[Published on 04/29/20 by Digital Imaging Lab (1142)] It is the responsibility of the researcher to obtain any copyright clearances. Permission to publish material from this/these transcript(s) must be obtained from the Supervisor of Reference Services and/or the L. Tom Perry Special Collection Coordinating Committee. [Notes added by transcribers are in square brackets. Dashes in square brackets indicate unclear words or letters. indicate words the author inserted to a previously written line.] VMSS 792 - Thomas L. Kane newspaper clippings on Mormons (S3_SS14) Number of Pages: 299 ----- new page (VMSS792_S3_SS14_B17A_F10_I1_p001.jpg) THE LATEST NEWS. RECEIVED BY MAGNETIC TELEGRAPH. From Washington. SPECIAL DISPATCHES TO THE N. Y. TRIBUNE. From a Special Correspondent WASHINGTON, Friday, June 25, 1858. Dispatches were received from Gen. Johnston to–day; also letters from civil officers at Fort Bridger. Some of the latter were dated 21st and others the 26th of May. The former speak confi dently of a probable pacification through the in- strumentality of Gov. Cumming’s efforts, who had been six weeks in various parts of the Territory, and had succeeded in satisfying the Mormons that conciliation was practicable without compromising them or the Federal authorities. All Brigham Young asked was a fair trial, but he objected to a Jury from the Camp. Judge Eckles had thwarted Gov. Cumming seriously by his extra-judicial in- tervention, and it was known that others were combined with him for the same object. The last dates present a less promising aspect of affairs, and mainly from the proceedings which Judge Eckles and the United States Marshal had sought to institute, in defiance of the Governor’s policy. It was believed that their efforts were directed toward a collision, as the the most effectual means of subjugation. Brigham Young had assured Gov. Cumming that he was willing to give him- self up if he could have a reasonable chance of justice. The latest letters state that Gov. Cum- ming would go to Salt Lake about the 1st of June, attended by the other civil officers. Mr. Forney, the Indian Agent, was to accompany him, and to open an office there or at Provo. He had suc- ceeded in his negotiations with several tribes of Indians, and reports favorable progress with others. If bloodshed now occurs in Utah it will be mainly owing to the rash measures of those whose first duty it is to preserve peace. Instructions have already been issued here to stop Judge Eckles’s foolhardy course, and additional orders will go by the next mail. ----- new page (VMSS792_S3_SS14_B17A_F10_I2_p001.jpg) WASHINGTON CITY. THURSDAY, JUNE 24, 1858. ----- new page (VMSS792_S3_SS14_B17A_F10_I2_p002.jpg) ?GOVERNOR CUMMING AND HIS MOVEMENTS IN UTAH. By the arrival in this city of Col. Kane we have been able to gain a little more insight into the pecu- liarities of Gov. Cumming’s administration in Utah, or rather into the tone and character of his govern- ment. We have, for instance, the distinct authority of Col. Kane for saying that Gov. Cumming resolved to enter Salt Lake City in the spring without having made any arrangement, through Colonel Kane or otherwise, in reference to his visit. It was Governor Cumming’s intention last winter to have separated himself from the army, and to go to the Mormon cap- ital. Not only, then, does it appear that Gov. C. acted with great energy, but it turns out that in all his addresses to the rebellious people he demanded unconditional submission. He would recognise the Mormons as brothers only on the express ground that they should recognise the laws and constitution of the United States as binding upon them. This bold, fearless language, uttered by a man of a large heart and commanding intellect, won the respect of the Mormons; and hence we have the extraordinary events which have been so liberally reported and published by the return party of Col. Kane. We shall look with profound interest to the devel- opment of affairs in Utah. There is a mystery in that Territory which it will require time to solve. The power that moves a whole community at a sig- nal, is worthy of calm investigation, and its future may well be watched with extraordinary interest. Such a people have a future. This is an important fact to be kept in view—the Mormons have a future. They are encumbered with vices and moral ex- crescences which it will take time to remove, but with the vast field before them in the interior of the continent it is certain they have a future! We regard it as fortunate that one so intelligent, firm, and sagacious as Gov. Cumming is charged with the delicate duty of administering the govern- ment of the Mormon people. ----- new page (VMSS792_S3_SS14_B17A_F10_I3_p001.jpg) ?[Correspondence of the New York Times, 24th.] Colonel Kane and the Nature of his Mission. WASHINGTON, Friday, May 21, 1858. The character of Colonel Kane, who seems to have entirely superseded the Peace Commis- sioners, and to have managed both sides of what- ever negotiations have taken place between the Government and the Mormons, has been in- vested with some mystery by the conflicting re- ports, and the general want of knowledge as to the exact relation which he sustains toward either party. On the one hand, it is said he is secretly a Mormon; on the other, that he is a se- cret agent of the Government; but the Union denies both on dits—the former one especially, with some appearance of indignation. Nevertheless I have information which leads me to doubt that of the Union; at any rate, it is known that he once proselytized for Mormonism, to the extent of making one convert, a son of the late Dr. Rush, of Philadelphia, who went out to Utah, on Kane’s representation, to join the Mormon Church, though he soon became dis- gusted and returned. It is also believed in Salt Lake City that Kane is a Mormon, but the Ad- ministration do not believe it, though they have been assured of the fact by late residents of Salt Lake. It is a matter which may admit of question, but there is too much ground for the supposition to admit of any such very positive denial as that made by the Union. There is nothing alleged against Colonel Kane’s character as a gentleman, but it is still perfectly credible that he may be acting as much in behalf of Brigham Young as of the Gov- ernment, and that the peace movements inaugu- rated by him are designed to suspend the ad- vance of the troops upon Salt Lake City, in order to enable Young to pack up his traps and be off. The idea that he intends to surrender himself and submit to a trial for treason and rebellion is perfectly absurd. It is not to be believed, even if it is directly promised in th[-] dispatches which it is expected Colonel Kan[-] will bring, and which will probably be here o[-] Monday. The impression among persons here informed of Utah affairs, is that, no matter how fair and specious may be the propositions which Brigham may have submitted, they are in- tended solely for delay, to prevent the calling out of volunteers, and to effect the recall of reinforcements ordered to Salt Lake, Unless, therefore, his professions are accompanied by acts which, to the fullest extent, guarantee