to pay for their services. The SPEAKER. The Chair cannot help thinking this bill will require for its enforcement a considerable appropriation of money from the United States Treasury. Does the gentleman himself state that it would not require any appropriation? Mr. McKEE. I certainly do; and I also state that I would oppose any amendment offered to the bill in the House which would propose any appropriation, as I would oppose any appropriation bill to pay these officers any further salary than that which they now get. They do not get more money than the district attorney would get for dis- charging these duties without the assistance of these persons. Mr. BUTLER, of Massachusetts. The gentleman from Mississippi will pardon me for a single observation. Now all the fees go to the district attorney up to a certain point. When he gets his salary the remainder is covered into the Treasury of the United States. The fees may amount to $100,000, but he only gets a certain amount. If he has so many assistants authorized by law, who are to receive pay under this bill, then they are to be paid out of the fees and emolu- ments, and to that extent the money is taken out of the Treasury of the United States. Mr. POTTER. They would have to be paid by appropriation either in this or some other bill. Mr. ELDREDGE. I wish to make a suggestion. The SPEAKER. The Chair desires to hear suggestions, because on a point of this kind he wishes to decide after the fullest deliberation. Mr. ELDREDGE. I suggest that that bill is so framed that an amendment could properly be added to it which would pay these additional officers, even if the bill should not provide that. The SPEAKER. That is what the Chair has already suggested. Mr. McKEE. Could not the same amendments be put into other bills? The SPEAKER. They would not be germane. Any bill that can be considered in the House, as against the point that it should go to the Committee of the Whole, cannot have a germane amendment made to it appropriating money. The point is whether, if this bill is allowed to be considered in the House, an amendment affixing different salaries to the offices from what the committee proposes is not germane. The Chair does not wish to put himself in this attitude, that a bill shall be considered in the House, as against the point that it should have its first consideration in Committee of the Whole, and then exclude an amendment which would be obviously a germane amendment to the bill. Suppose for one moment—and the Chair invites the attention of the chairman of the committee to this—sup- pose for one moment that, where a bill reports certain fees and emoluments to be allowed to the assistant attorney, some gentleman proposes double those fees and emoluments, on what ground can the Chair rule that out as an amendment not germane? Mr. McKEE. Then I contend that in all cases we shall have a strict construction of this rule. The SPEAKER. That is what the Chair has been trying to do for the past three months—to give a very strict construction to the rule. And the Chair begs the attention of the House to this point, that any bill which may be legitimately considered in the House, as against the point that it shall go to the Committee of the Whole, cannot have a germane amendment appropriating money or property, and any amendment of that nature would therefore be ruled out at once. And that is one of the touch-stones whereby to test the rule, that if a bill, even against the apparent wording of the text, is open to a ger- mane amendment, making an appropriation, the bill becomes obnox- ious to the point of order. [right column] Mr. McKEE. Then we can hardly introduce any bill that touches in any way upon any office but it may be ruled that it shall go to the Committee of the Whole. The SPEAKER. The rule simply is, that the Committee of the Whole shall first discuss the bill. The gentleman from Mississippi [Mr. McKee] will observe that this is merely as to the process, the parliamentary process, not affecting the merits of the bill at all. The Chair has no right to rule, and does not desire to rule in any way at all, touching the provisions of a bill. He merely rules as to the par- liamentary process to which it shall be subjected. And the Chair thinks, after having looked at the matter carefully, that this bill is unquestionably liable to the point of order, and must have its first consideration in Committee of the Whole. The bill was accordingly referred to the Committee of the Whole on the state of the Union. Mr. CROUNSE. I propose to move a substitute for the bill when it is considered in Committee of the Whole, and I ask that the sub- stitute, which I send to the desk, may be printed. There was no objection, and it was so ordered. ORDER OF BUSINESS. Mr. RANDALL. I demand the regular order. The SPEAKER. The regular order being called, the gentleman from Kentucky [Mr. ARTHUR] is entitled to the floor on the trans- portation bill. Mr. GARFIELD. I ask the indulgence of the gentleman from Ken- tucky, while I inquire of the House whether an arrangement can be made for taking up the legislative, executive, and judicial appropria- tion bill? I do not wish to interrupt the progress of the debate on the transportation bill, and least of all would I desire to interfere, in any way, with the speech of the gentleman from Kentucky. But I am desirous that the House will fix a period, either to-day or to- morrow morning, when we may take up the legislative appropriation bill. I ask unanimous consent that to-morrow morning, at the con- clusion of the morning hour, that bill shall be made the special order. Mr. RANDALL. I must object to that. Mr. GARFIELD. I understand there are two gentlemen who wish to speak on the bill pending to-day, and I think after they have been heard we may proceed to take up the legislative appropriation bill to-morrow. Mr. RANDALL. The bill in relation to the distribution of docu- ments comes up to-morrow morning. I have no objection to the legislative appropriation bill being taken up after that is disposed of. Mr. GARFIELD. If the bill to which the gentleman alludes is taken up to-morrow it will run through the whole day. IMPROVEMENT OF MOUTH OF MISSISSIPPI. Mr. STONE, from the Committee on Railways and Canals, reported a bill (H. R. No. 2341) for the improvement of the mouth of the Mis- sissippi River; which was read a first and second time, ordered to be printed, and recommitted to the Committee on Railways and Canals not to be brought back by a motion to reconsider. BANKRUPTCY BILL. Mr. POLAND. The supply of copies of the bankruptcy bill having become exhausted, I ask that, by unanimous consent, the bill be re- printed—the usual number of copies. There was no objection, and it was so ordered. INDIAN APPROPRIATION BILL. Mr. LOUGHRIDGE, from the Committee on Appropriations, re- ported a bill (H. R. No. 2342) making appropriations for the current and contingent expenses of the Indian Department, and for fulfilling treaty stipulations with various Indian tribes, for the year ending June 30, 1875, and for other purposes; which was read a first and second time, referred to the Committee of the Whole on the state of the Union, and ordered to be printed. Mr. BECK. I reserve all points of order on the bill. Mr. LOUGHRIDGE. I ask that the bill be made a special order in Committee of the Whole on the state of the Union after the legisla- tive, executive, and judicial appropriation bill shall have been dis- posed of. Mr. COBURN. I would inquire for what time the legislative bill has been fixed? The SPEAKER. Not for any time; but the gentleman from Iowa asks that this bill shall be made a special order after that bill is dis- posed of. It is rather an indefinite way of making a special order, but it will come up some time. Is there objection to the request of the gentleman from Iowa? The Chair hears none, and the order will be made. IMPROVEMENT OF CAPITOL GROUNDS. Mr. PLATT, of Virginia, I desire to give notice that on Monday next, if I can obtain the floor, I shall move to suspend the rules, to have taken from the Committee of the Whole on the state of the Union Senate bill No. 360, in regard to the improvement of the Capi- tol grounds. ORDER OF BUSINESS. Mr. GARFIELD. I desire unanimous consent of the House to allow us to go into Committee of the Whole on the state of the Union, for the special consideration of the legislative, executive, and judicial ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33A_F3_I3_p001.jpg) W[--]erly Jun 14 (59 Col Thos L Kane [---] On the 3d or 4th inst I sent the ame address "Phila' a letter enclosing A[-]tr on N.Y. for $200 & my c[---] on F[---] Phila, for $300 = $500, not having heard from you since, I write for information as to safe arrival — Respectfully H Payne I have just Recd and have under consideration a proposal to manufacture the R[---] on No 231- 214, & 215, on two mile Rt of Q[--]sta at the bases – Mill to be erected on the land say 231– & my half [-]ited up at the Mill, I regard this as a good offer – but as I only own the undecided half of the above named lots, I cannot decide without consulting the owners of the other half Would you join in such a contract and include 230- & half of 215- Yours Respectfully H Payne ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33A_F3_I3_p002.jpg) Payne about cheques. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33A_F3_I4_p001.jpg) A Report upon sundry Lands in McKean and Elk Counties, Pennsylvania, in the vicinity of the Route of the Sunbury and Erie Railroad. BY P.W. SHEAFER. Formerly of the State Geological Survey of Pennsylvania. TO H. PAYNE, ESQ., AND OTHERS. GENTLEMEN: In reply to your queries with reference to your lands in McKean and Elk Counties, Pa., I can say that they are within the great bituminous basin on the western slope of the Alleghenies, partly in Wetmore Township, McKean County, and partly in Highland Township, Elk County. They embrace over seven thousand acres of land, which are situated on the head waters of the Tionesta, a tributary of the Allegheny River, and are numbered on the maps of McKean and Elk Counties as follows, viz:— McKEAN COUNTY. No. of Warrant 2,452 No. of Subdivisions 214 & 231 No. of Acres 450 official quantity. do. 2,399 do. 215 & 216 do. 450 do. do. 2,597 do. 259 do. 225 do. do. 2,585 do. 299 do. 225 do. do. 2,395 do. 298 do. 225 do. do. 2,342 do. 338 do. 225 do. do. 2,562 do. 339 & 346 do. 450 do. do. 2,318 do. 310 do. 225 do. do. 2,582 do. 429 & 430 do. 450 do. do. 2,466 do. 431 .& 432 do. 450 do. do. 2,582 do. 416 & 415 do. 450 do. do. 2,466 do. 414 & 413 do. 450 do. do. 2,310 do. 335 do. 225 do. do. 2,391 do. 312 do. 225 do. do. 2,399 do. 227 do. 225 do. do. 2,589 do. 373 do. 225 do. ELK COUNTY. No. of Warrant 3,764 No. of Acres 1,000 official quantity. do. 3,767 do. 1,000 do. —— 7,175 acres. The actual quantity generally overruns the official; the warrants usually contain about 1,000 acres each, which would add, perhaps, ten per cent. to the above amount. I had occasion to visit the vicinity of these lands in the autumn of 1857, on a geological exploration of adjoining tracts. I now refer to my notes, made at the time, on the ground, and am enabled to say that your lands are generally within the coal area, particularly those on the ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33A_F3_I4_p002.jpg) high summits between the streams. In such tracts I should expect to find the same deposits as were developed in the same range further north, viz., Fossiliferous Limestone, Carbonate of Iron, 2 1/2 feet; the Splint Coal 4 feet; Black Band Iron Ore, 1 1/2 feet, and Bituminous and Cannel Coal about 5 feet. These various alternating beds are found low in the series, and it is but reasonable to sup- pose that you should find them upon your estate, in the same relative positions in which they are found to the north and southwest of your lands. I would here suggest the propriety of developing your estate by actual shaftings, which could readily be done along the hill slopes, without great expense. Should you require more particulars with reference to above deposits, I would respectfully refer you to the several reports of gentlemen well skilled in the profession, all of whom agree, in the main, as to the existence and value of the mineral lands of the above district. See Prof. Owens' (of the Kentucky State Surveys) Report of the Tunangwant region, and to Prof. James Hall (of the New York State Survey), who explored the Lafayette district, both in McKean Co., and to Mr. Dalson's report and maps of the McKean and Elk Co.'s lands; also to my own report of the Bingham estate lands, in the same vicinity. I extract from the McKean and Elk Co.'s Report the following analysis of coals, taken not far from your lands, made by Prof. Chilton, of New York City. "Fused Carbon 58.87; Bitumen or Gas 33.27; Water 4; Ash 3.86=100;" he says further: "This is a remarkably good quality of coal. It yields a good substantial coke, and its mode of burning resembles the best kind of Liverpool Coal." I also cite an experiment made by the Manhattan Gas Company of New York, with McKean County Coal: "150 lbs. produced gas as follows: 1st hour, 145 feet; 2d hour, 153 feet; 3d hour, 155 feet; 4th hour, 127 feet; 5th hour, 69 feet; say 649 feet, or 4.32 to the lb.; one ton of 2,240 lbs. will produce 9,601 feet of gas and 44 bushels of coke, weighing 1,560 lbs. The coke is of superior quality." Now that the Sunbury and Erie Railroad is being opened through to Erie, and passing near and through a portion of your lands, you will soon have an outlet for these treasures, so long hidden in the wilderness. And you must congratulate yourselves in owning lands which are among the nearest to the important harbor of Erie, from whence you can supply the Lake trade, the Canadas, and the various markets in the same vicinity. I must not omit to state the fact that your lands are heavily timbered with hemlock, beech, birch, maple, besides some cherry and pine. Also, that the soil is good, not stony, and suscep- tible of a high state of cultivation. I am, very respectfully, your obedient servant, P.W. SHEAFER. POTTSVILLE, Feb. 28, 1859. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33A_F3_I4_p003.jpg) TLK From H. Payne July 11. 1859 I have done business through the [---] since 55, and it is not pleasant to my feelings to have this 98 cts p[-]tied in for 1st time. as an excuse for dishonoring my d[---] [---] in good faith. [---]ture my Honor was at stake - I have not the least doubt that the Book keep has made the mistake and as I hinted to the cash [--] in my little I expect the check will be again presented for payt with inst [---] see damages [-] to join in consequence of this delay [---] covered to make good Yours truly H Par[--] ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33A_F3_I4_p004.jpg) W[---]y July 11, 59 Col. Thos L Kane [---] Finding no reply to my letter from S[---] are my return home, I wrote again to the [-] the Bk, and recd an answer yesterday — from the Cashr stating, "The ballance of your [---]t " account being as [---] our Books $299. Your th[-] [---] was caused by an overdraft [---] of 98 cents — created Aug 3, 55 charged against your deposit of May 20 59" In reply I send a copy of c[---] in my Bank book of 1855 — in which I cr the Bk with payts of [---] checks — which exactly ballance my deposits — at that time " W[---] Esq [-] The above is a copy of Entries in my Bk Book — my check to Thos L Kane has not been Returned to me & will probobably be presented again at Bk for payt with inst. [--] comparing with Recpts [-] I am unable to find any mistake on my part and as I wish to make the [---] Honorable, with Col Kane Since he obliged by a Refference to the clerk which differs in and from above Respectfully - H Payne [--] ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33A_F3_I5_p001.jpg) R. BIDDLE ROBERTS, JNO. MELLON, U. S. Attorney, W. D. of Penn'a. Late Black & Mellon. ROBERTS & MELLON, Attorneys at Law, OFFICE, No. 76 Grant Street. Pittsburgh, Decr 8th 1860 Dear Sir Enclosed please find Mr Sprone's receipt for $6 fees paid for Certified Copy of Record for you– The Abolishion sentiment is I fear as strong as ever and much to be deplored our people seem utterly insensible to their Southern business interests– Here you pardon me for troubling you on behalf of an acquaintance who has a mania for autographs and is very desirous of obtaining of your lamented and admired Brother Dr Kane– If not inconvenient I should feel obliged ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33A_F3_I5_p002.jpg) by your compliance with this request — Truly Yours R. Biaah Roberts. Col. Kane — ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33A_F3_I6_p001.jpg) Princeton NJ 21 March 1874 Dear General I am sorry to say that your second letter has come too late for me to act upon its suggestions. I had already this morning returned the proof-sheets, suffering that you had an understanding with the Messrs [-]iffincott that they might expect them from Princeton. I will write and request them to acknowledge the receipt of the document. I read the sheets very carefully, and found but one or two changes to suggest. Several others, indeed, occured ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33A_F3_I6_p002.jpg) to me; but I could not take the responsibility of sending them to the printer without your approval. One in particular, I remember, referred to a phrase which you had inserted - "For one hour of that exalted life-" which I thought too stately for such a speaker. But I am only a Gentile critic and may do her injustice The narrative is admirable in all respects, for style, good sense, good taste, philosophy, humor, impartiality.I wish it could be published. Why not? It would be the best compilation yet made toward the solution of the greatest riddle of American civilization ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33A_F3_I6_p003.jpg) I rejoice with you in the successful termination of your errand to Philad– elphia. If this letter finds you at Ch[---]ton Street, please give my love to Lily and the children, and beh[---] me Faithfully Your's Charles W Shields Genl T L Kane ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33A_F3_I7_p001.jpg) Part of a letter commenced by Dr Geo. A. Ripley about my book, and copied by K. who dropped in at appleton's building while he was writing it. May 1874 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33A_F3_I7_p002.jpg) My dear General: I have looked over these pages with sincere interest, and I can truly add with great pleasure. They evince uncommon power of description and the language of is always that of a cultivated and refined writer. They have the rare merit of seizing the most important points without burdening the narrative with superfluous details. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33A_F3_I7_p003.jpg) I have no doubt that if published the world work would be welcomed by many readers and prove a valuable additition to the American library of <[---] sketches.> ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33A_F4_I1_p002.jpg) [Column 1] to be a Mormon, while at the same time there is much in it, to generate a feeling akin to that which monach David, today to Joab," & deal gently with the young man even "with absolsom" Looking at what Border Communities usually are in all new countries & even in old settled ones, is not, the state of Utah & its affiliated settlements, much better than anything hitherto seen on the Borders of Civilization, even with its Polygamy? The Mormons are a deal better as they are than the Monks & News of the Middle ages, even when [Column 2] the latter were believed to be living in the odorn of sanctity, & probably were doing so for some hundreds of years, The whole tone of the New Testament teaching is in favour of monogamy, but I see no more forbidding of polygamy, than I see any ordering of the observance of Sunday. On the whole, I am of Gamaliel's opinion, as set forth in the 5th Chapter of Acts, "Refrain from "These men & let them alone for if this "Counsel or this work be of the[-] it "will come to nought, but if it be of God "ye cannot overthrow it; lest haply "if he found even to fight against "God" Now I believe it to be of men but of pretty clever & earnest men, for to the Polygamy, I think it ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33A_F4_I1_p003.jpg) infinitely better than the Polyandry of New York prostitutes & the Polygamy of the the men with their doing evil to themselves & sending the poison of deadly disease through the innocent offspring of innocent women No such curse can emanate from Mormon polygamy, and who am I, & who are the members of Congress, that we should judge our neighbour if they be doing no harm to us? St Pol[--] says in 10th Acts. "Of a truth I perceive "that God is no respecter of persons. "but in every Nation he that. "feareth Him & worketh righteousness "is accepted with Him" Now Bessie's book proves to demonstration that the Mormons do fear God & do work righteousness according to their conscious. Therefore publish at once & without delay if you can do so, without losing money I am willing 'to take my sh[---] ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33A_F4_I2_p001.jpg) Kane, April 19. 1874 My dear friend: I abandon two pages of an unfinished letter to you, on receiving this of your own of the 15th inst. At present, I can only answer that I will give it the reflection it demands. Probably I am influenced by feeling. I cannot express to you how my nature recoils from my partner's contributing to reconcile other well intentioned women to the hor= rible relations in which they are placed to man by the Devilish regulations of this planet. The genius of a woman like your daughter (for you do not at all overrate her powers) may do much harm by painting in colors the attractions of the Maternal and religious ly sentimental life. To the good girl an ideal: but to the brute man, more hog's food-, a value, a staple commodity_ and that, as it is, a drug ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33A_F4_I2_p002.jpg) on the market. It is our cheating makes the cheapness of it._ Cheap meat._ And the cheapest slavery, take it all through, we can go into business on_ in Great Britain and the United States, particularly. And it is all a muddle. not a thread leads to the mouth of the Cave. I used to think I knew what the poor seclusionists before the Reformation were striving after, with their worships of the Virgin. And how do you speak of them? ~ Poor little human infusoria: we cannot be wise on these subjects: but we can hold unhappy tongues upon them. But, as I have intimated; your letter is an able one: in fact the most powerful appeal that has been written, so succinctly. And I will not suppress Bessie's work before writing to you. We both like the notion of locking it up with the histori= cal papers of my family; for purposes of posthumous vindication. _But if harm now, would it not do harm then? A stitch in my face, neuralgia, forbids my writing more Yours faithfully Th. L. Kane ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33A_F4_I3_p001.jpg) House of Representatives, Washington, D.C., April 30th, 1874. My dear General: Your favors of the 27th and 28th have been received, and perused with pleasure excepting the news of your indisposition. I hope it is not serious, and beg of you not to allow anything I have written, or any interest in our affairs, to cause you to incur the least risk in exposing yourself. Your health is of the first importance. My heartfelt desire is that you may live to be a very aged man, and I am sure thousands join in this feeling. It is wonderful how measures are staved off. The Poland Bill was to have been reported on Tuesday. Our enemies were gleeful. But Tuesday and Wednesday have both passed, and it is not reported yet. It is a happy belief to feel that Providence condescends to hear the supplications of even a weak, humble and despised people. It is said that Judge Schofield is desirous of securing the vacant Associate Judgeship of the Court of Claims - Milligan deceased. Maynard of Tenn. is also a candidate. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33A_F4_I3_p002.jpg) I do not have a copy of the Pratt-Newman discussion; but I send the Newman sermon with the Pratt reply; and not knowing whether you have one or not, I send a pamphlet_ "Answers to Questions." Trusting this will find you, if not restored to, at least improved in health, and with kind re- gards to yourself, Mrs. Kane and the children I am, Very Respectfully, Major. Gen. Thos L. Kane,} Your Friend, Kane, McKean Co.} Geo. Q. Cannon Penn.} Penn} ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33A_F4_I4_p001.jpg) 1874. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD. 11 of government a Department of Manufactures and Mining, and for other purposes; which was ordered to be printed, recommitted to the Com- mittee on Military Affairs, not to be brought back on a motion to reconsider. BUREAU OF STATISTICS. Mr. WOODWORTH also, by unanimous consent, introduced a bill (H. R. No. 3342) to extend and prescribe the duties of the Chief of the Bureau of Statistics; which was read a first and second time, ordered to be printed, and referred to the Committee on Military Affairs, not to be brought back on a motion to reconsider. SETTLERS ON RAILROAD LANDS. Mr. MOREY, by unanimous consent, from the Committee on the Pub- lic Lands, reported a bill (H. R. No. 3343) for the relief of certain set- tlers on railroad lands; which was read a first and second time, or- dered to be printed, and recommitted to the Committee on the Public Lands, not to be brought back on a motion to reconsider. HOLMES WIKOFF. Mr. SCOFIELD. I ask unanimous consent that the Committee of the Whole on the Private Calendar be discharged from the further consideration of House bill No. 3006, authorising the President to nomi- nate Holmes Wikoff an assistant surgeon in the Navy, and that the bill be considered in the House at this time. The SPEAKER. Where is the bill? Mr. SCOFIELD. The bill is now in Committee of the Whole on the Private Calendar. The SPEAKER. It would have saved time had the gentleman given notice, so that the bill could have been looked up. Mr. SCOFIELD. I learned just now that it is quite important to the individual that it should be passed now; it is of no account to the public. The bill authorizes the President to nominate and, with the con- sent of the Senate, appoint Holmes Wikoff an assistant surgeon in the Navy, waiving his disqualification by age, and subject in all other respects to existing law and regulations. No objection being made, the Committee of the Whole on the Pri- vate Calendar was discharged from the further consideration of the bill; and the same was read the third time, and passed. Mr. SCOFIELD moved to reconsider the vote by which the bill was passed; and also moved that the motion to reconsider be laid on the table. The latter motion was agreed to. ELECTION CONTEST - MAXWELL vs. CANNON. Mr. HAZELTON, of Wisconsin. I now call up the contested-elec- tion case, from the Territory of Utah, of George R. Maxwell vs. George Q. Cannon. The Committee on Elections have reported two resolu- tions, to which two amendments have been proposed, one by myself and one by the gentleman from Tennessee, [Mr. HARRISON.] I desire to ask the previous question on the resolutions and amendments, and if it shall be sustained, I shall then ask the attention of the House for five or six minutes only to explain the resolution. The resolutions reported from the committee were as follows: Resolved, (1,) That George R. Maxwell was not elected and is not entitled to a seat in the House of Representatives of the Forty-third Congress as Delegate for the Territory of Utah. Resolved, (2,) That George Q. Cannon was elected and returned as a Delegate for the Territory of Utah to a seat in the Forty-third Congress. The amendment proposed by Mr. HAZELTON, of Wisconsin, was as follows: Whereas George R. Maxwell has prosecuted a contest against the sitting mem- ber, George Q. Cannon, now occupying a seat in the Forty-third Congress as Dele- gate for the Territory of Utah, charging, among other things, that the said Cannon is disqualified from holding, and is unworthy of, a seat on the floor of this House, for the reason that he was at the date of his election, to wit, on the 5th day of Au- gust, 1872, and prior thereto had been and still is, openly living and cohabiting with four women as his wives under the pretended sanction of a system of polyg- amy, which system he notoriously indorses and upholds, against the statute of the United States approved July 1, 1862, which declares the same to be a felony, to the great scandal and disgrace of the people and the Government of the United States, and in abuse of the privilege of representation accorded to said Territory of Utah, and that he has taken and never renounced an oath which is inconsistent with his duties and allegiance to the said Government of the United States; and whereas the evidence in support of such charge has been brought to the official notice of the Committee on Elections: Therefore, Revolved, That the Committee on Elections be, and is hereby, instructed and au- thorized to investigate said charge, and report the result to the House, and recom- mend such action on the part of the House as shall seem meet and proper in the premises. Mr. SPEER. Is that the resolution which was printed and of which notice was given? Mr. HAZELTON, of Wisconsin. I have modified the second reso- lution to correspond with the resolution as read by the Clerk. The SPEAKER. The gentleman from Tennessee, [Mr. HARRISON,] a member of the committee, proposes in lieu of the second resolution what will be read by the Clerk. The Clerk read as follows: Resolved, That George Q. Cannon was duly elected and returned as Delegate from the Territory of Utah, and is entitled to his seat as a Delegate in the Forty- third Congress. The SPEAKER. The Chair understood the point of the gentleman from Pennsylvania [Mr. SPEER] to be that the committee had in- structed the gentleman from Wisconsin to call the previous question on the two resolutions. Mr. SPEER. My point was that the gentleman from Wisconsin was directed by the committee to report the two resolutions for the action of the House; that he had no authority from the committee to offer any amendment or permit any to be offered. The SPEAKER. That would not exclude the right to amend. It would still be within the discretion of the gentleman having the matter in charge, and ultimately within the discretion of the House, when the previous question should be called. The gentleman from Wisconsin now demands the previous question. The previous question was seconded, and the main question was ordered. Mr. HAZELTON, of Wisconsin. I yield ten minutes to the gentle- man from Tennessee [Mr. HARRISON.] Mr. HARRISON. Mr. Speaker, the only reason why I felt bound to present a protest against the action taken by the majority of the committee was that while the whole matter as to the election, returns, and qualifications of the Delegate from Utah was submitted to the committee, I was thoroughly convinced that the committee upon the question of qualifications could not go into anything except the con- stitutional qualifications. I agree with the committee that the contestant was not elected and is not entitled to the seat. I agree with the committee that although there were some frauds and irregularities at some of the voting places in the Territory of Utah, yet the sitting Delegate was elected by an overwhelming majority. I agree with the committee in everything that they find in reference to this election, except that I am satisfied that when the committee found Mr. Cannon, the sitting Delegate, was duly elected and returned, and possessed all the qualifications fixed by the Constitution of the United States, it was their bounden duty, in pursuance of the long line of precedents which have gov- erened in such cases, to report a resolution that he was entitled to the seat. I have heard it suggested that it was unnecessary to report a reso- lution that he was entitled to the seat, because he had been admitted to it upon presenting his credentials to the House, and that the reso- lution of the committee to the effect that he was elected (he having been already seated) left him entitled to the seat. If I had believed that this was the view which the House would take of it, I should have been thoroughly satisfied with the resolution which stopped short of reporting that Mr. Cannon is entitled to the seat. But with- out making the slightest reflection upon the committee, for each mem- ber of which I entertain the very highest respect, I thought that the failure to take the course which had been uniformly taken when it was ascertained that a Member or Delegate had been duly elected and was constitutionally qualified, the failure to declare that he was en- titled to his seat was in the direction of establishing a precedent which I though dangerous. Therefore it was that I brought to the notice of the House in the protest which I submitted the clear dis- tinction between the right of the House to judge of the elections, returns, and qualifications of Members under the Constitution, and the right of the House, under a separate and distinct provision of the Con- stitution, to expel a member by a two-thirds vote. I did not want this proceeding to take such a shape as would justify the expulsion by a majority vote, or would prevent a proceeding for expulsion from being taken regularly under that provision of the Constitution which looks to that special action and which provides that it shall be done by a two-thirds vote. It is logical, it is in pursuance of precedent, it is right, that when a Member or Delegate has been returned elected, and is qualified under the provisions of the Constitution of the United States, he should be declared entitled to his seat, whatever proceedings the House may afterward take looking to his expulsion. This distinction, which has been drawn in the Constitution, ought to be observed; and we ought not in any case to take a course which looks to breaking down the barrier which the Constitution itself has raised between a pro- ceeding for the expulsion of a member and a proceeding to ascertain whether he is elected and qualified under the Constitution. I have examined as closely as I could to ascertain whether there was any distinction in point of fact between a Delegate and a Mem- ber of Congress in this regard. I find no precedent which comes clearly up to a decision of the question. But it is well settled that, the Constitution having fixed the qualifications of a Member of Con- gress, it excludes the idea of any other prerequisite as a qualifica- tion for admission to a seat; and the analogies of the question bring the case of a Delegate within the same category. Therefore, when duly elected under the provisions of the law erecting the Territory, he is entitled to the seat on this floor, if he is qualified in accordance with the provisions of the Constitution. The people of Utah are en- titled to be represented here; and although if a man presenting him- self does not possess the qualifications prescribed in the Constitution the House may refuse to admit him, and although the House by insti- tuting the proper proceeding has a clear right, by a two-thirds vote, to expel him, yet until that is done, I submit that this House, looking to the importance of the precedents established by its action, cannot stop short of declaring that the sitting Delegate is entitled to a seat on this floor. Mr. HAZELTON, of Wisconsin. I now yield to my colleague on the committee, the gentleman from Pennsylvania, [Mr. SPEER.] Mr. SPEER. Mr. Speaker, I did not know that this case was to be called up for consideration this morning, and am therefore not pre- ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33A_F4_I4_p002.jpg) 12 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD. May 13, pared to discuss it at any length. It is just as well, however, for the House can understand the question in a few minutes. The contest of George R. Maxwell against George Q. Cannon, the sitting Delegate from the Territory of Utah, was referred to the Com- mittee on Elections. It was considered by that committee. The gen- tleman from Wisconsin [Mr. HAZELTON] was directed by the com- mittee to report to the House, first, that Mr. Maxwell was not elected, and, secondly, that Mr. Cannon was. There were some irregularities in the election in Utah, but beyond and above them all was the un- disputed fact that the sitting Delegate, Mr. Cannon, was elected by about 18,000 majority. Deducting all the irregular votes claimed, casting out all the polls where irregularities were alleged to have been committed, still the fact remained patent to us all that Mr. Cannon had a majority of several thousand unquestioned and unchallenged votes. That being so, the duty of the Committee on Elections was as plain as the sun, and that was to report the contestant was not en- titled to the seat because he had not been duly elected and the con- testee was. That far the committee in discharge of its duty went. Its duty under the contest referred to it neither required nor author- ized the committee to go further. The gentleman from Wisconsin, on his own responsibility, having made under the direction of the Committee on Elections the report reciting that Mr. Maxwell was not elected and Mr Cannon was, now submits an amendment to the report of the committee, reciting what was alleged by Mr. Maxwell before the committee against the sitting Delegate and authorizing the appointment of a select committee by the House to investigate this scandal and recommend such action to the House as it may deem proper. He has modified the resolution this morning, and instead of referring to a select committee, now pro- poses to refer to the Committee on Elections. The proposition of the gentleman from Wisconsin now is to send this case back to the Committee on Elections—not to determine who was elected, not to determine who received the most votes, because Mr. Cannon all admit, has 18,000 majority, but to determine how many wives he has or may have had during his lifetime. It seems to me, Mr. Speaker, it would be just as proper for the Com- mittee on Elections to determine how many wives Mr. Maxwell has or may have had in his lifetime. It is not a subject for the consider- tion of the Election Committee. The number of wives a man may have or may not have is not, I believe, under the Constitution of the United States, one of the qualifications of a member of Congress. He is not required to be married to be entitled to a seat in this House; he is not compelled to be unmarried to be entitled to a seat here, and therefore, in all candor, I fail to see upon what theory this amend- ment should be adopted and this contest sent back to the Election Committee. If Congress proposes to deal by legislation with the system of Mor- monism in Utah, that is one thing. I am not here to defend it. I know little about it theoretically and nothing about it practically, and I submit to this House that it is trifling with the question, it is imposing upon the Committee on Elections a duty which they do not want and have not time properly to discharge, to require of them the investigation of these scandals which have filled the ear of the coun- try for years and years. Certainly this is not the way to meet the Mormon question, and to dispose of the very difficult and grave con- stitutional questions involved in the Utah problem. And further, what report could the Committee on Elections make that would determine this House in its action on the right of Mr. Cannon to a seat here? If he has been duly elected he is entitled to his seat, unless he has committed some crime or by some act of his life he proved himself unworthy of a seat here, and then he should be expelled under a different provision of the Constitution—not the pro- vision relating to his election and return as a member, but to his fit- ness as a man to occupy a seat upon this floor. The House has the undoubted right to expel any member for sufficient cause, but that point rests upon a separate and distinct provision of the Constitution from that provision which refers to the House to pass upon the quali- fications and election of its members, and requires a vote of two- thirds, and not as in the other case a simple majority. Where the alleged unfitness of the Member or Delegate arises from acts or of- fenses committed by him entirely unconnected with his duty here, and having no relation whatever to his conduct as a Member of or Delegate in this House, it seems to me at this time, without further examination, that his conviction by a competent court is the proper means of determining his guilt in the first instance, and is the proper way to lay a foundation for our action. In such a case no committee can try a convict; it can only hear and report the facts. I submit it is unfair to the sitting Delegate, it is unfair to the Com- mittee on Elections, it is unfitting the gravity of the question itself, to attempt under the pretense of an election contest to thrust before this House and the country a report upon the prevalent scandals in Utah. If Mr. Maxwell is not elected—and he is not, and he knows he is not—why should this House take up further time with the investi- gation of this contest? Or why should it be sent back again to the committee, already overburdened with volumes of testimony in a large number of cases that will occupy them to the last hour of the session and perhaps run into the next? Mr. HALE, of New York. Will the gentleman allow me to ask him a question? Mr. SPEER. With pleasure. Mr. HALE, of New York. I wish to inquire if the resolution now proposed purports to be in any form a matter of inquiry into a con- tested election; whether it is not simply an inquiry into certain charges made upon which the only action that the House can take is, if they deem that right, to expel the member or to impose such cen- sure on him as they may see fit? And if that be so, then I beg to ask the gentleman if he thinks such charges are not a proper subject of investigation for the purpose of determining the question of ex- pulsion? Mr. SPEER. But such charges should not be referred to the Com- mittee on Elections because they do not relate to the election, qualifi- cations, and return of the Delegate. Mr. HALE, of New York. That is merely a matter of form. Mr. SPEER. As I said before, if the House desires to enter upon an investigation of that kind, let a resolution for that purpose be of- fered, and let the investigation go to the Committee on the Judiciary or a committee specially authorized for the purpose. Such a resolu- tion I will not oppose; but if properly I understand the duties of the Election Committee, as defined by the standing rules of the House, they are to inquire into the election, qualifications, and returns of members of the House. The duties of the committee are defined by one of the standing rules of the House. Now, why should the House impose upon the Election Committee a distinct and separate duty wholly un- connected with their duties as fixed by the standing rules of the House, and with the discharge of which they are now overburdened? If this inquiry be a proper matter for the consideration of the House— and upon that I pass no judgment now—I say it should not be con- nected with this question of the right of this gentleman to his seat upon the election returns. It is a separate, distinct, and independent matter which should stand upon its own merits. His right to a de- claration by this House of his election does not depend at all upon that. If all that is alleged in this resolution were true, it cannot and should not be permitted to affect the judgment of this House upon the other question as to his due election and return. Whether or not he is a proper person to have been elected, and, if elected, a proper person to sit here, is a different question—a question I admit, with the gen- tleman from New York, [Mr. HALE,] that this House has the right to determine, and which under many circumstances it becomes its imper- ative duty to determine. I purposely avoid that discussion here and now as irrelevant and improper. I now simply and only claim that the Election Committee as well as the sitting Delegate is entitled to an ex- pression of the House upon its action unembarrassed by the amend- ment of the gentleman from Wisconsin, which should not have been offered in connection with the report of the committee. I think he has done the committee injustice by his course. It strikes me as an attempt to connect with this election contest the Mor- mon question, and thus embarrass it and deny the sitting Delegate the right, which every gentleman on this floor has, of being de- clared elected when he has been duly elected. It is an attempt to go back and investigate the domestic, social, and private affairs of a life-time on this election inquiry. You might as well instruct the Election Committee to inquire how many chickens a member of this House has stolen, or how many plates of oysters he has eaten and not paid for, or how many other peccadilloes or offenses greater or less he may have been guilty of. If such matters are to be referred to the Election Committee, and if it is to be a committee of inquisition into the social and private habits of every member, that they may be brought here before the country, it seems to me that more gentlemen than the gentleman from Utah may suffer from such an investigation. If the sitting Delegate from Utah is guilty of illegal or immoral prac- tices, there is a legal way to ascertain his guilt; and when his guilt shall have been legally ascertained, I shall be as ready as the gentle- man from Wisconsin to discharge my duty under my conscience and my oath. But I shall not express an opinion and then seek jurisdic- tion of the case. The system of Mormonism is wholly foreign to the question now before the House; and I trust gentlemen, however they may vote on the amendment, will adopt the report of the committee, declaring what all the members of the committee admit to be true: that Mr. Cannon was duly elected and duly returned. And then if the House wishes to sail out on this broad sea of personal slander, instead of meeting fairly and thoroughly the Momon question itself, let the gentleman whose heart warms toward such an inquisition institute it; and let the committee that can feast and fatten upon such things be appointed to investigate them. Mr. MERRIAM. I would like to ask the gentleman from Pennsyl- vania one question before he sits down. If the moral sense of the people of this country decides that the retaining of a seat in this House by the Delegate from Utah is a scandal upon the intelligence, Christianity, and civilization of our day, and it should be decided to offer a resolution to expel him, would it not be better that the investi- gation should be made by the gentleman's committee, having already all the testimony before it, than that it should go to another com- mittee, requiring all the testimony to be duplicated at a great expense? Mr. SPEER. I do not think it would; because our committee, under the rules of the House, has certainly nothing to do with the investigation of such questions. If we are to be made a committee of general inquisition into the lives and habits of members of this ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33A_F4_I4_p003.jpg) 1874. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD. 13 House, it would be proper; but as we are already burdened with more work than can be disposed of to the end of the session, it seems to me eminently improper that such an investigation should be re- ferred to us. The Delegate from Utah comes here under the law which defines his qualifications and the manner of his election. If he is legally qualified, and has been duly elected, as the Committee on Elections believes and has unanimously reported, then the duty of that com- mittee is ended. If it is proposed to change the law as to Utah, and provide more rigidly 'against Mormonism, let the gentleman from New York introduce his bill; but do not let him attempt to deal with a question so important by connecting it with the report of a com- mittee which even he must concede is legally right. I carefully avoid expressing any opinion on the main question, but there is such a thing as doing a decent act in an indecent way. Mr. MERRIAM. Is there any investigation before your committee so important to the welfare of the country as this is ? Mr. SPEER. ’The importance of the investigation here proposed is a matter dependent upon the views of the individual members of this House. Mr. MERRIAM. It depends upon the testimony before you. Mr. SPEER. There has been no testimony taken by the sitting Delegate for the purpose of meeting this charge. We have questions before us relating to the right of members to their seats. Those are the questions which it is our duty to deter- mine ; those are the questions for the determination of which we have been appointed. I would prefer that gentlemen like the gentleman from New York, who seems to long for an investigation of this kind, should undertake it, and that the resolution of the gentleman from Wisconsin should be referred to a special committee composed of him- self, the gentleman from New York, [Mr. Merriam,] and those who are equally anxious for such labor. Mr. HAZELTON, of Wisconsin. I yield now for a few moments to the gentleman from Ohio, [Mr. ROBINSON.] Mr. ROBINSON, of Ohio. Mr. Speaker, the qualifications of Rep- resentatives in Congress are fixed by the Constitution and no act of this House or of Congress can modify or change them. There is nothing in the Constitution or in the acts of Congress that prescribes the qualifications of a Delegate from a Territory in this body; but as an act of Congress provides that the Constitution shall have effect in the Territories so far as it is applicable, and inasmuch as in the his- tory of the past the qualifications of Delegates have been regarded the same as the qualifications of members of Congress, it may plausi- bly be held that the same qualifications should be required. But the committee made no decision upon that point. It will come up prop- erly before the House when the guilt or innocence of this man shall be established upon the report of a proper committee. The commit- tee has found that the sitting Delegate received a majority of the votes cast by the people of the Territory of Utah, and was therefore duly elected" That far the committee were unanimous. My friend from Tennessee [Mr. Harrison] desired the committee to add to that a resolution declaring, that the contestee is legally entitled to his seat. Now, I concede that it is the logical sequence of the finding of the committee that if he received a majority of the votes of the people of that Territory and was therefore duly elected, he would he enti- tled to a seat in Congress ; but I disagree with the gentleman as to the propriety of so declaring, because in the contest before the com- mittee and in the evidence which was before the committee the charge was made against this contestee that he is guilty of high crime ; that he is living in a state of bigamy or polygamy in violation of a statute of the United States which declares that act to be a felony. This being the case, I claim that it is not the duty of the House in one breath to declare him entitled to his seat and in another breath to declare that he is disqualified from holding the office to which he was elected. I shall therefore oppose the amendment offered by the gentleman from Tennessee and shall favor the resolutions of the committee, and then I shall follow that by voting to have this ques- tion investigated, and if the contestee shall be found guilty of the charge made against him, it will be for the House then to decide what action may be proper in the premises to secure the right of represen- tation on the one hand and the honor and purity of this House on the other. Mr. HAZELTON, of Wisconsin. I desire to detain the House only a very few moments in explaining the attitude of this case. Mr. CROUNSE. I. rise to make a parliamentary inquiry. I would like to inquire the state of the question before the House ; what reso- lutions are up for consideration ? The SPEAKER. The resolutions of the committee are pending, and as amendments there are pending the resolution of the gentleman from Wisconsin [Mr. HAZELTON] and the resolution offered by the gentleman from Tennessee, [Mr. HARRISON.] Mr. CROUNSE. I would ask furthermore whether the resolution offered by the gentleman from Wisconsin is germane and can be en- tertained as an amendment to the resolution reported from the com- mittee? The SPEAKER. The Chair thinks it is; but if not, it is too late to raise the point now, because the resolution has been entertained and spoken on. The Chair, however, thinks it would be germane. Mr. HAZELTON, of Wisconsin. At the commencement of the present session, as will be remembered, the sitting Delegate from the [right column] Territory of Utah appeared at the bar of the House, and although a question was raised as to his right to a seat, and although it was pro- posed before he should be sworn in to send the case to the Committee on Elections for investigation, upon argument and consideration the House voted that he should be sworn in and should take his seat with- out any condition or limitation. This case came to the Committee on Elections in the general budget of cases under the common resolution referring them all to that committee for investigation. Evidence was submitted to the committee and the case was very thoroughly and ably argued on both sides. The committee found in the investigation a juris- dictional question in their way, and those who have examined the report prepared on the part of the committee, and presented to the House some days since, will understand the nature of that question. The Com- mittee on Elections was organized at the outset under the provision of the Constitution which provides and declares that each House shall be the judge of the elections, returns, and qualifications of its mem- bers. The committee concluded that under the general resolution of reference, under the order made by the House in this case, the only qualifications referred to the Committee on Elections were the consti- tutional qualifications, to wit, that the party should be twenty-five years of age; that he shall have been seven years a citizen of the country, and that he should be an actual inhabitant of the district which he claims to represent. Upon that view the Committee on Elections prepared a report, and the conclusion which seemed to be the logical result of the position taken by the committee is embodied in the two resolutions which followed the report and which have been read. It was proposed in the committee that the resolution in regard to the contestant, Mr. Maxwell, ought to be adopted for the purpose of declaring to him and to others in like circumstances that a minority candidate may not be entitled to a seat under the decisions which have been adopted by this House and by the courts of this country. And so they resolve, as set forth in this first resolution, that he is not entitled to the seat. The second resolution agreed upon by the com- mittee is as follows: Resolved, (2,) That George Q. Cannon was elected and returned as a Delegate for the Territory of Utah to a seat in the Forty-third Congress. Now, right here I desire to say a word as to the amendment pro- posed by my friend from Tennessee, [Mr. HARRISON,] to the effect that the House ought to go further, and affirm not only that the sitting Delegate was duly elected and returned, but that he is duly qualified and entitled to occupy the seat. My understanding of the law in re- gard to this question is this: that it is not necessary that the House should adopt any resolution as to the right of the sitting member to occupy the seat. In the absence of any resolution whatever he holds the seat simply by virtue of the fact that he has been sworn in and occupies it. In the Forty-first Congress the case of McGorty against Hooper was referred to the Committee on Elections. The committee investigated that case, and reported that Mr. McGorty, being the minority candidate, was not entitled to the seat; that Mr. Hooper, having been elected by a majority of the votes in that Territory, was duly qualified and entitled to the seat. The House, by a very large vote, adopted the first of those resolutions; it tabled the second. Yet the sitting Delegate continued to occupy his seat notwithstanding. Therefore, if the House should decline to pass the second resolution in this case, the sitting Delegate would remain in his seat by virtue of the fact that he has been sworn in and occupies the seat under his certificate and the oath he has taken. It was the opinion of some members of the committee that to go further than this resolution goes, and affirm without any necessity therefor that the sitting Delegate is duly qualified, might embarrass the House and the committee in a further investigation of this case, if such an investigation should be ordered. It seems to me that no injustice will be done the sitting Delegate by voting down the amend- ment of the gentleman from Tennessee, [Mr. HARRISON,] while the committee and the House may be relieved from embarrassment if that course shall be adopted. But I do not deem it material one way or the other. Mr. SCHUMAKER, of New York. I would inquire of the gentle- man if a great deal of testimony has not already been taken on this point before the committee as to the fact that the sitting Delegate is a polygamist; and does he deny it ? Mr. HAZELTON, of Wisconsin. A very large volume of testimony has been taken upon notice under the law, and has been submitted to the committee. Mr. SCHUMAKER, of New York. Is it necessary, then, to go over all this testimony again? I understand that a great deal of testimony has been offered upon that point. Mr. HAZELTON, of Wisconsin. I do not understand that it will be necessary to take more testimony, although that is a question which may be addressed hereafter to the committee, if either party shall desire to submit additional testimony. But the testimony already taken is very full and explicit upon that subject. My friend from Pennsylvania [Mr. SPEER] has attempted to criti- cise my conduct, either as a member of the committee or a member of the House, for presuming to offer the amendment to the second reso- lution which I have offered, and which I gave notice when the report was presented to the House that I would ask the House to pass upon when this case should be reached. It seemed to me that I could do no less. This testimony was submitted to the committee; it had been ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33A_F4_I4_p004.jpg) 14 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD. May 13, taken under the law; the case was fully argued before the commit- tee; it was fully considered by the committee. While I agree that the jurisdiction of the committee was limited under the resolution by which the committee got jurisdiction of this case, yet it seemed to me that the facts which had been presented to our committee were proper to he considered by the House; that I owed it to the House to present the facts embodied in this amendment for its consideration, and that I should have been derelict had I done any less. I notified the com- mittee when the report was agreed upon that I should either offer this resolution myself or procure some other member of the House to offer it. It will he remembered that when the report was presented to the House I gave notice that I should offer this amendment, and ask the vote of the House upon it when the case should be reached. Now, it does not seem to me pertinent to the question before the House to follow the gentleman from Pennsylvania into a discussion of the mat- ter covered by this preamble [---] is resolution. It seems to me that we ought not to be diverted h[---] now to the discussion of that question. I may add the expression of [---] se that my friend has felt called upon at this stage of th [---] ation to volunteer—it seems to me almost gratuitously and un [---] sarily—a defense of the system of polygamy. I do not deem it necessary to enter upon that discus- sion now. Mr. SPEER. Is the gentleman referring to me? Mr. HAZELTON, of Wisconsin. I am. Mr. SPEER. Does the gentleman refer to me as having volunteered a defense of the system of polygamy? Mr. HAZELTON, of Wisconsin. I so understood the gentleman. Mr. SPEER. I am not responsible for the gentleman’s understand- ing; that is all. Mr. HAZELTON, of Wisconsin. I understood the gentleman to allude to the matter embraced in the charge as a mere matter of scandal in one of the Territories on the frontier, as not of sufficient moment to challenge the attention of this House, as simply a mat- ter to be whistled down the wind, to be overwhelmed with ridicule upon this floor; and he asked with some emphasis “Why drag this matter before the House and the country;" as if it were a matter that had not yet been before the House and before the country, and before the civilized world; and as if it had not challenged the atten- tion of men in high places and men in private life, men all over this country, of every party and of every denomination—as if it had not once before in our legislative history received the attention of this House. Now, I say that I am not disposed at this time to enter upon that question. I simply say that the charge has been brought to the at- tention of the Committee on Elections, that the evidence has been presented in support of it; and I merely wish to take the judgment and order of the House as to whether this matter shall be dropped under this state of facts, whether the House will say it will not in- vestigate this charge, or whether it will direct the Committee on Elec- tions to proceed with the investigation and report the result to the House, recommending such action as in the judgment of the commit- tee shall seem meet and proper. That is the only proposition con- tained in my amendment. I hope the House will adopt the amend- ment and order this investigation. It is true the question might go to a select committee. It is true it might go to the Judiciary Committee. But there is no impropriety in its going to the Committee on Elections; and more than that, in- asmuch as the testimony is before that committee and has been some- what examined by the committee, it seems to me highly proper that it should take that course. Mr. SPEER. Does the gentleman think that after the zeal he has manifested on this question he could act impartially as a judge upon it? Mr. HAZELTON, of Wisconsin. I might retort very pertinently by putting the same inquiry to my friend from Pennsylvania. Mr. SPEER. I do not want the question to go before our commit- tee; the gentleman does. That is the difference. Mr. HAZELTON, of Wisconsin. I did not desire at the outset that this matter should go to our committee at all. Mr. SPEER. The gentleman is pleading that this case should be referred to himself, who has prejudged it. Mr. HAZELTON, of Wisconsin. At the instance of other parties I modified my resolution so that the case should go to our committee. I am not seeking jurisdiction of this case as a member of the Com- mittee on Elections or otherwise. I would be very glad indeed if the House should refer the case to a special committee. I would be very glad to be relieved of its jurisdiction. But if the House shall order the Committee on Elections to consider it, I am disposed to do so, precisely as I would consider any other case sent to our committee. As I have before said, in what I have stated I am not undertaking to go into the merits and demerits of the system of polygamy. I am simply referring to the propriety of disposing of this question which has been raised and brought to the attention of the House, and with the House I leave the responsibility of making the determination. Mr. POTTER. Will the gentleman from Wisconsin [Mr. HAZELTON] yield to me? Mr. HAZELTON, of Wisconsin. For how long? Mr. POTTER. For about five minutes. Mr. HAZELTON, of Wisconsin. Yes, sir. Mr. POTTER, Mr. Speaker, this question of the exclusion of Rep- resentatives from this House on account of moral qualifications is not new. It has been raised at various times since I have been a member of Congress. My own judgment is—and such has generally been the action of the House when called upon to consider the question—that the House has no right to add to the qualifications of Representatives prescribed by the Constitution of the United States for a member. I understand that in this case the gentleman in question is charged with having been guilty of violating a statute of the United States, of com- mitting a criminal offense against the laws of the country having re- lation to the Territory of Utah, and that for this he is liable to be in- dicted, tried, and punished, and thereby to become disqualified from holding a seat in this House. I object, however, in this case, as I have objected in every case of the sort that has arisen since I have been a member of the House, to considering whether— Mr. HAZELTON, of Wisconsin. Do I understand the gentleman from New York [Mr. POTTER] to say that the House has never ex- tended the jurisdiction of the Committee on Elections to consider anything but the constitutional qualifications of a person presenting himself as a member? Mr. POTTER. O, no; I did not say that. Mr. HAZELTON, of Wisconsin. I so understood the gentleman. Mr. POTTER. I said I had never been aware of any case—cer- tainly not in my own time—in which anybody possessing the consti- tutional qualifications was declared not to be entitled to a seat in this House because he failed to possess certain moral or other qualifica- tions of that nature—because he had been guilty of crime. Mr. HAZELTON, of Wisconsin. The gentleman will find he is mistaken, if he will look at the reports upon this subject. Mr. POTTER. I may possibly be mistaken; but certainly the ques- tion was very much discussed in the case of Porter, who came here from Virginia in the Forty-first Congress, and who was declared to have been disloyal, to have been convicted of crime, to have gone about the street wearing a ball and chain upon his leg. Objection was raised that he ought not to be admitted to a seat here. The House considered the question, and it was then declared by a very large vote—gentlemen on this side of the House agreeing with those on the other side, the vote involving more than nine-tenths of the whole House and turning after debate on this very question—that the House had no power to add to the constitutional qualifications of men elected to Congress. I have always believed that when a man possesses the constitutional qualifications, his constituents have a right to send him here and we are bound to receive him and treat him while in the House as our equal in the House. A constituency of thieves may choose to send a man here who is a thief, but until he has been tried and convicted as such, I know of no constitutional power in the House to exclude him from the seat to which he is elected. I put that as the farthest supposable case. I never shall vote, therefore, to inquire into any matter of that descrip- tion unless it be with a view of having the alleged criminal pre- sented, indicted, tried, and convicted. Mr. E. R. HOAR. Will my friend from New York allow me to ask him a question? Mr. POTTER. Surely. Mr. E. R. HOAR. The gentleman goes deeper than any one before in this discussion. It troubles my mind a good deal. I do not under- stand there is any constitutional provision for Delegates at all. Del- egates come here only by the force of statutes. I wish to ask my friend whether it is claimed by statute one Congress of the United States can impose upon this House the presence of anybody, except its members who come here by constitutional right, against the will of the House; and if so, where that constitutional power is found which can make any man be received by this House as a Delegate on this floor they do not choose to have? Mr. POTTER. I decline to answer the question of the gentleman from Massachusetts. It may well be that it has a great deal of force in it. But we have been discussing this case in reference to the gen- erally received action of the Congress for many years in regard to the Delegates from the Territories. We have treated them in respect of qualifications as if they had been members. We have never dis- puted the right of former Congresses to give the Territories repre- sentation and their Delegates seats upon this floor. It may be now as suggested by the gentleman from Massachusetts, (and I am unwill- ing now to say absolutely that it is not so,) that we may exclude a man entirely from representing a Territory at all by our own volition and without reason exclude him from any seat in this Chamber just as we may repeal the law which creates the Territory and thereby shut it off from representation. That, however, would require the action of both Houses and the approval of the President. Both Houses and the President having given Utah representation here, the question raised by the resolution is whether this man having been duly elected is entitled or not entitled to occupy a seat on this floor. This case, then, is in the line of the general precedents of the action of the House on such subjects. Men are sent here to represent their constituencies. Provided a man has the constitutional qualifications he should sit here as a Representative of his State. When his constit- uency have decided he is a proper Representative and he has the con- stitutional requirements I do not think the House of Representatives has power, in the case of Representatives, to impose additional quali- fications for representation, moral or otherwise. By parity of reason it ought not to impose any additional qualifications in regard to Del- ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33A_F4_I4_p005.jpg) ?1874. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD. 15 egates from the Territories. For that reason I shall oppose this mo- tion to refer this inquiry to the Committee on Elections or, for that matter, to any other committee. I am unwilling to introduce into the government of a country so vast as ours, differing in its climates, productions, and occupations, divided into parties, divided into sec- tions, with Representatives differing in opinion, in belief, and in judg- ment, and in politics, any precedent by which the House shall inquire into the question of belief; shall inquire into the question of the moral qualifications of a member to a seat upon this floor, provided always he is duly elected and possesses the qualifications for a Rep- resentative prescribed by the Constitution. It is exactly because I do agree entirely in sympathy with the gentleman from Wisconsin [Mr. HAZELTON] in regard to the condition of things in Utah, and do believe it is at variance with the spirit of our age, and do believe it is a condition of things which ought to be treated with seriousness, that I am unwilling to go into it in this manner. It is a question that should be considered by itself, not in connection with the right of a member to a seat because of some defect in his moral and individual though not in his constitutional qualifications. I believe the true rule would be to have the law prescribe whether— Mr. HAWLEY, of Connecticut. Let me ask the gentleman from New York whether this makes any difference in this case? It is alleged not only that the sitting Delegate in this case committed a certain offense some time ago, but that he is now, to-day, living in open, con- fessed violation of a statute—a violation which he may confess to this House. Now, does that make any difference? The gentleman will also notice it is alleged he is practically bound by a treasonable oath, and to-day is confessedly and continuously bound. Does not that act of treason, in continuando, as the lawyers say, that confessed con- tinuation of the offense, make a difference in the gentleman’s doc- trine? Mr. POTTER. Why, Mr. Speaker, it is not a question of power I am discussing; because I do not now assert that as regards a Dele- gate this House has not power to do very much as it may please. Certainly Congress itself may repeal the law by which Territories are represented here at all. And perhaps even this House may have con- stitutional power to prescribe arbitrary qualifications for a Delegate from a Territory without which we will not let him sit here. But what I am contending for is this: that it is very dangerous for a Congress of men representing here so many various communities to introduce into it the question of imposing as a condition of representation any other qualifications than those prescribed for Representatives by the Constitution. I think if gentlemen have the qualifications which the Constitution prescribes for Representatives in Congress, it will be safer not to require either of Representatives or Delegates what may be their moral, social, or political standing, or whether they have or have not offended against the laws, but to leave all that to the judi- cial department of the Government, which is competent to try and convict every man guilty of offenses against the law. Mr. SCHUMAKER, of New York. Does my colleague mean that a convicted felon would have any status here? I understood him to say that a constituency of thieves could send a thief. Does he say that a convicted felon has any status? Mr. POTTER. My colleague, who has been a district attorney, knows of course that a convicted felon has no legal status; but until convicted could he not sit here? Mr. SCHUMAKER, of New York. Of course. Mr. POTTER. And I say, of course, too. Mr. SCHUMAKER, of New York. Does my colleague argue that a constituency of thieves can send a thief here, and that a constituency of bigamists can send a bigamist here? Mr. POTTER. If a man is a convicted bigamist he cannot sit here. Mr. SCHUMAKER, of New York. We have here the case of a self- confessed bigamist. Mr. POTTER. Yes; but that is not the case of a convicted biga- mist. The legal difference no one knows better than my colleague. Mr. HAZELTON, of Wisconsin. I desire to ask the gentleman from New York [Mr. Potter] a question. If it be alleged against a member, and that allegation is supported by proof, that he has taken an oath which he has never renounced, and which is inconsistent with his duty to the Government of the United States, will the gentleman from New York say that under those circumstances it is not incumbent upon us to order an investigation as to the facts? For that is involved in this question. Mr. POTTER. I never had much sympathy with any provision for test oaths. I believe they are almost invariably useless and unwise. If this man has been guilty of taking an oath by which he has contracted treasonable relations against the United States, he is liable to be indicted and punished for treason. But I am myself opposed as regards Delegates, assuming we have full discretion as to them, as I am as regards Members elected to this Congress, to enter upon an investigation with regard to any man’s right to a seat here provided he comes here with the constitutional qualifications—not because I do not feel the same reluctance as other gentlemen to have a man here who is wanting in moral or other personal qualifications, but because it seems to me that in a country so large as this, with so vast a population, having such a variety of population, production, and opinions, nothing is so dangerous as to introduce into the House of Representatives what the fathers intended to exclude from it—the power to discriminate between men as Representatives because of their religion, their habits, their character, or anything outside of their constitutional qualifications. Mr. HAZELTON, of Wisconsin. I yield for a few minutes to my colleague, [Mr. ELDREDGE.] Mr. ELDREDGE. The questions presented here will be seen at first sight to be questions of the utmost importance, as all questions are that relate to congressional representation. I do not propose now to discuss the question of this Delegate's qualification. I do not pro- pose to discuss any of his alleged qualifications or disqualifications. But in dealing with them I want to suggest to the House that we are dealing with a very delicate matter. The right of representation is one upon which our institutions are based, and upon the full and free right of which our representative system and liberties depend. I want to say a single word in answer to the gentleman from Mas- sachusetts, who suggested a very interesting question. It was whether one Congress could impose upon another Congress a person as a Del- egate from a Territory whom we did not like or whom the existing Congress did not like? Now, I answer, undoubtedly they can. I have no hesitation in saying that when an act of Congress provides that a Delegate from a Territory may be elected and come here with the qualifications prescribed for members of Congress, when he comes here with those qualifications we are not at liberty to reject him be- cause he is a Delegate any more than if a Member of the House. This House, let it be remembered, is only one branch of Congress. The law was made by Congress, by the House of Representatives in con- junction with the Senate and the Executive of the Government. It is a law upon our statute-books to-day, and we are not at liberty to disregard that law. If it was a proposition to amend this law or to repeal it, it would be a very different question. But the law exists. Even the resolution of my colleague does not propose to repeal the existing law. And this House of Representatives is just as much bound by a law of Congress as the humblest citizen. We are there- fore bound by that as an existing law. And when the question is presented here, as it is to-day, of the right of a Delegate from a Ter- ritory, who comes here under an act of Congress asking his seat in this House, and if he comes with the qualifications prescribed by an act of Congress, by the existing law of the land, he has a right to his seat as much as though he were a Representative coming here and claiming his seat under the constitutional qualifications. We have no power legally to refuse him. Mr. HAZELTON, of Wisconsin. I now yield two minutes to the gentleman from Vermont, [Mr. POLAND.] Mr. POLAND. I regret somewhat the position in which this ques- tion is presented. This Delegate from Utah came here with regular credentials, and if there be any such thing as credential qualifica- tions of a Delegate there is no question but what he possesses them. He was allowed to take his seat here upon those credentials, and now occupies it. I regret that this question has been presented in con- nection with his right to retain his seat. I think that this proceed- ing is in its nature, and I suppose it was so intended, preliminary to the question whether this House will expel him. I understand that in the testimony before the Committee on Elections there is abundant prima facie evidence that this man is living in open violation of an act of Congress, which declares that for that offense he may be sent to the penitentiary for five years. Is there any man here prepared to say that if that be true it is not a sufficient ground to expel him? A little more than a year ago this whole subject was very largely dis- cussed in this House by a gentleman whom I see near me upon the one side and myself upon the other, and this House by an almost unanimous vote decided that they had jurisdiction over this subject, and they took jurisdiction so far as to pass a severe censure. There is no difference between censure and expulsion as far as the question of jurisdiction is concerned. If the House has jurisdiction to censure, it has jurisdiction to expel. Mr. BUTLER, of Massachusetts. I think there is a very wide dif- ference. Expulsion would prevent the constituency from having any Representative on this floor, while censure is only the opinion of the House upon the conduct of a Representative, and would neither pre- vent his voting, or acting, or doing anything else he chooses. Mr. POLAND. As I have but two minutes, I cannot stop to reply much to what the gentleman has said, and it is no answer to what I said. So far as the question of jurisdiction goes there is no possible difference and none can be made between a sentence, whether it be of censure or expulsion. We have more evidence in this case than was ever presented on which to ground proceedings for expulsion. There is evidence that was taken under oath and reported by the committee, and it is prima facie evidence that this man has been guilty of a penitentiary offense, and if he had been duly tried for that offense, instead of being here he would have been in the peni- tentiary. Now, I desire to know if that is not ground which it is proper for the House to notice, and if the fact be established to act upon it. It seems to me that this resolution is substantially a resolution looking in the end to the action of this House on the question whether this man should not be expelled from it if it be found that he has com- mitted, and is continuing to commit, this offense against the law which Congress passed; and it seems to me that it ought to be adopted. Mr. COBURN. I would ask the gentleman if the same principle as that upon which the resolution rests was not applied in cases after the war when men were charged with being disloyal? They had not ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33A_F4_I4_p006.jpg) 16 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD. May 13, been convicted of any crime, but had simply violated the law by rebellion, and were refused seats in Congress for that reason. Mr. POLAND. In those cases the men who were charged with being disloyal were not allowed to take their seats until the question was settled. In the Fortieth Congress, and in the Forty-first and Forty-second, gentlemen against whom there were charges of disloy- alty, and who came here with regular credentials, were not even allowed to take their seats. Mr. ELDREDGE. I would ask the gentleman from Vermont if he is not a little ashamed of some things which were done during that period in reference to representation on this floor? Mr. POLAND. It is unnecessary that I should now attempt to jus- tify them. Mr. SPEER. Was not the gentleman opposed to the action of the House in those cases at the time? Mr. POLAND. It is unnecessary for me to say whether I was or was not. Mr. HAZELTON, of Wisconsin. I now yield two minutes to the gentleman from Kentucky, [Mr. CROSSLAND.] Mr. CROSSLAND. I desire to say a word or two about this mat- ter. The question involved in the resolution of the gentleman from Wisconsin was not referred to the Committee on Elections. That committee has made a thorough investigation of all the matters re- ferred to them by the House, and they have reported their unani- mous conclusion in the first and second resolutions which were pre- sented last week. I insist that the committee have not only complied with all the directions of the House, but they have exhausted all the powers conferred on them; and I insist that it is unfair to the com- mittee, to the sitting Delegate, and to the House, that a third resolu- tion should have been interposed by my colleague on the committee from Wisconsin. I insist that the committee was entitled to have the judgment of the House upon their report, and upon the conclu- sions they arrived at under the authority the House conferred, and in obedience to its directions. If the House should conclude that there are certain practices in Utah that affect the legality of the sitting Delegate’s right to his seat, I should not antagonize a resolution proposing to investigate that question. But I do insist that the Com- mittee on Elections ought not to be incumbered with any additional labor, but that if the question is to be investigated at all it ought to be sent to the Committee on the Judiciary, a committee composed, perhaps, of better lawyers than is the Committee on Elections, and who have more time to make an investigation than we have. As has been said by my colleague from Pennsylvania, [Mr. SPEER,] we have already before us a large number of election cases. There are gentlemen who claim that they have been elected by the people, gentlemen outside who claim that they are entitled to seats by virtue of the votes of a majority of the electors in certain districts, which seats are now held by men who have no right to any voice in this House. I therefore suggest to my colleague from Wisconsin [Mr. HAZELTON] that he withdraw his third resolution, and allow the House to vote upon the first and second resolutions. He can then present his third resolution, referring this question to the Committee on the Judiciary, and let them determine whether or not the sitting member has been guilty of certain practices that affect his eligibility to hold a seat in this House. I ask him to permit the House to act upon and give expression to their affirmation of or disagreement to the report of the committee, because the committee have exhausted all the power which was conferred upon them. Mr. HAZELTON, of Wisconsin. This whole question is in the con- trol of the House, and I desire the House to do what shall seem best to it. Mr. CROSSLAND. Let the House dispose first of the report of the committee, and then of the third resolution as an independent matter. Mr. POTTER. I desire a moment to say, in answer to the authori- ties cited by the gentleman from Vermont, [Mr. POLAND,] that I do not understand the Credit Mobilier cases to have been decided upon the ground the gentleman says, but the very reverse. I was one of those who voted to censure as a substitute for expulsion, simply be- cause I and others thought that Congress had no authority to expel a member for an offense committed before his election. The SPEAKER. The Chair, in looking at the parliamentary atti- tude of these resolutions, sees no difficulty in presenting them so that no parliamentary advantage shall be gained or lost by any gentleman. The Chair will direct that the vote of the House shall be taken upon the resolution of the gentleman from Tennessee [Mr. HARRISON] in the nature of an amendment, and upon the resolution of the gentleman rom Wisconsin [Mr. HAZELTON] afterward. The House can vote upon those resolutions, and then upon the resolutions reported from the committee; or the votes can be taken in the reverse order, which- ever shall be preferable, voting first upon the resolution reported by the committee in regard to Mr. Maxwell, and then upon the resolu- tion in regard to Mr. Cannon. Mr. SPEER. I suggest that the House vote first upon the resolu- tions reported from the committee. Mr. HAZELTON, of Wisconsin. There is no objection to that. The SPEAKER. Then the first question will be upon the first resolution reported from the committee, which the Clerk will read. The Clerk read the resolution, as follows: Resolved, (1,) That George R. Maxwell was not elected, and is not entitled to a seat in the House of Representatives of the Forty-third Congress as Delegate for the Territory of Utah. The resolution was adopted. The next resolution was read, as follows: Resolved, (2,) That George Q. Cannon was elected and returned as a Delegate for the Territory of Utah to a seat in the Forty-third Congress. The resolution was adopted. The next question was upon the resolution moved by Mr. HARRI- SON, as follows: Resolved, That George Q. Cannon was duly elected and returned as Delegate from the Territory of Utah, and is entitled to a seat as a Delegate in the Forty- third Congress. Mr. HALE, of New York. Do I understand that that resolution is to be voted upon as an independent resolution? I supposed it was offered as a substitute for the second resolution of the committee. That second resolution having been adopted, this resolution seems to me to be entirely unnecessary. The SPEAKER. It presents a proposition entirely different from the second resolution of the committee. Mr. HALE, of New York. I thought that second resolution, which has been adopted, was that Mr. Cannon was duly elected and re- turned. The SPEAKER. But this resolution says "and is entitled to a seat." There is just the same difference presented as there would have been if it was treated as an amendment. Mr. RANDALL. There is a distinction without much difference. The SPEAKER. The words "duly elected" are in this resolution, and the additional declaration that "he is entitled to a seat." Mr. POLAND. Is it anything more— The SPEAKER. It is not necessary to debate it; the House can dispose of it. The question was taken upon the resolution of Mr. HARRISON; and upon a division there were—ayes 75, noes 60; no quorum voting. Mr. MERRIAM called for the yeas and nays. The yeas and nays were ordered, there being 33 in the affirmative; more than one-fifth of the last vote. The question was taken; and there were—yeas 109, nays 76, not voting 105; as follows: YEAS—Messrs. Adams, Arthur, Ashe, Atkins, Barber, Beck, Bell, Berry, Bland, Blount, Bowen, Bradley, Bright, Bromberg, Brown, Buckner, Buffinton, Benjamin F. Butler, Cain, Caldwell, Cannon, John B. Clark, jr., Freeman Clarke, Clymer, Stephen A. Cobb, Comingo, Cook, Cox, Crittenden, Crooke, Crossland, Crounse, Crutchfield, Darrall, DeWitt, Durham, Eden, Eldredge, Farwell, Foster, Freeman, Giddings, Glover, Gooch, Hancock, Henry R. Harris, Harrison, Hatcher, Holman, Hynes, Kasson, Kendall, Lamison, Leach, Lowndes, Magee, McCrary, James W. McDill, McJunkin, Milliken, Mills, Mitchell, Morey, Morrison, Neal, Nesmith, Nib- lack, Niles, O'Brien, Orth, Hosea W. Parker, Perry, Pierce, Pike, Potter, Rainey, Randall, Ransier, Rapier, Ray, Read, Rice, James C. Robinson, Milton Sayler, Sco- field, Sener, Sherwood, A. Herr Smith, George L. Smith, J. Ambler Smith, William A. Smith, Southard, Speer, Stanard, Stone, Sypher, Christopher Y. Thomas, Vance, Waddell, Wells, White, Whitehead, Whiteley, Whitthorne, Charles W. Willard, Willie, Wilshire, Ephraim K. Wilson, and Wood—109. NAYS—Messrs. Albert, Averill, Bundy, Burchard, Burleigh, Burrows, Cason, Amos Clark jr., Clements, Coburn, Conger, Donnan, Duell, Dunnell, Eames, Field, Frye, Gunckel, Hagans, Robert S. Hale, Harmer, Hathorn, John B. Hawley, Joseph R. Hawley, Gerry W. Hazelton, John W. Hazelton, Hendee, E. Rockwood Hoar, Houghton, Howe, Hunter, Hurlbut, Hyde, Kellogg, Luttrell, Lynch, MacDougall, McKee, Merriam, Monroe, Negley, Nunn, O'Neill, Orr, Packard, Packer, Page, Parsons, Pendleton, Thomas C. Platt, Purman, Richmond, Robbins, Ellis H. Rob- erts, James W. Robinson, Sawyer, Henry B. Sayler, John G. Schumaker, Henry J. Scudder, Isaac W. Scudder, Shanks, Small, John Q. Smith, Sprague, Starkweather, Strawbridge, Thornburgh, Todd, Townsend, Tyner, Waldron, Wallace, Marcus L. Ward, William Williams, James Wilson, and Woodford—76. NOT VOTING—Messrs. Albright, Archer, Banning, Barnum, Barrere, Barry, Bass, Begole, Biery, Roderick R. Butler, Cessna, Clayton, Clinton L. Cobb, Corwin, Cotton, Creamer, Crocker, Curtis, Danford, Davis, Dawes, Dobbins, Elliott, Fort, Garfield, Eugene Hale, Hamilton, Benjamin W. Harris, John T. Harris, Havens, Hays, Hereford, Herndon, Hersey, George F. Hoar, Hodges, Hooper, Hoskins, Hub- bell, Hunton, Jewett, Kelley, Killinger, Knapp, Lamar, Lamport, Lansing, Lawrence, Lawson, Lewis, Lofland, Loughridge, Lowe, Marshall, Martin, Maynard, Alexander S. McDill, McLean, McNulta, Mellish, Moore, Myers, Isaac C. Parker, Pelham, Phelps, Phillips, James H. Platt, jr., Poland, Pratt, William R. Roberts, Ross, Rusk, Sessions, Sheats, Sheldon, Lazarus D. Shoemaker, Sloan, Sloss, Smart, H. Boardman Smith, Snyder, Standiford, Stephens, St. John, Storm, Stowell, Strait, Swann, Taylor, Charles R. Thomas, Tremain, Walls, Jasper D. Ward, Wheeler, Whitehouse, Wilber, George Willard, Charles G. Williams, John M. S. Williams, William B. Williams, Jeremiah M. Wilson, Wolfe, Woodworth, John D. Young, and Pierce M. B. Young—105. So the resolution of Mr. HARRISON was adopted. During the roll-call, the following announcements were made: Mr. WILLIE. My colleague, Mr. MCLEAN, is absent on business. If here he would vote "ay." Mr. STRAIT. On this question I am paired with the gentleman from Virginia, Mr. PLATT, who if present would vote "ay," while I should vote "no." The result of the vote was announced as above stated. Mr. SPEER moved to reconsider the vote just taken; and also moved that the motion to reconsider be laid on the table. The latter motion was agreed to. The SPEAKER. The question now recurs on the preamble and resolution offered by the gentleman from Wisconsin, [Mr. HAZELTON,] which will be read. The Clerk read as follows: Whereas George R. Maxwell has prosecuted a contest against the sitting mem- ber, George Q. Cannon, now occupying a seat in the Forty-third Congress as Dele- ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33A_F4_I4_p007.jpg) 11d ?1874. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD. 17 gate for the Territory of Utah, charging, among other things, that the said Can- non is disqualified from holding, and is unworthy of, a seat on the floor of this House, for the reason that he was at the date of his election, to wit, on the 5th day of August, 1872, and prior thereto had been and still is, openly living and cohabit- ing with four women as his wives under the pretended sanction of a system of po- lygamy, which system he notoriously indorses and upholds, against the statute of the United States approved July 1, 1862, which declares the same to be a felony, to the great scandal and disgrace of the people and the Government of the United States, and in abuse of the privilege of representation accorded to said Territory of Utah, and that he has taken and never renounced an oath which is inconsistent with his duties and allegiance to the said Government of the United States; and whereas the evidence in support of such charge has been brought to the official notice of the Committee on Elections: Therefore, Resolved, That the Committee on Elections be, and is hereby, instructed and authorized to investigate said charge, and report the result to the House, and recom- mend such action on the part of the House as shall seem meet and proper in the premises. Mr. HAZELTON, of Wisconsin. On this question I ask for the yeas and nays. The yeas and nays were ordered. Mr. RANDALL. The preamble of this resolution makes certain allegations, in reference to which I would like to ask whether there is any proof of them. The SPEAKER. That is in the nature of debate, and would require unanimous consent. Mr. RANDALL. I would like to call for the reading of the evidence on this subject. Mr. MERRIAM. I object to any debate. Mr. SPEER. The truth of those allegations is denied by the sit- ting member. The SPEAKER. These remarks are altogether in the nature of debate. The question was taken; and there were—yeas 137, nays 51, not voting 102; as follows: YEAS—Messrs. Albert, Albright, Ashe, Averill, Barry, Bradley, Buffinton, Bundy, Burchard, Burleigh, Burrows, Cain, Cannon, Cason, Amos Clark, jr., Clem- ents, Stephen A. Cobb, Coburn, Conger, Corwin, Cotton, Crounse, Donnan, Dun- nell, Durham, Eames, Field, Fort, Foster, Frye, Gooch, Gunckel, Hagans, Robert S. Hale, Harmer, Harrison, Hatcher, Hathorn, Havens, John B. Hawley, Joseph R. Hawley, Gerry W. Hazelton, John W. Hazelton, Hendee, E. Rockwood Hoar, Hos- kins, Houghton, Hunter, Hurlbut, Hyde, Kasson, Kellogg, Lamport, Lansing, Law- rence, Loughridge, Lowndes, Luttrell, Lynch, McCrary, James W. McDill, Mac- Dougall, McJunkin, McKee, McNulta, Merriam, Mitchell, Monroe, Moore, Morey, Neal, Negley, Niles, Nunn, Orr, Orth, Packard, Packer, Page, Hosea W. Parker, Isaac C. Parker, Parsons, Pelham, Pendleton, Perry, Pierce, Pike, Thomas C. Platt, Poland, Pratt, Purman, Rainey, Ransier, Rapier, Ray, Rice, Richmond, Robbins, Ellis H. Roberts, James W. Robinson, Rusk, Sawyer, Henry B. Sayler, John G. Schumaker, Scofield, Henry J. Scudder, Isaac W. Scudder, Shanks, Sherwood, Small, A. Herr Smith, John Q. Smith, William A. Smith, Sprague, Stanard, Starkweather, Stowell, Strait, Thornburgh, Todd, Townsend, Tremain, Tyner, Vance, Waldron, Wallace, Walls, Marcus L. Ward, Whitehead, Whitthorne, Charles W. Willard, George Willard, Charles G. Williams, William Williams, William B. Williams, James Wilson, and Woodworth—137. NAYS—Messrs. Adams, Arthur, Atkins, Barber, Bell, Berry, Blount, Bowen, Bromberg, Brown, Buckner, Caldwell, John B. Clark, jr., Clymer, Comingo, Cook, Cox, Crittenden, Crooke, Crossland, Crutchfield, DeWitt, Eldredge, Freeman, Glo- ver, Hancock, Henry R. Harris, Holman, Kendall, Lamison, Magee, Milliken, Mills, Morrison, Niblack, O’Brien, Potter, Read, Milton Sayler, Sheats, J. Ambler Smith, Speer, Swann, Christopher Y. Thomas, Waddell, Wells, White, Willie, Ephraim K. Wilson, Wolfe, and Wood—51. NOT VOTING—Messrs. Archer, Banning, Barnum, Barrere, Bass, Beck, Begole, Biery, Bland, Bright, Benjamin F. Butler, Roderick R. Butler, Cessna, Freeman Clarke, Clayton, Clinton L. Cobb, Creamer, Crocker, Curtis, Danford, Darrall, Davis, Dawes, Dobbins, Duell, Eden, Elliott, Farwell, Garfield, Giddings, Eugene Hale, Hamilton, Benjamin W. Harris, John T. Harris, Hays, Hereford, Herndon, Hersey, George F. Hoar, Hodges, Hooper, Howe, Hubbell, Hunton, Hynes, Jewett, Kelley, Killinger, Knapp, Lamar, Lawson, Leach, Lewis, Lofland, Lowe, Marshall, Martin, Maynard, Alexander S. McDill, McLean, Mellish, Myers, Nesmith, O’Neill, Phelps, Phillips, James H. Platt, jr., Randall, William R. Roberts, James C. Robinson, Ross, Sener, Sessions, Sheldon, Lazarus D. Shoemaker, Sloan, Sloss, Smart, George L. Smith, H. Boardman Smith, Snyder, Southard, Standiford, Stephens, St. John, Stone, Storm, Strawbridge, Sypher, Taylor, Charles R. Thomas, Jasper D. Ward, Wheeler, Whitehouse, Whiteley, Wilber, John M. S. Wililams, Wilshire, Jeremiah M. Wilson, Woodford, John D. Young, and Pierce M. B. Young—102. So the resolution of Mr. HAZELTON, of Wisconsin, was adopted. During the roll-call, the following announcements were made: Mr. SCOFIELD. My colleague, Mr. ROSS, is absent on account of illness. If here he would vote "ay." Mr. ROBINSON, of Ohio. My colleague, Mr. DANFORD, if present would vote "aye." He is detained from the House by sickness in his family. Mr. SAYLER, of Indiana. The gentleman from Missouri, Mr. BLAND, is detained from the House by illness. The result of the vote was announced as above stated. Mr. HAZELTON, of Wisconsin, moved to reconsider the vote just taken; and also moved that the motion to reconsider be laid on the table. The latter motion was agreed to. MESSAGE FROM THE PRESIDENT. A message in writing from the President of the United States was presented by Mr. BABCOCK, one of his secretaries, who also announced that the President had approved and signed bills of the following titles: An act (H. R. No. 1935) for the relief of William J. Scott, late aid de-camp on the staff of General Spears; An act (H. R. No. 3093) to relieve David A. Telfair from political disability; An act (H. R. No. 2206) to grant an American register to the bark Azor; An act (H. R. No. 1364) to amend the act entitled "An act to regu- 3 late the carriage of passengers in steamships and other vessels," ap- proved March 3, 1855; An act (H. R. No. 1763) to permit Edward Savage, of Minnesota, to enter one quarter-section of the public lands, or any legal subdivision of the same; An act (H. R. No. 259) for the relief of James W. Glover, postmaster at Oxford, in the State of New York; An act (H. R. No. 497) granting a pension to William Haffords, of South Yarmouth, Massachusetts; An act (H. R. No. 814) granting a pension to Olive S. Breed; An act (H. R. No. 816) granting a pension to Jane La Font; An act (H. R. No. 1230) granting a pension to Elizabeth W. Prindle, guardian of the minors of Joseph F. Doak, deceased; An act (H. R. No. 1396) granting a pension to Thomas J. Mclntire, of Rowan County, Kentucky; An act (H. R. No. 1772) for the relief William N. Williams, late a second lieutenant of volunteers; An act (H. R. No. 1933) to amend the thirty-first section of an act entitled "An act for enrolling and calling out the national militia, and for other purpose," approved March 3, 1863; An act (H. R. No. 1951) granting a pension to Isaac M. Grant; An act (H. R. No. 2096) granting a pension to James Roach; An act (H. R. No. 1562) for the relief of Jacob Parmenter, reimburs- ing him for defending a suit brought against him for an official act; An act (H. R. No. 2191) in relation to the customs duties on im- ported fruits; An act (H. R. No. 3085) to authorize the Secretary of War to furnish copies of certain papers called for by resolution of the House; An act (H. R. No. 498) to settle the accounts of Captain A. B. Dyer; and An act (H. R. No 1331) for the relief of Joab Spencer and James R. Mead, for supplies furnished the Kansas tribe of Indians. PATENT-RIGHT ARTICLES. Mr. SAYLER, of Indiana, by unanimous consent, introduced a bill (H. R. No. 3344) to regulate the manufacture, use, and sale of patent- right articles, and for other purposes; which was read a first and sec- ond time, referred to the Committee on Patents, and ordered to be printed. ORDER OF BUSINESS. Mr. NEGLEY. I move that the House resolve itself into the Com- mittee of the Whole, to proceed to the consideration of the bill (H. R. No. 1588) to amend an act entitled "An act to provide for the bet- ter security of life on board of vessels propelled in whole or in part by steam, and for other purposes." Mr. SWANN. I rise to move that the House resolve itself into Com- mittee of the Whole on the diplomatic and consular appropriation bill. The SPEAKER. The bill which the gentleman from Pennsylvania [Mr. NEGLEY] moves to consider in Committee of the Whole was made a special order for Tuesday, February 24, to be considered in Committee of the Whole under the five-minute rule. The gentleman from Maryland [Mr. SWANN] moves that the House proceed in Com- mittee of the Whole with the diplomatic and consular appropriation bill. Before going into Committee of the Whole the House must settle which bill it will take up. Mr. SWANN. The diplomatic and consular appropriation bill has been awaiting the action of the House for some time. It is very im- portant that it should be disposed of at an early day. The Commit- tee on Appropriations are very desirous to get all the appropriation bills passed through the House as speedily as possible. The SPEAKER. The bill of the gentleman from Pennsylvania [Mr. NEGLEY] is to-day the first bill on the Calendar as a special order; but it is competent for the House to set it aside by a majority vote, as it is competent to set aside any bill for the consideration of an appropriation bill. The question must be decided by a majority vote of the House. Mr. SWANN. I would impress upon the House the great impor- tance of getting through the appropriation bills. I hope my motion will prevail. Mr. NEGLEY. I appeal to the courtesy of the House to adopt my motion. I have yielded to the convenience of other gentlemen for the last three months, and as I shall be called away next week by very pressing engagements, I sincerely hope the House will agree to my motion. I have shown every indulgence to other gentlemen. Mr. SWANN. Mr. Speaker, I have the same claim on the courtesy of the House. I very seldom interfere with its business. The SPEAKER. The gentleman from Maryland [Mr. SWANN] moves that the bill of the gentleman from Pennsylvania [Mr. NEGLEY] be laid aside in Committee of the Whole for the purpose of taking up the diplomatic and consular appropriation bill. The question being taken, the Speaker declared that the ayes ap- peared to prevail. Mr. CONGER. I desire to make one remark. The SPEAKER. This is not a debatable question. Mr. CONGER. I did not understand how the vote was determined. The SPEAKER. The gentleman has a right, of course, to a division. Mr. CONGER. As to this question of order of business, I wish to say that the bill for the security of life on steam-vessels has been prepared— ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33A_F4_I4_p008.jpg) 18 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD. May 13, Mr. LOUGHRIDGE. I object to debate. Mr. CONGER. I do not wish to debate the question; but this bill has been prepared with a great deal of labor— The SPEAKER. The gentleman from Iowa [Mr. LOUGHRIDGE] objects to debate. Mr. CONGER. I believe that the necessities of the business of the House have frequently been made the subject of remark on questions as to the priority of business. The SPEAKER. The gentleman will observe that it would confuse the entire business of the House if the settlement, upon going into Committee of the Whole, as to which bill should have precedence were treated as a debatable question. Mr. CONGER. I do not wish to debate the bill on its merits; but gentlemen here frequently speak on these questions as to the order of business. The SPEAKER. But always by consent. The Chair would be glad to hear the gentleman, but the gentleman from Iowa objects. Mr. NEGLEY. I ask a division upon the vote. The SPEAKER. The Chair will state that while it is within the option of the House, when going into Committee of the Whole, at any time to prefer an appropriation bill to a prior special order by a ma- jority vote, yet the bill of the gentleman from Pennsylvania would not thereby lose its place or precedence. Mr. CONGER. I merely want to say that just at this season of the year, when vessels are being fitted out, it is a matter of very great importance if the House is to act on this bill at all that it should act on it immediately. Mr. SWANN. No bills before the House are of more importance than the appropriation bills. The SPEAKER. The gentleman from Maryland [Mr. SWANN] and the gentleman from Pennsylvania [Mr. NEGLEY] will act as tellers upon the motion of the gentleman from Maryland. The House divided; and the tellers reported—ayes 74, noes 72. Mr. NEGLEY. If the gentleman from Indiana and the House will agree to allow my bill to come in immediately after his, I will not consume further time on the question. The SPEAKER. The gentleman from Pennsylvania proposes that his bill be taken up in Committee of the Whole immediately after the diplomatic and consular appropriation bill. Is there objection? Mr. COBURN. I object. I want to get up the bill for the reduction of the Army. The SPEAKER. That bill is not in Committee of the Whole. Mr. COBURN. I am aware of that; but I presume the House would come out of Committee of the Whole immediately after dis- posing of the diplomatic and consular bill; and then we could take up in the House the bill for the reduction of the Army. Mr. TYNER. If the bill of the gentleman from Pennsylvania is likely to take up any considerable time, I shall have to object to the proposition. The SPEAKER. The bill of the gentleman from Pennsylvania is now the first bill in Committee of the Whole as a special order. The Chair will direct the reading of the rule on the subject, so that gen- tlemen may see the precise attitude of the question. The Clerk read as follows: And in Committee of the Whole House on the state of the Union, general appropria- tion bills, and, in time of war, bills for raising men and money, and bills concerning a treaty of peace, shall be preferred to all other bills, at the discretion of the com- mittee; and when demanded by any member, the question (of consideration) shall first be put in regard to them.