his sincerity, and cannot be interpreted to be mere blinds, it will certainly be safe for Government to receive everything brought by Colonel Kane with sufficient distrust to save themselves from being caught in a trap. It appears from the circumstance which I briefly telegraphed you, that Brigham Young’s influence with all the Indians is not as potent as supposed; at least, that there has been a more potent influence at work among some of the Bonaks, a tribe of superior bravery and intelli- gence, and a large band of whom, according to letters received by Ex-Surveyor General Burr, have been led toward Salt Lake by Mr. John Powell, a Virginian, formerly a resident in that city, and now residing among the Bonaks. Pow- ell, it seems, last fall came down from the Indian country and purchased in Salt Lake, of Messrs. Gilbert & Gerrish, a large quantity of stores, of which, together with his wagons and cattle, he was robbed by the Mormons on his way back, and in revenge of which he has brought these Indians down with the purpose of making reprisals. A large number of the Mormon cat- tle are herded in a valley about thirty-five miles west of Salt Lake, and it was reported to be Powell’s intention to fall upon and carry off this stock. He is said to be considerable of a dare devil, and, although advice was sent him by his friends to desist from his warlike enter- prise, it is not impossible that he and his Bonaks have already commenced hostilities against the Mormons. [From the Correspondence of the St. Louis Republican.] Murders and Robberies in Kansas—By [---] Commited—The Free-State ----- new page (VMSS792_S3_SS14_B17A_F10_I4_p001.jpg) ?Later from Utah. The New York Times has a long letter dated Camp Scott, near Fort Bridger, May 28th. It contains, how- ever, few new facts It reports the discipline and health of the troops to be excellent, and that Gen. Johnston is an admirable commander and much beloved by the army, who regret that he is to be suspended. We make a few extracts from the letter: The accounts which I sent you from Laramie in rela- tion to the near exhaustion of provisions in this camp were somewhat exaggerated, as I led you to anticipate. The stock of some articles, however, is entirely ex- hausted; but unexpected successes in efforts made to pur- chase supplies of beef cattle in the mountains, have eked out the supplies, so that the 15th of June might be reached without serious distress, and long before that time an abundant new stock will have arrived here under escort of Colonel Hoffman. On our journey hither we passed the latter officer, who had divided his train into three parts, sending on a mule train of thirty wagons of provisions, under command of Captain Lovell, of the 6th Infantry. We passed the latter at Sweet Water Bridge, several days ago, travelling at a rate which will certainly bring him in by Tuesday next, and probably sooner, as an escort has gone from here to meet him, with fresh mules to assist in facilitating his movements. Col. Hoffman is not more than four or five days behind him, with another mule train, and the ox train from Laramie, with the heavier articles, in charge of Captain Stewart, of the 1st Cavalry, may also be expected here by the 15th or 20th of June. We passed the latter on the 22d inst., a day's travel west of Platte Bridge. It is not believed that any danger to these trains is to be apprehended from the Mormons—and friends of the army in the East, therefore, may rest assured that all danger of a camp famine is over. Governor Cumming sent an express in to Brigham Young, on Sunday last, by the hands of one Bevier, an apostate Mormon. What the burden of the despatch was, nobody knows,—but it is well understood that the Governor intends returning to Salt Lake with the Peace Commissioners, taking his wife with him. Some time ago, I understand, the Governor, without revealing anything of his mystery to Judge Eckels, de- sired the latter to go into the city with him. The Judge took a day to consider the matter, and when the Gover- nor called for his answer, assured him that he was all ready to go—much to the Governor’s pleasure and sur- prise. But the Judge proceeded to suggest that he (the Governor) ought to be informed how he was going to, which Mr. C. assented. The Judge then told him that he should call upon Gen. Johnston to go with him, with his whole army, to act as posse comita[-]us, to enable him to arrest Brigham Young and others for treason! This re- velation of purposes satisfied the Governor that, after all, he didn’t want the Judge’s company on his excursion. After the Governor’s return from the city, he addressed an official letter to Gen. Johnston, assuring him of his entire satisfaction that there were now no armed forces in the Territory of Utah, outside the United States Army, except a small force under his (the Governor's) own or- ders. He, therefore, requested the General to remove, for the future, all restraint upon postal, social, or com- mercial intercourse with the people of Salt Lake Valley. The General issued an order accordingly, and all parties are free, therefore, to go or come now as they see fit. It would hardly be safe, however, fora Mormon to visit this camp. Indeed, I am told that Col. Kane was in great danger of personal violence while here, and was only saved by the rigor of the discipline in the camp. A fitting commentary upon the Governor’s assertion that all the military forces of Salt Lake, now under arms, are under his command, is the fact that there are guards. numbering in the aggregate about 700 men, stationed in Echo and Emigration Canons, and on the Weber, to prevent the passage from out the City—of any who are without passes from Brigham Young. Does the Governor mean to say that he has an armed force station- ed for the purpose of imposing such restraints as these upon the movements of American citizens? The se- ceders recently arrived here were detained several days on the Weber, a writing the permission of the com- mander of the guard to proceed. I have only one more important fact to announce, and that is, that up to this time, General Johnston has no orders preventing his march upon Salt Lake as soon as Colonel Hoffman arrives with his supply train and Cap- tain Marcy gets in from New Mexico with the animals he was sent to purchase. The latter will undoubtedly be here by the middle of next week, and unless the Peace Commissioners can show good reason for delay, the army will probably be in motion again by the 15th or 20th June. General Johnston has no doubt that Echo Canon can readily be forced, but no movement will be made without a thorough know- ledge of all the passes into the city, and of the safest method of carrying them. The general be- lief is, that no arrangement can be made with Brigham Young by which he will consent to withhold the incen- diary from the city whenever the army approaches it. The chances are that the army will find the city in ashes, and it remains for the people of the Government of the United States to say whether they will rest content with that consummation, or whether the Mormon traitors shall be pursued until arrested and punished, or driven from our shores; and until every helpless woman who desires it, may be rescued from the living death and cor- ruption of this priestly charnel house. Lieut. Tallmadge. of whose arrest I notified you in a note from Laramie, I believe is exonerated from the charges preferred against him, and General Johnston has sent to Washington, withdrawing the charges preferred against him to the Department. A very length statement from this same correspondent is condensed as follows: The statements of our correspondent, derived from a party of 150 Mormon emigrants, who had left Salt Lake and come to the army for protection, are certainly en- titled to serious consideration. These men reached Camp Scott on the 26th of May, having been permitted by Brigham to leave the city, under the pledge, given by him to Gov. Cumming, that all who desired to go out should do so freely. Among this party were persons who chained to be intimately acquainted with the projects of the Saints. Being them- selves disinclined to obey the order for removal to the ----- new page (VMSS792_S3_SS14_B17A_F10_I4_p002.jpg) Southern settlements, they gladly embraced the oppor- tunity of placing their persons under the protection of the army, content to leave their property behind. Mr. Richard James, a Mormon, who left the Valley with this party. reports that the visit of Governor Cumming, of which we have heard so much, was attended throughout by a system of espionage; that he was surrounded con- tinually by a guard of fanatics, who turned away every person whose communication with him was likely to be detrimental to the interests of the Mormon leaders; and that, although the Governor fancied himself a free man, he was really watched at every step. The Governor was called upon to make a speech in the "Tabernacle," and did so. On the following day Brigham Young occupied the same pulpit, and address- ed his followers in an inflammatory harangue, applying the most opprobrious and disgusting epithets to Gov. Cumming, whom he denounced as "a d—d liar, and a pusillanimous old scoundrel," who would never have come to Utah but for assurances sent by Col. Kane, that his life would be in no danger. Subsequently, Brigham repeated his abjurgations at Provo city, where he made another speech, if possible, still more violent and vulgar; scorning the offer of protection made by Gov. Cumming, declaring that Salt Lake City was the individual property of the Prophet, who had a right to burn it if he pleased, and concluding by ordering his people to remain perfectly quiet in the place where they were, until further direc- tions had been issued. Brigham, on this occasion, added that in sixty days' time, or as soon as Col. Kane could go to Washington and return, he would tell them whether they were to remain in the Valley or not. These statements indicate anything but a spirit of sub- mission on the part of the Mormons, and are much more in keeping with the general reports from that quarter than the recent despatches from Governor Cumming.— Our correspondent writes that General Johnston had re- ceived no orders to prevent his marching on Salt Lake City, and that he intended to do so at the end of six or eight days, unless the Peace Commissioners, who were supposed to be within a day’s march of his camp should have authority to prevent. The belief in the army was, that if the Mormons did retreat, it would be only after burning the city. Address to an Anglo-Saxon Jury. ----- new page (VMSS792_S3_SS14_B17A_F10_I5_p001.jpg) PEACE IN UTAH. The Peace Commissioners, Messrs. POWELL, of Kentucky, and MCCULLOCH, with General JOHNSTON and the American troops, have by this time taken formal possession of Salt Lake City. Governor CUMMING, weeks before, had consummated the great work, under the coun- sels of a citizen of Pennsylvania, Col. THOS. L. KANE. The voluntary act of patriotism of Col. KANE, involving imminent risk of life and of reputation, has effected more than a thousand peace commissioners could have accomplished, strangers as these latter must have been to the prejudices and peculiari- ties of the Mormons. Himself no Mormon, (though falsely so accused by certain Wash- ington and New York journals,) but a fa- vorite with the Mormons, because of his opposition to the persecutions of their ene- mies, years ago, the friendly yet courageous efforts of Colonel KANE have alone pre- vented the effusion of much precious blood, and the expenditure of many more millions of dollars. We say alone, without for a moment desiring to detract from the well-earned de- servings of Gov. CUMMING, who has proved himself to be a most capable and statesman- like Executive, and whose acts, alike ho- norable to himself and the country, reflect great credit upon Mr. BUCHANAN'S administra- tion. But Gov. CUMMING never could have made a peaceful entry into Salt Lake City without the noble offices of our fellow-citizen, who came into the Territo- ry from the other line, and so prepared the way for the results. Governor CUMMING was in the midst of a camp, surrounded by hordes of men eager for a struggle with the Mormons, and approached by few who wanted peace. It is surely no discredit to our gallant troops to say that they did not undergo so long a jour- ney and so many privations, without a wish for distinction. But the country wanted no blood- shed; the President wanted none. Bloodshed for such a cause as that which impelled the Administration to send the army forward, however necessary, would have been an inef- faceable stain upon our escutcheon. All ho- nor to those who averted the catastrophe! The formal entrance into Salt Lake City of the United States troops, the Peace Commis- sioners, and the civil officers of the Territory appointed by the President, having taken place, we may now hope that all efforts to pro- duce a collision between the army and the Mormons are at an end. Governor CUMMING may not be able to induce this extraordinary people, flying at last accounts before the ad- vance of our soldiers, to return and to re-occu- py their homes. It may be for the best that they should seek other scenes, inasmuch as it is clear that they cannot live in contact with those who do not sympathise in their rites, or pros- per under laws administered by any but them- selves. Let us hope, at all events, that what- ever their destiny may be, they will learn to conform to the usages of the civilization among which they may locate. If they con- tinue to fail in this, there is but one road left them; and that is, to seek out some distant island of the sea, where they may test the doubtful experiment upon which they have entered, and worship, in unenvied isolation, their unchristian and revolting creed. FOUR DAYS LATER FROM EUROPE. On Friday evening, the steamship Ariel, passing Cape Race, was boarded by the A. P. News yacht. Her news, telegraphed from St. ----- new page (VMSS792_S3_SS14_B17A_F10_I5_p002.jpg) Met a Mr Allen near Chimney Rock. [edge of article cut off] companied by two others, and taking throug[-] thirty head of cattle and one wagon. Met no I[-] dians on the route, a few lodges only appearing the distance. Weather rainy all the way throug[-] and grass good. Met