—Rule 114. [Existing special orders, however, (being made under a suspension of the rules,) take precedence of all other busi- ness.] The SPEAKER. The bill of the gentleman from Pennsylvania is an existing special order in Committee of the Whole, having been made such under a suspension of the rules; therefore the Committee of the Whole would have no power to set it aside. But the House prior to going into committee can order that the bill be temporarily laid aside. That the House has decided to do by a majority of two votes, the vote as reported by the tellers being ayes 74, noes 72. Mr. NEGLEY. Is there objection to the arrangement I proposed? The SPEAKER. The Chair understands that the gentleman from Indiana, [Mr. COBURN,] chairman of the Committee on Military Affairs, and the gentleman from Indiana, [Mr. TYNER,] a member of the Committee on Appropriations, both object. Mr. NEGLEY. Then I demand a further count. Mr. COBURN. As the gentleman from Pennsylvania consents that his bill shall come after the diplomatic and consular bill, I withdraw my objection. The SPEAKER. The Chair understands that the gentleman from Indiana, [Mr. TYNER,] who has charge of the post-office appropria- tion bill, objects. Mr. TYNER. The Chair is right in that understanding. Mr. NEGLEY. Then I insist on a further count. Mr. TYNER. I trust I may be allowed a single word. The proba- bility is that the appropriation bill, of which the gentleman from Maryland [Mr. SWANN] has charge, would take up a considerable part of the session of to-day. To-morrow the Committee on Appropria- tions desire to proceed with the deficiency appropriation bill, and immediately after that bill shall have been concluded the committee wish to take up the post-office appropriation bill. The committee deem it their duty to urge on the House the necessity of continuing the consideration of these bills one after another as rapidly as possible. Mr. NEGLEY. I will insist on a further count, unless the House will kindly consent to an evening session for the consideration of this bill. Several MEMBERS. O, no. The SPEAKER. A further count must be by yeas and nays. Mr. NEGLEY. Then I ask for the yeas and nays. Mr. CONGER. I raise this point of order, that the question of con- sideration cannot be raised upon two bills at the same time. It has been raised upon the steamboat bill, in favor of the bill proposed by the gentleman from Maryland. The SPEAKER. The gentleman from Indiana [Mr. TYNER] was not raising the question except conversationally as to what might be done hereafter. It cannot be raised for more than one bill at a time; but when raised for a particular bill it applies to that bill, no matter how long it may be in committee. In other words, if the House votes to-day to lay aside the bill of the gentleman from Pennsylvania in order to give a preference to the diplomatic and consular appropria- tion bill, that laying aside will operate until that appropriation bill is disposed of. Mr. CONGER. And then the committee could not take up any other bill prior to this one? The SPEAKER. That could not be done in committee; but the committee could rise and the House could make the order. Mr. NEGLEY. I ask to have the last count corrected by the tellers again taking their places. Several gentlemen have told me that they voted under a misapprehension. The SPEAKER. That requires unanimous consent. Is there objec- tion to allowing this question to be settled by a recount by the tellers. Several members objected. Mr. SENER. Then let us have the yeas and nays. The SPEAKER. There is no other mode of settling it except by the yeas and nays. The yeas and nays were ordered. The SPEAKER. The Chair desires that gentlemen may distinctly understand the position of business; and if members will give atten- tion he will explain it. The bill from the Committee on Commerce, of which the gentleman from Pennsylvania has charge, is now a special order of prior date to any appropriation bill remaining in Committee of the Whole. Therefore if the House goes into commit- tee without any special designation of its business, that bill of neces- sity comes up first. But it is competent for a majority of the House to order that that bill be laid aside and that the next appropriation bill or any other appropriation bill named shall be taken up instead. It is now to be determined by a yea and nay vote whether the House will direct the bill to be laid aside for the purpose of taking up the consular and diplomatic appropriation bill. Mr. STARKWEATHER. I think an arrangement can be made that will save time. I do not think the diplomatic appropriation bill will take more than two or three hours. Mr. SPEER. The steamboat bill will not take that long. Mr. STARKWEATHER. The deficiency bill will probably be con- cluded in another half-day. Several members objected to debate. The SPEAKER. Debate is objected to. The question must be taken. The question was taken; and there were—yeas 62, nays 101, not voting 127; as follows: YEAS—Messrs. Ashe, Atkins, Barber, Beck, Blount, Bowen, Buffinton, Bur- chard, Caldwell, Cannon, Cook, Corwin, Crounse, Donnan, Dunnell, Durham, Eden, Eldredge, Field, Foster, Freeman, Gooch, Robert S. Hale, Hancock, Hatcher, John B. Hawley, John W. Hazelton, E. Rockwood Hoar, Hoskins, Kasson, Loughridge, Lowndes, Merriam, Mills, Monroe, Morey, Neal, Niblack, O’Brien, Orth, Hosea W. Parker, Isaac C. Parker, Potter, Ray, Rice, Ellis H. Roberts, James W. Robinson, Henry B. Sayler, Sessions, Shanks, Sheats, John Q. Smith, Starkweather, Strait, Swann, Tyner, Waldron, Wallace, Charles W. Willard, George Willard, Ephraim K. Wilson, and Wood—62. NAYS—Messrs. Albert, Albright, Arthur, Barry, Bell, Bright, Bromberg, Brown, Burleigh, Roderick R. Butler, Cason, Amos Clark, jr., Clymer, Stephen A. Cobb, Coburn, Conger, Cotton, Cox, Crittenden, Duell, Fort, Frye, Giddings, Glover, Gunckel, Hagans, Harmer, Henry R. Harris, Harrison, Hathorn, Joseph R. Haw- ley, Hays, Hendee, Holman, Hunter, Hyde, Kellogg, Kendall, Lamport, Lansing, Lawrence, Leach, Lynch, Magee, McCrary, James W. McDill, MacDougall, McKee, McLean, McNulta, Milliken, Mitchell, Morrison, Negley, Niles, Nunn, O’Neill, Orr, Packard, Packer, Page, Pelham, Pendleton, Thomas C. Platt, Rainey, Ransier, Rapier, Richmond, Robbins, James C. Robinson, Rusk, Milton Sayler, John G. Schu- maker, Scofield, Isaac W. Scudder, Sener, Sherwood, Sloan, A. Herr Smith, William A. Smith, Southard, Speer, Sprague, Stanard, Strawbridge, Christopher Y. Thomas, Thornburgh, Townsend, Vance, Marcus L. Ward, White, Whitehead, Whiteley, Whitthorne, Charles G. Williams, William Williams, William B. Williams, Willie, James Wilson, Wolfe, and Woodworth—101. NOT VOTING—Messrs. Adams, Archer, Averill, Banning, Barnum, Barrere, Bass, Begole, Berry, Biery, Bland, Bradley, Buckner, Bundy, Burrows, Benjamin F. Butler, Cain, Cessna, John B. Clark, jr., Freeman Clarke, Clayton, Clements, Clinton L. Cobb, Comingo, Creamer, Crocker, Crooke, Crossland, Crutchfield, Cur- tis, Danford, Darrall, Davis, Dawes, DeWitt, Dobbins, Eames, Elliott, Farwell, Garfield, Eugene Hale, Hamilton, Benjamin W. Harris, John T. Harris, Havens, Gerry W. Hazelton, Hereford, Herndon, Hersey, George F. Hoar, Hodges, Hooper, Houghton, Howe, Hubbell, Hunton, Hurlbut, Hynes, Jewett, Kelley, Killinger, Knapp, Lamar, Lamison, Lawson, Lewis, Lofland, Lowe, Luttrell, Marshall, Mar- tin, Maynard, Alexander S. McDill, McJunkin, Mellish, Moore, Myers, Nesmith, Parsons, Perry, Phelps, Phillips, Pierce, Pike, James H. Platt, jr., Poland, Pratt, Purman, Randall, Read, William R. Roberts, Ross, Sawyer, Henry J. Scudder, Shel- don, Lazarus D. Shoemaker, Sloss, Small, Smart, George L. Smith, H. Boardman Smith, J. Ambler Smith, Snyder, Standiford, Stephens, St. John, Stone, Storm, Stowell, Sypher, Taylor, Charles R. Thomas, Todd, Tremain, Waddell, Walls, Jasper D. Ward, Wells, Wheeler, Whitehouse, Wilber, John M. S. Williams, Wilshire, Jeremiah M. Wilson, Woodford, John D. Young, and Pierce M. B. Young—127. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33A_F4_I5_p001.jpg) New York 17 Miss Kane Thanks to my children Et in arcadia E go E D Kane Paid ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33A_F4_I5_p002.jpg) Miss Kane ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33A_F4_I6_p001.jpg) St. Marys Dezbr 20th 1860. Thomas L. Kane, Esq: Mr Dear Sir! Your favor of the 12th inst. I received just, when my dear son William was laying dead in my house. The poor boy had to suffer a great and knowing himself, that he had to die very soon, he wanted to see me and his mother once more, so I was called again to Brookville. Allthough I was not well yet myself I went immidiatly and took him home, where he, after speaking a few words to his mother, expired. I hope you will imagine my present situation and excuse me for not sending things any sooner. In the enclosure I send you the survey of the howard hill lots and the required receipt. The topographical map of Driftwood is completed and the rest of the maps will be done in a few days, You will receive them by Espress, but I wish you to send me the different names you disire to put on. There are about 5 men here now, who want to buy of your land and commence clearing immidiatly; therefore I wish you to give me soon positive instructions about the prise and other terms, so I can close the bargains. I would advise you to sell to those men very cheap and not let them go to an other place, as they are very industrious farmers, who will raise the value of your land considerably in a short time. On my part I would charge you very little ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33A_F4_I6_p002.jpg) for my service, just for the reason to make a good start with good farmers. Please favor me soon with an answer about all these things. I remain very respectfully and truly Your obedient servant John Fuellkart ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33A_F4_I6_p003.jpg) J. L. Fuillhart Decem. 20. 1861 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33A_F4_I7_p002.jpg) [Column 1] buying the entire work as they will all naturally expect to be presented with the 2nd Vol free gratis, For nothing, and then this delay is most damaging, while like 'Teble Town "Stands a spell on one foot first, "Then stands a spell on follies, "And on which foot he felt this worst, "He couldn't ha' tellt you nuther Li steps your Captn Codinan & foreslotts your market with a Book Conty 6 months later [--]teth [---]ee th[--] yours I sent you an Evg Post last night with extracts from Codinan's Book Now it is true that no one can depict Utah from your standpoint, but you might as well have had [Column 2] in addition the aid of novelty six valuable months at least have been lost in m[---]ing & leading "If it were done, when 'tis done, then 'twere well, "It were done quickly, Now 'tis done," after a fashion that is enough to do any harm that coven be done by the full publication to you with Aunt A. & Mr F. for be sure paid friends with let them know about the [---] of Vol 1. and this "Letting" I dare not, "wait upon" I[---]ell" "Like the four Cat i'the dilage" Not all the bad effect of an unpl[-]ed excuse "He who excuses, accuses" You would see that Captn. Cod[-]man arrives at the ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33A_F4_I7_p003.jpg) same Conclusion as I did that the best way with the Mormons is to let them alone! I have bespoken a friendly native on the "Scottish American" when Vol No 1. Comes, But if the whole work be published it will not want any "friendly" notices it can stand on its own merits. You would see by the Scottish American that I attended Principal Tollochs by most interesting "talk" on Monday evening last, he is the broadest s[---] of churchman I thought [-]ures pretty liberal in my views, but he took away my breath, but it was all very interesting I see by a note from the Editor of the Atlantic Monthly that my article is in the hands of the P[---] ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33A_F5_I1_p001.jpg) The following pages (were originally) printed for private circulation only, but not anonymously. My daughter, during a recent visit to Utah, wrote for my perusal, the Journal and Letters from which they have been copied. I take upon myself, the responsibility of publishing them, with the design of conciliating sympathy for the Mormons, who are at this time threatened with hostile legislation by Congress. From my daughter's Conversation day the result of the persecution of other Sects in other days, I am convinced that any renewal of the Molestation to which these unfortunate people have been subjected, will coofi[---] them in their most objectionable practices and opinions, and contribute directly to augment their numbers and influence, as a Sect. William Wood 4 West 18th Street New York 16/5/74 1.2 Mormon Homes visited in succession on a journey through Utah to Arizona ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33A_F5_I2_p001.jpg) [Column 1] cleverness, the mutual love between them & their [---]t[---] children — I say how hard is one in that we sin – is [---] lose my pets, over spiteful, l[--]te loveless – or respectably wives to our husbands, cold as the case may be. One of the cleanest, kindest women in Newton ought to have “A” on her breast pour creature. Tis living in open sin, & so sorry [Column 2] Darling Bess, I recd, yesterday yr letter of May 3rd & the books – Thanks for the dear loving letter. I shd like to see the manuscript Lehi to [-]ilt” – It isn’t as if I were sending you my manuscripts! Yr. dear l[--]te [The following is written sideways over the above entry] have been in their own way as great as Man & when I sin I sin against Light & knowledge But – I think you m[--] a [---] add or alter the Bk, & then persist! [--] pr [-]ersily he cannot the can’t give up that other women’s Husband (who is realy a horrid [---] drinking in [---] the real wife I meant Now I pd her that to write such a ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33A_F5_I2_p002.jpg) [Column 1] pudges are as le[-]ily as print. (so do send it) I have begun to read the Bk with painful interest – painful because the style is so admirable the subject so interesting – & yet my heart [---] gives me whether when I have read all I shd think it well to publish it – (all things considered.) “The Deils’ [---] to black as he painted” appears to be wd the moral of the book. – [Column 2] I car[--] that, either – for it really is — what I am quite ready to credit – that these [---] finds woman all full of kindness, worth cleanliness, gratitude I “expect” I’m going to read of refinement also here [-] that But then so are lots of other women, fallen more or less — & I could write a book to tell of their sweet faces, the “mother-look” in some of them, the gratitude, the ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33A_F5_I2_p003.jpg) PS. My own dear Bess — I hope you will understand that I don’t doubt yr monogymist tendencies!! — But really, I’m almost afraid that [-]tudies & the “reading public” wd form undesirable conclusions regarding “I’s" men’s at any rate – conclusion [-] however “mens’ conscia’ re iti ly you might I can them, you wd scenal disregard where yr children are concerned – May God guide you! Than the friendship with [The following is written sideways over above text] Brigham Young is puzzling at least you have found out your & pa[--] of writing interestingly will But [---] Him the god define it will got god bless you; I [---] ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33A_F5_I2_p004.jpg) Mr T. L. Kane ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33A_F5_I3_p001.jpg) [Column 1] makes me long to see have it published – but tho’ I have [---] read a part, I am sure I st[-] wish, both as a matter of simple morality, & as a matter of forestalling unfair criticism – many modifi- -cations – not of news, but if the way of expressing them – The [--]d also [-]dy - – (well if possible) “My Husband & I & my 2 boys – (I “took care that my young pure daughter wd not accompany us) & then the ? do. justice to the pure instincts [--] in evry good man & woman over-ride all haziness as to theoretical moralists – [Column 2] May 20th <1874> My darling Father Tell dear Bessie that I have written only a quarter of what I want to say to her – I hope she will understand that her book doesn’t bother me — but I feel that it might have a few sentences her or there added and wd still leave the [---] a true one – & it wd as it were introduced the writer (to outsiders) as the true Christ – following, pure minded wife & mother that [The following is written sideways on the page] whether I will or [--]t [---] Katie was delighted with Di[---]’s letter but after believing it like [---] at pi[--] we have begun ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33A_F5_I3_p002.jpg) [Column 1] we know — & somewhat also nine clearly express here own real opinion that because the men of Utah may not be worse than some of the men in N.Y. & pa – yet that sin is sin, & black is black & whites white – and that there are a “few names even in J[-]uder such as her Father, her Husband to say nothing of my Husband & without exception all the men Decline & fall of the R[--]ow Empire (it by the way I have never read but you have !! In loving L W [Column 2] I moreover d[--]r doesn’t believe in the general immorality of men – in one point — & you never did I mean that now that [--] has come, the men of Utah are as lin[--] justified in returning to the law of Moses as they [--] be in becoming Jews altogether, & denying it. I was re[---] dreaming in Bessies’ book half the night – My sisters pride in her admirable style – (“God-given so why am I [---] re[-]eren[-] my fifth?”) ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33A_F5_I4_p001.jpg) LAW AND LAND OFFICE OF McKEAN CO. BYRON D. HAMLIN. PENNSYLVANIA. Smethport, Aug 31st 1860 Thomas L. Kane Esq Dear sir, _ I have been examining the records of Deeds of this county for the purpose of preparing the brief of title of Mess Davis, as involved in suits against McFall and others. The quarter part of it I can make up, but some links in the chain are wanting, and it would be quite desirable to have a copy of the abstract which the McK & E. Land th[-]k. Co. undoubtedly have. I have also been inspecting the records of the suits and find that no appearance or plea has been entered by McFall though the others joined with him, a part of whom now have no interest, have plead. This will prevent a trial at our next term unless there is an agreement to try. The trial cannot be enforced by either party, but Campel McFall to plead then or obtain in[-]ment in default. The cause, by some in adve[-]tence was set down for trial several years ago, and was afterwards assumed to be at issue. The papers I now know we will went when the cause is tried, are: The Patents, or The Warrants and surveys, 2703. 2607 2638. 2600 for the different lots in suit. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33A_F5_I4_p002.jpg) Warrant of Atty. from Nichelin Nillink et al. dated Sep 30th 1824, to John J. Vanderkemp, Recorded at Philad in Letter of Atty Book G. WR. No 1 page 1. Warrant of Atty from Nichelin Nillink et al to Paul Busti– (This is recorded in Philad but I do not know its date nor where entered) We will also want a certified copy of the Mortgage or ind[-]ment, with the full proceedings, from the U. S. Court of the Western District of Pa. showing the sale of these lands by John M. Davis, U. S. Marshal. The made a deed to Nillink et al. (which is recorded here) dated 6th May 1830. We want the record of the case in which the property was sold. Very Truly Byron D Hamlin [Text written upside down at the bottom] McK E Co. B. D. Hamlin May 31, 1860 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33A_F5_I5_p001.jpg) 18a I Mr protest against the publishing of the book, unless in some way this very "significant. leaving behind of the young (or some equally st[-]ny deprication of sympathy daughter [--] be might found, with the Rea[---] Institution". – & then one thinks p[--] mentioning (even anonymously) the name & a young girl of one's own flesh & blood, on the same page with the revolting "peculiar contribution" of the Mormons — Ask Bessie & You what argument pr Arcadia or Pandemonium which?- That shrinking & revolting indication? Oh! I do so ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33A_F5_I5_p002.jpg) grudge her hightness her style & her true life that she has lived being dragged like a drainned thro in dunghill to hint of that subject! – But write she must. She writes like a Quarterly Re[---] “for clearnes terseness, wit, pathos — She must in some way build up the Church of God with thi gift of writing — & not squander it in [-]eing the points of resev[---] believer it & the Idd’s Temple You wrote me, by same mail a exquisite a sketch that I w[-]p friends – to [-]hen your arbitee (al[--]cts. we I dont know ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33A_F5_I6_p001.jpg) House of Representatives, Washington, D. C., June 1st, 1874. My dear General: Your favor of yesterday's date, informing me of the sending to me through B. French of a package of books, and requesting me to forward to you the uncopyrighted copy which you handed to me, has been received. The books (16) were duly received, and I took immediate steps to distribute them. I am satisfied they will do good. The un- copyrighted copy I have forwarded you by Mail this morning. I hope you will receive it safely. Judge Poland is still watching for an opportunity to introduce his Bill. Your health and that of Mrs. Kane and the family I trust is good. Please present them my regards, which accept to yourself from Your Friend, Geo. L. Cannon ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33A_F5_I7_p001.jpg) 4 West 18th Street N. York 3d June 1874 My dear T.LK. Yours of 31st May reached me last evening. When I wrote to Bessie last Thursday, I had not seen the first part of her printed Journal except as it affe[--]ed in its pristine state without Title page [--] and I fancied that the 30 Copies which she wrote were coming on to me were in the same Cone[-]tion. I therefore then thought that it would have been better to wait until the whole work was finished, printed published when that was done, I felt confident that as "good wives needs no bash" so the work would make ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33A_F5_I7_p002.jpg) [Column 1] As our way, without any favourable "trustees," and in spite of any unfavourable ones, but I feared that the issuing of a fragment, & the giving it away, would trust too spoil the sale of the whole when it appeared as a whole. I am at a loss to Conceive how you could assure, from this, that I "whom your daughter & "myself, most desirable to please, "by printing the first part of her. "journal, are the least pleased with "it." If everybody is as much pleased with the journal as I am it will be one of the best read books in the Nt. As your suggestion about my idea as to "how much move "an over tasked house wife & mother "might have done," I must say that it is the first time in my life [Column 2] that ever least it heated to use that I was over sparring a [---]ing house, no one wove fully appreciates than I do, the immense amount of mental & bodily work, that Getsie is constantly putting through lies m[--]d & hands, but when I saw the 2nd part of her Jounral it seemed to me, that only about [-]0 pages [---] needed to complete it, & as she had "your daughter" besides Miss Sheilds to assist her with the house in your absence of some two weeks, I fancied that during that time she would have put the last finishing touches to the work & that it would have been all ready to send to the press & if it was so, it appeared to me, to be a pity, to put any part of the work before the public, ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33A_F5_I7_p003.jpg) until the whole was ready. It was not until Friday eveng 1st inst that the 30 volumes arrived, next day (Saturday) I took a copy to the Editor of the Scottish American Journal, as Bessie wrote on 24th May "The remainder are as "you please, except one copy, Please to the "it yourself, to the Scottish American & get "a friendly notice (you explaining that it is "one of a few copies, printed pub not published "for private circulation & why)" You write as if I had gone to the Scottish American Journal of my own proper motion, now I didn't care a copper any more than you what the Scottish American thought about Bessie's work & I don't quite understand why she made such a point of its being noticed there anyhow it has not been noticed in this week's ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33A_F5_I7_p004.jpg) B Journal thought away in next week's the readers of that Journal don't "care a coffee," for anything but Scottish news. Now as to the [--]ode in which the first part of Bessie's work now appears. When I signed that paper which you drew of & which is printed as a sort of preface I certainly understood that Bessie's name was to appear on the Title page, that the work was to be given to the world as by "Mrs Thos. L. Kane." I taking the responsibility of publishing it so far as the public was concerned wishing to gratify Bessie by having her name in print without the possibility of any blow[-] attacking to he[-] for the publication & I leave ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33A_F5_I7_p005.jpg) [Column 1] I hope a not impardonable vanity in wishing my name to be associated with hers in a work, which is not only most interesting from its subject, but the style of which is in my humble opinion a model of perspicuity & elegance. Instead of which, the work is as com- pletely anonymous as "Junius, except that it is by one of my daughters, as Harriet truly says, "Charlotte, Bessie, Harriet or Helen which " [-] no mortal man, woman, or child can find the faintest clue, to the authoress, except that she is a daughter of mine, now in your preface, I am made to say "The following pages are printed "for private circulation but "not anonymously" Now in [Column 2] my copy as it stands after being passed upon by you the word "were" is substituted for "are" & of course my sole object in signing such a paper, was to have the work published as well as printed. It had been printed before, for private circulations & unknown to me be fine I saw the copy sent to Bessie here, by her children, Unless it is yet to be published, as a whole, I am made to appear very like a fool, & besides being made to state that the work is not printed anonymously, when it is. Without Bessie's company on the Title page, I feel made in the position of "Uriah the Hittite, when he was placed in the forefront of the battle ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33A_F5_I7_p006.jpg) & then "retire ye from him that "he may be smitten & die," now I don't care three straws about being placed in the forefront of the hotted battle, or any amount of writing if I had gained my objects, of having the work published & having Bessie's name of on the Title page, but as it is I expose myself to hostile criticism without any benefit to anybody that I can see Miless indeed the work be distributed to the Senators & a copy given to the President, for I see that the House of R. has already passed Poland's Bill, by a large majority I called today on Mr Bryant of the Evg. Post & left a copy for him as he was not there but saw one of the Literary Editors & told him what I wanted he said that the Editor who wrote the notice of Captn Codman's Book would probably like to write that on Bessie's, & that he would hand it ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33A_F5_I7_p007.jpg) C over to him when he came. his name is Brown. I said if they wanted to see me further on the subject, I would come when they sent for me. With regard to Fields of the Evangelist, I expect to see Dr Brewster this afternoon when I will ask him for an introduction which if he can give I will call on Fields with my sole remaining copy of the Book. The nasty article you sent me from the Independent may give just the opposite tone to the Evangelist. I hope it will. I send you a N.Y. Times of today with a sensible article on Mormonism. As to paying any one for a laudatory article on Bessie's Book, as you propose, I would not do it for ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33A_F5_I7_p008.jpg) [Column 1] a Mob of my own & so of course not for lies. I dont see why you should gird at the English by calling this purchasing [---] laudatory review "move English "if less nice" I spent the 12 happiest year of my life in England & I must do the English the justice to say, that I never met men of greater integrity & honour my experiece is confined to the Merchants & Markees of Liverpool, your never should experience to Hear of Norfolk parsons Inquires, I sincerely sympathise with your troubles in getting your 2000 separate hand For items adjusted "Hand weafertus loquor" for years I lead the burthe[-] of our 120,000 acres of Arkansas [Column 2] & Husselseff Lands on my should & I have still to sign Deede of Sale yet as they are held in my name 'Helen's little Baby, continues rather better but we have been greatly alarmed about the little beauty, congestion of the Man was feared. They have not yet decided about sum were greater & i may be that they all have just "to rest the thankful" where they are for I dont think G M N's recent operations, have tended to release the "[--] and- "gusta[-] down." I saw your friend Grant yesterday of the laying of the foundation stone of the Museum of Nat History be[-] Central Park & was agreeably ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33A_F6_I1_p001.jpg) My dear William (shall I say?) Many thanks for your kindness in sending me the first volume of Bessie's book, I have m[-]nly looked into it, but expect to be instructed & gratified by the perusal of it for I know if the undertook ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33A_F6_I1_p002.jpg) the task she would incured or else she would not belong to her Father & Mother God bless her memory. I was at Greenwood yesterday- Yours truly Margaret D Stone Thursday June 4th ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33A_F6_I2_p001.jpg) 4 West 18th Street New York 4th June 1874 My darling Bessie, [TUTUS IN UNDIS] Yours of 31st May reached me 2nd inst. I wrote a long letter to Tom yesterday, in which was enclosed, a short letter from Tot to you I now enclose her letter of 20th May to me, which follows of the clever appreciative criticism of your Book, begun in the letter to you, she is a wonderfully clever women, if she would only write legibly. The following is the disposition I have reach of your 30 Vols. J. Walter, Charlotte, Harriet, Helen De[-]neston, Duac[--] Chal[--]s, Van Horne, Emily Foster, Margaret House Dr Oru[-]stin. Mrs C. Bryant, Thomas Hasten, H.M. Field Coast[--]well M. H. A. D. Annalbood, Mr. D. Aunt Mary, Aunt Anne ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33A_F6_I2_p002.jpg) Anderson [---]kwood, AM Stewart (S. America) Ino T. Alguen, Wilson G Hunt, I. G Kane, Ed Atkinson Edith Phillips, that only makes 27, & I think I got 30, if I did I can't recollect to whom I gave the other three, anyhow they are all gone, without one left for myself, & I can't recollect whether I gave one to Uncle James or not. I got a letter of introduction yesterday afternoon, from Dr Or[-]iston to [-]eo H. M. Field of the Evangelist, & went down & called on him today, in his Editorial sanctum, I didn't know him but he knew me strange to say ("Move knew Tom fool than "Tom fool knows") & Move as Mr Wood of Denniston Wood [-], Straw either of Pub. Ms. or Docks. He rec'd me very pleasantly, & I opened fully the Mother of "ye Booke" & Tom's connection with the Mormons, from 1844 downwards. I told him, he might rely on all your statements ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33A_F6_I2_p003.jpg) that you had gone prejudiced against the Mormons, & your Book would show how your sympathies had been enlisted for them in spite of their polygamous practice. He asked if I did not think your imagination had been worked upon by their kindness? I replied I thought you were deficient in imagination & had always had an almost stern regard for truth. We then got off on Dock's Water front Public Schools &c & I suppose I must have sat upwards of an hour with him when I rose, I a- pologised for my long talk. He said he was very much pleased to have seen me & he feel I would call again & see him & he was going to his country place this afternoon to stay a day or two & would take my daughter's Book with him & peruse it at his leisure, He was on general principles, opposed to persecution & I hope he will give a proper notice ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33A_F6_I2_p004.jpg) after work on the Evangelist. I am satisfied from the tone of the newspapers & what I heard at the offices of the Eog. Post Evangelist that public opinion is in a very balanced state on the Mormon question The people don’t like them & at the same time they don’t like persecution & your Book if speedily published in its entirety, might fast have the desired effect of stopping the persecution & getting the Mormons let alone. I feel now that I have done all I can, or ought to do in the matter & the rest is in the hands of God As nearly as I can calculate the market value of the portion of your Book printed would be $1 [-]val. so I enclose you my check for $30 for my 30 Vols, which I hope will prove to be your “first fruits” Baby John is better & looks lovely The rest with suides & love to Tom H S.V. & the of little boys, I would like to have a photograph of H.A.V. in the he[-] train dressed like her grandmothers, God [The following is written sideways over the above entry] guide & bless us all Ever your affectionate Father William Woods P.S. The enclosed just bed from your blessed mother’s old friend M[---] None Wm W ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33A_F6_I3_p001.jpg) Forty-third Congress U.S. HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES. Washington, D.C. June 4th, 1874 My dear General: Your favor of the 30th ult. has just reached me. You are very kind in offering to send copies of "Pandemonium" as you propose. I think that a copy to each of the following gentlemen, who are on the Committee on Judiciary, and to whom the Poland Bill has been referred, would do good: Roscoe Conkling, Matthew H. Carpenter, Frederick T. Frelinghuysen, Geo. G. Wright, Allen G. Thurman and John W. Stevenson._ Also Aaron A. Sargent, Carl Schurz, Oliver P. Morton and John Sherman would, I think, appre ciate the book, and its perusal would help strengthen them in the proper direction. With kind regards to yourself, Mrs. Kane and the family I am Your Friend, Geo. L. Cannon ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33A_F6_I4_p001.jpg) The Independent. A WOMAN'S LETTER FROM WASHINGTON. WASHINGTON, D. C., June 6, 1874. How good of you, my INDEPENDENT, to June 11, 1874.] I lit in my niche in the gallery on Tues- day, just as Mr. Cannon, of Utah, had con- cluded his speech against the Utah bill. I have read every word of it, however, on principle, for no side of that question shall escape me. That there is a very tender spot in many a manly breast for the Mormon horror is most evident. How many men are by nature Mormons I have no wish to say. It is enough that they are altogether too many for the true women who would be glad to honor them. It is marked in the tone of the present Congress how few men there are in it who rise and with any ring of real feeling in their tones lift their voice against this enormity—this outrage against one-half of the race—as they would against any bondage that doomed man to degra- dation and slavery. How tender they are toward this "saint" from Utah. How fearful of impinging upon his matrimonial feelings. How tolerant of a system that would blot out the brightness of Christian civilization and substitute for it the tyranny and servitude of a barbarous age. How instantaneously one thrills to the ring of an earnest voice that feels what it says and practices what it preaches. Such a voice rang through the hall of the House of Representatives on Tuesday, when Mr. Ward, of Illinois, spoke. There was not an honorable woman who listened—from the honored wife, who had suffered not, to the outraged daughter of Heber Kimball, who was summoned to Washington to tell her story to the Committee on Elections—who did not bless this man for his protest and the tones in which he uttered it. I am going to quote as much of it as I dare; and, my dear INDEPENDENT, you must make room for it, every word, even if you crowd out something else. If you steal a little space from the aesthetic, it will be to give it to the highest right of human nature. Said Mr. Ward: "What are the provisions of this bill? What does it provide? So far from there being any packing of juries against Mor- mons, it is a fact—and I should object to it myself for that reason if I objected to it at all—it is the fact that it is almost a packing of juries against ourselves. When I say 'ourselves' I mean those who do not be- lieve in blood atonement; I mean those who do not believe in the order of Enoch; I mean those who do not believe in this Lat- ter-Day nonsense, as I see fit to call it; I mean those who do not believe in the sacri- fice of one-half of creation to the lusts and enormities of the other half. I do not be- lieve in these things myself, Mr. Speaker. I fully accord freedom to worship God and freedom of religious belief; but I remem- ber in history the enormous crimes which have been perpetrated in the name of re- ligion. It was in the name of religion and it is in the name of religion that the widow mounts the funeral pyre in India. It is in the name of religion that helpless infants are sacrificed in the waters of the Ganges. It was in the name of religion that thou- sands of human beings were sacrificed to the Aztec gods upon the bloody altars of Mexico. It is in the name of religion to- day, all over the world, that bloody, miser- able, wicked things are being done. It is in the name of religion these men come up here now and defend institutions which appal every honest-minded, pure man in all our land. . . . ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33A_F6_I4_p002.jpg) 25b "Now, gentlemen, away with your sen- timentality, your fearful dread of imposing something unusual upon these Mormons. Look at it! I ask gentlemen round about me who are afraid of some infraction of the rights of freemen, of the right of trial by jury, of some right and some privilege of American citizenship to look and see if we do not give these Mormons every right they can justly claim? But must they draw the juries and run the courts and do all this business in their own way? That practically is the issue presented to you. I wish that they, like their neigh- bors, shall follow the ways of civilization. I do not want you to oppress them, and this bill does not do it. I do not want to wrong them, and you do not by this law. I insist those who believe as I do—especially when I remember there are written in the laws of ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33A_F6_I4_p003.jpg) the country strong statutes against the crime of polygamy; especially when I re member the practices of those whom this delegate represents here are such as to shock almost everybody throughout this civilized land—I insist my people, our peo- ple, the Gentiles of Utah, shall have their rights also, and be permitted to be heard in the formation of juries and in the adminis- tration of the laws. . . . 25c "What other things do we do? We provide that it shall be just cause for challenge of a juror in a trial for bigamy or polygamy if the juror believes in or practices polygamy. Do you allow a man anywhere in your courts to sit as a juror in a trial for robbery who believes in or practices robbery? Do you allow a man to sit as a juror in a case of murder who believes in or practices murder? Do you allow a man to sit as a juror in a trial for any crime who believes in or commits that crime? Would you allow a man to sit as a juror on the trial of another man charged with crimes which the juror practices? Sir, such a thing has not been heard of until, with unblushing effrontery, this represent- ative of a deluded people, who worship a strange god, stands up in the American Congress and demands that it shall be allowed. Mr. Speaker, this is carrying the thing too far, and we ought to forbid it, and can forbid it without any infraction of the rights of American citizens. . . . "We find a man here to-day representing these people who has committed the out- rage of violating the law of the land upon the subject of marriage, who is the husband of more than one wife. It seems to be ex- pected by this high priest of the Mormon Church that you should recognize the right of his people to commit this crime in the name of religion. Sir, when it comes to the doctrine of blood atonement and human sacrifice, I will not, for one, tolerate such practices in the name of religion. These people may believe what they please, and I will believe what I please; but I insist that their practices shall be consistent with law and civilization." Let these words for truth and decency ring far beyond the Hall of Representatives. Through you, INDEPENDENT, I commit them to the people. Mr. Ward's ten-minute speech was followed by Judge Poland's argument. Then came the vote—159 yeas to 55 nays—75 members not voting. That same afternoon the Salt Lake City Tribune sent forth a extra with the following head- ings: "Glory to God." "Our Liberties Achieved." "Utah Relieved from Polyg. amy and Slavery." There are many who delight to see in the passage of this bill the triumph of injustice. If it dealt with anything less than an organized and mighty foe of the United States, its extreme measures might take on that semblance. It deals with a people as bitterly hostile to the principles of the Gov- ernment of the United States as were its armed foes in the midst of bloody war. Twelve years ago the Congress of the United States passed a bill providing that in all the territories of the United States polygamy should be a crime. What differ- ence has that law of the land made in Utah? ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33A_F6_I4_p004.jpg) With United States judges, United States marshals, and a United States district at- torney in Utah, that law has made no dif- ference with the practices of a sect who loudly proclaim themselves to be "a law- abiding people." Why? With packed juries of Mormons, no scorned Gentile law could be enforced. How was it possible that it could be by any measure short of the provision of this bill? Do you want any stronger proof than the presence of this Mormon in Congress? With bigamy and polygamy prohibited as a law on every statute-book of the United States, here sits an open polygamist, an acknowledged dele- gate amid the makers of these very laws. It is very easy to publish that this bill has been passed by "lobby influence." It has been passed by a tardy but still living sense of patriotism and decency in the minds of American legislators. 25d Talk of lobby influence! Mormon money has been spilled like water and Brigham Young's minnions have been as busy as bees to buy its defeat. The Mormon member, forsooth, is even a bishop and missionary. No small part of his representation consists in going about and dropping Mormon books, "privately printed," into the hands of whoever will take them, especially of "newspaper men." The present boast is that, if "Apostle Cannon" is expelled, he will be returned to his seat by the women of Utah. Very likely. Slaves are ever obedient to their masters, and, if it is the will of Brigham Young that "Apostle Cannon" come back, his slaves, ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33A_F6_I4_p005.jpg) men and women, will vote for him. It is men who say that these Mormon women like their slavery. We used to hear that the African slave would not be free if he could. No less, at the first opportunity, he seized his liberty, till not one slave was left. Ignorance, superstition, fanaticism, and fear makes the "plural" wife accept her bondage and bear it as a cross to win her heavenly crown. Human nature is indivis- ible in its intrinsic essence. No Mormon shares his wife. Heaven dare not send such a revelation to him. No woman shares her husband unless she must. See what seeks representation in a republican government! A plurality of wives, female suffrage, in a religious hierarchy, which is om- nipotent to constrain every member to vote as the Head of the Church dic- tates. Brigham Young has not one vote, but tens of thousands. Each apostle has his own (under Brigham) and the votes of all his wives. What sort of a political corpora- tion and fortification is this to set against Christian enlightenment and republican gov- ernment? Let me say to you, men of Con- gress, you have no right longer to evade and condone such issues. Smile upon Apostle Cannon, if you will; call him "a very nice man"; a fellow feeling may make you "wondrous kind" to him. No less you are responsible to the people, and among the people are your country women. Give the Mormon his rights as a citizen; but what right has he to defy and to break law more than any other man, even though he do it in behalf of his prophet? Let it end, this insult to woman- hood in defiance of law and in the name of religion. M. C. A. 25e ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33A_F6_I5_p001.jpg) 1874. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD. 17 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33A_F6_I5_p002.jpg) COURTS IN UTAH. Mr. POLAND, from the Committee on the Judiciary, which was authorized to report it at any time, reported back, with amendments, House bill No. 3097 in relation to courts and judicial officers in the Territory of Utah. The bill, as proposed to be amended, was read, as follows: 26b Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States of America in Congress assembled, That it shall be the duty of the United States marshal of the Territory of Utah, in person or by deputy, to attend all sessions of the supreme and district courts in said Territory, and to serve and execute all pro- cess and writs issued out of, and all orders, judgments, and decrees made by said courts, or by any judge thereof, unless said court or judge shall otherwise order in any particular case. All process, writs, or other papers left with said marshal, or either of his deputies, shall be served without delay, and in the order in which they are received, upon payment or tender of his legal fees therefor; and it shall be unlawful for said marshal to demand or receive mileage for any greater distance than the actual distance by the usual routes from the place of service or execution of process, writ, or other paper, to the place of return of the same, except that when it shall be necessary to convey any person arrested by legal authority out of the county in which he is arrested, said marshal shall be entitled to mileage for the whole distance necessarily traveled in delivering the person so arrested before the court or officer ordering such arrest. Said marshal is hereby authorized to appoint as many deputies as may be necessary, each of whom shall have authority, in the name of said marshal, to perform any act with like effect and in like manner as said marshal; and the marshal shall be liable for all official acts of such deputies as if done by himself. Such appointment shall not be complete until he shall give bond to said marshal, with sureties, to be by him approved, in the penal sum of $10,000, conditioned for the faithful discharge of his duties; and he shall also take and subscribe the same oath prescribed by law to be taken by said marshal; and said appointment, bond, and oath shall be filed and remain in the office of the clerk of the supreme court of said Territory. In actions brought against said marshal for the misfeasance or non-feasance of any deputy, it shall be lawful for the plaintiff, at his option, to join the said deputy and the sureties on his bond with said mar- shal and his sureties. Any processes, either civil or criminal, returnable to the supreme or district courts may be served in any county by the sheriff thereof or his legal deputy, and they may also serve any other processes which may be author- ized by act of the territorial Legislature. SEC. 2. That it shall be the duty of the United States attorney in said Territory, in person or by an assistant, to attend all the courts of record having jurisdiction of offenses as well under the laws of said Territory as of the United States, and perform the duties of prosecuting officer in all criminal cases arising in said courts; and he is hereby authorized to appoint as many assistants as may be necessary, each of whom shall subscribe the same oath as is prescribed by law for said United States attorney; and the said appointment and oath shall be filed and remain in the office of the clerk of the supreme court of said Territory. The United States attorney shall be entitled to the same fees for services rendered by said assistants ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33A_F6_I5_p003.jpg) 1874. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD. 19 as he would be entitled to for the same services if rendered by himself. The terri- torial Legislature may provide for the election of a prosecuting attorney in any county; and such attorney, if authorized so to do by such Legislature, may com- mence prosecutions for offenses under the laws of the Territory within such county, and if such prosecution is carried to the district court by recognizance or appeal, or otherwise, may aid in conducting the prosecution in such court. And the costs and expenses of all prosecutions for offenses against any law of the territorial Legis- lature shall be paid out of the treasury of the Territory. SEC. 3. That there shall be held in each year two terms of the supreme court of said Territory, and four terms of each district court, at such times as the governor of the Territory may by proclamation fix. The district courts shall have exclusive original jurisdiction in all suits or proceedings in chancery, and in all actions at law in which the sum or value of the thing in controversy shall be $300 or upward, and in all controversies where the title, possession, or boundaries of land, or mines or mining claims shall be in dispute, whatever their value, except in actions for forcible entry or forcible or unlawful detainer; and they shall have jurisdiction in suits for divorce. When a bill is filed by a woman to declare a marriage or pre- tended marriage void, on account of a previous subsisting marriage of the defend- ant to another woman, the court or judge thereof may grant such reasonable sum for alimony and counsel fees as the circumstances of the case will justify; and may likewise, by final decree, make such allowance for the maintenance of the com- plainant and her children by the defendant as may be just and reasonable. And whenever, in any proceeding for divorce, or in any civil cause, or in any criminal prosecution, it is necessary to prove the existence of the marriage relation between two persons, it shall not be necessary to prove the same by the production of any record or certificate of the marriage, but evidence of cohabitation between the parties as husband and wife, and the acts, conduct, declarations, and admissions of the parties shall be admissible, and the marriage may be established like any ques- tion of fact. Probate courts, in their respective counties, shall have jurisdiction in the settlement of the estates of decedents, and in matters of guardianship and other like matters; but otherwise they shall have no civil, chancery, or criminal jurisdiction whatever; they shall have jurisdiction of suits of divorce for statutory causes concurrently with the district courts; but any defendant in a suit for divorce commenced in a probate court shall be entitled, after appearance and before plea or answer, to have said suit removed to the district court having jurisdiction, when said suit shall proceed in like manner as if originally commenced in said dis- trict court. All judgments and decrees heretofore rendered by the probate courts which have been executed, and the time to appeal from which has by the existing laws of said Territory expired, are hereby validated and confirmed. The jurisdic- tion heretofore conferred upon justices of the peace by the organic act of said Ter- ritory is extended to all cases where the debt or sum claimed shall be less than $300. From all final judgments of justices of the peace an appeal shall be allowed to the district courts of their respective districts, in the same manner as is now provided by the laws of said Territory for appeals to the probate courts; and from the judgments of the probate courts an appeal shall lie to the district court of the district embracing the county in which such probate court is held in such cases and in such manner as the supreme court of said Territory may, by general rules framed for that purpose, specify and designate, and such appeal shall vacate the judgment appealed from, and the case shall be tried de novo in the appellate court. Appeals may be taken from both justices' and probate courts to the district court of their respective districts in cases where judgments have been heretofore ren- dered and remain unexecuted; but this provision shall not enlarge the time for taking an appeal beyond the periods now allowed by the existing laws of said Ter- ritory for taking appeals. Whenever the condition of the business in the district court of any district is such that the judge of the district is unable to do the same, he may request the judge of either of the other districts to assist him, and upon such request made, the judge so requested may hold the whole or part of any term, or any branch thereof, and his acts as such judge shall be of equal force as if he were duly assigned to hold the courts in such district. SEC. 4. That within sixty days after the passage of this act, and in the month of January annually thereafter, the clerk of the district court in each judicial dis- trict, and the judge of probate of the county in which the district court is next to be held, shall prepare a jury-list from which grand and petit jurors shall be drawn, to serve in the district courts of such district, until a new list shall be made as herein provided. Said clerk and probate judge shall alternately select the name of a male citizen of the United States who has resided in the district for the period of six months next preceding, and who can read and write in the English language; and, as selected, the name and residence of each shall be entered upon the list, until the same shall contain two hundred names, when the same shall be duly certified by such clerk and probate judge; and the same shall be filed in the office of the clerk of such district court, and a duplicate copy shall be made and certified by such officers, and filed in the office of said probate judge. Whenever a grand or petit jury is to be drawn to serve at any term of a district court, the judge of such dis- trict shall give public notice of the time and place of the drawing of such jury, which shall be at least twelve days before the commencement of such term; and on the day and at the place thus fixed, the judge of such district shall hold an open session of his court, and shall preside at the drawing of such jury; and the clerk of such court shall write the name of each person on the jury-lists returned and filed in his office upon a separate slip of paper, as nearly as practicable of the same size and form, and all such slips shall, by the clerk in open court, be placed in a cov- ered box, and thoroughly mixed and mingled; and thereupon the United States marshal, or his deputy, shall proceed to fairly draw by lot from said box such number of names as may have previously been directed by said judge; and if both a grand and a petit jury are to be drawn, the grand jury shall be drawn first; and when the drawing shall have been concluded, the clerk of the district court shall issue a venire to the marshal or his deputy, directing him to summon the persons so drawn, and the same shall be duly served on each of the persons so drawn at least seven days before the commencement of the term at which they are to serve; and the jurors so drawn and summoned shall constitute the regular grand and petit juries for the term for all cases. And the names thus drawn from the box by the clerk shall not be returned to or again placed in said box until a new jury-list shall be made. If during any term of the district court any additional grand or petit jurors shall be necessary, the same shall be drawn from said box by the United States marshal in open court; but if the attendance of those drawn cannot be obtained in a reasonable time, other names may be drawn in the same manner. Each party, whether in civil or criminal cases, shall be allowed three peremptory challenges; and in the trial of any prosecution for adultery, bigamy, or polygamy, it shall be a good cause of principal challenge to any juror that he practices polyg- amy, or that he believes in the rightfulness of the same. In criminal cases, the court, and not the jury, shall pronounce the punishment under the limitation pre- scribed by law. The grand jury must inquire into the case of every person impris- oned within the district on a criminal charge and not indicted; into the condition and management of the public prisons within the district; and into the willful and corrupt misconduct in office of public officers of every description within the dis- trict; and they are also entitled to free access, at all reasonable times, to the public prisons, and to the examination, without charge, of all public records within the district. SEC. 5. That there shall be appointed by the governor of said Territory one or more notaries public for each organized county, whose term of office shall be two years, and until their successors shall be appointed and qualified. The act of the Legislative Assembly of the Territory of Utah entitled "An act concerning notaries public," approved January 17, 1866, is hereby approved, except the first section thereof, which is hereby disapproved: Provided, That wherever in said act the words "probate judge" or "clerk of the probate court" are used, the words "sec retary of the Territory" shall be substituted. SEC. 6. That the supreme court of said Territory is hereby authorized to appoint commissioners of said court, who shall have and exercise all the duties of commis- sioners of the circuit courts of the United States, and to take acknowledgments of bail, &c.; and, in addition, they shall have the same authority as examining and committing magistrates in all cases arising under the laws of said Territory as is now possessed by justices of the peace in said Territory. SEC. 7. That the common law of England, as the same is defined and modified by the courts of last resort in those States of the United States where the common law prevails, shall be the rule of decision in all the courts of said Territory so far as it is not repugnant to or inconsistent with the Constitution and the laws of the United States and the existing statutes of said Territory. SEC. 8. That the act of the territorial Legislature of the Territory of Utah entitled "An act in relation to marshals and attorneys," approved March 3, 1852, and all laws of said territory inconsistent with the provisions of this act, are hereby disap- proved. The act of the Congress of the United States entitled "An act to regulate the fees and costs to be allowed clerks, marshals, and attorneys of the circuit and district courts of the United States, and for other purposes," approved February 26, 1853, is extended over and shall apply to the fees of like officers in said Terri- tory of Utah. Mr. CESSNA. I ask the gentleman to yield to me to offer a substi- tute for the fourth section of this bill proposed by the committee. Mr. POLAND. It was agreed to in the Committee on the Judiciary that the gentleman from Pennsylvania [Mr. CESSNA] should have the right to offer the amendment he has indicated. I yield to him for that purpose. The proposed substitute for the fourth section was read, as fol- lows: SEC. 4. That whenever a judge of any district court of said Territory shall deter- mine that a grand or petit jury will be needed at a term of such court, the said judge, the clerk of such court, and the United States marshal shall, without regard to the religious, political, or social opinions of such citizens, make a list in writing of two hundred male citizens of the United States, above the age of twenty-one years, who shall have been residents in such district for a period of six months next previously, and shall affix thereto their certificate to the effect that the same is the list from which the grand and petit jurors are to be drawn for the terms of such court to be holden within the year next following, and shall cause same to be filed in the office of the clerk of said court; and whenever the judge shall order the clerk to issue a venire, the clerk, in the presence of the said judge and marshal, or his deputy, shall write the names continued in the said list each on a separate slip of paper, all the slips being of the same size and kind, and shall fold them uniformly so that the name written thereon shall be concealed, shall then place them in a cov- ered box and thoroughly mix and mingle them, and shall then not select, but shall draw, as by lot, therefrom the requisite number of names. If a grand jury be re- quired, it shall be drawn first, and consist of the number before provided. The number of petit jurors thus drawn shall be such as, in the opinion of such judge, is needful to discharge the entire jury duty for such term, so that there shall always be three more jurors than the number required for each separate panel; and the panel in each trials shall be twelve men. The clerk and the marshal shall affix thereto their certificates of the time and place of such drawing, and file the same in the office of said clerk, who shall forthwith issue a venire to the said marshal, com- manding him to summon the persons so drawn to attend and serve as such jurors at the time and place previously designated by the said judge, and such jurors shall constitute the regular jurors for such term of the court of all cases, whether aris- ing under the laws of the United States or under the laws of said Territory. If at any time a talesman or talesmen shall be required, his or their names shall be drawn from the said box by the clerk in open court, and if the attendance of such juror or jurors cannot be procured in a reasonable time other names shall be drawn, and so from time to time until the jury is obtained. No challenge shall be allowed on the ground that a juror had been summoned or had served at a previous term of court. Each party, whether in civil or criminal cases, shall be allowed three peremptory challenges; and in the trial of any prosecution for adultery, bigamy, or polygamy, it shall be a good cause of principal challenge to any juror that he practices polyg- amy, or that he believes in the rightfulness of the same. In criminal cases, the court, and not the jury, shall pronounce the punishment under the limitation pre- scribed by law. The grand jury must inquire into the case of every person impris- oned within the district on a criminal charge and not indicted; into the condition and management of the public prisons within the district; and into the willful and corrupt misconduct of officers of every description within the district; and they are also entitled to free access, at all reasonable times, to the public prisons, and to the examination, without charge, of all public records within the district. Mr. POLAND. I yield to the gentleman from Wisconsin [Mr. BARBER] to offer an amendment. Mr. BARBER. I move to amend by adding to the last section these words: But the district attorney shall not by fees and salary together receive more than $3,500 per year; and all fees or moneys received by him above said amount shall be paid into the Treasury of the United States. Mr. POLAND. I move to recommit the bill and amendments. Mr. Speaker, I shall take but a very few moments in explaining this bill. I should be very glad to give more time and have a more extended discussion of it than the condition of business in the House will at this time allow. The bill that has been presented by the Judiciary Committee is mainly remarkable for its moderation when compared with previous bills that have been before the House upon this vexed subject of the Territory of Utah. Every gentleman in the House knows more or less of the hisotry of this Territory, of its very peculiar origin and settlement and the difficulties that have attended the execution of the law there. While that Territory was aloof from all the rest of the United States, while it was almost inaccessible, the officers of the United States who were sent there were at times driven away; they were never allowed to exercise any authority as officers of the United States over that Territory. I have no time to go into the history of those matters. Gentlemen have doubtless given them attention; and if any gentleman desires particular information on that subject, I would refer him to the debates that took place in this House and the Senate upon this subject four years ago, and also to documentary evidence connected with the contest for the seat as Delegate of that Territory four or five years ago, in which all the facts and the whole history of this subject are given. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33A_F6_I5_p004.jpg) 20 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD. JUNE 3, Since the building of the Pacific Railroad and since the discovery of mines in Utah which have induced an influx of population termed there "Gentiles," the state of things in that Territory has been some- what different from what it was at an earlier period. The ruling powers in Utah have not ventured within a few years to drive out the United States officers or to molest them personally; but having the whole power of the local Legislature, they have contrived effect- ually to checkmate the authority of the United States officers. We send out a district attorney of the United State; the territorial Legislature of Utah, filled entirely by Mormons controlled entirely by Brigham Young and the "twelve apostles," elects a territorial attor- ney general and invests him with full power and authority. We send out a United States marshal; this territorial Legislature elects a territorial marshal investing him with full power; and although two or three years ago the supreme court of that Territory decided that this marshal was illegally appointed and that the office was vacant, yet in spite of the supreme court and its decision, that territorial marshal continues to hold the office until this day and to execute his authority. Mr. CROUNSE. Will the gentleman allow me a single remark? Mr. POLAND. Not a word. We send out United States judges to hold court in that Territory; the territorial Legislature elects pro- bate judges in the various counties and invests them with full power and authority in all judicial matters—in all cases civil and criminal, law and equity. Men are tried for murder in the probate court. So that by this duplication of all the authorities that we send out into that Territory, the power of the United States is effectually check- mated and all its officials are the merest figure-heads Now, Mr. Speaker, the object of this bill is to stop this proceeding, and to put the legal machinery in motion in that Territory. That is the whole scope and purpose of the bill; and as I have but a few moments, I will call attention briefly to its provisions. It provides in the first section for the exercise of the duties and powers of the United States marshal; and for the purpose of enabling him to exe- cute the duties of his office it provides that he may appoint deputies who are to give bonds, &c. To that section there is a written amend- ment which is now a part of the bill, in which, in order that it may not be said on the part of the Mormon population that they have not officers of their own persuasion to serve process if they please, we have provided that the sheriffs of the several counties may serve any process returnable to the district or any other court within their re- spective counties. The second section of the bill provides for the performance of duty by the United States district attorney, who is authorized to appoint assistants for that purpose; but to this also we have added, as in the first section, a provision that the territorial Legislature may provide for the appointment of a prosecuting attorney in every county who may prosecute for all offenses under the laws of the Territory; and if any of those cases go by appeal, or otherwise, into the district court, this local attorney may be associated in the prosecution of those cases in that court. The third section relates to the respective jurisdictions of the courts and giving jurisdiction to the district courts which are held by the judges appointed by the President, and taking away the jurisdiction of the probate courts; that is, confining the jurisdiction of these pro- bate courts to the proper business of the settlement of estates. And I think the gentleman who sits here as Delegate of that Terri- tory knows as well as I know the Supreme Court have agreed upon a decision, and it was only deferred in consequence of the pendency of this bill, wherein they have decided the territorial Legislature had no authority to confer this kind of jurisdiction which these probate courts have heretofore exercised; that the conferring of general, legal, civil, and criminal jurisdiction upon the courts was a usurpation and their acts are void. We provide in this bill for taking away that jurisdic- tion from these probate courts, but at the same time we have taken care to validate the proceedings which have become executed. The fourth section, Mr. Speaker, provides for the selection of jurors, and upon this we have had great difficulty. The bill, as origi- nally reported from the committee, contains the provision offered by the gentleman from Pennsylvania [Mr. CESSNA] as a substitute for the present fourth section. We provided the district judge and clerk and marshal should select two hundred names from which the jurors were to be drawn. The committee were impressed with this idea that a jury should be drawn from the body of the people, and we were not satisfied with a provision which would put the whole power of drawing juries into the hands of persons who were not Mormons and who might be hostile to them. Therefore we have substituted the present provision of the fourth section that the clerk of the dis- trict court and the judge of probate of the county where the district court sits shall select a list of two hundred names, each selecting the names alternately, so the fair prospect would be that one-half of the two hundred names selected would be Mormons and the other half would not. We have then provided that the drawing of the jurors shall be in open court; shall be public, so everybody may have an opportunity to see it is fairly done. The majority of the Judiciary Committee thought this provision was one nobody could complain of; one which would be entirely fair to all parties. But, in addition to that, we have a provision that in any prosecution under the law of Congress against polygamy, the fact of a person’s practicing polygamy or believing in the rightfulness of it should be good cause of challenge to his sitting on a jury to try that sort of offense. Mr. DEWITT. Grand as well as petit juries? Mr. POLAND. Yes. The fifth section of the bill provides for the appointment of nota- ries public by the Government. Notaries public are now elected by the Mormon Legislature. The sixth section of the bill provides for the appointment of com- missioners by the court with the same powers of commissioners ap- pointed by the circuit court of the United States. The seventh section provides the common law of England as de- fined by the courts of last resort in those parts of the United States where the common law prevails shall be the rule in that Territory. The necessity for that, Mr. Speaker, grows out of this fact this Ter- ritory was acquired from Mexico, and therefore it may be a very grave question, though comparatively an unsettled Territory when we acquired it, whether the common law prevails unless adopted by special act of Congress. The eighth and last section of the bill repeals those acts of the territorial Legislature providing for the appointment of a territorial marshal and a territorial attorney-general, and also extends the act of Congress in relation to fees of United States officers over the Territories. This I find was an unnecessary provision, for it is the law already. Mr. MCKEE. Does it repeal the law by which the Mormon probate judges are elected by the Territorial Legislature? Mr. POLAND. No, sir; it allows them to elect probate judges, but confines the authority and duty of probate judges to the settlement of estates. It takes away from the probate judges the trying of all cases, criminal and civil. Mr. MCKEE. But it still leaves them the power to select jurors, and every one of these probate judges is a Mormon bishop. Mr. POLAND. That is, it leaves them conjointly, the clerk of the district court and the judge of probate, to select a jury alternately. Mr. MCKEE. Then these Mormon bishops will still have the power to select jurors. Mr. POLAND. The bill provides, as the gentleman would know if he had listened to me, that in prosecutions for bigamy it will be good cause of challenge that the party practices or believes in polygamy. Mr. MCKEE. None the less polygamous bishops will have the selection of the jury. Mr. POLAND. Now, Mr. Speaker, as I said in the outset, at this period of the session but little time can be devoted to this bill. I now propose, having used fifteen minutes, to call the previous ques- tion; and if it shall be seconded I will then yield of the remaining hour three-quarters of it to the Delegate from Utah to use himself or to give to others, as he pleases. Mr. CROUNSE. I hope the previous question will not be sustained. This bill is too important to be forced through under the previous question. It ought to be amended before it passes, if it passes at all. The SPEAKER. The gentleman from Vermont withdraws the mo- tion to recommit, and asks the previous question on the passage of the bill. Mr. MCKEE. Will not the gentleman from Vermont permit me to move as a substitute for the pending bill one of his own bills? Mr. POLAND. No, sir. Mr. ELDREDGE. I appeal to the gentleman from Vermont not to insist on the previous question. The gentleman from Utah is here and has a right to be heard upon a measure affecting his own people, as this does. Mr. POLAND. I will give the gentleman from Utah three-quarters of the remaining hour. I would be glad to allow more time for dis- cussion on this bill, but at this stage of the session it is impossible. Mr. ELDREDGE. Three-quarters of an hour would scarcely give the gentleman from Utah time to review the provisions of this bill. It is one that vitally affects the interests of his people, and I think he ought not to be cut off from the opportunity of debate. The question was put on seconding the previous question; and on a division there were—ayes 63, noes 58; no quorum voting. Tellers were ordered; and Mr. POLAND and Mr. ELDREDGE were appointed. The House divided; and the tellers reported—ayes 107, noes 62. So the previous question was seconded. The main question was then ordered. The SPEAKER. The gentleman from Vermont now has one hour to close debate. Mr. POLAND. I yield three-quarters of the remaining hour to the Delegate from Utah, either to use himself or to yield to others. Mr. CANNON, of Utah. I yield ten minutes to the gentleman from Nebraska, [Mr. CROUNSE.] BILLS IMPROPERLY PASSED. The SPEAKER. The Chair is informed by the Journal clerk that House bill No. 1273 and House bill No. 1995, the first being an act to regulate proceedings in mandamus and the second an act to amend the act approved June 18, 1838, entitled "An act to require the judge of the district courts of East and West Tennessee to hold a court at Jackson, in said State," which were passed last evening, were both passed some time since and are now pending in the Senate—the same ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33A_F6_I5_p005.jpg) 1874. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD. 21 bills, with precisely the same numbers. Under the circumstances the Chair requests that the passage of those bills last evening be stricken from the Journal. Mr. POTTER. When were they passed before? The SPEAKER. The act to regulate proceedings in mandamus was passed on the 19th of February, on the report of Mr. JEWETT, from the Judiciary Committee. Mr. MCKEE. It was the same Judiciary Committee that reported and had passed those bills that reported this bill in relation to Utah. Mr. DAWES. The matter should be referred to the Committee on Revisal and Unfinished Business. The SPEAKER. That committee has been merged into the Com- mittee on Revision of the Laws. Mr. HALE, of Maine. And those were the only two bills that the committee got through last night. No objection being made, the Journal was ordered to be corrected by striking out the record of the passage of the two bills referred to. COURTS IN UTAH. The House resumed the consideration of the bill in relation to courts in Utah. Mr. CROUNSE. Mr. Speaker, as a member of the Committee on the Territories I have had some opportunity to consider the questions involved in this bill, and I did hope that the opportunity would pre- sent itself when I might present to the House some of the considera- tions which are here involved and which relate to the details of this bill. In the consideration of a question so important as this the House cannot afford to be swayed or governed by passion or prejudice. Standing up here in defense of what I believe to be a proper system of law for the government of this Territory, I wish to disclaim in advance any disposition to defend the system of polygamy. I am not here for that purpose, but I am here to join hands with all who wish to put down this system by proper and legitimate means. Sir, we should not confound this question of polygamy with the question of framing a proper system of laws to govern the Territory of Utah. Our action upon this bill will become a precedent for the future. If to-day we can under the guise of an assault on Mormon- dom frame a system of laws which in the future may be evoked as a precedent in order to oppress people of other Territories, it would be indeed a dangerous step for us to take. I regret, sir, the sentiment that I see displayed around me. Within the hearing of my voice, when I was contending here that this bill should be submitted to proper consideration by the House and that the previous question should not be insisted on without full discussion of its several pro- visions, I heard gentlemen say that they did not care what was in the bill; that they were going for it anyhow. Sir, if we act in such a spirit as that, what hope is there for any people who are to be run down by the United States Government? Upon this question in relation to the government of the Territory of Utah the gentleman from Vermont [Mr. POLAND] seems to have identified himself with the subject from the very outset. The annals of Congress show that each session a "Poland bill" has been intro- duced. It is generally introduced on the first day of the session, and is referred to the Committee on the Territories and to the Committee on the Judiciary. It seems that this gentleman has taken, in familiar language, "the job" of fixing up the affairs of Utah. And when I respectfully asked the liberty to propound a question while the gen- tleman was making a statement here, he found it convenient to deny me the right of propounding interrogatories or correcting what I re- gard misstatements, when he would tolerate other gentlemen whom he knew to be in sympathy with the bill. The gentleman from Mis- sissippi [Mr. MCKEE] could get up and interrogate him at pleasure, and it was entirely convenient and pleasant for this to be done; but the gentleman knew from my connection with the bill that it would perhaps not be profitable to tolerate any questions on my part. Mr. POLAND. I certainly intended no discourtesy to the gentle- man. I had only fifteen minutes in which to explain the bill, and I had no time to yield for interrogatories. If the language I used to the gentleman appeared to be discourteous, I beg his pardon. Mr. CROUNSE. I accept the apology, but the facts are there and the inference can be drawn. When I wanted to make an inquiry and to correct a misstatement, at that time the gentleman could not tolerate a question; no, sir; not a bit of it. But when others pro- pounded inquiries, then there was opportunity, and a disposition to allow them to do so. Now, in order to make this bill palatable to the House, if I may use the term, it must be prefaced with some imaginary grievances, or the statement of a condition of affairs which really does not exist. It becomes necessary to refer away back to the early history of this peo- ple, when they were isolated, away off, and when they had imposed and inflicted upon them United States officials who by their arro- gance became intolerable. At such a time they may have rebelled, and such circumstance must be made a pretext for calling forth action on the part of Congress to-day. But I say look over the Territory of Utah to-day and see where is the rebellion which is talked of here, where is the defiance of law. Canvass and scan the organic act or- ganizing the Territory and by which the people are allowed to make laws for themselves. Look over those laws and compare them with the laws of any other Territory of the United States, and then see where they fall short. Not one word is brought forward here, be- yond general assertion that things are all wrong there, for the foun- dation of this action on the part of Congress. The gentleman says that while the United States appoints its mar- shals, the Territory, in defiance of law, appoints its marshals. Why is this? The office of United States marshal is as distinct from the office of territorial marshal as is day from night. Their office run in different directions. One is charged with the execution of the writs, processes, &c., emanating from the United States courts and in United States cases. I have the record of a case here where the judges who were sent out to Utah attempted to set aside the territorial mar- shal. That Territory saw fit under its laws to appoint a marshal; for what? For the disposition of matters arising under their laws and in no way in conflict with the laws of the United States. Now, that they have a right to do. If that is denied them, then one of the first principles of a republican system of government is gone and wiped out. When a people in a Territory cannot be accorded the right to enact their own laws, those that relate to themselves, as long as they do not conflict with the Constitution of the United States, and if they cannot select their own officers to execute those laws, then I say you are striking down the very first principles of American liberty. You are taxing men without representation, you are demanding obe- dience to laws which they have no voice in making, and you foist upon them officers to execute the laws under no responsibility to the people governed. It is a proposition unheard of in the history of American law-making or jurisprudence. I say then that the charge brought here was that they elected a ter- ritorial marshal in defiance of the laws of the United States, which provided a United States marshal. Judge McKeon, of the supreme court of that Territory, took that position; a position never taken before in any other Territory of the United States. That case was brought to the Supreme Court of the United States, and how was it terminated there? I have the record before me, but cannot take time to read it. Here is the information filed by the United States officer and the answer of the territorial marshal, where he distinctly says that he disclaims any right to interfere in the control of United States affairs; that he is elected under the organic act relating to the affairs of Utah, is elected by the Legislature of Utah, and in pur- suance of that election he acted in the discharge of his duties as such in serving writs and processes which emanated from the court as far as they related to territorial matters; for instance, the crime of larceny, murder, or any offense which is made such by the laws of the Territory of Utah. In those cases, where the processes went forth through the territorial marshal, he executed the writs and processes, as he had a right to do, and as he should do, they involving no infrac- tion of any law of the United States. But that, I say, is made an offense. When I asked from the gentleman from Vermont [Mr. POLAND] the privilege of interrupting him that I might inquire whether or not the United States had not sustained that position, I was denied that courtesy. This bill must be pushed down our throats, as though this House were a lot of willing subjects only too ready and anxious to go to any length that gentlemen may dictate. This measure is to be put through under the whip and spur of the previous question. But an hour—one poor hour—is given to the discussion of matters involving the rights of one hundred and thirty-five thou- sand people, whose only fault is that they entertain religious convic- tions differing from those entertained by gentlemen here. I tell you, sir, it will not do for this Congress to assume a mock regard for par- ticular laws while unmindful of others. Let every man turn his sight inward; let him stand before the forum of his own conscience; let him ask himself whether he has any religious convictions at all. Men who have none at all are perhaps too apt to be intolerant toward those who have. I say that while I deplore the system prevailing in Utah, while I am not in sympathy with that form of religion, while I desire and hope that in the progress of civilization it will be wiped out, I hope the American Congress will not act hastily in this regard. As I wish to be sparing of the time of the gentleman from Utah, [Mr. CANNON,] I can only say that I did hope to assail this bill in its details. There are several views I would like to submit in which I am satisfied this House would concur with me. I am satisfied that this House would not upon deliberation enact the seeming anom- aly of having one set of people make laws while officers appointed by another and distinct authority are to execute those laws. Why, sir, by this mode of proceeding you strike down the very law-mak- ing power itself. If those people cannot have their own marshals and their own prosecuting attorneys to proceed against offenses arising under their own laws they will make no laws. They will wipe out their laws entirely if they cannot have a voice in executing them. Examine all the laws that have been passed since the organ- ization of this Government, and where will you find that any like this has been enacted? Mr. ELDREDGE. The gentleman will allow me to suggest to him that the marshals selected by the local authorities of Utah sus- tain precisely the same relation to that Territory that our sheriffs bear to the respective States. There is no difference or distinction in that regard. Mr. CROUNSE. Precisely. That is what I wish to have understood by the House; that we are asked to enact a law which is in defiance of all precedents in our legislation, and for no sufficient reason; be- cause the system of polygamy, if it is to be assailed at all, is to be assailed under the laws of the United States. Congress should not, ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33A_F6_I5_p006.jpg) 22 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD. June 3, and I say cannot in consistency with the principles underlying our institutions, enact laws which will thrust upon that people a set of Government officials responsible to no one except the Government here at Washington. I say that this people does not deserve such treatment. Aside from the question of their religion they are entitled to the same rights, immunities, and privileges which would be claimed in behalf of any other people. They have shown themselves law-abiding and indus- trious. You may look over all the States and Territories of this Union, and nowhere will you find the rate of taxation lighter than in that Territory. In this respect the people of that Territory have made a record which ought to be the envy of the General Government and of every State government. I say that people who have behaved in this manner should not bring down upon their heads the enactment of laws which must simply operate to enrich United States officials and turn the people over bound hand and foot to the tender mercies of officers whom they have no voice in choosing. While I would not antagonize the bill in gross, I hope that as pre- sented here and sought to be forced through it will be voted down, and that the opportunity may be given to correct and modify it in those essential particulars which I know this House upon calm con- sideration would not approve. As a Congress we cannot afford to act upon the principle which I intimated at the outset appeared to be influencing many members here. I fear that principle operates too largely. I have never known a case in which the law for the government of a great people who are asking to become a State of this Union has been passed in such haste, and with so little apparent necessity. Mr. CANNON, of Utah. I yield to the gentleman from New York, [Mr. POTTER.] Mr. POTTER. Mr. Speaker, any bill that provides for the selec- tion of jurors is a bill that deserves the attention of the House, not only as regards the citizens particularly to be affected by it, but be- cause of the precedent it may establish for other sections of the coun- try and other times. In regard of this bill I think the House ought to understand the legislation of Utah out of which the demand for this bill has grown. In 1859 the territorial Legislature of Utah passed a law, which was approved by Congress, providing for the selection of jurors by the local authorities; that is to say, a full list of the tax-payers and citizens of full age was to be made out in each county, from which the county court was to select the panel of jurors. Under this terri- torial law juries were drawn in that Territory without difficulty for something more than ten years. But the judges of the territorial court—that is those appointed by the President, who came into office after that time—regarded the existing law as invalid, and held the panels of jurors thus drawn were improperly drawn. There has never yet been such a controlling decision by the Supreme Court of the United States as constrained the action of those judges; and they have therefore, most if not all of hem, continued to hold the panels of jurors drawn under the existing laws were unlawfully drawn. I con- tend that there were therefore no lawful juries sitting in the Territory. Then it followed naturally that delegations from both sides came to Congress from Utah and said, "Pass a law in regard to the selection of juries." The non-Mormons complained that the difficulty with the existing law was that it enabled the Mormon officials to pack the juries with Mormons, and that they ought not to be compelled to try their cases with this peculiar people, with juries made up entirely of those of their own faith. On the other hand the Mormons said, "We have no litigation among ourselves, and the records of the courts will show that non-Mormons have been given the fullest opportunity to recover against us; and if Congress shall pass such a law as the non-Mormons recommend, yoo will enable the men who have come into the Territory with the railroads recently constructed to get con- trol of the courts and the juries, and to imprison and convict all of us or drive us out of the Territory, so that they can thus get our lands for nothing." This indicates briefly the two sides of the question as urged before our committee. The bill as first brought before the Judiciary Committee contained the clause my colleague on the committee from Pennsylvania [Mr. CESSNA] has suggested as an amendment to its present form. That clause provided the United States judge should himself select the jury. To that I was and am utterly opposed. It did seem to me it would be better to drive this Mormon people out of the Territory without color of law at the point of the bayonet than to establish a precedent of this character, by which the Federal official would be able of his own will to pack a jury against that or any other people; for that is ex- actly what the amendment of the gentleman from Pennsylvania, if it becomes a law, will lead to. In the state of feeling that has existed in that Territory between the mass of the people and the Federal judges, to give those judges or the clerks or marshals of their courts the right of selecting jurors could not in that community be followed by any other result than the grossest injustice under the form of law. The committee took the same view I had of this provision. As we first agreed upon the bill, it provided that a list should be made out of all the citizens in the Territory otherwise eligible who could read and write, and that their names should be put into a box, and the jury drawn from that by lot. That provision was subsequently changed to the present provision, by which it is required the probate or local judge shall select one-half and the clerk of the Federal court shall select the other half of the jurors. Mr. MCKEE. How are they selected now in other States and Ter- ritories? Mr. POTTER. In most of the States and Territories by the local officers, I believe; by the sheriffs of the counties in very many of the States, and by the territorial marshals, I believe, in all the Terri- tories except Utah. Mr. MCKEE. In most of the States they are selected by the mar- shal. Do you call that packing a jury? Mr. POTTER. You are speaking of the juries of the Federal courts of the States, where there is no such division among the people. In the South it may be the marshal can now pack juries. The present bill provides, Mr. Speaker, that the juries shall be chosen one-half by the judge of probate, that is to say by the county judge or local authorities, and the other half by the Federal author- ity. This perhaps is as fair under the circumstances as it is practi- cable to make a jury for Utah. My difficulty with the existing bill is this: on page 10 the House will see that it is provided that in all prosecutions for adultery, bigamy, or polygamy no person shall be entitled to serve on the jury who has a belief in polygamy. As three-fourths of the men who re- side in the Territory now do believe in polygamy and practice it, the result will be they will all be absolutely excluded from the juries in such cases, and the jury in all prosecutions for bigamy or polygamy will therefore necessarily be made up of persons who are non-Mormons. I do not see why under such a provision every Mor- mon cannot be convicted of polygamy, for undoubtedly they are guilty under the Federal statute passed years ago. I do not see, I say, why they all may not be, the whole Mormon people, convicted and locked up under this provision and the Territory be thus left bare to the non-Mormons to take possession of and keep. If I am told that a whole community cannot be punished for violating a law, then the answer indicates the needlessness of passing laws which can- not be enforced. Many years ago we passed a law against polygamy which we never have enforced. Here now is another law which, if it can be enforced, will have the effect of driving these people out of the Territory, leaving the lands to those there who are not Mormons, and which we propose to enforce by giving to the non-Mormons the control of the juries that may sit upon that question. If polygamy could be broken up by mere law it would have been done before this. At any rate I shrink from doing it by a method which is not calcu- lated to insure that impartial trial by jury which the Constitution guarantees to every citizen. I have felt, besides, sir, that it could not be long in any event before these people would have to move on; that the railways coming into the country would introduce into it not only new people but new ideas. In a far-off place like the Salt Lake settlement it was easy to carry out for a time the patriarchal system, and for men who had great families and many wives to provide for. But with the rail- road came new ideas and new wants—the shop-keeper, the dress- maker, the milliner, and the modiste. Think, sir, of a man with twenty wives going out of a morning to buy back-hair and crinoline and silk dresses. Nothing could meet the cost of supporting their families in such style, and it therefore seems to me as if these changes will have a certain and growing effect in breaking up this system, so at vari- ance with our race and time. Indeed it seems to me these influences will have more effect in destroying and rooting out polygamy than any legislation we can adopt providing for packed juries, which is in effect the proposition that the gentleman from Pennsylvania recom- mends as an amendment to this bill. Mr. E. R. HOAR. I desire to ask the gentleman from New York a single question. I desire to know whether the Committee on the Judiciary, in reporting this seventh section of this bill, in which they say "that the common law of England, as the same is defined and modified by the courts of last resort in those States of the United States where the common law prevails, shall be the rule of decision in all the courts of said Territory," inadvertently left out the provision that where the decisions differed they should adopt the decision of Vermont? Mr. POTTER. The distinguished gentleman from Massachusetts, formerly the Attorney-General of the United States, and especially familiar with the laws and statutes of the United States, should address this question to the gentleman from Vermont reporting this bill, who can answer it better than I can. He must bear in mind, however, that this Territory was originally a part of Mexico, and that it has been claimed the common law did not apply to it. I do not, Mr. Speaker, so much object to the other provisions of this bill; my main objection is to the amendment moved by the gentleman from Pensylvania, and to that provision in the bill as reported that in all prosecutions for polygamy no man shall be a juror who believes in or practices polygamy. I understand, however, that my friend from Vermont [Mr. WILLARD] proposes to offer an amendment which will cure that evil, and I hope his amendment will be admitted to be voted on and will be adopted, and that the amendment offered by the gentleman from Pennsylvania will be voted down. Mr. CANNON, of Utah. Mr. Speaker, the reasons which have been assigned by the gentleman who has introduced this bill for its passage are that in the Territory of Utah the people have chosen a territorial ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33A_F6_I5_p007.jpg) 1874. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD. 23 marshal, who, he says, has endeavored to wrest power from the United States marshal, and have also elected a territorial attorney who has endeavored to interfere with the duties of the United States district attorney, and also that they have conferred upon their pro- bate courts concurrent jurisdiction with the district courts for the Territory. If these be the reasons for this legislation, then the same reasons exist in favor of similar legislation for all the Territories of the United States. The Territory of Utah should not be made an excep- tion in this respect. In every Territory, as at present organized, they have their local officers, their sheriffs, who are the ministerial officers of their courts and who execute processes; they have their county attorneys who act for the Territory and in execution of its laws. They also have probate courts, and in some instances possessing quite an extensive jurisdiction; sufficiently extensive to be open to the same objection that is made to the jurisdiction of the court in the Territory of Utah. This is so in respect to the Territory of Colorado, and it has been the case with other Territories. Utah is not the only Territory which has amplified the jurisdiction of the probate courts. One of my objections to the bill under consideration is that it is local in its application. If there be any reason for the enactment of a law like this, the same reason exists in regard to all the Territories as well as Utah. It has been said that in the Territory of Utah United States judges have been driven away, have been compelled to flee. I challenge the gentleman who made that statement to adduce a single item of evidence to sustain the charge. It 1867 Judge Drummond who had conducted himself most infamously in the Territory left it and after- ward circulated all manner of charges in the public prints against the people of Utah, among others accusing them, I believe, of using vio- lence and driving him from the Territory. That charge was widely circulated, but upon an examination all his statements were disproved. To return to the probate courts; was it wise and proper for the Legislative Assembly of Utah to confer upon the probate courts the jurisdiction complained of? It will be remembered that what is now the State of Nevada once formed a part of the Territory of Utah. At the present time that Territory extends three hundred and sixty miles north and south and two hundred and sixty-four miles east and west. Its inhabitants are settled mostly in towns and villages. For this Territory and popu- lation Congress has provided three courts: first district court, held at Provo; second district court, held at Beaver; third district court, held at Salt Lake City. Of these courts the first two mentioned hold one term a year, and the last mentioned two terms a year. The time during which the first and second district courts have been in session, up to within the last three years, will not average two days in each year, and there has been a year or more at times when no district court has been held outside of Salt Lake. The district court in Salt Lake has been in session but a small portion of the time. Some of the judges appointed in years past to the first and second districts never saw the places appointed for holding their courts. Recently the judges of these districts have held courts regularly in their districts, and the judge of the first district has a residence in his district, and probably the judge of the second in his also; but of this I am not certain. If he has, he is I believe the first judge who has resided there. The probate courts had therefore of necessity to be endowed with extensive jurisdiction or the people would have been compelled, to punish crime, to have had recourse to lynch law. But supposing these courts had been in regular session; Saint George, a city of two thousand inhabitants, possessing large agricultural and manufacturing interests, is situated in the southern portion of the Territory in the second judicial district and one hundred and twenty miles from Beaver, where the court is held; the facilities for travel- ing would enable a citizen of Saint George to arrive at Beaver in about three days. Would it not, under these circumstances, be highly in- convenient for him to transact any business in the district court? A citizen of Boston can travel to Chicago quicker and cheaper and more comfortably than a citizen of Saint George can travel from his home to Beaver; yet the citizen of Boston would consider it something of a hardship should he be obliged to transact all his business at Chicago, and he would not be considered unreasonable should he ask for some local tribunal. Other towns in the Territory are similarly situated to that of Saint George, and, without local courts of some kind, they are wholly without protection by judicial authority in property or person. Under these circumstances, can it be said that the Legisla- ture of Utah acted unwisely in conferring jurisdiction on the probate courts? Would they not have fallen far short of their duty had they neglected to throw around their infant settlements, so widely sepa- rated, such protection as the probate courts have afforded? So far as the administration of justice in these courts is concerned, I have had forwarded to me from the Territory a statement of the cases which have been tried by the ordinary juries of the Territory in the probate court of Salt Lake County for several years. Out of a list of eighty-four civil cases, to which Mormons and non-Mormons were parties, fifty-nine were decided in favor of non-Mormons and dis- senting Mormons, and twenty-five only decided in favor of Mormons, showing how fair the administration of justice has been in that Ter- ritory by juries and the probate courts. The parties to sixty-two cases were non-Mormons and dissenting Mormons; and yet it is urged as a complaint against these courts that the judges are Mormon bishops, &c. Sir, there is probably no officer in Utah Territory, if he belongs to the Mormon people, who does not hold some position in the church. The mormon people do not believe in salaried preachers; but they believe it to be the privilege of every worthy man of their organiza- tion to be an elder, and, when called upon, to make himself useful in preaching. Doubtless many gentlemen about me who have visited Utah Territory will recollect, if they passed a Sabbath there, that elders were very frequently called from the body of the congregation to preach from the stand without any preparation whatever. Bishops, probate judges, men of different vocations in the community, are thus called upon to speak to the people. So that if you say that a man must not exercise political functions in Utah because he is an officer in the church you exclude from all offices in the Territory every re- spectable Mormon. Sir, I repeat there are no reasons, unless they be religious, why there should be special legislation of this character for Utah. If it be the intention to strike a blow at the Mormon people, to exclude them for exercising the power of self-government, of controlling the country which they have redeemed and made valuable, of depriving them of the right to hold office, if it be the intention to wrest the government of the Territory out of the hands of the majority and give it into the hands of others who are the minority, then this bill will answer the purpose designed. But in attempting to force this bill through this House do not let it be said that there are legal rea- sons for its passage. The legal reasons for its passage do not exist. Sir, you doubtless remember that at the session of the Legislature of Utah held some few months ago a resolution was adopted asking Congress to appoint a congressional commission to visit Utah and examine into the condition of affairs there. It had been alleged that legislation by Congress was necessary in consequence of the usurpa- tions of the people who are in the majority in that Territory. They by that action plainly said they are not afraid of investigation, and are quite willing to have their affairs thoroughly examined, and if there be wrong-doing on their part to have it shown up; but they also de- sired to have the conduct of their accusers examined, that a fair, impartial body of men might judge between them. Mr. MCKEE. May I ask the gentleman if of those members of the Legislature who signed the petition about the violation of the laws all but three are polygamists and living now in violation of the law? Mr. CANNON, of Utah. Then the more reason for them to shun investigation. If they are all polygamists, and therefore all sinners, then the greater reason why they should shun investigation. Mr. McKEE. Is not that true? I have the list here. Mr. CANNON, of Utah. The very fact that they invited this in- vestigation shows that they are not afraid to meet the light of day and have investigation of the fullest and freest character. There have been difficulties doubtless in Utah Territory as there are in other Territories. There is no Territory of the United States to-day in which there are not difficulties and disputes between the local and Federal authorities. The condition of affairs in the Territories is of so anomalous a character and so painful, that no people can live under a territorial form of government without irritation arising between the people or their local officers elected by themselves and the officers in whose appointment they have no voice. Examine all the Territo- ries, and you will find this to be the case. The only difference between Utah and the other Territories is that her people, having an unpopu- lar religion, afford her enemies a better chance to talk against them. Mr. Speaker, who are the men who have brought this bill to this House and asked for its passage? Is this the product of the wisdom of the Committee on the Judiciary? No, sir; this bill is but one of seven or eight bills which have been brought to Washington by men who are interested in getting legislation passed through Congress. It is not a bill originating in the Committee on the Judiciary or in the Committee on Territories, or in any other committee which has had these bills before it. Who have been the men who have sought to get this bill and others like it passed by Congress? The men most interested in its passage. They are the persons who have sought to get it through. Since the commencement of this Congress we have had the United States marshal of that Territory on the floor of this House button- holing members and doing all in his power to push forward this bill and to secure its enactment into law. We have had, too, the United States district attorney stealing on this floor whenever he could get a chance for the same purpose. These men have been here con- stantly pressing upon members of the Judiciary Committee, upon members of the Committee on the Territories, and upon gentlemen who are not on either of those committees the passage of this bill. Mr. POLAND. I presume the gentleman does not mean to mis- state; but neither the district attorney, the marshal, nor any one else from Utah has had anything to do with the preparation of this bill except a gentleman named Whitney, a lawyer of Salt Lake City, who holds none of those positions and who assisted me in the preparation of the bill. None of those other gentlemen had anything to do in reference to it. Mr. CANNON, of Utah. I am very glad, Mr. Speaker, to have the gentleman make this statement, because I have it in my power to prove that the district attorney did before the Committee on the Ter- ritories claim the authorship of this bill. Mr. POLAND. Then he claimed what was not true. Mr. CANNON, of Utah. I knew that Mr. Whitney had framed the ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33A_F6_I5_p008.jpg) 24 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD. JUNE 3, bill and presented it, as I understood him, (for he told me so himself,) to the gentleman from Vermont, [Mr. POLAND.] But the district attorney did state—and doubtless the members of the Committee on the Territories well remember the statement made by him in their committee-room—that he had helped to get up this bill, the bill before the Committee on the Judiciary, called "The Poland bill." This is the class of persons who have been urging this measure all the time. Has any capitalist or any merchant from Utah, out of the thousands of non-Mormons who are said to be in that Territory, come here to urge the passage of this bill? Has there been any deputation from any of those men? I am told there is a list of men, forty-five in num- ber, who have urged the passage of this bill. An analysis of that list shows that a portion of these are men who have once been Mormons, and who have an unconcealed dislike for their former brethren; the others are men who are dependent upon them for trade; and others who are lawyers, and desirous to please the court of the third judi- cial district. But it may be said, "If these capitalists and other influential peo- ple of Utah do not desire the passage of this bill why have they not in person or by a committee or by petition come to the House and urged that it be not passed?" The reason is obvious. These men have important interests in Utah. If they have not cases in court, they do not know how soon they may have. It would require more than ordinary courage, therefore, for such men to come forward and take part with the weak side, however strongly their feelings may lean in that direction, especially with such a judge in the third judi- cial district as now sits there. It will be observed also that the parties who are here urging the passage of this bill are those who are interested in its success. If this bill should become a law, the office of the United States district attorney in Utah would be worth as much as that of the President of the United States; the office of marshal of Utah Territory would be equally valuable. What does this bill do? In the first section it sweeps away twenty-one sheriffs, and substitutes for them a United States marshal, and twenty-one deputies in the counties; that is a deputy for each county. What does the second section provide? It gives to the United district attorney the entire control of the prose- cutions in the Territory, not only under the United States laws but under the local laws. With the feeling there is on this subject and with such a district attorney as we have now, who has shown what his designs are, we can readily understand what the fate of the Mormons would be if this bill should be made a law, especially when they are not allowed, if they even believe in the rightfulness of polygamy, to sit upon a jury, and when general reputation is made evidence in criminal prosecu- tions. Let an unprejudiced jurist examine this bill, especially if he has had experience in the Territories, and he cannot fail to perceive how dangerous and subversive of all republican government it is. I cannot believe that there is a member of this House who would vote for such a bill to be enforced against any other people than those who reside in Utah Territory. Let gentlemen examine it and try and for- get that it is designed to be put in operation against the Mormons, and then ask themselves if they would be willing to have it go upon the statute-book. [Here the hammer fell.] The SPEAKER. The forty-five minutes allowed to the gentleman from Utah have expired. Mr. CANNON, of Utah. I trust the House will grant me more time. It is the first time that I have appealed to the House for any courtesy of this kind. Several MEMBERS. Go on. Mr. POLAND. Mr. Speaker, I have no sort of objection to extend- ing the gentleman's time so long as the House may choose to extend it. I have already yielded to him and to those to whom he might choose to yield three-quarters of an hour, taking for myself only fifteen minutes in opening and fifteen minutes for closing. But I must object to an extension of the gentleman's time unless the same additional time that may be allowed to him shall be allowed to me. The SPEAKER. How much time does the gentleman from Utah desire? Mr. CANNON, of Utah. I do not think I shall require much longer time. I submit this to the House. Mr. POLAND. I do not wish to be considered as objecting to the gentleman's proceeding, but I wish the same extension given to the committee that is given to him. The SPEAKER. If the gentleman from Utah will specify the time he wishes the Chair will submit the request to the House. Mr. CANNON, of Utah. I would like to have fifteen minutes longer. The SPEAKER. The gentleman from Utah asks for fifteen min- utes, and the gentleman from Vermont asks that the same time be given to the committee. If there be no objection these requests will be granted together. The Chair hears no objection, and the exten- sions of time are granted. Mr. CANNON, of Utah. Mr. Speaker, the condition of Utah Ter- rity is such that I can speak of it with a good deal of pride and without any fear in relation to the result of any examination to which its affairs may be subjected. Utah Territory has now been settled nearly twenty-seven years. On the 24th of the coming month we shall have been there twenty- seven years. To-day we are out of debt. The counties, the cities, and the Territory are entirely free from debt. There is not a bond of any kind afloat. The affairs of the Territory have been managed in the most economical manner. The aim has been to have taxation as light as possible. There are those who wish a change, who desire to obtain the control of affairs, and this bill is in their interest. It is easy to imagaine what the result would be if it were to pass and the control of the Territory were taken out of the hands of those who at the present time have the majority there. What an excellent field there would be for—I was going to say plunder, and I do not know that it is too strong a word to use. Experience elsewhere has shown how easy it is to issue bonds and to involve a community inextricably in debt. It is against this that my constituents protest. They wish the ma- jority to govern. They govern elsewhere, why not in Utah? Why aid the minority by throwing congressional influence and legislation against the majority? What have the majority done that this must be inflicted upon them? It has been said, let the railroad be built across the continent and the Mormon power will soon be broken. Then it was said, let mines be discovered, so that emigration can flow in, and the overthrow of the Mormons will then be assured. The rail- road has been built, mines have been opened, emigration has flowed to Utah, churches and schools have been built and organized—I believe there are five or six different denominations busily engaged there— and yet there is a class who are not satisfied. The overthrow of the majority in Utah has not been accomplished as they hoped. They now want Congress to aid them by granting hostile legislation against this majority, and thus wrest the control of affairs from their hands. Sir, it is but another scheme for robbing that people, and it is hoped it can be done under the guise of law. Members should hesitate before they cast their votes for such a bill. Examine well what the results of such legislation are likely to be. Let members ask them- selves how they would like such legislation enacted for them if they were objectionable for religion or any other reason. Put yourself, sir, in the condition of the Mormons, and ask yourself how you would like to have such a law as this passed against you. It may be said the Mormons are heretics, but this does not justify Congress in making this bill a law. Such legislation never, in the history of the world, put down heresy. If such legislation can, then all history belies itself, for history bears testimony that no such measure as is proposed in this bill ever was successful in accomplish- ing such an object. It did not in the case of the Huguenots; it did not in the case of the Puritans; it has not in any case, and it never will, never, while the earth stands and human nature possesses its present features, unless, indeed, you stamp a religion out by destroy- ing all its believers. What is now Utah Territory when first settled was a country that nobody desired. When my constituents went there it was supposed they would either fall victims to the Indians or starve to death. But after struggling for years they succeeded in transforming it from a desert to a place of beauty. But this was only done by immense sacrifice and toil. Some of the settlements of Utah Territory have had their entire crops swept off five years in succession by grass- hoppers. In 1855 the crops of the entire Territory were destroyed by those insects. I do not think I overstate the case when I say, re- mote as Utah then was from all help, that of any other community similarly situated hundreds would have starved to death and their settlements would have been abandoned. It was the religious senti- ment, prompting them to divide with each other to the last mouth- ful, that saved them. Mr. Speaker, there was no talk then about enacting laws for the Territory of Utah. No; the Mormons could struggle on and perish if they chose, and these zealous patriots who now profess such inter- est for Utah cared nothing about her. It is only since mines have been discovered, and city property become valuable, and railroads have been constructed—it is only since it was found that the Mormons had valuable possessions that this interest is taken by the present crusaders against Utah. You remember, sir, that four years ago it was said that unless Congress interposed there would be bloodshed in that Territory. An effort was made to convince Congress that unless legislation was enacted for Utah bloodshed would be inevi- table. Four years have passed, and that Territory to-day is as peace- ful as it was at that time. But it is said that the courts are locked up and cannot execute the laws because of the difficulty of obtaining jurors. Sir, that is no more the case now than it has been for a score of years. Under the present laws of Utah courts have been held and cases tried for a long succes- sion of years. And were it not for the obstinacy of the judge of the third judicial district there would be no dead-lock there at the present time. In the other districts of Utah courts have been held and jurors have been summoned. But it has been published in a daily paper of large circulation in Salt Lake City, the editors of which are responsi- ble men, that the judge of the third district had said in substance “he would carry his point with Congress if he ruined the entire legal business of the Territory.” The question as to which is the rightful officer of the courts under the laws of the Territory—the United States district attorney or the attorney-general of the Territory—has been submitted to the United States Supreme Court, and the decision has been in favor of the officer created by territorial statute. The case of the United States Marshal ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33A_F6_I5_p009.jpg) 26e 1874. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD. 25 vs. The Territorial Marshal is an analogous one. In two instances the Supreme Court of the United States have sustained the local author- ities of the Territory in cases which have been carried up from this court which now complains of being locked up. The United States Supreme Court has sustained the laws of the Territory. This does not look as though the people of the Territory were usurping authority or giving their officers power not guaranteed by law and usage. In- stead of a usurpation of power on the part of the Legislative Assem- bly of Utah, or on the part of an officer created by their act and against the United States officer, as stated by the gentleman from Vermont, the contrary has been the case—the usurpation has been on the part of the Federal officer, and the United States Supreme Court has so decided. In one of the decisions made upon a case of importance—Clinton against Englebrecht—appealed from the district court to the United States Supreme Court, Chief Justice Chase said: The theory upon which the various governments for portions of the territory of the United States have been organized has ever been that of leaving to the inhab- itants all the powers of self-government consistent with the supremacy and super- vision of national authority, and with certain fundamental principles established by Congress. As early as 1784 an ordinance was adopted by the Congress of the Confederation providing for the division of all the territory ceded or to be ceded into States, with boundaries ascertained by the ordinance. These States were sev- erally authorized to adopt for their temporary government the constitution and laws of any one of the States, and provision was made for their ultimate admission by Delegates into the Congress of the United States. We thus find the first plan for the establishment of governments in the Territories authorized the adoption of State governments from the start, and committed all matters of internal legislation to the discretion of the inhabitants, unrestricted otherwise than by the State con- stitution originally adopted by them. That was the language used by the Chief Justice in rendering this decision, which reversed the proceedings of the judge of the third judicial district in the Territory of Utah. Associate Justice Bradley, in another decision recently given, also sustains the territorial laws, and the election of an attorney-general for the Territory by the Legislative Assembly of the Territory. Those two decisions I consider exceedingly important as showing the character of the proceedings in Utah. They show that the people themselves have maintained the law, have been intrenched within the law, have not sought to tran- scend the law, but have acted in accordance with the organic act of the Territory and the laws passed by the Legislative Assembly of the Territory, and submitted to you for your approval at the time. I find that I must hurry on. In the short time allowed me I find it impossible to make explanations which should be made to give a correct idea of affairs in the Territory. In the third section of this bill I find this provision: And whenever, in any proceeding for divorce, or in any civil cause, or in any criminal prosecution, it is necessary to prove the existence of the marriage relation between two persons, it shall not be necessary to prove the same by the production of any record or certificate of the marriage, but evidence of cohabitation between the parties as husband and wife and the acts, conduct, declarations, and admissions of the parties shall be admissible, and the marriage may be established like any question of fact. In this connection I call attention to the decision of the United States Supreme Court in the case of Cummings vs. The State of Mis- souri. It will be found in 4 Wallace, and I will read an extract from pages 325 and 326: By an ex post facto law is meant one which imposes a punishment for an act which was not punishable at the time it was committed, or imposes additional pun- ishment to that then prescribed, or changes the rules of evidence, by which less or different testimony is sufficient to convict than was then required. This bill proposes to change the rule of evidence, and I submit it comes in conflict with this decision of the Supreme Court in the case I have cited. Sir, I know the prejudices which exist on this Mormon question. I know that many men are ready to do anything that may have the effect to destroy what is called Mormonism. I implore members to reflect and not act hastily upon this bill. Such legislation will not destroy that system. Its believers have suffered themselves to be driven from their homes time and time again for their religion. They cannot be convinced by the bayonet; they cannot be convinced by violence; they cannot be convinced by any such means. Hostile legis- lation will not have that effect. If the Mormons are in error, reason is the argument to which appeal must be made. At the present time and ever since Utah has been settled her people have opened their places of worship to men of every denom- ination to enter and preach. Sir, as you know, a distinguished divine of this city went to Utah and held a controversy before the largest congregation that could probably be convened in the United States on the question of polygamy, and so it ever has been with them. Whenever a reputable minister of any denomination or creed has gone to Utah, he has had an opportunity of speaking in the halls of the Latter Day Saints. There has been no exclusiveness, no dis- position to close their doors against reason. As I have already said, day-schools and Sunday-schools are established there by religious sects opposed to the Mormons, and if this system can be put down it will be by reason and not by compulsion and violence. [Here the hammer fell.] Mr. POLAND. I desire to make a verbal correction in the sixth section of the bill. Mr. CROCKER. I ask the gentleman to yield to me for a moment. Mr. POLAND. Not at present. I wish to have this correction made. In the sixth section of the bill, after the words "take acknowl- 4 edgments of bail," are the words "and so forth." Those words are quite unmeaning, and I ask that they be stricken out of the section. No objection was made, and it was so ordered. Mr. POLAND. I now yield to the gentleman from Illinois, [Mr. WARD,] my colleague on the Committee on the Judiciary, for fifteen minutes. Mr. WARD, of Illinois. I yield three minutes of my time to the gentleman from Pennsylvania, [Mr. CESSNA.] Mr. CESSNA. The very brief space of time allotted me renders it wholly impossible for me to attempt to discuss the merits of the bill. I desire to say a few words, and a very few, in regard to the pending amendment. And first, I am opposed to the amendment offered by the gentleman from Wisconsin, [Mr. BARBER,] because whatever may have been the intention of the gentleman, the effect of his amendment will be in the interest of that spirit which I think needs to be curbed by the opera- tion of this bill. The Territory is very large, and the district attor- ney cannot perform his duty without two, three, or more assistants. And if his salary is to be limited to $3,500 per annum, it will evidently cripple and render his efforts almost useless in the enforcement of laws in the Territory. But now in regard to the amendment which I have myself offered. The principle set forth in the bill in regard to the jurors’ clause, as contained in the fourth section reported by the committee, makes, in my opinion, an unjust discrimination in favor of the Mormons of the Territory. It violates all rules of practice in every State and Terri- tory in the United States; because everywhere else we intrust to the officers of the United States court the duty of selecting jurors for that court. In this instance the bill of the committee discriminates against the officers of the United States court, and drags in an officer of the Territory, so as to allow him to select 50 per cent, of the jurors who are to serve in the United States courts. In my judgment that is an unfair and partial and unjust discrimination. In all the other States and Territories of this Union we intrust to the United States ofiicers the performance of that duty, and I see no good reason why that duty should not be enforced in this case. Mr. BARBER. The gentleman is mistaken in regard to the Terri- tory, as I can— Mr. CESSNA. I would be very glad to allow the gentleman to interrupt me; but, in the interest of fairness and liberality, the other side has been allowed nearly all the time for the discussion of this bill, and it is utterly impossible for me to allow the gentleman any part of my three minutes to discuss that question. I am opposed to this discrimination in favor of the Mormons of that Territory as provided for in the fourth section of the bill. I insist that the same rule which prevails in the other States and Territories should be enforced in Utah; and in any event we ought to be able to trust the United States officers in the selection of jurymen. As I said in the outset, I have not time to discuss the principles of this bill; but there are reasons which I could give why this discrimina- tion ought not to be made. I do not believe the Mormons of that Territory are so much better than the people in other Territories or States of this Union that this discrimination ought to be made in their favor. I believe it will not be denied—it was not denied before the committee—that they indulge in the practice of bigamy and polygamy, and that they defy the laws of the United States against these crimes. There is scarcely a penitentiary now anywhere in the United States where some poor wretch does not fill a cell, having been sent there for the practice of bigamy or some crime of that character. I am against any unjust discrimination in favor of the people of Utah. If bigamy or polygamy is a good thing for them it ought to be equally good for us everywhere throughout the Union. Then, again, it is not denied that they have an obligation to the church, to the hierarchy; that their first and supreme allegiance is to that church and to that hierarchy; and that the doctrines and commands laid down by their hierarchy are regarded as entitled to override and subvert any contrary opinion, or belief, or practice, and are esteemed of superior authority to any law of the United States or any other law. If I had time I could show from the official records on file in this House that they entertain these views, that they practice these crimes, that they defy the Government of the United States, and in pursuance of their de- fiance these Mormons when selected to go upon a jury will not serve in order that there may be no jury and no court, so that the question may not be decided whether the law of the United States against polygamy is constitutional or not. It was argued before our commit- tee that it had never been decided by the Supreme Court of the United States that the law against bigamy and polygamy in Utah was constitutional or otherwise, and that until it should be decided by the Supreme Court of the United States that that law was consti- tutional they would not obey it, because the law of their church was higher, and their first obedience was to that law, not to the law of the Government under which they live. Now, Mr. Speaker, if I should go further into the principles of this question, my time would be more than consumed. Thanking my colleague on the committee, the gentleman from Illinois, [Mr. WARD,] for his courtesy in allowing me even three minutes to explain the dif- ference between my amendment and the provision of the bill in regard to juries, I surrender the floor. Mr. WARD, of Illinois. Mr. Speaker, in the somewhat extended discussion that has taken place upon this bill I have been led to think ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33A_F6_I5_p010.jpg) CONGRESSIONAL RECORD. JUNE 3, that perhaps false impressions were gaining ground with reference to what the bill is. I desire to call the attention of the House to it for one moment, and to point out, if need be, the fact that so far from this bill being an oppression of this peculiar people with a peculiar religion, worshiping a peculiar god, it is more liberal toward them than is the law in relation to the selection of jurors in many of the other Territories and in almost all the States. It is true, Mr. Speaker, that when this people, who had been isolated among the vast wildernesses of Utah, were reached by the tide of emigration and civilization sweeping across the continent, and which I hope shall continue to sweep against any form of despotism, any form of religion or faith that attempts to set itself against it—when that people was reached by this tide, of course a conflict sprang up. While those people were there by themselves they needed no legisla- tion by Congress, as their representative has said. When our people went out there, as they have gone in great numbers, legislation be- came necessary. The people who have gone out from among us are developing the resources of that country and are building up there a civilization which we here believe to be better than that of the Mor- mons, notwithstanding the argument which has been made by the Delegate from Utah in relation to their peculiar faith. The popu- lation in that Territory is to-day mixed. About ninety thousand of the one hundred and fifteen to one hundred and twenty thousand people of that Territory are followers of the "prophet" and this new religion, worshipers of this to me "unknown god;" for the god that sacrifices women to the lusts of men under the form of a plurality of wives is a god that I do not worship. I belong to no particular faith; I espouse no particular form of religion; I would not in any way im- pose unnecessary or improper burdens on that people or any other; but when they stand up in the light of this age and tell me that their religion is better than mine, that their faith is better than mine, that their civilization is better than mine, that their institutions are entitled to protection beyond what our institutions are entitled to, I say "Hands off; I will not oppress you, but there must be fair play." What are the provisions of this bill? Look at the section which provides for drawing juries. I ask any fair-minded man whether he can object to it, except for the reason given by my colleague on the committee, the gentleman from Pennsylvania, [Mr. CESSNA,] that it contains a degree of sickly sentimentality, a silly dread of touching this peculiar institution represented upon this floor by the gentleman from Utah, rather than an outspoken, honest disapproval of the prac- tices of his church, with a provision for forming juries according to the rules now existing and in force in almost every State and Terri- tory throughout this broad land? What does it provide? So far from there being any packing of juries against Mormons, it is a fact—and I should object to it myself for that reason if I objected to it at all—it is the fact that it is al- most a packing of juries against ourselves. When I say "ourselves," I mean those who do not believe in blood atonement; I mean those who do not believe in the order of Enoch; I mean those who do not believe in this Latter-Day nonsense, as I see fit to call it; I mean those who do not believe in the sacrifice of one-half of creation to the lusts and enormities of the other half. I do not believe in these things myself, Mr. Speaker. I fully accord freedom to worship God and freedom of religious belief; but I remember in history the enormous crimes which have been perpetrated in the name of religion. It was in the name of religion and it is in the name of religion that the widow mounts the funeral pyre in India. It is in the name of religion that helpless infants are sacrificed in the waters of the Ganges. It was in the name of religion that thousands of human beings were sacrificed to the Aztec gods upon the bloody altars of Mexico. It is in the name of religion to-day, all over the world that bloody, misera- ble, wicked things are being done. It is in the name of religion these men come up here now and defend institutions which appal every honest-minded, pure man in all our land. I do not speak to this Delegate from Utah as a religionist; I speak to you, sir, as a citizen of the same great country, protected by the same laws I am. I want not your property; I want not your rights; I do not want your wives, and I will not have your institutions; and I insist those who believe as I do shall have fair play in the bright land you have seen fit to curse with a system, called religion, unworthy the darkest days since the Son of God trod the earth. What does this bill do? It does simply this and nothing more: It provides that every probate judge in the Territory of Utah—although every probate judge there is a Mormon bishop—that each one of them shall be appointed as one of the two men who shall draw those who are to be put into the jury-box; that each judge in his own county shall be one of two commissioners to select the list from which jurors are to be drawn. Now, gentlemen, away with your sentimentality, your fearful dread of imposing something unusual upon these Mormons. Look at it! I ask gentlemen round about me who are afraid of some infraction of the rights of freemen, of the right of trial by jury, of some right and some privilege of American citizenship, to look and see if we do not give these Mormons every right they can justly claim? But must they draw the juries and run the courts and do all this business in their own way? That practically is the issue presented to you. I wish that they like their neighbors shall follow the ways of civiliza- tion. I do not want you to oppress them, and this bill does not do it. I do not want to wrong them, and you do not by this law. I insist [right column] those who believe as I do—especially when I remember there are written in the laws of the country strong statutes against the crime of polygamy, especially when I remember the practices of those whom this Delegate represents here are such as to shock almost everybody throughout this civilized land—I insist my people, our people, the Gentiles of Utah, shall have their rights also, and be permitted to be heard in the formation of juries and in the administration of the laws. Now, Mr. Speaker, in the few moments we have to discuss a ques- tion of this kind, with such an uneasy audience as one usually ad- dresses here, it is mighty hard to say anything when there is so much to say. I take it I have made one point at least understood by gen- tlemen here. I trust I have. I might go further, (and I must go a little further,) and say if I were to go outside of what actually appears in the record here I might tell of the enormities of the wicked practices, the murders, the outrages committed in Utah, which would startle everybody. But let me come back to what this law does. What are we doing to these people? We provide in trials by jury the manner in which the jurors shall be drawn. What next? That the courts of the United States shall have their proper jurisdiction, and that the terri- torial Legislature shall not in the name of the Mormon god be able to cheat the courts of the United States of the jurisdiction which they ought to exercise there and everywhere else. What other thing do we do? We provide that it shall be just cause for challenge of a juror in a trial for bigamy or polygamy if the juror believes in or practices polygamy. Do you allow a man anywhere in your courts to sit as a juror in a trial for robbery who believes in or practices robbery? Do you allow a man to sit as a juror in a case of murder who believes in or practices murder? Do you allow a man to sit as a juror in a trial for any crime who believes in or commits that crime? Would you allow a man to sit as a juror on the trial of another man charged with crimes which the juror practices? Sir, such a thing has not been heard of until, with unblushing effrontery, this representative of a deluded people, who worship a strange god, stands up in the American Congress and demands that it shall be allowed. Mr. Speaker, this is carrying the thing too far, and we ought to forbid it, and can forbid it without any infraction of the rights of American citizens. I have said almost all I desire to say, and there are but one or two other matters to which I desire to call the attention of the House. We do not abolish the sheriffs; we do not abolish the county courts; we leave the people of the Territory free to regulate their own insti- tutions in all local and municipal matters. We do not propose to interfere with them in any way. The United States Government has dealt with these Mormons with the utmost leniency and indulgence. We find a man here to-day representing these people who has com- mitted the outrage of violating the law of the land upon the subject of marriage, who is the husband of more than one wife. It seems to be expected by this high priest of the Mormon Church that you should recognize the right of his people to commit this crime in the name of religion. Sir, when it comes to the doctrine of blood atone- ment and human sacrifice, I will not for one tolerate such practices in the name of religion. These people may believe what they please, and I will believe what I please; but I insist that their practices shall be consistent with law and civilization. This bill in no measure or in any particular impairs the rights of this peculiar people. Reference has been made to the fact that the United States district attorney for the district of Utah has been about here. Why, sir, we have had a high priest of the Mormon Church here on the floor of this House during the whole session, doing all that he can, early and late, to establish the doctrine of and gain recognition for his Church. What of it? The only question we need to decide is, is this bill just and right? I believe it to be so, and shall vote for it. Mr. POLAND. Mr. Speaker, the gentleman from Nebraska [Mr. CROUNSE] was pleased to refer to me as having been a leader in ref- erence to legislation in regard to Utah. Sir, until this session of Con- gress I have never introduced any bill upon the subject, nor have I taken any part whatever in any legislation or any proceeding before Congress in reference to that Territory. It was my fortune two years ago to be called to Utah upon a professional journey and to spend two or three weeks in that Territory. During that time I made the ac- quaintance of a considerable number of the members of the bar of that Territory, as I went there to attend to a lawsuit. I suppose that it is in consequence of the acquaintance that I made with those gentle- men that they appealed to me in reference to this matter. Four years ago a bill in reference to the affairs in Utah passed this House, I think by a vote of four to one, and I should like to have every gentleman in this House examine that bill and compare it with this, which I agree has been to a considerable extent prepared by me, was introduced by me, and the passage of which is now urged by me. That bill which passed the House four years ago provided, among other things, that in all prosecutions for polygamy the wife should be a witness against the husband; it provided that cohabitation should be prima facie evi- dence to establish marriage in any prosecution under the law against polygamy; it provided in another section that no statute of limita- tion should apply to that offense; it provided in another section that no alien who practiced polygamy should be naturalized; it provided that no polygamist should hold any office or be permitted to vote; it provided in another section that no polygamist should receive any ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33A_F6_I5_p011.jpg) 1874. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD. benefit under the homestead and pre-emption laws. Another section provided that the probate judge, the sheriff, the justices, and the judges of election should be appointed by the governor of the Terri- tory and should be removable by him; another section provided that in any prosecution for polygamy where the defendant absented him- self from the Territory his property might be confiscated; and it wound up with a section providing that the President of the United States should enforce the provisions of the bill by the use of the Army. When you come to compare the provisions of that bill with the bill which has been reported from the Committee on the Judiciary at this session and which is now before the House, it will hardly be claimed that I should be entitled to the paternity of both. I have no special hostility against this peculiar people, the Mormons. But the fact is undeniable that these people are as directly hostile to the Govern- ment of the United States as was ever any portion of this country when it was in the very darkest hour of the rebellion. Why, sir, twelve years ago the Congress of the United States passed a bill pro- viding that in all the Territories of the United States polygamy should be a crime, and that law stands unrepealed upon your statute-book to- day. Does the Delegate from that Territory who sits upon this floor pretend that that law has in any manner been obeyed? Does he not know that it has been openly and unblushingly disobeyed? Mr. CANNON, of Utah. As the gentleman asks me a question-- Mr. POLAND. I desire to have the gentleman say "yes" or "no." Mr. CANNON, of Utah. It is true that law has been on the statute- book since 1862; but it is a United States law. There have been United States judges, United States marshals, and a United States district attorney in the Territory of Utah ever since its passage. If the law has not been enforced, the people of Utah are not to blame for it. Mr. POLAND. The gentleman does not answer my inquiry at all. Everybody knows that that law has been unblushingly disobeyed, that the people there have never pretended to obey it, and that they have openly and avowedly disobeyed it. And the gentleman says that nobody has been prosecuted. Why not? For the very want of such a bill as we propose now to pass. It was because their territorial laws were such that no man but a polygamist or one who believed in polygamy was ever allowed to enter the jury-box. Every United States officer in that Territory understood well that if he undertook under this law of Congress to try anybody for polygamy, he had to stand up before twelve unblushing, undeniable polygamists. That is the reason why the law of Congress has not been obeyed. Mr. CANNON, of Utah. If there had been an attempt to enforce the law and the juries had found in favor of polygamy, then the argu- ment of the gentleman might have some force. Mr. POLAND. I cannot be interrupted further in the short time I have left. The question now comes before Congress, will we open the courts, will we provide the machinery by which our own laws can be enforced? Shall we longer suffer the disgrace of having upon our statute-books a law of Congress, that has been there for twelve years, openly and avowedly disobeyed by those people? We must either repeal that law, or else we must provide some kind of legal machinery by which the law can be enforced. And that is all this bill does. The Delegate from Utah said that this bill was to open a way by which their property should be taken away from them and by which their Territory might be plunged in debt. Now, if any gentleman will take the trouble to look at this bill he will find that there is nothing whatever of that kind in it. It merely provides that any territorial marshal or district attorney or judge that we send there shall have the same power and jurisdiction which similar officers have in all the other Territories of the United States, and that a form of legislature embodied by Brigham Young and his twelve apostles shall not be allowed to duplicate all the officers and dissipate their juris- diction and make them mere figure-heads to stand up there in Utah and be laughed at and insulted by that people. I say this bill is remarkable for its moderation, considering the course that people have taken and the manner in which they have defied the authority of the United States in its law and its officers. The bill is remarkable for its moderation toward this people. We simply provide for the protection and guarantee of the authority of our own officers in the Territory. We leave the people of the Terri- tory to make their own judges of probate; and if they have any fear that anybody who is not a Mormon will not be prosecuted, we pro- vide that they may elect a prosecuting attorney in every county who may prosecute any man under any law of the Territory, and that this local attorney may be associated with the district attorney of the United States in the prosecution of any such case in the district court. And we provide that the sheriff of ever county, who is a local officer, elected by the Mormon Legislature or by the people, may be author- ized to serve within his own county any kind of process returnable to the district or any other court, or that a Gentile officer may be sent there to serve the process. In reference to these probate courts, we have provided that they shall have the same jurisdiction that probate courts have everywhere all over the States in the settlement of estates and matters of that sort; but that they shall not try cases of murder in the probate courts, as they do in Utah Territory. [Here the hammer fell.] The SPEAKER. The first question is upon the amendment offered by the gentleman from Pennsylvania, [Mr. Cessna,] being a substi- tute for the fourth section of the bill reported from the Committee on the Judiciary. [right column] Mr. CROUNSE. I would like the gentleman, if it meets the con- sent of the House, to allow me to offer an amendment in the nature of a substitute, providing for all this class of cases and obviating the objections which I have urged. Mr. POLAND. I cannot yield for further amendments. The SPEAKER. The first question is on the amendment offered by the gentleman from Pennsylvania, [Mr. Cessna,] a member of the Judiciary Committee. Mr. POTTER. That amendment, as I understand, is not an amend- ment of the committee. Mr. POLAND. No, sir; the amendment of the gentleman from Pennsylvania is the original fourth section of the bill, the majority of the committee having changed that section of the bill to its present form. Mr. CESSNA. The only difference between the section of the com- mittee's bill and my substitute is that the substitute strikes out "the probate judge" and inserts "the United States judge," and it gives the power to select jurors to the officers of the United States court; while the bill of the committee gives the selection of half the jurors to the United States court and half to the probate court. That is the only difference. The question being taken on the amendment of Mr. Cessna, the Speaker declared that the "noes" appeared to prevail. Mr. CESSNA. I call for the yeas and nays. The yeas and nays were not ordered. So the amendment was not agreed to. The question next recurred on the amendment offered by Mr. Bar- ber, to add to the last section the words "but the district attorney shall not by fees and salary together receive more than $3,500 per year; and all fees or moneys received by him above said amount shall be paid into the Treasury of the United States." The amendment was agreed to; there being ayes 63, noes not counted. The bill, as amended, was ordered to be engrossed and read a third time; and being engrossed, it was accordingly read the third time. The question being on the passage of the bill, Mr. ELDREDGE called for the yeas and nays. The yeas and nays were ordered. The question was taken; and there were—yeas 159, nays 55, not vot- ing 75; as follows: YEAS—Messrs. Albright, Ashe, Barnum, Barrere, Barry, Biery, Bradley, Buf- finton, Bundy, Burchard, Burleigh, Burrows, Roderick R. Butler, Cain, Cannon, Cason, Cessna, Amos Clark, jr., Freeman Clarke, Clements, Stephen A. Cobb, Coburn, Comingo, Conger, Corwin, Cotton, Crocker, Crutchfield, Danford, Dawes, Dobbins, Donnan, Duell, Dunnell, Eames, Field, Fort, Glover, Gooch, Gunckel, Hagans, Eugene Hale, Harmer, Benjamin W. Harris, John T. Harris, Harrison, Hatcher, Havens, John B. Hawley, Joseph R. Hawley, Gerry W. Hazelton, John W. Hazelton, Hendee, E. Rockwood Hoar, Hodges, Hoskins, Houghton, Howe, Hunter, Hunton, Hurlbut, Hyde, Kasson, Kelley, Kellogg, Kendall, Knapp, Lan- sing, Lawrence, Lawson, Lewis, Loughridge, Lowe, Lowndes, Luttrell, Lynch, Mar- tin, Maynard, McCrary, Alexander S. McDill, James W. McDill, MacDougall, Mc- Kee, McLean, McNulta, Merriam, Mitchell, Monroe, Moore, Myers, Neal, Niles, Nunn, O'Neill, Orr, Orth, Packard, Packer, Page, Isaac C. Parker, Pendleton, Perry, Phillips, Pierce, Pike, Thomas C. Platt, Poland, Pratt, Rainey, Ransier, Rapier, Ray, Rice, Richmond, Robbins, Ellis H. Roberts, James W. Robinson, Rusk, Sawyer, Henry B. Sayler, Henry J. Scudder, Isaac W. Scudder, Sessions, Shanks, Sheldon, Lazarus D. Shoemaker, Small, A. Herr Smith, H. Boardman Smith, John Q. Smith, Sprague, Starkweather, St. John, Storm, Strait, Strawbridge, Taylor, Charles R. Thomas, Thornburgh, Todd, Townsend, Tremain, Vance, Waldron, Wallace, Walls, Jasper D. Ward, Wheeler, White, Whitehead, Whitehouse, Charles W. Willard, George Willard, Charles G. Williams, John M. S. Williams, William Williams, James Wilson, Wolfe, and Woodworth—159. NAYS—Messrs. Adams, Arthur, Atkins, Barber, Beck, Bell, Berry, Bland, Blount, Bowen, Bright, Bromberg, Brown, Buckner, Caldwell, John B. Clark, jr., Clymer, Cook, Cox, Crittenden, Crounse, De Witt, Durham, Eden, Eldredge, Gid- dings, Hancock, Henry R. Harris, Hereford, Herndon, Holman, Lamar, Lamison, Leach, Magee, Marshall, Milliken, Mills, Niblack, Potter, Randall, Milton Sayler, Sheats, Sloss, J. Ambler Smith, Southard, Speer, Standiford, Stone, Christopher Y. Thomas, Wells, Whitthorne, Willie, Ephraim K. Wilson, and John D. Young—55. NOT VOTING—Messrs. Albert, Archer, Averill, Banning, Bass, Begole, Ben- jamin F. Butler, Clayton, Clinton L. Cobb, Creamer, Crooke, Crossland, Curtis, Darrall, Davis, Elliott, Farwell, Foster, Freeman, Frye, Garfield, Robert S. Hale, Hamilton, Hathorn, Hays, Hersey, George F. Hoar, Hooper, Hubbell, Hynes, Jewett, Killinger, Lamport, Lofland, McJunkin, Morey, Morrison, Negley, Nesmith, O'Brien, Hosea W. Parker, Parsons, Pelham, Phelps, James H. Platt, jr., Purman, Read, William R. Roberts, James C. Robinson, Ross, John G. Schumaker, Scofield, Sener, Sherwood, Sloan, Smart, George L. Smith, William A. Smith, Snyder, Stanard, Stephens, Stowell, Swann, Sypher, Tyner, Waddell, Marcus L. Ward, Whiteley, Wilber, William B. Williams, Wilshire, Jeremiah M. Wilson, Wood, Woodford, and Pierce M. B. Young—75. So the bill was passed. During the roll-call the following announcements were made: Mr. READ. On this question I am paired with the gentleman from New York, Mr. Schumaker, who if here would vote "ay," while I should vote "no." Mr. POTTER. In reference to the vote on this bill and also various votes yesterday, I wish to announce that my colleague, Mr. W. R. Roberts, is confined to his bed by sickness; and my colleague, Mr. Wood, is detained at home by sickness in his family. The result of the vote was announced as above stated. Mr. POLAND moved to reconsider the vote by which the bill was passed; and also moved that the motion to reconsider be laid on the table. The latter motion was agreed to. ORDER OF BUSINESS. The SPEAKER. Under the direction of the House the remainder of this day's session is assigned to business of the Committee on Public Buildings and Grounds. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33A_F6_I5_p012.jpg) CONGRESSIONAL RECORD. June 3, Mr. PLATT, of Virginia. I yield for a moment to the gentleman from Missouri, [Mr. WELLS.] GEORGE S. SHRYOCK. Mr. WELLS. I ask unanimous consent to introduce and have passed now a bill to remove the political disabilities of George S. Shryock, of Saint Louis, in the State of Missouri. Mr. E. R. HOAR. I object. LEAVE TO PRINT. Mr. WHITTHORNE, by unanimous consent, obtained leave to have printed, as part of the debates, remarks on the tariff bill passed yester- day. CHANGE OF NAME OF A STEAMER. Mr. CONGER. I ask unanimous consent to report from the Com- mittee on Commerce and have passed now a bill (S. No. 369) to change the name of the registered steamer Oakes Ames to Champlain. Mr. MAYNARD. Is it proposed to take up the bill by unanimous consent? The SPEAKER. It is. Mr. MAYNARD. Unless some good reason can be given for the passage of the bill, it is one to which I can never consent. Mr. CONGER. The steamer Oakes Ames was built for transporting railroad cars across Lake Champlain ; she is a stout, well-built boat. When Mr. Ames was connected with the road it was named after him. By a change in the road it is no longer needed for that pur- pose. It has been taken by the Champlain Company as one of their boats on that lake. It has been transferred into a passenger-boat. They desire it shall have the name of one of their line-boats to take the place of one worn out. The family of Oakes Ames say that being no longer connected with any business with which he was engaged, there is no objection on their part to the change of name. Mr. MAYNARD. I have this to say. I conceive the family of Mr. Oakes Ames might be embarrassed by an application of this kind. If the declaration is authoritatively made by any member of the com- mittee, and is allowed to go upon the record that this change is not intended as a personal reflection upon the memory of the gentleman who was associated with us in the House for so many years, I will not object to it. Mr. CONGER. I say publicly here at this time that I hold in my hand a letter from the representatives of Oakes Ames that there is on their part no possible objection to it, and they request it may be done. Mr. MAYNARD. It is not very much, if the fact be as I have stated it, for some member of the committee to say it here in the House. I will withdraw my objection, however, if it be stated that this is not intended as a reflection upon the memory of Mr. Ames. Mr. CONGER. I say that positively, and I also say that I have here a letter from the representatives of Mr. Ames requesting that this be done. Mr. MAYNARD. I withdraw my objection. Mr. POTTER. I object, because this is absolutely without reason, being in violation of the action of the House which has been against changing the names of these registered vessels. It has always been considered to be in the interest of public policy these names should not be changed. I therefore object. SUSPENSION OF WORK UPON PUBLIC BUILDINGS. Mr. PLATT, of Virginia, from the Committee on Public Buildings and Grounds, reported back a bill (H. R. No. 2653) to authorize the Secretary of the Treasury to suspend work upon the public buildings, with the recommendation that it do pass. The bill, which was read, provides that the Secretary of the Treas- ury be, and he is thereby, authorized and directed to defer operations on any public buildings that are authorized by existing laws but not actually commenced, or to proceed with the same, as may in his opin- ion be for the best interests of the public service ; provided that all moneys heretofore appropriated for the construction of public build- ings and now remaining to the credit of the same on the books of the Treasury Department, or which may hereafter be appropriated for such buildings, shall remain available until the completion of the work for which they are or may be appropriated; and upon the final completion of each or any of said buildings, and the payment of all outstanding liabilities therefor, the balance or balances remaining shall be immediately covered into the Treasury. Mr. RANDALL. I should like to have some explanation of that bill. Mr. McCRARY. I ask the gentleman from Virginia to yield to me to offer an amendment. Mr. PLATT, of Virginia. I will yield to hear the amendment read. Mr. McCRARY. I think there will be no objection to it. I move it as an additional section. The Clerk read as follows: SEC. 2. In the selection of a site for any public building not yet commenced, ref- erence shall be had to the interest and convenience of the public, as well as to the best interests of the Government; and the Secretary of the Treasury shall have power, and it shall be his duty, to set aside any selection which, in his opinion, has not been made solely with reference thereto. No expenditure shall be made upon any building, a site for which has been selected and work upon which has not commenced, until such of the persons who acted as commissioners in selecting such site shall make and file with the Secretary of the Treasury an oath or affirmation that he is not at the time of making the affidavit, and was not at the date of making the selection of such site, directly or indirectly interested in the property selected for the same; and a similar affidavit shall be made and filed by each and every person hereafter appointed as such commissioner, before any site shall be finally adopted. In either case a failure on the part of any com- missioner to make and file such an affidavit shall render the selection void. Mr. PLATT, of Virginia. I see no objection to that amendment and am willing that it shall be adopted. The amendment was agreed to. The bill, as amended, was ordered to be engrossed and read a third time; and being engrossed, it was accordingly read the third time, and passed. Mr. PLATT, of Virginia, moved to reconsider the vote by which the bill was passed; and also moved that the motion to reconsider be laid on the table. The latter motion was agreed to. NEW STATE DEPARTMENT. Mr. PLATT, of Virginia, from the Committee on Public Buildings and Grounds, reported back a preamble and resolution in reference to the new State Department, and moved that the committee be dis- charged from the further consideration thereof, and that the accom- panying report be printed. The Clerk read the preamble and resolution, as follows: Whereas $3,400,000 has already been appropriated by Congress for the new State Department now in course of construction in this city under the direction of the Supervising Architect of the Treasury ; and whereas said Supervising Architect now asks Congress to appropriate $1,500,000 more, although the south-wing wall, or one-sixth of the whole building, is not yet completed; and whereas it is evident that a very large, amount of money is being spent on frivolous or questionable orna- mentation ; and whereas it is the opinion of competent judges that, estimating on the manner in which the work has been carried on, at least twelve years’ time and $30,000,000 will be required to finish the whole building; and whereas it is also the opinion of competent judges that the plan adopted by the Supervising Architect has very serious defects in it, and that the building, if completed on that plan, will not only be a failure but a reproach to our architects: Resolved, therefore, That the Secretary of State be, and is hereby, authorized to appoint a board of three well-known and competent architects not in Govern- ment employ, residents of Philadelphia, New York, and Boston, respectively, whose duty it shall be to examine and report what means are necessary to insure a more economical method of doing the work, and also a plan for improving the external appearance and internal arrangements of the building. Mr. PLATT, of Virginia. I desire to state that the paper just read was the resolution which was referred to our committee. I now ask for the reading of the report of the committee upon the resolution. The Clerk read the report as follows: Your committee finds that the construction of the new State, War, and Navy De- partment was authorized by the act of March 3, 1871, which made it the duty of the Committees of Public Buildings and Grounds of the Senate and House of Rep- resentatives to determine the material of which it should be constructed ; and created the Secretaries of State, War, and Navy a board to procure plans for a building for the accommodation of their respective Departments, and authorized the Secretary of State to construct the building in accordance therewith. Your committee also finds that under this authority the plans of the building now being erected for that purpose were prepared by the Supervising Architect, A. B. Mullett, esq., in accordance with the instructions given him by said commis- sion, and that after a careful and thorough examination they were approved by each member of the board, in accordance with the requirements of the law. They find further that the law required the building to be similar in plan to the Treasury building, and that these requirements of the law have been complied with, the build- ing being substantially the same, and that the building will, in the opinion of your committee, be, when completed, the best arranged and most convenient public build- ing in the United States. It appears, therefore, that so much of the allegations contained in the resolution referred to your committee as states “that the plan adopted has very serious defects in it, and that the building if completed on that plan will not only be a failure but a reproach to our architects,” is not warranted by the facts in the case. Your committee is also of the opinion that the exterior design of the building is good, and that the building will, when completed, be a credit to the Government, an ornament to the city of Washington, and be second in architectural importance and beauty to no building in the United States. Your committee does not therefore agree with the opinions expressed in the resolution, and is satisfied that, so far from the plan being condemned by the lead- ing architects of the United States, it has met very general approval and admira- tion. Your committee is also of the opinion that it would be inexpedient in any event to make any changes in the design, the work being so far advanced that any change in the style of architecture would be impossible, any material change in the design impracticable, and would in all probability result in mutilating rather than im- proving the design. Your committee has also investigated the allegations in regard to the cost of the building and in regard to the time necessary for its completion, and feels compelled to say that the statements contained in said resolution are not warranted by the facts in the case, and that the entire building and approaches can be readily com- pleted within five years should Congress deem it desirable to make the necessary appropriations therefor. Neither is it probable that the cost of the building will exceed, in any event, the sum of $10,362,372, and it is hoped will be completed within the sum of $10,000,000. It will therefore be seen that the statement in the resolution that the building cannot be completed in less than twelve years nor for less than $30,000,000 is entirely unwaranted by the facts in the case. Your committee desires in this connection to call the attention of Congress to the fact that the entire Treasury building contains but 327,800 superficial feet of floor space, of which 28,400 superficial feet are available only for storage purposes; and that the new State, War, and Navy Department building will, when com- pleted, contain 459,200 superficial feet of floor space, every foot of which can be used for office purposes. Your committee also desires to call the attention of Congress to the fact that the south, west, and north wings of the Treasury building, being the entire Treasury extension, contain 5,132,380 cubic feet of space, and cost $5,748,268, although the south wing was erected at a time when the prices of labor and material were but little over one-half their present value, showing the cost per cubic foot to be $1.12. The new State, War, and Navy Department building will contain 9,868,876 cubic feet, which at the highest estimate will be but $1.05 per cubic foot: which shows conclusively that the building will be, when completed, a cheaper one than the Treasury building. The estimated cost of rebuilding the east and center wings of the Treasury Department building, a work that must be undertaken at no distant day, will at present prices amount to $3,670,162, making the total cost of the Treas- ury building when completed $9,418,430, as against $10,362,320, the cost of the new State, War, and Navy Department building, which has, as above stated, a superior capacity of 1,359,566 cubic feet and 131,400 superficial feet of office room. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33A_F6_I6_p001.jpg) Courier Journal. F[---]AY MORNING, JUNE 5, 1874. WASHING[---] GOSSIP, RICK & SON bet Third and Fourth, ILLE, KY CHES of most approved make, both AMERICAN an amond, Coral Pearl, Godl, &c. A beautiful assortmen poses; also other Ornamental and Plain Styles. A larg PLATED TEA AND COFFEE SETS, ICE PITCHER namental pieces in Platedware of first quality. GOL MASONIC JEWELS &c all warranted as represente of the honor bestowed upon General Sickles arose from the fact that he lost a let at Get- tysburg. I suppose that, if New York should see fit to return him to Congress, he would be admitted with[---] an objection, though Elder Cannon has [--]st had to vacate his seat as delegate from Utah, because testi- mony was given which he did not contradict that he was the husband of four wives. I think it was proper to dismiss him, but then they should not shut their eyes about other affairs. THE POLYGAMY PROBLEM. I have just read a book which makes me think that our Government had best let alone the vexed [-]question of polygamy as practiced in Utah. Says the writer, when advocating to a Mormon wife that Congress should forbid any more polygamous marriages, but legalize those that existed and secure their social position, the woman repeated after her: "Secure my social position! How can that satisfy me? I want to be assured of my position in God's estima- tion. If polygamy is the Lord's order, we must carry it out in spite of human laws and persecutions. If our marriages have been sins, Congress is no vicegerent of God; it can not forgive sins nor make what was wrong right. Hard for me if polygamy were abol ished without making some provision for wo men situated as I am! Yes; but how much harder to bring myself to accept such a law as you speak of and admit that all I have sacrificed has not been for God's sake! I should feel as if I were agree- ing to look upon my past life as a—as a worth- less woman's, upon which I had never had His blessing. I'd rather die!" Before reading this little book I looked up- on Mormonism in the abstract, and wondered how our Government could tolerate such an abomination, but I now understand that it must be left alone, for it will only thrive by what would be looked upon as a [---] p[---] cution. The little volume from which I have quoted was written by a lady whose husband, being in delicate health, took her and the boys for a trip to the Pacific coast. Mr. T., the hus- band of the writer, seems to have been an army officer, and to have had some previous acquaintance in Salt Lake City. Brigham Young was about making his annual tour of inspection, and invited the T. party to accom- pany him. Mrs. T. states that the journey was undertaken in the early part of Decem- ber. She kept notes and wrote letters to her father, who is a Mr. Wm. Wood, of New York, banker. Her father thought so highly of her views and statements that he caused them to be published for private circulation, hoping that much good might be effected thereby. She gives very terse but interesting accounts of the different homes she visited, and recites some of the most horrible Indian stories which were told her by her entertain- ers. Provo was the first settlement visited, and the description of the hospitalities enjoyed there makes one long for the same experience. Mormon women appear to be FAMOUS HOUSEKEEPERS. The management of all domestic affairs seems to devolve upon them; and I should think it would take several women, whether wives or hired help, to perform the duties required. But Mrs. T. seems to have seen [-]he very brightest side of this household economy. The women seemed to be happy and content ed, and the households harmonious. In con- trast to the industry, neatness and boun- tifulness of the Mormons, she men- tions coming across a Gentile hab- itation kept by a woman. "Above her house was exalted a pole bearing a can- dle-box lid, on which was painted, 'Old Boor- bun Segars.' Upon the roof lay old boots and shoes, reluctant to be reduced to the rank of fertilizers, but giving token of what was to be seen inside." The windows were so dirty that they did not need curtains, and the woman was as rough and rude as the "Boor- bun" she advertised. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33A_F6_I6_p002.jpg) In another part of the book she mentions the dread of Indians, and a story that was told her about a band coming up one Sunday while the Mormons were in church. One of the braves stripped himself and went DANCING INTO THE CHURCH. He thought by so doing that he would ex- cite the congregation to anger and the mani- festation of it would be his excuse for murder and for his comrades to rush to his assistance, but the Mormons are as wise as serpents and the preacher took no notice of the intruder but went on with his singing and praying. The savage left and the entire party withdrew without molesting the settlers. The writer says that the patience of the Mormon[page ripped] with the Indians surpasses anything w[--] read [-] the Quakers or Moravians. You nev[--] Mormon younkers boast of [---]wes at the savage’s expense; their whol[-] tone is different from ours. They talk, for instance, of the duty of avoid- ing tempting them by traveling alone or un- armed. The Mormon elders will not hear of vengeance on a tribe or band for acts commit- ted by an individual member of it. They think highly of the Indians’ sense of justice, and, unless an outrage committed can be fully traced to some previous offense of a white, for which it is a reprisal, they obstinately at- tribute it to some bad Indian whom his chief would be quite as willing to punish as we would one of our white criminals. Her account of the Steerforth family is intensely interesting, but I must not continue further extracts from the book, which is all good and will well repay perusal. I will, however, mention one interesting family where the hus- band was blind, and his wives worked for his support, as well as that of the children. In addition to household and farm duties,a portion of one room was given up for a telegraph office, one of the wives being the operator. Mrs. T. mentions that it was more tidy and comforta- ble than a man would have kept it, but that women operators had one fault that men were not guilty of. Sometimes a call would be made to the next station without any re- ponse being made, for Mrs.— would go to meeting. This book is called “Twelve Mor- mon Homes Visited in Succession on a Jour- ney Through Utah to Arizona.” FAY. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33A_F6_I7_p001.jpg) Philada. June 8th. 1874. My dear Mrs Kane; I thank you more than you can think for your letter of the 5th and your book that came with it. I read it the first day after its reception with the deepest interest. No other person could have had opportunities so good for observation, and only a woman of culture could have observed and des= =cribed as you have done. You have made a daguer= =reotype that will be looked at many years hence by the descendants of the people described, and the historian as well. What would we not give for such a sketch of the Plymouth or Pennsylvania Colonists a quarter of a century after their first settlements? You cannot possibly foresee how much good you will do by having made that fatiguing journey and written that book; and I honor your father for having taken the responsibility of printing without waiting for your consent. I hope he will sometime do the public the same service in respect to General Kane's manuscripts. He knows that I know he is withholding some of ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33A_F6_I7_p002.jpg) the most interesting chapters of American history; in which he must be the hero; for which reason alone I feel sure we shall not get the whole truth. Yet he owes it to the truth of history not to sacrifice to modesty any thing that truth demands. I repeat that you cannot know the good you may have done. You will remove much prejudice; allay hostility; may even prevent war, and save many lives. I cannot but wish, therefore, that the book were given more fully to the public. I think the Mormons under a great mistake as to polygamy, holding in view the true moral and physical welfare of our race. But to persecute is to rivet their erroneous convictions and to increase their numbers. We hold it wise and humane not to destroy, but to be kind [-]nd to convert the Indians and all heathen. Shall we then persecute or destroy the Mormons, who are devout Christians, and fully believe in all the Bible, and are only too much like David and Solomon, the great favorites of God, in having many wives. This must have already been felt to have its evils, and this will become more manifest by time; and it is the mission of evils ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33A_F6_I7_p003.jpg) to cure themselves; but not under the fires of persecution. And are we to forget the great physical good the Mormons have done for our Country? Through a thousand miles of the "bad lands," they opened our country to the center of the broad Continent; and made a resting place and gave the supplies requisite to reach the Pacific, when the Pacific's shores and the gold regions became ours. The greatness of the far west, in which we now glory, could not have been what it is, if the Mormon enterprise and industry, and terrible endurance, had not been a great means of progress. For this, on sound policy alone, we owe them kindness, nay gratitude. They, naturally speaking, owe us but resentment and hatred; they have done us but good and are most wisely forbearing; and I think intend to live on friendly terms under our government. You shew them to be an orderly and prayerful people. This cannot be without a large advancement in civilization. Such a people cannot become indifferent to religion; to the duties of social kindness; of cleanliness; or stolid or brutal. A Mormon Stage–driver could not purposely ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33A_F6_I7_p004.jpg) drive his hub against that of a weaker carriage and defenceless persons. I am personally obliged to you for the the full confirmation your narrative has given me of the impressions I had received from Genl. K. and Mr Cannon. I am glad of this proof that the people I felt it my duty to serve were so worthy as you describe them. Yet had they been less worthy I should have felt it my duty to endeavor to avert a vast amount of suffering from many thousand persons, who have acted in the sense of duty begotten by their religious belief, and of many more who are only guilty of being born into the world, under circumstances over which they had no control, and the Almighty permitted when He gave them life and immortal souls. I am, with very great respect, Your friend, Eli K. Price Mrs E. W. Kane. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33A_F7_I1_p001.jpg) The Evening Post. New York, Wednesday, June 3, 1874. Advertisements should be handed in early in the forenoon to ensure their proper classification and insertion in all the editions. OUTSIDE READING MATTER. FIRST PAGE—The Lycoming Valley: Ralston and Mount Mclntire; A Visit to a Coal Mine - Foreign Gossip - Gossip from the Summer Resorts—Musical Gossip—The Dirge of the Elephant: Is the Race Dying Out?—The Morning’s News. FOURTH PAGE—Third and Fourth Edition reading matter. THE MORMON QUESTION. The Poland bill, in relation to courts and judicial officers in Utah Territory, deals with a very perplexing problem in civil govern- ment. Regarded in the three aspects of what ought to be done in respect to the social con- dition of the Mormons, what it is policy to do, and what can be done, the judg- ment becomes equally confused. It ap- pears as if Providence intended to test the capacity and strength of popular govern- ment as it exists in the United States in every possible way—adding to the obsolete anomaly of a free people holding slaves, the stranger spectacle of the representatives of a country wherein religious freedom in the broadest sense of the word is maintained, being required to regard as criminal the prac_ tices of a social organization which was created and exists in the name of religion. The theory of equality of property, held, to the manifest destruction of all equality of personal rights, by a class of French political enthusiasts, according to which it is an offence for one man to possess more property than another, is not more amazing than this practical question of an exception to a general principle of govern- ment on the part of the federal legislature, for the purpose of extirpating social relations, the existence of which in the particular com- munity is sought to be justified by another general principle. Abstractly considered, Congress has a per- fect right to make such laws for the territory of Utah as its members think best. The Mor- mons live within the jurisdiction of the United States, and on a part of the national domain which is exclusively under the care and control of Congress. The title to their houses and lands rests either on the home- stead law or on the pre-emption law— both of them acts of Congress. Further than this, Congress passed a law—in 1862, if we remember rightly—against the continu- ance of polygamy—a statute which from that time until the present has been openly con- temned by three-fourths of the inhabitants of the territory. and by at least one-quarter of the inhabitants has been disregarded with equal freedom from disguise in practice. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33A_F7_I1_p002.jpg) It is true that under the leadership of ?Brigham Young the Mormons sought, in going to Salt Lake, to escape from the jurisdiction of the United States—the annexation of the ter- ritory at the close of the Mexican war follow- ing their settlement there. But it is also true that they have neglected later opportunities to move themselves and their illegal social or- ganization out of the United States—notably when in 1858 Captain Walter Gibson pro- posed that they should remove to New Guinea, and when, in subse- quent times the chance has so often been presented to them of finding a new home to the southward on Mexican soil. As a fact, however, they are still under the jurisdiction of the United States, and in a political condi- tion which makes them subject to the laws of Congress; and whether they maintain polygamy conscientiously or not (and we do not believe it is maintained conscientious- ly by a good many of them), there is no ques- tion but that their systematic violation of the law prohibiting that practice tends to bring all law into contempt—an incalculable injury in a country which, like this, is governed by law and not by personal caprice. 28b The question then arises whether the con- scientious Mormon is justified in the exercise of that doctrine known as the “higher law,’’ whereby, in the matter of human slavery, what we thought was right was held to be superior to what was strictly legal. The Poland bill really answers this question in the affirmative, and seeks to adapt the means of enforcing the laws to this state of facts. The existing statute against polygamy has never been enforced because under it Mormons were eligible as jurors, and no Mormon juryman would convict a fellow Mormon for the prac- tice of polygamy. The Poland bill therefore in effect declares that Mormons shall not sit as jurors. It is argued against it, that in a certain sense it will deprive the Mormon community, if passed, and if it can be enforced, of the right of trial by a jury of their peers. Certainly it virtually brings a criminal in- dictment against a whole community, and it modifies in respect to this community one of the cardinal doctrines of the common law. But of late there has been a tendency, both in this country and in Great Britain, to regu- late the constitution of juries in precisely the direction of this bill. In the trial of cases growing out of the sale and use of intoxica- ting liquor, and in those also where the pun- ishment of crime involves the taking of the life of the prisoner, this tendency has been the most apparent. Men drawn as traverse jurors are questioned and are excluded from the jury-box now, almost as a matter of course, when it is discovered that their notions of justice or policy virtually prevent them from finding a verdict in accordance with all the possibilities of the statute. This is a system which the Poland bill carries a step further. Ordinarily the restriction is imposed upon individuals; in this case it is imposed upon four-fifths of a community. The proposed law seeks to im- pregnate the methods of the common law, which are essentially democratic, with the spirit of the civil law, under which the jury- box is unknown and the bench is supreme. If we did not rely upon juries as an essential branch of our criminal administration, the Poland bill would be unnecessary, because Congress would select judges who would en- force its enactments. The attempt is made, therefore, to adapt the forms of the common law to the new exigency. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33A_F7_I1_p003.jpg) It is admitted that the Mormon question is an exceptional one, but is it so exceptional as to justify such exceptional treatment? The question cannot be answered off-hand. The country has been puzzling over it for twenty years. It may aid in answering it, to remem- ber that at the present time life and property are as safe in the Territory of Utah as any- where among the sparsely settled districts of the United States. The building of railroads through the territory, and the consequent additions to the population, have exercised a great and a beneficial influence on the Mor- mons themselves. The intimate business association which necessarily exists between the new comers and the Mormons tends, with a constantly increas- ing power, to weaken the social peculiari- ties of the latter. Cannot this influence, which is natural and safe, and which experi- ence shows to be always effectual at last, be trusted to as the means of abolishing polygamy? Is it not on the whole best to make the safety of life and property the extreme limit of inter- fering with the constitution of juries, even at the risk of the prevalence of polygamy for a few years longer? Will the Poland bill ef- fectually accomplish its object? Or will its effect be only to confound and confuse still more a community already curiously anoma- lous? These are questions which we hope will be less passionately considered by the Senate than they seem to have been by the House of Representatives. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33A_F7_I2_p001.jpg) Forty-third Congress U.S. HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES. Washington, D. C. June 11th, 1874 My dear General: Your favor of the 8th reached me last evening. I was glad to receive it, and its words are grateful and encouraging to me. The Committee on Judiciary has just reported the Poland Bill with the 7th Section, that in relation to the Common Law– sticken out. I cannot thank you sufficiently for the interest you take in this matter and for the suggestions which you make, which I shall try to put in force. I have been painfully conscious of the deficiency in my remarks. There is so much to say that I can think of any num- ber of points which might have been made. I probably could have had more time granted to me; but if I had got it, our opponents would have had more time, and I knew that several ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33A_F7_I2_p002.jpg) were loaded and aching for the opportunity to make an assault upon Utah and her people. Naturally speaking, prospects look dark; but I cannot feel scared or discouraged. God will not desert us. Of that I feel very confident. How it will be I cannot say; but I never felt more calm and serene in my feelings He that opened the Red Sea when the Egyptian troops were behind His peo- ple and the Mountains were on either side, and who rescued Daniel from the rage of the lions and his companions from the fiery furnace, can and will deliver His humble people whose only trust is in Him. It would be very pleasing to me to have your counsel and the benefit of your valu- able experience in getting up a suitable document for circulation, and there is no place where I would more gladly visit for comfort and sym- pathy than your delightful home. With Kind regards to yourself and Mrs. Kane and the family, and desiring the Lord to be with you I am Your Friend, Geo. Q. Cannon ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33A_F7_I3_p001.jpg) 1313 H Street Washington D.C. 11th of June 1874 Very Dear friend On Monday I received a book, "12 Mormon Himes' And a dear little note signed" E. D. Kane," in Exp lan ation of the Authorship and of the publication thereof. If I could fully express My Gratification for this attention you would have your deserved thanks Well I sat down on the receipt of the book and read it through at a single sitting _ This was too hasty, but then I have it for more studied perusal which will com m and my Earliest leisure and best regards. - By the way - One thing I lack, and it is material - I have not at command the geography of your travels and so I am a little at a loss for the is often mal and then mometire Map. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33A_F7_I3_p002.jpg) on tuesday last I had some idea of hatching chickens on mantel pieces, for Farenheit stood at about 100° here in the shade and perhaps 212 in the sun, more or less, and I felt like turning on my back with my wings and feet upwards, flapping the air, and so I have not earlier acknowledged your favor. Will you allow me now to say that your style surprises as much as it delights me. I did not expect such ability of narrative, such humor and vigor blended, from you. I am not easily lifted out of my boots by the solid and graceful eloquence of composition, but really then is a succession of success in this little book that makes me happy in your personal friendship. Judge Kane, long years ago, [-]id to me after you had Riped him a good day _ going to the City_ "That ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33A_F7_I3_p003.jpg) "child is the blessing of this "householder I wonder how Tom "ever found and got her" To which I replied truly, but Mischievously, "Tom, speaking of his Mother, says the very same thing of you" "Why the rascal" replied the Judge "He cut him off with a shilling." The weather has changed, we had a cool night and morning, but the sultry heat is coming on again and, I do not feel vigorous enough to write as I should and would in better weather and mood. Jessie E. Ringeralt No 1218 North 10th street Philadelphia is the address you ask. I am glad you have thought of sending her your little book for her to look upon she is a good industrious girl. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33A_F7_I3_p004.jpg) Mrs. Elder is here with me, putting in the healed term by reading. Seven [-] for her grand Children are taking care of me, by T[---] Bless the women. I know several that I think have souls. Give my love to T. with all earnestness, and assure him of my equal earnestness in accepting all that he sends me. What about your sister? I have lost trace of her, but not the pleasure of having known her. Yours in the bonds of faith and love William Elder "Bessy Wood Kane" ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33A_F7_I4_p001.jpg) Norwick Dec $160 Col Kane Dear Sir In looking over my fill of Papers, I find that on the 26th of Nov. last Due from you $162.50. Pleas forward a Draft for the same as soon as convient. Owing to the State of Financial affaires in P.A. I would prefer a Draft on New York if agreeable to your wishes. Please let me hear from you soon. Verry Respectfuly Yours Orman Bee[-] T. L Kane Esq ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33A_F7_I5_p001.jpg) No. 139. L 7'' Lt. Phila. 6-11-1874. P. M. Dear General: For your very kind remembrance received to day I entreat your acceptance of my thanks. Rest assured I shall read it with a great deal of satisfaction and I am sure with pleasure. With every wish for your health Always your Comrade to command John P. Nicholson. Thos. L. Kane B[-]y. [---]al &c. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33A_F7_I5_p002.jpg) [no text on page] ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33A_F7_I6_p001.jpg) ?The Republican. THE DAILY REPUBLICAN is Three Cents a con[-] ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33A_F7_I6_p002.jpg) [pages taped together] the attempt to [illegible line] ing company. 33b Twelve Mormon Homes, visited in succession on a journey through Utah to Arizona; pp. 158. Publish- ed for private circulation by William Wood, 4 West 18th street, New York. th Mind and in Education. by Dr Henry 33c ?What to Do With Our Mormon Brethren It is a good deal of a problem, when you come to think of it[-] what the children sometimes call "a sticker" [-]notty enough in itself, it is com- plicated by a number of side-issues. Approaching it on the abstract side, no intelli- gent man can fail to see that Gen Grant and Judge Poland have all the logic of the argument. No candid man will hesitate to acknowledge as much. Their position is simply impregnable. It is a fact that Congress has full authority un- der the constitution to legislate for the territories; it is a fact that there is a law on the general statute book against polygamy: it is a fact that this law has been systematically set at defi- ance in this particular territory, to the scandal of all moral and law-abiding citizens; it is a fact that it cannot be enforced there without some such additional legislation as is now pending in Congress. That this scandal should be removed, that this moral nuisance should be abated, that the laws should be enforced, that it is the duty, as well as the right, of Congress to provide for their enforcement—these are abstract proposi- tions to which there doesn’t seem to be any reply. If we approach the Mormon question on its concrete side, however, we perceive a number of things that may well give us pause. What to us is an absurd, immoral anachronism, is to these people a part of their religion; they insist that any interference with it will be an infringement of a constitutional guarantee—will be to set on foot a religious persecution. Of course, this claim of theirs is illogical, and all that; but it is put forward in perfect good faith, and it is not without a certain force. It adds to the awk- wardness of an awkward situation. Then, too, they remind us that Utah, when they went there, was not under the jurisdiction of the United States, and that they removed thither for the express purpose of escaping from that jurisdic- tion—of making themselves [-] new home, where they could practice their religion in peace. [---]- tling in a desert, they have reclaimed it to civ- ilization. By their self-sacrifice, toil, thrift, they have made Utah the richest and most prosperous of all the territories. More than that, save in a single point where conscience is involved, it is the most peaceable and law-abiding of all the territories. For two years and more, they have been practically without courts, through no fault—as they claim—of their own; it has been impossible to get a case tried, except by mutual agreement of the parties to waive all irregulari- ties. Yet life and property have been as safe as in Massachusetts. They are not to blame, they argue, either for the annexation of their home to the United States, or for the building of the Pacific railroad, or [---] recent influx of Gen- tile money-seekers. [---] for Congress at this late day to institute a [---] crusade against them, to practically deny them the right, only of worshiping God according to their own consciences, but of trial by jury, to put them under a civil ban, will be a gross injustice as well as a violation of the organic law of the republic. There are weak points in this argument, but there are others that are not so weak. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33A_F7_I6_p003.jpg) We frankly confess that our own best judg- ment is against the proposed action of Congress. It does seem to us that this is a case for hasten- ing slowly—for that temporizing, dilatory policy which leaves a good deal to time and the natural drift of events. We concede the logic of the ag- gressive policy; we admit that the Mormons are provokingly “sassy” about their law-breaking; we deplore the scandal as heartily as any friend of the pending bill. But we can’t help thinking it the better, wiser, cheaper, more statesmanlike plan to let patience have her perfect work. The polygamous territory is already girdled by a mor- al cordon. It is no longer isolated; thanks to the Pacific railroad, the public opinion of Christen- dom has scaled its defenses and effected a lodg- ment. Every new family of Gentile immigrants, every fresh discovery of ore, every milliner’s shop opened in Salt Lake City, is an additional factor on the right side in this problem. Persecute, or seem to persecute, the Mormons, and we shall play into the hands of their spiritual misleaders. Persecution, or the semblance of it, is now the one sole chance of these gentlemen for maintain- ing their hold upon the rank and file. Officer the territory with men who are neither doughfaces nor bigots, who will neither coddle [-]ersecute; maintain a steady pressure, stopping [-]hort of ag- gressive violence; then, give the moral and mate- rial forces, already operating, a fair show,—we shall see polygamy die a natural death. Can’t we afford to wait? ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33A_F7_I7_p001.jpg) J. B. Lippincott & Co. PUBLISHERS IMPORTERS BOOKSELLERS AND STATIONERS 715 AND 717 MARKET STREET Philadelphia, June 10 1874 General T. L. Kane, My dear Sir, I have much pleasure in acknowl- edging the receipt[-] of the copy of "Pandemonium" which you so kindly sent to me, and beg to express my thanks therefor. Very truly yours, Walter Lippincott. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33A_F8_I1_p001.jpg) The [picture of a sunset along mountain horizon] Sun New York, June 8 1874 My dear Sir: It is a great pleasure to me to see your handwriting once more, and you may be sure that, as long as I am in this world, I shall remember not only your brother, whose friendship I prized extremely, but yourself. I doubt whether the Poland Gen. Thomas L. Kane bill ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33A_F8_I1_p002.jpg) bill will get through so easily, and I shall hope to publish a suitable review of Mr. Wood's little volume long before the President gets a chance to sign it. Yours sincerely Charles A. Dana. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33A_F8_I2_p001.jpg) The Sun. SATURDAY, JUNE 13, 1874. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33A_F8_I2_p002.jpg) Military Lawlessness. Gen. MORROW, commanding at Camp Douglas in Utah, seems disposed to dis- count the POLAND bill before it becomes a law, and apparently assumes that the mu- nicipal authorities of Salt Lake city, being Mormons, have no right to maintain order in their streets. A soldier belonging to his command was arrested by them for being drunk and disorderly within the city limits, and very properly locked up. Gen. MORROW, indignant at the rebellious spirit thus manifested, at once demanded that the offender should be released and deliv- ered over to be tried by military process; and this demand being unheeded, he sent a company of cavalry into the city, bat- tered down the prison door, and meeting with no resistance, carried off the prisoner in triumph. If Gen. MORROW committed this outrage on his own responsibility he should be tried before a court martial and punished; but if, as is asserted, he acted under in- structions from the Secretary of War, that official should be made to understand that his action is illegal. The Territory of Utah is under a regular form of government, duly authorized and recognized by the United States; and it is the province and the duty of the local officers to deal with drunken ruffians who commit outrages within their precincts, whether they are soldiers or civilians. Ever since GRANT has been in power a disposition has been manifested on the part of a certain class of army officers to conduct themselves as if they were supe- rior beings, not amenable to the laws; and the sooner all concerned, from the Presi- dent and Secretary of War down, learn that the military are answerable to the divil authorities for violations of law com- mitted as citizens, the easier it will be for them to recede from pretensions which cannot be tolerated. This country is not yet prepared for the existence of a privi- leged military class. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33A_F8_I3_p001.jpg) SOME NEW BOOKS. [-] Gentile Lady among the Mormons. A little volume, entitled Twelve Mormon Homes made up of extracts from the journal and letters of the wife of an army officer in Utah, affords some interior pictures of Mormon households which have special interest at this time, when radical measures against the follow- ers of Brigham Young are pending in Congress. The father of the lady who relates her expe- riences among the Saints, an eminent banker of this city, has had the book printed for private circulation, with the avowed object of com- manding sympathy for the Mormons, [-]s he is convinced that "any renewal of the p[--]secution to which these unfortunate people have been subjected will confirm them in their cost objec- tionable practices and opinions, and [-]ntribute directly to augment their numbers and influence as a sect." Brigham Young every year makes a journey of inspection south, visiting the settlements of his people from the Great Salt Lake to the Arizona border. An account of one of these journeys is given in the little book under notice, the author, her husband, and two little boys having joined the Mormon leader's party by invitation. They all left Salt Lake City one morning in December, making their first stage by the Utah Southern Railroad to Lehi, where they took carriages. Travelling under such circumstances of course the tourists everywhere met with the most cor- dial reception from the faithful, as is illustrated in the account given of their arrival in the town of Nephi: I could see little of Nephi in the gathering darkness; it was evidently smaller than Provo. The carriages halted on entering the town, and separated company. Ours was driven rapidly up a cross street to a plain adobe house, stand- ing by itself. Lights shone from every door and window; the father of the family stood waiting to help us out of the carriage, and the wives and children greeted us warmly as we crossed the threshold. We were first ushered into a large bedroom on the ground floor, where a superb pitch-pine fire was blazing; and two well cushioned rocking chairs were drawn forward for us, while half a dozen hospitable children took off my boys' wrappings, as the mother disembarrassed me of mine. Then we were left to rest, and begged to feel o[-]rselves at home. Our present entertainers, the Steerforths, were English people. There were two wives, and a number of children, girls of all sizes down to the smallest elf that ever walked, and one sturdy, open-faced boy, who speedily "fellow- shipped" with my little lads, and carried them off, after supper, to the great kitchen to see their playmate, Lehi, the Indian boy. After supper! To this day, when we have any special dainty at home, Evan and Will exclaim that it reminds them of the Steerforths, and describe the cosy dining-room, with the warm firelight playing on the table equipage, and the various good things that composed, in York- shire style, the hungry little travelers' "tea- dinner." One of the wives sat down to table, and one waited upon us, with the aid of the two elder girls. My intercourse with the Steerforths made a strong impression on me. We stayed longer at their house than at any other on this tour, and it was difficult not to be influenced by their simple kindliness of heart and unaffected enthu- siasm. Our conversation the evening of our arrival turned chiefly on our hostesses' experience of pioneer life. Mrs. Mary was the chief speaker, but Mrs. Sarah, a pale little lady, dark-haired and black-eyed, put in a quiet word of acquies- cence, or suggested an anecdote now and then. She was from Yorkshire. Mrs. Mary was a Here- fordshire woman, tall, rosy, brown-haired, and blue-eyed. I wonder whether the Mormon men evince any marked peculiarity of taste in the selection of wives. Widowers with us are wont to profess that they discern a resemblance in the lady upon whom a second choice falls to the dear departed. I asked a Mormon woman at Salt Lake how it was, and she answered that in her opinion men had no taste. "In our case," she said, "there are five of us unusually tall, and two very short; but the rest (she did not say how many there were) are of an ordinary height, and we are all different in looks, disposition, and age." The Steerforths were among the first Mor- mons who came out to Utah. Only a select band of 143 men, headed by Brigham Young in person, had preceded them. These pioneers had planted posts along their route with rough boxes nailed to them, containing information regarding the distances to wood, water, and grass; and these guide posts were slowly tracked out and followed by the long train of ox wagons, freighted with the exiles from Nauvoo, women, children, and invalids. There were a few men who drove and acted as guards, but the teamsters were principally women and young boys. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33A_F8_I3_p002.jpg) Our Government had invited the Mormons, as a test of their loyalty, Mrs. Mary said, to furnish volunteers for the war then going on with Mex- ico. The Mormons raised a battalion five hun- dred strong, containing most of the young men who should have escorted the helpless ones; and they were gone twenty months, reaching Salt Lake Valley, she told me, from the t[---] almost unkown California. Some found that their wives and infants had perished from the sufferings they had undergone; others found them established in tiny homes, longingly await- ing them, I asked Mrs. Mary whether the band of exiles knew where they were to go. Had the pioneers returned? "No," she said; "we heard from time to time how they were faring from the post office boxes, but that was all we knew," "Were you long on the journey?" "Very long," she said; "but we kept cheer- ful, knowing the Lord was our gu[-]e. But you can think what we felt when we c[-]me into the mountains, and word was bassed one day from wagon to wagon that Brother Yo[-]ng and the other pioneers were in sight, coming back to meet [-]s! They brought news that they had chosen the spot for us to settle, and planted seed corn there. It was beautiful weather, and we had a dance, and prayers, and songs of thankfulness that night by the light of the moon." e The next day being Sunday, our author attended a Mormon meeting, for the first time, where she got rid of more than one preconceived idea. She looked in vain for the "hopeless, dissatis- fied, worn" expression in the women's faces which travellers' books had led her to expect, but found very much the same countenances that are to be seen among the American women of any large rustic or village congregation. The irrepressible baby was present in great force, and the young men were very largely represented. The afternoon she spent with her two hostesses. She says: While I talked with the Steerforth women over the glowing fire I was idly wondering to which of the wives the different children be- longed. The wee nursling and Noe were easily assigned to the little mother, but I puzzled my- self vainly over the others who gathered about the pair with precisely the same caressing fami- liarity that we are accustomed to associate with the true filial instinct one and undivided. When I mentioned my difficulty they smiled, and asked me to point out those whom I thought belonged to each. I did so; and they laughed outright, telling me that the seven children belonged to the little mother. She had also lost five. "Aunt Mary" was childless in name, but I never saw a mother of whom children seemed to be fonder or who took more pride in the promising future of her natural offspring. It was she who followed me to my room the first night, and, while she saw to my comfort, gave me incidental anecdotes in praise of "our girls." The bed hangings were trimmed with finely-knitted lace, and, assuming it to be her own work, I had complimented her upon it in the morning. She disclaimed it: "Sister Sarah really is won- derfully handy, but I have no turn that way." Next morning she apologized for her sister- wife's absence from the breakfast room: "The baby breaks her rest so much at night that the only thing to preserve her health is to let her lie late in the morning. The girls, particularly Mary, are so useful; they can prepare the meal with very little assistance from me." Sunday afternoon, when the little mother hap- pened to be talking with unusual energy, she brought little Mercy's head into violent contact with the stovepipe. She looked distressed, and tried vainly to soothe it for a few minutes, but then laid the infant, without a word, in Aunt Mary's offered arms, where it nestled down in a way that showed it was used to being cosseted there. The pair then pointed out to me the comfort to a simple family that there was in having two wives to lighten the labors and duties of the household, giving me a number of instances in proof. Mrs. Mary further spoke of the friendship that existed between such sister-wives as a closer tie than could be maintained between the most intimate friends living in different circum- stances. "Even sisters by blood," she said, "are parted when they marry by new interested inde- pendent of each other; and fond as may be the affection that remains, the bond of daily habit and propinquity is broken. But in our home each of us has a friend whose interests are iden- tical with her own, who can share all the joys and troubles of the family, and to whom she can impart her feelings regarding its head with- out fear of violating that sacred confidence which may not be shared with any outside friend." Can you imagine anything so[---]—more in- sane? I listened with perfect composure. I was under no temptation to laugh, with those two poor ladies looking into my face inquiring- ly, even when they spoke most confidently of their solution of life's problems. "The pity of it, Iago!" The Steerforths were the first Mormon wo- men who awakened sympathy in my breast dis- sociated from an equally strong feeling of repul- sion; but afterward, even when I was thrown among the Mormon Doras and Mrs. Nicklebys, in their absurd prattle about their family rela- ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33A_F8_I3_p003.jpg) tions some chord of nature would be struck which moved anything but a smile." In Scipio the author was the guest of a Mormon bishop named Thompson, the husband of two wives who had separate houses. One of these is thus described: "Sister Loraina Thompson" looked like an elder sister of Mrs. Lydia's, but was no relation. She had a large family of children, but seemed not in the least di[-]concerted by the addition to her household of our fellow guest, her husband and baby, although she had to entert in Mr. Staines and young Kimball also; and to care for the invalid next door. She came in after her te[-]things were washed up, and sat beside me with her knitting. She laughed when I praised her, saying that it was no wonder—she had "had a girl to help her these three weeks"—but she never found the children in her way; they were a help. And so they were, the little eldest unrobing the younger ones for bed, or waiting at table without needing direc- tions. They were well trained, as well as healthy, rosy children, and a little creature, who could scarcely speak plainly, sat on my knee, and carolled like a lark, "Up in the morning early," and "Put me in my little bed;" a still younger b[-]by nodding an accompaniment with quite a good notion of the measure. This Mrs. Thompson had grown up in the Mormon faith, our friend P. told me. Her mother died during the exodus, and she, then a mere child, had taken care of her younger bro- thers and sisters, and managed her father's house—"wagon-hold," I suppose one should call it—without aid from any one. Indeed, she continued to be her father's right hand until her marriage. Perhaps the rigorous training of circumstances in her youth made her consider what I thought such hard work easy when it was done in her own home, working for her own children and her pleasant-faced husband. Ought I to despise that woman? She cer- tainly came up to Solomon's ideal of a virtuous wife. You would have despised her less if you had felt the difference between her household and that of another woman at whose stronghold of freedom I halted the day afterward. Above her house was exalted a pole bearing a candle- box lid, on which was painted, "Old Boor- -bun. Segars." Upon the roof lay old boots and shoes, re- luctant to be reduced to the rank of fertilizers, but giving token of what was to be seen inside. Entering the cabin, I found that the dirt- begrimed window prevented the household from needing a curtain, and the smoke-black- ened logs of wall and ceiling were in keeping with the unmade bed and its tattered hangings. There was a very pretty baby here, too, which lay in its cradle and looked at me in silent won- der. The mother did no more. She never offered me a seat, nor the draught of water I had to ask for, and help myself to; merely re- marking that she "hadn't no kind of a place for folks to come into. Her girl had left the place three weeks ago, and she warn't going to stay among the Mormons, if she could get her hus- band to quit, and go among Christian folks." She supposed, of course, that she was rude to a Mormon woman in me, and I confess that I [---]laim her as a Christian sister. Near Fillmore the party visited an Indian chief of the Pah-vant tribe who had turned Mormon after a fashion. The story of his conversion and what followed is interesting: Kanosh is a Mormon convert, and prides him- self on his "white ways." His favorite wife—an Indian girl, brought up in a Mormon family— persuaded him to let her keep house "Mormoné fashion" for him. The Mormons had built her a nice little cottage, where she had real doors and windows, six chairs ranged round the room, a high-post bedstead in the corner, and plates and dishes in a press. She had her cows—and made butter—her poultry, eggs, and vegetables; and in her day Kanosh proudly displayed a stiff, clean shirt front and high collar every Sunday. Naturally, the other squaws were jealous. Kanosh went hunting, and on his return, three weeks afterward, the poor young wife had dis- appeared. Kanosh was sure that his eldest squaw had murdered her. What did he do? He told her that God had seen her do it; and bade her die. And she gradually faded away; and in less than a year she died, confessing that she had taken her victim by the hair as she knelt among the plants in her garden, pulled back her head and cut her throat. Then she had dragged the body away, and buried it in the cornfield. After the Christian wife's murder, Kanosh mourned in a sincere way that deeply gratified his Mormon friends. But he and the remaining squaws couldn't manage his affairs in her fash- ion. He wore his shirts, however, faithfully and honorably, till the buttons, the sleeves, and col- lars all deserted him. As to the poultry, when t[-]e eggs had accumulated to three bushels, or thereabouts, his band made a grand feast, and, Indian like, ate up all the chickens—literally all except the feathers—and all the eggs, good and bad. Here is an extract which will throw a good deal of light upon the motives which have influenced Mormon women of really conscientious natures to accept the detestable doctrine of polygamy as a part of their religion, and carry their faith into practice: ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33A_F8_I3_p004.jpg) In the southern Mormon settlements at least there is no distinction made between mistress and servant. The younger "sisters" think it no degradation to go to live in the houses of the married ones and help them with their work, and when work is over they sit down to meals or "go to parties" together. I am not speaking of the rougher sort alone. I have met a wealthy bishop's daughter at a dance, dressed in white muslin, who has opened the door for me next morning with arms fresh from the wash tub, when I went to call upon her mistress. It did me no harm when she shook hands on leaving me in the parlor, apologizing for being unable to remain with me. Such girls sometimes marry their masters. A nice possibility for the wife hiring "help" to keep before her eyes! I met one woman who had claimed from her mistress the fulfilment of a jesting promise—that if she served her faithfully for seven years she would give her to her hus- band to wife. At the end of the seven years she jilted a man to whom she was affianced, recalled the forgotten promise to her mistress's mind, and became her master's plural wife. There was no question of affection on either side. I believe she merely wished to share in his glory in hea- ven, with a modest competence here below. I give her up to you, father, to abuse to your heart's content. Apparently she angled for a rich man quite as much as if she had not been a saint. It is not for such as she that I ask your pity and sympathy. It is for those women who have become "plural wives" from a sense of duty, and who think their lot happy because they deem that God's blessing rests upon its hard conditions. I would have you pity Delia J., for instance, the wife of a man double her age. Of her the first wife said to me, "Delia is the blessing of my life. It is true that she has had trouble in polygamy. She could not bring her mind for a long time to see it to be her duty. But she is reconciled now. I thank the Lord every day that now that I am infirm, Brother Samuel has her at his side to watch over him, and see that his health and comfort are attended to, as he is growing old." Childless herself, this Delia is dearly loved by all the other wives' children, some of them older than she is. That first wife's eldest daughter said to me unaffectedly one day, when we hap- pened to interrupt an earnest conference be- tween her mother and Delia, "Mother loves her better than any of us, and admits her into her inmost confidence; because, of course, she is nearer to pa than we can be." Pity her! I pitied Delia from the depths of my soul! I saw her wince once at an allusion to her childlessness, and thought how happy that devoted, affectionate nature might have made a home where she ruled sole mistress of the heart of a husband worthy of her. Yet Delia was one of those who spoke most earnestly to me of polygamy as of divine insti- tution, and rejected with horror the solution of the Mormon difficulty which I advocated: that Congress should forbid any further polygamous marriages, but legalize those that already ex- isted, seemed to me both just and merciful. "Secure my social position!" she once re- peated after me. "How can that satisfy me? I want to be assured of my position in God's esti- mation. If polygamy is the Lord's order we must carry it out, in spite of human laws and persecutions. If our marriages have been sins, Congress is no vicegerent of God; it cannot for- give sins, nor make what was wrong right. "Hard for me if polygamy were abolished, with- out some provision for women situated as I am!" Yes, but how much harder to bring myself to accept such a law as you speak of, and admit, as I should be admitting, that all I have sacrificed has not been for God's sake! I should feel as if I were agreeing to look upon my past life as a— as a worthless woman's—upon which I had never had His blessing. I'd rather die!" How I detested her husband as she spoke! I felt sure he could not believe that that was a divine ordinance which sacrificed those women's lives to his. I heard him say that when "Joseph" first promulgated the Revelation of Polygamy he "felt that the grave was sweet! All that winter, whenever a funeral passed (and it was a sickly season), I would stand and look after the hearse, and wish I was in that coffin! But that went over!" I should think it had gone over! He has had more than half a dozen wives. Another conversation with a Mormon wife on the subject of plural marriages is worth quoting: I often asked Mormon women—whenever, in- deed, the question then before Congress was discussed, and that was very often—whether they would be satisfied if their present unions were legalized and all future ones prohibited. The telegraphic despatches of the evening having elicited a free conversation on the sub- ject, I asked Mrs. Dawes's opinion. She was much embarrassed, being of a retiring disposi- tion, and I suppose, not a little afraid of an anti- polygamist questioner. She said she would rather not be asked. "Sist[-]r Dawes" (the eldest wife, a woman twice as big and twice as old, whom I afterwards met) "was a very good talker." (She was, indeed, a wonder in her way.) "But I," said she, "am very ignorant. And besides," she added, with a blush that dyed her cheek crimson, and a great effort to speak plainly, "it is not fair for you to take me as a sample of Mormon women, because I did not join the Church from conviction, but because my family—all my sisters—had embraced the faith, and were about leaving England. So I was baptized, the last thing; and therefore, as for religion, I am not as strong in it as I ought to be. But I have married a polygamist, and have lived with his other wives eight years, and have been very happy. I took the position of Mr. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33A_F8_I3_p005.jpg) Dawes's third wife: and I feel I should have no right to complain if he took another. But, then, perhaps I don't know, never having tried being married your way. Sister Dwining, at St. George, where you are going to-morrow—if you would ask her. She was married twice in the St[-]tes before she joined." At this there was a titter, I think, at the fair ingénue's expense, but perhaps at my own! Whatever may be thought of the leaders, there is no doubt that the great mass of the Mormon population of Utah are honest and sin- cere in their convictions, while there is abun- dant evidence to show that as a community they are industrious, thrifty, sober, and honest. If it were not for the practise of polygamy they would be considered an exceptionally moral and virtuous people in any part of the world. It is believed by men who are well informed upon this subject, and whose opinions are entitled to re- spect, that this practice will soon be killed out by causes now at work, independent of any legisla- tion by Congress, and it is certain that the Mor- mon question is one which requires to be han- dled with great caution. It was the persecution of this sect in Joseph Smith's time that first gave it importance. If at the present day big- otry and roguery, joining hands in a new cru- sade against the "Saints," are permitted to have the whole power of the Government to support them in carrying out harsh and unnecessary measures, it is safe to predict that the conse- quences will be the reverse of what good men desire to see. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33A_F8_I4_p001.jpg) The Evening Post. New York, Tuesday, August 18, 1874. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33A_F8_I4_p002.jpg) [---] [--] named in one item which shall in the custom any way deliver property from the point of shipment to their merchant at destination. Therefore resolved This Produce Exchange adhere to the proposed rates for the government of the grain trade in connection with the railways as lately adopted. GLIMPSES OF LIFE AMONG THE MORMONS, Captain Codman Leaves the Mormon [-]atering- Place and Travels to Salt Lake City—The Differ- ence Between What He Saw and What the Mor- mons of 1847 Saw—The Advantages of being a Martyr, by One Who has Not Tried It—The Cap- tain on the "Bench."—What There Has Been in the Salt Lake Valley—A Poor Pun on the Lake— The Traffic in Salt—The Mormon System of Irri- gation. [Correspondence of the Evening Post.] WALKER HOUSE. SALT LAKE, August 7, 1874. We left Parley Park with regret, to exchange its mountain scenery and cool breezes for the level streets and the breath of hot summer winds of the town in the valley below. We started in a ricketty stage wagon. We crept slowly up to the divide, and then crossing over to the cañon began our rapid descent. It was a lovely morning, and the exhilarating air com- pensated for the powerful rays of the sun; but as we wound through the deep gorges of the narrow defile we often realized the luxury ex- pressed in that beautiful simile of the Psalm- ist, where he speaks of "the shadow of a great rock." Some of the rugged cliffs ran up perpendicularly for a height of more than a thousand feet. Frequently one of them would seem to block our path, when, with our faithful but noisy comrade, the stream, where there was scarcely room for us to travel side by side, we would turn a sudden point and find ourselves again locked in the embraces of new mountain barriers. Thus turning and twisting, now in bright sunlight and now in deep shade, and with ever-changing emotions of wonder and delight, we descended, until, sweeping around the last rocky promontory, the extend- ed plane of Salt Lake Valley lay before us. We had partly followed the track of the first pioneers, but they emerged through "Emigra- tion," the cañon two miles to the north of us, through which I passed last year. It possesses the same characteristics as "Parley's," and the approaches to the valley are alike. Twen ty-seven years ago those footsore pilgrims ar- rived from their long march of many months across the desert. I will not revert to what I have before written in respect to the contrast between the scene which presented itself to those hardy adventurers of 1847 and that which lies before me now: how they came through toil, cold, starvation and battle with savage foes, to behold at last an arid desert; and we come with all the lux- urious facilities of modern travel, to find this desert changed by their untiring in- dustry into a well-watered fruitful plain. Upon it has arisen one of the prettiest cities of our land, and for miles around this lovely town are the most productive farms, from which the farmers are now gathering in an abundant harvest. In figurative language I should call it beauty in the lap of prosperity. These Latter Day Saints were not alone in crossing the Rocky Mountain wastes in search of a reward for difficulties to be overcome. In that same year gold was discovered in California, and thousands flocked there to grasp the glittering treasure, many of them leaving their bones to mark the path for their successors. Side by side with them the devoted Mormons laid themselves down to die. But who were most resigned to their fate? the men who breathed their last sigh in disap- pointment that their hands could not clutch the shining dust, or the men who firmly believed that they were fully prepared to receive their reward before entering upon their labors? A religious fanatic, be his creed true or false, is the happiest being in the world. In all ages martyrdom has been a supreme delight. Swinging on hooks is a pleasure for the Hin- doo, as burning at the stake was for John Rog- ers; and I believe that to this day the real out- and-out Mormon derives his greatest satisfac- tion from persecution. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33A_F8_I4_p003.jpg) We came out on the "bench," that peculiar formation which makes a dividing line be- tween the mountains and the valleys through- out this region. There are two benches, one six hundred feet above the valleys, and the other about half way between. They are clearly-defined water ridges, never varying a foot in level on either side of Salt Lake Valley, which is twenty-five miles wide. On these Wasatch Mountains on the east and the Oquirrk Mountains on the west, these ever distinct benches maintain precisely the same height, proving conclusively that at different epochs the valley has con- tained seas of two different depths. Judging from the present alkaline nature of the soil and the intense saline properties of the exist- ing lake, these former great inland seas like- wise must have been composed of salt water. The present lake appears to be determined to maintain its ancient character of an "old salt" to the very last, notwithstanding the fact that the River Jordan from the south, the Bear River from the north, and other con- siderable streams continually pour large volumes of fresh water into its re- duced basin. Late in the summer the waters of the lake recede, leaving hundreds of tons of ready-made salt on the shores. The supplies of salt thus obtained are not only sufficient for the whole territory, but large quantities are exported to the adjoining re- gions. The waters of the lake are so dense with the salt held in solution that it is impossi- ble for a man to drown in them without attach- ing a weight to his person. The lake is not much used for bathing purposes, as the sensa- tion afterwards is like that produced by a fla- gellation of nettles unless the body is at once thorougly washed in fresh water. The whole soil of the valley, from the upper bench down to the shore, is intensely alkaline, and, if left to itself, would not produce vege- tation enough to keep life in a starving grass- hopper. But through the wonderful ingenuity and perseverance of this people the ground has been so irrigated that any part of it may be made exceedingly productive. At first there were only a few little patches of grass in the town; later the streams of water were led to the small farms in its immediate neighborhood. The green carpet of verdure, thus just unrolled, has spread it- self over the valley, until it now covers thou- sands of acres on the east side of the River Jordan. In this way, as a devout old Mormon expresses himself "the salvation of the Lord has come upon Zion," adding reverentially and modestly, "Paul has planted and Apollos watered, but it is God who has given the in- crease." J.C. Dona Blanca. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33A_F8_I5_p001.jpg) The Evening Post. [-]ew York, Thursday, August 20, 1874. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33A_F8_I5_p002.jpg) GLIMPSES OF LIFE AMONG THE MORMONS. Captain Codman Goes to Church—The Sermon of the Apostle Orson Pratt—His Attempt to Make the Mormons Believe that They and Their City were Foreseen by the Prophet Isaiah—Also that the Ancient Hebrew was in Favor of the Union Pacific Railroad—Two Questions which Brother Pratt did not ask— The Music of the Mormon Tabernacle Service —The Commemoration Exercises of the 24th of July—A Short Criticism on the Apostle's Sermon by a Doubting Mormon. [Correspondence of the Evening Post.] WALKER HOUSE, SALT LAKE CITY, August 9, 1874, Bierstadt should be your correspondent to- day. He should sit at this upper window as the sun is going down beyond the Oquirrh Mountains, and, looking eastward upon the Wasatch range, under which this beautiful city is nestled among gardens of fruitful trees and shrubbery, he should watch the changing colors, catch the passing shades, and follow with his artistic eye the long shadows as they creep up the inclined plane that leads to the foot of the mountains, see the sombre tints climb higher and higher among the rugged crags, until they reach the snow-clad summits and suddenly change into sunlight, which rests for an instant, a narrow strip of gilded light, and then vanishes, leaving the dark outline against the clear sky. He should seize some best mo- ment of this serene death of the day, and transfer to his canvas a scene that cannot be expressed by words. I do not wonder at the poetic faith of these Latter-Day Saints, that they should so often exclaim, "Beautiful is Mount Zion, the joy of the whole earth," and that they should quote the inspired prophecies of Isaiah as foretelling the glories of their kingdom. I have just returned from the Tabernacle, where the apostle Orson Pratt preached for two hours in a strain identical with the spirit of Isaiah's words. He took his text from the old Hebrew's magnificent poem, and told his hearers, who are never wearied with the story, how these prophecies never could have related to the ancient Jerusalem, a city of a barren land long since laid waste and its people be- come a byword on the earth, but that they were intended for this new Jerusalem and for them, the chosen of the Lord. Truly Nature has enforced the apostle's arguments, and it is not surprising that when the saints look about them they should implicitly believe that these are the mountains spoken of by the holy seer, and these the fruitful valleys that he pre- dicted would become the heritage of the people of God. This priesthood has always moulded Scripture to its purposes. When crossing the plains on their weary march, the Mormon dis- ciples were shown their resemblance to the Israelites in the desert, who were merely their prototypes. Thus they were stimulated to perseverance, and now that their work is so largely accomplished, they are pointed to the blessings that have already been bestowed upon them, and encouraged to labor for the absolute fulfilment of the promises. So much of prophecy having been actually realized, the preacher assured his audience that the time would soon come when "they shall not hunger nor thirst; neither shall the heat nor sun smite them." As the mercury at the time stood at 100 degrees, we all devoutly prayed that the good time might speedily come. All Scripture is made to apply to Mormon dom, and so Mr. Pratt took a long jump into Revelations, and told us how Salt Lake City, although it had already so many comfortable houses, would be entirely rebuilt in those lat- est latter days. The walls were to be of jasper, "the city of pure gold like unto clear glass," and "the foundations were to be gar- nished with all manner of precious stones," and all the cities of the world were not to be compared with it for extent, wealth and splen- dor. My neighbor whispered, "Let's invest in real estate right here!" ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33A_F8_I5_p003.jpg) Now it so happened that a company of gov- ernment directors of the Union Pacific Rail- road were spending the Sunday in town, and were present on this occasion. For their bene- fit the apostle now jumped back into Isaiah and quoted the following texts: "Every val- ley shall be exalted and every mountain and hill shall be made low; and the crooked shall be made straight and the rough places plain." "I will even make a way in the wilderness"; and others which seemed to him to bear upon the subject. He said that the great railroad was the instrument of God in bringing hither all the nations of the earth "with speed," the proph- et having clearly used this phrase with ref- erence to locomotives; and while he admitted that it introduced at the same time an objec- tionable Gentile element, he had no fear but that this would be overcome by the prepon- derance of the numbers who would flock to the standard of Zion, for the Lord would eventually bring in the "sons of the stranger. Even them will I bring to my holy mountain, and make them joyful in my house of prayer. The gentiles shall come to thy light, and kings to the brightness of thy rising." He appealed to the old men of the congregation, and asked them if they had not gathered the stones and made the rough places smooth for this great highway of the Lord; if they had not built two hundred miles of its track. He did not ask them if this was not done under a contract of Brigham Young, and if Brigham had not put the profits in his own pocket. Brig ham accepted the inevitable, and made what he could out of it, but I imagine that if he could have made these mountains of Zion a barrier against the outside world, and this Garden of Eden a paradise for himself and his Eves, he would have been content to let "all nations" drag their hand-carts over the deserts, and to have trusted to polygamy for the increase of the population. When Mr. Orson Pratt had finished his ab- surd rodomontade, we were rewarded for our patience by a really fine performance on the great organ and the vocal music of a well- trained choir. There were about a hundred singers, male and female, and the effect was very pleasing as the loud anthem echoed over the heads of the immense audience. I wish that I could have been present on the jubilee of the 24th of July, the annual celebra- tion of the arrival of the pioneer pilgrims. On that occasion the choir was composed of eight thousand children, whose voices unted in a thanksgiving to the God who had guided their fathers to this promised land. Many of the decorations of the Tabernacle on that day still remained. American flags were festooned across the end of the hall facing the audience. The most effective adornments were two arches—one under 1867 roughly ornamented with sage brush and wild sunflowers and surmounted by the horns of a deer, and the other under 1874 wreathed with roses and other choice flowers and crowned with a tiara of silver. Nothing could more forcibly and beautifully express the change that has come over this territory during the last twen- ty-seven years. A great many mottoes were displayed on the panels of the galleries, a few of which were in very poor taste. These are some of them: "Suffer Little Chil- dren to come unto Me," "We thank Thee, oh God, for our Prophet," "Keep your Armor Bright," "Holiness to the Lord," "Heirs of the Priesthood," "Feed my Lambs," "Our Crucified Saviour," "Our Mar- tyred Prophet," "Mothers in Israel," "Daugh- ters of Zion," "Utah's Best Crop—Children." The sacred, the funny and the almost blas- phemous, are indiscriminately displayed, and there were many more of all these various kinds besides the ones I have quoted. It was a sight to see the vast crowd swarm out of the Tabernacle like bees out of a hive, and it amused us not a little to hear the re- marks of one Mormon to another as we walked homeward. "I dun' know about Brother Orson's idee of smoothin' down the mountains and topplin' 'em over into the valleys. 'Pears to me 'twould spile considerable wheat and corn!" J.C. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33A_F8_I6_p001.jpg) Washington June 13 1874 My Dear Sir: I am very much obliged to you for your kindness in sending me, as I am advised by your letter of 8th, a copy of Mrs Kane's book. I have been awaiting its arrival and promising myself much pleasure from its pe- rusal. As yet however it has not reached me and I begin to fear it has gone astray in the mails. Was it addressed to Washington or to Huntingdon? Truly Yours Gen. Thomas L Kane Johnston Kane Pa ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33A_F8_I7_p001.jpg) SEPTEMBER 24, 1874. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33A_F8_I7_p002.jpg) THE NATURAL BEAUTIES OF IDAHO. Captain Codman Recalls the Attractions of some Towns Famous for Remarkable Springs of Water—He then tells in what the Hamlet at Soda Springs differs from all these—A Descrip- tion of the Inn—How to get to Soda Springs from New York, and the Cost of the Trip—What to Do when you Get There—How, when you want a Carriage, you hire a Wagon, and Drive "where there is a road"—Sulphur Lake—Some Curious Gentlemen do a Curious Thing—Swan Lake—Formation Springs—Captain Codman Climbs an Extinct Volcano and looks down into the Crater—He also Visits "the Devil's Ice- house"—He does not wish to be "enthusiastic," but there is no place like the Idaho Mountain Region. [Correspondence of the Evening Post.] SODA SPRINGS, September 3, 1874. Soda Springs. Not Saratoga, with its magnifi- cent hotels, balls, fashions, regattas, races and extravagant dissipations; not Carlsbad, Baden- Baden, Kissengen or Vichy, under medical juris- diction, but furnishing a dolce far niente under shady avenues and amidst Cur-Gartens, where soft strains of music usher in the day and lull one to sleep at night—the only variations in this dreamy repose the casinos and the booths where curiosities are sold and fragrant coffee is dis- pensed by young women; where all that is de- sired and readily obtained is the luxury of pleasurable laziness. Soda Springs, for that is the name of this little Mormon hamlet of a dozen log huts, is like none of these. Far away from the world of society and business, ensconced in a lovely valley, seven thousand feet above the level of the sea, with ranges of mountains two thousand feet higher on every side; the rapid Bear River rushing through its green meadows where herds of cattle, the only property of its people, find choice pasturage; where the warm sun comes down by day and the cool breezes sweep over at night, this is our situa- tion. The only hotel is Sterrit's. It does not rival the United States at Saratoga, but it is the only frame building in the village, rough but commodious, and so infinitely superior to the log cabin over which Mr. Sterrit's sign-board swung last year, that I am as much inclined to praise our enterprising landlord for his successful endeavors to make us comfortable as I was then disposed to criticise his establishment with no little acerbity. True, we have none of the concomitants of those great watering-places above-mentioned, but we have what is far better—Nature in her wild majesty, an atmosphere of invigorating elasticity, never ending curiosities of volcanic formation, and, what is the chief attraction for invalids, an infinite abundance and variety of mineral springs. They gush out of the ground, warm and cold, in all directions. They need no tubing to increase their volume, but boil and sparkle in great pools like reservoirs. Those most used are composed chiefly of soda, magnesia and iron, and are highly charged with carbonic acid gas. Fortunately there are no doctors here to prescribe limits to indulgence in their use. In Germany and France we did not object to short allowances of the nauseating water. Here we should rebel if required to desist from the full gratification of our thirst. I was so impressed with the medicinal value of these springs on my former visit, that with no little trouble and ex- pense I procured several cases of empty bottles at Saratoga, when we took lessons in bottling, cork- ing, wiring and packing. These were shipped by rail to Franklin, the nearest station, and then forwarded by wagon sixty-five miles. We have just finished bottling and reship- ping them to New York, having selected for this purpose three of the most highly esteemed foun- tains, whose temperatures are respectively 50, 52 and 56 degrees Farenheit. At present the expense of freight is so great that this proceeding as a com- mercial enterprise would be a signal failure. On our return to New York an analysis will be made, and published in your columns, for the benefit of those who, reading this description, may be in- duced to visit Soda Springs. The route, time and expe[-]se of the journey may be thus stated: ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33A_F8_I7_p003.jpg) New York Central, Lake Shore, Chicago and Northwestern, Union Pacific and Utah Northern roilroads to Franklin, five days, 2,498 miles; cost, $120; stage from Franklin to Soda Springs, 65 miles, one day, $4. It seems a long and expensive route, does it not? $240 to go and come when you can go to Saratoga and retnrn for $10. But if you will put all that you see during your journey of the fertile prairies of Illinois, Iowa and Nebraska, and the wild mountains of Wyoming, Utah and Idaho against the short line and time to Saratoga; the ten dollars per week at Sterrit's hotel against the charges of the great inns of that fashionable resort; the inability to buy anything here against the constant demands on your purse there; and, more than all, the life-giving air and the invigo- rating waters against the hot, heavy atmosphere and the drastic Congress purges, you may come to balance your account in favor of Soda Springs. You will do well to follow our example of hiring horses at thirty cents per day at Franklin, and have them here for daily use under the sad- dle. Our stable bills are nothing. We turn the beasts loose to get a good living with the herd. Sometimes we "want a carriage." Then we hire a farm wagon and drive where there is a road, where there is none, amidst the sage brush- carrying our guns and shooting ducks, prairie chickens and hares, as we go to visit the Sulphur Lake, the Swan Lake, the Formation Springs, the extinct volcano, the Devil's Icehouse, and the other sights to be seen within a radius of a few miles. This Sulphur Lake is a sheet of water an acre in extent, stronger of mineral many times over than the springs of Sharon and Richfield, bub- bling from its whole surface with escaping gas, the noise of which may be heard a mile away. Behind it is a mountain of sulphur, and on its shores last year there was a yellow sulphur beach. Now it is black as charcoal. A few months ago some curious gentlemen, anxious to know what a literal lake of fire and brimstone was like, visited the place one dark evening. They dropped their matches on the beach, and in a moment their most vivid anticipations were realized. The lurid flames circled the mad, sputtering waters, and threw their light on the overhanging crags, and thus these amateur artists painted a hor- rible picture at which they were absolutely scared as they looked from fire to lake and from lake to mountains, and then at the unearthly faces of each other. They were made to realize the awful significance of the Scripture allegory, a representation of which they had produced. A few miles beyond is the Swan Lake, a most pleasing contrast to this infernal pool. Lying on the top of a high hill, it occupies what must have been the crater of a volcano. The waters are so exquisitely transparent that the bottom can be seen at the distance of sixty feet. Their alkaline action has coated the rocks and fallen trees with a pure white covering, and as one looks over from the edge at any part of its circumference of three hundred yards, he will see that he stands on a crust of rock, for the water, or its predecessor the fire, has excavated the rock for hundreds of feet under the surface of the land. This is won, derful and grand; but the prettiest sight is the escape of the water as it seems loth to run down to the plains, but jumps in silver cascades from one moss-crowned basin to another, such as would reward a landscape gardener for his journey if he could imitate by the perfection of art this ac- complishment of nature. The Formation Springs are courses of water constantly leaving deposits and changing their currents, petrifying trees and bushes, and creat- ing substances like the brittle coral of the sea. They have hollowed out large caves, frescoing their walls with festoons of white drapery, and then, finding a subterranean outlet, have disap- peared, running beneath the surface, how deep no one can tell, until three miles below, the darkened stream, tired of its imprisonment, rush- es up again to the light of day, and runs joy- fully on sparkling in the sunbeams and leaping at length into the river. Down the valley in another direction is the old volcano. It is more easily climbed now than Vesuvius. The ashes have been blown away or have consolidated themselves during the ages that have passed since the crater emitted its fires, but far around in all directions lie the huge blocks of lava, and the earth is ploughed into gigantic furrows of stone, black, like that lining the great pit of two hundred feet into which we looked down. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33A_F8_I7_p004.jpg) It was but yesterday that what we have named "the Devil's Icehouse," was discovered. Some young men on a hunting excursion in this volcanic district found a deep cave where snow and ice could be seen at the bottom. To-day we have been up to visit the place, and our party is the first to explore it. There we found, doubt- less, hundreds of tons of pure ice, some of which we brought home. It is a permanent icehouse, not affected by the upper air, which was marked at eighty-five degrees, while down in this im- mense cavern the glass stood at twenty-nine degrees. I have spoken of the "curiosities" hawked at the German spas. Compare them with curiosi- ties like these! I do not mean to be enthusiastic, but you may take all the famous watering-places of Europe, with the little that nature and the much that art has done for them—you may combine them all, and you will find this wild sanitarium of the Idaho Mountains will send you back to your home with better health and better reflections when your summer is ended. J. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33A_F9_I1_p001.jpg) ON TO SODA SPRINGS! Captain Codman Continues his Journey from Salt Lake City—He Moralizes a Little about the Gentiles in Utah and the Mormons in Idaho — The Road through the Canons — Mr. Robbins’s Ranche and Cattle Farm—Cottonwood Ranche—Scenery and Supper—A Long Horseback Ride — Arrival at Soda Springs. 37b [Correspondence of the Evening Post.] SODA SPRINGS, Idaho, September 13,1874. We are now travelling northward in Idaho, having passed fairly out of the territory usually considered to be writhing under the tyranny of Brigham Young. A residence of two seasons in Utah enables me to pronounce this impression totally unfounded, and to testify that, although the legislature is composed almost exclusively of men who have embraced the faith of the “Latter- Day Saints,” neither that body nor the local courts use their authority to oppress those who differ from them in matters of religion. Nothing is more evident than that all this cry of persecu- tion arises from political demagogues who never have been persecuted in the slightest degree, and that their shibboleth of polygamy is but a handle for their own advancement which they would not take hold of if they could not use it for that purpose. The condition of affairs in Idaho proves these points conclusively. Here the legislature con- tains scarcely a single Mormon, and the courts are entirely under the jurisdiction of those who have no faith in that religion. Nevertheless, although in the southern part of the territory more than a hundred square miles, embracing the country between Corinne and Soda Springs and the Bear Lake district east of us, is almost entire- ly settled by Mormons, the legislature does not meddle with them at all. It pursues the same course in regard to them that the Utah legislature follows regarding the Gentiles there. It is sufficient for each of these bodies that it has an overwhelming majority. Therefore, the Idaho government allows the Mormons to remain in the peaceable practice of their religion, and neglects its duty to put an immediate stop to the practice of their one doctrine, which is a crime against the law of the land. There is none of that virtuous indignation felt against polygamy that wells up in the hearts of the outraged Gentiles of Utah, who merely use it for a weapon which the people of Idaho are strong enough to dispense with. It would be more to the credit of eastern philanthropists if they would urge upon Idaho to relieve itself from an abomination it can legally annihilate at any moment, than to petition Congress to interfere unconstitutionally with the people of Utah. Assuredly the incident narrated at the close of my last letter was more repugnant than anything of the kind we had seen before, and that such things should occur in Idaho is a disgrace to its people and its government. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33A_F9_I1_p002.jpg) Having crossed the Bear River, our road gradu- ally ascended and at times passed through well- wooded cañons. Most of it, however, had no vegetation on its borders but sage brush, and with the exception of the Robbins Ranche, where we stopped to dine, had not been prepared for cultivation by ditching. Mr. Robbins has a large and flourishing cattle farm. He owns a thousand or more cattle on the hills; and if his domestic establishment was not in accordance with our own ideas of law and propriety, it certainly placed polygamy in a less objectionable light than that in which we viewed the family of the modern patriarch at the bridge. Along the road I met my old acquaintances of last year, and the Mistresses Robbins extended to us the same kind hospitalities then experienced. I redeemed the promise which the numerous chil- dren had not forgotten of bringing them each a stick of candy. Its performance nearly cleared out my stock of confections. Our drive became now much more picturesque. There were magnificent glimpses of mountain scenery as we wound through the hills, and the sun- set shadows that fell over the plains afforded a charming relief from the somewhat oppressive heat of the day. The game was not so abundant as I found it last year, but we bagged enough to make our supper secure. In the early evening we rattled down from an elevated table-land to Cottonwood Ranche, the home of our driver. It is a romantic spot, sequestered among the hills, a beautiful meadow, hundreds of acres in extent, spread out like a green carpet under the rough mountain furniture. Horses and cattle were grazing around, a pretty log cabin stood on the river bank shaded by a grove of cottonwood trees, a little stream trained to run before the door to gladden the hearts of the inmates by its ceaseless music, and all the surroundings speak- ing, with a silence broken only by the lowing of the cattle and the babbling of the brook, of peace and contentment. But the life in this quiet picture of nature was the face of a comely young woman, the mistress of the ranche, whose smile of welcome was the light thrown upon it. Daintily did she prepare the trout just caught from the river, and the prairie chickens we had brought, and we will confess that we watched pretty little Mrs. Hampton, and her performances at the frying-pan, with a greater interest than that with which we surveyed all else around us. In the neighborhood of the house are several sulphur springs of a heat of ninety-five degrees, some of them fifty feet across, and of a depth nearly as great. These provided us with deli- cious baths, and we drank from a cool soda foun- tain, the waters of which much resemble those at this place. The dairy of the place was one of the pleasant curiosities, too, and in visiting them all after our abundant supper, we passed the time most agreeably until the welcome hour of sleep. We had brought a saddle and side-saddle, and in the morning, although the wagon road—of which we had accomplished thirty miles on the previous day—is still good for the remaining dis- tance we preferred to go on horseback, especially as we should require the animals while remain- ing here. The family at the ranche furnished us with an excellent horse and a quiet mule at a very reasonable price, to retain for the time we might need them. Relying on the arrival of our heavier luggage by the first opportunity, we packed portmanteaus, gun and fishing rod on the animals, and having breakfasted with our kind friends bade them farewell. Let me observe for the benefit of ladies that there is nothing like a journey on horseback to convince them how su- perfluous are the three-story trunks in which the greater part of what they are made generally travels. A great deal more than is actually required can be carried on the unoccupied star- board side of their saddles. Moreover, it bal- ances the weight, which inclines it to turn to port, and thus adds to their safety as well as to the comfort of the animal ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33A_F9_I1_p003.jpg) Passing through “Gentile Valley,” and stop- ping to rest and chat with some old friends by the way, we then crossed over a high spur of the mountains, from which, far in the distance, over a long desert plain, we could see the bold prom- ontory that stands at the entrance to Soda Val- ley. Descending to its level we plodded along under a burning sun for hours. Low sage brush that could scarcely afford shade for the prairie chickens that nestle under it was the only vegetation of this arid soil. From a distant volcano, now extinct, great masses of lava had been thrown in all directions. There were seams of volcanic rock where the earth had opened, and sometimes there were walls a hun- dred feet high and hundreds of feet long, built up like solid mason-work with blocks weighing tons, and fitted in their places with exactness. There was neither grass nor water. All was a wide scene of desolation. It was but a sample of those immense tracts that are spread far and wide over these western territories, and the heat, thirst and discomfort we endured for these few hours were but samples, too, of the miseries that often for many days and weeks attended the early pioneers of this wild country. We could realize their joy on arrival at the promised land when, having traversed these few miles, we suddenly turned to the east at a point where Bear River forces itself through a rocky defile, and found ourselves in this beautiful Soda Valley, following up the stream through the green pas- tures on its bank, and catching a view of the little hamlet six miles beyond. Our animals having quenched their thirst at the cool waters of a rapid stream that crossed our path, galloped merrily on, and evening came over us as we arrived at the door of Sterrit's Hotel. J. C. 37d The steamboat Flirt has arrived at Lake Wau- ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33A_F9_I2_p001.jpg) THE GRAPHIC. SATURDAY, JUNE 13. TRIPLE SHEET. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33A_F9_I2_p002.jpg) SUMMER AT THE CAPITAL. AN INTERESTING VOLUME ON POLYGAMY AND MORMON LIFE—WASHINGTON LADIES AND THE CENTENNIAL. [CORRESPONDENCE OF THE GRAPHIC.] WASHINGTON, June 4.—Having read the ad- mirable editorial in Wednesday’s GRAPHIC en- titled “Stamping Out Polygamy,” I am tempted to write you of a little book which a friend re- cently gave me to read, in which the bright side of Mormonism is depicted in a series of admirable descriptive sketches of a trip through Utah to Arizona. The book, which has for its title “Twelve Mormon Homes,” and sub- title at the head of its first page “Pande- monium or Arcadia—Which?” was written, as the preface tells us, “for private circulation, but not anonymously.” The writer is a daughter of Mr. William Wood, of West Eighteenth street, New York, a gentleman well known and highly esteemed as a banker in your city, and also in England and Scotland. The lady with her hus- band and two sons accompanied Brigham Young’s party by special invitation on the an- nual tour of inspection which the Mormon Pres ident makes through his domains, and she wise ly kept a journal during her travels for the ben- efit of her father in New York, who has since caused it to be published. While neither Mormonism nor its most prominent feature, polygamy, are advocated by the writer, a fair and impartial view of the workings of this pe- culiar religion in home life is given, and the reader is left to draw conclusions without any attempt being made to bias them. As a de- scription of scenes and incidents of travel I think I have never read any work which, while presenting vivid pictures, showed such remark- able power of condensation. Every sentence is pithy, every word tells, and while giving an experience almost unique, the writer never brings herself prominently into the foreground, but is content to group facts together and let the story tell itself. Mr. Wood, in the preface, makes use of the same argument used in THE GRAPHIC'S editorial, that legislation cannot avail in the extirpation of Mormonism, and that persecution will only serve to increase its power. Chiefly for that reason he publishes his daughter’s journal. Let me give you the outline of an argument which Mr. Wood’s daughter held with a wife of one of the saints. “Delia J.” is the wife of a man double her age and is childless, but she is loved and blessed by the other wives and their chil- dren, some of them, of course, older than her- self. When Mrs. T., the writer of the volume before me, discussed the probable action of Congress with Mrs. Delia, and advocated that Congress should forbid further polygamous marriages but legalize those that already ex- isted, Mrs. Delia exclaimed: “Secure my social position! How can that satisfy me? I want to be assured of my position in God’s estimation. If polygamy is the Lord’s order, we must carry it out in spite of human laws and persecutions. If our marriages have been sins, Congress is no vicegerent of God; it cannot forgive sins nor make what was wrong right. Hard for me if polygamy were abolished without some provision for women situated as I am? Yes, but how much harder to bring my- self to accept such a law as you speak of, and admit, as I should be admitting, that all I have sacrificed has not been for God’s sake! I should feel as if I were agreeing to look upon my past life as a—as a worthless woman’s, upon which l had never had His blessing. I’d rather die!” ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33A_F9_I2_p003.jpg) The book is well worth perusal merely for its fine descriptions. I wish I had space for more extracts. From what Mrs. T. saw, with- out being any way bound to make a partial re- port, the Mormon homes are models of cleanli- ness, thrift, and harmony. Religion occupies the first place in every household, and nothing is done but in accordance with its edicts. The Mormon wives are busy housekeepers, have little leisure for reading, and apparently none for “gadding” and gossip, which is probably the secret of their contentment. In a big house in which Mrs. T. says the “very foppery of cleanliness” prevailed the only books she saw were the Bible, the Book of Mormon, a photo- graph album, and Forrester’s Dictionary. A short notice is given of the inspection of a tel- egraph office under the charge of a woman and inspected by a woman, and in commenting upon the admirable manner in which both women discharged their duties Mrs. T. says: 37a “It was an example of one of the contradic- tions of Mormonism. Thousands of years be- hind us in some of their customs, in others you would think these people the most forward children of the age. They close no career on a woman in Utah by which she can earn a living.” I fear that last is too powerful an argument in favor of emigration to Utah, and not desir- ing any such consummation I close my notice of this admirably written volume with this ex- tract. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33A_F9_I3_p001.jpg) ?THE PUBLIC ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33A_F9_I3_p002.jpg) ?LIBRARY PAPER. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33A_F9_I3_p003.jpg) [tears on the left side of page] me. 37j Since the above was written, I have had the pleasure of perusing another book of only a hundred and fifty-eight pages, which is printed for private circulation. It is com- piled from the dairy and letters of a lady, who, in company with her husband and two children, small boys, made a tour of inspec- tion with Brigham Young in Utah. The book, which is printed on tinted paper and the clearest type, is entitled “Twelve Mor- mon Homes, visited in succession on a jour- ney through Utah to Arizona.” In the preface, you are told that the book is not anonymous. The father of Mrs. T., the writer, takes the responsibility of publication. He is a Scotchman by birth, lives in New York, where he is a banker, and has several branch houses in Europe. His name is Wil- [-]am Wood. He states that his object in publishing the book is "the hope that Con- gress will not renew their persecution of the [-]ormons and thereby confirm them in their [-]t objectionable practices and opinions, [---] contribute directly to augment their [-]bers and influence as a sect." The book is written in a charming style, and gives an inside view of the woman’s life in Utah, such as is perfectly new to me. We have had Ann Eliza, Mrs. Young No. 19, telling [-] in lectures of the horrors of polygamy, [-] this book shows the reverse picture. All of the twelve homes Mrs. T. visited were models of cleanliness, order and hospitality. She states one fact that atones for many of [-]e men’s faults, and that is, the absence [-]spittoons in the houses, and that she saw [-] man among the Mormons who used to- [-]acco in any form. Mrs. T. is not an advo- cate of the system, but from the heading of the first chapter seems to be in doubt as to conclusions. It is left to the reader to de- cide the question—"Pandemonium or Arca- dia, which?" For all men who say that woman’s sphere is her own household, the views presented must be acceptable, for these wives all seem to be the willing and cheerful drudges of their husbands. While the conversations, as repeated, are those of women of some education, and very exalted piety, yet there is nothing above the baking, cleaning, and tending of children through- out the book. The different wives were as affectionate to each other as though they were sisters, and seemed to live amicably and divide duties with disinterested unsel- fishness. Those who had no children would rise early in the morning and attend to the breakfast, to enable the little mother, whose rest had been disturbed by the baby, to enjoy a morning nap. The system of com- munism seems to be a success with this strange people, and no thoughtful person can read the book without feeling that, in many respects, the Mormons are superior to other Christians. If possible, obtain the book for your library. It is published in Philadel- phia, but the name of the publisher is not given. Mr. William Wood’s residence is No. 4 West Eighteenth street, New York. MISS GRUNDY. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33A_F9_I4_p001.jpg) Washington, June 14th 1874 My dear General: Be pleased to accept my grateful thanks for your kindness in sending me a copy of Mrs Kane's journal which I have read with much interest and delight Pardon me for adding a prediction that it cannot fail to fulfill Mr. Woods philanthropic purpose in its printing, and awaken sympathy for the heroic people whose ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33A_F9_I4_p002.jpg) life and country, it so graphically describes. That while it quickens it does not originate that feeling in me, is only because I have not lost the interest & respect for them I learned from you so long ago. I hope that your health is entirely restored Pray commend my kind regards to Mrs. Kane. and tell her that I enjoyed very much the glimpses the book affords of the boys – What a memory ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33A_F9_I4_p003.jpg) for them must the journey be! How glad I was to see my address once again in your characteristic hand writing - as firm and regular as ever. Ever faithfully yours Henry Goodfellow Gen. Kane Kane ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33A_F9_I5_p002.jpg) read your Book say the whole ought to be published & sold & with your own name on the Title page. I sent you 3 Copies of the "Sun" of 13th inst. & 2 Copies of the "Daily Graphic" & James sent you a third. The [--] gives really a most appreciative review of the work, so much so that some here said "thats Tom!". Neither that wretched Scots Amer[---] nor the Evg. Post have said a word and he d__d to them & as for this week's Evangelist I shan't know till tomorrow but I begin to fear that no good thing will come out of this Nazareth of a New York I sent on 1 Copy of the Atlantic to you & another to the Rose-in-June" that she may keep it for her ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33A_F9_I5_p003.jpg) descendants when she has any. You would see the cut off my preamble as you advised & they also left out a good screed about the return to Scotland of one of the whole Plantation haull[-] who cause an investigation & a great [-]ow but the article is long enough I should like to have your stern cri- ticism upon it. Last Friday I had a field night at St Gabriels Catholic School was asked to speak first Hughley complimented afterwards, and on Tuesday I was at the Commencement of the Celebrated 14th St Female Gram[-] School old Gelly Neilson was there & spoke I was asked to speak but lost & at first. "I thrice refused" but finally did speak th[---] in the spirit I gave at them hot that & administered a dig to Mr. Oily ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33A_F9_I5_p004.jpg) Gau[---] Neilson. As represently the old Board I made a neat allusion to the late J. W. Gerard's services letter Couse[-] popaleu education & was afterwards shaken by the hand & thanked by his son, (J. W.G Jr) who was previously unknown to us, for the Kind way I spoke of his Father, I felt that I made the speech (modest) & the consequence was I slept badly for this kind of public life is like drain dou[--]sing I am wanted to speak at other school's but I don't think I will unless I be at the Teinole St Gabriel's School tomorrow The Girls went off to church last night & as every soul in the House wel[-]di[-] Pat had also gone, I went after the girls & brought them home, It was to hear Orunstins account of his visit to the Hampton Va Normal Coloured School. All well here. Baby better. Harriet off with ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33A_F9_I6_p001.jpg) 4 West 18th Street New York 19th June 1874 My darling Bessie, After writing to you yesterday and on my return from the Central Park I recd yours of 17th inst. I had seen the little notice of my article in the Tribune thank you all the same for sending it. A friend of James's told him about the Article in the "Sun" he told me & I immediately sent forth & got 10 Copies. I found that I had not sent Uncle James a Copy of your Book & I hope you will send him one from yourself, his house is "91 West 11th Street New York" his office address Care of Lenuford & London & Globe her, Co. 45 William Street New York ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33A_F9_I6_p002.jpg) The $30 check is sent down by Davens to Bk of America with your Book Book for deport [--] Genl T. L Kane this morning. After you have finished your Book, you will get over the feeling about never wanting to write another word, and we will say of you as of the Swan in Lycidas "At last she rose & twitched her mantle blue, "Tomorrow to fresh woods, & pastures new. This morning I have a letter from Mr Atkinson with the proof sheets of his Article on Banking for the Atlantic Monthly for August advocot[-]y the adoption of the Scottish system in New England, his Article is very interesting to me [-]ort goes down to the very elementary principles of Banking & when the August Number Comes out I will send you ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33A_F9_I6_p003.jpg) a copy. In the mid[-]t of the civil [---] & conventionalities of the present time we are apt to forget the simple first principles of Banking & of many other things so it is good to go back as the prophet Isaiah says to "the rock whence we were "hewn & the hole of the [---] pit "whence we were digged". You will be gratified to know that Mr Atkinson writes to me as follows on 18th inst "Last evening I finished your "daughter's little book, and I truly "thank you for sending it. It will "make me move [---] just "toward those poor deluded people" which is just what you wanted I send you the school Journal in which honourable mention is made of my speech at 12th Lt. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33A_F9_I7_p001.jpg) May 28th /74 My dearest Father, Will you tell Bess that I want her to call her book – Pandemonium in Arcadia Mich [-] a Chapter in the History of Religious Foundation I have got a horrid headache or I shd, at this moment, comment to papa a “short but admirable preface” [-] I compised (in bed) this morning & with [-] I wish her to [The following is written sideways on page] rather tranquil – the "narrowness" of the neck of land is [---] stand on wd ni[-]dly[-]ear – for any practical purpose — & I’ve felt like a “Pilgrim” & a my headaches [--] ever since [-] Then off with my [---]es W a “family” in [---] make it to will Buy [--] for the necessary [---]alty — at [--] this ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33A_F9_I7_p002.jpg) [Column 1] introduce her story, and account (to the Orthodox) for her sympathy with the Mel[---] May it live a thousand years (in my mind) but I fear I'd p[-]p[-] it before next week. this I recited for Edwards' benefit this morning. With that preface I cd. conceal I think, to cts publication. I pd. [-]the ha [---]k real to be lost — and I I [-]d like her to make some waves by it. [Column 2] Tell dear Bess, that I learned some good things in the way 'I' amility," by the faith. of the Mormon women — in spite of their deeds of the M[---]lines cd. I hate But tell her "E.B." & I had a good laugh over that ideal "Charlote" who is so respectful to the & deferential to the opinions not [--]ty if "My Father & my Husband [---]d "all the clergymen I know!!!!" Also tell Ben I agree with Russ M[---] & I think Bernie can trade Book-making. [The following is written sideways on page] had the delight of "diddling away a Ruling or [-] of the wrong I am so anxious to save public. But a Bush in the hand. & it pleased the [--]des if it didnt keep the [---]ion [---]d Also I felt less like a "pilgrim" cd p[---] the wind lines of Brigham?? Then read a ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33A_F9_I7_p003.jpg) It is changing weather today changing to heat. We are all of us, except E.B. nine or less “under the weather” especially Kabe & I – I have just sent K. & E. to bring home two liute friends to tea – to cheer them up – as they seem quite to have lost their appetites I can parody for a Pa[-]sonic [---]d seem whose failed to tempt their tricky appetites for the last month or so. I have had a curious day – woke in the morning [--]d ever used with the “preface” then went about homestead & culinary matters for an hour – Then went to take the Communion with a dying man, peacefull brave — but it [The following is written sideways on left side of page] critique on Jane Austen, & wished Bess & I cd write books together — ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33A_F9_I7_p004.jpg) Ben W. do the scandalous parts, & I wd. do the proprieties) Seriously, I have been much struck with what Miss Mackday in "Soilers & Spr[--]teis” ou[-] That a penny earned is better than a penny saved & if only that "something" (in the way of health) wd turn up “sone I shd certainly prove to Bessie that “Charlotte & she agree more closely than she thinks about “Woman”- (If I shd fail in literature I have decided to day that the wash – lu[-] and the frying pan wd be my vocation – adapted with a liute millinary [The following is written sideways on sides of page] isn’t going to go [-] now I might have written a[-] that “admirable preface” [--] last of “all [--] half [---] haly ea[---] hey ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33A_F9_I7_p005.jpg) quite [-]un, Lizzy tr[-]n[-]net’s nic[---]/into is looking tired out with work that she is all for – & wish I might take a hand at “the Peggy-tub & be tired with working instead of [---] We had in School Feast two days ago & saw the [---] I sent you. I was deputed by the Church to buy 330. presents for the children for ₤2— & had an hour & a half to select them in — & try them “advaila[--]tly”. I think trade after all, is my bent & way perhaps [-]atic to that – if I find that at the end of [---] to writing w[--] Peg as us is falatly [---] & [The following is written sidweays on left side of page] dearest love to Nelly. I too can “guring auld claes & c” & with great nieces, I think Yr loving L[-] ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33_F1_p001.jpg) A Journey Through Utah Winter of 1872-73 VOL. 1 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33_F1_p005.jpg) This book belongs to Evan O'N. Kane who had it bound as a pleasant surprise, to gratify His loved and loving mother E.D. Kane ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33_F1_p007.jpg) Charles Waters Walter Lippincott "As I walked through the wilderness of this world, I lighted on a certain place where was a den." The Pilgrims Progress. Brigham Young, "President of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints", makes an annual journey of inspection South, visiting the settlements of his people from the Great Salt Lake to the Arizona border. My husband was invited to join his party last winter, and I accompanied him with my two children boys of eight and ten. We left Salt Lake City early one De- -cember morning, while the stars were still shining in the frosty dawn. At the depot a crowd of Mormons were assembled to see their leader off, and a Committee of them filled the Special Car on the Utah Southern RR., in which we made the first stage of our journey. We ran down Salt Lake Valley while the mountains on our left were still in shadow, but the golden sunrise was resting on the tops of those on our right, ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33_F1_p009.jpg) and gradually slanting down towards the plain. The snow had melted from all but the highest summits, and some of these were only veined with it in their ravines. Stepping to the rear of the to look at a trestle- work that was very long and very high for timberless Utah, we had a beautiful view of the City we had left, nestling at the foot of the mountain; the blue Salt Lake, and Antelope Island in the distance. The dreamy tranquillity of the scene was succeeded by a busy one at Sandy Station. We stopped to visit the newly estab- lished Smelting Works of an English Company, managed by Germans. Outside lay heaps of ore, stacks of ingots of silver, and pigs of lead. Entering, we found ourselves just in time to see a stream of boiling metal run from one cauldron to another. It looked transparent, having a black clearness like alcohol, and as I stood looking down into it I could scarcely believe that it was Lead. The works had only been in opera- -tion a fortnight, but the foreman was in great delight ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33_F1_p011.jpg) over the results obtained by a new process; for the patent right of which, he said his Company had paid $100.000. "It is as pure as the Swansea Works, and purer than we can obtain it in Germany," he exclaimed. "Only two pen- -neyweights of silver to the ton of lead!" To my ignorance it seemed that the more silver there was, the better, but I found that he meant to express the complete separation of the metals effected by the new process. He wished to prove this on the spot by an interesting test, but our engine was hooting its impatience, and we were forced to resume our seats in the train. Mine was beside a sweet looking elderly lady who, with her widowed sister, was to leave us at the next Station to attend the meeting of a Female Relief Society. She introduced the subject of polygamy abruptly, telling me among other things that to her it had been long known as Revelation,* "Brother Joseph" *Note. The Mormon publications denied Polygamy as late as 1852 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33_F1_p013.jpg) having revealed it to her thirty six years ago. She had proved its wisdom since! I learned that this woman had been one of Smith's own wives; the first "plural wife" of the sect! Since his death she had espoused another Saintly personage. A few minutes ride from Sandy Station brought us opposite the gorge of the "Little Cottonwood". It was hard to realise that thousands of men were busy in the recesses of that wild and desolate-looking ravine. Yet the famous, or in-famous, Emma Mine is there; and opposite, across the sunny Jordan Valley; some twelve or fifteen miles off, though seeming scarcely three miles distant in the clear atmosphere, we saw Bingham Cañon, another noted mining locality. A little distance down the line clouds of smoke were pouring from the tall chimneys of another Smelting Establishment. So far we were still in "Gentile" country. The Mormon President discourages mining among his people ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33_F1_p015.jpg) but I suspect that a great many of his richer followers are interested in mining speculations. Davis We left the train at Lehi. It was not an attractive looking place, and I went no further than the Depôt, where a crowd of stages, baggage wagons and hurrying men intercepted the view. As I sat warming myself at the Ticket Office stove, a young lady, Chief Telegrapher from the Salt Lake Office, with her dress neatly looped over her Balmoral skirt, tripped up to the table where sat the Lehi telegraph clerk, a woman too; and after an effusive greeting the pair subsided into business. The Lehi office was thor- -oughly inspected; satisfactorily, as it appeared from the tones of both ladies, the curt dry question and answer of the cate- -chism ending in a pleasant chat seasoned with ad- -jectives and girlish interjections. It was an example of one of the Contradictions of Mormonism. Thousands of years behind us in some of their customs; in others you would think these people the most forward children of the Age. They [Written sideways in left margin] Interpolated May 1. 1873 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33_F1_p017.jpg) close no career on a woman in Utah by which she can earn a living. I strolled out on the platform afterwards; to find President Young preparing for our journey‑as he did every morning thenceforward, by a personal inspection of the con- -dition of every wheel, axle, horse and mule and suit of harness belonging to the party. He was peering like a well-in- tentioned wizard into every nook and cranny, pointing out a defect here and there with his odd six-sided staff, engraved with the hieroglyphics of many measures; more useful though less romantic than a Runic wand. He wore a great surtout reaching almost to his feet of (Mahomet colour?) dark-green cloth lined with fur, a fur collar, cap and pair of sealskin boots with the undyed fur outward. I was amused at his odd appearance, but as he turned to address me, he removed a hide- -ous pair of green goggles: his keen blue-gray eyes met mine with their characteristic look of shrewd and cunning insight. I felt no further inclination to laugh. His photographs ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33_F1_p019.jpg) accurate enough in other respects, altogether fail to give the expression of his eyes. There were six baggage-wagons to accompany us. They had left Salt Lake City the day before, and now rolled slowly off to precede us to Provo. Under President Young's direction, his party were told off to their respective vehicles, and bade farewell to the friends who had accompanied them so far. Our carriage drew up first, and I was sorry to see that it was Mr Young's own luxurious City coach whose springs he had devo- -ted to be shattered over the lava-blocks in my invalid husband's service. Inside, it was so piled up with cushions and fur robes that it was almost impossible to feel a jolt. Its handsomely varnished outside panels were protected by clean white canvas. What a red-stained shabby covering reached the end of our seven-hundred miles’ journey! Behind us followed a carriage containing one ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33_F1_p021.jpg) of Mr. Young’s married daughters, a pale bronchitic-looking young lady, travelling for her health under the care of a Mrs Young who was returning to her home in a Southern settlement. Beside them rode Mrs Young's fair-haired little daughter Mabel, and many a chorus she and my boys sang from their respective perches as we toiled on our journey afterwards. Next followed the carriage of Lorenzo Dow Young, a younger brother of the President, with his bright-eyed sunburnt wife, alert and erect as a young woman, and a manly son of fourteen, their perfectly reliable driver. After theirs came various other vehicles, containing the Superintendent of Telegraphing in Utah with his pretty wife; a blue-eyed white headed Bishop from Pennsylvania‑a Mormon bishop I mean— and three or four other gentlemen in their own carriages, who were to accompany President Young for the remainder of the trip. Not least, in his own estimation followed a "coloured ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33_F1_p023.jpg) gemman", an importation to Utah from Philadelphia, whose airs and ailments were henceforward to engross to distrac- -tion the time of the kind hearted Elder who withdrew him from the teamsters’ company to give him a seat in his own carriage. When the last vehicle had started, President Young stepped into his own light coupe which carried him at a brisk trot to his place at the head of the line. Our afternoon drive to Provo followed the mar- -gin of Utah or Timpanogos Lake, a shining sheet of fresh water which came into view when the exigencies of the land- scape demanded. Near its shore were several flour- -ishing villages, appearing in the distance as large fruit orchards with detached dwellings scattered through them. Hardly any "clap-boarded" houses are to be seen in Utah. The Mormons have an ugly English-looking burnt brick; but adobe ("dobies") or unburnt brick is the most commonly used. I prefer this adobe. Its general tint ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33_F1_p025.jpg) is of a soft dove colour which looks well under the trees. Sometimes the Mormons coat the adobe wall with Plaster of Paris, which in their dry climate seems to adhere per- manently. Its dazzling whiteness commends it to the housekeeper’s, if not to the artist’s eye. The walls of the best houses in Provo were white or light-colored, and with their carved wooden window dressing and piazzas and corniced roofs looked trim as if fresh from the builder’s hand. We entered the grounds of one of the hand- somest of them, a Villa built in that American-Italian style, which Downing describes as expressing "varied enjoy- ments, and a life of refined leisure.’’ On its broad piazza our hostess stood ready to greet us; a buxom, black-haired, quick-eyed dame, who gave us a becoming welcome, and hailed the rest of the party with many a quip and merry jest as she led the way into her large parlour. In two minutes she had flitted up the stairway to show me my rooms; in ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33_F1_p027.jpg) two more she had committed my entertainment, as far as talking to me went, to another of her husband's wives, also a guest; and in about fifteen more she had all of our large party seated at a table, which was so abundant- -ly spread that there was no more than room left for our plates. To be sure‑New England fashion‑we had, big and little, glass and china, about nine apiece. We had a brave long Grace before Meat. I noticed that before uttering it, President Young’s eye had wandered over the table, and seen every cover lifted, even the glass top of the butter-dish. The stoppers were taken from the decanters of home-made wine. (I once saw at a Mormon dinner-party in the City the Corks drawn from the Champagne-bottles, which effervesced an accompaniment to the speaker!) I don’t know why the covers were taken off: it would have made an epicure wish the Grace‑ ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33_F1_p029.jpg) a full fledged prayer-shorter, with such savory viands cooling. What had we for dinner? What had we not! Turkey and beef, fresh salmon-trout from the Lake, wild duck, chicken-pie, apple fritters, wildplum, cranberry and currant jellies, a profusion of vegetables; and then mince-pies (drawn from the oven after the grace was said!) smoking plum-puddings for us, and wholesome plain ones for the children (who preferred the unwholesome!) pears, peaches, apples and grapes, pitchers of cream and scarcely less creamy milk, cakes, preserves and tarts num- -berless, and tea and coffee. All were served and pressed upon us by our active hostess, for whom a seat was reserved at President Young's right hand—to which she was invited about once in five minutes, replying "Immediate- ly, Brother Young", "Directly, Sister Lucy," as she flew off to re-appear with some fresh dainty. Such a busy woman! That she looked ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33_F1_p031.jpg) to the ways of her household, no one could doubt who heard her prompt cheery replies to the queries addressed her from time to time by President Young, and her husband, (He was also a guest, if a man can be a guest under his wife's roof!) respecting the welfare of the cows and calves and sheep and hired boys, the winter's provision of wood and coal, and the results of the summer’s husbandry. She conducted me over her house, afterward, with a justifiable pride in its exquisite neatness, and the well planned convenience of its arrangements. She showed me its porte-cochere for stormy weather, its covered ways to barn and woodshed, and the never-failing stream of running water that was conducted through kitchen and dairy. I noticed the plump feather beds in the sleeping-rooms, the shining blackness of the stoves, (each with its tea-kettle of boiling water), and that no speck dimmed her mirrors, and not a stray thread littered her carpets. It was not only here, but everywhere else in Utah, that I rejoiced in the ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33_F1_p033.jpg) absence of <-well-> spittoons, and of the necessity for them. I saw neither smoking nor chewing among the Mormons. This Provo house was the very foppery of clean- -liness. Small wonder that, with but one young girl to help her, its mistress had little leisure for reading. I had asked for books, meaning to judge of the character of the household by their aid. There was only the Bible, the Book of Mormon, a photograph album, and Worcester's Dic- -tionary, in all that big house‑except in a carefully locked closet, where were the story and lesson-books of her one child, a son, gone now to Salt Lake City to study a pro- -fession. When she opened this door, and lovingly handled the volumes, speaking of her loneliness with- out him, tears gathered in her eyes.—I thought, myself, of a home that I knew of, not half so tidy it must be confessed, over-flowing with books and music, play- things, and children's happy voices, where boys and girls gathered round their mother with their paintings, draw- ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33_F1_p035.jpg) ing and sewing, while their Father read aloud; and my own tears came as I thought how solitary her life must be when each day's work was done; how much more solitary it would be when the evening of her life closed in. No "John Anderson" to be her fireside companion, none of the comfort that even a lonely widow finds in the remembrance of former joys and sorrows shared with the one to whom she has been best and nearest. This woman would have only her Model House; so clean and so white; so blank and vacant—even of memories! However, my pity, for the present seemed uncalled for. My hostess was soon jesting with her guests. I must admit that she appeared to be a happy and contented woman. Our evening passed very quietly. President Young was suffering from a severe cold, attended with fever, and the household retired early. While we were sitting in the long parlour he fell asleep before the fire, and ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33_F1_p037.jpg) the traveling party broke up into groups who chatted in low tones with the visitors who came in. When I went upstairs after tea to put my boys safely to bed in their unfamiliar quarters, I had to draw down the window-blind to shut out the dazzling moonlight which kept them awake. The town seemed asleep, except in the direction of the red-lit windows of a great Meeting House whither the Elders of our company had repaired, and whence I could hear distant singing. The mountains which shelter the town were dis- -tinctly visible: their snowy tops like fixed white clouds; the Hill terrace at their foot, called Provo Bench‑lying black in their shadow above the town. When I went down stairs to take my leave for the night, I remarked to a guest, who was still lingering in the parlour, upon the extreme beauty of ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33_F1_p039.jpg) the scene, and she detained me until she could narrate me a "nice story" to associate with it when I returned to my moonlit rooms. She said that in the early days of the settlement, her brother-in-law, Ch. Decker came there by appointment to "trade" with the great Ute Chief Wah-ker or Wakarra. Wah-ker was the terror of the country in his day, having undisputed range over the region; from Utah through Arizona, into California. It pleased his Highness to declare that the Great Spirit had ordered him to be friends with the Mormons. To prove his friendship, he brought them property for sale,‑which ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33_F1_p041.jpg) Note May 20th 1873 [--] "Those are the ten tribes, which were carried away pris- -oners out of their own land in the time of Osea the king, whom Shalmaneser the King of Assyria led away captive, and he carried them over the waters, and so came they into another land. Bu They took this counsel among them- -selves, that they would leave the multitude of the heath- -en, and go forth into a further country, where never mankind dwelt. That they might there keep their statutes, which they never kept in their own land. And they entered into Euphrates by the narrow passages of the river. For the Most High then showed signs for them, and held back the flood till they were passed over. For through that country there was a great way to go, namely of a year and a half, and the same region is called Arsareth. Then dwelt they there until the latter time."‑II Esdras 13th Chap. 40-46. verses ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33_F1_p043.jpg) he could not dispose of to other purchasers! His Utes would often take infant captives from the weaker Indian tribes, who were heavy stock upon their hands: and these, Wah-ker would, with a mock sober pretence of generosity, insist upon the Mormons' buying. When Wah-ker announced that he was coming with his band to trade, the Mormons hastened to buy what they must and get rid of their dangerous friend as soon as they could, as, in a lonely country-house the women hasten to buy from the boisterous drunken pedlar wares enough to rid them of his presence. The Mormons were not allowed to buy Indian children for slaves. Believing them to be Lamanites, fellow-descendants of Israel, <*Note> like themselves, though under a curse, they felt bound to adopt them into their families and treat them ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33_F1_p045.jpg) like their own children. Therefore it was a costly purchase that Wah-ker invited them to make, and on this occasion, Decker and his comrades bought what the Indians had brought of other wares, such as dressed skins & ponies, and blankets but declined the human goods. Wah-ker then produced a shivering little four year old girl, whom he insisted that they must buy . He asked an extravagant price "because he had brought her so far; away from the Santa Clara country." (Her "board” could not have cost the hero much, for he used to picket his naked little captives "to a stake by a long rope tied around their necks, and for days at a time they had nothing to eat more than was literally afforded them by "the run of their teeth" among the under- -growth within the limit of their tether.) The Mormons were willing to pay a rifle, ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33_F1_p047.jpg) and even to throw in a blanket to boot, but explained that they honestly had no more goods with them than were left on the trading ground. On this, Wah- -ker became enraged, and seizing the child by her feet, whirled her in the air, dashed her down, and then; as she lay quivering out her life, he snatched his hatchet from his belt and chopped her into small pieces five pieces. "Now, you can have her at no price”, he said. The narrator considered her story ended here, but I asked, "Well, what happened then?" "Happened?" she echoed, "Why, nothing. After Wahker's temper was spent, he went off quite pleasant and dignified." "But Decker, your brother-in-law? Did Mr Decker do nothing?" "He did try to jump out of his wagon and ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33_F1_p049.jpg) rush on Wahker, but his friends held him‑held his arms, till he came to himself and cooled down. What could four men do against two hundred and fifty? I did not reply. I suppose the Mormons could have achieved nothing, but I think the story of the unpunished crime affected me more than it would have done, if the child's death had been avenged. The Indian stories I have heard; when they are true, don't end prettily. No God in a machine comes down to avert the stroke of Fate. The witnesses look on like the Chorus in a Greek tragedy. I suppose the ancients described reality, but our modern novelists and playwrights must suit the taste of the day by bringing every story to a happy end. Wah-ker himself died in the Pah- vant Country, and the Utes made great lamentation ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33_F1_p051.jpg) over him. There is a narrow cañon with steep rocky walls which we saw afterwards near Kanosh’s village. In one of its recesses they walled up his body with loose stones that permitted the air and some rays of light to penetrate. They killed there in his honour seven head of cattle, a Pi-ede squaw and child, captives, and then they walled up with him a live Pi-ede boy. The Pah-vants, who are a race friendly to the whites, living quietly on a little reservation near, were sorry for the child. One half-breed went up at night and talked with him, but dared not be seen in daylight. After three days the little fellow could no longer restrain his cries of terror, his horror of the rotting corpse his pangs of hunger and thirst. The fourth night there was only a moan in answer to the friendly voice; and the fifth night, silence. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33_F1_p053.jpg) Davis Payson Looking from my window at Provo, that night, I had remarked a great building that looked in the distance like a fortress. We visited it next morning and found it nothing more formidable than algr[--]t woollen factory, not yet in operation. It is to run 270 spindles and make a variety of cloths. The superintendent proved to be a nephew of the Brothers Kelly of Kellyville in Pennsylvania, and I felt as if he were quite an old acquaintance in this outlandish corner of the world, though I only know his relatives' Mills by sight when I am at home. We left Provo that afternoon in spite of President Young's evident indisposition. I asked a lady of the party whether some one would not urge his stay- -ing a day longer to recruit his strength. "No”, she replied didactically , "he will be inspired to do right. If he ought to go, we will know it by his going; if not, he will be inspired to stay. He ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33_F1_p055.jpg) is guided by the Spirit in every action of his life." Payson was our next stage from Provo. The very pretty daughter of our host here was the child of an only wife. He admitted his single-blessedness with the half-shamed faced laugh that in our coun- -try might have followed the announcement that a lady was his third spouse. Third, vertically, I mean, as L.M. used to say of Bishop H's matrimonial Adventures. I did not think Mrs Angus seemed likely to urge a second wife upon her lord; since for anything that I could see he throve finan- -cially as well as if he had fulfilled all the condi- -tions of Saintship. He was one of the few Irish Mormons whom I met; (indeed Scotch Irish at that.) His house was a large adobe which had grown with his prosperity, for it had been added to three times, and included a flourishing Millinery Establish- ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33_F1_p057.jpg) ment conducted by Mrs Angus. It had two well- furnished parlours; one in particular had a conspicu- -ously costly carpet. Fires were blazing in both, but I think quite as comfortable a room was a long kit- chen where we ate our meals. Like all Mormon living rooms, it was virtuously clean and well-aired. Trailing plants climbed round the windows, and as the sun- -shine poured in, a canary tried to outsing the tones of Brigham Young's grace. He held his own, how -ever; and would not have its cage covered, maintain- ing that the bird's effusion of thankfulness might be as acceptable to the Creator as his own. At every one of the places we stayed at on this journey we had prayers immediately after the dinner-sup- -per, and prayers again before breakfast. No one was excused; wives, daughters, hired men and women, all shuffled in. The Mormons do not read from the Bible, but kneel at once, while the head of the ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33_F1_p059.jpg) household or an honoured guest prays aloud, beginning as I noticed on this occasion, instead of ending "In the name of Thy Son our Saviour Jesus Christ, Father we ask," etc, I do not think they as often say "if it be Thy Will," as we do, but simply pray for the blessings they want, expecting they will be given or with-held as God knows best. Though I do remember Brigham Young's once praying for the restoration and healing of the sick "if not appointed unto death." They spend very little time in ascriptions, but ask for what they need and thank Him for what He has given- with surprising fluency and detail. It interested me and my children too, though they could scarcely repress a start and titter when they and their absent brother and sister were alluded to by name. At home- when for no greater audience than my children I venture to extemporise the prayer at Family Worship, I am sometimes puzzled whether ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33_F1_p061.jpg) to introduce the names of individuals, or to adhere prudently to generalities. But the Mormons take it for granted that God knows our familiar names and titles; and will ask a blessing on "thy servant Colonel Jonathan P. Hitchcock, Jr." where I would spend a minute or two in devising a periphra- -sis. I liked this when I became used to it, and could join in with some knowledge of the circumstances of those we prayed for; particularly as the year drew on, and the whole people <20 Davis> were in suspense awaiting the action of Congress affecting them. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33_F1_p063.jpg) After leaving Payson we rounded the head of Utah Lake, and climbed slowly up the gentle ascent be- -tween its basin and Juab Valley. The level surface over which we travelled was strewn with cobble-stone, with here and there a deep pool of clear water. Such pools abound in Utah this part of Utah, many of them are considerably larger than they appear to the passer-by. The margin is overgrown by a coarse strong grass, whose roots mat together and gradually encroach upon the surface, forming in time a floating edge, strong enough to bear a man. Cattle however, coming down to drink, overweight it, and falling in are frequently drowned. My attention was called to three particu- -larly, stated by a sworn accuser of the Mormons to have been selected by larly, said to have been selected by Mr. William Hickman, a sworn accuser of the Mormons for the purpose of conducting certain choice noyades ordered of him by Brigham Young. To believe the story‑the dead thrown into these pools rose to the surface of the water, and rolled round and round for weeks! ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33_F1_p065.jpg) Savage My husband assured me that the Juab Valley was a charming green plain in summer, and pointed out that even now in December it was dotted with herds of cattle among the sage brush. But I could not imagine its possible loveliness at any season. At a doleful looking ranch‑Panyan Springs, where we paused to let our horses drink, a group of teamsters had kindled a fire, and stood warming themselves over it. Among them was our servant, his natural ebony turned clay colour by the icy wind that came rushing down from Mt. Nebo's 12000 feet of altitude. The snowy peaks of this glorious moun- -tain glistened on our horizon day after day until we crossed the Rim of the Basin. At another watering-place, Santaquin, I think, somewhat above the general level of the plain, we saw quite a number of white-topped wagons ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33_F1_p067.jpg) slowly toiling along the dusty track below us. Some lighter ones turned aside, as we ourselves frequently did, to drive through the aromatic sage- -brush. There was scarcely more need to keep the road than there would have It scarcely afforded more obstruction to the wheels than grass would have done. But while we were standing at the watering trough, up rolled one of the coaches of the Gilmore Stage Line. I noticed the half-tipsy mirth on the countenances of the driver and the two red faced passengers, who were leaning out of the win- -dow watching his movements. By a skilfully given pull of the reins, he steered his heavy wagon right against the hub of our front wheel, and then drove off laughing. Unfortunately for the joke, however, the villagers beyond stopped his team, and he came back, crestfallen, to apologize. It was undoubtedly meant as an insult to the Mormon leader, in whose ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33_F1_p069.jpg) well-known carriage, however, the only Gentiles of the party happened to be seated. President Young received his excuses with dignity, instead of "blowing him up", as a more impetuous friend of mine was ready to do. Our carriage was examined, and pro- -nounced still fit for work; but it took some hours at our next stopping place to repair the damage. The people of the village complained that this was a favorite amusement of the coaches near this point, where the Mormon travel coincides with that to the Nevada mining regions. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33_F1_p071.jpg) Among the groups gathered around the carriages, many eagerly claimed K's recognition. A sturdy red-headed man, thrusting both his tanned sinewy brown hands through the carriage window, shook T’s hand ana mine and the children’s, all at once, it seemed. "My dear", says T. to me, "this is my old friend Lot Smith. You know him well by name!" I tried very hard to look as if I did; but T., with all his virtues, sometimes puts me in an embar- -rassing position by introducing me with the same form of words to some "old friend" whose name he has clean forgotten, and trusts I shall find out incidentally for him. Now, he had the name; but whether he remembered anything more, I doubted. "Lot Smith, Lot Smith?" Naturally, being in Utah, my thoughts flew to the late Joseph, and I mentally enumerated the ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33_F1_p073.jpg) scions of th[-]t house, whose photographs had been brought us by his gigantic young kinsman Samuel. No: there was not Lot among them. "And so you are content to be a quiet farmer at "Bountiful"? T. was saying, as I gave up my researches among the Smiths. "And so you are contended to be a quiet citizen since you came back from the wars?" retorted the other. "No, indeed, Colonel, I'm just waitin' the word, I'm expectin' to hear of that there Expe- -dition to the Arctics, and when you're ready I am. We'll have real times like you had in the snows out by Bridger in '58." Oh, to be sure! Now I had him! In '57 when the Government Army Trains were stampeded and wagons burnt it was Lot Smith who was accused of being the hero of the adventure . And this same ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33_F1_p075.jpg) thickest steady-looking farmer was the same man of whom the story runs that ❡ when he was a mem- -ber of the Mormon Battalion in Mexico or Lower California he put down a bull-fight. ❡ He told the Spaniards that it was an exhibition as cow- -ardly as it was cruel, and that if they wanted to show their pluck, they shouldn’t kill the bull, but ride it. "No man may ride a maddened bull!" said the Dons. "One man will!" he retorted. And leap- ing on the neck of a bellowing quadruped they had just brought in, he rode it round the ring, holding on by its horns, until a fa- -vouring toss landed him in the canopied box of the Alcalde's family. As we drove on, T. told me of other ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33_F1_p077.jpg) adventures of Lot's, but I was weary and de- pressed and they made little impression on my mind. The scattered settlements hereabout looked poor, and more in the Irish mud-cabin style than those we had passed before. Yet the wide unpaved streets were bordered with cottonwoods, and each house was set in its am- -ple orchard of young fruit-trees, while water flowed through irrigating channels, suggesting the expenditure of much patient toil before ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33_F1_p079.jpg) the plantations had been successful. C Waters Each settlement has its open central square; in the later ones unfenced, but in the earlier ones surrounded by a crumbling wall of adobe and cobble-stone, the quondam "fort", or rather "corral", for protection against Indians. In the poorer settle- -ments their assemblages for religious or patriotic pur- -poses (with them convertible terms,) are still held in great open sheds, roofed only with woven boughs, called "boweries", which stand in the midst of these Central Squares. Even now, though the people say they are safe from Indians, I noticed that the tithing and farm-house yards were surrounded by walls or by strong wattled fences or stockades. The hay-stacks in the dry, pure air, had taken a bright straw-colour outside, but where they were cut down into for the cattle were of a green almost as vivid as that of new-cut mown grass. Sometimes it was not piled in stacks but laid upon a stout pole framework so as to form the roof and sides of a shelter for the cattle against the wind! ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33_F1_p081.jpg) I know; that is I have been told, that the scenery between Payson and Nephi, is fine– mountains near and far distant keeping up with us all the way. But I can't say that I appreciated it. The behaviour of the rude men at Santaquin had put me out of temper–my lot in life having up to that time been cast where such insolence in a lady's presence would not escaped chastisement. And, as generally happens in such moods, I gave most attention to the sights most immediately under our carriage windows. Now the wheels glided ran noiselessly: and now they jolted roughly over coarse pebbles and gravel. The sky clouded over, too; and its dull gray met the gray of the uninteresting plain with its unvarying shabby growth of arte wormwood, no twig of which seems to have a natural termination, but to have been ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33_F1_p083.jpg) bent round and twisted or bitten off. Desert Towards nightfall, as our weary horses dragged us on to the close of the long day's journey, the little hills we had seen in the distance ahead began to tower up tall mountains; which looming up directly above us hid the still higher snowy peaks beyond. A cluster of houses and fenced gardens nestling in their shelter was pointed out as Nephi. We saw smokes away up on one of the heights above the town, which K. said were probably Indian fires; and the children and I felt with quickened pulse that we were nearing the pass into treacherous "Tab-i-yuna's" country. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33_F1_p085.jpg) Nephi I could see little of Nephi in the gathering darkness: it was evidently smaller than Provo. The carriages halted on entering the town, and sepa -rated company. Ours was driven rapidly up a cross street to a plain adobe house, standing by itself. Lights shone from every door and window; the father of the family stood waiting to help us out of the carriage, and the wives and children greeted us warmly as we crossed the threshold. We were first ushered into a large bedroom on the ground floor, where a noble pitch-pine fire was blazing; and two well-cushioned rocking chairs were drawn forward for us, while half a dozen hospitable children took off my boys' wrappings, as the mother disembarrassed me of mine. Then we were left to rest, and begged to feel ourselves at home. Our present entertainers, the Steerforths were ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33_F1_p087.jpg) English people. There were two wives, and a num- -ber of children, girls of all sizes down to the smallest elf that ever walked, and one sturdy open-faced boy who speedily "fellowshipped" with my little lads, and carried them off, after supper, to the great kitchen to see their playmate, Lehi the Indian boy. After supper! To this day when we have any special dainty at home, Evan and Will exclaim that it reminds them of the Steerforth's, and describe the cosy dining-room, with the warm fire-light playing on the table-equipage, and the various good things that com- -posed, in Yorkshire style, the hungry little travellers' "tea-dinner". One of the wives sat down to table, and one waited upon us, with the aid of the two elder girls. There was a young schoolmaster there, too, who had made his home with the Steerforths since his parents died, and whose love of their quiet domestic life ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33_F1_p089.jpg) was duly praised by the Mistresses S. when he left the room. But I thought that the sweet face of "our eldest" —"Nöe", I think they called her—might perhaps share the credit of the long ten-mile ride on Friday evening from his school to Nephi, and the star -light journey back which it cost the youthful peda- -gogue on Monday morning. May 12th 1873 My intercourse with the Steerforths made a strong impression on me. We staid longer at their house than at any other on our tour, and it was difficult not to be influenced by their simple kindliness of heart and unaffected enthusiasm. Our conversation the evening of our arrival turned chiefly on our hostesses' experience of pioneer life. Mrs Mary was the chief speaker, but Mrs Sarah, a pale little lady, dark haired and black-eyed, put in a quiet word of acquiescence, or sug- -gested an anecdote now and then. She was from Yorkshire. Mrs Mary was a Herefordshire woman, tall, rosy, brown-haired and blue eyed. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33_F1_p091.jpg) I wonder whether the Mormon men evince any marked peculiarity of taste in the selection of wives. Widowers with us are wont to profess that they discern a resem- -blance in the lady upon whom a second choice falls, to the dear departed. I asked a Mormon woman at Salt Lake howpitionas , and she answered that in her opinion, men had no taste. "In our case", she said, "there are five of us unusually tall, and two very short; but the rest—(she did not say how many there were,) "are of an ordinary height, and we are all different in looks, disposition and age." In the Steerforth menage, the wives were exceed- -ingly unlike each other.–The husband was of a Manx family, long resident in Yorkshire. He had joined the Mormons in early youth with his mother, and they had been disowned by his fam- -ily, well-to-do English people. He had pros- -pered so well in Utah, however, that the family had ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33_F1_p093.jpg) now made overtures of reconciliation, and a bachelor "Uncle Lillivick" was coming out to make them a visit. The Steerforths were among the first Mor- -mons who came out to Utah. Only a select band of 143 men headed by Brigham Young in person had preceded them. These pioneers had planted posts along their route with rough boxes nailed to them containing information regarding the distances to wood, water and grass, and these guide posts were slowly tracked out and followed by the long train of ox-wagons, freighted with the exiles from Nauvoo, women, children and invalids. There were a few men who drove and acted as guards, but the team- -sters were principally women and young boys. Our government had invited the Mormons, as a test of their loyalty. Mrs Mary said, to furnish volunteers ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33_F1_p095.jpg) -unteers for the war then going on with Mexico. The Mormons raised a battalion, five hundred strong, containing most of the strong young men who should have escorted the exiles, and they were gone twenty months, reaching Salt Lake Valley, she told me, from the then almost unknown Alta California. Some found that their wives and infants had perished from the sufferings they had had to undergone; others found them estab- -lished in tiny homes, longingly awaiting them. I asked Mrs Mary whether the band of exiles knew where they were to go. Had the pio- -neers returned? "No," she said, "We heard from time to time how they were faring, from the post-office boxes, but that was all we knew." "Were you long on the journey?" "Very long," she said, but we kept cheerful, knowing the ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33_F1_p097.jpg) Lord was with us. But you can think what we felt when we came into the mountains, and word was passed one day from wagon to wagon, that Brother Young and the other pioneers were in sight, coming back to meet us! They brought new that they had chosen the spot for us to settle, and planted seed corn there. It was beautiful moonlight weather, and we had a dance and prayers and songs of thankfulness that night, by the light of the moon." "Were you able to use the corn they had planted?" I asked. "No; we saved it for next year, as far as we could. We brought some with us, and ground it up at a rough little mill we had on City Creek. I wore out five veils sifting flour. At first we set aside what would not pass through, but we were glad to use it all, with the bran, long before the new ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33_F1_p099.jpg) harvest was gathered." "Did you suffer from hunger when you first entered the Valley?" I enquired. "No," she answered, "not exactly. We always had something to eat, though the poor children used to long for the time when they might eat as hearty a meal as they wanted. We had to reckon so closely how much we could allow for each meal that we never rose up from one with our hunger satisfied. But as there was no variety of food, our appetites were less tempted. Where the water was good: we drank a good deal of it: where it was not we boiled it. With a little milk we could make cambric tea, which was found to be one of the best remedies for Hunger, taken hot and with a little spice or aromatic herbs to flavour it." "But that is suffering!" "I call that suffering" "Not what a Mormon would call by that name," said little Mrs Sarah’s quiet voice. "Mary," she added, "tell Mrs T. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33_F1_p101.jpg) about the dark days: tell her of '47 "the winter before." "I can never call them our dark days, Sister" she rejoined. "We were starving: we were dying: suffering was then consuming Life itself: but it was that which gave its brightness to the flame. The flame of true Religion was burning then. God was with this People. I would give a thousand days of the present luxury and folly to bring back one of them." * She said this and more, with a voice expressive of deep emotion. I did not understand what wrong key I had struck: but I turned back the dialogue "When was it that you got enough at last?" I asked. "Well," she answered, "in August 1848 *Doubt. Explain this? ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33_F1_p103.jpg) "Well;" she said, "in August 1848, a year after the Pioneers came out, when the first harvest of the Salt Lake farms was gathered in, we made a great day of rejoicing before the Lord. We had long tables set out in the open air, under "boweries", and all the women and girls were busy baking, broiling stewing and roasting. Every stranger in the settlement (and there were a good many on their way to California,) was made welcome to as much as he could eat, and then in the evening we had dancing and singing that lasted all night. We dismissed all care for the time, and made it a day of pure thanksgiving. We had to pinch somewhat after that, but the ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33_F1_p105.jpg) worst was over. Our family did not stay very long in the Valley, for Mr. Steerforth was one of the first appointed to come down here to Salt Creek. "Why do you call this place Salt Creek" I asked. "Our creek water is salt. There is a salt mountain up the cañon, and there is a good deal sold from here, and of course the Gentiles don't like to use our names for places when they can help. Use others and be understood.” I inquired about the smokes that we had seen above Nephi as we approached, and Mrs Mary said that they were kindled by Indians. They had been there two days. "Are you not afraid?" "Oh no, the Indians are perfectly friendly now." "How long is it since they molested any one belonging to this settlement?""Well;" she answered tranquilly, "no one to speak of these three months, and then it was only one man. <"Brother Blank, who was out alone, against counsel. It was last October> He went up the cañon last October to haul down some fire wood ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33_F1_p107.jpg) taking his little boy along. The valley is very narrow, and in some places rocks overhang the road. The Indians fired right down upon him. They wounded the boy too, but he escaped. Probably they wanted the horses only, for they could have caught Phineas if they had tried." "Do you suppose they had any special motive," I inquired, "beyond coveting the horses?" "Brother Hart had had stock stolen, and was known by the Indians to be vexed about it. He has left a widow, poor fellow, and young children." ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33_F1_p109.jpg) Savage A visiter remarked that it was Tab-i-yuna who was supposed to have killed him , and that Kanosh, the friendly Pahvant Chief, accused him of it. Mrs Sarah said that although their family had been compelled to move off in former times by the Indians, and often to ’’go into the Fort", they felt per- fectly safe now since the San Pete settlements were between them and Tab-i-yuna. Now, I had heard before leaving Salt Lake that Tabi-yuna had threatened war unless black-mail was paid, and I knew that this had been refused. I had learned too, that there was an undefended pass between his country and Nephi; but I thought it kindest not to alarm my kind hostesses with my fears. Both women They went on to tell me of a visit Tabi-yuna had made them in the summer with his band. We I have heard my English friends with country ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33_F1_p111.jpg) places, complain of gypsy bands strolling through the country, camping here and there, pilfering from friend or foe. But their grievance is a bagatelle compared to that the Mormons endure under the inflic- -tion of a visit from the Indians; who come with the appetites of poor relations and the irritability of gouty rich ones with money to leave. They come in a swarm: their ponies eat into the golden grain stacks to their very centres: the Mormon women are tired out baking for the masters, while the squaws hang about the kitchens watching for scraps. "The are glad enough, poor creatures," cried pretty Noy ,"of a chance to carry water or do any drudge work to repay us for gentle treatment; but the men; the insolent young braves and warriors, who expect the Sisters to wait on them, and never thank them by a look. I sometimes wonder how Mother and ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33_F1_p113.jpg) the rest can stand it." "They often mean better than they are able to show," pleaded Mrs Mary. "I had an old Shoshone' squaw, the wife of Baptiste the Ute Medicine man," she said turning to me, "who washed for us for several years, and was as honest as the day. One morning she came, kissed the children and cried over them, and made signs that we must all go, and seemed as if she was in terror of being seen or over- -heard, yet anxious to make us promise to leave. We did not understand why she was so earnest, for the report was that the Indians were quiet. "We had had a regular guard then, for there had been Indian alarms in the summer; but as we understood that no hostile Indians were near, ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33_F1_p115.jpg) their vigilance had relaxed. Still, the men never went afield without carrying their guns. That day one had left his gun while he went to drink at a brook. he saw no one either going or coming back, but he found two arrows had been fixed crosswise between the ramrod and the barrel of his gun as a warning from a friendly Indian. Such warnings were often given by those them to show us how little we guessed their nearness; but half the time we our people did not understand their meaning, and they dared not give its to us more plainly. "It happened," she resumed, " that the next day was a Sunday. I could not go to meeting, having a bad headache. As I sat by the window reading my Bible, I saw Indians come steal- -ing by until they completely surrounded the church. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33_F1_p117.jpg) They were all armed, and I was too much terrified to leave my seat either to hide myself or to make an effort to warn the congregation. Baptiste was leader of the band, and after a few minutes he stripped and danced into the church naked." "Oh," I exclaimed involuntarily, "what did he do that for?" "I wondered too," she answered, "but I learned that it was done to banter them—that is," she ex- -plained, replying to my look of interrogation—"to insult them by indecent behaviour, and make them turn him out. That would have given him an excuse to work himself and his band into a fighting rage. That’s the way with the poor creatures, you know. Some of their grandest warriors seem to need to work themselves up into a kind of hysterical passion before they are brave enough to attack our people when ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33_F1_p119.jpg) they see them armed but perfectly quiet. Baptiste was disappointed. One of the brethren sitting near the window bethought himself to look out, and seeing the armed Indians warned the rest. So they took no notice of Baptiste, but continued the services, only singing a little louder in the hymn parts, perhaps, and Baptiste stole softly away, out, and took his band away." "Some say," she interruped herself with a smile, "that he thought that a great "medicine" was going on, and considering himself a brother of the craft, withdrew from courtesy. Whatever his motive was, we took it as a warning; the settlers were all withdrawn into the fort, and three days after, the biggest Indian war we ever had in the territory, broke out. Some of our dearest friends were its earliest victims." ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33_F1_p121.jpg) I had heard in Salt Lake City of the power of Bap- -tiste's "medicine", and observing the interest my questions evinced in the subject, the Steerforths brought round to me a neighbour, who had been an eyewitness of one of his performances. I think I have from him a reliably circumstantial account of the transaction of a Ute pow-wow cure. According to this citizen's relation, he chanced to be in Wah-ker's camp when a noted Indian–I think he said Arrah-pene was taken alarmingly ill. Wah-ker despatched a man and boy to bring Baptiste. They took two ponies with them, and left the camp at three in the morning for Baptiste's lodge fifty miles off. Half way there the man halted with one of the po- -nies, sending the boy on with the other. Baptiste and his squaw, carrying a "bag of needments", made such good speed with the aid of the pony relays that ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33_F1_p123.jpg) they reached Wah-ker's camp before sunset. Enos Baptiste entered the sick man's lodge alone, but several persons and among them my informant peeped in through the opening between the skins; and, after Baptiste's attention was absorbed in his patient, they stole inside the lodge. Arrahpene lay on the ground in a stupor, seeming to take no notice of the conjuror. Baptiste now took from his bag sundry nondescript articles which he hung solemnly upon a pole, and kindled a fire of sticks in the centre of the lodge, on which from time to time he threw a powder from his pouch which made a noisome smell. He then began walking round and round his patient, as the mesmerists are said to do, alway's keeping his old witch's face toward him. But, as if finding them of no avail, he threw himself suddenly upon Arrahpene ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33_F1_p125.jpg) clasped him round the body and rolled him from side to side. At this exercise he perservered until the spectators grew tired of watching him. At intervals he would jump up, chant- ing a tuneless windy song, and snatch at one of the magic rags he had hung to the lodge-pole, appear- -ing not to notice that he stepped through the burning fire to reach it. After this he stroked his hands, now down his own sides, and now down Arrahpene's. Once more he threw himself on the body—this time as if he wanted to squeeze the life out. Then he swallowed took a bit of thick red flannel; and after each few minutes spat it up, examined it as it lay in his palm, swallowed it again after shaking his head, and resumed the rolling. Presently, he divested himself of all his clothing, both the sick man and himself being bathed in perspiration, and the invalid showing other signs that life was coming back to him ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33_F1_p127.jpg) in force. Again and again he swallowed and threw up the bit of red flannel, and muttered over it: and again and again rolled on the sick man, still singing his queer song, and jumping up at intervals to fumble with the "medicine" rags. At last it was over- a final diagnosis of the red flannel, changed to a repulsive slimy mass, satisfied him. He turned, angrily kicked aside the ashes of the fire, scraped a hole in the ground underneath, and there buried the flannel, into which the evil spirit of the disease had passed. All that remained was for him to rake the ashes over the spot again, shake himself and resume his clothing. The tent flap was thrown open, the fresh air let in. The sick man thereupon rose and left the lodge with Baptiste; perfectly restored to health. I asked my informant if he was satisfied of the genuineness of the cure. He insisted that ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33_F1_p129.jpg) there could be no doubt of it. "The Indians, he said, "are very superstitious, and help the effort of their medicine-man by implicit faith in his power. But they have still more faith respect for our real miracles. Even those who have not embraced the faith think that our "medicine", as they call "the gifts" is more powerful than theirs." While I was at Nephi, I saw a Mormon "sister" who had just returned from Tab-i-yuna's camp, where she had spent several days and nights, nursing a sick squaw of his band. She was quite ill her- -self from having been so long in the close air and dirt of a little skin-lodge, but her countenance lit up, and she raised her voice loud and high in announcing the creature's perfect cure, to the members of the Female Relief Society. She seemed to me un- -reasonably elated over it. I found that it was ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33_F1_p131.jpg) on account of the moral effect her recovery was expected to produce on the "Lamanites". Hitherto, Tab-i-yuna had been a most "stubborn Jew," and now, for the first time, and when they were in dread of him, he had sent of his own ac- -cord for the brethren, desiring them to "lay hands upon" the squaw and "minister to her". They had gladly com- plied, carrying the good sister with them, and leaving her with the squaw; who took a turn for the better, they said, from the time the brethren laid hands upon her. The effect of superstitious credulity upon her mind did something, I suppose, and kind nursing did something; and I presume the Mormons were not altogether wrong in thinking that God's blessing did most of all. ? Even I felt free to admit that Mormon Christianity would be a better belief than Tabi-yuna's heathen superstition, –or the moral code our soldiers teach in their intercourse with the Indians. Ugh! If I were a man how I would speak out against the beasts ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33_F1_p133.jpg) The Steerforths had often seen both Wah-ker, and Arrah-pene, his brother-in-law and successor. Old Baptiste was a relative of Wah-ker's too, Mrs Mary said, and then she took me into the kitchen to see the adopted son of the family, "Lehi", one of the Pi-ede children whom Wah-ker had captured in his infancy. Lehi sat in the warmest corner of the ruddy hearth, and the little Steerforths were coaxing him to tell my boys about his days of slavery. He, Like most of the Indians who have grown up in the Mormon families, was sickly. Rheumatism, dys- -pepsia and consumption seem to follow the change of diet and more sedentary life. He would not talk while I stayed there although he looked pleased when Mrs Steerforth promised him that K. would play for him on the violin he had bought, but had not yet learned to use. After I was gone he described to my boys how Wah-ker's band used to amuse ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33_F1_p134.jpg) Our conversation that evening turned on the difficulties of their pioneer life ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33_F1_p135.jpg) themselves in terrifying him. Sometimes they buried the poor child up to the chin in earth, and leaving food and water just outside his reach, informed him that the band were going to move away. At other times of leisure , the young braves would send for him, and telling him that the time had come to kill him, would take aim. When they found that he did not flinch, they would say he might go this time. The sweet little Indian boys of the band too were allowed to exercise their infant skill in archery upon him, the game being to see how near they could come to hitting without ac- -tually piercing him. He showed the children the scars on his back and legs and feet where they used to try his eno powers of endurance, by playfully scoring him with a burning stick. No wonder that Lehi used to hide under the bed at Mrs Steerforth's whenever an Indian came near, just ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33_F1_p137.jpg) as a dog hides, who has once been shot at, when he hears a gun fired. from a man with a gun. Another of Wah-ker’s infant captives, h was adopted into President Young's family. She is now a sedate woman with a great horror of Indians. I was told that when she was sold, a young brother of hers, remaining on hand after the rest of the captives were disposed of, was thrown alive into the Boiling Spring a mile north of Salt Lake City. President Young himself, who ought to know I sup- -pose, contradicted this story. he did not think it was her brother in the first place, and in the second, he was killed before he was thrown in! I found the Mormons disposed to justify and excuse the Indians more than I thought the squalid creatures deserved; and if Wah-ker didn’t boil that boy alive, he com- -mitted enough atrocities to justify the terror in which the name of the great Ute Chief was held among the subordinate tribes. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33_F1_p139.jpg) Davis Mrs Mary's Indian stories made me nervous; and on retiring to rest, after extinguishing my candle, I observed, with small satisfaction, that I was to see distinctly through the window at the foot of my bed whenever I should wake in the night the baleful red glow of the Pi-ute fires. The thought itself kept me watching them. I fancied I could see them brighten from time to time and felt sure that if I fell asleep I would dream of Robinson's Crusoe’s cannibals dancing round their flaming fagots. Instead, I figured at two home-funerals as chief mourner! It was a relief to wake to the peacefulness of a Sunday morning with bright sunshine streaming through the window. After breakfast we I atteneded a Mormon Meeting for the first time. I wondered whether Mr. Steerforth would walk to church alone, or between his wives. But they both accompanied me while their husband (!) formed one of a ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33_F1_p141.jpg) group who escorted K. So there was no test of preference like that which mocks the tomb of Lord Burleigh. We soon mingled with a stream of neatly dressed people all going the same way, my children undevoutly rambling from one side of the road to the other. They called my attention to a tamed magpie whose remarks the Little Steerforths declared to be worth hearing. But we paused in vain: he wouldn't show off. I had not known that the magpie was a native of Utah: I had supposed him a peculiarly English bird. We passed a heap of smouldering brands–sticks and ragged strips of cedar bark. I had fancied that a fire of "cedarn wood" would give out a scent like san- -dal wood. The perfume resembled that of the fustiest of greasy woollen clothes, and was strong enough to poison the sweet air for quite a distance. I got rid of more than one pre-conceived idea that morning. of none more completely than the ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33_F1_p143.jpg) prevailing [---]r respecting the looks of a congregation of Mormon women. I was so placed that I had a good opportunity for looking around, and began at once to seek for the "hopeless, dissatisfied, worn" expression travellers' books had bidden me read on their faces. But I found that they wore very much the same countenances as the American women of any large rustic and village congre- -gation. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33_F1_p145.jpg) As we grow older most of us pass through trials enough to score their marks upon cheek and brow, but ill-health and ill-temper plough furrows quite as deep as guilt or misfortune. Take your own congregation, the sad histories of whose memories many of whose members you know, and see whether you can read the tragedies of their lives beneath the composed Sunday expression their faces wear. Happy or unhappy, I could not read histories on the upturned faces at Nephi. I looked on old women's sunburned and wrinkled visages, half- -hidden in their clean sunbonnets; decent, matronly countenances framed in big old-fashioned bonnets; bright, young eyes and rosy cheeks under coquettish round hats; you may see thousands of women similar to them in our country churches. The irrepressible Baby was present in greater ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33_F1_p147.jpg) force than with us, and the element young man wonderfully largely represented. This is always the observable in Utah meetings. The services were different from our own. They followed a prescribed order, I judged from the readiness with which the congregation adapted itself to them: but in a cer- -tain unceremonious manner, not irreverent, but which somehow seemed to be protesting against formalism. A number of men, Bishops and Elders, I suppose, sat on a large platform. On a table covered with a white cloth were a couple of jugs of water, two plates of bread and a common case–knife. A small reading-desk held a plainly bound Bible ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33_F1_p149.jpg) a hymnbook and a Book of Mormon. There was a low buzz of conversation among the audience for some minutes after we took our seats. Then One of the Bishops said, "Brethren and Sisters will please come to order." Then came a prayer, then a very well-sung hymn, in which the congregation was led by a choir of fourteen, and then three or four addresses, all of a moral and practical character. There were no texts given out, though an occasional allusions were made to passages in either the Bible or the Book of Mormon: as "If my memory serves me, the Bible says: I guess it is somewhere in Isaiah" so and so. They gave the sense, but not the literal rendering of the words as far as my memory served me. The Different speakers-all men- shared the services among them, but I could not see whether President ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33_F1_p151.jpg) Young directed who should speak, or whether one of the Bishops who seemed to invite each orator to address the Meeting, did it of his own accord. There were no robes, gowns, altars, flowers, or other devices to attract attention to the performances, but it seemed unnecessary. The audience seemed gravely intent upon what was said, although I noticed a distinct change of expression pass over the assembly when a man of a winning and beautiful countenance, rose to speak. When he turned, he was seen to be hump-backed. We often heard him speak afterwards, and my children grew so fond of his quaint picturesque eloquence that they were always eager to go even to "week-day meeting" on the chance of hearing Elder Potto. preach. He began by an allusion to his deformity as a cross which he found hardest to bear when ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33_F1_p153.jpg) he had to face an audience. But, he said, he knew that he could not profit them if he spoke in the spirit and person of William C. Potto, and he hoped that the brethren and sisters would pray for him, that the Spirit of God might descend upon him, and speak through his feeble voice. He paused some moments: the people prayed in silence–or seemed to do so, before he went on with his address. I wish that I had taken notes of his sermon. It turned chiefly upon the duties of children to parents. It was replete with familiar illustration–often collo- -quial, and never wandering from the precepts he designed to teach, but belonged to the class of discourses it is hard to report. He closed by a curious account of his own spiritual conversion. It began like a Meth- -odist "Experience”–became psychological: afterwards touched on the miraculous. A Mormon is never in- -convenienced by his story turning on a miracle. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33_F1_p155.jpg) Other speakers followed more briefly. When one of them was under full headway: he paused abruptly—as if he had been ordered to do so—and the bread was blessed in the following words, which I found afterwards were taken from the "Book of Mor- -mon 4th Chapter of Moroni." Oh God, the Eternal Father, we ask Thee, in the name of thy Son Jesus Christ, to bless and sanctify this bread to the souls of all who may partake of it, that they may eat in remembrance of the body of thy Son, and be witness unto Thee, Oh God the Eternal Father, that they are willing to take upon them the name of thy Son, and always remember Him, and keep His commandments which He hath given them, that they may always have His Spirit to be with them. Amen." ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33_F1_p157.jpg) The bread, already in slices, was then broken and handed to every one, children included. It occupied a long time, but the speaker had resumed his address. Then the water was blessed, thus— "Oh God, the Eternal Father, we ask Thee, in the name of Thy Son Jesus Christ, to bless and sanctify this water to the souls of all who drink of it, that they may do it in remembrance of the blood of thy Son, which was shed for them, that they may witness unto Thee, Oh God the Eternal Father, that they do always remember Him, that they may have His Spirit to be with them. Amen!" ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33_F1_p159.jpg) 82 While the water was being handed round, another hymn was sung, one of those beautiful fugues of which the Mormons are so fond. Then the services were concluded and with a blessing, and the con- -gregation dispersed, interchanging greetings at the door. I spent the afternoon with my two hostesses; but K. was taken to inspect a Mon- -ster Sunday School where he found the pupils well drilled in the Bible and the Book of Mormon.– It is a production which sounds not unlike the Historical Books of the Old Testa- -ment in the ears of those who "read their chapters" in the mechanical way in which an ignorant Catholic tells his beads. While I talked with the women over the glowing fire I was idly wondering to which ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33_F1_p161.jpg) of the Steerforth wives the different children belonged. The wee nursling and Nöe were easily assigned to the Little Mother, but I puzzled myself vainly over the others who gathered about the pair with precisely the same caressing familiarity that we are accustomed to recognise as the unmistakable mark of but one tie. When I mentioned my diffi- -culty, they smiled, and asked me to point out those whom I thought belonged to each. I did so: and they laughed outright, telling me that the seven children belonged to the Little Mother. She had also lost five. "Aunt Mary" was childless; in name, but I never saw a mother of whom children seemed to be fonder, or who took more pride in the promising of her natural offspring. than ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33_F1_p163.jpg) Enos It was she who followed me to my room the first night, and while she saw to my com- -fort, gave me incidental anecdotes in praise of "our girls." The bed-hangings were trimmed with finely-knitted lace, and assuming it to be her own work, I had complimented her upon it in the morning. She disclaimed it, "Sister Sarah really is wonderfully handy; but I have no turn that way." –She apologised for her sister-wife's absence from the breakfast room. "The baby breaks her rest so much at night, that the only thing to preserve her health is to let her lie late in the morning. The girls, particularly Mary, are so useful! They can prepare the meal with very little assistance from me." The Sunday afternoon, when the Little ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33_F1_p164.jpg) [The following is written upside down on the page] trimmed with finely knitted lace. I settled in my mind that this was Mrs Mary's work ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33_F1_p165.jpg) Mother happened to be talking with unusual energy, she brought little Mercy's head into violent contact with the stove-pipe. She looked distressed, and tried vainly to soothe it for a few minutes; but then laid the infant without a word in Aunt Mary's offered arms; where it nestled down and forgot its troubles as if used to that friendly shelter. The pair then pointed out to me the comfort to a simple family that there was in having two wives to lighten the labours and duties of the household, giving me a num- -ber of instances in proof. Mrs Mary further spoke of the friend- -ship that existed between these sister-wives as being closer than could be maintained be- -tween the most intimate friends living in ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33_F1_p167.jpg) different circumstances. "Even sisters by blood" she said, "are parted when they marry, by new interests independent of each other; and, fond as may be the affection that remains, the bond of daily habit and propinquity is broken. But in our home, each of us has a friend whose interests are identical with her own, who can share all the joys and troubles of the family–and to whom she can impart her feelings regarding its Head without fear of violating that sacred confi- -dence which may not be shared with any outside friend." more ludicrous?> This sounds ludicrous? I listened to it with perfect composure. I was under no temptation to laugh, with those two poor ladies looking into my face–inquiringly–even when they spoke most confidently of their solution of Life's problems. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33_F1_p169.jpg) "The pity of it, Iago!" Jan 23. The Steerforths were the first Mormon women who awakened sympathy in my breast, dissociated from an equally strong feeling of repulsion; but afterwards even when I was thrown among the Mormon Doras and Mrs Nicklebys, in their absurdest prattle about their family relations, some chord of Nature would be struck which would moved anything but a smile. One day in Salt Lake City I chanced to remark to a visitor that I had just seen a funeral pass my window. "Yes", she answered, "it was young Mrs R's. |<2>Did you know her? |She was a sweet little creature."| "No," I said, "Whose daughter was she?" Mrs D. mentioned the name, one well known to me, and continued, ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33_F1_p171.jpg) "She and her husband grew up little boy and girl-lovers, were engaged when she was thirteen, and married when she was sixteen, and now she is dead at seventeen, leaving a baby a few days old." "Poor little baby," said I, "Who is there to take care of it?" "Oh, the baby will do very well," Mrs D. replied. "Her mother will clothe and tend it; and, fortunately her father’s second wife had a baby the very day Mrs R. died, and she has undertaken to suckle both children. Yes, the baby will do very well: its the husband I pity." My heart not being very soft towards the woes of Mormon widowers, I hinted that perhaps the man would soon find consolation in another marriage." "Of course he will marry," she replied gravely," but that’s not it. I think a man who loses his partner is so much more helpless than a ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33_F1_p173.jpg) a woman. Of all the forlorn creatures, I think a man that has lost a wife is the forlornest. Like a hen with its head off, you know, Mrs K. He don't know what to do for himself nor for the children. There’s my husband, now." (a man twenty- -five years her senior), "He’s had three bereavements since we were married, and I’m sure you'd have pitied him! He seemed so lost, we" (we meaning the other wives!)" scarcely know how to com- -fort him. He had lost one wife just before I married him. She left four children, and I thought I never could love children of my own more. But, dear me, I found there was quite a new love for them when they came. I brought up my own little brothers and sisters, too, for mother died when I was thirteen, and left them to me, baby and all; and I do love children so dearly. To be sure, when my own own first baby was laid in my arms, I just laughed with pleasure, it was such a strange sweet feeling. Of course that is something dif- -ferent–a feeling, if it is love, is one that you can’t help and deserve no credit for having. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33_F1_p175.jpg) "He" (her Mr. D.) has a wife now who is childless, and she is so fond of my present baby (my ninth, he is:) that he loves her as much as he does me; all the dif- -ference is he calls me Mamma and her Katie. She says her feeling is the same as if he were her own, but I say she only hasn't experienced the other. I have left him with her since morning.” This is but one instance of many where I found women fostering the children of their husband's other wives; but it was only at the Steerforths that I was an inmate of the household long enough to know see, as I said, the unconsoious tokens of a tender intimacy between the wives themselves. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33_F1_p177.jpg) Chicken Crock The Sevier We parted from our friends at Nephi with unfeigned regret. By six o’dock, of a frosty starlight morning, we K's were roaming about the garden, punctual to the hour appointed for starting, our valises packed, breakfast–and family prayers– long over. But we did not leave for two good hours. Some one or other in so large a party was sure to be unpunctual, and for our mutual safety it was necessary to travel in company; and therefore we always waited for the laggards. During the early part of our drive there was little to interest us. On one side of the carriage we had the window drawn up, and the sun had not acquired power enough to thaw the rime off the glass: on the other, the plain spread out as on the last afternoon's journey, "wild and bare, ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33_F1_p179.jpg) 92 72 "Wide, wild and open to the air, Which had built up everywhere, An under-roof of doleful gray." There were no more teams for the Nevada mines in sight. Far ahead of us a light cloud of dust indicated President Young's carriage, seen across the desert like the smoke of a steamer at sea. A horseman rode back to bid us close up, for the other carriages toiled equally far behind us in the heavy sand. The children began to tire of the journey before it was fairly begun. As for me I picked up a book that seme one had thrust into the carriage as we were quitting Nephi. It was gaily bound, printed in worn type on coarse paper, much thumbed, and was entitled "Brigham Young's Destroying Angel" Being the Life, Confessions, and Startling Disclosures ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33_F1_p181.jpg) Of the Notorious Bill Hickman Written by Himself.” In the veracious pages of this work I read that my gentle looking host at Nephi had united with Mr. Hickman in murdering a party of six men. He had been particularly aided too, by the gentleman who had pressed us to dine with him the proceeding day, and whose wife’s savory fried chicken had been so highly extolled by those of our party who had accepted his hospitality. Mr. Hickman says they sank he and the two Mormons sank the bodies of two of their victims with stones tied to their feet, in one of those "bottomless springs” we had noticed before coming to Nephi. And our halt for at the Sevier crossing this day would be made at the spot where two others were killed! Mr. Hickman’s account is circumstantial, and he does not avoid blackening himself in the effort to ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33_F1_p183.jpg) to criminate others. It was a curious commentary on the sanguinary character of the Mormons, as described by him that he is living among them still. and was at Nephi only a few days before us. It was a singular experience to read Hickman's book in the company of the man whom it was written to accuse of being the head of a Band of Thugs; a man who was at that very time under bail for a heavier amount than was exacted of Jeff. Davis! A cry of delight from the children disturbed my studies caused me to look up. We had come to Chicken Creek, where there was a large pool fed by springs. The stream rushing out from it, cut its way round the side of a hill, leaping down many feet between banks fringed with long stalactites of ice. The sun pierced through the clouds, and sparkled on the water; little Mabel and my boys, leaving the carriages, rushed over the hilly ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33_F1_p185.jpg) ridge, as if wild with delight. We took the oppor- -tunity one and all, to warm ourselves by a stroll while the horses were being watered. ¶ Chicken Creek figures as the scene of a great Danite massacre: I expected the subject would be alluded to on our walk, but it was not. Then we began to climb the ascent which separates the Juab from the Sevier Valley, and from the summit looked back over the now sunlit plain, with Nebo still towering over all the other mountains on the horizon. Then, down one long slow descent after another, till we came to the Sevier River and halted at the crossing. The Sevier has no outlet: it sinks in the sands of the desert: not very far from where it rises: having described in its course a vast semi circular curve. Pete Country, where the Mormons under Joseph A. Young are organising new settlements. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33_F1_p187.jpg) There being no facilities for irrigation, the Mor- -mons have made no settlement at the Sevier Crossing, though there is what the children called "a cunning little plain" there, which, by the way, it yearly over- -flows. A few huts partly burrowed into the hill-side, and a shanty for the augmentation of the U.S. revenues, in front of which some Pioche teams had halted for refreshment: were planted on the further side of the stream. Our The horses were un- -harnessed to rest and feed; and we I rambled about with my boys. Although I did not believe one word of Hickman's accusations, I felt myself colour with a feeling that I wronged the kind people about me when I caught myself instinctively glancing at the bushes that fringed the bank for the place where Hickman had said the victims tried to hide themselves; and at the swift river into which, he said, the murderers ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33_F1_p189.jpg) th[---] to threw three of them. Then I returned to my carriage–and shared in the bountiful lunch provided for us by the Mistresses Steerforth: forgetful of Mr. Hickman and his accusations of their goodman. After dinner we toiled on steadily until after darkness set in, with no other adventure than that of seeing the four horses of a great Pioche wagon take fright, and, dashing down the rocky road, just in front missing Pres: Young's carriage, rush aside into a cañon down which we could hear them crash- -ing on the rocks. We had seen enough of our friend "Lo" to know who would be the wreckers of that broken cargo. It was nea dark when we reached our halting-place for the night. Scipio ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33_F1_p191.jpg) Scipio, or Round Valley, or Scipio Scipio, or Round Valley, ¶ is the poorest and newest of the settlements we stopped at, and has been much troubled with Indians. The Mormons say "troubled with Indians" as we might say "troubled with mosquitoes." No one had been killed for four years back, though cattle had been driven off that year, we were told. The Bishop came riding out to meet us, a handsome kindly-faced man, mounted on a horse that moved K's admiration. We were taken to the house of his second wife, a little one-roomed log-cabin with a lean-to behind, in which the cooking was done. The living-room was given up to us. Its main glory consisted in a wide chim- -ney place, on whose hearth a fire of great pine logs blazed that sent a ruddy glow over the whitewashed logs of the wall and canvas ceiling, and penetra- -ted every corner of the room with delicious light ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33_F1_p193.jpg) and warmth. There was a substantial bedstead in one corner, and curtains of old-fashioned chintz were tacked from the ceiling around it, as if it had been a four poster, and a neat patchwork counterpane covered the soft feath- -er bed. A good rag carpet was on the floor, clean, white curtains hung from at the windows, and clean, white covers, edged with knitted lace, covered the various bracket-shelves that supported the housewife's Bible, Book of Mormon, work-basket, looking glass, and a few simple ornaments. Two or three pretty good coloured prints hung on the walls. Then there was a mahogany bureau, a washstand, a rocking-chair, and half a dozen wooden ones, with a large chest on which the owner's name was painted (oddly enough it was the same as that of the notorious "blonde" leader of a shame -less troupe.) The small, round table was already spread for our supper, with cakes, preserves, and pies; and the fair Lydia was busily engaged ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33_F1_p195.jpg) in bringing in hot rolls, meat, tea and other good things, while a miniature of herself still fairer and rosier, about two years old, trotted beside her; now endeav- oring to re-arrange the table by upsetting plates, and now making shy overtures of friendship to my boys with the assistance of a blue-ribboned kitten. After our tea was over, the husband- Bishop came in from his other house , and with wife and baby withdrew to "go to meeting", leaving us in sole possession of the house. We heard no sound of their re-entering till morning, when our host came in to rouse up the smouldering fire. I have given this minute description of the furniture of the mansion of which I was house- -keeper for twelve hours, because it was a fair speci- -men of many of the humbler homes I visited in Utah. I have already remarked upon their unusual cleanliness, and have now only to note the absence of the colored prints of "Polly", "Nourmahal," and [--] : in "half-dress" common elsewhere. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33_F1_p197.jpg) The next time I visited Scipio was just at the breaking up of winter. Snow lay deep on the heights and in the narrow cañons, and Round Valley was an almost impassable quagmire of half frozen mud. Again and again the horses stopped and stood with drooping heads, and an air that said, "I really have taken the last step I can make. Now I'm going to lie down" and again and again they were coaxed for- -ward at a slower than funeral pace, before we finally halted in front of Bishop Thompson's. Our pretty hostess, "Aunt Lydia" was sick, a little girl said, opening the gate into the enclosure in which both houses stood, "and Mother expected us this time." The door was opened to admit us, by a slender, elegantly dressed young lady. "Mrs Thompson?" I inquired, hesitatingly. "No," she answered, smiling and blushing. "I am only a guest like yourself. Mrs Thompson will be ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33_F1_p199.jpg) here in a moment: Sister Lydia is sick, and Mrs Thompson thought some biscuits she had been baking would tempt her appetite, so she has run across with them. Here she is!" "Sister Loraina Thompson" looked like an elder sister of Mrs Lydia's, but was no relation. She had a large family of children, but seemed not in the least disconcerted by the addition to her household of our fellow-guest, her husband and baby, although she had to entertain Mr. Staines and young Kimball also; and to care for the invalid next door. My husband now entered with Mr. Joseph A. Young and his brother Mahonri, who had joined us the day before; and taking a wee baby from the arms of the lady who had opened the door, and whom he introduced as his wife. Mr. Young present- -ed the infant to K. as his namesake. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33_F1_p201.jpg) They had come across from the San Pete country to see us, and the baby was taking its first journey in the open air. It was a bright lively little thing, and lay on my knee basking in the warmth of the fire as we elders sat talking in one room, while Mrs Thompson prepared sup- -per in the other. She had a young girl to help her, but more than all, she had "faculty", and her meals were served with as much heat in them and coolness in herself, as if she had not both her rooms filled with guests and children. When I recollected how many bowls and pans and plates I use when I try to make cake, and what a mess of sticky things I leave the cook to clear up, I could not but express my wonder at her deft ways. She came in after her tea-things were washed up, and sat beside me with her knitting. She laughed when I praised her, saying that it was ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33_F1_p203.jpg) no wonder—she "had had a girl to help her these three weeks"—but she never found the children in her way; they were a help. And so they were, the little eldest unrobing the younger ones for bed, or waiting on the table without needing directions. They were well trained, as well as healthy rosy children, and a little creature who could scarcely speak plainly sat on my knee, and carolled like a lark "Up in the morning early," and "Put me in my little bed;" a still younger baby nodding an accompaniment with quite a good notion of the measure. This Mrs Thompson had grown up in the Mormon faith, our friend P. told me. Her mother died during the exodus, and she, then a mere child, had taken care of her younger brothers and sisters, and managed her father’s house—"wagon-hold –I suppose one should call it, without aid from any one. Indeed she continued to be her father's right hand until ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33_F1_p205.jpg) her marriage. Perhaps the rigorous training of circumstances in her youth made her consider what I thought such hard work, easy, when it was done in her own home, working for her own children and her pleasant-faced husband. Ought I to despise that woman? She cer- -tainly came up to Solomon's ideal of a virtuous wife. You would have despised her less, if you had felt the difference between her household and that of an- other woman at whose Stronghold of Freedom I halted the day afterwards. Above her house was exalted a pole bearing a candle box lid, on which was painted "Old Boor- -bun. Segars." Upon the roof lay old boots and shoes reluctant to be reduced to the rank of fertilisers, but giving token of what was to be seen inside. Entering the cabin I found that the dirt-begrimed window prevented the household ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33_F1_p207.jpg) from needing a curtain, and the smoke-blackened logs of wall and ceiling were in keeping with the the unmade bed and its tattered hangings. There was a very pretty baby here, too, which lay in its cradle and looked at me in silent wonder. The mother did no more. She never offered me a seat, nor the draught of water I had to ask for, and help myself to; merely remarking that she "hadn't no kind of a place for folks to come into. Her girl had left the place three weeks ago, and she warn’t going to stay among the Mormons, if she could get Him to quit, and go among Christian folks." She supposed of course that she was rude to a Mormon woman in me, and I confess that I did not claim her as a Chris- tian sister. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33_F1_p209.jpg) Of course it would be as unfair to select such a wife as a specimen of "Gentile" pioneer women , as the energetic and active Mrs Thompson, of the average of Mormon women. Ill health or indolence, and cheerful activity, are peculiar to neither orthodoxy nor heterodoxy. But a religious faith that animates the whole being, enabling a woman to be cheerful in spite of adverse circumstances, industrious in spite of sickness, loving God and her neighbour; and showing it by charity in word and deed; this faith above Doctrine I have found quite as often among Mormon as among other Christian women. We parted with Mrs Young at the Crossing of the River the morning after, and as we looked back upon the group just setting out over the snowy plain for their remote settlement, I felt profoundly sad. The refined-looking young creature, with her baby clasped in her arms, seemed no less proud [Written sideways in left margin] April 1873 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33_F1_p211.jpg) of it than her husband was of her. Yet it seemed a desolate prospect for her to journey over that lonely country to a rough new settlement among the savages. Her ladylike manner and quiet tones made the life before her seem doubly incongruous. Poor child, she has had to take her part in Life decidely, too, and is isolated from her people and kindred in more than mere geographical distance. Her father and mother have left the Church and Utah, and are among the most eloquent antagonists of Mormon- -ism, while she clings to the faith they taught her in her childhood. She seemed entirely contented, and praised her new home as much as if it lay in our green forest land, instead of among the dreary valleys of Utah. K. reminded me that our valleys too, were snow-covered at this season, and that the plains of which she spoke would soon be a grassy sea, abounding in beautiful flowers. But what can atone for the absence of trees in a landscape? ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33_F1_p213.jpg) Cedar Springs Fill more When we emerged from Round Valley, before descending into the Pahvant Country, we looked back upon a grand view. Here and there were silvery threads of the Sevier passing to its mysterious grave in the desert. The nearer mountains were devoid of snow and black and frowning, but on the far horizon the sun lit up a number of snowy peaks, Mt Nebo still visible highest of all and most beautiful. Then we came to Cedar Springs, a place on the "Bench," looking out over a plain: the nearer part grassy enough to be entitled to be called ranche ground, but melting away into the Sevier Desert- pure and simple. The little settlement itself was buried in fruit trees. Our day's journey carried us to Fillmore, the County seat of Millard. Both names were tributes of grat- itude by the Mormons to a man who had treated them fairly when they risked being "improved off the face of creation." They had then neither silver nor gold, ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33_F1_p215.jpg) nor shares in railroads or other corporations to "tip" him with; but in those days American statesmen were not all in the market, and the benefits they conferred were sometimes given without an extended palm. Millard Fillmore's town and county represent no money value to him, but the recorded thankfulness of a people should be worth something to the man as the days draw near in which he reckons up the deeds done in the body as they will appear in the eyes of posterity under the light of Heavenly Wisdom. must reckon up his deeds as they will appear in the light of Heavenly Wisdom. From Cedar Springs we had an escort of mounted citizens all the way to Fillmore; and from this time I noticed that we had company from each night's halting place, until we met friends coming out to meet us from the next one. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33_F1_p217.jpg) An abrupt descent into and out of the bed of Chalk Creek, brought us to Fillmore. I ought to have been impressed by Fillmore, formerly the Territorial Capital; I ought to have been reminded of the fact by the big, "red, granite" building we passed where the Territorial Legislature used to assemble. I ought to <70 Davis> have some idea of the size and population of the town; its schools, manufactures, and trading facilities. Honestly, this is all I remember. The place was on a rising ground above the plain, and was backed by peaked mountains. I remember that I was shown the big red building as we passed it, I remember driving through an orchard that clothed two hillsides, sloping to a rivulet, with three neat cottages embowered among the trees, the homes of Bishop McCollister. The orchar- I noticed that I noticed two cockney-looking villas in process of erection; having tower, bay window, bow window, dormer window, balcony ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33_F1_p219.jpg) verandah, recessed porch, and pseudo-Gothic roof, features enough to jade the eye without allowing it to rest upon a yard of unbroken surface. I remarked the contrast to the house opposite, where we halted, whose windows were a fleur de tête, and whose eaves projected scarcely six inches beyond the dull, unpointed brick walls; the only attempt at ornament being given by the hideous lands- -scapes on the painted window shades. Some Indians lounged against the fence, kicking the dust lazily. I am ashamed to confess that I remember no more of the external appearance of Fillmore, and there exists no "Murray" for Utah where I might "cram". The mistress of the house stood in the door- -way; a rather large, loosely-built matron, "standing with reluctant feet" on the uninteresting border land, between middle and old age. She rather made way for us to enter, than welcomed us. into her house. We found the parlour in keeping with ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33_F1_p221.jpg) the exterior of the house, and heated almost to suffo- -cation by a large sheet iron stove. She sat with us a few moments, lamenting that her children were all married and gone; lamenting the hardships of trouble of housekeeping unaided; and by inference la- -menting the trouble of entertaining me. I condoled with her most sincerely, regretting her latest trouble, per- -haps even more than she did. After she withdrew to prepare our meal, a son of hers came in to call K. This gentleman had frequently acted as sub-Indian agent, and a couple of Indians, em- -boldened by his presence, followed him into the room. When Mrs Q. called us to supper, these fellows rose to accom- -pany us. I looked helplessly at Mrs. Q, who said a few words in their dialect, which made them at once squat down again, huddling their blankets round them, but with a pleasanter look on their dark faces than they had yet worn. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33_F1_p223.jpg) "What did your mother say to those men, Mr. Q?" I asked, curiously. "She said only 'These strangers came first, and I <72> have only cooked enough for them; but your meal is cooking now now, and I will call you as soon as it is ready.’" "Will she really do that, or just give them some scraps at the kitchen door?", I went on, thinking of "cold-victual" beggars at home. "Our Indians, the Pahvants know how to behave," he answered, with a little pride in the wretches, "Mother will serve them just as she does you, and give them a place at her table." And so she did. I saw her placing clean plates, knives and forks for them, and waiting behind their chairs, while they ate with perfect propriety. She rose a hundred per cent in my opinion. by this genuine hospitality. After supper, Kanosh, Chief of the Pah. Vant Indians, into whose country we had now entered, came ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33_F2_front_cover.jpg) A Journey Through Utah Winter of 1872-73 VOL. 2 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33_F2_p115.jpg) to pay a formal visit to K. with the chiefs of his band. There was something prepossessing in the appearance of Kanosh and his younger brother Hang- -a-tah but I cannot say as much for their friends. Kanosh has bright penetrating eyes, and a pleasant coun- -tenance. He wears a white moustache, and carries himself with a soldierly bearing. He had on a dark blue uniform coat with bright buttons, yellow buckskin leggings and moccasins, and wore a black carriage-blanket thrown over one shoulder. <13 Davis> Hang-a-tah (the Red Blanket) a handsome aquiline-nosed Indian sat half-aleep on a chair near the stove, and coughed dismal- -ly from time to time; a plaintive accompaniment to Kanosh’s account of the decay of his band. Of Kanosh’s own family he is the last. Brothers and children, he counted them up on his fingers: "all gone, all sick, no shoot, die sick." Most of Kanosh’s court squatted on the floor, but of those who occupied chairs, two attracted my notice by their entire want of interest in the proceedings, and their intense ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33_F2_p116.jpg) Davis interest in themselves their honorable selves. One evidently felt himself a beau. This fellow kept stretching his legs and admiring each alternately, yawning to show his white teeth, affecting to go to sleep and awake with a start—all in order to attract the attention of the white squaws. Next the beau, sat a surly fellow very ugly young warrior indeed, who regarded him with silent contempt, confident in the superior at- -tractiveness of his own person. This one's role was that of the cynic. He did not glance towards us once, until just as he was leaving. Then he loftily passed us in review with the air of a Sim. Tappertit -tit: but at the instant his eye was caught by his own image in the glass. He advanced to it at once with amusingly unconcealed admiration and stood posturing before it, and adjusting a strip of leather dotted with tin studs that covered the parting of his coarse black locks, until the rest of the party had gone filed out. Kanosh, an old acquaintance of 1858, mourned over the changes Death had caused in his band since then; and asked K. to tell him the truth: were any gifts or annuities allotted ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33_F2_p117.jpg) him by the Government; or was he cheated out of them by the agents: had he not a right to stay on the farm his band cultivated at Meadow Creek: why must he "be poked off with guns to Uintah?" I do not intend to report his set speech although it struck me as decidedly clever. His prejudice against Mr. Dodge the agent has probably no greater foundation than most Indian complaints. How great that is, I reserve my opinion! My husband made him dictate a statement in his own words, which I took down in my pocket diary. The astute old fox made three persons read it to him to make sure I was not cheating him, before he made his X mark. "One snow time since, I got blankets: no flour, no beef but a little last spring: no flour, no oats, no wheat, no corn, no bullets; no see nothing but Dodge: *Dodge talk heap talk: weins pesharrony katz yak–good talk but no give." Kanosh his Fillmore Dec 17. 1872 *Mr. D. is said to have been a Baptist clergyman or missionary. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33_F2_p118.jpg) I stayed at one of Bishop Collister's Cottages in the orchard next time I visited Fillmore. The Mormons say that frost after frost killed the peach trees and cut the apple trees to the ground when they first made a settlement in the place, and did so year after year. Any reasonable people would have given up trying to produce fruit, but the Mormons are quite unreasonable in matters of faith, and some Brother or Sister had had it revealed, or had a vision, or "felt to prophesy" that it would yet be noted among the towns of Utah for its fruits. They persevered, and so I know what perfectly delicious apples they now harvest. Our bedroom at Fillmore had a great basket full of them, golden and rosy, sweet and tart, pippins and spitzenbergs; with which we amused our palates be- -tween meals, and filled every nook in the carriage next day. My new hostess was, I believe, a daughter ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33_F2_p119.jpg) of my first one. What a pretty creature she was! Tall and graceful; with the loveliest of dark eyes! And she had three sweet little children "three left out of seven." Her husband had lost eleven out of his twenty eight children. Wife Mary had borne him seven, Caroline twelve, and Helen nine. These numbers are not unusual in Utah, nor were they among the Puritans our ancestors. [But I do not think the Mormons have a right to claim that the children whom a mother] But their past experience at all events gives the Mormons no right to claim that the Mothers of families rear a greater number propor- -tionately than with us. More children may have been born to each mother; but the settlements in Utah were for many years the first stirring of the soil, the chemical exhalations, the fierce shadeless heat of summer caused many deaths. Then A voice was <"Then was there a voice> heard in Ramah, Rachel mourning for her children refused to be comforted ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33_F2_p120.jpg) because they were not." As Much as it has im- -proved of late years in salubrity I am far from sure that Utah is yet a very healthy land for children. But as far as my experience goes, I think they are very kindly as well as carefully nurtured. They are admitted very freely to their parents’ society, and are not always "snubbed" when they proffer their small contributions to the conversation going on among their elders. Generally too, they are well behaved. I think the tie between mother and children is closer than that between them and the father. Whether the fathers can love each one of so many children as much as they could if there were six or seven— or say fifteen, less, I will not pretend to say. I have seen a Mormon father pet and humor a spoilt thirty fifth child (a red-headed one too!) with as un- -reasonable fondness as the youngest Papa could show his first-born. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33_F2_p121.jpg) June 5, 1873–Interpolated. Two of the children my hostess at Fillmore had lost were twin girls, and she lamented over "Ada and Ida" quite as much as if they might not have grown up to be thirteenth or fourteenth wives to somebody. It had been one of the accepted beliefs with which my mind was stocked before entering Utah that every mother would be found to regret the birth of a daughter as a misfortune. This is not so. They honestly believe in the grand Calling their Theology assigns to Woman; that of "endowing souls with tabernacles that they may accept redemption." Nowhere is the "Sphere" of Woman according to the Gospel of Sarah Ellis, more fully recognised than in Utah; nowhere her "Mission," according to Susan Anthony, more abhorred. And yet they vote? True; but they do not take more general interest in general politics than you do. If your husband father, brothers and all the clergymen you know, approved of your voting, it would not ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33_F2_p122.jpg) strike you as an unfeminine proceeding. And if the matter on which your vote was required was one which might decide the question whether you were your husband's wife, and your children legitimate or not, you would be apt to entertain a determined opinion on the subject. Nobody thought us unfeminine for being absorbingly interested in our national affairs during the War. The Utah women take a precisely similar interest in the business of the world outside that concerns them; and pray over Congressional debates as we prayed for our armies. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33_F2_p123.jpg) Wynn Cove Creek Fort. From Fillmore we climbed to Cove Creek Fort, a forty eight miles' drive. About twelve miles out of Fillmore we reached Corn Creek, which we crossed at a small Mormon village, near what Kanosh pompously called his city! The Pah-vants are settled on a farm, by Government treaty. I looked with great interest at the surrounding mountains, as being the old haunts of Wah-ker; and the narrow cañon was pointed out to me which was his burial-place. Kanosh had invited us to visit his City, but it lay out of the direct road, and the length of our day's journey permitted no excursions, Kanosh is a Mormon convert, and prides himself on his "white ways". His favorite wife, an Indian girl, brought up in a Mormon family–persuaded him to let ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33_F2_p124.jpg) her keep house "Mormone' fashion" for him. The Mormons had built her a nice little house , where she had real door and windows, six chairs ranged round the room, a high post bedstead in the corner, and plates and dishes in a press. She had her cows– and made butter,–her poultry, eggs, and vegetables; and in her day Kanosh proudly displayed a stiff clean shirt-front and high collar every Sunday. Naturally, the other squaws were jealous. Kanosh went hunting, and on his return three weeks afterwards, the poor young wife had disappeared. Kan- -osh was sure that his eldest squaw had murdered her. What did he do? He told her that God had seen her do it; and bade her die. And she gradu- -ally faded away; and in less than a year she died, confessing that she had taken her victim by the hair as she knelt among the plants in her garden, ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33_F2_p125.jpg) pulled back her head and cut her throat. Then she dragged the body away, and buried it in the corn- -field. After the Christian wife’s murder, Kanosh mourned in a sincere way that deeply gratified his Mormon friends. But he and the remaining squaws couldn’t manage his affairs in her fashion. He wore his shirts faithfully and honorably till the buttons, and the sleeves, and collars all deserted him. And As to the poultry: when the eggs had accu- -mulated to three bushels, or thereabouts(!) this band made a grand feast, and Indian like, ate up all the chickens-literally all except the feathers—and all the eggs, good and bad. The House Kanosh still uses on grand occa- -sions, as the Queen uses Buckingham Palace when she holds a Drawing Room. To gratify him Brigham ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33_F2_p126.jpg) Young paid him a visit . The President was on one of his journeys South and paused in his carriage before the door. No notice was taken of his arrival, and when he sent a rider in to announce it to Kanosh, expecting him to come out, Kanosh sent answer, that when he went to see "Bigham", Bigham sat still in his house; and what was manners for Bigham was manners for Kanosh. "He's right," said Brigham, and leaving Kan the carriage he went in to pay his respects to the chief. Kanosh was perched on the high four-posted bed, sitting cross legged half buried in the down. <"plump in the feathers" He wore a heavy pilot cloth great coat buttoned to the chin: a pair of new cowhide boots, and his finest [---] blanket over all. It was a very warm day in May, and the window was closed. The pers- -piration streamed down his face, but he sat erect, ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33_F2_p127.jpg) and motionless, feeling that he "must do something for dignity." President Young tried hard to maintain his gravity, but it was completely upset when the valance of the bed was cau- -tiously lifted at one side, and the youngest wife poked her head out, and looked up to survey the general effect [Kanosh was shocked that a chief like "Bigham" should laugh, but fortunately imagined it to be from pure pleasure in the glorious majesty of his friend. We could not see the Kanosh mansion from the road, and after leaving Corn Creek, I do not remember passing any settlement that day. I suppose it the country had too little water, for I remember that we carried water from Corn Creek for the horses, to the sheltered little hollow in the hills where we "nooned." I know our bottle of milk was frozen solid, and we had to depend on the charity of our neigh- ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33_F2_p128.jpg) -bours. The Mormons all quaffed with great apparent relish, a horrible beverage called "Composition" made of ginger, cayenne-pepper, cloves and bayberries ground to powder, sweetened, and mixed with cream, diluted with boiling water. This stuff had not frozen, and they drank it cold. The day itself was so cold that our picnic was eaten in our closed carriages, instead of in the usual social open-air fashion. The sun was sinking when we reach- ed Cove Creek Fort, and drove in under its archway. K. soon called me outside to look at the landscape, and see how lonely a place we were in. The Fort lay in a volcanic basin, geologically esteemed to be the crater of an extinct volcano. All round it were oddly peaked, ragged looking mountains glowing in purple and gold, looking no more ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33_F2_p129.jpg) substantial than the cloud mountains of sunset with which they mingled. Further on the road we were to travel next day, some wagons were encamped, their supper-fires already kindled. At the foot of a hill hard by a solitary thread of smoke beside a single "wick-i-up", as the Utes call their lodges,–showed where a young Indian lay, who had shot himself while hunting the day before. Round the Fort were fields with unusually strong and high fences; outside it on the North was a a very large barn with a well- filled yard, surrounded by a stockade. Our teams were being led in, to the discomposure of some cows who had a proprietary air, as they moved sulkily aside to let the intruders enter. The smoke of their warm breath made a cloud in the frosty air. There was a broad sheet of ice to cross before entering the Fort, and I wondered whence the water came, as I saw no water course near. The Fort has ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33_F2_p130.jpg) gray stone walls about thirty feet high, adorned with tall chimneys North and South; and with two great gateways opening East and West. Over one is inscribed "Cove Creek Fort Ranche" "1867" Entering the large paved courtyard we found it filled with our vehicles. Six doors opened to the North and as many to the South, giving admission to large and lofty rooms. I was not sorry to see a magnificent pitch pine fire blazing on the hearth in mine, for the Fort is–6000? I forget how many ungenial feet above tide, and the night was very cold. Our room was nicely furnished, and looked very cosy as we drew our chairs around the centre table which had a number of well-chosen books upon it. The children were pleased to recognise another of the pretty pink-fringed, linen table-covers of which so many had already greeted us on our journey, and wondered whether the "Co-op" had bought a large invoice from Claflin, that we found them thus broadcast through the Territory. It made us feel New York quite near us. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33_F2_p131.jpg) We were called to supper on the other side of the Fort picking our way over the icy ground guided by a stream of light from the open door of a guard room, where stacks of arms were piled and a group of stout fellows sat before a blazing fire. We supped in the telegraph office, where the ticking of the instrument insisted on being heard as we all knelt down for prayers.–Prayers after the patriarchal Hebrew manner; a shot proof fort; an electric battery clicking the latest New York news; armed men; unarmed women with little children; a meal served with dainty pre- -cision in the a rough unplastered room a refectory walled with rough hewn stone: this medley of antichronisms is Mormon all over. Here too was this Fort designed to serve the same purpose, in the Saints' eyes, as the Inter- -preter’s House of the Pilgrim's Progress. Both were ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33_F2_p132.jpg) built "for the entertainment and comfort of pilgrims, and their protection against Ill Favored Ones." And surely Bunyan never dreamed of more devilishly ugly Apollyons than these savage warriors of Utah! Although it stands in the friendly Pah-vant Country, the Fort commands a Pass on the Old Spanish Trail from California to New Mexico used still by the Navajoes; whose raids give the Mormons much trouble and anxiety. Our dinner supper was excellent, but neither "Wave-Breast nor "Heave Shoulder" decked the board. Stewed chickens, clarified apples and cream furnished no texts for "profitable discourse" from our entertainer, though at their presence in that inhospitable looking spot. I saw but one woman in the fort, and she had a group of children hanging at her skirts. I thought she must have had her hands full to pro- -vide bread and meat enough for her hungry guests. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33_F2_p133.jpg) The shining cleanliness of the table linen and glass was worthy of a Quakeress, when she has "given her mind to it," yet I found that every drop of water had to be "packed," i.e. carried a mile and a half. Cove Creek is led into the Fort in summer–though its supply cannot be depended upon, as it frequently dries up. But in winter they have to turn its water back to their natural channel, as it "overflows the Fort with ice"– a result which had just followed an attempt to let it on in our honour. Two wells have been dug, each 100 ft deep, but without striking water. It seemed to me a foolish thing to build a Fort where a be- -sieged garrison would suffer so much from want of water. But I was answered, when I hinted this, that the Fort was only meant to defend travellers and the family of the ranche against Indian forays. It was too far from any settlement for a single family to be safe in the open country and there was too ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33_F2_p134.jpg) little water for irrigation to warrant the placing of a settlement. I was reminded when I called it a dreary region, that we were now in the depth of winter, and that the magnificent haystacks I had seen were the produce of the ranch. They said indeed that the soil was the richest in the world when irrigated. I think however, they admitted that the climate was too Arctic for the Apple tree, and where that cannot flourish, is. I respectfully adhere to my opin- -ion, no Garden of Eden. The great Mormon crop of children–thrives at Cove Creek Ranche, however. As we noticed left the table, we noticed a little two year old girl, whom I shall always maintain to be the loveliest baby ever seen. The diminutive beauty accepted the compliments of the party in a manner that showed she was used to them. One remarked her rosy cheek, clear blue eye and golden hair; another, her white skin; another ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33_F2_p135.jpg) her tiny foot and ankle, and the plump little leg that rose above her white sock. "This is the child you administered to, Brother Brigham," said the gratified mother. President Young had not been listening, but seeing that he was appealed to, answered, "Oh! ahem? ay!" first interjectionally, then in- -terrogatively, and then affirmatively–which appeared to be entirely satisfactory; for she went on: "Yes, you laid hands on her when she was only six days old, and she seemed as if she had not an hour to live. This was not the first time I had heard the Mormons allude to the laying on of hands. It was explained to be their revival of the early Christian custom enjoined by the Apostle James. "Is any sick among you? "Let him call ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33_F2_p136.jpg) "for the elders of the church; and let them pray "over him, anointing him with oil in the name "of the Lord: and the prayer of faith shall save "the sick, and the Lord shall raise him up." As we crossed the court on our way back to our rooms, I remarked to a lady near me. "Mrs Lucy, the orthodox Christian Churches no longer practise the custom, (for the Roman Cath- -olic anointing of the dying is a different one) because the days of miracles are over." "Ah," she replied, "the orthodox churches, as you call them, Mrs K. only assert that, ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33_F2_p137.jpg) because their faith is so torpid that they cannot be blessed with miracles. As Our Saviour said they cannot do many mighty works because of their unbelief; and again, The word preached does not profit them, not being mixed with faith in them that hear it. Besides," she added, "You Presbyterians" she continued, reject the traditions of the Church, and the authority of the early Fathers, and rely upon what the Bible says. James' Epistle is one of the very last printed in the New Testament. Where is your authority for consider- -ing his injunction to have been abrogated subsequently? Don't you see it is a salve to your consciences that you apply because your faith is so weak that you prefer to trust your sick to the different human systems of doctoring rather than to the hands of God." What did I answer? Oh, I said, loftily, that K. did not wish me to enter into theo- -logical arguments. I found this always a very safe ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33_F2_p138.jpg) reply, my Mormon friends thoroughly approving the teaching of St Paul that a woman should refer all theological puzzles to her own husband at home. Ah St Paul, how little didst thou foresee how busy our husbands would be all day in Wall Street, how tired and cross every evening at home! Fancy our asking them to extract roots of doctrine for us! Darkness had fallen by the time supper was over, but the great gates were left open later than usual, as one of our baggage wagons had not yet come up. K. took the little boys to see the wounded Indian. The squaws had bitten the flesh around the wound to stop the bleeding, and had then erected the wick-i-up over him as he lay, being afraid to let him be carried as far as the friendly shelter of the Fort. I went to sit for half an hour with the ladies of our party, and groping my way back in the darkness came suddenly on the two squaws, where they ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33_F2_p139.jpg) who had raised the sash of my window a little and were so absorbed in peeping into the lighted splendors of the apart- -ment, having lifted a corner of the blind to do so, that they did not hear my approach. It would be hard to say whether they or I we were most startled. They con- -trived by signs and repetitions of "Bigham's" name to let me know they wanted to see him, so I conducted them to where his family were still seated round the fire, and then slipped away, leaving them to dispose of their visitors as they liked. I found the Châtelaine giving a few final touchesto the comfort of my room, when I returned, and falling into conversation with her learned about the loneliness of her position, her answer was that she was seldom alone, but that, as it happened, Mr. H. had been obliged to take his other wife to Salt Lake City for her health, and that the opportunity had been taken to send "their" elder children there to school for the winter, while they could enjoy the benefit of maternal supervision. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33_F2_p140.jpg) The night was intensely cold; but we did not rise next till the fires were blazing. The chimneys of Cove Creek Fort, I can attest, draw superbly; and the early cup of hot coffee, I found most of our party willing to admit, was more cheering to the spirit than "composition", cold." When we set out, the sun was fully up, though it gave no warmth, the sky was intensely blue, the air blue too and sparkling with icy particles . The horses' hoofs rang merrily on the iron-bound ground. Looking back on the Fort I watched the U.S. flag waving us farewell, until it was no larger than a carna- -tion flower; the loveliest possible bit of color to my homesick eyes. I noticed in the daylight that the walls of the Fort were composed of dark blocks of lava, and only reduced to a grayish tone by the whiteness of the mortar cementing the courses of masonry. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33_F2_p141.jpg) 143 Prairie Dog Hollow– Indian Creek Our day's journey was but twenty four miles, and lay through what might by courtesy be called a wooded country. At the summit of each little pass we found ourselves in a thicket of cedars so stunted so ragged and forlorn looking that they looked as ifa forest had been set out on the plain and buried to the neck in drifting sand. The road was rough, for the sand but partially concealed the ledges of volcanic rock we were crossing; "rocks full of bubbles" as the chil- -dren called them. We were now not far fro East of the Nevada Mining District, and a halt was made on one of the summits to let us see "where we were," while the tired horses breathed themselves. Belo On our left a great ragged snow streaked mountain was pointed out as "Baldy" at whose foot lay the Bullionville gold mining region. On the right among a range of gravel mountains, rose up one, all cliffs and precipices "serrated ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33_F2_p142.jpg) 144 "deeply five-parted, conspicuous," as the manuals of botany have it; its top resembling the crater of a vol- -cano, which it probably was. This mountain remained in sight all day, its hard features never undistinguishable from the softer profiles of its fellows. Below us lay the dusty plain, dotted far with white-topped wagons, bound for Pioche. Beyond, the horizon was crowded with range after range of mountains; and a depression in the most distant faint blue outline was pointed out as our goal: the pass of Kannarra. At Kannarra we were to cross the Rim of the Basin, and descend at once into the warmer lands. We had been crossing one minor basin after another, since leaving Salt Lake, but all were contained in the trough of the Great Basin, walled in on the East by the Wahsatch Range. The Great Basin is elevated thousands ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33_F2_p143.jpg) of feet above tide, and the mountains that looked down upon us claimed ten to twelve thousand feet. in height. /2/ No wonder it was cold in that De- -cember weather, an nor that we looked longingly towards Kannarr'as distant gateway. into summer. lands. /x/ By this time we were half way from Salt Lake on our journey. Each day seemed to grow colder, and the wind to blow harder; and now and then snow squalls would come up and terrify us with their petty tornadoes. Brilliantly as the shone upon us, we were glad to creep back into our carriages. and wind down the narrow pass into the shelter of Prairie Dog Hollow. Our way led down Wild Cat Cañon, a pass so narrow and winding that it is not surprising that the Mormons were long in finding it. It now affords them a natural easy descent into Prairie Dog Hollow. Formerly they let their wagons down ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33_F2_p144.jpg) 143 here over the bluffs by ropes, the men and teams scrambling down as best they might. I do not know why it was necessary to go into Prairie Dog Hollow , like the King of France in the adage, I am sure there was nothing to see when we got there. A circular sweep of the hills surrounded the little glen, making it a delightfully warm and sheltered halting place for us our noon-day rest. It was treeless, shrubless and destitute of water, however; and the dog-towns and ant-hills with which its surface was plen- tifully besprinkled, showed no signs of life. The little communist-citizens were wrapped in their winter-sleep, and the children could not elicit a remonstrant squeak as they ran among the tiny domes. protected accompanied by their friend Elder Potteau. As for me, one of our company a dark-eyed, rosy little Welshwoman who had ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33_F2_p145.jpg) 147 proceeded no further in making my acquaintance than to exchange morning and evening salutations, plucked up spirit enough–it could scarcely be owing to the inspiration of the cheering cup of Comp- -sition!