over a hundred Mormo[-] missionanes sixty miles below Laramie, on the return to their families in Utah, all well and ge[-] ting along finely. No other parties were met un[-] til this side of the Loupe Fork, when, on Sunday the 6th instant, Colonel H. S. Eldridge, with company of about thirty men, were met five mil[-] this side of Beaver, and twelve miles still furthe[-] this way a company of three wagons of Mormo[-] going to locate on the Loupe Fork. The leading Mormons, under Brigham’s i[-] fluence, are anxious for peace. Mr. Richard with his company of six, who left here in Apri[-] had all arrived at Salt Lake City on the 12th ul[-] A portion of the company took the main r[-]ad [-] Camp Scott, when John Wakely and Dr. Clint[-] were arrested on a charge of murder. Wake[-] had his examination, and was held to bail in t[-] sum of $3,000 Dr Clinton was taken as ba[-] alone, and the parties permitted to pass on to Sa[-] Lake City to their families. Crops never looked better than in the valle[-] this year. Provisions and stock were plenty, b[-] merchandise scarce. Brigham had gone sou[-] some sixty miles. The Ute and Snake Indians a[-] very hostile towards the Mormons, and let [-] chance escape to steal horses and plunder. The had stolen from Tooele valley and Springville large number of horses and mules. The friendly Indians say that they are stealing horses for the soldiers, and that the officers have offered them a bounty for each horse or mule stolen, and $150 fo every Mormon scalp or prisoner General John ston denies these charges, yet the Indians asseve[-] rate that it is true Early in the spring the Bana[-] and other northern tribes made a descent upon the settlement at Salmon river, killed several o[-] the settlers and stole all their stock, amounting to[-] near five hundred head, which they took away. The settlers evacuated their homes and returned south of Salt Lake City. The Indians asserted that they had been instigated to such acts of hos- tility by the agents and other officials. The probability is that the Utah war is at an end, that the troops will be withdrawn, and the greater portion of the Mormons return to their possessions and become good loyal subjects, and a better feeling and understanding exist between our Government and the Mormons. It is believed that the present officers sent to Utah are very good men, and the Utonians will have no difficul- ty with them, as has heretofore been the case with the corrupt officials sent out. The men who es- corted the Colonel are a hardy, intelligent, and social set of fellows and look as though they never knew a fear or cared for hardships and toil. They have papers from Gov. Cumming, and intend to return to their friends in Utah in a few weeks. Gen. Johnston had sent special messengers to Washington eight days previous the starting of the Colonel and his company. On the south side of the Platte soldiers and trains occupied the whole line of road. Grass eaten short and roads terribly cut up and muddy. The tribes of Ind[-]ans to the south and west of Salt Lake are all friendly to the peo- ple of Utah. No grasshoppers or crickets had yet appeared Several deserters from Camp Scott ar- rived in Florence yesterday. The army lost over 1,500 mules by cold and starvation through the winter. Colonel Kane speaks highly of the man– ner in which he was received by Brigham Young and the Mormons, and the kindness and hospita– lity of the people there. Colonel Kane is entitled to much credit for the daring perseverance and energy evinced in making this lengthened journey in mid winter; and we congratulate him and the country generally upon the successful result of his mission. Important from New Granada—Acceptation of the Cass-Herran Treaty by the House of Representatives—Probable Concurrence of the Senate. The schooner Sciota, from Carthagena, New Granda, on the 27th ult., which arrived at New York on Thursday last, has brought intelligence of considerable importance from Bogota. By this chance opportunity we have received the following important private letter from Bogota, announcing the acceptation by the New Granadian House of Representatives of the Cass-Herran Con- vention in its original form. It was, moreover, expected that the Senate would yield to the feeling of the House, and to the influence of President Ospina, who has been a warm advocate of the treaty throughout. The letter, to which we refer, is as follows : BOGOTA, Thursday, May 13, 1858. The House of Representatives have accepted, in all its parts, the Cass-Herran Convention; but the Senate have not yet receded from their amend- ments and modifications. In a few days the two houses will meet in joint ballot, and will finally determine the question. You will probably know the result by the next stea[---] [---] ----- new page (VMSS792_S3_SS14_B17A_F10_I6_p001.jpg) WASHINGTON CITY. WEDNESDAY, JUNE 23, 1858. ----- new page (VMSS792_S3_SS14_B17A_F10_I6_p002.jpg) THE RELIGION, POLYGAMY, AND THEOCRACY OF THE MORMONS—RELATIONS OF THE FEDERAL GOVERNMENT TO THOSE SUBJECTS. There is great confusion of ideas on the subject of the Mormon polity in its relations to our federal government and our republican institutions. We all condemn the Mormon system of government and religion, but there is a vague conviction in the pub- lic mind that the toleration of the whole system and the admission of Utah as a State into the Union, at the proper time, under the system, are measures which cannot be resisted consistently with the prin- ciples of toleration and of individual and State rights, which we hold to be cardinal, fundamental and sa cred in this country. The exodus of the Mormons from Utah—of which we are receiving such remarkable accounts, if they be true—will probably remove this curious and difficult question from our deliberations, and leave us to deal with the people and territory of Utah precisely on the same principles as those on which we deal with all other incipient communities of the Union; but, as it is doubtful whether the exodus will be complete, and as it is possible that the population of Utah will continue to be, for the most part, of the Mormon faith, it is well enough, by the aid of a little analysis, to ascertain the precise ques- tions really presented to the rest of the Union by the rise of this anomalous community within our boundaries. The peculiarities which distinguish this Mormon system from our general system of society and gov- ernment in the Union, are their religion, their polyga- mous marriage, and their theocratic form of govern- ment. ----- new page (VMSS792_S3_SS14_B17A_F10_I6_p003.jpg) 1. In regard to their religion, nothing is clearer than their title to perfect immunity and freedom in the exercise of it. That right is so sacred, that not even a local government, whether State or Terri- torial, could interfere in the slightest degree with the freest and fullest exercise of it; much less could, or can, the federal government interfere to control, discountenance, or restrict it, in any manner what- ever. Indeed, this right of free conscience is held so sacred under our polity, that the question whether any government, local or federal, could interfere to prevent the free exercise of the Mormon religion, could not possibly arise as against our federal gov- ernment; but could only arise as against the tyranny of the Mormon rulers themselves in violating this sacred right towards persons not of the Mormon faith resident in the Mormon community. Nothing is clearer than that the federal government has no in- tention or right to interfere with the free exercise of the Mormon religion in Utah or elsewhere. Nothing is clearer than that Congress would have no right to object to the admission of a Mormon State into the confederacy on account of the prevalence of the Mormon religion. If this religion were established by law in the new State, and if other creeds were proscribed by its laws, that fact would raise an objection to its admission into our family of States, on the ground that its government was not republi- can; but such objection would go, not to the Mormon religion or its dogmas, but to the form of civil gov- ernment under which admission was requested. 2. The other peculiarity in the Mormon polity, that of polygamous marriage, presents a very different question to the rest of the Union from that involved in the mere religious creed of the Mormons. There is a vague and loose idea in the public mind that as polygamy is a part of the religion of the Mormons, it is therefore a subject beyond the jurisdiction of municipal law. Nothing could be more erro- neous. In the eye of the law marriage is a civil con- tract, as much within the cognizance and control of the municipal law as any other contract at all. Nothing is held in higher sanctity in the States of our Union than the freedom of conscience and of reli- gion; and in no State is there a law to be found on the statute-book infringing upon the domain of religious belief; yet the statute-books of every State are full of provisions relating to the marriage contract, treat- ng it pre-eminently as a subject of legislative con- rol and regulation. The Mormons have industriously inculcated the belief, it is true, that polygamy is a religious rite above the reach of municipal law; and the public mind has strangely confounded the civil and statute-law relations of m rriage with the dogmas of their religious creed; but the con- fusion of ideas is palpable, and there is no system of laws known to European and western legislation that does not claim the marriage relation as a civil contract, subject to legislative regulation and control. ----- new page (VMSS792_S3_SS14_B17A_F10_I6_p004.jpg) Polygamy, therefore, is no part of the Mormon re- ligion, in the sense of being consecrated by those sa- cred republican tenets which guard and uphold the freedom of conscience, thus removing it from the con- trol of the municipal law. It does not follow from this fact, however, that the federal government, or that the rest of the Union have any right to interfere pos- itively with this local practice (we will not call it institution) of polygamy in Utah. Congress has cre- ated a legislative and territorial government in Utah, and delegated to that government the power of local legislation in that community. It is for that govern- ment to legislate on this subject of marriage and con- cubinage; and it is for the local authorities to deter- mine the legality or illegality of polygamy. It is a subject foreign to the authority and cognizance of the President, and of the army he has sent into that ter- ritory; and is so regarded and will be so treated by both. But it is, nevertheless, a subject within the cognizance of the local government, the local legisla- ture, and the local courts. It cannot be lifted above the reach of the municipal jurisdiction, to the higher realm of religion and conscience, by the Mormon Church. It belongs to the earth, to the law, and to the courts. There is a contingency, indeed, in which it would be the duty of Congress to take cognizance of this system of social life ; and that would be in the event of Utah applying for admission as a Mormon State ----- new page (VMSS792_S3_SS14_B17A_F10_I6_p005.jpg) into the Union with a constitution and laws authoriz- ing polygamy. Here would be an effort to engraft the system of concubinage which has destroyed all morals and prevented the feeblest development of civ- ilization in the Eastern world, upon our western civilization, and, what would be more monstrous still, upon our republican polity. The system of monog- amy is co-extensive with civilization and christianity. The system of polygamy is coextensive with heathen- ism and barbarity. The question is, whether that form of government can be republican which au- thorizes polygamy, and substitutes the Harem for the Family? The Family is the foundation of the Republic. In our polity we have three corner-stone institutions: the Family, the State, and the Confederacy. Without the family, the State cannot be republican; and un- less the government of the State be republican, it cannot under the constitution, it cannot in the na- ture of things, be a member of the confederacy. Should a new State present itself, therefore, for ad- mission into the Union, authorizing a principle so much at war, not merely with republicanism, but with civilization itself, as polygamy; it would not only be competent for Congress, but obligatory upon it, to inquire, whether admission should not be de- nied for the reason that the form of government was not republican? 3. And this brings us to the third peculiarity of the Mormon system—to wit, its theocratic govern- ment. It is probably the duty of Congress to guar- antee a republican form of government to the Ter- ritories of the Union (incipient States) as well as to the matured States; but whether this be so or not, the fact is certain that the Mormon theocracy has crushed out every semblance of popular government in Utah. This is not a subject in which the Presi- dent can of his own motion interfere, or in which he ----- new page (VMSS792_S3_SS14_B17A_F10_I6_p006.jpg) can possibly have any inention to interfere. But whatever may be done or left undone in this regard, previously to the application of Utah for admission into the Union; yet, in case she shall apply for admission as a Mormon State, with her present theocratic sys- tem of government still dominant, Congress would have to determine whether her government be repub- lican in regard to this feature, no less than we have seen it would have to do in regard to the practice of polygamy. On this most interesting subject, Doctor Lieber, our profoundest writer on political science and cas- uistry, made these pertinent remarks six or eight years ago. Speaking of the liberty of conscience, he said: "As to that unhappy and most remarkable sect called the Mormons, who have sprung up and consolidated themselves within our country, and who doubtless may become troublesome when sufficiently numerous to call on us for admission into the Union, I take it that the po- litical trouble they may give cannot arise from religious grounds, whether they have fallen back into Buddhism, making their god a perfectible being, with parts and lo- cal dwelling—cannot become a direct political question, however it may indirectly