–to join me in a ramble before the horses were put to. Her husband, one of the kindest of K's old friends of '46, had been among the first to greet us on our arrival in Salt Lake City. In answer to K's inquiries after his good wife, he had produced her daguerreotype to show me. She had "passed behind the veil" two years before, but he spoke of her death with evident emotion. "Here at least," I had thought, "is one man, high in Mormon esteem, yet a monogamist." It was a shock to me, to recognize him on our journey accompanied by this other wife, and I now learned from her that the fair-haired son who ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33_F2_p146.jpg) was with them, was not her offspring, nor the offspring of "Helen", but that of a third wife. Yet again the boy was not claimed by the Yet again the third wife did not claim him, having "given him away" at his birth to Helen. "For all of Helen's own children had grown up by that time, and she brought LeRoy up as her own." Mistress Jane told me that the youngster could not hear his adopted mother's death spoken of without weeping; and thereupon she wept herself as she eulogised "Sister Helen's" virtues. Helen was much older than the other two wives, and they looked up to her as a mother. She had taught their children en- -tirely, being a well educated lady. She was very neat and nice in her ways, although she wore home- -spun like the rest of us. She regulated the family af- -fairs, deciding even such little matters as whether Johnny should have his old boots cobbled, or wear his new ones. The house was well ordered in Helen's time; yet never so stirring jocund and cheerful. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33_F2_p147.jpg) Mrs Jane spun and wove and worked in Mrs Jane spun and wove and worked in the dairy cheerfully. "That's what I'm fit for," she said; "but Helen knew how everything ought to be done; and she was so sweet tempered that there never was any jealousy or quarrelling in the family while she lived." Sister <"Mrs> "Jane" herself was a born worker, never happier, as I afterwards found when I knew her better, than in helping others–and so fond of chil- -dren that she used to smuggle my boys away for a morning sometimes, always returning them with their hair elaborately curled. I used to wonder at this, but I found that she was "homesick for the children" left behind at Salt Lake City. "Her own children, of course?" you say. By no means. "The bigger ones could man- -age very well without her, but she yearned for the little fellows "her own and the other wife’s, who ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33_F2_p148.jpg) were missing her too, she was sure. And when we returned to Salt Lake City and she brought a flock of children to see me, the special pet who clung to her skirts, and who seemed to have had every hair of his head curled separately–was the third wife's child! Jane had been one of the hand-cart pilgrims, and had pushed her cart and done all the cooking for her father's family, sixteen in number, when they halted. Like many of the younger women, she had not "experienced convic- -tion" at the time when her elders joined the Church, but had fallen into the ranks because the rest did. Her convictions seemed certain now, and her reverence for her husband was unbounded. He was a simple sincere and upright old man for whom no one could entertain ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33_F2_p149.jpg) a disrespectful feeling. He joined us as we walked, and seemed pleased with the subject of our conversation. Mrs Helen, they told me, was a sin- cere Christian, a firm Presbyterian for more than six years after her husband changed his faith. After they were driven from Nauvoo the last time, the trials of the journey and encampments on the Prairie softened her heart. Never a murmur crossed her lips, or as much as a word against the Decrees of Providence, but her favorite text of Scrip- -ture; often repeated on the pilgrimage, and in the early years of the settlement, till it grew to be remem- -bered as the motto of her life, was: "All this way hath the Lord thy God led thee, to humble thee and to prove thee, and to give thee peace in thy latter end." Her husband only remembered one ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33_F2_p150.jpg) Wynn remark escaping her that looked like dissatisfaction with her lot. It was when they reached the Promised Land and looked down on the Salt Lake Valley. There were about six small cottonwood trees then in all the Valley, and Helen looked at them a long time. Then said she to her husband, "Father, we have come fifteen hundred miles in wagons, and a thousand miles through the sage brush, and I'd get into the wagon tomorrow, and travel a thousand miles further, to see shade trees instead of these rocks and sand." She was so fond of "growing things," her husband said, that she languished in health in the confinement for safety, and he petitioned the brethren to let him establish himself outside it; on the hill where the Lion House now stands. It was thought a fool hardy thing to do and objection was made, but with Helen's consent, he solemnly took the responsibility ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33_F2_p151.jpg) upon himself; and they placed their dwelling beside City Creek. Helen had brought a whole bushel of fruit tree kernels and other seeds. "Now Mother," he told her, "I'll set every one of these out, and you'll soon have shade trees enough." Helen took the greatest pride in her little planta- -tion. The trees were about a foot high when the grasshoppers ate them down to the roots. They ate everything in the garden with entire empartiality. Great was Helen's disappointment, but after a time her little trees threw up fresh shoots. Shortly after < too> one of the brethren, who had invested all his savings in the purchase and transportation of 10.000 young fruit trees divided the few dozen of choice varieties which he had been able to save from the grasshoppers, among the families, and Helen secured some which she nursed and petted as in other days she had ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33_F2_p152.jpg) tended her roses and geranuims. No one had money to repay the gardener for his treasures, but they gave him bullets, axes, flour,–very little of that! –nails; anything of which they could spare a part, –and almost every body bought a few. I asked Mr. — whether they had ever been annoyed by the Indians in conse- -quence of living outside the Fort. Helen was greatly affrighted once, he said, but that was all. He had made his dwelling as secure as he could with bolts and bars, and bought a heavy watch-dog. Indians often came to beg, but they behaved well, as he and the dog were always on the premises. One day, however, he was forced to go to the canon to be absent all day. Helen felt so timid that she called Tiger inside the house and shut him up in the bedroom. Noonday came, and she had forgotten her terrors ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33_F2_p153.jpg) when a malevolent looking Indian came boldly into the kitchen. He had probably watched the house, and supposed the dog gone as well as the man. He asked for bread. She gave him some biscuit, and four ounces of flour–all she had to give–but he threw it down and demanded more, working himself up on her refusal until he felt angry enough to take aim at her with his arrow. She sprang to the door of the bedroom; threw it open, crying "Tige! Take him!" The dog darted out and flew at the ruffian's throat. The attack was so unexpected that the Indian went at once to the floor, and there man and beast rolled over and over in a desperate struggle. The dog conquered. The Indian cried <99 Wynn> like a child for mercy, and when she bade the dog quit him, threw his bow and quiver at her feet, and made signs im- ploring her pity for his wounds. She was horribly frightened, but she bade the dog watch him while ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33_F2_p154.jpg) she went for warm water and bathed the bites, and tore some of her scanty supply of linen into bandages. He lay on her floor some time, and then crawled away, and was never again seen near the settlement. Helen lived, said her husband, to see the lonely house surrounded by beautiful villas, each set like her own in an orchard of thriving trees, and at her feet a fast growing city, with no other sign of danger threatening it than the presence on the height above it of the white buildings of Camp Douglas, under whose guns the city lies. The gardener of whom Mr. — had spoken was my children's friend, Elder Potteau. I mentioned the subject of his fruit-tree investment to him when we gathered round the evening fire, asking him how he disposed of all his "payments in kind." He assured me that all had proved useful. "Nails! Why, he had sorted the nails into separate ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33_F2_p155.jpg) kegs, till by the time he was ready to build, he had had almost enough for the tiny house with which he began with. He spoke Like all the Mormons of the first immigration. Elder P with much feeling of the trials their faith endured when, crops whose seed they had denied themselves bread to save, were devoured by the "Army of grasshoppers "sent to try their faith." All their feeble efforts to burn or drown or kill them failed before the presence of such vast num- bers of the enemy. "The land was as a garden of Eden, before them, and a desolate wilderness behind them", he quoted, with rare appropriateness. On a Sunday morning he walked sorrowfully among his dying fruit-trees, too heartsick to begin work again He met Elder John Taylor and two others who said to him; "Potteau; we can do nothing ourselves: there ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33_F2_p156.jpg) 159 is no use in our working without God's blessing. If he chooses to take pity on us, our crops may be saved. He has commanded us to keep holy the Sab- -bath Day, and Brother Brigham says we had better all come to Meeting and pray." They did so. Then came the wind that brought the snow white gulls, and they consumed the grasshoppers. The crops were saved, "and God," said he, "restored to us the years that the locust had eaten. And we know that He is in the midst of Israel, and is the Lord our God, and none else; and His people shall never be ashamed." Why should not believers in Special Providences argue that the "keeping holy the Sabbath Day" prevented the gulls from being frightened away by human noises, and permitted them to do their work in peace? * Joel. II 27. This is a great Chapter with the Mormons. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33_F2_p157.jpg) Beaver [-] Waters I was quite sorry to part from Mrs Jane, when the horses were once more put-to. Short as our afternoon's drive was, it proved a tiresome one: we were obliged to move so slowly, and the children's usual chatter had to be hushed. I had given my husband's place in the carriage to a sick lady, and I feared that they might arouse the beautiful pale crea- -ture from a sleep into which she fell nearly as soon as the motion of the carriage began. The barren hills and plains gave way to one scene that reminded us of home: I think it was "Indian Creek", where a shallow stream flowed between gently rising banks fringed with cotton- -wood trees. There were nicely fenced in fields and a decent farmhouse, but the people were all away. There had been an Indian alarm, we were told, and the settlers had been warned in from ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33_F2_p158.jpg) exposed points. The children begged to stop a little longer to refresh their eyes with the sight of "running water, and trees big enough to look at," but after the horses had done drinking we had to press on to arrive at Beaver before dusk. We went on descending until we reached the hard gravelly plain in which Beaver lies. Some one told me that no mice exist there because the soil is too hard for them to work! But hard or not, the Mormons have picked out and fenced some three thousand* acres fit for cultivation. Although I *My informant was a woman. She is not to be held responsible for accuracy within a thousand acres or so more or less ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33_F2_p159.jpg) 164 I must say that the fields I saw there looked as if the pebbly bed of some ancient stream had been fenced in! Moreover it is rather frosty: last summer there were only seven weeks between the frosts. But Beaver will flourish because it has an abundant supply of almost the only perfectly soft water in the Territory. We entered the town. Something reminded me of our own villages. Was it the unpainted clap-board shanties? "No Mamma," cried Will, "they must be going to have a Railroad built here. Look at the Signs!" They were what the child had noticed at every Station from Omaha to Ogden. There, were the familiar letters S.A.L.O.O.N.; the red curtains behind the windows of the Rum-Holes; and round the corner B.I.L.L.I.A.R.D.S. Our invalid companion had roused herself to greet a boy-brother who came galloping up to meet us. I asked her why there was this difference between Beaver, and the other Mormon settlements, and she replied with her usual gentle brevity, and without the ghost of a smile, ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33_F2_p160.jpg) 165 "There is an United States army post here." I intended to remark that I did not see the application of the reply, but Evy, with a flush of shame on his face, quietly pointed out to me the dear blue-coats that I would have been so glad to greet in this out of the way place, —anywhere, but on the backs of the tavern loungers who gazed at the Mormon procession as our carriages went forward to Bishop Macbeth's. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33_F2_p161.jpg) Beaver 164 Macbeth's House This gentleman’s house was so large a one as to accommodate almost the whole of our party, but it was presided over by his pretty daughter, his still prettier wife being so great an invalid as to be unable to do more than make an appearance in her easy chair, enveloped in soft shawls, for a short half hour after supper. For her convenience th To spare her nerves, the spa- -cious parlour adjoining her room, was left unoc- -cupied, and the dining room used as a sitting room, while meals were served in the kitchen whose dainty cleanliness obviated all necessity for the ex- -cuses the young hostess made for leading the way there when we went to supper. She had several assistants in her housekeeping labours, and the I supposed they were neighbours or servants. The tone of the household was so thoroughly a monoga- ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33_F2_p162.jpg) 164 the illness of its female head so manifestly forming the chief topic of concern to husband and daughter, that it never occurred to me until after I had left Beaver to enquire whether Mr. Macbeth had more wives than one, He had! Three. So that my diary with its notes of satisfaction over finding myself "once more under a true wife's roof" reads rather absurdly. Bishop Macbeth and his wife and daughter, looked and talked like Virginians, F.F.V. Virginians too, and he rode like a Virginian–born, which he was ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33_F2_p162a.jpg) was, on a black horse that would have made President Grant envious. The pretty daughter in her gray dress, and purple cloth jacket braided with black, was as much of a little lady as any belle of the James or Rappahannock River planta- -tions, and as much of a little Copperhead too! Most of the American-born Mormon women I met were Northern in feeling. Our party broke up soon after sup- -per, most of its members going to meeting, but as I found that Miss Julia's hospitality had warmed the large bedroom set apart for me, and provided a plentiful supply of towels and the delicious soft water of Beaver, I preferred giving the children a thorough bathing before the brightly-blazing fire, and then writing the valuable notes I have referred to before seeking ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33_F2_p162b.jpg) my own bath and bed. In the morning I heard some noises outside, and going to the window I saw about twenty Indian warriors dismounting from their horses, the leader conferring with Bishop Macbeth, whose gestures at whose order the gates of the tithing yard were thrown open and–shall I use the civilised phrase?–a Committee of savage citizens proceeded to demolish half a haystack carrying out armfuls of hay and throwing it down before the horses of the band, now picketed in front of the yard. The summons to breakfast came, and the fair Julia was just leading us in to admire  sight of an appetisingly spread table. on which one (was she a stepmother?) was placing a pot of steaming coffee, while another woman (–another stepmother?) was d withdrawing a pan of hot rolls ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33_F2_p162c.jpg) 170 seemed against a cure? from the oven, when she suddenly stopped ; and saying, "Oh "I beg your pardon; you will have to wait a minutes!" closed the door between us and herself. Not, however, before I had seen the outer door of the kitchen thrown open, and Bishop Macbeth enter followed by the Indians, he saying to the women, "Now: good people, you'll have to satisfy these folks first." Sitting hungrily beside the parlour window, I soon saw our copper-coloured sup- -planters returning to their horses' company with their hands full of our good breakfast. Our hostesses seemed to have taken it as a matter of course; for in a quarter of an hour we were demolishing more hot rolls, coffee, chickens and other good things, which were smilingly pressed ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33_F2_p162d.jpg) <[---] this with BEAVER> upon us from an apparently inexhaustible larder. The Indians had come, I suppose, to see Pres- -ident Young; but, if so, they were disappointed, for we started immediately after breakfast. BUCKHORN SPRINGS Buckhorn Springs ¶ The storm which had been following us so long threatened to envelope us all the forenoon, occasional snow flakes falling from the low clouds that had hidden the surrounding mountain tops. A party of men from Beaver rode out some miles on the plain with us. Passing a group of horses, closely fenced in with wattles, we saw several Indians waiting for us, who approached President Young's carriage, but as he did not stop they dropped behind in silence. Their faces were painted up in their best style. One represented an overdone Neapolitan sunset, and another flamed in metallic yellows like a brazen idol. All wore showy Navajo blankets. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33_F2_p162e.jpg) in science. [---] best style. One represented an overdone Neapolitan sunset; and the taste of another lying in metallic yellows he had gotten himself up like the brazen image of King Nebuchadnezzar. All wore showy Navajo blankets, an incidental proof of the truth of Kanosh's assertion that no blankets had been furnished them by the United States. These Indians were Pah-vants, the last we saw of Kanosh's band, and I presumed the reason that President Young would not stop to hear their complaints was the same that made him decline so cavalierly to receive Kanosh at Fill- more; a dislike to being supposed to be in league with disaffected Indians while Government had him under its frown. Three or four unarmed bands of Navajoes have been coming up as far as Beaver to trade this year. They want horses, and will not take money; and talk of intending to steal no more; but the Mor- -mons think these virtuous intentions are the result of one of their Bishops on the Arizona frontier threatening to establish a fortified ranche at the Colorado ford to which they must cross in returning from their raids on Utah. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33_F2_p162f.jpg) The Mormons, as practical a people as they are daring, have gone to the expense of constructing a telegraph line down to the very limit of Utah Territory. Look at Dore's "Wandering Jew", striding along through forest and desert, always lonely and possessed of secret knowledge he cannot impart.–The artist makes the long perspective of Tree Tops simulate Crosses to reproach Ahas- -uerus. The same weird effect is given by those telegraph poles and that endless slender wire, stretching over sandy plain and volcano-blasted mountain. The Telegraph is protected from the Indians only by their own superstition. They believe it is charmed, and friendly Indians have come many miles to inform the Mor- -mons that poles were down in some solitude they crossed. They have not dared to touch the uncanny things themselves. The Navajoes would give their wits to ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33_F2_p162g.jpg) know the mystery of the "medicine" which frustrates their best laid plans, and posts Bishop Winsor and his "merry men" on guard at the Pass, ready any hour to intercept the horses they may have stolen two hundred miles away! They have been foiled so often, that for the present, "the devil a monk would be." One Indian of the Pahvants rode for some miles beside the Beaver horsemen, leaning far forward on his saddle as he cantered along, his gay blan- -ket dropped on the crupper like a riding habit, his long black hair and the fringes of his leggings fluttering in the wind of his going. But our horsemen soon dropped behind, waving courteous farewells to each carriage as it passed them. The road was ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33_F2_p162h.jpg) rough; volcanic rocks cropping out, and jarring grating against our wheels most disagreeably. The noonday halt was made at Buckhorn Springs, where was one little house and at a short distance a stockaded enclosure for the animals. No garden, no trees, nothing but rock and sand visible till your eyes rested on the mountains in the distance. The house stood on a slight elevation above the plain, and was inhabited by an aged pair who were wearing out the evening of their days in comfortless deso- -lation. They had a fire burning on the wide hearth in their mud and-log-walled cabin, and we went in to warm ourselves. The poor old wife's palsied head nodded so that we could not understand her, but a chance remark of K's regarding the brilliantly coloured lithograph ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33_F2_p163.jpg) 174 of Beauregard and his Confederate Generals that adorned the room, led the old man to overcome his repugnance to a Northern officer sufficiently to enable him to ask eager questions about Lee and Stonewall Jackson. Every answer that pleased him, he greeted like a Primitive Methodist with a long-drawn "Ah!" or Glory be to God!" I listened to the wind which howled round the house as if it were a ship in a gale, while my husband goodhumoredly gratified the old man’s curiosity. When we left the house the sun had dis- -persed the clouds, and the icy wind came from mountains bright with fresh-fallen snow. The sunshine was so brilliant too that the glare was unbearable, and the absence of colouring, except white and blue, increased the feeling I had of being at sea with a brick gate blowing. The wind had veered around to the North West: we were threatened with being cast loose from our moorings, and ¶ Hurrying into our carriages, we buried ourselves in furs and prepared ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33_F2_p164.jpg) prepared for an uninteresting afternoon. But we were not done with violent effects of colour. There is no homelike scenery in Utah; a scene- -painter’s nightmare would be tame to Nature’s productions here with rocks and sand. The afternoon was wearing on to sunset when we came to a blood-red land, cliffs, soil and a crumbling old adobe fort . Beside it a rushing stream dashed up wavelets of turbid red. Then came three or four red adobe houses, and some stacks of the brilliant straw coloured hay, with freshly opened ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33_F2_p165.jpg) 175 vivid green hearts. The dreary wind howled and whistled among the walls and palings and shook our carriages as we halted for a few minutes. Thankfulness overpowered me that wherever else my lot in life might be cast it was neither at Buckhorn Springs nor Red Creek Village! Leaving its red cliffs behind our carriages crawled through the heavy sand at the base of a rocky wall that reminded me of 3rd Avenue New York as I remembered it before the days of Central Park. It wanted only a street car, some stray bits of straw and newspaper, three Irish shanties and "Try Tarrant’s Effervescing" to make me feel at home. The rendering of the wind-blown dust over the smoothly slanting rock was perfect. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33_F2_p166.jpg) "Hark!" cried Evan suddenly "There’s music." Only the wind Listen!" We all laughed, for I had been saying this was like coming into New York, and Willie said with the air of superiority which his better ear for music entitled him to assume over Evan. "It’s only a cow mooing", and he pointed to a herd in the distance. But the gusts of wind soon brought the sound plainly, to us, It was the brass band from Parowan come out to meet us The horses of the boy escort danced and plunged as the band wagon fell into line, and we entered Parowan in great state to the music of "John Brown’s marching on." Our carriage, President Young’s and another drew up in the courtyard of Bishop ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33_F2_p167.jpg) 180 178 Norman’s low-roofed but wide-spreading home, and we stood a few minutes on the piazza to listen to the last strains of the band, and exalt over the promise of a fair day on the morrow. Over the roofs of the town we could see that the snow clouds were caught by the skirts, and trailing away over the mountains in the distance. The last rays of sunset streamed up a red and glorious back-ground to the flag, which—Forgive the Scream of the Eagle!—displayed its folds in the evening breeze from a Liberty Pole in the Court House Yard. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33_F2_p168.jpg) Parowan Bishop Norman’s comfortable house was one of those in which you feel at home at once. The big shepherd-dog on the piazza made friends with the children when they first stepped on the piazza, and "spoke" for a biscuit, as if he had known them all his life. The master and his wife mistress looked so like a Norfolkshire squire and dame, that I was surprised to learn that they were both from Massachusetts. Mrs Norman was short, stout, merry and dimpled: a suitable mate for Mr. Norman. She took me to my room, and when I rejoined her in the parlour introduced me to–Mrs Norman. This one was tall, thin, serious and high-cheeked boned, and the two together reminded me of Hood’s "For I am short and she is tall, And that’s the short and long of it." To repress my inclination to smile, I plunged into con ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33_F2_p169.jpg) -versation, inquiring whether a young woman who appeared in the doorway for a moment, vanishing at a summons from the kitchen, was the tall wife's daughter. She replied in an aggreived tone, "Certainly not!" and the plump one answered with a chuckle , "Oh no. No, that's our Mr. Norman's third!" Of Parowan itself, I saw little. The principal houses surround the Court House Square, and are shaded generously by double rows of cottonwood trees. These grow so fast that ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33_F2_p170.jpg) although planted twenty one years ago, in the in- -fancy of the settlement, they give the town quite a middle-aged look, their branches already almost overarching the streets. When we reached the end of each day’s journey, after taking off our outer garments and washing off our dust, we usually assembled round the fire in the sitting room, and the leading "brethren and sisters" of the settlement would come quietly in to pay their respects. The front door gene- -rally opened directly from the piazza into the parlour, and was always on the latch, and the circle round the fire varied constantly as the neighbours dropped in or went away. At these informal audiences reports complaints and petitions were made, and I gathered more of the actual working of Mormonism by listening to them than from any other source. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33_F2_p171.jpg) They talked away to Brigham Young about every con- -ceivable matter, from the fluxing of an ore to the advan- -tages of a Navajo bit, and expected him to remember every child in every cottier's family. And he really seemed to do so, and to be at home on every subject. I think he must make fewer mistakes than most Executives from his being in such constant intercourse with his people. I noticed that he never seemed in uninterested, but gave an unforced attention to the person addressing him, which suggested a mind free from care. I used to fancy that he wasted a great deal of Power in this way; but I soon saw that he was accumulating it. Power, I mean, as the great driving wheel of his people's industry, activity, industry. Among the callers who dropped in at Parowan my attention was drawn to a tiny old woman who seemed blown into the room with a gust of wind –which was indeed ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33_F2_p172.jpg) so strong that she could not latch the door again after entering. Elder Potteau sprang to her assistance, and looking up to thank him, she cried "Oh you dear blessed man! Don’t you remember me?" "Sister Ranforth" Mrs Norman goodna- -turedly hinted in a stage whisper, and the Elder greeted her by that name. "Yes. Here I am. Just Look at me! So strong and hearty!" (She looked like "the one red leaf, the last of its clan") Don't you remem- -ber in '57 at the meeting in St Mary Axe when the brethren were all saying I was too old and feeble to go out to join the Saints, that I said I wanted to start if I died on the way, that the Lord might know I tried to obey his words and go to the gathering in of Zion. And you said "Sister, you shall go. I feel to promise you ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33_F2_p173.jpg) 184 that you shall reach the Saints and see your children's children, and peace upon Israel." And I have', cried the old creature, with joyful tears; 'I have seen my children's children, and it's not four weeks sin' I helde my first great-great-grand child in these arms. I wasn't quite ready to depart before; but I am now, and especially since I have seen you again. The Lord bless you, Elder Potteau, for the good words you spoke that day!" Some of the women took her away into another room to rest, for she was quite weary with her emotion. The saints who were used to his presence took Brother Brigham's arrival at a village tranquilly, but newcomers to in Utah greeted him as if he were the President of the United States. There was a woman Parowan [Written sideways in left margin] June 1, 1873 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33_F2_p174.jpg) 185 with snow-white hair who almost kissed his hand, and who went round to all the party shaking us hands with both hands, and patting us. She had only been in Utah three months, and had come out among a whole train of poor, almost destitute people. When such arrive the Bishops of the different wards have to provide them with homes and work, and Bishop Norman had taken her to the shelter of his own roof, because her entire deafness made her rather an unacceptable inmate to most people. <"But> I can make you hear, can't I?" screamed the jolly wife into her ear, growing purple with the exertion. The deaf woman nodded with a pleased look, and said "Never once yet!" Fortunately for Mrs Norman,<'s confusion> she continued, who looked disap- -pointed, she went on to tell me, that "never ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33_F2_p175.jpg) 186 once yet' had she regretted leaving England. The saints were so good to her, notwithstanding her infirmity. I thought Mrs Norman cer- -tainly was, when I saw how much trouble they had to make her understand anything. Mrs Norman said she always went to meeting, and seemed to enjoy it as much as if she knew what was said , and I noticed that one of the wives remained at home to take care of the house that evening to let Priscilla go to meeting "because it was one of the few pleasures she seemed to have". She had had some awful calamity which whi- -tened her hair in early youth, she had told them, but her deafness had come on gradually. She was a "servant" in the Normans' house, I suppose, but in these Southern settlements at least there is no distinction made between mis- ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33_F2_p176.jpg) -tress and servant. The younger "Sisters" think it no degradation to go to live in the houses of the married ones and help them in their work, and when work is over they sit down to meals or "go to parties" together. I have met a Bishop's daughter at a dance, dressed in a white muslin, who has opened the door for me next morning with arms fresh from the wash tub, when I went to call upon her mistress. It did me no harm, though it startled me, I admit, when she shook hands with on leaving me in the parlour and apologised for being unable to remain with me. Sometimes they marry the master. To my unsanctified apprehension I it would see that no wife would ever wish to hire "help" with that possibility before her eyes! I knew one woman who claimed from her ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33_F2_p177.jpg) mistress the fulfilment of a jesting promise that if she served her faithfully for seven years she would give her to her husband to wife. At the end of the seven years, she jilted the man to whom she was engaged, recalled the forgotten promise to her mistress's mind, and became her master's wife. There was no question of af- -fection on either side: I believe she merely wished to share in his glory in Heaven; <–with> not to speak of a modest competence here below. I give her up to you, dear Father, to abuse to your heart's content. Apparently she angled for a rich man, quite as much as if she had not been a saint. It is not for such as she that I ask your pity and sympathy. It is for those women who have become "plural wives" from a sense of duty, and who think their ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33_F2_p178.jpg) lot happy because they deem that God's blessing rests upon its hard conditions. I would have you pity Delia J. for instance; the wife of a man double her age. Of her the first wife said to me, "Delia is the blessing of my life. It is true that she has had trouble in polygamy. She could not bring her mind for a long time to see it to be her duty. But she is recon- -ciled now. I thank the Lord every day that now that I am infirm, Brother Samuel has her at his side to watch over him and see that his health and comfort are attended to as he is growing old." Childless herself, this Delia is dearly loved by all the other wives' children; some of them older than she is. That first wife's eldest daughter said to me unaffectedly one day, when we happened to interrupt an earnest conference between her mother and Delia: "Mother loves her better than any of us; and admits her into her inmost confidence; because ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33_F2_p179.jpg) of course she is nearer to Pa' than we can be." Pity her! I pitied her intensely! I saw her wince at an allusion to her childlessness, and thought how happy that devoted, affectionate nature might have made a home where she ruled sole mistress of the heart of a husband worthy of her. Yet Delia was one of those who spoke most earnestly to me of Polygamy as of Divine Institution, and rejected with horror the solution of the Mormon difficulty which I advocated. That Congress should forbid any future polygamous marriages, but legalise those that already existed seemed to me both just and merciful. "Secure my social position!" she once repeated after me. "How can that satisfy me! I want to be assured of my position in God's estimation. If Polygamy is God's order we must carry it out in spite of human laws and persecutions. If our marriages have been ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33_F2_p180.jpg) sins—Congress is no Vice-gerent of God: it cannot forgive them , nor make what was wrong, right. "Hard for me if Polygamy were abolished, without some provision for women situated as I am!" Yes, but how much harder to bring myself to accept such a law as you speak of! and admit I should be admitting, that all I have sacrificed has not been for God's sake. I should feel as if I were agreeing to look upon my past life <-as a-> as a worthless woman's‑upon which I had never had His blessing. I'd rather die!" How I detested her husband as she spoke. I felt sure he could not believe that that was a divine ordinance which sacrificed those women's lives to his. I heard him say that when "Joseph" first promulgated that Revela- -tion he "felt that the grave was sweet! All that winter whenever a funeral ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33_F2_p181.jpg) same Chapter with Parowan passed; "and it was a sickly season," I would stand and look after the hearse and wish I was in that coffin! But that pas went over!" I should think it had gone over! He has had at least half a dozen wives. PAROWAN TO CEDAR We had a serenade at Parowan as well as at Nephi, but I was so tired that I fell asleep before it was ended. K. praised the sing- -ing; and in answer to my inquiries told me that four babies in arms made their appearance with their Mammas the female singers of the choir. Next morning, too, the brass band made their appearance, as we took our departure; some what to the discomposure of the nerves of one of the horses who broke away from the groom who was harnessing him and after careering ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33_F2_p182.jpg) Parowan to Cedar City 20 July 22 75 Careering round the yard, leaped the fence and galloped off to the open country. The time occupied in recapturing him enabled the band to give us a number of airs, and very well they played them. Our morning drive to Cedar City was uninteresting; volcanic rocks, sage brush, rabbit bush and greasewood on the plain, the hills dotted with the low unpicturesque cedars. Coming towards Cedar City we saw long cracks in the earth five to ten feet across, and ten to fifteen feet deep, the result of drought. To compare large things with small the plain for a mile resembled those summer-dried [-] places in the middle of one of our clayey lanes where a puddle has dried up in summer, and the clay is seamed with myriads of cracks over which the yellow ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33_F2_p183.jpg) 194 butterflies delight to sport. Next we came to a ruined foundry. where the Mormons had made an attempt to flux the ores of the neighborhood. Much money has been made in Utah, but there are enough evi- -dences of abandoned experiments enterprises to show how faithfully the Mormons have endeavored to utilise the resources of the country, and to protect its manufactures. The faithful wear homespun, and use inferior tools, and produce goods that return them but one per cent on the capital in- -vested, rather than look outside the Promised Land "for benefits the Lord has given them in it, if they could but exercise faith strongly enough to work with patience, and in spite of failure and disappointment, until mistakes are corrected experiments proved and the proper perseverance wins its end." Brigham ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33_F2_p184.jpg) Young is expected to put some of his capital into every good work, and this seems only fair. I believe that the foundry at Provo is to be re- -constructed now that they have succeeded in finding a coal suitable for their purpose within practical reach, and I suppose that the Mormons' efforts to make silk and cotton and woollen goods, to work iron, make produce sugar and molasses, wine, prunes, figs raisins and so forth, will finally be success- -ful. They do not aim to put on the general market of the world an article which shall drive others out, because it is the best and cheapest of its kind. Their object is to provide each settlement with some industry which shall make it a self-supporting, [and the natural resources of the neighborhood are faithfully ex tested. The The infant manufacture is expected to be encouraged ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33_F2_p185.jpg) by the Saints, in spite of the temptations to purchase delusions of cheaper the cheaper Gentile productions that penetrate everywhere in the Territory, and the <‑in short,> manufacturers are expected to show their faith by in Providence by going in the teeth of John Stuart Mill. It would have been ludicrous if it had not been pathetic to hear the ex- -hortations to Saints who <123 Davis> [had settled been told off to Southern settlements where the desert had failed to blossom as the rose, and the torrid sun had disordered their livers. They were reminded that they looked upon their prospects with jaundiced eyes, and assured that it was only the weakness of their faith which made them fail to see the means of subsistence at their feet. Had they tried the silkworm faithfully? There was Sister Murray who had done so, and succeeded, ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33_F2_p186.jpg) really 194 Had they tried making fuel of the tar of pitch pine; had they examined practically all that might be made of the pitch pine of the cañons? Had they made mattresses of the fibre of the soap plant, or dried it for exportation? I recall now a sanguine speaker running on with a dozen such bootless illus- -trations of the "capabilities" of the region in which we were, while I looked out from the open window of the Meeting House upon the barren, barren plain. which the poor Saints of the congregation were vainly trying to improve. The plain sparkled in the sunshine. It was white for miles, with Soda! and the alkali was the most discouraging feature of the leprous landscape. But his hopeful disposition failed to suggest the idea that I hear is now under consideration at Washington. It is proposed that such lands shall be sold to future settlers at a higher price than ordinary ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33_F2_p187.jpg) Government lands, to wit, as if they contained coal and iron, silver or gold—in Washington English— as Mineral Lands. Had the Preacher but thought of that! ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33_F2_p188.jpg) 200 Cedar City When we fairly entered Cedar City I was pleased with its many long rows of trees. It is a (comparatively) old town, and they have had time to attain a very large size. The street where we halted was a shady avenue, and the lidss drooped of my homesick Evan's eyes as the breeze rustled in the leafless branches, arching overhead. Underfoot was a sheet of ice. The person whose duty it was to shut off the water at night that flowed through the streets had forgotten to do so the night before, and the ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33_F2_p189.jpg) 20[-] channels had frozen on the surface and over- -flowed and frozen again. We drew up before a large brick house in which a great bell swung. It had been made at the foun- -dry, and when I suggested to our hostess that the noise it made must be deafening to them so close to the window of the she answered with simplicity. "Oh no; there's such a crack in it that it makes hardly any noise at all." Our host was a blind man. Hardly yet in the prime of life, the terrible disease of the eyes, which is so prevalent in Southern Utah, had fallen upon him, and all the afflictions of Job in the way of losses of cattle and other property to have followed. He would have been abso- -lutely helpless, but for the exertions of his two brave little wives; little hens that scratched ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33_F2_p190.jpg) the barnyard faithfully for the support of the brood. They turned the house into an inn, and though it was but sparsely furnished it was spotlessly clean; as I know, for I sat part of the afternoon in the kitchen. The wife who was busiest there had no children of her own, though one of the other wife's had been given to and reared by her; and she had the neat bright kitchen strangely furnished. One end was covered with oilcloth, and in front of a window-full of scarlet geraniums stood a table with the brightly polished telegraph apparatus; and she turned from her stove and its pots and pans to her battery and needle point without flurry or embarrassment. I asked her whether it had not been hard for her to learn; for she was no longer young. She said "yes; that her fingers were inflexible, and that ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33_F2_p191.jpg) it had been very hard to eyes unused to delicate sewing and ears unpractised to listen to fine sound. She spoke of herself as a rough and uneducated woman, though I found she had an accurate ear for music and a lovely voice in singing. But she had mastered her profession well enough to read by ear what was going over the wires, and I believe that is considered a tolerable test. I like to see women telegraphing, it is dainty work well suited to our sex; and on our Eastern Roads the officers tell me that the women clerks telegraphers are more steadily attentive to their duties than men, and of course seldomer; I hope I may say never, stupid with the fumes of tobacco or liquor. Their offices are cleaner too, and gay with flowers, and those who for their sins are compelled to wait for a train at a wayside station appreciate this ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33_F2_p192.jpg) 204 difference. Still, women yield to one dissipation men are less apt to indulge in., and it was a characteristic that betrayed the sex of the telegrapher at the place we had left in the morning; when Mrs Hunt remarked to her sister-wife that evening, that "Parowan has been called fr by St George three times without answering. She will go to meeting!" Mr. Hunt did what he could to help, poor fellow, and poked about with a long stick, as he directed his little boys in the barn and garden. They had a garden which must have been very pretty in summer, the large beds having neat box edges, and the main walk passing between fine peach trees. In the His voice and manner, though melancholy and subdued, were those of a gentleman; and I ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33_F2_p193.jpg) sitting apart beside the fire I overheard what was probably not intended for my ears. His little unkempt barefooted boys had followed him into the room. He sat down with my Evan on his knee, and passing his hand over the child's curling locks, and the fine cloth of his jacket, said to his own sons: "Lads, when I was your age, I was dressed like this, and a servant waited upon me. When you grow to my age, remember I never grudged what I have undergone for my faith." In the morning when we assembled for prayers, he was prayed for, Mormon fashion, "Bless his lids that the swelling thereof may diminish and his eyeballs that the inflammation may cease, and the nerve of his eyes that its sensitiveness may be restored, and that he may see again the beauty and the glory of Thy Kingdom." After we rose, as the custom was in ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33_F2_p194.jpg) many houses, the family sang a hymn; and it touched me to see him, (although there were two wives, which naturally repelled me,) standing with his hand on the shoulder of one, the telegraph operator, while the other had her little ones grouped about her, and sing- ing, "Mercy, oh thou Son of David, Thus blind Bartimeus prayed." Poor man! His eyesight, I heard, did get a little better before we left Utah, and he became able to "see men as trees walking", and for even that cloudy vision he was thankful. As he said after prayers that day, "It might be the Lord's will to grant him sight, and if so his faith should not be wanting to enable him to lay hold of the blessing. While I was acquainting myself with this simple household, K. was pestered in the parlour by some of the same class of mining speculators who beset him at Salt Lake City. There were some plain farmers who had come to seek counsel of "Brother Brigham" whether ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33_F2_p195.jpg) 207 to sell their farms to speculators, or to go shares with them in seeking minerals, or simply to plod on using their coal only for family purposes. These gaped with open mouths at the glib eager man who had his pocket full of speci- -mens from this and that neighboring mountain, and who pressed upon K. a share in his enter- -prise in return for a loan of capital his worn boots showed his need of. He had fine speci- -mens, but their value was impaired to experienced eyes by their having been "doctored". Still Cedar City probably has a grand future before it, possessing both coal lime and iron one ores in convenient proximity to each other. I hope Mr. Hunt's boys may share the prosperity of their birthplace! K. presently made his escape to ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33_F2_p196.jpg) 208 a more interesting group. Outside the windows near the big bell, stood all the winter afternoon a patient cluster of Indians. One sat on a rough pony who stood motionless with drooping head, tired apparently by a long journey. The rider had his foot bandaged, and glanced from time to time at the parlour win- -dow. Did he hope the Great Medicine "Bigham" would come out and cure him? He never said anything and rode quietly away at dusk. I knew "Bigham" couldn't cure him, but felt half-provoked that he didn't come out and make-believe to do so. The leader, a well built, and for a Ute, rather handsome man, could speak a few words of Mexican-Spanish. He bore a name, common to many heads of chiefs in Utah, but not then ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33_F2_p197.jpg) He was a but not the Captain John Juan or Jack. I transfer this mention of him from my diary here solely because I have a long story to tell of him further on. He became possessed with the notion that he was divinely inspired and did some frightfully queer things. I have seen something of insane persons, and a good deal more of religious enthusiasts, but a red Indian crazy upon religion is the hardest character to understand I can conceive of. The belief of some of these characters in their most ridiculous fancies is abso- -lute. One of them for instance, who was at one time a great friend of this very John, ordered his followers to kill him, to prove how instantly he would receive a new body. He laid his head down: they chop- -ped it off; and I visited his grave. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33_F2_p198.jpg) Kannarra. Our next stage from Cedar City was to Kannarra. "Wrap up the children well," Mrs Jane said, as we were about starting, "you will need all the warm clothing you have. We shall reach the Rim of the Basin this evening." We thanked her afterwards for the timely warning. Our way lay along a level plain forming an avenue between mountains that gradually drew closer to- -gether toward the South where opened the one wide pass of Kannarra. Before sunset we caught sight of a great mountain ablaze with colour, which we called Mt. Sinai. It stood apart on our left, half withdrawn behind two gray masses which we christened the Twin Friars: a natural rock portal revealing the entrance to a gloomy Cañon at their feet. Hardly, in the fore- -ground, appeared some crumbling adobe walls, fast ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33_F2_p199.jpg) resolving themselves into the red earth from which they had sprung, and—emblem of desolation—an aban- doned grave yard where the gray tombstones were all aslant, and half buried in the drifting sand that had begun to wear them out of shape, and efface the lettering of the names engraved upon them. The shrill wind was busy at its work of heaping up the sand upon them, and blew a steady blast of chilly air that penetrated all our mufflings. For the gorge we were passing was Kannarra Cañon, the true name of the great mountain was the Peak of Kannarra, and the desolation before us the abandoned village of Kannarra, from which the wind had driven the settlers. Absolutely nothing, not even a potato they told us, could be grown there. The mere obstruction of a garden fence served to gather a mountain of sand when the wind rose, and one day the settlers were threatened with being buried alive; while ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33_F2_p200.jpg) and the next perhaps a still stronger wind would sweep away sand, fences, roofs and walls, and leave the plain smooth and naked as a sea-beach. So they withdrew to a new "location," a little more sheltered, but still in the Pass, for the Conference had decided it to be necessary to hold the Post against Indian incursions. We reached this place shortly after. It was a cheerless spot enough. Most of the houses were mere adobe huts; but there was one substantial brick building, and in this we were quartered. We had a spacious bedroom, but the skill of all the hospitable Roundhed family failed to induce the fire to do anything but fill the room with gusts of smoke; and we gave up, thinking that, if the Roundheds could endure it all winter we certainly could for one day. Moreover, as Mrs Roundhed remarked philosophically; ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33_F2_p201.jpg) "It was a mercy it was this wind; because if our stove drew, the fire in the sitting-room would have smoked, and all the party had to sit there." As it was, we were very comfortable beside the great fire that roared up the sitting room chimney, and the children were amused by the draught that lifted the heavy cocoa-matting on the floor in waves. Whoever entered from outside came in with a surprising suddenness, and The door slammed to indecorously behind the visitor before he could get his breath to gasp out "A Welcome to Kannarra!" Our hostess was almost bent double with Sciatica, and appeared to be one of the Saints who feel "Earth is a desert drear, Heaven is my home." Not that she did not set before us a bountiful meal, well-cooked and seasoned with hospitable words, but she seemed to think she had not yet found her abiding city, and that it was hardly worth while ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33_F2_p202.jpg) for her to set her affections on any place here below:-- certainly not on Kannarra. Her husband's father had been one of the earliest of Joseph Smith's followers, and father and son had adhered to the faith with the tenacity of mastiffs. ❡ Those who are thorough- -ly trustworthy by nature may be sure that Society will give their virtue full opportunity to develop itself. The unselfish dutiful child in a family is always adequately "put upon". To the bravest soldier is ever given the honour of leading the "forlorn hope." The Roundheds, I learned, had been pioneers in divers dismal settlements. They were among the founders of that "Happy Valley" in Nevada, where the dogs scratched savagely in the sand for places to cool their burning feet, and hens threw themselves on their backs and waved their claws in the air to obtain like relief. I am not speaking in jest. I have the directest obtainable authority for the ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33_F2_p203.jpg) anecdote that Sister Morris found a young chicken on her mantel-piece which had hatched out from the egg there. It was one of three eggs, the first laid in the new settlement, set up on the mantle piece as a special delicacy for her husband and forgotten accidentally when "Colin cam' to town The Sister gave up raising chickens, be- -cause the hot sand cooked the eggs nearly as fast as the hens laid them; and although the hens were willing to sit on them till they broiled themselves, nothing came of their devotion. This was in the charm- -ing Mormon "Cotton" settlement on The Muddy River, called Saint Thomas. Mrs Roundhed, bent with sciatica, in wind- swept Kannarra, cherished tender thoughts of St. Thomas, where her rheumatism would certainly have been "thawed out." I thought her situation unenviable ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33_F2_p204.jpg) but the next time I came that way by Kannarra when the snow lay a foot deep on her doorstep I pitied her more. A month before, her husband had been detailed to head that exploring mission among the Indians near the San Francisco Mountain in Ari- zona, which caused so much speculation in our Eastern newspapers. She had been ever since shut up in Kannarra, not knowing whether he was alive or destroyed by savages, or starved to death, or frozen, down some half-mile deep Cañon of the Colorado. I had the pleasure of giving her the first news of his safety. The messenger who brought her her husband word that he was set apart for this mission told me that he arrived in the middle of the night. Mrs Roundhed got up without a mur- -mur, kindled a fire and prepared a meal for him. As she tended her cookeries, she heard ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33_F2_p205.jpg) 216 the conversation imperfectly. She raised herself from her stooping position at the fire, and with one hand on her aching back, and the other sup- pressing a yawn, said as quietly as if it were an every day thing: "Well, Brother Gunn, I sup- -pose this means another Move for the Saints? The Lord knows I'm ready!" I am sure I hope she will be de- -tailed to some settlement, on our own planet where there are green pastures beside still waters. Of course I saw Kannarra at its worst. Doubtless its winds are grateful in summer to those who toil up from the hot plains. And I am told that there is fine ranching ground only five or six miles off, fine coal too, near and plentiful, and iron ore. We spent Sunday at Kannarra ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33_F2_p206.jpg) My husband and children went to the little Meeting House, whence the boys returned awed by their recollections of the hideous painted faces of some Pi-edes who had flattened their noses against the window-panes of the building back of where they sat. <"Now," Evy declared, "I know what my>"Enough" Evy declared, "to give them nightmares for a year." As for me, I had found my first breath of the keen air more than enough, and had withdrawn to the fireside, where I was enter- -tained for the remainder of the day by one of the informal audiences I have spoken of. One Brother was "breathing fl fire and slaugh- -ter" against the Pi-edes; and, the Bishop's exhortations having failed to inspire charity in his breast, he was brought to Brother Brigham to be "counselled" into submissiveness. I was told that he was a "rash man", venturing out alone from the settlements, and had been repeatedly chased by the Indians; but that "it was his brothers who got into the bad scrape." ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33_F2_p207.jpg) "What was that?" I inquired, desiring to hear some adventure with a triumphant end. "Well, both his brothers and the wife of one of them were pursued and killed. They were not scalped; but they were stripped, and their wagon robbed." "By the Navajoes I suppose?" "Why, no;" said my informant sinking his voice, and looking cautiously at the bereaved brother, "they were Pi- edes; and he thinks he recognises one of his sister’s earrings and a brooch of hers on one of them that are round here today." It is hard to keep the younger brethren from avenging such wrongs promptly, but unless the case is clear to the criminal’s tribe, it would lead to a vendetta regular vendetta. But I really think the patience of the Mormons with the Indians surpasses anything we read of the Quakers or Moravians. You never hear the Mormon gallants boast of prowess at the savages' expense: their whole tone is different ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33_F2_p208.jpg) from ours. They talk of the duty of avoiding tempting them by travelling alone or unarmed. Their Elders will not hear of vengeance on a tribe or band committed by individual members of it. They think highly of the Indians’ "sense of justice", and unless an outrage committed can be fully traced to some previous offence of a white for which it is a reprisal, they Mormons attribute it to some "bad Indian" whom his chief will would be quite as willing to punish as we would one of our white criminals. Bishop Roundhed spoke of the bands of Navajoes of whom we had heard at Kannarra Beaver. They had stated their case fully simply to him: If he would trade, they would be friends, and buy his horses with blankets; if not, as they wanted horses and must have them , Bishop Roundhed, could watch the ranches his best, and they would help themselves when and where they could. He Said "I had no horses, but I thought it best for the safety of the Co-op herd to send up to the ranche for a ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33_F2_p209.jpg) lot of 'broncos'. They were some that we hadn't been able to do anything with." Brigham Young nodded acquiescence, and I asked whether the Navajoes would buy unruly "broncos". "Yes indeed", the Bishop answered, "and in a few hours they came riding quietly back to Kannarra on the worst ones we had, as quiet as you please. The Navajoes are wonderful horse-tamers." I asked whether their method was known. He replied that they carried the horses out of the way to subdue them; but he had seen them rub a little of a red powder which they had with them, on an unruly horse's nose, and bring it into instant subjection. They would not sell him any of this powder, nor tell him what it was. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33_F2_p210.jpg) 24th July Then Roundhed was bidden to pro- -pose a speculation to the next band of Nava- -joes that came along. The "Church Herd" on <[-] one of> the islands in the Salt Lake has mul- -tiplied so fast that and there are now a large number of wild horses . No one lives on the island, but a number of wolves dispute its supremacy with the horses; and the horses have battled with the wolves for life‑the supplies of food for the wolves being scanty‑until they have grown so fierce that no man dares to attempt taming them. The proposition to be made the Navajoes was that they should tame the herd on shares. They should receive one half the horses for their pains: (the Mor- -mons to have first choice, however.) Bishop Roundhed seemed to think the Navajoes ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33_F2_p211.jpg) would embrace the offer. He showed me seven fine blankets which he had received in exchange for one small mare. These Navajo blankets are waterproof, and many of them of varied colours; red, white, blue and black in the same blanket. Some [of them] are woven with complicated designs varying with the humour of the weaver. Unlike the lazy Pi-edes and Utes, there are Navajo men who think it not beneath their dignity to work, and will sit patiently on their heels in the sunshine all day, twirling the spindle. The different styles of Indian blanket vary more than our own do, but an Amateur can tell the difference between a Moquis, and Apache, or a Navajo blanket at a glance. I have spoken of the "Co-op Herd". In Utah they have carried the principle of co-operation very far, and finding how well it pays are pushing it in every direction. Each settlement ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33_F2_p212.jpg) has its herd, its dairy, its stores, its irrigating channels and its fields managed on this basis; and the effort so far to restore the primitive Christian com- munism is entirely successful in settlements where the brethren live alone without Gentiles to come in on them. One fence will enclose the har- vest fields or cotton grounds of a whole settlement, each brother doing his share of the labour, and being credited with his portion of the produce. May 15, 1873 The excellent roads that carried us from one end of the Territory to the other are not maintained at the cost of the entire population. The sums voted by the Legislature are small, as the nominal taxation of Utah is very light; but the brethren from each settlement come out and make the road as part of the Tithing of their Labour. The Bishops act as unpaid Supervisors, and Brigham Young praises or blames each day's ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33_F2_p213.jpg) as he comes to his journey's end over it. Of course the tithing is not exacted from the Gentiles, and the Mormon Roads are of great service to our miners, for the carriage of their heavy freights. And equally of course, the Mormons feel a little like the Elder Brother in the parable, seeing the prodigal's caravan rolling to the mines: where they cannot go. SOUTHERN OVER THE RIM OF THE BASIN We were told to prepare for eighteen miles of rough road when we left ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33_F2_p213a.jpg) Evan Kane ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33_F2_p214.jpg) Kannarra, and we certainly encountered them. We were fairly in the rocks, and the lava blocks are the flintiest stones I ever heard ring against horse-shoe and wheel-tire. The air was so clear that objects stood out in stereoscopic relief. The view was perpetually changing as our horses brought us abreast of openings in the gray moun- -tain wall on our left, revealing glimpses of a crowded world of red and yellow crags and peaks beyond. More golden sunshine seemed to rest on them than fell on us outside. For me to say that they were un- -naturally vivid in colour and harsh in their contrasts, would only signify that I was used to the gentle outlines and soft hues of Nature at home.—Moses led his people forty years through such scenery as this. Afterwards, we seemed to come upon a great sloping down or upland moorland, sparsely studded with yuccas. Fairly tired out with gorgeous scenery I had just thrown myself back on the cushions, thinking, "Now ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33_F2_p215.jpg) for an uninteresting drive, I am half glad of it," when the carriage ahead of us stopped and the driver comes back to us. "Brother Young says, "Please watch you crack, Mrs K.'" I leaned out. There was nothing, surely, there. The sloping plain seemed to have a fold or wrinkle in it, so that its outline against the sky was broken, as our coal miners would say by a "fault", and resumed its slope, about fifteen feet lower. For politeness sake however, I watched the "fault". As we approached, altering our course I saw that it was a crack in the earth, and that the road runs toward it. A few minutes more, and [we are winding down a narrow chasm road painfully ex- -cavated along the side of what I now see to be a chasm, sheer down which I can look hundreds of feet—and I much prefer not looking! But K. insists, and the ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33_F2_p216.jpg) children laugh at my cowardice, and I gaze in fas- -cinated terror. We are so close to the edge that every now and then, a stone our wheel has dislodged goes bounding down the precipice, hardly touching the steep side once before it strikes the frozen ice below. of the tiny stream below. We wind in and out of the corners of the great chasm, making short half- -turns, President Young's coupe' taking the lead. He stops when he has rounded each, and we see him looking out at us opposite us‑almost within hand shaking distance it seems‑until our more unwieldy carriage has safely turned the angle, and then as we pursue our way we see the re- -maining vehicles crawling along the curves we have just run. I am so glad to notice that one of the Mormon women is as great a coward as I am! She is burying her face in her hands and her husband is rallying her as mine rallied ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33_F2_p217.jpg) me three minutes ago at the same spot. We are descending rapidly. I find I like rounding the outer curve of the precipice still less than taking the inner. The stream still falls more rapidly than the road, for I have made a hurried mental calculation that my courage can hold out until we have accomplished the five [hundred feet of descent we first looked down upon. But we ought to have done that half a mile ago, and we seem to be looking down from a greater height still. "Oh me!" I exclaim, "Is there no way of getting home in Spring without coming back this way!" No, only this, unless I like to go down through the Apache country better. At last we near the bottom. The stream, released from its icy fetters, dashes gaily at our feet, and we are level with the top of a mag- -nificent stone-pine, the one and only big tree ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33_F2_p218.jpg) I have seen in Utah. No. Here is another, sheltered by the great rock wall, and now we are out of Ash Creek Cañon, and over the Rim of the Basin! We had descended a thousand feet, they said, I K. contradicted them: which I thought was a great shame. ❡ The air was perceptibly warmer. A pool of water near which we passed was not in the least frost bound. The evening grew chill however, before we reached Belleview, a place which belies its name being in a narrow valley between steep mountains. There had been some discussion at Kannarra as to our remaining here for the night. Some of the party were in favour of pushing on, if possible, to St George. Little Mabel had inspired my boys with an eager desire to stay at Belleview, where she had spent a child's hap- -py summer, and was positive that Mr. Dawes' barn could accommodate all the horses, and Mrs Dawes' hospitality provide for all the travellers. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33_F2_p219.jpg) The decision was that we should halt at Kannarra, and the female suffrage I will not deny was in favor of a late start next morning. making the late start from Kannarra to which we had owed the sunset-colouring of our afternoon drive. I had an impression that Mr. Dawes' farm-house as a mere summer shelter for the family, to which they retired when heat made their town house at St George unbearable; and at best expected it to turn out a cold barn-like place. I forgot that a Mormon could have as many housekeepers as he had houses. It was dark when we drew up at the kitchen door of the farmhouse. A ruddy light streamed out and our new hostess stood on the thresh- -old to greet us. The kitchen was as neat as a parlour, and the aromatic scent of hot coffee came pleasantly to our hungry senses- the proof that we were expected. Another Mrs Dawes, as trim, pretty and youthful looking as the one who re- -ceived us, came from the stove where she was su- ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33_F2_p220.jpg) -perintending some delicate cookery, and the two conducted our rooms. I had my choice of two equally comfortable ones, and found them both brightly carpeted, and well furnished. Summoned to supper, I entered a large pleasant room, with a blazing fire, and a look of refinement about the its arrangement that was in delightful contrast to the wild scenes I had been gazing on during the afternoon. In an instant Arabia Deserta had blossomed into Arabia Felix. All our companions seemed in the best of spirits, and the mountains of rolls, the piled up dishes of steaming potatoes, the steaks and chickens that our party made an end of before the more fanciful edibles, the cakes and pies and preserves were attacked; were enough to have justified the debate whether it was fair to come down on Belleview household on such short notice as we were compelled to give. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33_F2_p221.jpg) But the little Dames flitted about from parlor to kitchen, smilingly pressing fresh supplies upon us, and encouraging us to empty their great glass pitchers of delicious cream, while we could, as the milk at St George was affected by the alkaline water, and peculiar grasses. After tea the females one and all withdrew into the kitchen to "help wash up"; a performance that seemed to be done to the tune of merry laughter, and accomplished in an incredibly short time. A lovely little baby girl tottered into the parlor, and signified her wish to be lifted on my knee to the delight of my boys with whom she began playing "Bo Peep". The women then came back, and we talked around the fire till a late hour. Outside I could see the a light leaping up at the foot of the mountain, and was told that the tele- -grapher who accompanied us had tapped the ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33_F2_p222.jpg) wire and was taking down the news by the warm blaze.—Again the anomaly: in this lonely place, in the mountain gorge; to hear read out as I presently did, the news that would not be published in the great cities till the morning of what had taken place this day in Congress, and the latest European sensation. The light of the telegrapher's fire drawing This operator, a man of approved courage and strength of character road on a strong limbed horse never far from the President's carriage. He was so quiet and reticent that I did not discover his office, or that he had any, until we were half way on our journey ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33_F2_p223.jpg) Wilkins The light of the telegrapher's fire drawing my attention to the window I noticed that it, and all the others in the rooms I had seen, were shaded by long curtains of knitted lace. Mrs Dawes had made them, she confessed with smiling pride. She had plenty of time; for Sister Fan. (the other little wife) had spent last summer with her; and having been very sick Fan grew nervous and liked her to spend the afternoon and evening sitting quietly by her bedside knitting. "Fan". did not live there then? "Oh no, Fan had a real nice house in St George. She and Mr Dawes had stopped for dinner on their way to a two-day meeting at Rockville, and the telegram came as they were sitting down. So of course they stayed to see us and Fan and she had been easily able to manage cook our supper between them." This was a friendly little woman, Baby ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33_F2_p224.jpg) had evidently inherited her cordiality. My praise of her handiwork quite won her heart, and when I passed Belleview on my way home she had prepared me a large tidy of the same lace, knitted from cotton grown at St George and spun at the Washington Factory near there, which she diffidently offered me as a souvenir. I often asked Mormon women; whenever indeed the question then before Congress was dis- -cussed‑and that was very often; whether they would be satisfied if their marriages were legalised and all future ones prohibited. The telegraphic despatcher of the evening having produced a con- -versation on the subject among the gentlemen, I asked Mrs Dawes' opinion. She was much em- barrassed, being a timid little woman, and I sup- pose a little afraid of an anti-polygamist like myself. She said she would rather not be ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33_F2_p225.jpg) asked. "Sister Dawes" (the eldest wife, a woman twice as big, and twice as old; whom I afterwards met) "was a very good talker." (She was indeed: a wonder in her way!) "But I," said she, "am very ignorant.- And besides", she added with a blush that dyed her cheek crimson, and a great effort to speak plainly, "it is not fair for you to take me as a sample of Mormon women—because I did not join the Church from faith—but because my family—all my sisters—had embraced the faith, and were about leaving England.—So I was baptised, the last thing; and therefore—as for religion- I am not as strong in it as I ought to be. But I have married a polygamist, and have lived with his other wives eight years,- and have been very happy—I took the position of Mr Dawes third wife,—and I feel I should have no right to complain if he took another. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33_F2_p226.jpg) 238 But then perhaps [-] I don't know: never having tried being married your way. Sister Dwining—at St George, where you are going tomorrow: if you would ask her. She was married twice in the States before she joined." At this there was a titter—I think at the fair ingénue's expense; but perhaps my own! At prayers that night I was struck by the unusual fervency of the petitions for the Lamanites (Indians) "that they might see visions and dream dreams that would lead them to embrace the truth." I suppose it was awing to a report two brothers from "Tocquer" brought of the doings of the prophet in the White Pine District. These Indians had information through their "runners" of the Modoc's uprising weeks before the rumor of it reached us by telegraph. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33_F2_p227.jpg) TO ST. GEORGE Going into Belleview kitchen in the morning I surprised President Young helping our rheumatic Philadelphia d'Orsay complete his costume. It was amusing to see John accepting every Civil Right "these yer Mormons" admitted him to as tributes to his monogamic superiority. Never a word of those profuse apologies which the natural politeness of coloured people under ordinary cir- -cumstances would have prompted on receiving such a courtesy from a white man of seventy years of age, passed his lips. He stood "severe in youthful beauty" and let the Mormon pontiff help him dress. We left Belleview under a cold gray cloud, in the shadow of the cliffs that overhung the valley. There was at first a gradual ascent to overcome. When it was surmounted we found the sun was two hours high, and the view suddenly burst upon us of a vast field of mountain tops, a medley of shapes and colours. These were the last of the Wah- -satch Range: we were ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33_F2_p228.jpg) coming down to the Rio Virgin and Great Colorado country: descending successive stages of levels, and changing the geological formations in which we were as we did so. After this I was to see the supreme wonders of Arizona; but I could never again experience the bewildered wonder I felt that day. No one had prepared me for what I was to see. The Mormons had kept it back as a surprise for K., who, when he passed up Utah from California, had come by the old Mormon Trail by way of the Vegas de Sta Clara to Cedar City. Far off in the East rose a chain of lofty mountains, their sides striped with party-coloured bands, terrace on terrace, to what seemed a great City; its golden buildings crowning the Summit. Behind its painted palaces the white towers a Cathedral appeared. The glowing colours were heightened by the snowy covering of still more distant peaks, some so far off as to be only faintly visible against the iridescent sky. The sun was now shining upon them in ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33_F2_p229.jpg) full splendour. We halted to feast our eyes, and a geologically disposed Mormon approached the carriage window to explain away obscure our perceptions by explaining the spectacle scientifically. rationally, thus: "These rocks", he said, "are considered to be Tertiary sedimen- -tary strata; more or less horizontally disposed, with a tenden- -cy to break or split down vertically—hundreds of feet to a face: The strata uncovered are of different colours, red and rose-pink sand- -stones, gray and white pink and tawny-yellow limestones and free-stones, and they are variously steeped and striped across by beds of marl or marlite. Fragmentary Again, being of different hardnesses, they weather down with varying degrees of rapidity. Fragmentary pieces of an upper layer of harder rock occasionally furnish water-proof roofs which protect the softer rock immediately beneath them. Elsewhere it wears down, leaving piers standing, fanciful pillars and similar resemblances. Hence arises the remarkable variety of pseudo- ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33_F2_p230.jpg) -architectural scenery which regales your vision." He ended with a concise little bow. I thanked him for his information, and took it down, verbatim; in his pres- -ence, but would have been better pleased to learn that I had been looking at a Fata Morgana that was soon to fade away. There was something saddening in that distant view of great courts and domes, empty and silent with no human history or legend attached to them. We were now, as I have said, over the Rim of the Basin, and rapidly descending; but still at a great elevation, with many summits to cross before reaching the plain. In all our turnings and windings, we saw from the top of each eminence, this great group—"The Navajo Blanket Series"—as the children bored with Geology, termed them—still giving the distinctive tone to less marked ranges. The foreground and middle distance was crowded with harsh contrasts to this rainbow beauty; the obliging geology of the region providing us with counterfeits of another ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33_F2_p231.jpg) style of human architecture, of anything but an engaging character. The ground over which we travelled was dislocated- disturbed on all sides by volcanic upheaval; "Rocks on rocks confusedly hurled, The remnants of an earlier world." Sometimes we crawled along the rim of an extinct volcano, the vast hollow of whose crater we had next to cross. Rounded blocks of lava, smooth and shining strewed the fire-burnt sands, and the wheels of the carriages rose and sunk abrupt- -ly in a most disconcerting manner . Then we would <153-Davis> [begin to climb hills covered with similar blocks as closely as if they had been thrown down at a storming party in some Titanic fight of former days, from the gray fortress frowning at the top. My eyes assured me that the first one I saw was the work of human hands, until I we had toiled upwards through the glazed stones for half an hour, and saw the walls assume their full size, and look down upon us precipitous basaltic cliffs. The younger ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33_F2_p232.jpg) men of the party had all left the wagons, and hastened to help the horses, sometimes putting their shoulders to the wheel, sometimes blocking it with stones, when the exhausted animals paused for breath. At some turns in the narrow track five or six would stand on the upper side of the road, and cling to each wagon as it passed, to keep it from toppling over. How frightened I was! My geological friend re-assured me, saying that we were almost at the top of the "mesa". The Spanish word was a novelty, and I fancied that it expressed the peculiar coping of the escarpment, until I remembered that it simply meant "table", and applied to the level above, which was supported by this fortress wall. In a few minutes we had penetrated a gap and were rolling smoothly along the sandy plain. Not all the carriages however. A halloo from the men at the gap stopped us abruptly, as the last vehicle emerged on the Summit, canted ludicrously to one side, its white canvas curtains flapping at every jolt ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33_F2_p233.jpg) like the wings of a great bird in distress. Poor Mrs Jane's wagon was the wounded Albatross. The jarring of the ascent had proved too much for it. While wheelwright straps and bandages were put on with Mormon ingenuity— of course precisely as directed by Brigham Young,- we alighted and walked ahead. Efforts were made to point out to me in the dreamland under the horizon, the snowy peaks called Kolob. "Kolob" is the Mormons' "Land of Beulah". Somewhere, much nearer to us, but hidden by a black ridge, they said, was an isolated hill known to the Indians as the Sacred Mountain. The Piedes say that God and His Saints came down in the days of their forefathers more than a hundred years ago, and encamped on the summit, whence they descended to converse with Men. To the disgust of the Mormons who liked the "Lamanite" legend, I hinted that this might be an indistinct tradition of the Spanish Missions. Heroic Jesuits and Dominicans penetrated further North than this, centuries ago. The Sacred Mountain may ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33_F2_p234.jpg) 234 have been one of their Stations. I have been informed that the names of many of them are recorded in Rome as having undergone martyrdom in these supernatural lands. Poor fellows! Dream never constructed in fevered brain the image of a more hideous land to die in! After this, anything like well-regulated landscape was lost in mere Sensation. Everything grew Red: the rock strata were of red sandstone. This was generally of a bright brick-red. The sands and earths, the result of their decomposition, over which we drove, were either a brick red, or a shade more trying, which glowed when seen under the sun's rays a true flame-colour. Once or twice when this orange blazed against the lava-blocks we had the truly diabolic livery of our Lord Sathanas. "blood and fire and vapor of smoke". We experienced a sense of physical relief when we wound down from the last "mesa", and left the Red Planet Mars" for our own placid green Earth. A black volcanic ledge shut out the last of the terrible grandeurs from us, and we found ourselves ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33_F2_p235.jpg) among flourishing settlements of human kind, chequered by squares of fields and regularly planted trees. We paused at a pretty little village, Harrisburg I think, to water the horses at the stream which flowed through vineyards and peach orchards. A red mountain stood as a back-ground, with a great arch in it which was conspicuous for many miles. Here it had been intended that we should dine, but we only watered the horses, and the two or three carriages that had come up rapidly followed us on. No lunch, and no stopping to feed the teams, and for the first time no waiting for the slower carriages to come up keep up with us! I wondered at it; and grew anxious; for, several miles back, my boys had begged to ride with Elder Potteau, and his wagon was out of sight. A little further on we drove up a steep ascent, and entered a dark cañon. There was a sudden halt; a little ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33_F2_p236.jpg) 248 bustle. I looked out. By the President's carriage appeared half a dozen horsemen, surrounding one whose horse's mouth was bloody, and who held a pistol in his hand. His own arms were grasped by two of the other horsemen, and his pale face wore a forced fixed smile. I saw a man peeping at us from behind the rocks who stole away unnoticed, and then the horsen riders galloped off with the pale man among them. What did it mean? I didn't know then: I don't know now; but I often wonder. But "Placid Earth," alas! Several other mounted men now appeared, and cantered along beside our carriages; but we had no farther adventures. The boys had been detained by a broken spring on the wagon ahead of them, and did not reach St George till late. We now went on more soberly: if there ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33_F2_p237.jpg) 245 had been any cause for alarm, it was over. For some time we had been noticing a change in the flora; at first a general tone of green was remarked, and attributed to the effect of the contrast in colour of the rich red earth soil; afterwards not doubted. Sage-bush and greasewood gave way to cactuses like great shrubs, ilexes, acacias and myrtles. By the time we reached the fields of Washington Factory we saw green grass along the irrigating channels there. The carriage windows were down open, and we threw aside one wrapping after another "marking how our garments were warm when He quieted the earth by the South Wind." We were now fairly in the delicious climate with which our winter was to be blessed. One more ascent, leaving the gray stone Factory behind, with its Cottonwoods fringing the dashing torrent, and we began the final descent to St George, seeing the Rio Virgen sparkle in the distance under the last ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33_F2_p237a.jpg) descended‑a herd boy met us, mounted, ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33_F2_p238.jpg) 250 <240> ray of sunset. Twilight was falling, and the plain below us was in shadow as we came to the end of our journey. Smokes and trees softly intermingled in the evening air as we looked down from the bluff upon the little town, and the gay voices of children reached us clearly. We descended, noticing a factory a Court House or Town Hall, wide red sandy streets, trees with grapevines clinging to them on the sidewalks, pretty rows of small but comfortable-looking house each in its own vineyard among fig and peach trees. We stopped before a large house, where lights were already burning in our suite of rooms, and I uttered a cry of delight as I saw on the table the first letters from Home! The dear familiar handwritings were our welcome to Saint George on Christmas Eve. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33_F5_p005.jpg) TWELVE MORMON HOMES VISITED IN SUCCESSION ON A JOURNEY THROUGH UTAH TO ARIZONA. PHILADELPHIA: 1874. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33_F5_p006.jpg) Entered, according to Act of Congress, in the year 1874, by WILLIAM WOOD, In the Office of the Librarian of Congress at Washington. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33_F5_p007.jpg) The following pages are printed for pri- vate circulation, but not anonymously. My daughter, during a recent visit to Utah, wrote for my perusal the Journal and Letters, from which they have been copied. I take upon myself the responsibility of publishing them, with the design of commanding sympathy for the MORMONS, who are at this time threatened with hostile legislation by Congress. From my daughter's conversation and other writings of hers on the same subject, I am con- vinced that any renewal of the persecution to which these unfortunate people have been sub- jected will confirm them in their most objec- tionable practices and opinions, and contribute directly to augment their numbers and influ- ence as a sect. WILLIAM WOOD. 4 WEST EIGHTEENTH ST., NEW YORK. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33_F5_p009.jpg) PANDEMONIUM OR ARCADIA: WHICH? "As I walked through the wilderness of this world, I lighted on a certain place where was a den." THE PILGRIM'S PROGRESS. BRIGHAM YOUNG, "President of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day Saints," makes an annual journey of inspection south, visiting the settlements of his people from the Great Salt Lake to the Arizona border. My husband was invited to join his party last winter, and I accompanied him with my two children, boys of eight and ten. We left Salt Lake City early one December morning, while the stars were still shining in the frosty dawn. At the depot a crowd of Mormons were assembled to see their leader off, and a committee of them filled the special car, on the Utah Southern Railroad, in which we made the first stage of our journey. We ran down Salt Lake Valley while the mountains on our left were still in shadow, but the golden sunrise was resting on the tops of those on our right, and ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33_F5_p010.jpg) gradually slanting down towards the plain. The snow had melted from all but the highest summits, and some of these were only veined with it in their ravines. Stepping to the rear of the car to look at a trestle-work that was very long and very high for timberless Utah, we had a beautiful view of the city we had left, nestling at the foot of the mountain; the blue Salt Lake, and Antelope Island in the distance. The dreamy tranquillity of the scene was succeeded by a busy one at SANDY STATION. We stopped to visit the newly- established smelting works of an English com- pany, managed by Germans. Outside, lay heaps of ore, stacks of ingots of silver, and pigs of lead. Entering, we found ourselves just in time to see a stream of boiling metal run from one caldron to another. It looked transparent, having a black clearness like alcohol, and as I stood look- ing down into it I could scarcely believe that it was lead. The works had only been in opera- tion a fortnight, but the foreman was in great delight over the results obtained by a new pro- cess, for the patent-right of which, he said, his company had paid $100,000. "It is as pure as the Swansea Works, and purer than we can obtain it in Germany," he exclaimed. "Only two pennyweights of silver to the ton of lead!" To my ignorance it seemed ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33_F5_p011.jpg) that the more silver there was, the better; but I found that he meant to express the complete separation of the metals effected by the new pro- cess. He wished to prove this on the spot by an interesting test, but our engine was hooting its impatience, and we were forced to resume our seats in the train. Mine was beside a sweet- looking elderly lady who, with her widowed sister, was to leave us at the next station to attend the meeting of a FEMALE RELIEF SOCIETY. She introduced the subject of polygamy abruptly, telling me, among other things, that to her it had been long known as revelation,* “Brother Joseph” having revealed it to her thirty-six years ago. She had proved its wisdom since! I learned that this woman had been one of Smith's own wives; the first "plural wife" of the sect! Since his death she had espoused another saintly personage. A few minutes' ride from Sandy Station brought us opposite the gorge of the "Little Cottonwood." It was hard to realize that thou- sands of men were busy in the recesses of that wild and desolate-looking ravine. Yet the famous, or infamous, Emma Mine is there; and opposite, across the sunny Jordan Valley, some *Yet the Mormon publications denied polygamy as late as 1852. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33_F5_p012.jpg) twelve or fifteen miles off—though seeming scarcely three miles distant in the clear atmo- sphere—we saw Bingham Cañon, another noted mining locality. A little distance down the line, clouds of smoke were pouring from the tall chimneys of another smelting establishment. So far we were still in “ Gentile” country. The Mormon president discourages mining among his people, but I suspect that a great many of his richer followers are interested in mining specula- tions. We left the train at LEHI. It was not an attractive-looking place, and I went no far- ther than the depot, where a crowd of stages, baggage-wagons, and hurrying men intercepted the view. As I sat warming myself at the ticket- office stove, a young lady, chief telegrapher from the Salt Lake office, with her dress neatly looped over her balmoral skirt, tripped up to the table where sat the Lehi telegraph clerk, a woman, too; and, after an effusive greeting, the pair subsided into business. The Lehi office was thoroughly inspected; satisfactorily, as it ap- peared from the tones of both ladies; the curt, dry, question and answer of the catechism end- ing in a pleasant chat, seasoned with adjectives and girlish interjections. It was an example of one of the contradictions of Mormonism. Thou- sands of years behind us in some of their cus- ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33_F5_p013.jpg) toms; in others, you would think these people the most forward children of the age. They close no career on a woman in Utah by which she can earn a living. I strolled out on the platform afterwards, to find President Young preparing for our journey —as he did every morning afterwards—by a personal inspection of the condition of every wheel, axle, horse and mule, and suit of harness belonging to the party. He was peering like a well-intentioned wizard into every nook and cranny, pointing out a defect here and there with his odd, six-sided staff engraved with the heiroglyphs of many measures; more useful, though less romantic, than a Runic wand. He wore a great surtout, reaching almost to his feet, of dark-green cloth (Mahomet color?) lined with fur, a fur collar, cap, and pair of sealskin boots with the undyed fur outward. I was amused at his odd appearance; but as he turned to address me, he removed a hideous pair of green goggles, and his keen, blue-gray eyes met mine with their characteristic look of shrewd and cunning insight. I felt no further inclination to laugh. His photographs, accurate enough in other respects, altogether fail to give the expression of his eyes. There were six baggage-wagons to accom- pany us. They had left Salt Lake City the day I* ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33_F5_p014.jpg) before, and now rolled slowly off to precede us to Provo. Under President Young's direction, his party were told off to their respective vehi- cles, and bade farewell to the friends who had accompanied them so far. Our carriage drew up first; and I was sorry to see that it was Mr. Young's own luxurious city coach, whose springs he had devoted to be shattered over the lava blocks in my invalid husband's service. Inside, it was so piled up with cushions and fur robes, that it was almost impossible to feel a jolt. Its handsomely-varnished outside panels were pro- tected by clean white canvas. What a red- stained, shabby covering reached the end of our seven-hundred-miles' journey! Behind us followed a carriage containing one of Mr. Young's married daughters, a pale, bronchitic-looking young lady, traveling for her health under the care of a Mrs. Young, who was returning to her home in a southern settlement. Beside them rode Mrs. Young's fair-haired little daughter, Mabel, and many a chorus she and my boys sang from their respective perches as we toiled on our journey afterwards. Next followed the carriage of Lorenzo Dow Young, a younger brother of the president, with his bright-eyed, sunburnt wife, alert and erect as a young woman, and a manly son of fourteen, their perfectly-reliable driver. After theirs, came ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33_F5_p015.jpg) various other vehicles, containing the superin- tendent of telegraphing in Utah, with his pretty wife; a blue-eyed, white-headed bishop from Pennsylvania—a Mormon bishop, I mean—and three or four other gentlemen in their own car- riages, who were to accompany President Young for the remainder of the trip. Not least, in his own estimation, followed a "colored gemman," an importation to Utah from Philadelphia, whose airs and ailments were henceforward to engross to distraction the time of the kind-hearted elder who withdrew him from the teamsters' company to give him a seat in his own carriage. When the last vehicle had started, President Young stepped into his own light coupe, which carried him at a brisk trot to his place at the head of the line. Our afternoon drive to Provo followed the margin of Utah or Timpanogos Lake, a shining sheet of fresh water, which came into view when the exigencies of the landscape demanded. Near its shore were several flourishing villages, ap- pearing in the distance as large fruit-orchards, with detached dwellings scattered through them. Hardly any "clap-boarded" houses are to be seen in Utah. The Mormons have an ugly, Eng- lish-looking, burnt brick; but adobe ("dobies") or unburnt brick is most commonly used. I ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33_F5_p016.jpg) prefer the adobe—its general tint is of a soft dove-color, which looks well under the trees. Sometimes the Mormons coat the adobe walls with plaster of Paris, which, in their dry climate, seems to adhere permanently. Its dazzling whiteness commends it to the housekeeper's, if not to the artist’s, eye. The walls of the best houses in Provo were white or light-colored, and, with their carved wooden window-dress- ings and piazzas and corniced roofs, looked trim as if fresh from the builder’s hand. We entered the grounds of one of the hand- somest of them, a villa built in that American- Italian style which Downing characterizes as indicating "varied enjoyments, and a life of refined leisure.” On its broad piazza our hostess stood ready to greet us; a buxom, black-haired, quick-eyed dame, who gave us a becoming welcome, and hailed the rest of the party with many a quip and merry jest as she led the way into her large parlor. In two minutes she had flitted up the stairway to show me my rooms; in two more she had committed my entertain- ment, so far as talking to me went, to another of her husband's wives, also a guest; and in about fifteen more she had all of our large party seated at a table, which was so abundantly spread that there was no more than room left for our plates. To be sure—New England fashion— ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33_F5_p017.jpg) we had, big and little, glass and china, about nine apiece. We had a brave long grace before meat. I noticed that before uttering it President Young's eye had wandered over the table, and seen every cover lifted, even the glass top of the butter- dish. The stoppers were taken from the de- canters of home-made wine. (I once saw, at a Mormon dinner-party in the city, the corks drawn from the champagne-bottles, which effer- vesced an accompaniment to the speaker!) I don't know why the covers were taken off; it would have made an epicure wish the grace— a full-fledged prayer—shorter, with such savory viands cooling. What had we for dinner? What had we not! Turkey and beef, fresh salmon-trout from the lake, wild duck, chicken-pie, apple-fritters, wild- plum-, cranberry-, and currant-jellies, a profusion of vegetables; and then mince-pies (drawn from the oven after the grace was said!), smoking plum-puddings for us, and wholesome plain ones for the children (who preferred the unwhole- some!); pears, peaches, apples, and grapes, pitchers of cream and scarcely less creamy milk, cakes, preserves, and tarts numberless, and tea and coffee. All were served and pressed upon us by our active hostess, for whom a seat was reserved at President Young's right hand— ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33_F5_p018.jpg) to which she was invited about once in five min- utes, replying, "Immediately, Brother Young,” “ Directly, Sister Lucy,” as she flew off, to re- appear with some fresh dainty. Such a busy woman! That she looked well to the ways of her household, no one could doubt who heard her prompt, cheery replies to the que- ries addressed her from time to time by President Young and her husband (he was also a guest, if a man can be a guest under his wife’s roof!) re- specting the welfare of the cows, and calves, and sheep, and hired boys, the winter’s provision of wood and coal, and the results of the summer’s husbandry. She conducted me over her house afterward, with a justifiable pride in its exquisite neatness and the well-planned convenience of its arrange- ments. She showed me its porte-cochere for stormy weather, its covered ways to barn and wood-shed, and the never-failing stream of run- ning water that was conducted through kitchen and dairy. I noticed the plump feather-beds in the sleeping-rooms, the shining blackness of the stoves (each with its tea-kettle of boiling water), that no speck dimmed her mirrors, and not a stray thread littered her carpets. It was not only here, but everywhere else in Utah, that I rejoiced in the absence of—well—spittoons, and of the necessity for them. I saw neither smoking nor chewing among the Mormons. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33_F5_p019.jpg) This Provo house was the very foppery of cleanliness. Small wonder that, with but one young girl to help her, its mistress had little leisure for reading. I had asked for books, meaning to judge of the character of the house- hold by their aid. There was only the Bible, the Book of Mormon, a photograph album, and Worcester's Dictionary in all that big house— except in a carefully-locked closet, where were the story- and lesson-books of her one child, a son, gone now to Salt Lake City to study a profession. When she opened this door and lovingly handled the volumes, speaking of her loneliness without him, tears gathered in her eyes. I thought myself of a home that I knew of, not half so tidy it must be confessed, over- flowing with books and music, playthings, and children's happy voices, where boys and girls gathered round their mother with their paint- ings, drawing, and sewing, while their father read aloud; and my own tears came as I thought how solitary her life must be when each day's work was done; how much more solitary it would be when the evening of her life closed in. No "John Anderson" to be her fireside companion, none of the comfort that even a lonely widow finds in the remembrance of former joys and sorrows shared with the one to whom she has been best and nearest. This woman would have ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33_F5_p020.jpg) only her model house, so clean and so white, so blank and vacant—even of memories! However, my pity seemed for the present uncalled for. My hostess was soon jesting with her guests. I must admit that she appeared to be a happy and contented woman. Our evening passed very quietly. President Young was suffering from a severe cold attended with fever, and the household retired early. While we were sitting in the long parlor he fell asleep before the fire, and the traveling party broke up into groups who chatted in low tones with the visitors who came in. When I went up-stairs after tea to put my boys safely to bed in their unfamiliar quarters, I had to draw down the window-blind to shut out the dazzling moon- light which kept them awake. The town seemed asleep, except in the direc- tion of the red-lit windows of a great meeting- house whither the elders of our company had repaired, and whence I could hear distant sing- ing. The mountains which shelter the town were distinctly visible: their snowy tops like fixed white clouds ; the hill-terrace at their foot, called Provo Bench, lying black in their shadow above the town. When I went down-stairs to take my leave for the night, I remarked to a guest, who was still lingering in the parlor, upon the extreme ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33_F5_p021.jpg)  beauty of the scene; and she detained me until she could narrate me a “ nice story” to associate with it when I returned to my moonlit rooms. She said that in the early days of the settle- ment, her brother-in-law, Charles Decker, came there by appointment to “ trade” with the great Ute chief Wah-ker or Wakarra. Wah-ker was the terror of the country, in his day, having un- disputed range over the region: from Utah through Arizona, into California. It pleased his highness to declare that the Great Spirit had ordered him to be friends with the Mormons. To prove his friendship, he brought them prop- erty for sale, which he could not dispose of to other purchasers. His Utes would often take infant captives from the weaker Indian tribes, who were heavy stock upon their hands: and these, Wah-ker would, with a mock-sober pre- tence of generosity, insist upon the Mormons buying. When Wah-ker announced that he was com- ing with his band to trade, the Mormons has- tened to buy what they must and get rid of their dangerous friend; as in a neighborless country-house the women hasten to buy, from the boisterous drunken peddler, wares enough to relieve them of his presence. The Mormons were not allowed to buy Indian children for slaves. Believing them to be La- ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33_F5_p022.jpg) manites, fellow-descendants of Israel,* like them- selves, though under a curse, they felt bound to adopt them into their families and treat them like their own children. Therefore, it was a costly purchase that Wah-ker invited them to make; and on this occasion, Decker and his comrades bought what the Indians had brought of other wares, such as dressed skins and ponies and Mexican saddles, but declined the human goods. Wah-ker then produced a shivering little four- year-old girl, whom he insisted on their buying. He asked an extravagant price, “ because he had brought her so far; away from the Santa Clara country.” Her “ board” could not have cost the hero much, for he used to picket his little captives “to a stake by a rope around their necks,” and for days at a time they had literally nothing to eat more than was afforded them by “ the run of their teeth” among the undergrowth within the length of their tether. _______________________________________________ * “ Those are the ten tribes, which were carried away prisoners out of their own land in the time of Osea, the king; whom Shalmaneser, the king of Assyria, led away captive. And he carried them over the waters, and so came they into another land. They took this counsel among themselves, that they would leave the multitude of the heathen, and go forth into a further country, where never mankind dwelt. That they might there keep their statutes, which they never kept in their own land. Then dwelt they there until the latter time.”—II. ESDRAS, xiii. 40-46. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33_F5_p023.jpg) The Mormons were willing to pay a rifle, and even to throw in a blanket to boot, but explained that they honestly had no more goods with them than were left on the trading-ground. On this, Wah-ker became enraged, and seizing the child by her feet, whirled her in the air, dashed her down, and then, as she lay quivering out her life, he snatched his hatchet from his belt and chopped her into five pieces. “Now, you can have her at no price,” he said. The narrator considered her story ended here, but I asked, “Well, what happened then?” “ Happened?” she echoed. “ Why, nothing. After Wah-ker’s temper was spent, he went off quite pleasant and dignified.” “But Decker,—your brother-in-law! Did Mr. Decker do nothing ?” “ He did try to jump out of his wagon and rush on Wah-ker, but his friends held him—held his arms, till he came to himself and cooled down. What could four men do against two hundred and fifty ?” I did not reply. I suppose the Mormons could have achieved nothing; but I think the story of the unpunished crime affected me more than it would have done if the child’s death had been avenged. The Indian stories I have heard, when they are true, don’t end prettily. No god in a ma- ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33_F5_p024.jpg) chine comes down to avert the stroke of fate. The witnesses look on like the chorus in a Greek tragedy. I suppose the ancients described reality ; but our modern novelists and play- wrights must suit the taste of the day by bring- ing every story to a happy end. Wah-ker himself died in the Pah-vant country, and the Utes made great lamentation over him. There is a narrow cañon with steep rocky walls, which we saw afterwards near Kanosh’s village. In one of its recesses they walled up the chief’s body with loose stones, that permitted the air and some rays of light to penetrate. They killed there in his honor seven head of cattle, a Pi-ede squaw and child, captives, and then walled up with him a live Pi-ede boy. The Pah-vants, who are a race friendly to the whites, living quietly on a little reservation near, were sorry for the child. One half-breed went up at night and talked with him, but dared not be seen in daylight. After three days the little fellow could no longer restrain his cries of terror, his horror of the rotting corpse, his pangs of hunger and thirst. The fourth night there was only a moan in answer to the friendly voice; and the fifth night, silence. PAYSON. Looking from my window at Provo, that night, I had remarked a great building that looked in ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33_F5_p025.jpg) the distance like a fortress. We visited it next morning and found it nothing more formidable than a large woolen factory, not yet in opera- tion. It is to run 270 spindles, and make a variety of cloths. The superintendent proved to be a nephew of the Brothers Kelly, of Kelly- ville, in Pennsylvania, and I felt as if he were quite an old acquaintance in this outlandish corner of the world, though I only know his relatives’ Mills by sight when I am at home. We left Provo that afternoon, in spite of Presi- dent Young’s evident indisposition. I asked a lady of the party whether some one would not urge his staying a day longer to recruit his strength. “No,” she replied, stiffly; “ he will be inspired to do right. If he ought to go, we will know it by his going; if not, he will be inspired to stay. He is guided by the spirit in every action of his life.” PAYSON was our next stage from Provo. The very pretty daughter of our host here was the child of an only wife. He admitted his single- blessedness with the half-shamefaced laugh that in our country might have followed the an- nouncement that a lady was his third spouse. Third, vertically, I mean, as L. M. used to say of Bishop H.’s matrimonial series. I did not think that Mrs. Angus seemed likely to urge a 2* ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33_F5_p026.jpg) second wife upon her lord; since, for anything that I could see, he throve financially as well as if he had fulfilled all the conditions of saintship. He was one of the few Irish Mormons whom I met (indeed, Scotch-Irish at that). His house was a large adobe which had grown with his prosperity, for it had been added to three times, and included a flourishing millinery establish- ment conducted by Mrs. Angus. It had two well-furnished parlors; one in particular with a conspicuously costly carpet. Fires were blazing in both; but I think quite as comfortable a room was a long kitchen where we ate our meals. Like all Mormon living-rooms, it was virtuously clean and well-aired. Trailing plants climbed round the windows, and as the sunshine poured in, a canary tried to outsing the tones of Brig- ham Young’s grace. He held his own, however; and would not have its cage covered, maintain- ing that the bird’s effusion of thankfulness might be as acceptable to the Creator as his own. At every one of the places we stayed on this journey, we had prayers immediately after the dinner-supper, and prayers again before breakfast. No one was excused; wives, daugh- ters, hired men and women, all shuffled in. The Mormons do not read from the Bible, but kneel at once, while the head of the household or an honored guest prays aloud, beginning, as I ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33_F5_p027.jpg)  noticed on this occasion, instead of ending, “ In the name of Thy Son, our Saviour Jesus Christ, Father, we ask,” etc. I do not think they as often say, “ If it be Thy Will,” as we do, but simply pray for the blessings they want, expect- ing they will be given or withheld, as God knows best. Though I do remember Brigham Young’s once praying for the restoration and healing of the sick “ if not appointed unto death.” They spend very little time in ascriptions, but ask for what they need and thank Him for what He has given—with surprising fluency and detail. It interested me and my children, too, though they could scarcely repress a start and titter, when they and their absent brother and sister were alluded to by name. At home, when, for no greater audience than my children, I venture to extemporize the prayer at family worship, I am sometimes puzzled whether to introduce the names of individuals, or to adhere prudently to generalities. But the Mormons take it for granted that God knows our familiar names and titles, and will ask a blessing on “ Thy servant, Colonel Jonathan P. Hitchcock, jr.,” where I would spend a minute or two in devising a peri- phrasis. I liked this when I became used to it, and could join in with some knowledge of the circumstances of those we prayed for; particu- larly as the year drew on, and the whole people ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33_F5_p028.jpg) were in suspense awaiting the action of Con- gress affecting them. After leaving Payson we rounded the head of Utah Lake, and climbed slowly up the gentle ascent between its basin and Juab Valley. The ground over which we traveled was strewn with cobble-stones, with here and there a deep pool of clear water. Such pools abound in this part of Utah, and many of them are considerably larger than they appear to the passer-by. The margin is overgrown by a coarse, strong grass, whose roots mat together and gradually en- croach upon the surface, forming, in time, a floating edge, strong enough to bear a man. Cattle, however, coming down to drink, over- weight it, and falling in, are frequently drowned. My attention was called to three particularly, stated by a sworn accuser of the Mormons to have been selected by him for conducting certain choice noyades ordered by Brigham Young. To believe the story, the dead thrown into these pools rose to the surface of the water, and rolled round and round for weeks ! My husband assured me that the Juab Valley was a charming green plain in summer, and pointed out that even now in December it was dotted with herds of cattle among the sage-brush. But I could not imagine its possible loveliness at any season. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33_F5_p029.jpg)  At a doleful-looking ranch, PANYAN SPRINGS, where we paused to let our horses drink, a group of teamsters had kindled a fire, and stood warming themselves over it. Among them was our servant, his natural ebony turned clay-color by the icy wind that came rushing down from Mount Nebo’s 12,000 feet of altitude. One of my boys who is of a poetic turn, pointed it out to John, meaning to say, “Grand!” “Yes, in- deed,” shivered John, “Dreadful!” The snowy peaks of this glorious mountain glistened on our horizon day after day, until we crossed the Rim of the Basin. At another watering-place, SANTAQUIN, I think, somewhat above the general level of the plain, we saw quite a number of white-topped wagons slowly toiling along the dusty track below us. Some lighter ones turned aside, as we ourselves frequently did, to drive through the aromatic sage-brush. It scarcely afforded more obstruc- tion to the wheels than grass would have done. But while we were standing at a watering- trough, up rolled one of the coaches of the Gil- more Stage line. I noticed the half-tipsy mirth on the countenances of the driver and of the two red-faced passengers, who were leaning out of the window watching his movements. By a skilfully-given pull of the reins, he steered his heavy wagon right against the hub of our front ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33_F5_p030.jpg) wheel, and then drove off laughing. Unfor- tunately for the joke, however, the villagers beyond stopped his team, and he came back, crestfallen, to apologize. It was undoubtedly meant as an insult to the Mormon leader, in whose well-known carriage, however, the only Gentiles of the party happened to be seated. President Young received his excuses with dignity, instead of “ blowing him up,” as a more impetuous friend of mine was ready to do. Our carriage was examined, and pronounced still fit for work; but it took some hours at our next stopping-place to repair the damage. The people of the village complained that this was a favorite amusement of the coaches near this point, where the Mormon travel coincides with that of the Nevada mining regions. Among the groups gathered around the car- riages, many eagerly claimed T.’s recognition. A sturdy yellow-haired man, thrusting both his sinewy brown hands through the carriage win- dow, shook T.’s hand and mine and the chil- dren’s, all at once, it seemed. “My dear,” says T. to me, “ this is my old friend, Lot Smith. You know him well by name!” I tried very hard to look as if I did; but T., with all his virtues, sometimes puts me in an embarrassing position by introducing me with ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33_F5_p031.jpg) the same form of words to some “old friend,” whose name he has clean forgotten, and trusts I shall find out incidentally for him. Now, he had the name; but whether he remembered anything more, I doubted. “ Lot Smith, Lot Smith?” Naturally, being in Utah, my thoughts flew to the late Joseph, and I mentally enume- rated the scions of that house, whose photo- graphs had been brought us by his gigantic young kinsman, Samuel. No ; there was no Lot among them. “And so you are content to be a quiet farmer at ‘ Bountiful’ ?” T. was saying, as I gave up my researches among the Smiths. “And so you are contented to be a quiet citizen since you came back from the wars ?” retorted the other. “ No, indeed, Colonel. I’m just waitin’ the word. I’m expectin’ to hear of that there expedition to the Arctics, and when you’re ready I am. We’ll have real times like you had in the snows out by Bridger in ’58.”. Oh, to be sure! Now I had him! In ’57, when the government army trains were stam- peded and wagons burnt, it was Lot Smith who was accused of being the hero of the attack. And this thick-set, steady-looking farmer was the same man of whom I had heard a story that I could applaud more. When he was a member of the Mormon bat- ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33_F5_p032.jpg) talion in Mexico or Lower California, he put down a bull-fight. He told the Spaniards that it was an exhibi- tion as cowardly as it was cruel, and that if they wanted to show their pluck, they shouldn’t kill the bull, but ride it. “No man may ride a maddened bull!” said the Dons. “ One man will!” he retorted. And leaping on the neck of a bellowing quadruped they had just brought in, he rode it round the ring, hold- ing on by its horns, until a favoring toss landed him in the canopied box of the alcalde’s family. As we drove on, T. told me of other adven- tures of Lot’s; but I was weary and depressed, and they made little impression on my mind. The scattered settlements hereabout looked poor, and more in the Irish mud-cabin style than those we had passed before ; yet the wide, unpaved streets were bordered with cotton- woods, and each house was set in its ample orchard of young fruit-trees, while water flowed through irrigating channels, suggesting the ex- penditure of much patient toil before the planta- tions had been successful. Each Mormon settlement has its open central square; in the later ones unfenced, but in the earlier surrounded by a crumbling wall of adobe and cobble-stone, the quondam “fort,” or “cor- ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33_F5_p033.jpg)  ral,” for protection against Indians. In the poorer settlements their assemblages for re- ligious or patriotic purposes (with the Mormons convertible terms) are still held in great open sheds, roofed only with woven boughs, called “boweries,” which stand in the midst of these central squares. Even now, though the people say they are safe from Indians, I noticed that the tithing and farm-yards were enclosed by walls or strong wattled fences or stockades. The hay-stacks in the dry, pure air had taken a bright straw-color outside, but where they were cut down into for the cattle, were of a green almost as fresh as that of new-mown grass. Sometimes the hay was not piled in stacks, but laid upon a stout pole framework, so as to form the roof and sides of a shelter for the cattle against the wind. I know—that is I have been told—that the scenery between Payson and Nephi is fine,— that mountains near and distant were keeping up with us all the way. But I can’t say that I appreciated it. The behavior of the rude men at Santaquin had put me out of temper; my lot in life having previously been cast where such insolence in a lady’s presence would not have escaped chastisement. And, as generally hap- pens in such moods, I gave most attention to the sights most immediately under our carriage 3 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33_F5_p034.jpg) windows. Now the wheels ran noiselessly ; and now they jolted roughly over coarse pebbles and gravel. The sky clouded over, too; and its dull gray met the gray of the uninteresting plain, with its unvarying shabby growth of wormwood, no twig of which seems to have a natural termi- nation, but to have been bent round and twisted or bitten off. Towards nightfall, as our weary horses dragged us on to the close of the long day’s journey, hills we had seen in the distance ahead began to tower up tall mountains; hiding still higher snowy peaks beyond. A cluster of houses and fenced gardens lying in their shelter was pointed out as Nephi. We saw smokes away up on one of the heights above the town, which T. said were probably Indian fires; and the children and I felt, with quickened pulse, that we were nearing the pass into treacherous “Tab-i-yuna’s” country. NEPHI. I could see little of Nephi in the gathering darkness: it was evidently smaller than Provo. The carriages halted on entering the town, and separated company. Ours was driven rapidly up a cross-street to a plain adobe house, stand- ing by itself. Lights shone from every door and window; the father of the family stood wait- ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33_F5_p035.jpg) ing to help us out of the carriage, and the wives and children greeted us warmly as we crossed the threshold. We were first ushered into a large bedroom on the ground floor, where a superb pitch-pine fire was blazing; and two well-cushioned rock- ing-chairs were drawn forward for us, while half a dozen hospitable children took off my boys’ wrappings, as the mother disembarrassed me of mine. Then we were left to rest, and begged to feel ourselves at home. Our present entertainers, the Steerforths, were English people. There were two wives, and a number of children, girls of all sizes down to the smallest elf that ever walked, and one sturdy open-faced boy, who speedily “fellow- shipped” with my little lads, and carried them off, after supper, to the great kitchen to see their playmate, Lehi, the Indian boy. After supper!—To this day, when we have any special dainty at home, Evan and Will ex- claim that it reminds them of the Steerforths’, and describe the cozy dining-room, with the warm fire-light playing on the table-equipage, and the various good things that composed, in Yorkshire style, the hungry little travelers’ “tea-dinner." One of the wives sat down to table, and one ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33_F5_p036.jpg) waited upon us, with the aid of the two elder girls. There was a young schoolmaster there, too, who had made his home with the Steerforths since his parents died, and whose love of their quiet domestic life was duly praised by the Mis- tresses S. when he left the room. But I thought that the sweet face of “our eldest”—“Noe,” I think they call her—might perhaps share the credit of the long ten-mile ride on Friday even- ing from his school to Nephi, and the starlight journey back which it cost the youthful peda- gogue on Monday morning. My intercourse with the Steerforths made a strong impression on me. We stayed longer at their house than at any other on this tour, and it was difficult not to be influenced by their simple kindliness of heart and unaffected en- thusiasm. Our conversation the evening of our arrival turned chiefly on our hostesses’ experience of pioneer life. Mrs. Mary was the chief speaker, but Mrs. Sarah, a pale little lady, dark-haired and black-eyed, put in a quiet word of acquies- cence, or suggested an anecdote now and then. She was from Yorkshire. Mrs. Mary was a Herefordshire woman, tall, rosy, brown-haired, and blue-eyed. I wonder whether the Mormon men evince any marked peculiarity of taste in the selection ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33_F5_p037.jpg) of wives. Widowers with us are wont to profess that they discern a resemblance in the lady upon whom a second choice falls, to the dear-departed. I asked a Mormon woman at Salt Lake how it was, and she answered that, in her opinion, men had no taste. “ In our case,” she said, "there are five of us unusually tall, and two very short; but the rest (she did not say how many there were) are of an ordinary height, and we are all different in looks, disposition, and age.” In the Steerforth ménage, the wives were exceedingly unlike each other. The husband was of a Manx family, long resident in York- shire. He had joined the Mormons in early youth with his mother, and they had been dis- owned by his family, well-to-do English people. He had prospered so well in Utah, however, that the family had now made overtures of reconciliation, and a bachelor “Uncle Lillivick” was coming to make Nephi a visit. The Steerforths were among the first Mor- mons who came out to Utah. Only a select band of one hundred and forty-three men, headed by Brigham Young in person; had pre- ceded them. These pioneers had planted posts along their route with rough boxes nailed to them, containing information regarding the distances to wood, water, and grass; and these guide-posts were slowly tracked out and fol- 3* ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33_F5_p038.jpg) lowed by the long train of ox-wagons, freighted with the exiles from Nauvoo, women, children, and invalids. There were a few men who drove and acted as guards, but the teamsters were principally women and young boys. Our government had invited the Mormons, as a test of their loyalty, Mrs. Mary said, to furnish volunteers for the war then going on with Mexico. The Mormons raised a battalion, five hundred strong, containing most of the young men who should have escorted the help- less ones ; and they were gone twenty months, reaching Salt Lake Valley, she told me, from the then almost unknown California. Some found that their wives and infants had perished from the sufferings they had undergone; others found them established in tiny homes, long- ingly awaiting him. I asked Mrs. Mary whether the band of exiles knew where they were to go. Had the pioneers returned ? “ No,” she said; “we heard from time to time how they were faring, from the post-office boxes, but that was all we knew.” “Were you long on the journey?” “Very long,” she said; “but we kept cheerful, knowing the Lord was our guide. But you can think what we felt when we came into the mountains, and word was passed one day from ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33_F5_p039.jpg) wagon to wagon, that Brother Young and the other pioneers were in sight, coming back to meet us! They brought news that they had chosen the spot for us to settle, and planted seed-corn there. It was beautiful weather, and we had a dance, and prayers, and songs of thankfulness that night, by the light of the moon.” “Were you able to use the corn they had planted ?” I asked. “ No; we saved it for next year, as far as we could. We brought some with us, and ground it up at a rough little mill we had on City Creek. I wore out five veils sifting flour. At first we set aside what would not pass through; but we were glad to use it all, with the bran, long before the new harvest was gathered.” “ Did you suffer from famine when you first entered the Valley?” I inquired. “No,” she answered, “not exactly. We always had something to eat, though the poor children used to long for the time when they might eat as hearty a meal as they wanted. We had to reckon so closely how much we could allow for each meal, that we never rose up from one with our hunger satisfied. But as there was no variety of food, our appetites were less tempted. Where the water was good, we drank a good deal of it; where it was not, we boiled ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33_F5_p040.jpg) it. With a little milk we could make cambric tea, which was found to be one of the best of remedies for hunger—taken hot, and with a little spice or aromatic herbs to flavor it.” “ I call that suffering.” “ Not what a Mormon would call by the name,” answered little Mrs. Sarah’s quiet voice. “Mary,” she added, “tell Mrs. T. about the dark days ; tell her of the winter before.” “I can never call them our dark days, sister,” she rejoined. “We were starving, we were dying, suffering was then consuming life itself; but it was that which gave its brightness to the flame. The flame of true religion was burning then. God was with this People. I would give a thousand days of the present luxury and folly, for one hour of that exalted life.” She said this and more, with a voice express- ive of deep emotion. I did not understand what wrong key I had struck; but I turned back the dialogue. “When was it that you got enough at last ?” I asked. “Well,” she said, “in August, 1848, a year after the pioneers came out, when the first harvest of the Salt Lake farms was gathered in, we made a great day of rejoicing before the Lord. We had long tables set out in the open air, under ‘boweries;' and all the women and ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33_F5_p041.jpg) girls were busy baking, broiling, stewing, and roasting. Every stranger in the settlement (and there were a good many on their way to California) was made welcome to as much as he could eat; and then in the evening we had dancing and singing that lasted all night. We dismissed all care for the time, and made it a day of pure thanksgiving. We had to pinch somewhat after that, but the worst was over. Our family did not stay very long in the Valley, for Mr. Steerforth was one of the first appointed to come down here to Salt Creek.” “Why do you call this place Salt Creek?” I asked. "Our creek water is salt. There is a salt mountain up the cañon, and there is a good deal sold from here; and, of course, the Gentiles don’t like to use our names for places, when they can use others and be understood.” I inquired about the smokes that we had seen above Nephi as we approached, and Mrs. Mary said that they were kindled by Indians. They had been there two days. “Are you not afraid?” “Oh, no; the Indians are perfectly friendly now.” “ How long is it since they harmed any one belonging to your settlement?” “Well,” she answered, tranquilly, “no one to ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33_F5_p042.jpg) speak of, these three months, and then it was only one man—Brother Hart—who was out alone, against counsel. It was last October. He went up the cañon to haul down some fire- wood, taking his little boy along. The valley is very narrow, and in some places rocks over- hang the road. The Indians fired right down upon him. They wounded the boy, too, but he escaped. Probably they wanted the horses only, for they could have caught Phineas if they had tried.” “Do you suppose they had any special motive,” I inquired, “ beyond coveting the horses?” “Brother Hart had had stock stolen, and was known by the Indians to be vexed about it. He has left a widow, poor fellow, and young children.” A visitor remarked that it was Tab-i-yuna who was supposed to have killed Brother Hart, and that Kanosh, the friendly Pah-vant chief, accused Tab-i-yuna of it. Mrs. Sarah said that their family had twice been compelled to move off in former times by the Indians, and often to “go into the Fort,” but they felt perfectly safe, since the new San Pete settlements intervened between them and Tab-i-yuna. Now I had heard before leaving Salt Lake, that Tab-i-yuna had threatened war ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33_F5_p043.jpg) unless black-mail was paid; and from better authority than Mrs. Steerforth had access to, that this had been refused. I had learned, too, that there was an entirely undefended pass be- tween his country and Nephi, but I thought it kindest not to alarm my hostesses with my fears. Both women then went on to tell me of a visit Tab-i-yuna had made Nephi in the summer with his band. We have heard our English friends with country-places, complain of the gypsies strolling through the country, camping here and there, and pilfering from friend or foe. But their grievance is a bagatelle compared to that the Mormons endure, under the infliction of a visit from a party of Indians. They have the appe- tites of poor relations, and the touchiness of rich ones with money to leave. They come in a swarm ; their ponies eat down the golden grain- stacks to their very centres ; the Mormon wo- men are tired out baking for the masters, while the squaws hang about the kitchens watching for scraps like unpenned chickens. “The women are glad enough, poor crea- tures,” cried pretty Noe, “of a chance to carry water or do any drudge work to repay us for gentle treatment; but the men — the insolent young braves and warriors, who expect the ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33_F5_p044.jpg) sisters to wait on them, and never thank us by a look—I wonder how mother and the rest can stand it.” “They often mean better than they are able to show,” pleaded Mrs. Mary. “ I had an old Shoshoné squaw, the wife of Baptiste, the Ute medicine-man,” she continued, turning to me, “ who washed for us for several years, and was as honest as the day. One morning she came in from the mountains, kissed the children and cried over them, and made signs that we must all go, and seemed as if she was in terror of being seen or overheard, yet anxious to make us promise to leave. We did not understand why she was so earnest, for the report was that the Indians were quiet. “We had had a regular guard out for some time then, for there had been Indian alarms in the summer; but as we understood that no hos- tile Indians were near, their vigilance had re- laxed. Still, the men never went afield without carrying their guns. The day before old Peggy called, one had left his gun while he went to drink at a brook. He had seen nobody either going or coming back, but he found two arrows had been fixed crosswise between the ramrod and the barrel of his gun, to show how near some one had crept to him. Such warnings were often given by friendly Indians, to show us ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33_F5_p045.jpg) how little we guessed their nearness; but half the time our people did not understand their meaning, and they dared not impart it to us more plainly. “ It happened,” she went on, “ that the next day was Sunday. I could not go to meeting, having a bad headache. As I sat by the window reading my Bible, I saw Indians come stealing by until they completely surrounded the church. They were all armed, and I was too much terri- fied to leave my seat, either to hide myself or to make an effort to warn the congregation. Baptiste was leader of the band; and after a few minutes he stripped and danced into the church naked.” “ Oh!” I exclaimed, involuntarily, “ what did he do that for?” “ I wondered, too,” she answered; “ but I learned that it was done to banter them—that is,” she explained, replying to my look of inter- rogation—“ to insult them by indecent behavior, and make them turn him out. That would have given him an excuse to work himself and his band into a fighting rage. That’s the way with the poor creatures, you know. Some of their grandest warriors seem to need to work them- selves up into a kind of hysterical passion, before they are brave enough to attack our people when they affect not to mind them. 4 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33_F5_p046.jpg) "Baptiste was disappointed. One of the brethren sitting near a window bethought him- self to look out, and seeing the Indians, warned the rest. So they took no notice of Baptiste; but continued the services, only singing a little louder in the hymn parts, perhaps; and Baptiste stood awhile, then sat down, and then stole out, and took his band away. "Some say," she interrupted herself with a smile, “that he thought that a great ‘ medicine’ was going on, and considering himself a brother of the craft, withdrew from courtesy. "Whatever his motive was, we took it as a warning; the settlers were all moved into the Fort ; and three days after, the biggest Indian war we ever had in the territory, broke out. Some of our dearest friends were its earliest victims." I had heard in Salt Lake City of the power of Baptiste’s “medicine,” and observing the in- terest my questions evinced in the subject, the Steerforths brought round to me a neighbor, who had been an eye-witness of one of his per- formances. I think I have from him a reliable circumstantial account of the transaction of a Ute pow-wow cure. According to this citizen’s relation, he chanced to be in Wah-ker’s camp when a noted Indian —I think he said Arrahpene—was taken alarm- ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33_F5_p047.jpg) ingly ill. Wah-ker despatched a man and boy to bring Baptiste. They took two ponies with them, and left the camp at three in the morning for Baptiste’s lodge, fifty miles off. Half way there the man halted with one of the ponies, sending the boy on with the other. Baptiste and his squaw, carrying a “ bag of needments,” made such good speed with the aid of the pony relays that they reached Wah-ker’s camp before sunset. Baptiste entered the sick man’s lodge alone ; but several persons, and among them my in- formant, peeped in through the opening between the skins; and, after Baptiste’s attention was absorbed in his patient, they stole inside the lodge. Arrahpene lay on the ground in a stupor, seeming to take no notice of the conjuror. Baptiste now took from his bag sundry non- descript articles, which he hung solemnly upon a pole, and kindled a fire of sticks in the centre of the lodge, on which, from time to time, he threw a powder from his pouch, which made a noisome smell. He then began walking round and round his patient, as the mesmerists are said to do, always keeping his old witch’s face toward him. But, as if finding them of no avail, he threw himself suddenly upon Arrahpene, clasped him round the body, and rolled him from side to side. At this exercise he persevered ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33_F5_p048.jpg) until the spectators grew tired of watching him. At intervals he would jump up, chanting a tuneless, windy song, and snatch at one of the magic rags he had hung to the lodge-pole, appearing not to notice that he stepped through the burning fire to reach it. After this he stroked his hands now down his own sides, and now down Arrahpene’s. Once more he threw himself on the body, — this time as if he wanted to squeeze the life out. Then he swallowed a bit of thick, red flannel, and after each few minutes spat it up, examined it as it lay in his palm, swallowed it again, after shaking his head, and resumed the rolling. Presently he divested himself of all his clothing, both the sick man and himself being bathed in perspiration, and the invalid showing other signs that life was coming back to him in force. Again and again he swallowed and threw up the bit of red flan- nel, and muttered over it, and again and again rolled on the sick man, still singing his queer song, and jumping up at intervals to fumble with the “ medicine” rags. At last it was over; a final diagnosis of the red flannel, changed to a repulsive, slimy mass, satisfied him. He turned, angrily kicked aside the ashes of the fire, scraped a hole in the ground underneath, and there buried the flannel, into ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33_F5_p049.jpg) which the evil spirit of the disease had passed. All that remained was for him to rake the ashes over the spot again, shake himself, and resume his clothing. The tent-flap was thrown open, the fresh air let in. The sick man thereupon rose, and left the lodge with Baptiste, perfectly restored to health. I asked my informant if he was satisfied of the genuineness of the cure. He insisted that there could be no doubt of it. “The Indians," he said, “ are very superstitious, and help the efforts of their medicine-man by implicit faith in his power. But they have still more faith for our real miracles. Even those who have not em- braced the faith, think that our ‘medicine,’ as they call ‘ the gifts,’ is more powerful than theirs.” While I was at Nephi, I saw a Mormon “sister” who had just returned from Tab-i-yuna’s camp, where she had spent several days and nights, nursing a sick squaw of his band. She was quite ill herself, from having been so long in the close air and dirt of a little skin-lodge; but her countenance lit up, and she raised her voice loud and high in announcing the creature’s perfect cure to the members of the Female Relief Society. She seemed to me unreason- ably elated over it. I found that it was on account of the moral effect her recovery was expected to produce on the “ Lamanites.” 4* ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33_F5_p050.jpg) Hitherto, Tab-i-yuna had been a most “stub- born Jew,” and now, for the first time, and when they were in dread of him, he had sent, of his own accord, for the brethren, desiring them to “lay hands upon” the squaw and “minister to her.” They had gladly complied, carrying the good sister with them, and leaving her with the squaw, who took a turn for the better, they said, from the time the brethren laid hands upon her. The effect of superstitious credulity upon her mind did something, I suppose, and kind nursing did something; and I presume the Mormons were not altogether wrong in thinking that God's blessing did most of all. Even I felt free to admit that Mormon Chris- tianity would be a better belief than Tab-i-yuna's heathen superstition, or the moral law our soldiers teach in their intercourse with the Indians. Ugh! If I were a man how I would speak out against the beasts! The Steerforths had often seen both Wah-ker and Arrahpene, his brother-in-law and successor. Old Baptiste was a relative of Wah-ker’s, too, Mrs. Mary said; and then she took me into the kitchen, to see the adopted son of the family, “Lehi,” one of the Pi-ede children whom Wah- ker had captured in his infancy. Lehi sat in the warmest corner of the ruddy hearth, and the little Steerforths were coaxing ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33_F5_p051.jpg) him to tell my boys about his days of slavery. Like most of the Indians who have grown up in the Mormon families, he was sickly. Rheumatism, dyspepsia, and consumption seem to follow the change of diet and more sedentary life. He would not talk while I stayed there, although he looked pleased when Mrs. Steerforth promised him that T. would play for him on the violin he had bought, but had not yet learned to use. After I was gone he described to my boys how Wah-ker’s band used to amuse themselves in terrifying him. Sometimes they buried the poor child up to the chin in earth, and leaving food and water just outside his reach, informed him that the band were going to move away. On other occasions, the young braves would send for him, and, telling him that the time had come to kill him, would take aim. When they found that he did not flinch, they would say he might go this time. The sweet little boys of the band, too, were allowed to exercise their infant skill in archery upon him, the game being to see how near they could come to hitting, without actually piercing, him. He showed the children the scars on his back and legs and feet, where they used to try his powers of endurance by playfully branding him with a burning stick. No wonder that Lehi used to hide under the bed at Mrs. Steerforth’s whenever an Indian came ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33_F5_p052.jpg)  near, as the dog who has once been shot at hides from a man approaching with a gun. Another of Wah-ker’s infant captives was adopted into President Young’s family. She seemed to me a very respectable and sedate, good woman, but was said to entertain a “ mor- bid” horror of Indians. I was told that when she was sold, a young brother of hers, remaining on hand after the rest of the captives were disposed of, was thrown alive into the Boiling Spring, a mile north of Salt Lake City. Presi- dent Young himself, who ought to know, I suppose, contradicts this story. He does not think it was her brother, in the first place, and, in the second, the lad was killed before he was thrown in! I found the Mormons disposed to justify and excuse the Indians more than I thought the hideous creatures deserved; and, if Wah-ker didn’t boil that boy alive, he committed enough atrocities to justify the terror in which his name was held among the subordinate Utes. Mrs. Mary’s Indian stories made me nervous; and on retiring to rest, after extinguishing my candle, I observed, with small satisfaction, that I was to see the Pi-ute fires distinctly through the window at the foot of my bed if I should wake at night. The thought itself kept me watching them. I fancied I could see them ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33_F5_p053.jpg) brighten from time to time, and felt sure that if I fell asleep I would dream of Robinson Crusoe’s cannibals dancing round their flaming fagots. Instead, I figured at two home-funerals as chief mourner! It was a relief to wake to the peacefulness of a Sunday morning, with bright sunshine streaming through the window. After breakfast I attended a Mormon meeting for the first time. I wondered whether Mr. Steerforth would walk to church alone, or between his wives. But they both accompanied me, while their joint husband (!) formed one of a group who escorted T. So there was no test of preference like that which mocks the tomb of Lord Burleigh. We soon mingled with a stream of neatly-dressed people all going the same way; my children undevoutly rambling from one side of the road to the other. They called my attention to a tamed magpie, whose remarks the little Steerforths declared to be worth hearing. But we paused in vain; he would not show off. I had not known that the magpie was a native of Utah ; I had supposed him a peculiarly English bird. We passed a heap of smouldering brands— sticks and ragged strips of cedar-bark. I had fancied that a fire of “ cedarn-wood” would give out a scent like sandal-wood. The perfume resembled that of the fustiest of greasy woolen ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33_F5_p054.jpg) clothes, and was strong enough to poison the sweet air for quite a distance. I got rid of more than one preconceived idea that morning; of none more completely than the prevailing error respecting the looks of a congregation of Mormon women. I was so placed that I had a good opportunity to look around, and began at once to seek for the “ hopeless, dissatisfied, worn” expression trav- elers’ books had bidden me read on their faces. But I found that they wore very much the same countenances as the American women of any large rustic and village congregation. As we grow older, most of us pass through trials enough to score their marks upon cheek and brow; but ill-health and ill-temper plough furrows quite as deep as guilt or misfortune. Take your own congregation, the sad histories of so many of whose members you know, and see whether you can read the tragedies of their lives beneath the composed Sunday expression their faces wear. Happy or unhappy, I could not read histories on the upturned faces at Nephi. I looked on old women’s sunburned and wrinkled visages, half-hidden in their clean sunbonnets; decent, matronly countenances framed in big old-fashioned bonnets; bright young eyes and rosy cheeks under coquettish ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33_F5_p055.jpg)  round hats—you might see thousands of women resembling them in our country churches. The irrepressible baby was present in greater force than with us, and the element young man wonderfully largely represented. This is always observable in Utah meetings. The services differed from our own. They followed a prescribed order—I judged from the readiness with which the congregation adapted itself to them; but in a certain unceremonious manner, not irreverent, but which somehow seemed to be protesting against formalism. A number of men, bishops and elders, I suppose, sat on a large platform. On a table, covered with a white cloth, were a couple of jugs of water, two plates of bread, and a common case-knife. A small reading-desk held a plainly-bound Bible, a hymn book, and a Book of Mormon. There was a low buzz of conversation among the crowded audience for some minutes after we took our seats. The outer door being closed, one of the bishops said, “ Brethren and sisters will please come to order.” Then came a prayer, then a very well-sung hymn, in which the congregation was led by a choir of fourteen; and then three or four addresses, all of a moral and practical character. There was no text given out, but occasional allusions were made to passages in either the Bible or the Book of ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33_F5_p056.jpg) Mormon; as, “If my memory serves me, the Bible says: I guess it is somewhere in Isaiah,” so and so. They gave the sense, but not the literal rendering of the words of Scripture, as far as my memory served me. Different speakers, all men, shared the serv- ices among them; but I could not see whether President Young arranged who should speak, or whether one of the bishops, who seemed to invite each orator to address the meeting, did so of his own accord. There were no robes, gowns, altars, flowers, or other devices to attract attention to the performances, but it seemed unnecessary. The audience seemed gravely intent upon what was said, although I noticed a distinct change of expression pass over the assembly, as a man of winning and beautiful countenance rose to speak. When he turned, he was seen to be hump-backed. We often heard him preach afterwards; and my children grew so fond of his quaint pictur- esque eloquence, that they were eager to go even to “ week-day meeting,” on the chance of hearing Elder Potto. He began by an allusion to his deformity as a cross which he found hardest to bear when he had to face an audience. But, he said, he knew that he could not profit them if he spoke in the spirit and person of William C. Potto, and he ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33_F5_p057.jpg) hoped that the brethren and sisters would pray for him, that the Spirit of God might descend upon him, and speak through his feeble voice. He paused some moments : the people prayed in silence—or seemed to do so—before he went on with his address. I wish that I had taken notes of his sermon. It turned chiefly upon the duties of children to parents. It was replete with familiar illustration, —often colloquial, and never wandering from the precepts he designed to teach,—but be- longed to the class of discourses it is hard to report. He closed by a curious account of his own spiritual conversion. It began like a Methodist “ experience”—became psychologi- cal : afterwards touched on the miraculous. A Mormon is never inconvenienced by his story turning on a miracle. Other speakers followed more briefly. When one of them was under full headway, he paused abruptly—as if he had been ordered to do so—and the bread was blessed in the following words, which I found afterwards were taken from the “ Book of Mor- mon, fourth chapter of Moroni:” “ Oh God, the Eternal Father, we ask Thee, in the name of Thy Son Jesus Christ, to bless and sanctify this bread to the souls of all who may partake of it, that they may eat it in remem- brance of the body of Thy Son, and witness unto ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33_F5_p058.jpg) Thee, Oh God the Eternal Father, that they are willing to take upon them the name of Thy Son, and always remember Him, and keep His com- mandments which He hath given them, that they may always have His Spirit to be with them. Amen." The bread, already in slices, was then broken and handed to every one, children included. This occupied a long time, but the speaker had resumed his address. Then the water was blessed, thus: “ Oh God, the Eternal Father, we ask Thee, in the name of Thy Son Jesus Christ, to bless and sanctify this water to the souls of all who dirnk of it, that may do it in remembrance of the blood of Thy Son, which was shed for them, that they may witness unto Thee, Oh God the Eternal Father, that they do always remember Him, that they may have His Spirit to be with them. Amen!” While the water was being handed round, another hymn was sung; one of a set of beauti- ful fugues of which the Mormons are particularly fond. Then the services were concluded with a blessing, and the congregation dispersed, inter- changing greetings at the door. I spent the afternoon with my two hostesses; but T. was taken to inspect a monster Sunday- school, where he found the pupils well drilled in ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33_F5_p059.jpg)  the Bible and the Book of Mormon. The latter is a production which sounds not unlike the his- torical books of the Old Testament in the ears of those who “ read their chapters” in the me- chanical way in which an ignorant Catholic tells his beads. While I talked with the Steerforth women over the glowing fire, I was idly wondering to which of the wives the different children be- longed. The wee nursling and Noe were easily assigned to the little mother, but I puzzled myself vainly over the others who gathered about the pair with precisely the same caressing familiarity that we are accustomed to associate with the true filial instinct one and undivided. When I mentioned my difficulty they smiled, and asked me to point out those whom I thought belonged to each. I did so; and they laughed outright, telling me that the seven children be- longed to the little mother. She had also lost five. “ Aunt Mary” was childless in name, but I never saw a mother of whom children seemed to be fonder, or who took more pride in the promising future of her natural offspring. It was she who followed me to my room the first night, and, while she saw to my comfort, gave me incidental anecdotes in praise of “ our girls.” The bed-hangings were trimmed with finely-knitted lace, and, assuming it to be her ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33_F5_p060.jpg) own work, I had complimented her upon it in the morning. She disclaimed it: “ Sister Sarah really is wonderful handy, but I have no turn that way.” Next morning she apologized for her sister-wife’s absence from the breakfast-room; “The baby breaks her rest so much at night, that the only thing to preserve her health is to let her lie late in the morning. The girls, particularly Mary, are so useful; they can prepare the meal with very little assistance from me.” Sunday afternoon, when the little mother happened to be talking with unusual energy, she brought little Mercy’s head into violent contact with the stove-pipe. She looked dis- tressed, and tried vainly to soothe it for a few minutes, but then laid the infant, without a word, in Aunt Mary’s offered arms, where it nestled down in a way that showed it was used to being cosseted there. The pair then pointed out to me the comfort, to a simple family, that there was in having two wives to lighten the labors and duties of the household, giving me a number of instances in proof. Mrs. Mary further spoke of the friendship that existed between such sister-wives, as a closer tie than could be maintained between the most intimate friends living in different circum- ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33_F5_p061.jpg)  stances. “ Even sisters by blood,” she said, “ are parted, when they marry, by new interests independent of each other; and, fond as may be the affection that remains, the bond of daily habit and propinquity is broken. But, in our home, each of us has a friend whose interests are identical with her own, who can share all the joys and troubles of the family, and to whom she can impart her feelings regarding its head with- out fear of violating that sacred confidence which may not be shared with any outside friend.” Can you imagine anything sober—more insane? I listened with perfect composure. I was under no temptation to laugh, with those two poor ladies looking into my face inquiringly, even when they spoke most confidently of their solution of life’s problems.—“The pity of it, Iago!” The Steerforths were the first Mormon women who awakened sympathy in my breast, disso- ciated from an equally strong feeling of repul- sion ; but afterwards, even when I was thrown among the Mormon Doras and Mrs. Nicklebys, in their absurd prattle about their family relations some chord of nature would be struck which moved anything but a smile. One day, in Salt Lake City, I chanced to remark to a visitor that I had just seen a funeral pass my window. 5* ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33_F5_p062.jpg) “Yes,” she answered, “it was young Mrs. R.’s. She was a sweet little creature. Did you know her?” “No,” I said; “ whose daughter was she ?” Mrs. D. mentioned the name, — one well known to me,—and continued: “ She and her husband grew up little boy- and girl-lovers; were engaged when she was thirteen, and mar- ried when she was sixteen, and now she is dead at seventeen, leaving a baby a few days old.” “Poor little baby!” said I. “Who is there to take care of it ?” “ Oh, the baby will do very well,” Mrs. D. replied; “ her mother will clothe and tend it; and, fortunately, her father’s second wife had a baby the very day Mrs. R. died, and she has undertaken to suckle both children. Yes, the baby will do very well,—it’s the husband I pity.” My heart not being very soft towards the woes of Mormon widowers, I hinted that per- haps the man would soon find consolation in another marriage. “Of course he will marry,” she replied, gravely; “ but that’s not it. I think a man who loses his partner is so much more helpless than a woman. Of all the forlorn creatures, I think a man that has lost a wife is the forlornest. Like a hen with its head off, you know, Mrs. T. He don’t know what to do for himself, nor for ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33_F5_p063.jpg) the children. There’s my husband, now (a man twenty-five years her senior), he’s had three bereavements since we were married, and I’m sure you’d have pitied him ! He seemed so lost, we (we meaning the other wives!) scarcely knew how to comfort him. He had lost one wife just before I married him. She left four children, and I thought I never could love chil- dren of my own more. But, dear me, I found there was quite a new love for them when they came. I brought up my own little brothers and sisters, too, for mother died when I was thirteen, and left them to me, baby and all; and I do love children so dearly. But when my own, own first baby was laid in my arms, I just laughed with pleasure,—it was such a strange, sweet feeling. Of course that is something different,—a feeling, if it is love, is one that you can't help, and deserve no credit for having. "He" (her Mr. D.) “ has a wife now who is childless, and she is so fond of my present baby (my ninth, he is) that he loves her as much as he does me; all the difference is, he calls me mamma, and her Katie. She says her feeling is the same as if he were her own, but I say she only hasn’t experienced the other. I have left him with her since morning." This is but one instance of many where I found women fostering the children of their ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33_F5_p064.jpg) husband’s other wives; but it was only at the Steerforths that I was an inmate of the house- hold long enough to see, as I said, the uncon- scious tokens of a tender intimacy between the wives themselves. CHICKEN CREEK. — THE SEVIER. We parted from our friends at Nephi with unfeigned regret. By six o’clock, of a frosty, star- light morning, we T.’s were roaming about the garden, punctual to the hour appointed for start- ing,—our valises packed, breakfast and family prayers long over. But we did not leave for two good hours. Some one or other in so large a party was sure to be unpunctual, and for our mutual safety it was necessary to travel in company, and, therefore, we always waited for the laggards. During the early part of our drive there was little to interest us. On one side of the carriage we had the window drawn up, and the sun had not acquired power enough to thaw the rime off the glass; on the other, the plain spread out as on the last afternoon’s journey,— “Wild and bare, Wide, wild, and open to the air, Which had built up everywhere An under-roof of doleful gray.” ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33_F5_p065.jpg) There were no more teams for the Nevada mines in sight. Far ahead of us a light cloud of dust indicated President Young’s carriage, seen across the desert like the smoke of a steamer at sea. A horseman rode back to bid us close up, for the other carriages toiled equally far behind us in the heavy sand. The children began to tire of the journey before it was fairly begun. As for me, I picked up a book that some one had thrust into the carriage as we were quitting Nephi. It was gayly bound, printed in worn type, on coarse paper, much thumbed, and was entitled : “ Brigham Young’s Destroying Angel. Being the Life, Confessions, and Startling Disclosures of the Notorious Bill Hickman. Written by Himself.” In the veracious pages of this work, I read that my gentle-looking host at Nephi had united with Mr. Hickman in murdering a party of six men. He had been particularly aided, too, by a demure gentleman who had pressed us to dine with him the preceding day; and whose wife’s savory fried chicken had been highly extolled by those of our party who had accepted his hospitality. Mr. Hickman avers that they sank the bodies of two of their victims, with stones tied to their feet, in one of those “ bot- tomless springs” we had noticed before coming ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33_F5_p066.jpg) to Nephi. And our halt at the Sevier crossing this day was to be made at the spot where two others were killed! Mr. Hickman’s account is circumstantial, and he does not avoid blackening himself in the effort to criminate others. It is a curious commentary on the sanguinary char- acter of the Mormons, as described by him, that he is living among them still. He was at Nephi only a few days before us. It was a singular experience to read Hick- man’s book in the company of the man whom it was written to accuse of being the head of a band of Thugs,—a man. who was at that very time under bail for a heavier amount than was exacted of Jeff Davis ! A cry of delight from the children caused me to look up. We had come to CHICKEN CREEK, where there was a large pool, fed by springs. The stream rushing out from it cut its way round the side of a hill, leaping down several feet between banks fringed with long stalactites of ice. The sun pierced through the clouds and sparkled on the water; little Ma- bel and my boys, leaving the carriages, rushed over the hilly ridge, wild with delight. We took the opportunity, one and all, to warm our- selves by a stroll, while the horses were being watered. Chicken Creek figures as the scene of a great ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33_F5_p067.jpg) Danite massacre. I expected the subject would be alluded to on our walk, but it was not. Then we began to climb the ascent which separates the Juab from the Sevier Valley, and from the summit looked back over the now sunlit plain, with Nebo still towering over all the other mountains on the horizon. Then, down one long, slow descent after another, we came to the Sevier River and halted at the crossing. The Sevier has no outlet; it sinks in the sands of the desert, not very far to the west of where we were. To the eastward it flows through the San Pete country, where the Mor- mons, under Joseph A. Young, are organizing new settlements. There being no facilities for irrigation, the Mormons have made no settlement at the Sevier crossing, although there is what the children called “ a cunning little plain” there, which, by the way, is yearly overflowed. A few huts, partly burrowed into the hillside, and a shanty for the augmentation of the United States revenues, in front of which some Pioche teams had halted for refreshment, were planted on the farther side of the stream. Our horses were unharnessed to rest and feed, and I rambled about with my boys. Although I did not believe one word of Hick- man’s accusations, I felt myself color with a ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33_F5_p068.jpg) feeling that I wronged the kind people about me when I caught myself instinctively glancing at the bushes that fringed the bank for the place where Hickman had said the victims tried to hide themselves; and at the swift river, into which, he said, the murderers threw three of them. Then I returned to my carriage, and shared in the bountiful lunch provided for us by the Mistresses Steerforth, forgetful of Mr. Hickman and his accusations of their goodman. After dinner we toiled on steadily until dark- ness set in, with no other adventure than that of seeing the four horses of a great Pioche wagon take fright, and dashing along the rocky road, just missing President Young’s carriage, rush aside into a cañon, down which we could hear them crashing on the rocks. We had seen enough of our friend “Lo,” to know who would be the wreckers of that broken cargo. It was dark when we reached our halting- place for the night. SCIPIO. ROUND VALLEY, or SCIPIO, is the poorest and newest of the settlements we stopped at, and has been much troubled with the Indians. The Mormons say “ troubled with Indians,” as we might say “troubled with mosquitoes.” No one had been killed for four years back, though ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33_F5_p069.jpg) cattle had been driven off that year, we were told. The Bishop came riding out to meet us, a handsome, kindly-faced man, mounted on a horse that moved T.’s admiration. We were taken to the house of his second wife, a little, one-roomed log-cabin, with a lean-to behind, in which the cooking was done. The living-room was given up to us. Its main glory consisted in a wide chimney-place, on whose hearth a fire of great pine logs blazed, that sent a ruddy glow over the whitewashed logs of the wall and the canvas ceiling, and penetrated every corner of the room with delicious light and warmth. There was a substantial bedstead in one corner, and curtains of old-fashioned chintz were tacked from the ceiling around it as if it had been a four-poster, and a neat patchwork counterpane covered the soft feather-bed. A good rag- carpet was on the floor; clean white curtains hung at the windows; and clean white covers, edged with knitted lace, covered the various bracket-shelves that supported the housewife's Bible, Book of Mormon, work-basket, looking- glass, and a few simple ornaments. Two or three pretty good colored prints hung on the walls. Then there was a mahogany bureau, a washstand, a rocking-chair, and half a dozen wooden ones, with a large chest on which the 6 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33_F5_p070.jpg) owner’s name was painted (oddly enough it was the same as that of the notorious "blonde" leader of a shameless troupe). The small, round table was already spread for our supper with cakes, preserves, and pies; and the fair Lydia was busily engaged in bringing in hot rolls, meat, tea, and other good things, while a minia- ture of herself, still fairer and rosier, about two years old, trotted beside her; now endeavoring to rearrange the table by upsetting plates, and now making shy overtures of friendship to my boys, with the assistance of a blue-ribboned yellow kitten. After our tea was over, the husband-bishop came in from his other dwelling, and with wife and baby withdrew to "go to meeting," leaving us in sole possession of the house. We heard no sound of their re-entering till morning, when our host came in to rouse up the smouldering fire. I have given this minute description of the furniture of the mansion of which I was house- keeper for twelve hours, because it was a fair specimen of many of the humbler homes I visited in Utah. I have already remarked upon their unusual cleanliness, and have now only to note the absence of the colored prints of "Polly," "Nourmahal," etc., in "half-dress," common elsewhere. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33_F5_p071.jpg) The next time I visited Scipio was just at the breaking-up of winter. Snow lay deep on the heights and in the narrow cañons, and Round Valley was an almost impassable quagmire of half-frozen mud. Again and again the horses stopped and stood with drooping heads, and an air that said, “I really have taken the last step I can make. Now I’m going to lie down;" and again and again they were coaxed forward at a slower than funeral pace, before we finally halted in front of Bishop Thompson’s. Our pretty hostess, “Aunt Lydia,” was sick; a little girl said, opening the gate into the en- closure in which both houses stood, “and Mother expected us this time.” The door was opened to admit us, by a slen- der, elegantly-dressed young lady. “Mrs. Thompson ?” I inquired, hesitatingly. “No,” she answered, smiling and blushing. "I am only a guest like yourself. Mrs. Thomp- son will be here in a moment: Sister Lydia is sick, and Mrs. Thompson thought some biscuits she had been baking would tempt her appetite, so she has run across with them. Here she is!” “Sister Loraina Thompson” looked like an elder sister of Mrs. Lydia’s, but was no relation. She had a large family of children, but seemed not in the least disconcerted by the addition to ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33_F5_p072.jpg) her household of our fellow-guest, her husband and baby, although she had to entertain Mr. Staines and young Kimball also; and to care for the invalid next door. My husband now entered with Mr. Joseph A. Young and his brother Mahonri, who had joined us the day before; and taking a wee baby from the arms of the lady who had opened the door, and whom he introduced as his wife, Mr. Young presented the infant to T. as his namesake. They had come across from the San Pete country to see us, and the baby was taking its first journey in the open air. It was a bright lively little thing, and lay on my knee basking in the warmth of the fire as the elders sat talking in one room, while Mrs. Thompson prepared supper in the other. She had a young girl to help her, but more than all, she had “ faculty,” and her meals were served with as much heat in them and coolness in herself, as if she had not both her rooms filled with guests and children. When I recollected how many bowls and pans and plates I use when I try to make cake, and what a mess of sticky things I leave the cook to clear away, I could not but express my wonder at her deft ways. She came in after her tea-things were washed up, and sat beside me with her knitting. She laughed when I praised her, say- ing that it was no wonder—she had “ had a girl ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33_F5_p073.jpg) to help her these three weeks”—but she never found the children in her way; they were a help. And so they were, the little eldest unrobing the younger ones for bed, or waiting at table with- out needing directions. They were well-trained, as well as healthy rosy children, and a little crea- ture, who could scarcely speak plainly, sat on my knee, and carolled like a lark, “ Up in the morn- ing early,” and “ Put me in my little bed;” a still younger baby nodding an accompaniment with quite a good notion of the measure. This Mrs. Thompson had grown up in the Mormon faith, our friend P. told me. Her mother died during the exodus, and she, then a mere child, had taken care of her younger brothers and sisters, and managed her father’s house—"wagon-hold,” I suppose one should call it—without aid from any one. Indeed, she continued to be her father’s right hand until her marriage. Perhaps the rigorous training of cir- cumstances in her youth made her consider what I thought such hard work, easy when it was done in her own home, working for her own children and her pleasant-faced husband. Ought I to despise that woman ? She cer- tainly came up to Solomon’s ideal of a virtuous wife. You would have despised her less, if you had felt the difference between her household and that of another woman at whose stronghold 6* ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33_F5_p074.jpg) of freedom I halted the day afterwards. Above her house was exalted a pole bearing a candle- box lid, on which was painted, “Old Boor- -bun. Segars.” Upon the roof lay old boots and shoes reluctant to be reduced to the rank of fertilizers, but giving token of what was to be seen inside. Entering the cabin, I found that the dirt-be- grimed window prevented the household from needing a curtain, and the smoke-blackened logs of wall and ceiling were in keeping with the unmade bed and its tattered hangings. There was a very pretty baby here, too, which lay in its cradle and looked at me in silent won- der. The mother did no more. She never offered me a seat, nor the draught of water I had to ask for, and help myself to; merely re- marking that she “ hadn’t no kind of a place for folks to come into. Her girl had left the place three weeks ago, and she warn’t going to stay among the Mormons, if she could get her hus- band to quit, and go among Christian folks.” She supposed, of course, that she was rude to a Mormon woman in me, and I confess that I did not claim her as a Christian sister. Of course it would be as unfair to select such a wife as a specimen of “ Gentile” pioneer ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33_F5_p075.jpg) females, as the energetic and active Mrs. Thompson of the average of Mormon women. Ill-health or indolence and cheerful activity, are peculiar to neither orthodoxy nor heterodoxy. But a religious faith that animates the whole being, enabling a woman to be cheerful in spite of adverse circumstances, industrious in spite of sickness, loving God and her neighbor; and showing it by charity in word and deed; this faith above doctrine I have found quite as often among Mormon as among other Christian wo- men. We parted with Mrs. Young at the crossing of the river the morning after, and as we looked back upon the group just setting out over the snowy plain for their remote settlement, I felt profoundly sad. The refined-looking young creature, with her baby clasped in her arms, seemed no less proud of it than her husband was of her. Yet it seemed a desolate prospect for her to journey over that lonely country to a rough new settlement among the savages. Her ladylike manner and quiet tones made the life before her seem doubly incongruous. Poor child, she has had to take her part in life de- cidedly, too, and is isolated from her people and kindred in more than mere geographical dis- tance. Her father and mother have left the church and Utah, and are among the most elo- ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33_F5_p076.jpg) quent antagonists of Mormonism, while she clings to the faith they taught her in her child- hood. She seemed entirely contented, and praised her new home as much as if it lay in our green forest land, instead of among the dreary valleys of Utah. T. reminded me that our valleys, too, were snow-covered at this season, and that the plains of which she spoke would soon be a grassy sea, abounding in beautiful flowers. But what can atone for the absence of trees in a landscape? CEDAR SPRINGS.--FILLMORE. When we emerged from Round Valley, before descending into the Pah-vant country, we looked back upon a grand view. The nearer mountains were destitute of snow, and black and frowning; but on the far horizon the sun lit up a number of snowy summits, Mount Nebo, still visible, highest of all, and most beautiful. Here and there were silvery threads of the Sevier passing to its mysterious grave in the desert. Then we came to Cedar Springs, a place on the “Bench,” looking out over a plain; near us, grassy enough to be entitled to be called ranch- ground, but wasting away into the Sevier Desert pure and simple. The little settlement itself was buried in fruit-trees. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33_F5_p077.jpg) Our day’s journey carried us to Fillmore, the county seat of Millard. Both names were trib- utes of gratitude from the Mormons to a man who treated them fairly when they risked being “improved off the face of creation.” They had then neither silver nor gold, nor shares in rail- roads or other corporations to “tip” him with; but in those days American statesmen were not all in the market, and the benefits they conferred were sometimes given without an extended palm. Millard Fillmore’s town and county represent no money value to him, but the re- corded thankfulness of a people should be worth something to the man, as the days draw near in which he must reckon up his deeds as they will appear in the light of heavenly wisdom. From Cedar Springs we had an escort of citizens, on horseback, all the way to Fillmore; and from this time I often noticed that we took a mounted company from the night’s halting- place, until we met other horsemen coming out to meet us from the next one. An abrupt descent, into and out of the bed of Chalk Creek, brought us to FILLMORE. I ought to have been impressed by Fillmore, formerly the territorial capital; I ought to have been reminded of the fact by the big, "red, granite” building we passed where the terri- torial legislature used to assemble; I ought to ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33_F5_p078.jpg) have some idea of the size and population of the town; its schools, manufactures, and trading facilities. Honestly, this is all I remember: The place was on a rising ground above the plain, and was backed by peaked mountains. I remember that I was shown the great, red building as we passed it; I remember driving through an orchard that clothed two hillsides, sloping to a rivulet, with three neat cottages embowered among the trees, the homes of Bishop Collister. I noticed two cockney-look- ing villas in process of erection; having each its tower, bay-window, bow-window, dormer-win- dow, balcony-verandah, recessed-porch, and pseudo-Gothic roof: features enough to jade the eye without allowing it to rest upon a yard of un- broken surface. I remarked the contrast to the house opposite where we halted, whose windows were à fleur de tête, and whose eaves projected scarcely six inches beyond the dull, unpointed brick walls; the only attempt at ornament being given by the impossible landscapes on the painted window-shades. Some Indians lounged against the fence, kicking up the dust lazily. I am ashamed to confess that I remember no more of the external appearance of Fillmore; and there exists no “Murray” for Utah to make up travelers’ memories for them. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33_F5_p079.jpg) The mistress of the mansion showed herself in the door-way; a large, loosely-built matron, “ standing with reluctant feet” on the uninterest- ing border-land between middle and old age. She rather made way for us to enter, than entreated us. We found her parlor in keeping with the exterior of the house, and heated almost to suffocation by a large sheet-iron stove. She sat with us a few moments, lamenting that her children were all married and gone; lamenting the trouble of housekeeping unaided; and by inference lamenting the trouble of entertaining me. I condoled with her most sincerely, re- gretting her latest trouble perhaps even more than she did. After she withdrew to prepare our meal, a son of hers came in to call on T. This gentle- man had frequently acted as sub Indian agent, and a quintette of Indians, emboldened by his presence, followed him into the room. When Mrs. Q. called us to supper, these gentry rose to accompany us. I looked helplessly at her. She said a few words in their dialect, which made them at once squat down again, huddling their blankets round them, with a pleasanter look on their dark faces than they had yet worn. “What did your mother say to those men, Mr. Q. ?” I asked, curiously. “She said ‘These strangers came first, and I ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33_F5_p080.jpg) have only cooked enough for them; but your meal is on the fire cooking now, and I will call you as soon as it is ready.’ ” “ Will she really do that, or just give them scraps at the kitchen-door?” I pursued, thinking of “cold-victual” beggars at home. “ Our Pah-vants know how to behave,” he answered, with the pride of a Kirkbride in his own lunatics. “Mother will serve them just as she does you, and give them a place at her table.” And so she did. I saw her placing clean plates, knives, and forks for them, and waiting behind their chairs, while they ate with perfect propriety. She rose a hundred per cent. in my opinion. After supper, Kanosh, chief of the Pah-vant Indians, into whose country we had now en- tered, came to pay a formal visit to T. with the chiefs of his band. There was something prepossessing in the appearance of Kanosh and his younger brother Hang-a-tah, but I cannot say as much for their friends. Kanosh has bright penetrating eyes, and a pleasant countenance. He cultivates a white moustache, and carries himself with a sol- dierly bearing. He wore a dark-blue uniform coat with bright buttons, yellow buckskin leg- gings, and moccasins, and had a black carriage- blanket thrown over one shoulder. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33_F5_p081.jpg) Hang-a-tah (the Red Blanket), a handsome, aquiline-nosed Indian, sat half-asleep on a chair near the stove, and coughed dismally from time to time a plaintive accompaniment to Kanosh’s account of the decay of his band. Of Kanosh’s own family he is the last. Brothers and children, he counted them up on his fingers; “all gone, all sick, no shoot, die sick." Most of Kanosh’s court squatted on the floor; but of those who occupied chairs, two attracted my notice by their entire want of interest in the proceedings and their intense unflagging inter- est in themselves. One evidently felt himself to be an exquisite. This fellow kept stretching his legs and admir- ing each alternately, yawning to show his white teeth, affecting to go to sleep and awake with a start—all in order to attract the attention of the white squaws. The other who sat next the beau, a very ugly young warrior, regarded him with silent contempt, confident in the superior attractiveness of his own person. This one’s role I perceived to be that of the cynic. He did not glance towards us once, until just as he was leaving. Then he loftily passed us in review with the air of a Sim. Tappertit. The next instant, however, his eye was caught by his own image in the glass. He advanced to it at once 7 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33_F5_p082.jpg) with undissembled admiration, and stood pos- turing before it, and adjusting a strip of leather, dotted with tin studs, that covered the parting of his coarse, black locks, until the rest of the party had filed out. Kanosh, an old acquaintance of 1858, mourned to my husband over the changes death had caused in his band since then, and asked to be told the truth: were any gifts or annuities allotted him by the government; or was he cheated out of them by the agents; had he not a right to stay on the farm his band cultivated at Corn Creek; why must he “ be poked off with guns to Uintah ?” I do not intend to report Kanosh’s set speech, although it struck me as decidedly clever. His prejudice against Mr. Dodge, the agent, has probably no greater foundation than most In- dian complaints. How great that is, I reserve my opinion! My husband made Kanosh dictate a statement in his own words, which I took down in my pocket-diary. The astute old fox made three persons read it to him to make sure I was not cheating him, before he made his mark: “One snow-time since, I got blankets; no flour, no beef, but a little last spring; no flour, no oats, no wheat, no corn, no bullets; no see ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33_F5_p083.jpg) nothing but Dodge ;* Dodge talk heap talk; weino pesharrony katz yak—good talk, but no give.” his KANOSH, X mark. Fillmore, Dec. 17, 1872. I stayed at one of Bishop Collister’s cottages in the orchard the next time I visited Fillmore. The Mormons say that frost after frost killed the peach-trees and cut the apple-trees to the ground when they first made a settlement in the place, and did so year after year. Any reasonable people would have given up trying to produce fruit; but the Mormons are quite unreasonable in matters of faith, and some brother or sister had had it revealed, or had a vision, or “ felt to prophesy” that it would yet be noted among the towns of Utah for its fruits. They persevered, and so I know what perfectly delicious apples they now harvest. Our bed- room at Fillmore had a great basket full of them, golden and rosy, sweet and tart, pippins and Spitzenbergs; with which we amused our palates between meals, and filled every nook in the carriage next day. My new hostess was, I believe, a daughter of my first one. What a pretty creature she was! * Mr. D. is said to have been a Baptist clergyman or mis- sionary. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33_F5_p084.jpg) Tall and graceful; with the loveliest of dark eyes! And she had three sweet little children —“three left out of seven.” Her husband had lost eleven out of his twenty-eight children. Wife Mary had borne him seven, Caroline twelve, and Helen nine. These numbers are not unusual in Utah, nor were they among the Puritans, our ancestors. But their past experience, at all events, gives the Mormons no right to claim that the mothers of families rear a greater number proportion- ately than with us. More children may have been born to each mother; but in each new settlement in Utah, the first stirring of the soil, the chemical exhalations, the fierce, shadeless heats of summer, caused many deaths. “Then was there a voice heard in Ramah, Rachel mourning for her children refused to be com- forted because they were not.” Much as it has improved of late years in salubrity, I am far from sure that Utah is yet a very healthy land for children. But as! far as my experience goes, I think they are very kindly, as well as carefully nurtured. They are admitted very freely to their parents’ society, and are not always “ snubbed ” when they proffer their small con- tributions to the conversation going on among their elders. Generally, too, they are well- behaved. I think the tie between mother and ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33_F5_p085.jpg) children is closer than that between them and the father. Whether the fathers can love each one of so many children, as much as they could if there were six or seven—or say fifteen—less, I will not pretend to say. I have seen a Mormon father pet and humor a spoiled thirty-fifth child (a red-headed one, too!) with as unreasonable fondness as the youngest papa could show his first-born. Two of the children my hostess at Fillmore had lost were twin girls, and she lamented over “Ada and Ida” quite as much as if they might not have grown up to be thirteenth or four- teenth wives to somebody. It had been one of the accepted beliefs with which my mind was stocked before entering Utah, that every mother would be found to regret the birth of a daughter as a misfortune. This is not so. They honestly believe in the grand calling their theology assigns to women; “that of endowing souls with taber- nacles that they may accept redemption.” No- where is the “ sphere" of women, according to the gospel of Sarah Ellis, more fully recognized than in Utah; nowhere her “mission,’’ according to Susan Anthony, more abhorred. And yet they vote? True; but they do not take more interest in general politics than you do. If your husband, Charlotte, your father, brothers, and all the clergymen you know, 7* ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33_F5_p086.jpg) approved of your voting, it would not strike you as an unfeminine proceeding. And if the matter on which your vote was required was one which might decide the question whether you were your husband’s wife, and your children legitimate, you would be apt to entertain a determined opinion on the subject. Nobody thought us unfeminine for being absorbingly interested in our national affairs during the war. The Utah women take a similar interest in the business of the world outside that concerns them; and pray over congressional debates as we prayed for our armies. COVE CREEK FORT. From Fillmore we climbed to Cove Creek Fort, a forty-eight miles’ drive. About twelve miles out of Fillmore we reached CORN CREEK, which we crossed at a small Mormon village, near what Kanosh pompously called his city. The Pah-vants are settled on a farm by govern- ment treaty. I looked with great interest at the surround- ing mountains, as being the old haunts of Wah- ker ; and the narrow cañon was pointed out to me which was his burial-place. Kanosh had invited us to visit his city, but it lay out of the direct road, and the length of our day’s journey permitted no excursions. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33_F5_p087.jpg) Kanosh is a Mormon convert, and prides himself on his “ white ways.” His favorite wife—an Indian girl, brought up in a Mormon family—persuaded him to let her keep house “ Mormone fashion” for him. The Mormons had built her a nice little cottage, where she had real doors and windows, six chairs ranged round the room, a high-post bedstead in the corner, and plates and dishes in a press. She had her cows,—and made butter,—her poultry, eggs, and vegetables; and in her day Kanosh proudly displayed a stiff clean shirt-front and high collar every Sunday. Naturally, the other squaws were jealous. Kanosh went hunting, and on his return, three weeks afterwards, the poor young wife had dis- appeared. Kanosh was sure that his eldest squaw had murdered her. What did he do ? He told her that God had seen her do it; and bade her die. And she gradually faded away; and in less than a year she died, confessing that she had taken her victim by the hair as she knelt among the plants in her garden, pulled back her head, and cut her throat. Then she had dragged the body away, and buried it in the cornfield. After the Christian wife’s murder, Kanosh mourned in a sincere way that deeply gratified his Mormon friends. But he and the remain- ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33_F5_p088.jpg)  ing squaws couldn’t manage his affairs in her fashion. He wore his shirts, however, faithfully and honorably, till the buttons, the sleeves, and collars all deserted him. As to the poultry, when the eggs had accumulated to three bushels, or thereabouts, his band made a grand feast, and, Indian-like, ate up all the chickens,— literally all except the feathers,—and all the eggs, good and bad. The house Kanosh still uses on grand occa- sions, as the queen uses Buckingham Palace when she holds a drawing-room. To gratify him, Brigham Young paid him a visit there. The president was on one of his journeys south, and stopped in his carriage before the door. No notice was taken of his arrival, and when he sent a rider in to announce him, ex- pecting Kanosh to come out, Kanosh sent answer, that when he went to see “ Bigham, Bigham sat still in his house; and what was manners for Bigham, was manners for Kanosh.” “He’s right,” said Brigham, and, leaving the carriage, he went in to pay his respects to the chief. Kanosh was perched on the high four-posted bed, sitting cross-legged “plump in the feathers.” He wore a heavy, pilot cloth great-coat, but- toned to the chin, a pair of new cowhide boots, and his finest red blanket over all. It was a ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33_F5_p089.jpg) very warm day in May, and the window was closed. The perspiration streamed down his face, but he sat erect and motionless, feeling that he “must do something for dignity.” President Young tried hard to maintain his gravity, but it was completely upset when the valance of the bed was cautiously lifted at one side, and the youngest wife protruded her head, and looked up to survey the general effect of her lord’s appearance. We could not see the Kanosh mansion from the road, and after leaving Corn Creek, I do not remember passing any settlement that day. I suppose the country had too little water, for I remember that we carried water from Corn Creek for the horses, to the sheltered little hol- low in the hills where we “ nooned.” I know our bottle of milk was frozen solid, and we had to depend on the charity of our neighbors. The Mormons all quaffed, with great apparent relish, a horrible beverage called “ composition,” made of ginger, cayenne-pepper, cloves, and bayberries ground to powder, sweetened, and mixed with cream, diluted with boiling water. This stuff had not frozen, and they drank it cold. The day itself was so cold that our picnic was eaten in our closed carriages, instead of in the usual social open-air fashion. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33_F5_p090.jpg) The sun was sinking when we reached COVE CREEK FORT, and drove in under its archway. T. soon called me outside to look at the land- scape, and see how lonely a place we were in. The fort lay in a volcanic basin, geologically esteemed to be the crater of an extinct volcano. All round it were oddly-peaked, ragged-looking mountains glowing in purple and gold, looking no more substantial than the cloud-mountains of sunset with which they mingled. Farther on the road we were to travel next day some wagons were encamped, their supper - fires already kindled. At the foot of a hill hard by, a solitary thread of smoke beside a single “ wick-i-up,” as the Utes call their lodges, showed where a young Indian lay who had shot himself while hunting the day before. Round the fort were fields with unusually strong and high fences; outside it on the north was a very large barn with a well-filled yard, surrounded by a stockade. Our teams were being led in, to the discomposure of some cows who had a proprietary air as they moved sulkily aside to let the intruders enter. The smoke of their warm breath made a cloud in the frosty air. There was a broad sheet of ice to cross be- fore entering the fort, and I wondered whence the water came, as I saw no water-course near. The fort has gray stone walls about thirty feet ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33_F5_p091.jpg) high, adorned with tall chimneys north and south, and with two great gateways opening east and west. Over one is inscribed “Cove Creek Fort Ranche, 1867.” Entering the large paved courtyard, we found it filled with our vehicles. Six doors opened to the north and as many to the south, giving ad- mission to large and lofty rooms. I was not sorry to see a magnificent pitch-pine fire blazing on the hearth in mine, for the fort is—6000?— I forget how many ungenial feet above tide, and the night was very cold. Our room was nicely furnished, and looked very cozy as we drew our chairs around the centre-table, which had a number of well-chosen books upon it. The children were pleased to recognize another of the pretty pink-fringed, linen table-covers of which so many had already greeted us on our journey, and wondered whether the “Co-op” had bought a large invoice from Claflin, that we found them thus broadcast through the territory. It made us feel New York quite near us. We were called to supper on the other side of the fort, feeling our way over the icy ground, guided by a stream of light from the open door of a guard-room, where stacks of arms were ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33_F5_p092.jpg) piled, and a group of stout fellows sat before a blazing fire. We supped in the telegraph office, where the ticking of the instrument insisted on being heard as we all knelt down for prayers.—Prayers after the patriarchal Hebrew manner; a shot-proof fort; an electric battery clicking the latest New York news; armed men; unarmed women with little children; a meal served with dainty pre- cision in a refectory walled with rough-hewn stone: this medley of antichronisms is Mormon all over. Here, too, was this fort, designed to serve the same purpose, in the saints’ eyes, as the inter- preter’s house of the Pilgrim’s Progress. Both were built “ for the entertainment and comfort of pilgrims, and their protection against ill- favored ones.” And surely Bunyan never dreamed of more devilishly ugly Apollyons than the red warriors of Utah. Although it stands in the friendly Pah-vant country, the fort commands a pass on the old Spanish trail from California to New Mexico, used still by the Navajoes, whose raids give the Mormons much trouble and anxiety. Our dinner-supper was excellent, but neither “ wave-breast” nor “heave-shoulder” decked the board. Stewed chickens, clarified apples, and cream furnished no texts for “ profitable dis- ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33_F5_p093.jpg)  course” from our entertainers, though I mar- veled at the presence of such dainties in that inhospitable-looking spot. I saw but one woman in the fort, and she had a group of children hanging to her skirts. I thought she must have had her hands full to provide bread and meat enough for her hungry guests. The shining cleanliness of the table- linen and glass was worthy of a Quakeress, when she has “ given her mind to it,” yet I found that every drop of water had to be “ packed;” i.e. carried a mile and a half. Cove Creek is led into the fort in summer—though its supply cannot be depended upon, as it frequently dries up. But in winter they have to turn its waters back to their natural channel, as it “overflows the fort with ice”—a result which had just followed an attempt to let it on in our honor. Two wells had been dug, each one hundred feet deep, but without striking water. It seemed to me a foolish thing to build a fort where a besieged garrison would suffer so much from want of water. But I was an- swered, when I hinted this, that the fort was only meant to defend travelers and the family of the ranche against Indian forays. It was too far from any settlement for a single family to be safe in the open country, and there was too little water for irrigation to warrant the placing of a 8 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33_F5_p094.jpg)  settlement. I was reminded, when I called it a dreary region, that we were now in the depth of winter, and that the magnificent haystacks I had seen were the produce of the ranche. They said, indeed, that the soil was the richest in the world when irrigated. I think, however, they admitted that the climate was too Arctic for the apple-tree, and where that cannot flourish, is, I respectfully adhere to my opinion, no Garden of Eden. The great Mormon crop—of children—thrives at Cove Creek Ranche, however. As we left the table, we noticed a little two-year-old girl, whom I shall always maintain to be the loveliest baby ever seen. The diminutive beauty accepted the compliments of the party in a manner that showed she was used to them. One remarked her rosy cheek, clear blue eye, and golden hair; another her white skin; another her tiny foot and ankle, and the plump little leg that rose above her white sock. “ This is the child you administered to, Brother Brigham,” said the gratified mother. President Young had not been listening, but seeing that he was appealed to, answered, “Oh ! ahem ? ay!” first interjectionally, then interroga- tively, and then affirmatively—which appeared to be entirely satisfactory; for she went on : “ Yes, you laid hands on her when she was only six days old, and she seemed as if she had not an hour to live.” ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33_F5_p095.jpg)  This was not the first time I had heard the Mormons allude to the laying-on of hands. It was explained to be their revival of the early Christian custom enjoined by the Apostle James: “ Is any sick among you ? Let him call for the elders of the church; and let them pray over him, anointing him with oil in the name of the Lord: and the prayer of faith shall save the sick, and the Lord shall raise him up.” As we crossed the court on our way back to our rooms, I remarked to a lady near me, "Mrs. Lucy, the orthodox Christian churches no longer practice the custom (for the Roman Catholic anointing of the dying is a different one), because the days of miracles are over.” “Ah,” she replied; “ the orthodox churches, as you call them, Mrs. T., only assert that, be- cause their faith is so torpid that they cannot be blessed with miracles. As our Saviour said, they cannot do many mighty works because of their unbelief; and again, the word preached does not profit them, not being mixed with faith in them that hear it. You Presbyterians,” she continued, “ reject the traditions of the Church and the authority of the early fathers, and rely upon what the Bible says. Now, James’s epistle is one of the very last printed in the New Testa- ment. Where is your authority for considering his injunction to have been abrogated subse- ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33_F5_p096.jpg) quently? Don’t you see it is a salve to your consciences which you apply, because your faith is so weak that you prefer to trust your sick to the different human systems of doctoring rather than to the hands of God ?” What did I answer ? Oh, I said, loftily, that T. did not wish me to enter into theological arguments. I found this always a very safe reply; my Mormon friends thoroughly approv- ing the teaching of St. Paul, that a woman should refer all theological puzzles to her own husband at home. Ah, St. Paul, little didst thou foresee how busy our husbands would be all day in Wall Street, how tired and cross every even- ing at home! Fancy our asking them to extract roots of doctrine for us ! Darkness had fallen by the time supper was over; but the great gates were left open later than usual, as one of our baggage wagons had not yet come up. T. took the little boys to see the wounded Indian. The squaws had bitten the flesh around the wound to stop the bleeding, and had then erected the wick-i-up over him as he lay, being afraid to let him be carried as far as the friendly shelter of the fort. I went to sit for half an hour with the ladies of our party, and groping my way back in the darkness came suddenly on the two squaws, who had raised the sash of my window a little, ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33_F5_p097.jpg)  and were so absorbed in peeping into the lighted splendors of the apartment, having lifted a cor- ner of the blind to do so, that they did not hear my approach. It would be hard to say whether I or they were most startled. They contrived by signs and repetitions of “ Bigham’s” name to let me know they wanted to see him, so I conducted them to where his family were still seated round the fire, and then slipped away, leaving them to dispose of their visitors as they liked. I found the châtelaine giving a few final touches to the comfort of my room, when I re- turned, and falling into conversation with her about the loneliness of her position, her answer was that she was seldom alone, but that, as it happened, Mr. H. had been obliged to take his other wife to Salt Lake City for her health, and that the opportunity had been taken to send “ their” elder children there to school for the winter, while they could enjoy the benefit of maternal supervision. The night was stinging cold; but we did not rise next day till the fires were blazing. The chimneys of Cove Creek Fort, I can attest, draw superbly; and the early cup of hot coffee, I found most of our party will- ing to admit, was more cheering to the spirit than “ composition” cold. When we set out the sun was fully up, though 8* ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33_F5_p098.jpg) it seemed to give no warmth; the sky was in- tensely blue, the air blue too, and sparkling with ice dust. The horses’ hoofs rang merrily on the iron-bound ground. Looking back on the fort, I watched the U. S. flag waving us farewell, until it was no larger than a carnation flower,— the loveliest possible bit of color to my home- sick eyes. I noticed in the daylight that the walls of the fort were composed of dark blocks of lava, and only reduced to a grayish tone by the whiteness of the mortar cementing the courses of masonry. PRAIRIE DOG HOLLOW. —INDIAN CREEK. Our day’s journey was but twenty-four miles, and lay through what might by courtesy be called a wooded country. At the summit of each little pass we found ourselves in a thicket of cedars, so ragged and forlorn, and so evi- dently small for their age, that they looked as if a forest had been set out on the plain and buried to the neck in drifting sand. The road was rough, for the sand but partially concealed the ledges of volcanic rock we were crossing— “rocks full of bubbles,” as the children called them. We were now not far east of the Nevada mining district, and a halt was made on one of the summits to let us see “where we were,” ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33_F5_p099.jpg)  while the tired horses took breath. On our left a great ragged snow-streaked mountain was pointed out as “ Baldy,” at whose foot lay the Bullionville gold-mining region. On the right, among a range of gravel mountains, rose up one all cliffs and precipices “serrated deeply, five-parted, conspicuous,” as the manuals of bot- any have it; its top resembling the crater of a volcano, which it probably was. This mountain remained in sight all day, its hard features never undistinguishable from the softer profiles of its fellows. Below us lay the dusty plain, dotted far with white-topped wagons, bound for Pioche. Beyond, the horizon was crowded with range after range of mountains; and a depression in the most distant faint blue outline was pointed out as our goal—the pass of Kannarra. At Kannarra we were to cross the rim of the basin, and descend at once into warmer lands. We had been crossing one minor basin after another since leaving Salt Lake, but all were contained in the trough of the great basin, walled in on the east by the Wahsatch range. The great basin is itself elevated thousands of feet above tide, and the mountains that looked down upon us claimed a height of from ten to twelve thousand feet. No wonder that the summit where we stood was cold in that December weather, or that we looked longingly ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33_F5_p100.jpg) towards Kannarra’s distant gateway. By this time we were half way from Salt Lake on our journey. Each day had seemed to grow colder and the wind to blow harder; and now and then snow squalls would come up and terrify us with their petty tornadoes. Brilliantly as the sun shone upon us, we were glad to creep back into our carriages. Our way led down Wild Cat Cañon, a pass so narrow and winding that it is not surprising that the Mormons were long in finding it. It now affords them a natural easy descent into Prairie Dog Hollow. Formerly they let their wagons down here over the bluffs by ropes, the men and teams scrambling down as best they might. I do not know why it was necessary to go down into Prairie Dog Hollow at all, like the king of France in the adage. I am sure there was nothing to see when we got there. A circular sweep of the hills surrounded the little glen, making it a delightfully warm and shel- tered halting-place for our noonday rest. It was treeless, shrubless, and destitute of water, however; and the dog-towns and ant-hills, with which its surface was plentifully besprinkled, showed no signs of life. The little communist citizens were wrapped in their winter sleep, and the children could not elicit a remonstrant squeak as they ran among ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33_F5_p101.jpg) the tiny domes, accompanied by their friend, Elder Potteau. As for me, one of our company, a dark-eyed, rosy little Welshwoman, who had hitherto proceeded no further in making my acquaintance than to exchange morning and evening salutations, plucked up spirit enough— it could scarcely be owing to the inspiration of the cheering cup of composition—to join me in a ramble before the horses were put to. Her husband, one of the kindest of T.’s old friends of ’46, had been among the first to greet us on our arrival in Salt Lake City. In answer to T.’s inquries after his good wife, he had produced her daguerreotype to show me. She had “ passed behind the veil” two years before, but he spoke of her death with evident emo- tion. “ Here, at least,” I had thought, “ is one man, high in Mormon esteem, yet a monogamist.” It was a shock to me to recognize him on our journey, accompanied by this other wife, and I now learned from her that the fair-haired son who was with them was not her offspring, nor the offspring of “ Helen,” but that of a third wife. Yet again the third wife did not claim him, having “given him away,” at his birth, to Helen. “ For all of Helen’s children had grown up by that time, and she brought Le Roy up as her own.” ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33_F5_p102.jpg) Mistress Jane told me that the youngster could not hear his adopted mother’s death spoken of without weeping; and thereupon she wept herself as she eulogized “ Sister Helen’s” virtues. Helen was much older than the other two wives, and they looked up to her as a mother. She had taught their children entirely, being a well-educated lady. She was very neat and nice in her ways, although she wore home- spun, like the rest of us. She regulated the family affairs, deciding even such little matters as whether Johnny should have his old boots cobbled, or wear his new ones. The house was well-ordered in Helen’s time ; yet never so stirring, jocund, and cheerful. Mrs. Jane spun and wove, and worked in the dairy cheerfully. “ That’s what I’m fit for,” she said; “ but Sister Helen knew how everything ought to be done; and she was so sweet- tempered that there never was any jealousy or quarreling in the family while she lived.” “ Mrs. Jane” herself was a born worker,— never happier, as I afterwards found when I knew her better, than in helping others; and so fond of children, that she used to smuggle my boys away for a morning sometimes, always returning them with their hair elaborately curled. I used to wonder at this, but I found that she was “homesick for the children” left behind in Salt ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33_F5_p103.jpg) Lake City. “ Her own children, of course ?” you say. By no means. “ The bigger ones could manage very well without her; but she yearned for the little chaps,” her own and the other wife’s, who were missing her, too, she was sure. And when we returned to Salt Lake City, and she brought a flock of children to see me, the special pet who clung to her skirts, and who seemed to have had every hair of his head curled separately, was the third wife’s child! Jane had been one of the hand-cart pilgrims, and had pushed her cart, and done all the cook- ing for her father’s family, sixteen in number, at every halt they made for two months. Like many of the younger women, she had not “ experienced conviction” at the time when her elders joined the church, but had fallen into line because the rest did. Her convictions seemed certain now, and her reverence for her husband was unbounded. He was a simple, sincere, and upright old man, a real patriarch, for whom no one could entertain a disrespectful feeling. He joined us as we walked, and seemed pleased with the subject of our conversation. Mrs. Helen, they told me, was a sincere Christian, a firm Presbyterian for more than six years after her husband changed his faith. After they were driven from Nauvoo the last ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33_F5_p104.jpg) time, the trials of the journey and encampments on the prairie softened her heart. Never a murmur crossed her lips, or as much as a word against the decrees of Providence; but her favorite text of Scripture, often repeated on the pilgrimage and in the early years of the settle- ment, till it grew to be remembered as the motto of her life, was, “All this way hath the Lord thy God led thee, to humble thee and prove thee, and to give thee peace in thy latter end.” Her husband only remembered one remark escaping her that looked like dissatisfaction with her lot. It was when they reached the promised land and looked down on the Salt Lake Valley. There were about six small cottonwood trees then in all the valley, and Helen looked at them a long time. Then said she to her husband, “ Father, we have come fifteen hundred miles in wagons, and a thousand miles through the sage-brush; and I’d get into the wagon to- morrow, and travel a thousand miles farther, to see shade-trees instead of these rocks and sands.” She was so fond of “growing things,” her husband said, that she languished in health in the confinement for safety, and he petitioned the brethren to let him establish himself outside it,—on the hill where the Lion House now stands. It was thought a foolhardy thing to do, ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33_F5_p105.jpg)  and objection was made; but with Helen’s con- sent, he solemnly took the responsibility upon himself, and they placed their dwelling beside City Creek. Helen had brought a whole bushel of fruit- tree kernels, and other seeds. “ Now, mother,” he told her, “I’ll set every one of these out, and you’ll soon have shade-trees enough.” Helen took the greatest pride in her little plantation. The trees were about a foot high, when the grasshoppers ate them down to the roots. They ate everything in the garden with entire impartiality. Great was Helen’s disappointment; but after a time many of her little trees threw up fresh shoots. Shortly after, too, one of the brethren, who had invested all his savings in the pur- chase and transportation of ten thousand young fruit-trees, divided the few dozen of choice varieties, which he had been able to save from the grasshoppers, among the families, and Helen secured some which she nursed and petted as in other days she had tended her roses and geraniums. No one had money to repay the gardener for his treasures, but they gave him bullets, axes, flour,—very little of that,—nails ; anything of which they could spare a part, and almost every- body bought a few. 9 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33_F5_p106.jpg)  I asked Mr. — whether they had ever been maltreated by the Indians in consequence of living outside the fort. Helen was greatly affrighted once, he said, but that was all. He had made his dwelling as secure as he could with bolts and bars, and bought a heavy watch-dog. Indians often came to beg, but they behaved well, as he and the dog were always on the premises. One day, however, he was forced to go to the cañon to be absent all day. Helen felt so timid that she called Tiger inside the house and shut him up in the bedroom. Noonday came, and she had forgotten her terrors, when a malevolent-looking Indian came boldly into the kitchen. He had probably watched the house, and supposed the dog gone as well as the man. He asked for bread. She gave him some biscuit and four ounces of flour, —all she had to give,—but he threw it down and demanded more, working himself up on her refusal until he felt angry enough to take aim at her with his arrow. She sprang to the door of the bedroom, threw it open, crying, “ Tige, take him!” The dog darted out and flew at the ruffian’s throat. The attack was so unexpected that the Indian went at once to the floor, and there man and beast rolled over and over in a desperate ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33_F5_p107.jpg) struggle. The dog conquered. The Indian cried like a child for mercy; and when she bade the dog quit him, threw his bow and quiver at her feet, and made signs imploring her pity for his wounds. She was horribly frightened, but she bade the dog watch him while she went for warm water and bathed the bites, and tore some of her scanty supply of linen into bandages. He lay on her floor some time, and then crawled away, and was never again seen near the settlement. Helen lived, said her husband, to see the lonely house surrounded by beautiful villas, each set like her own in an orchard of thriving trees, and at her feet a fast-growing city, with no other sign of danger threatening it than the presence on the height above it of the white buildings of Camp Douglas, under whose guns the city lies. The gardener of whom Mr.—— had spoken was my children’s friend, Elder Potteau. I mentioned the subject of his fruit-tree invest- ment to him when we gathered round the evening fire, asking him how he disposed of all his “payments in kind.” He assured me that all had proved useful. “ Nails!” Why, he had sorted the nails into separate kegs, till, by the time he was ready to build, he had almost enough for the house he began with. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33_F5_p108.jpg) Like all the Mormons of the first immigra- tion, Elder P. spoke with deep feeling of the sufferings they endured when the crops, whose seed they had denied themselves bread to save, were devoured by the “ army of grasshoppers sent to try their faith.” All their feeble efforts to burn or drown or kill them failed before the presence of such vast numbers of the enemy. “The land was as a Garden of Eden before them, and a desolate wilderness behind them,” he quoted, with rare appropriateness. On a Sunday morning he walked sorrowfully among his dying fruit-trees, too heartsick to begin work again, but too much of a gardener to refrain altogether from using the hoe in his hand here and there. Elder John Taylor and two others came up, and said to him,— “ Potteau, we can do nothing ourselves; there is no use in our working without God’s bless- ing. If he chooses to take pity on us, our crops may be saved. He has commanded us to keep holy the Sabbath day, and Brother Brigham says we had better all come to meet- ing and pray.” They did so. Then came the wind that brought the snow-white gulls, and they con- sumed the grasshoppers. The crops were saved, “ and God,” said he, “ restored to us the years that the locust had eaten. And we know ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33_F5_p109.jpg) that He is in the midst of Israel, and is the Lord our God, and none else; and His people shall never be ashamed.”* Why should not believers in special provi- dences argue that the “keeping holy the Sab- bath-day” prevented the gulls from being fright- ened away by human noises, and permitted them to do their work in peace? BEAVER. I was quite sorry to part from Mrs. Jane, when the horses were once more put to. Short as our afternoon’s drive was, it proved a tire- some one: we were obliged to move so slowly, and the children’s usual chatter had to be hushed. I had given my husband’s place in the carriage to a sick lady, and I feared that they might arouse the beautiful pale creature from a sleep into which she fell nearly as soon as the motion of the carriage began. The barren hills and plains gave way to one scene that reminded us of home: I think it was “ INDIAN CREEK,” where a shallow stream flowed between gently-rising banks fringed with cotton- wood trees. There were nicely-fenced-in fields here, and a decent farmhouse, but the people were all away. There had been an Indian alarm, * Joel ii. 27. This is a great chapter with the Mormons. 9* ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33_F5_p110.jpg) we were told, and the settlers had been warned in from exposed points. The children begged to stop a little longer to refresh their eyes with the sight of “running water, and trees big enough to look at,” but after the horses had done drink- ing we had to pass on to arrive at Beaver before dusk. We went on descending until we reached the hard gravelly plain in which Beaver lies. Some one told me that no mice existed there because the soil was too hard for them to work. But hard or not, the Mormons have picked out and fenced some three thousand* acres fit for culti- vation. Although I must say that the fields I saw looked as if the pebbly bed of some ancient stream had been fenced in! Moreover, it is rather frosty: last summer there were only seven weeks between the frosts. But Beaver will flourish, because it has an abundant supply of almost the only perfectly soft water in the territory. We entered the town. Something reminded me of our own villages. Was it the unpainted clap-board shanties ? “No, mamma,” cried Will, “they must be * My informant was a woman. She is not to be held responsible for accuracy within a thousand acres or so more or less. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33_F5_p111.jpg) going to have a railroad built here. Look at the signs!” They were the signs which the child had noticed at every railroad station from Omaha to Ogden. There, were the familiar letters, SALOON ; the red curtains behind win- dows reading without spelling,—Rum-Hole; and round the corner was BILLIARDS. Our invalid companion had roused herself to greet a boy-brother who came galloping up to meet us. I asked her why there was this differ- ence between Beaver and the other Mormon settlements, and she replied with her usual gentle brevity, and without the ghost of a smile, “There is an Army-Post here.” I intended to remark that I did not see the application of the reply, but Evy, with a flush of shame on his face, quietly pointed out to me the dear blue-coats that I would have been so glad to greet in this out-of-the-way place,—anywhere but on the backs of the tavern loungers, who gazed at the Mormon procession as our carriages went forward to Bishop Macbeth’s house. This gentleman’s house was so large a one as to accommodate almost the whole of our party, but it was presided over only by his pretty daughter,—his still prettier wife being so great an invalid as to be unable to do more than make an appearance in her easy-chair enveloped in soft shawls for a short half-hour after supper. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33_F5_p112.jpg) To spare her nerves, the roomy parlor adjoining her chamber was left unoccupied, and the dining- room was used as a sitting-room, while our meals were served in the kitchen, whose dainty cleanli- ness obviated all necessity for the excuses the young hostess made for leading the way there when we went to supper. She had several as- sistants in her housekeeping labors, and I sup- posed they were neighbors or servants. The tone of the household appeared so thoroughly monogamic, the illness of its female head so manifestly forming the chief topic of concern to husband and daughter, that it never occurred to me, until after I had left Beaver, to inquire whether Mr. Macbeth had more wives than one. He had. Three. So that my diary with its notes of satisfaction over finding myself “ once more under a true wife’s roof” reads rather absurdly. Bishop Macbeth and his wife and daughter looked and talked like Virginians, F. F. V. Vir- ginians, too; and he rode like a Virginian-born, which he was,-—on a black horse that would have made President Grant envious. The pretty daughter in her gray dress, and purple cloth jacket braided with black, was as much of a little lady as any belle of the James or Rappa- hannock River plantations, and as much of a tart little copperhead, too! The majority of the ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33_F5_p113.jpg) American-born women I met in Utah were Northern in feeling. Our party broke up soon after supper, most of its members going to meeting; but as I found that Miss Julia’s hospitality had warmed the large bed-room set apart for me, and provided a plentiful supply of towels to relish the delicious soft water of Beaver, I preferred giving the children a thorough bathing before the brightly- blazing fire, and then writing the valuable notes I have referred to before seeking my own rest. In the morning I heard noises outside, and going to the window saw about twenty Indian warriors dismounting from their horses; the leader con- ferring with Bishop Macbeth, at whose order the gates of the tithing-yard were thrown open, and—shall I use the civilized phrase ?—a Com- mittee of savage citizens proceeded to demolish half a haystack, carrying out armfuls of hay, and throwing it down before the horses of the band, now picketed in front of the yard. The summons to breakfast came, and the fair Julia was just leading us into the sight of an appetizingly-spread table. A woman (was she a stepmother?) was placing a pot of steaming coffee on it, and another woman (another step- mother ?) was withdrawing a pan of hot rolls from the oven, when Miss Julia suddenly paused, and saying, “ I beg your pardon; you will have ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33_F5_p114.jpg) to wait a few moments!” closed the door between us and herself. Not, however, before I had seen the outer door of the kitchen thrown open, and Bishop Macbeth enter, followed by the Indians, he saying to the women, “ Now, good people, you’ll have to satisfy these folks first.” Sitting hungrily beside the parlor window, I soon saw our copper-colored supplanters return- ing to their horses’ company with their hands and mouths full of our good breakfast. Our hostesses seemed to have taken it as a matter of course, for in less than half an hour we were demolishing more hot rolls, coffee, chickens, and other good things, which were smilingly pressed upon us from an apparently inexhaustible larder. The Indians had come, I suppose, to see President Young; but, if so, they were disap- pointed, for we started immediately after break- fast. BUCKHORN SPRING. RED CREEK. The storm which had been following us so long threatened to envelop us all the forenoon; occasionally snow-flakes falling from the low clouds that had hidden the surrounding moun- tain-tops. A party of men from Beaver rode out some miles on the plain with us. Passing a group of horses, closely fenced in with wattles, we saw several Indians waiting for us, who approached President Young’s carriage, but as ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33_F5_p115.jpg) 107 he did not stop they dropped behind in silence. Their faces were painted up in their, best style. One represented an overdone Neapolitan sun- set, and another flamed in metallic yellows like a brazen idol. All wore showy Navajo blankets —an incidental proof of the truth of Kanosh’s assertion that no blankets had been furnished them by the United States. These Indians were Pah-vants, the last we saw of Kanosh’s band; and I presume the reason that President Young would not stop to hear their complaints, was the same that made him decline so cavalierly to receive Kanosh, at Fillmore; dislike to being supposed to be in league with disaffected Indians while government had him under its frown. Three or four unarmed bands of Navajoes have been coming up as far as Beaver to trade this year. They want horses, and will not take money; and talk of intending to steal no more; but the Mormons think these virtuous profes- sions are the result of one of their bishops on the Arizona frontier threatening to establish a fortified ranche at the Colorado ford which they must cross in returning from their raids on Utah. The Mormons, as practical a people as they are daring, have gone to the expense of con- structing a telegraph line down to the very limit of Utah Territory. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33_F5_p116.jpg) Look at Doré’s “Wandering Jew,” striding along through forest and desert, always lonely, and possessed of secret knowledge he cannot impart. The artist makes the long perspective of tree-tops simulate crosses to reproach Ahas- uerus. The same weird effect is given by these poles, and that endless slender wire, stretching over sandy plain and volcano-blasted mountain. The telegraph is.protected from the Indians only by their own superstition. They believe it is charmed, and friendly Indians have come many miles to inform the Mormons that poles were down in some solitude they crossed. They have not dared to touch the magic cordage themselves. The Navajoes would give their wits to know the mystery of the “ medicine” which frustrates their best-laid plans, and posts Bishop Winsor and his “merry men” on guard at the Pass, ready any hour to intercept the horses they may have stolen two hundred miles away! They have been foiled so often that, for the present, “ the devil a monk would be.” One Indian of the Pah-vants rode for some miles beside the Beaver horsemen, leaning far forward on his saddle as he cantered along, his gay blanket dropped on the crupper like a riding-habit, his long, black hair and the fringes of his leggings fluttering in the wind of his ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33_F5_p117.jpg) going. But our horsemen soon dropped behind, waving courteous farewells to each carriage as it passed them. The road was rough; volcanic rocks cropping out and jarring us unexpectedly. The noonday halt was made at Buckhorn Springs, where we found but one little house, and at a short distance from it a stockaded enclosure for the animals. No garden, no trees, nothing but rock and sand to look at till our eyes rested on the mountains in the distance. The house stood on a slight elevation above the plain, and was inhabited by an aged pair who were wearing out the evening of their days in comfortless desolation. They had a fire burning on the wide hearth in their mud-and-log-walled cabin, and we went in to warm ourselves. The poor old wife’s palsied head nodded so that we could not understand her; but a chance remark of T.’s regarding the brilliantly-colored woodcut of Beauregard and his Confederate generals that adorned the room, led the old man to overcome his repugnance to a Northern officer sufficiently to lead him to ask eager ques- tions about Lee and Stonewall Jackson. Every answer that pleased him, he greeted like a primitive Methodist with a~ long-drawn “Ah!” or “Glory be to God!” I listened to the wind which howled round the cabin as if it were a ship in a gale, while my 10 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33_F5_p118.jpg) husband good-humoredly gratified the old man’s curiosity. When we left the house the sun had dispersed the clouds, and the icy wind came from moun- tains bright with fresh-fallen snow. The sun- shine was so brilliant, too, that the glare was unbearable, and the absence of coloring, except staring white and blue, increased the feeling I had of being at sea with a brisk north-wester blowing. Hurrying into our carriages, we buried our- selves in the furs and prepared for an uninter- esting afternoon. But we were not done with violent effects of color. There is no home-like scenery in Utah; a scene-painter’s nightmare would be tame to nature’s productions here with rocks and sand. The afternoon was wearing on to the sunset when we came to a blood-red land,—cliffs, soil, and a crumbling old adobe fort, all red. Beside it a rushing stream dashed up wavelets of turbid red. Then came three or four red adobe houses, and some stacks of the brilliant straw-colored hay, with freshly- opened green hearts. The dreary wind howled and whistled among the walls and palings, and shook our carriages when we halted for a few minutes. Thankfulness overpowered me that, wherever else my lot in life might be cast, it was to be neither at Buckhorn Springs nor Red Creek Village! ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33_F5_p119.jpg) Leaving the red cliffs behind, our carriages crawled through heavy sand at the base of a rocky wall which reminded me of Third Avenue, New York, as I remember it before the days of Central Park. It wanted only a street car, some stray bits of straw and newspaper, three Irish shanties, and a stencilled “Try Tarrant’s Effervescing,” to make me feel at home. The rendering of the wind-blown dust over the smoothly-slanting rock was perfect. Hark!” cried Evan, suddenly. “ There’s music. Listen!” We all laughed; for I had been saying this was like coming into New York, and Willie said, with the air of superiority which his nicer ear for music entitled him to assume over Evan, “ It’s only a cow mooing,” and he pointed to a herd in the distance. But the gusts of wind soon brought the sound plainly. It was the brass band from Parowan come out to meet us, escorted by a troop of many youths. The horses danced and plunged as the band-wagon fell into line, and we entered Parowan in great state to the music of “John Brown’s Body.” Our carriage, President Young’s, and another drew up in the courtyard of Bishop Norman’s low-roofed but wide-spreading home, and we stood a few minutes on the piazza to listen to the last strains of the band, and exult over the promise of a fair day on the morrow. Over the ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33_F5_p120.jpg) roofs of the town we could see that the snow- clouds were caught by the skirts, and trailing away over the mountains in the distance. The last rays of sunset streamed up a red and glori- ous background to the flag, which—forgive the scream of the eagle!—displayed its folds in the evening breeze from a liberty pole in the court- house yard. PAROWAN. Bishop Norman’s comfortable house was one of those in which you feel at home at once. The very shepherd-dog on the piazza made friends with the children when they first stepped on the piazza, and “spoke” for a biscuit as if he had known them all his life. The master and mis- tress looked so like a Norfolkshire squire and dame, that I was surprised to learn that they were both from Massachusetts. Mrs. Norman was short, stout, merry, and dimpled: a suitable mate for Mr. Norman. She took me to my room, and when I rejoined her in the parlor in- troduced me to—Mrs. Norman. This one was tall, thin, serious and high-cheek-boned, and the two together reminded me of Hood’s “ For I am short and she is tall, And that’s the short and long of it.” To repress my inclination to smile, I plunged into conversation, inquiring whether a young ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33_F5_p121.jpg) woman who appeared in the doorway for a mo- ment, vanishing at a summons from the kitchen, was the tall wife’s daughter. She replied, chid- ingly, “Certainly not!” and the plump one an- swered, merrily, “Oh, no. No, that’s our Mr. Norman’s third!” Of Parowan itself, I saw little. The principal houses surround the court-house square, and are shaded generously by double rows of cotton- wood trees. These grow so fast that although planted only twenty-one years ago, in the infancy of the settlement, they give the town quite a middle-aged look, their branches already over- arching the streets. When we reached the end of a day’s journey, after taking off our outer garments and wash- ing off the dust, it was the custom of our party to assemble before the fire in the sitting-room, and the leading “brothers and sisters” of the settlement would come in to pay their respects. The front door generally opened directly from the piazza into the parlor, and was always on the latch, and the circle round the fire varied constantly as the neighbors dropped in or went away. At these informal audiences, reports, complaints, and petitions were made; and I think I gathered more of the actual working of Mormonism by listening to them than from any other source. They talked away to Brigham 10* ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33_F5_p122.jpg) Young about every conceivable matter, from the fluxing of an ore to the advantages of a Navajo bit, and expected him to remember every child in every cotter’s family. And he really seemed to do so, and to be at home, and be rightfully deemed infallible on every subject. I think he must make fewer mistakes than most popes, from his being in such constant intercourse with his people. I noticed that he never seemed un- interested, but gave an unforced attention to the person addressing him, which suggested a mind free from care. I used to fancy that he wasted a great deal of power in this way; but I soon saw that he was accumulating it. Power, I mean, at least as the driving-wheel of his people’s industry. Among the callers who dropped in at Paro- wan, my attention was drawn to a tiny old woman, who seemed blown into the room with a gust of wind, which was indeed so strong that she could not latch the door again after enter- ing. Elder Potteau sprang to her assistance, and, looking up to thank him, she cried, “Oh, you dear, blessed man! Don’t you remember me ?” “Sister Ranforth,” Mrs. Norman good-na- turedly hinted in a stage-whisper, and the Elder greeted her by that name. “Yes; here I am. Look at me, so strong ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33_F5_p123.jpg) and hearty!" (She looked like a withered leaf.) “ Don’t you remember in ’57, at the meeting in St. Mary Axe, when the brethren were all say- ing I was too old and feeble to go out to join the saints, that I said I wanted to start if I died on the way, that the Lord might know I tried to obey his words, and go to the gathering-in of Zion ? And you said, ‘ Sister, you shall go. I feel to promise you that you shall reach the saints and see your children’s children, and peace upon Israel.’ And I have," cried the old creature, with joyful tears; “ I have seen my children’s children, and it’s not four weeks sin’ I held my first great-great-grandchild in these arms. I wasn’t quite ready to depart before; but I am now, and especially since I have seen you again. The Lord bless you, Elder Potteau, for the good words you spoke that day!” Some of the women took her into another room to rest, for she was quite exhausted by her emotion. Her life seemed to be fading away with her color before our eyes. The saints who are more used to his presence take Brother Brigham’s arrival at a village tranquilly, but new-comers in Utah greet him much more deferentially than if he were the President of the United States. There was a bright-eyed woman at Parowan with snow-white ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33_F5_p124.jpg) hair who tried to kiss his hand, and went round to all the party shaking hands with both hands and patting us. She had only been in Utah three months, and had come out with a train of indigent, almost destitute, converts. When such persons arrive, the bishops of the different wards provide them with homes and work, and Bishop Norman had taken her to his own roof, because her absolute deafness made her an un- acceptable inmate to most people. “ But I can make you hear, can’t I?” screamed the jolly wife into her ear, growing purple with the exertion. The deaf woman nodded with a pleased look, as she replied, “ Never once yet.” Fortunately for Mrs. Norman’s confusion, she went on to tell me that “ never once yet” had she regretted leaving England. The saints were so good to her, notwithstanding her infirmity. I thought Mrs. Norman certainly was, when I saw how much trouble she had to make the sufferer understand anything. Mrs. Norman said she always went to meeting, and seemed to enjoy it as much as if she knew what was said there; and I noticed that one of the wives remained at home to take care of the house that evening to let Priscilla go to meeting, “ because it was one of the few pleasures she seemed to have.” She had been aged by a domestic tragedy, which ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33_F5_p125.jpg) whitened her hair in early youth, but her deaf- ness had come on gradually. She was a “servant” in the Normans’ house, but, in the southern Mormon settlements at least, there is no distinction made between mis- tress and servant. The younger “ sisters” think it no degradation to go to live in the houses of the married ones and help them with their work, and when work is over, they sit down to meals or “ go to parties” together. I am not speaking of the rougher sort alone. I have met a wealthy bishop’s daughter at a dance, dressed in white muslin, who has opened the door for me next morning with arms fresh from the wash-tub, when I went to call upon her mis- tress. It did me no harm when she shook hands on leaving me in the parlor, apologizing for being unable to remain with me. Such girls sometimes marry their masters. A nice possibility for the wife hiring “ help” to keep before her eyes ! I met one woman who had claimed from her mistress the fulfillment of a jesting promise,—that if she served her faith- fully for seven years, she would give her to her husband to wife. At the end of the seven years, she jilted a man to whom she was affianced, recalled the forgotten promise to her mistress’s mind, and became her master's plural wife. There was no question of affection on ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33_F5_p126.jpg)  either side. I believe she merely wished to share in his glory in heaven, with a modest competence here below. I give her up to you, father, to abuse to your heart’s content. Appa- rently, she angled for a rich man quite as much as if she had not been a Saint. It is not for such as she that I ask your pity and sympathy. It is for those women who have become “plural wives” from a sense of duty, and who think their lot happy because they deem that God’s blessing rests upon its hard conditions. I would have you pity Delia J., for instance, the wife of a man double her age. Of her the first wife said to me, “ Delia is the blessing of my life. It is true that she has had trouble in polygamy. She could not bring her mind for a long time to see it to be her duty. But she is reconciled now. I thank the Lord every day that now that I am infirm, Brother Samuel has her at his side to watch over him, and see that his health and comfort are attended to as he is growing old.” Childless herself, this Delia is dearly loved by all the other wives’ children, some of them older than she is. That first wife’s eldest daughter said to me unaffectedly one day, when we happened to interrupt an earnest conference between her mother and Delia, Mother loves her better than any of us, and admits her into ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33_F5_p127.jpg) her inmost confidence ; “because, of course, she is nearer to pa than we can be.” Pity her! I pitied Delia from the depths of my soul! I saw her wince once at an allusion to her childlessness, and thought how happy that devoted, affectionate nature might have made a home where she ruled sole mistress of the heart of a husband worthy of her. Yet Delia was one of those who spoke most earnestly to me of polygamy as of divine insti- tution, and rejected with horror the solution of the Mormon difficulty which I advocated: that Congress should forbid any further polygamous marriages, but legalize those that already ex- isted, seemed to me both just and merciful. “ Secure my social position!" she once re- peated after me. “ How can that satisfy me! I want to be assured of my position in God’s estimation. If polygamy is the Lord’s order, we must carry it out in spite of human laws and persecutions. If our marriages have been sins, Congress is no vicegerent of God; it cannot forgive sins, nor make what was wrong, right. ‘ Hard for me if polygamy were abolished, with- out some provision for women situated as I am!’ Yes, but how much harder to bring myself to accept such a law as you speak of, and admit, as I should be admitting, that all I have sacri- ficed has not been for God’s sake! I should feel ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33_F5_p128.jpg) as if I were agreeing to look upon my past life as a—as a worthless woman’s—upon which I had never had His blessing. I’d rather die!” How I detested her husband as she spoke! I felt sure he could not believe that that was a divine ordinance which sacrificed those women’s lives to his. I heard him say that when “Joseph” first promulgated the Revelation of Polygamy he “felt that the grave was sweet! All that winter, whenever a funeral passed,—‘and it was a sickly season,’—I would stand and look after the hearse, and wish I was in that coffin ! But that went over!” I should think it had gone over! He has had more than half a dozen wives. PAROWAN TO CEDAR. We had a serenade at Parowan as well as at Nephi, but I was so tired that I fell asleep before it was ended. T. praised the singing; and, in answer to my inquiries, told me that four babies, in arms, made their appearance with their mammas, the female singers of the choir. Next morning, too, the brass band made their appearance as we took our departure; some- what to the discomposure of the nerves of one of the horses, who broke away from the groom who was harnessing him, and after careering round the yard, leaped the fence, and galloped ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33_F5_p129.jpg)  off to the open country. The time occupied in recapturing him enabled the band to give us a number of airs, and superbly well they played them. Our morning drive to Cedar City was un- interesting; volcanic rocks, sage-brush, rabbit- bush, and grease-wood; on the plain the hills dotted with unpicturesque stunted cedars. Coming toward the city, we saw long fissures in the earth, five to ten feet across, and ten to fifteen feet deep, the result of drought. To compare large things with small, the plain was a grossly magnified representation of the un- drained hollows on our country roads, where, after the puddles have dried up in summer, the clay is seamed with unpleasing cracks over which the yellow butterflies delight to sport. Next we came to a ruined foundry, where the Mormons had made an attempt to flux the ores of the neighborhood. Much money has been made in Utah, but there are enough evidences of abandoned enterprises to show how faithfully the Mormons have endeavored to utilize the resources of the country and not dishonestly protect its manufactures. The best of the people wear homespun, and use inferior tools, and produce goods that return them but one per cent. on the capital invested, rather than look outside the promised land “for benefits 11 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33_F5_p130.jpg) the Lord has given them in it; if they could but exercise faith strongly enough to work with patience, and in spite of failure and disappoint- ment, until mistakes are corrected by repeated experiments, and perseverance attains its end.” Brigham Young is expected to put some of his capital into every good work, and this seems only fair. I believe that the foundry at Cedar City is to be reconstructed now that they have succeeded in finding a coal suitable for their purpose within easy reach; and I suppose that the Mormons’ efforts to make silk, and cot- ton, and woolen goods, to work iron, produce sugar and molasses, wine, prunes, raisins and so forth, will finally be successful. They do not selfishly aim to put on the general market of the world an article which shall drive others out because it is the best and cheapest of its kind. Their ethics teach them simply to provide each settlement with some industry which shall make it self-supporting. The infant manufacture is expected to be encouraged by the saints, in spite of the temptations to purchase the cheaper Gentile productions that penetrate everywhere into the territory: in short, the manufacturers and consumers are expected to show their faith in Providence by flying in the face of Adam Smith. It would have been ludicrous, if it had not been pathetic, to hear the exhortations to saints who ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33_F5_p131.jpg) had been told off to Southern settlements where the desert had failed to blossom as the rose, and the torrid sun had disordered their livers. They were reminded that they looked upon their prospects with jaundiced eyes, and assured that it was only the weakness of their faith which made them fail to see the means of subsistence at their feet. Had they tried the silk-worm faithfully? There was Sister Murray in such a settlement who had done so, and succeeded. Had they tried making fuel of the tar of pitch-pine ? had they examined practically all that might be made of the pitch-pine of the cañons? Had they made mattresses of the fibre of the soap-plant, or dried it for exportation ? I recall now a san- guine speaker running on with a dozen such bootless illustrations of the “ capabilities” of the region in which we were, while I looked out from the open window of the meeting-house upon the barren, barren plain, which the poor saints of the congregation were vainly trying to improve. The plain sparkled in the sunshine. It was white for miles with soda! and the alkali was the most discouraging feature of the leprous landscape. But his hopeful disposition failed to suggest the idea that I hear is now under con- sideration at Washington. It is proposed that such lands shall be sold to future settlers at a ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33_F5_p132.jpg) higher price than ordinary government land; to wit, as if they contained coal and iron, silver or gold—in Washington English, as mineral lands. Had the preacher but thought of that! CEDAR CITY. When we fairly entered Cedar City I was pleased with its many long rows of trees. It is a (comparatively) old town, and they have had time to attain a very large size. The street where we halted was a shady avenue, and the lids drooped of my homesick Evan’s eyes as the breeze rustled in the leafless branches arching overhead. Under foot was a sheet of ice. The person whose duty it was to shut off the water at night that flowed through the streets, had forgotten to do so the night before, and the channels had frozen on the surface and overflowed and frozen again. We drew up before a large brick house in front of which a great bell swung. It had been made at the foundry, and when I suggested to our hostess that the noise it made must be deafening, so close to the parlor window, she answered with simplicity, “ Oh, no; there’s such a crack in it that it makes hardly any noise at all.” Our host was a blind man. Hardly yet in the prime of life, the terrible disease of the eyes ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33_F5_p133.jpg) which is so prevalent in Southern Utah had fallen upon him, and all the afflictions of Job, in the way of losses of cattle and other property, seemed to have followed. He would have been absolutely helpless, but for the exertions of his two brave little wives; little hens that scratched the barnyard faithfully for the support of the brood. They turned the house into an inn, and though it was but sparsely furnished, it was spotlessly clean, as I know; for I sat part of the afternoon in the kitchen. The wife who was busiest there had no children of her own, though one of the other wife’s had been given to and reared by her; and she had the neat kitchen strangely furnished. One end was carpeted with oil-cloth, and in front of a window-full of scarlet geraniums stood a table with a brightly polished telegraph apparatus; and she turned from her stove and its pots and pans to her battery and clicking needle-point without flurry or embarrassment. I asked her whether it had not been hard for her to learn, for she was no longer young. She said "Yes;" that her fingers were inflexible, and that it had been very hard to eyes unused to delicate sewing and ears un- practiced to listen to fine differences of sound; but the Lord had helped her, knowing Mr. Hunt’s need. She spoke of herself as a rough and unedu- II* ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33_F5_p134.jpg) cated woman, though I found she had an accur- ate ear for music and a lovely voice in singing. But she had mastered her profession well enough to tell by ear what was going over the wires, and I believe that is considered a tolerable test. I like to see women telegraphing, it is dainty work well suited to our sex; and on our Eastern roads the officers tell me that the women tele- graphers are more steadily attentive to their duties than men, and of course seldomer, I hope I may say never, stupefied with the fumes of tobacco or liquor. Their offices are cleaner, too, and gay with flowers, and those who for their sins are compelled to wait for a train at a wayside station often appreciate this difference. Still, women yield to one dissipation men are less apt to indulge in, and it was a characteristic that be- trayed the sex of the telegrapher at the place we had left in the morning, when Mrs. Hunt re- marked to her sister-wife that evening that “ Par- owan has been called by St. George three times without answering. She will go to meeting !” Mr. Hunt did what he could to help, poor fel- low, and poked his way about with a long stick, as he directed his little boys in the barn and garden. They had a garden behind the house which must have been very pretty in summer, the large beds having neat box edges, and the main walk passing between fine peach trees. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33_F5_p135.jpg) His voice and manner, though melancholy and subdued, were those of a gentleman ; and sitting apart beside the fire I overheard what was probably not intended for my ears. His little unkempt barefooted boys had followed him into the room. He sat down with my Evan on his knee, and passing his hand over the child’s curling locks, and the fine cloth of his jacket, said to his own sons,— “ Lads, when I was your age I was dressed like this, and a servant waited upon me. When you grow to my age, remember I never grudged what I have undergone for my faith.” In the morning when we assembled for prayers, he was prayed for, Mormon-fashion,—“ Bless his lids that the swelling thereof may diminish; and his eyeballs that the inflammation may cease; and the nerve of his eyes that its sensitiveness may be restored; and that he may see again the beauty and the glory of Thy Kingdom.” After we rose, as the custom was in many houses, the family sang a hymn; and it touched me to see, him (although there were two wives which present repelled me), standing with his hand on the shoulder of one, the telegraph operator, while the other had her little ones grouped about her; and singing, “ Mercy, oh thou Son of David, Thus blind Bartimeus prayed.” ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33_F5_p136.jpg) Poor man! His eyesight, I heard, did get a little better before we left Utah, and he became able to “ see men as trees walking,” and for even that cloudy vision he was thankful. As he said-after prayers that day, “It might be the Lord’s will to grant him sight, and if so his faith should not be wanting to enable him to lay hold of the blessing.” While I was acquainting myself with this simple household, T. was pestered in the parlor by some of the same class of mining speculators who beset him at Salt Lake City. There were also plain farmers who had come to seek counsel of “ Brother Brigham,” whether to sell their farms to speculators, or to go shares with them in seeking minerals, or simply to plod on, using their coal only for family purposes. These gaped with open mouths at the glib, eager man, who had his pocket full of specimens from this and that neighboring mountain, and who pressed upon T. a share in his enterprise in re- turn for a loan of the capital his worn boots showed his need of. These men had some really fine specimens, though their value was impaired to experienced eyes by their having been “doctored.” Still, I do not mean to say that Cedar City has not a great future before it, pos- sessing as it does, coal, lime, and iron ores in con- venient proximity to each other. I hope Mr. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33_F5_p137.jpg) Hunt’s boys may share the prosperity of their birthplace! T. presently made his escape to a more inter- esting group. Outside the windows near the big bell, stood all the winter afternoon a patient cluster of Indians. One sat on a rough pony, who stood motionless with drooping head, tired apparently by a long journey. The rider had his foot in a bloody bandage, and glanced from time to time at the parlor window. Did he hope the Great Medicine “ Bigham” would come out and cure him? He never said anything, and rode quietly away at dusk. I knew “ Bigham” couldn’t cure him, but felt half-provoked that he didn’t come out and make-believe to do so. The leader, a well-built, and, for a Ute, rather handsome man, could speak a few words of Mexican-Spanish. He bore a name common to many chiefs in Utah, but not then known to fame. He was a, but not the Captain John, Juan, or Jack. I transfer this mention of him from my note-book here, solely because I have a long story to tell of him, further on. He be- came possessed with the notion that he was divinely inspired, and did some frightfully queer things. I have seen something of insane per- sons, and a good deal more of religious enthu- siasts ; but a red Indian crazy upon religion, is the hardest character to understand I can con- ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33_F5_p138.jpg) ceive of. The belief of some of these characters in their most ridiculous fancies is absolute. One of them, for instance, who was recently an esteemed friend of this very John, ordered his followers to kill him, to prove how instantly he would receive a new body. He laid his head down: they chopped it off; and I visited his grave. KANNARRA. Our next stage from Cedar City was to Kan- narra. “Wrap up the children well,” Mrs. Jane said, as we were about starting; “ you will need all the warm clothing you have. We shall reach the rim of the basin this evening.” We thanked her afterwards for the timely warning. Our way lay along a level plain, forming an avenue between mountains that gradually drew closer together toward the south, where opened the one wide pass of Kannarra. Before sunset we caught sight of a great mountain ablaze with color, which we called Mt. Sinai. It stood apart on our left, half withdrawn behind two gray masses which we christened the Twin Friars: a natural rock portal revealing the entrance to a gloomy cañon at their feet. Hard by, in the foreground, appeared some crum- ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33_F5_p139.jpg) bling adobe walls, fast resolving themselves into the red earth from which they had sprung, and —emblem of desolation—an abandoned grave- yard, where the gray tombstones were aslant, and half-buried in the drifting sand that had be- gun to wear them out of shape and efface the lettering of the names engraved upon them. The shrill wind was busy at its work of heaping up the sand on them, and blew a steady blast which penetrated all our mufflings. For the gorge we were passing was Kannarra Cañon, the true name of the great mountain was the peak of Kannarra, and the desolate ruins at hand were the abandoned village of Kannarra, from which the wind had driven the settlers. Absolutely nothing, not even a potato, they told us, could be grown there. The mere obstruc- tion of a garden fence served to gather a moun- tain of sand when the wind rose; and one day the settlers were threatened with being buried alive, and the next, perhaps, a still stronger wind would sweep away sand, fences, roofs, and walls, and leave the plain smooth and naked as a sea- beach. So they withdrew to a new “ location,” a little more sheltered, but still in the pass; for the Conference had decided it to be necessary to hold the post against Indian incursions. We reached this place shortly after. It was cheer- ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33_F5_p140.jpg) less enough. Most of the houses were mere adobe huts; but there was one substantial brick building, and in this we were quartered. We had a spacious bedroom; but the skill of all the hospitable Roundhed family failed to induce the fire to do anything but fill the room with gusts of smoke; and we gave up, thinking that if the Roundheds could endure it all winter, we certainly might for one day. Moreover, as Mrs. Roundhed remarked philosophically,— “ It was a mercy it was this wind; because, if our stove drew, the fire in the sitting-room on the other side of the house would have smoked, and all the party had to sit there.” As it was, we were very comfortable beside the great fire that roared up the sitting-room chimney; and the children were amused by the draught that lifted the heavy cocoa-matting on the floor in waves. Whoever entered from out- side came in with a surprising suddenness, and the door slammed to indecorously behind the indigenous visitor before he could get his breath to gasp out, “ A welcome to Kannarra!” Our hostess was almost bent double with sciatica, and appeared to be one of the saints who feel “ Earth is a desert drear, Heaven is my home.” Not that she did not set before us a bountiful ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33_F5_p141.jpg) meal, well cooked, and seasoned with hospitable words; but she seemed to think she had not yet found her abiding city, and that it was hardly worth while for her to set her affections on any place here below,—certainly not on Kannarra. Her husband’s father had been one of the earliest of Joseph Smith’s followers, and father and son had adhered to the faith with the tenacity of mastiffs. Every line of Round- hed’s weather-beaten face showed courage and fidelity. Those who are thoroughly trustworthy by nature may be sure that society will give their virtue full opportunity to develop itself. The unselfish, dutiful child in a family is always adequately “put upon.” To the bravest soldier is ever given the honor of leading the forlorn hope. The Roundheds had been pioneers, I learned, in divers dismal settlements. They were among the founders of that “ Happy Valley,” in Nevada, where the dogs scratched savagely in the sand for places to cool their burning feet, and hens threw themselves on their backs and waved their claws in the air with the same end in view. I am not speaking in jest; I have the directest obtainable authority for the anecdote that Sister Morris found a young chicken on her parlor mantelpiece, which had hatched out from the egg there. It was 12 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33_F5_p142.jpg) one of three eggs, the first laid in the new settle- ment, set up on the mantelpiece as a special delicacy for her husband, and forgotten acci- dentally when “ Colin cam’ hame.” That sister gave up raising chickens, because the hot sand cooked the eggs nearly as fast as the hens laid them; and although the hens were willing to sit on them till they boiled themselves, nothing came of their devotion. This was in the charming Mormon “ cotton settlement” on the Muddy River, called Saint Thomas. Mrs. Roundhed, bent with sciatica, in wind- swept Kannarra, cherished tender thoughts of St. Thomas, where her rheumatism would cer- tainly have been “ thawed out.” I thought her situation unenviable, but the next time I came by Kannarra, when the snow lay a foot deep on her doorstep, I pitied her more. A month before, her husband had been detailed to head that exploring mission among the Indians near the San Francisco mountain, in Arizona, which caused so much speculation in our Eastern newspapers. She had been ever since shut up in in Kannarra, not knowing whether he was alive or destroyed by savages, or starved to death, or frozen down some half- mile-deep cañon of the awful Colorado. I had the pleasure of giving her the first news of his safety. [Written in left margin] broiled ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33_F5_p143.jpg) The messenger who had brought her hus- band word that he was set apart for this mis- sion, told me that he arrived in the middle of the night. Mrs. Roundhed got up without a murmur, kindled a fire, and prepared a meal for him. As she watched her saucepan she heard the conversation imperfectly. She raised her- self from her stooping position at the fire, and with one hand on her aching back, and the other suppressing a yawn, said, as quietly as if it were an everyday thing, “Well, Brother Gunn, I Suppose this means another move for the saints ? The Lord knows I'm ready!” I am sure I hope she will be detailed to some settlement, on our own planet, where there are green pastures beside still waters. Of course I saw Kannarra at its worst. Doubtless its winds are grateful in summer to those who toil up from the hot plains. And I am told that there is fine ranching ground only five or six miles off, fine coal, too, near and plentiful, and iron ore. We spent Sunday at Kannarra. My husband and children went to the little meeting-house, whence the boys returned awed by their recol- lections of the hideous painted faces of some Pi-edes, who had flattened their noses against the window-panes of the building, back of where they sat. “ Enough,” Evy declared, “ to give ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33_F5_p144.jpg) him nightmares for a year.” As for me, I had found my first breath of keen air more than enough, and had withdrawn to the fireside, where I was entertained for the remainder of the day by one of the informal audiences I have spoken of. One brother was “ breathing fire and slaugh- ter” against the Pi-edes; and the bishop’s ex- hortations having failed to inspire charity in his breast, he was brought to Brother Brigham to be “ counselled” into submissiveness. I was told that he was a “ rash man,” venturing out alone from the settlements, and had been re- peatedly chased by the Indians; and that “it was his brothers who got into the bad scrape.” “What' scrape was that?” I inquired, desiring to hear some adventure with a triumphant end. “Well, both his brothers and the wife of one of them were pursued and killed. They were not scalped; but they were stripped and their wagon robbed.” “By the Navajoes, I suppose ?” “Why, no,” said my informant, sinking his voice, and looking cautiously at the bereaved brother; “ they were Pi-edes ; and unfortunately he thinks he recognizes one of his sister’s ear- rings and a brooch of hers on one of them that are round here to-day.” It is hard to keep the younger brethren from ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33_F5_p145.jpg) avenging such wrongs promptly; but unless the case is clear to the criminal’s tribe, punishment, however condign, would lead to a regular ven- detta. But I really think the patience of the Mormons with the Indians surpasses anything we read of the Quakers or Moravians. You never hear the Mormon younkers boast of prowess at the savages’ expense; their whole tone is different from ours. They talk, for in- stance, of the duty of avoiding tempting them by traveling alone or unarmed. The Mormon elders will not hear of vengeance on a tribe or band for acts committed by individual members of it. They think highly of the Indians’ “ sense of justice,” and unless an outrage committed can be fully traced to some previous offense of a white, for which it is a reprisal, they obstinately attribute it to some “bad Indian,” whom his chief would be quite as willing to punish as we would one of our white criminals. Bishop Roundhed spoke of the bands of Navajoes of whom we had heard at Beaver. They had stated their case simply to him thus : If he would trade, they would be friends, and buy his horses with blankets ; if not, as they wanted horses and must have them, he, Bishop Roundhed, could watch the ranches his best, and they would help themselves when and where they could. Said the bishop, “I had no horses, 12* ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33_F5_p146.jpg) but I thought it best for the safety of the Co-op. herd to send up to the ranche for a lot of ‘broncos.’ They were some that we hadn’t been able to do anything with.” Brigham Young nodded acquiescence, and I asked whether the Navajoes would buy un- ruly “broncos.” “Yes, indeed,” the bishop answered, “and in a few hours they came riding back to Kannarra on the worst ones we had, as quiet as you please. The Navajoes are wonderful horse-tamers.” I asked whether their method was known. He replied, that they carried the horses out of the way to subdue them ; but he had seen them rub a little of a red powder which they had with them, on a headstrong horse’s nose, and bring it into instant subjection. They would not sell him any of this powder, nor tell him what it was. Then Roundhed was bidden to propose a speculation to the next band of Navajoes that came along. The “church herd” on one of the islands in the Salt Lake has multiplied fast, and there are now a large number of wild horses there. No one lives on the island, but a number of wolves dispute its supremacy with the horses; and the horses have battled with the wolves for life—the supplies of other food for the carnivora being scanty—until they have grown so fierce that no white man finds it pay to attempt tam- ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33_F5_p147.jpg) ing them. The proposition to be made the Navajoes was, that they should tame the church herd on shares. They should receive one-half the horses for their pains: the Mormons to have first choice, however. Bishop Roundhed seemed to think the Navajoes would embrace the offer. He showed me seven fine blankets which he had received in exchange for one small mare. These Navajo blankets are said to be waterproof, and many of them are of beautifully- varied colors; red, white, blue and black in the same blanket. Some are woven with compli- cated designs, evidently varying with the humor of the weaver. Unlike the lazy Pi-edes and Utes, there are Navajo men who think it not beneath their dignity to work, and will sit pa- tiently on their heels in the sunshine all day twirling the spindle. The different styles of Indian blanket vary more than our own do, but a connoisseur can tell the difference between a Moquis, an Apache, or a Navajo blanket at a glance. I have spoken of the “ Co-op. herd.” In Utah they have carried the principle of co-operation very far, and finding how well it pays are push- ing it in every direction. Each settlement has its herd, its dairy, its stores, its irrigating chan- nels, and its fields managed on this basis; and the effort so far to restore the primitive Chris- ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33_F5_p148.jpg) tian communism is entirely successful in settle- ments where the brethren live alone, without Gentiles to come in on them. One fence will enclose the harvest-fields or cotton-grounds of a whole settlement, each brother doing his share of the labor and being credited with his portion of the produce. The excellent roads that carried us from one end of the territory to the other are not main- tained at the cost of the entire population. The sums voted by the legislature are small, as the nominal taxation of Utah is very light; but the brethren from each settlement come out and make the road as part of the tithing of their labor. The bishops act as unpaid supervisors, and Brigham Young praises or blames each day’s work as he comes to his journey’s end over it. Of course the tithing is not exacted from the Gentiles, and the Mormon roads are of great service to our miners for the carriage of their heavy freights. And, equally of course, the Mormons feel a little like the elder brother in the parable; seeing the prodigal’s caravan roll- ing to the mines, where they cannot go. SOUTHERN RIM OF THE BASIN. We were told to prepare for eighteen miles of rough road when we left Kannarra, and we ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33_F5_p149.jpg) certainly encountered them. We were fairly in the rocks, and the lava blocks are the flintiest stones I ever heard ring against horse-shoe and wheel-tire. The air was so clear that every object stood out in stereoscopic relief. The view was per- petually changing as our horses brought us abreast of openings in the gray mountain-wall on our left, revealing glimpses of a crowded world of red and yellow crags and peaks beyond. More golden sunshine seemed to rest on them than fell on us outside. For me to say that they were unnaturally vivid in color and harsh in their contrasts, would only signify that I was used to the gentle outlines and soft hues of Nature at home. Moses led his people forty years through such scenery as this. Afterwards, we seemed to have come upon a great sloping down or moorland, sparsely stud- ded with yuccas. Fairly tired out with gorgeous landscape and the constant use of epithetic adjectives, I had thrown myself back on the cushions, thinking, “ Now for an uninteresting drive, I am glad of it,” when the carriage ahead of us stopped and the driver came back to us. “Brother Young says, ‘Please watch yon crack, Mrs. T.’ ” I lean out. There is nothing, surely, there. The sloping plain seems to have a fold or wrinkle ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33_F5_p150.jpg) in it, so that its outline against the sky is broken, by a “ fault,” as our coal-miners would say—and resumes its slope, about fifteen feet lower. For politeness’ sake, however, I watch the “ fault.” As we approach, altering our course, I see that it is a crack in the earth, and that the road runs towards it. A few minutes more, and we are winding down a narrow road painfully excavated along the side of what I now see to be a chasm, sheer down which I can look hun- dreds of feet—and I much prefer not looking! But T. insists, and the children laugh at my cowardice, and I gaze in fascinated terror. We are so close to the edge that every now and then a stone our wheel has dislodged goes bounding down the precipice, hardly touching the steep side once before it strikes the frozen ice of the tiny stream below. We wind in and out of the corners of the great chasm, making short half-turns, President Young’s coupé taking the lead. He stops when he has rounded each; and we see him looking out opposite us, almost within hand-shaking distance, it seems, until our more unwieldy carriage has safely turned the angle; and then as we pursue our way we see the remaining vehicles crawling along the curves we have just run. I am so glad to notice that one of the Mormon women is as great a coward as I am! She is burying her face in her hands, ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33_F5_p151.jpg) and her husband is rallying her as mine rallied me three minutes ago at the same spot. We are descending rapidly. I find I like rounding the outer curve of the precipice even less than taking the inner. The stream still falls more rapidly than the road, for I have made a hurried mental calculation that my courage can hold out until we have accomplished the five hun- dred feet of descent we first looked down upon. But we ought to have done that half a mile ago, and we seem to be looking down from a greater height still. “ Oh me!” I exclaim; “ is there no way of getting home in spring without coming back this way?” No, only this; unless I like to go down through the Apache country better. At last we near the bottom. The stream, re- leased from its icy fetters, dashes gayly at our feet, and we are level with the top of a magni- ficent stone-pine, the one and only big tree I have seen in Utah. No; here is another, sheltered by the great rock wall; and now we are out of Ash Creek Cañon, and over the rim of the basin! We had descended a thousand feet, the Mor- mons said. T. contradicted them; which I thought was a great shame. The air was perceptibly warmer. A pool of water near which we passed was not in the least frost-bound. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33_F5_p152.jpg) The evening grew chill, however, before we reached Bellevue, a place which belies its name, being in a narrow valley between steep moun- tains. There had been some discussion at Kannarra as to our remaining here for the night. Some of the party were in favor of pushing on, if pos- sible, to St. George. Little Mabel had inspired my boys with an eager desire to stay at Belle- vue, where she had spent a child’s happy sum- mer, and was positive that Mr. Dawes’s barn could accommodate all the horses, and Mrs. Dawes’s hospitality provide for all the travelers. The decision was to halt at Bellevue, and the female suffrage, I will not deny, was in favor of a late start next morning. BELLEVUE. I had an impression that Mr. Dawes’s farm- house was a mere summer shelter for the family, to which they retired when the heat made their town house at St. George unbearable; and at best expected it to turn out an untenanted, barn-like place. I forgot that a Mormon could have as many housekeepers as he had houses. It was dark when we drew up at the kitchen door of the farm-house. A ruddy light streamed out, and our new hostess stood on the threshold to greet us. The kitchen was as neat as a par- ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33_F5_p153.jpg)  lor, and the aromatic scent of hot coffee came pleasantly to our hungry senses—the proof that we were expected. Another Mrs. Dawes, as trim, pretty, and youthful-looking as the one who received us, came from the stove, where she was superintending some delicate cookery, and the two conducted us to our rooms. I had my choice of two equally comfortable ones, and found them both brightly carpeted, and well furnished. Summoned to supper, I entered a large, pleasant room, with a blazing fire, and a look of refinement about its arrange- ment that was in delightful contrast to the wild scenes I had been gazing on during the after- noon. In an instant Arabia Deserta had blos- somed into Arabia Felix. All our companions seemed in the best of spirits, and the mountains of rolls, the piled-up dishes of steaming potatoes, the steaks and chickens that our party made an end of before the more fanciful edibles, the cakes, and pies, and preserves were attacked, were enough to have justified the debate whether it was fair to come down on a Bellevue household on such short notice as we were compelled to give. But the little dames flitted about from parlor to kitchen, smilingly pressing fresh supplies upon us, and encouraging us to empty their great glass pitchers of delicious cream 'while we 13 ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33_F5_p154.jpg)  could,’ as the milk at St. George was affected by the alkaline water and peculiar grasses. After tea, the females, one and all, withdrew into the kitchen to “ help wash up,”—a perform- ance that was enacted to the tune of merry laughter, and accomplished in an incredibly short time. A lovely little baby girl tottered into the parlor and signified her wish to be lifted on my knee, to the delight of my boys, with whom she began playing “bo-peep.” The women then came back, and we talked around the fire till a late hour. Outside I could see a light leaping up at the foot of the mountain, and was told that the tele- grapher who accompanied us had tapped the wire and was taking down the news by the warm blaze. Again the anomaly: in this lonely place, in the mountain gorge, to hear read out, as I presently did, the news that would not be pub- lished in the great cities till the next morning, of what had taken place this day in Congress, and the latest European sensation. This operator, a man of approved courage and strength of character, rode on a strong- limbed horse, never far from the President's carriage. He was so quiet and reticent that I did not discover his office, or that he had any, until we were half way on our journey. The light of the telegrapher’s fire drawing ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33_F5_p155.jpg) my attention to the window, I noticed that it, and all the others in the rooms I had seen, were shaded by long curtains of knitted lace. Mrs. Dawes had made them, she confessed with smiling pride. She had had plenty of time; for sister Fan. (the other little wife) had spent last summer with her, and, having been very sick, Fan. grew nervous, and liked her to spend the afternoon and evening sitting quietly by her bedside knitting. “ ‘ Fan.’ did not live there, then ?” “ Oh, no; Fan. had a real nice house in St. George. She and Mr. Dawes had stopped for dinner on their way to a two-day meeting at Rockville, and the telegram came as they were sitting down. So, of course, they stayed to see us, and Fan. and she had been easily able to cook our supper between them.” This was a good-hearted little woman. Baby had evidently inherited her cordiality. My praise of her handiwork quite won her heart; and when I passed Bellevue on my way home, she had prepared a large tidy of the same lace, knitted from cotton grown at St. George, and spun at the Washington Factory near there, which she diffidently presented me with as a souvenir. I often asked Mormon women—whenever, indeed, the question then before Congress was discussed, and that was very often—whether ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33_F5_p156.jpg) they would be satisfied if their present unions were legalized and all future ones prohibited. The telegraphic despatches of the evening having elicited a free conversation on the subject, I asked Mrs. Dawes’s opinion. She was much embarrassed, being of a retiring disposi- tion, and, I suppose, not a little afraid of an anti- polygamist questioner. She said she would rather not be asked. “ Sister Dawes” (the eldest wife, a woman twice as big and twice as old, whom I afterwards met) “ was a very good talker.” (She was, indeed, a wonder in her way.) “But I,” said she, “am very ignorant. And besides,” she added, with a blush that dyed her cheek crimson, and a great effort to speak plainly, “ it is not fair for you to take me as a sample of Mormon women, because I did not join the Church from conviction, but because my family—all my sisters—had embraced the faith, and were about leaving England. So I was baptized, the last thing; and therefore, as for religion, I am not as strong in it as I ought to be. But I have married a polygamist, and have lived with his other wives eight years, and have been very happy. I took the position of Mr. Dawes’s third wife; and I feel I should have no right to complain if he took another. But, then, perhaps, I don’t know, never having tried being married your way. Sister Dwining, at ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33_F5_p157.jpg) St. George, where you are going to-morrow,— if you would ask her. She was married twice in the States before she joined.” At this there was a titter, I think, at the fair ingénue's expense, but perhaps my own ! At prayers that night I was struck by the unusual fervency of the petitions for the Laman- ites (Indians), “that they might see visions and dream dreams that would lead them to embrace the truth.” I presume it was owing to a report two bro- thers from “ Tocquer” brought of the doings of the prophet in the White Pine District. TO ST. GEORGE. Going into Bellevue kitchen in the morning, I surprised President Young aiding our rheu- matic Philadelphia D’Orsay to complete his cos- tume. It was amusing to see John accepting every Civil Right “ these yer Mormons” ad- mitted him to as tributes to his monogamic superiority. Never a word of those profuse apologies which the natural politeness of col- ored people under ordinary circumstances would have prompted, on receiving such a courtesy from a white man seventy years of age, passed his lips. He “ stood severe in youthful beauty,” and let the Mormon pontiff help him dress. We left Bellevue under a cold gray cloud, in ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33_F5_p158.jpg) the shadow of the cliffs that overhung the valley. There was at first a gradual ascent to overcome. When it was surmounted, we found the sun was two hours high, and the view suddenly burst upon us of a vast field of mountain-tops,—a medley of shapes and colors. These were the last of the Wahsatch Range. We were coming down to the Rio Virgin and Great Colorado country, descending successive stages of levels, and changing the geological formation in which we were as we did so. After this, I was to see the supreme wonders of Arizona; but I could never again experience the bewildered admira- tion I felt that day. No one had prepared me for such a scene. The Mormons had kept it back as a surprise for T., who, when he passed up Utah from California, had come by the old Mormon Trail, by way of the Vegas de Sta. Clara, to Cedar City. Far off in the east rose a chain of lofty mountains, their sides striped with party-colored bands, terrace on terrace, to what seemed a great city; its golden buildings crowning the summit. Behind its palaces the white towers of a cathedral appeared. The glowing colors were heightened by the snowy covering of still more distant peaks; some so remote as to be only faintly visible against the iridescent sky. The sun was now shining upon them in full splendor. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33_F5_p159.jpg) We halted to feast our eyes, and a geologi- cally-disposed Mormon approached the carriage window to dbscure our perceptions by explain- ing the spectacle scientifically. “These rocks,” he said, “are considered to be tertiary sedimentary strata; more or less horizontally disposed, with a tendency to cleave or split down vertically—hundreds of feet to a face. The strata uncovered are of different colors, red and rose-pink sandstones, gray and white-pink and tawny-yellow limestones and free-stones, and they are variously stained and striped by beds of ferriferous marl or marlite. They are also of different hardnesses, and weather down with varying degrees of rapidity. Fragmentary pieces of an upper layer of harder rock occasionally furnish water-proof roofs which protect the softer rock immediately beneath them. Elsewhere it wears down, and thus piers are left standing, fanciful pillars and similar resemblances. Hence arises the remarkable variety of pseudo-architectural scenery which regales your vision.” He ended with a concise little bow. I thanked him for his information, and took it down ver- batim in his presence, but would have been better pleased to learn that I had looked at a Fata Morgana that was soon to fade away. There was something saddening in that distant ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33_F5_p160.jpg) view of great courts and domes, empty and silent, with no human history or legend attached to them. We were now, as I have said, over the rim of the basin, and rapidly descending; but still at a great elevation, with many summits to cross before reaching the plain. In all our turnings and windings, we saw from the top of each eminence this great group, “the Navajo Blanket series,” as the children—bored with geology— termed it, still giving the distinctive tone to less marked ranges. The foreground and middle distance were crowded with harsh contrasts to this rainbow beauty; the obliging geology of the region providing us with counterfeits of another style of human architecture, of anything but an urbane character. The ground over which we traveled was dislocated, disturbed on all sides by vol- canic upheaval. “Rocks on rocks confusedly hurled, The remnants of an earlier world.” Sometimes we crawled along the rim of an extinct volcano, the vast hollow of whose crater we had next to cross. Rounded blocks of lava, smooth and shining, strewed the fire-burnt sands, and our carriage was threatened with fracture at every turning of the wheel. Then we would ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33_F5_p161.jpg) begin to climb hills covered with similar blocks as closely as if they had been thrown at a storming- party in some Titanic fight in former days, from the gray fortress frowning at the top. My eyes assured me that the first one I saw was the work of human hands, until we had toiled upwards through the glazed stones for half an hour, and saw the walls assume their full size, and look down upon us as precipitous basaltic cliffs. The younger men of the party had all left the wagons, and hastened to help the horses, sometimes putting their shoulders to the wheel, sometimes blocking it with stones, when the exhausted animals paused for breath. At some turns in the narrow track, five or six would stand on the upper side of the road, and cling to each wagon as it passed, to keep it from toppling over. How frightened I was! My geological friend reassured me, saying that we. were almost at the top of the “ mesa.” The Spanish word was a novelty; and I fancied that it expressed the peculiar coping of the escarpment, until I remembered that it simply meant “ table,” and applied to the level above, which was supported by this fortress-wall. In a few minutes we had penetrated a gap, and were rolling smoothly along the sandy plain. Not all the carriages, however. A halloo from the men at the gap stopped us abruptly, as the ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33_F5_p162.jpg) last vehicle emerged on the summit, canted ludicrously to one side, its white canvas curtains flapping at every jolt like the wings of a great bird in distress. Poor Mrs. Jane’s wagon was the wounded albatross. The jarring of the ascent had proved too much for it. While wheelwright straps and bandages were put on with Mormon ingenuity,—of course, precisely as prescribed by Brigham Young,—we alighted and walked ahead. Efforts were made to point out to me, in the dreamland under the horizon, the snowy peaks called Kolob. “ Kolob” is the Mormons’ “Land of Beulah.” Somewhere, much nearer to us, but hidden by a black ridge, they said, was an isolated hill, known to the Indians as the Sacred Mountain. The Pi-edes tell that God and his saints came down in the days of their forefathers, more than a hundred years ago, and encamped on the summit, whence they descended to converse with men. To the dis- gust of the Mormons, who liked the “ Lamanite” legend, I hinted that this might be an indistinct tradition of the Spanish missions. Heroic Jesuits and Dominicans penetrated much farther north than this, centuries ago. The Sacred Mountain may have been one of their Stations. I have been informed that the names of several of them are recorded in Rome as having undergone martyr- dom in these supernatural lands. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33_F5_p163.jpg) Poor fellows! Dream never constructed, in fevered brain, the image of a more hideous land to die in! After this, anything like well-regulated land- scape was lost in mere sensation. Everything grew red. The rock strata were of red sandstone: this was generally of a bright brick-red. The sands and earths, the result of their decomposi- tion, over which we drove, were either a brick- red, or a shade more trying, which glowed, when seen under the sun’s rays, a true flame-color. Once or twice, when this orange blazed against the black lava-blocks, we had the truly diabolic livery of our Lord Sathanas,— “Blood and fire and vapor of smoke.” We experienced a sense of physical relief when we wound down from the last “ mesa,” and left “ the Red Planet Mars” for our own placid green earth. A black volcanic ledge shut out the last of the terrible grandeurs from us, and we found our- selves among flourishing settlements of human kind, chequered by squares of fields and regu- larly-planted trees. We paused at a pretty little village, Harris- burg, I think, to water the horses at the stream which flowed through vineyards and peach ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33_F5_p164.jpg) orchards. A red mountain stood as a back- ground, with a great arch in it which was con- spicuous for many miles. Here it had been intended that we should dine; but we only watered the horses, and the two or three car- riages that had come up rapidly followed us on. No lunch, and no stopping to feed the teams, and for the first time, no waiting for the slower carriages to keep up with us! I wondered at it, and grew anxious, for sev- eral miles back my boys had begged to ride with Elder Potteau, and his wagon was out of sight. A little farther on we drove up a steep ascent and entered a dark canon. There was a sudden halt—a little bustle. I looked out. By the president’s carriage appeared half a dozen horsemen surrounding one whose horse’s mouth was bloody, and who held a pistol in his hand. His own arms were grasped by two of the other horsemen, and his pale face wore a forced, fixed smile. I saw a man peeping at us from behind the rocks, who stole away un- noticed, and then the riders galloped off with the pale man among them. What did it mean ? I didn’t know then; I don’t know now; I often wonder. But, “ placid earth!” Heigh ho ! Several other mounted men now appeared and cantered along beside our carriages; but ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33_F5_p165.jpg) we had no further adventures. My boys had been detained by another catastrophe to Mrs. Jane’s unlucky wagon ahead of them, and did not reach St. George till late. We now went on more soberly; if there had been any cause for alarm it was over. For some time we had been noticing a change in the flora. At first a general tone of green was remarked; attributed then to the effect of the contrast in color of the rich, red soil; but after- wards not doubted. Sage-bush and grease-wood gave way to cactuses like great shrubs, ilexes, acacias, and myrtles. By the time we reached the fields of Washington Factory, we saw green grass and water-cresses along the irrigating channels there. The carriage windows were let down, and we threw aside one wrapping after another, “ marking how our garments were warm when He quieted the earth by the south wind.” We were now fairly in the delicious climate with which our winter was to be blessed. One more ascent, leaving the gray stone fac- tory behind, with its cottonwoods fringing the dashing torrent, and we began the final descent to St. George, seeing the Rio Virgen sparkle in the distance under the last rays of sunset. Twilight was falling, and the plain below us was in shadow as we came to the end of our journey. Smokes and trees softly intermingled ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33_F5_p166.jpg) in the evening air as we looked down from the bluff upon the little town, and the gay voices of children playing reached us clearly. We de- scended, noticing a factory, a court-house, or town-hall, wide, red, sandy streets, trees with grapevines clinging to them on the sidewalks, pretty rows of small but comfortable-looking houses, each in its own vineyard among fig and peach trees. We stopped before a large house, where lights were already burning in our suite of rooms; and I uttered a cry of delight as I saw on the table the first letters from home! The dear, familiar handwritings were our welcome to Saint George on Christmas eve. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33_F6_I1_p001.jpg) William Wood Esq. Dear Sir: I cannot convey you the copyright of my wifes Book on the Mormons for the reason that the legal title was in yourself ; but as you received it from your daughter without consideration, I considered you to hold it as in trust for her. The Saints wd. have given her Fifteen thousand dollars; for it and part of her journal Twenty thousand ; it may therefore very well be worth something to her some day. So don't let her sacrifice it. Th. L. Kane July 8. 1877. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33_F6_I1_p002.jpg) William Wood Esq. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33_F6_I2_p001.jpg) [Header Column 1] PUBLISHERS OF Lippincott's Magazine, Philadelphia Medical Times, The Sunday Magazine, Good Words, Good Things, The St. Paul's Magazine, Contemporary Review, The Teacher's Record. [Header Column 2] J.B. LIPPINCOTT & CO., Publishers, Booksellers, Importers, and Stationers. 715 AND 717 MARKET STREET. Philadelphia, March 9, 1874 General Mrs. L. Kane, Dear Sir, From the dates furnished by you we estimate that one copy of the volume described would cost about $145.00, or if one hundred copies were printed the outlay would be about $165.00 for the edition in sheets. The volume could then be bound in any style selected, at a cost of from 20 cents per copy upwards. Yours very Truly, J.B. Lippincott & Co. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33_F6_I2_p002.jpg) [Header Column 1] Publishers of Lippincott's Magazine, Philadelphia Medical Times, The Sunday Magazine, Good Words, Good Things, The St. Paul's Magazine, Contemporary Review, The Teacher's Record. [Header Column 2] J.B. LIPPINCOTT & CO., Publishers, Booksellers, Importers, and Stationers, 715 AND 717 MARKET STREET. Philadelphia, April 4 1874 General Kane, Dear Sir, Your turn of the 2d visit has just reached me. In reply I would say that an installment of proof was sent to you on the 1st inst, and another lot last evening. There will be one more installment, completing the volume. Duplicates of all have been mailed to Dr. Shields, and we are under the impression that those sent to you last evening were also duplicated. We will do our best to have a copy ready in the course of ten days, although we find that the volume will be larger than we supposed. Yours very truly, Mr. Lippincott ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33_F6_I2_p003.jpg) M. Oliver Philad 4/16# Care Genl TL Kane Kane Books ready today one goes to New York others to you [-]. Lippincott 10 Collect 75¢ ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33_F6_I2_p004.jpg) Western Union Telegraph Co. WILLIAM ORTON, Pres't. M. Oliver Esq Care Genl. Kane Kane PA No. Charges. 75¢ ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33_F6_I2_p006.jpg) J.B. Lippincott & Co. PUBLISHERS IMPORTERS BOOKSELLERS AND STATIONERS 715 AND 717 MARKET STREET Philadelphia, April 27 1874 Gen. T.L. Kane, Dear Sir, I hereinwhich inclose receipt for your remittance balancing your accounts, for which accept our thanks. I beg to express my appreciation of your kind references to me in our recent correspondence and remain Yours very respectfully Mr. Lippincott ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33_F6_I2_p007.jpg) PUBLISHING DEPARTMENT. Philadelphia, May 28th 1874 J. B. Lippincott, J. B. Mitchell, C. Lippincott, J. Shoemaker, Geo. Wood, R. P. Morton, W. S. Washburn, W. Lippincott. Thomas L. Kane Esq. To J. B. LIPPINCOTT & CO.—Dr. PUBLISHERS, IMPORTERS, BOOKSELLERS, AND STATIONERS, 715 & 717 MARKET STREET. pot. Copyright Certificate Expanse "Twelve Mormon Homes" or Pandemonium 1 30 Canp. Pap. & Ptg. 200 prefatory pages do. 4 " " " 150 Presentation slips do. 85 Binding 98, in cloth 25 24 50 $30 65 Recd. payment. June 2/74 L. B. Lippincutt do. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33_F6_I2_p008.jpg) L. W. Gifford, B.D. Hall. F. M. Cole. OFFICE OF GIFFORD, HALL & CO., DEALERS IN Hardware, Stoves, Tinware, Fire Arms, Lumbermens Supplies. St. Marys, Pa. June 5, 1874 My dear Sir: I will probably be kept away from home for the next three or four days; but can answer you as well in a few words as a thousand. Do just as you like about Bessie's book, or tell her or tell me what you would like her to do; and it shall be duly attended to: but, after say two months. I will be at my wit's end to attend to my business, and I am confident that she will have her hands full; until September. Meanwhile I am only thankful that through your persuasion the copies [Written sideways in left margin] No Drafts Accepted by this Firm [Written sideways in right margin] No Notes Given by this Firm ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33_F6_I2_p009.jpg) printed or published–whichever it was– got binding's on them in time to face the rascally Congress which favours the Poland Bill. You are my Creditor for an apology on the Copy Right. It cut a good deal into my working time when I was East to look after the book matters; and I did so with some haste. Mr. Walter Lippincott of Lippincott & Co. asking me if he should not Copyright it for me: I answered him Yes: with thanks. Mr. Lippin- cotts firm printed (or published) the book and I supposed the Copy Right wd. be entered in their name. The preface I suppose misled him. Sincerely yours Thomas L. Kane ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33_F6_I2_p010.jpg) T. L. K. E. D. W. Her Book ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33_F6_I3_p001.jpg) The Mormon Problem. By far the most important contribution which has yet been made to a proper mentioning of the Mormon question has come to us in a little neatly-printed volume entitled, "Twelve Mormon Homes visited on a Journey Through Utah to Arizona." We have had accounts enough of the Church of the Latter day Saints from travellers, reporters, and book-makers, who could get only superficial impressions and therefore simply amused their readers with the grotesque side of the subject or moralized upon it in hopeless perplexity. But the narrative before us, as its title implies, gives us nothing less than an inside view of the peculiar domestic institution of obtained under the most favorable circumstances, by a Presbyterian lady, Utah travelling with her husband and ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33_F6_I3_p002.jpg) children in the suite of President Brigham Young on one of his official tours through the territory. The whole interior of the Mormon household is disclosed and its different [---], economy, and practical working sketch from life, in a familiar [---] style, with touches of humor and poetic sentiment, where grown questions are not present. Whilst there is no intermation of the scandalous coeed of these deluded people, its results [--] discussed with perfect fairness, good judgment and delicacy, and the repulsion which it excites ever tempered with womanly charity and pity for its helpless victims, the wives and children of poly- gamous marriages, for whom there can be no pleasure which is not simply deplorable. Noble women are bringing us reports ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33_F6_I3_p003.jpg) and appear from foreign missionary fields in behalf of their sisters who are crushed under the yoke of Brigham -ical and Mormonism superstition; but no one hitherto has been brave enough to penetrate behind this revived heathenism within our own borders and furnish us with the means of estimating its strength and weakness and of dealing with it in a practical and Christian spirit. At the present moment especially when the vexed question is before Congress and likely to come before the whole country, then could not have been a more timely disclosure or one better fitted to give a wise direction to public sentiment. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33_F6_I3_p004.jpg) It is with end a moral p[---]m that the letters of this lady have been collected and in printed form by her father, William Wood Esq, a gentleman, well known in orthodox circles who expresses the connection in his [---]actory note, That "any renewal of the persecution to which then unfortunate people have been enriched will only confirm them on their most objectionable practices and opinions and directly tend to augment their members and influence as a seet" Whatever political views may be held upon the Mormon question, it has its moral and religious aspects presented in this narrative, which no Christian observer can ignore who would form an enlightened judgment respecting it. ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33_F6_I3_p005.jpg) The ----- new page (VMSS792_S6_SS4_SSS4_B33_F6_I3_p006.jpg) General Thomas L Kane, Kane M'Kenn County, Penn. [Stamps appear in upper right corner]