affect society in all its parts. The potent question which will afford great difficulty will be, whether a Mormon State, with its 'theo-demo- cratic' government, as they term it, can be called a re- public, in the sense in which our constitution guaranties it to every member of the Union. It will then, proba- bly for the first time in history, become necessary legally to define what a republic is. The other difficulty will arise out of the question which every honest man will put to himself, can we admit as a State a society of men who deny the very first principle, not of our com- mon law, but of our whole western civilization, as con- tradistinguished to oriental life—of that whole civiliza- tion in which we have our being, and which is the pre- cious first product of Christianity and integrity—who de- ny monogamy." It is altogether unnecessary to lay down, in this connection, any nice definition of what republican government is, in the meaning of the federal consti- tution. It is enough to say that it is popular govern- ment, the government of all the citizens of the State, as distinguished from an aristocracy, an oligarchy, a monarchy, a despotism, a hierarchy, or a theocracy. The Mormon government is undeniably of one or an- other of the latter class; it is not republican in form; and does not conform, either in spirit, in form, or in fact, to the requirements of the constitution in this re- gard ----- new page (VMSS792_S3_SS14_B17A_F10_I7_p001.jpg) THE MORMONS—THE ARMY—THE TREASURY— THE POLICY OF THE GOVERNMENT.—Notwith- standing all the conflicting reports of peace and war from the Mormons, we now think that these facts are established:— 1. That Brigham Young has surrendered his office of Governor into the hands of the new Governor appointed by the President. 2. That the new Governor has accordingly entered upon his official duties as the Governor of Utah Territory, and that all the Mormon offi- cials and people of Salt Lake City had formally acknowledged his authority. 3. That instead of any signs of a guerrilla warfare from the Mormon war party, the whole Mormon community, from all their northern settlements, were moving en masse, with all their moveables, southward, en route, in all probabili- ty, for Sonora. 4. That instead of finding any warlike re- sources or preparations among the Mormons, Gov. Cumming found them remarkably deficient in warlike means and munitions, and entirely incompetent to resist the approach into, and occupation of, Salt Lake City, by even a small body of regular troops. 5. That many of the Mormons are very poor, and even destitute, and that a detachment of nearly two hundred of them, in a state of almost absolute nakedness, had fled for shelter and bread to the camp of General Johnston at Fort Bridger. All these, we believe, are well authenticated facts, and from them we arrive at these conclu- sions:—1st. That the command of General John- ston, of two thousand men, is henceforth suffi- cient for all the purposes of the government in Utah, peace or war. 2d. That the reinforce- ments recently set in motion under General Harney should be recalled. 3d. That the pro- vision trains en route for Utah not needed for the return march of Harney's additional troops should be sent on to Johnston's camp for the subsistence of his force, and for distribution among such destitute Mormons as may have been and may be driven by starvation to the shelter of his camp and the full renunciation of Mormondom. By pursuing this policy we conjecture that several millions of money would be saved to the treasury, the expenditure of which would otherwise be required in the equipment of an immense caravan of provision and clothing wagons next spring, for an army of four or five thousand men a thousand miles from the fron- tiers of Missouri. The army which marches out to Utah under General Harney cannot return till next season; nor can it then return till sup- plied with provisions from the east; nor can a provision train march to his relief till next spring. His column of three thousand men, more or less, will not be wanted in Utah. All that will be needed by an army force there can be accomplished by Johnston's command—yes, by one-half the troops now under that able officer. We repeat, then, that the best course of the government would be the recall of the additional army detachments on the march to Johnston's camp. They can be reached in time to bring them back this season, and thus several millions will be saved to the trea- sury. The trailing of a barrel of flour a thousand miles over those desert plains and through the inhospitable mountain passes to Salt Lake City, will increase the government cost of the article from five dollars at Leavenworth to one hun- dred dollars at Salt Lake—other things in pro- ----- new page (VMSS792_S3_SS14_B17A_F10_I7_p002.jpg) portion. We could subsist five thousand men at the Cape of Good Hope, with provisions from New York, at less than one-half the expense which their feeding will incur at Salt Lake City. And the three thousand, more or less, superflu- ous troops under Gen. Harney, can be subsisted at Leavenworth, and at other points equally ac- cessible to provisions, at one twentieth part of the expense of their subsistence in Utah. The administration has done well and pro- perly in providing a sufficient army force to vindicate the laws in Utah against all possible contingencies; but now, as these preparations ----- new page (VMSS792_S3_SS14_B17A_F10_I7_p003.jpg) have frightened the Mormons so that there is nothing to fear from them in the way of resis- tance, and as they are really incapable of making any resistance, the government should act in direct regard to the straitened condi- tion of the treasury. We think that in the in- terval to next June the recall of the army reinforcements on the plains would be a saving to Mr. Cobb of at least three, and perhaps five, millions of dollars. We submit the matter to the consideration of the President and his Cabinet ; but not without our misgivings that they will have anticipated our suggestions in a Cabinet council or two upon the subject. We have full faith in the prudence and discretion of Mr. Buchanan. Progress of Puritanism. ----- new page (VMSS792_S3_SS14_B17A_F11_I1_p001.jpg) THE WASHINGTON UNION ----- new page (VMSS792_S3_SS14_B17A_F11_I1_p002.jpg) LATEST NEWS FROM UTAH. [Special Correspondence of the Union.] CAMP SCOTT, (near Bridger's Fort, U. T.,) May 29, 1858. The mail reached here yesterday, (28th,) being the first weekly mail received under the new contract with Hock- ley, Burr & Co. Two expresses also came in from Fort Laramie, one bringing dates later than heretofore received. By it we received the President's proclamation in regard to Utah traitors, also the orders sending Generals Smith and Har- ney and others to this Territory. The commissioners, Gov. Powell and Major McCulloch, are below, and are looked for with confidence to-morrow; also Capt. Lovell, 6th infantry, with the advanced de- tachment of Col. Hoffman's command. We have had but very short rations to subsist upon for several days; in fact, all would have been exhausted had it not been for the opportune arrival of Lieut. Armstrong, 2d dragoons, two days since with seventy head of oxen. Col. Hoffman will arrive with his large train of 200 mule and 100 ox wagons in about seven days. I feel assured that as soon as he comes up Gen. Johnston will push forward with his command unless orders are received in the mean time to await the action of the commissioners. No information has of late been received of the whereabouts of Captain Marcy. I almost forgot to say that Mr. Simonton, of the New York Times, and Mr. Brown, of the New York Tribune, came up in the mail coaches. I saw Mr. S. for a mo- ment yesterday. He is violently opposed to the admin- istration, and thinks Mr. Buchanan's proclamation the crowning act. I presume he thinks he is safe here, as we have no House of Representatives in Utah. Brown came out here last winter a black-republican of the Gree- ley order. He returned to Washington with despatches as a democrat. I am not advised of his political affini- ties at present. The Herald also has a regular corres- pondent here. So trim your pen, as you may expect to catch "Jessie" soon. Gov. Cumming and Dr. Forney go to Salt Lake on Tues- day next to assume the duties of their offices. About one hundred and fifty Mormons have come in from Salt Lake on their way to the States. Others, it is said, de- sire to come, but are prevented by Brigham, from the fact of owing him or the "tithing office" a bushel of wheat or a sack of corn, and not possessing the where- with to pay it—and all this for their religion. On the 26th we had a brigade review. Gen. Johnston and staff made a fine display. All the force was out ex- cept the dragoons. After the first we are to have a brig- ade drill. In a letter I wrote you some time ago I alluded to the departure for Bear river and "Cache" valley, headed by Marshall Dotson, of a party of 15 or 20 from the Camp. When the governor returned here from Salt Lake he made minute inquiries in regard to the objects of their journey. Two of the gentlemen, W. J. McConnell, whom the governor had appointed acting-secretary of the Territory during the absence of Mr. Hartnett, and Mr. Burr, who had been appointed a justice of the peace for this county, have resigned. It is rumored the governor requested them to do so, not being satisfied of the pro- priety of their mission. To us, here at this distance from court, we can hardly see how Judge Echols can be sustained with his charge to the grand jury, which I sent you, staring him in the face; for, if I can understand the President's instructions, they are not to interfere with the religion of the Mor- mons. Yet on the very day Gov. Cumming left for Salt Lake to endeavor to arrive at a peaceful adjustment of the difficulties, the Judge made his extraordinary charge, and by that very charge so excited the Mormons as to place the life of the governor in jeopardy. General Johnston has information that one regiment is to be sent here by way of Bridger's pass on the new route surveyed last year by Lieut. Bryan, T. E. About one hundred miles will be saved. B. ----- new page (VMSS792_S3_SS14_B17A_F11_I1_p003.jpg) [From the St. Louis Republican, June 18th.] The Mormons, it will be observed, have stopped in their flight at Provo, one of the strongest of their settle- ments, about forty miles from Salt Lake City. There, it is believed, will be a resting-place for the most of them. It is a question in well-informed quarters in the Territo- ry, whether it will not be better for the peace of the Uni- ted States to stop them where a restraining authority can be exercised over them than to drive them into Sonora, where they will soon be the ruling power in the State, and where, there is little risk in saying they will soon establish an independent republic? In that position, with ----- new page (VMSS792_S3_SS14_B17A_F11_I1_p004.jpg) imbittered feelings against the United States, nothing will be easier than for them to give us a vast deal of trouble. If, as is generally conceded, we must have pos- session of Sonora, they will be a stumbling-block in the way, and they will make us pay dearly for it. They must be made to obey the authorities of the United States in Utah, or they must be forced to take up a resi- dence in some other direction. A strong military rule will soon convince them of the folly of their opposition to the government, and it will not be long before a sepa- ration takes place between Young and the mass of his followers. We should be sorry to see them take up their residence in Sonora. ----- new page (VMSS792_S3_SS14_B17A_F11_I1_p005.jpg) JUDGE ECHOL’S CHARGE TO THE GRAND JURY. We cannot conceal from ourselves the knowledge of the fact that certain domestic arrangements exist in this Territory at war with those which pertain to all other Christian communities, and destructive of the peace and good order of society. Polygamy exists in Utah to a very considerable extent, while it is forbidden by every other State and Territory of the Union. It is not for you to inquire where this institution had its origin, or when or what were the consequences resulting from it. It is our duty to inquire whether it is authorized by law, and if not, by what statute, if any, it is punishable. It is understood that the United States acquired all of this territory that is inhabited by treaty from Mexico. As the law of Mexico stood at the time of the treaty, polygamy was prohibited in this country. The municipal law in this respect was not changed by its cession to the United States. Has it, then, been altered since we ac- quired it? After the most diligent search and inquiry I have been enabled to make, I have found none, and presume the law is therefore, unchanged; and hence all marriages after the first, whilst it remains in full force, are illegal and void. Is there any law in force in this Territory under which this practice is punishable? I find no statute punishing polygamy, but there is one, how- ever, for the punishment of adultery, and all illegal in- tercourse between the sexes, if either of the parties have a husband or wife living at the time, is adulterous and punishable by indictment. The punishment prescribed by this statute is imprisonment for a period of not less than three nor more than twenty years, or by fine not less than three hundred nor more than one thousand dollars, or both by fine and imprisonment, at the discre- tion of the jury trying the cause. No consequences in which a large proportion of this people may be involved, in consequence of their criminal practice, will deter you from a fearless discharge of your duty. It is yours to find the facts, and to return indict- ments, without fear, favor, affection, reward, or any hope thereof. The law was made to punish the lawless and disobedient, and society is entitled to the salutary effects of its execution. ARRIVAL OF THE SALT LAKE MAIL IN SIXTEEN DAYS. [From the St. Joseph’s (Mo.) Journal, June 14th.] The Salt Lake mail arrived in this city yesterday about noon. We are indebted to the conductor, Mr. James E. Bromley, for the following particulars : The mail left Camp Scott on the 29th of May. Gov. Cumming had been escorted into Salt Lake City by the Mormons, kindly treated, and then escorted back to General Johnston’s command. He was at Camp Scott at the time the mail left. The Mormons were moving their women and children out of the city to Pravo, about forty- five miles south, in the valley. The Mormons said they would surrender to the civil officers, but the troops should not enter. Seventy families of Mormons had arrived at Camp Scott, asking protection. General Johnston re- ceived them kindly, and promised them an escort into the States. General Johnston’s command had only two days’ rations in camp when the mail left. The men had been living on eight ounces of flour and one-half pound of beef per day for two weeks past. They had suffered greatly through the winter both for food and raiment. General Johnston intended entering Salt Lake City as soon as Colonel Hoffman arrived, leaving enough men to garrison Fort Bridger. Coming in, the party met Cap- tain Haws, of the 2d dragoons, with 250 head of beef cattle, at Ham’s fork, only fifteen miles this side of Camp Scott; met Lieutenant Smith, 2d dragoons, on Green river, fifty miles this side, travelling at the rate of forty-eight miles per day; and seventy-five miles further on, at the east crossing of Big Sandy, met Colonel Hoff- man’s command with full supplies; met Colonel An- drews, of the 6th infantry, at the crossing of South Platte; Colonel Sumner, of the 1st cavalry, at Oak Grove, on the Little Blue; Colonel May at Big Blue, and the last troops, 2d dragoons, at Nemaha. Mr. Bromley, the conductor, reports the road in an aw- ful condition. Several of the streams were scarcely ford- able. Grass good. A passenger came in from Fort La- ramie. The only Indians heard of on the route was a war party of forty-five Arrapahoes, on the Little Blue. The mail party passed there in the night, and consequently did not see the Indians. Mr. Bromley reports that he met Col. Kane and party coming on as he passed out with the mail, 260 miles this side of Camp Scott. He went on to Camp Scott, remained the whole of one day, and then returned, arriving only one day behind Col. Kane, not- withstanding he had to lay by a day and travelled 520 miles further. Mr. Bromley, coming in, some days trav- elled as far as 85 miles, and averaged over sixty-five miles the whole trip. Having come through from Fort Bridger to this city in precisely 16 days, which is the quickest trip on record, he is justly entitled to the reputation of being the Aubrey of the present day. ----- new page (VMSS792_S3_SS14_B17A_F11_I2_p001.jpg) WASHINGTON CITY. TUESDAY, JUNE 22, 1858. ----- new page (VMSS792_S3_SS14_B17A_F11_I2_p002.jpg) THE ARMY, COURTS, AND POLYGAMY IN UTAH. The United States found it impossible to execute the laws in Utah, and hence, in order to main- tain the integrity of the federal government, des- patched last year a considerable military force as an aid to the civil authorities. We knew and re- gretted the existence of polygamy, that the plurality- wife system prevailed at least amongst the Mormon priesthood. We believe polygamy to be a frightful social evil, and we wonder exceedingly that it could be established anywhere on this continent, under the predominant control of the American mind. It exists, however, in Utah, undeniably. But we did not send the army to Utah even to beat down polygamy. We have an abiding faith that it can be done otherwise, and that, in any pos- sible contingency, to use force to improve the moral condition of a distant people like the Mormons would simply be to set the army to the discharge of a duty which they are not well qualified to perform. We are not yet advanced far enough into the intensity of civilization to enter upon the work of religious cru- sades. What we want, and what we will have at any cost, is general obedience to the constitution and laws of the United States. When our good mission- ary people shall see a fit time and place to enter Mormondom with the vital principles of the Chris- tian religion for the purpose of overthrowing poly- gamy, they shall have our humble support. ----- new page (VMSS792_S3_SS14_B17A_F11_I2_p003.jpg) We are led to these remarks by reading the charge of Judge Echols to the Grand Jury of Utah, which will be found in another column. This is an inter- esting chapter with which the new force introduces itself to the Mormon people. We are no friends of the plurality-wife system; but we deny that we have or may exercise any rightful power over the sub- ject. The whole system of Mormon religion belongs exclusively to the people of Utah. If we may not look to them for the needful correction, we may surely rely upon the energy and moral force of the American people to apply appropriate remedies. We have no faith or confidence in mere crusades. We have had enough of that kind of moral disin- fectant in the history of modern temperance and an- ti-slavery reforms. It is far better to suffer under the operations of a disease than to seek its removal by violent and unauthorized means. Blood-letting even is quite out of fashion; there are a thousand ----- new page (VMSS792_S3_SS14_B17A_F11_I2_p004.jpg) remedies by which that fluid of the body can be re- tained and purified. Polygamy is exotic, and it never can be thoroughly acclimated on this continent. It cannot survive for any considerable time a pure moral atmosphere such as belongs to our system of free inquiry and judgment. We have a small army—a mere citizen-soldiery— officered by gentlemen of great intelligence, probi- ty, patriotism, and high character. We have the fullest confidence in the army. On the face of the earth there is no body of men of like numbers and profession who combine as much in- telligence, integrity, and high-toned character as the officers of the United States army. Their duties are severe and often involve great responsibilities, which they never fail to discharge with the utmost good judgment, energy, and skill. We would trust the army in Utah, or anywhere else on our extended lines, always confident of their blameless conduct, and that they will discharge every duty assigned them with a scrupulous regard to the character of our free institutions. FROM UTAH. We subjoin a short letter from Gov. Cumming on the subject of affairs in Utah. It is evident to us that Gov. Cumming is exercising in Utah great good judgment; and we have great hope that he will be able to solve that extraordinary problem in American policy. Gov. Cumming informs us that the route to Cali- fornia is now open. EXECUTIVE OFFICE, GREAT SALT LAKE CITY, (U. T.,) May 12, 1858. SIR : I have returned from the south, after having seen and conversed with large numbers of the Mormons who are journeying in that direction. I have reasons to hope that my intercourse with these persons has contrib- uted to allay fears on their part which are perhaps unrea- sonable. I regret to have been an eye-witness, however, to scenes of great trial and suffering. I have the gratification of authorizing you to announce that the road is now open between Missouri and Califor- nia, and that emigrants and others, adopting the usual precautions for their safety against Indians, may pass through Utah Territory without hindrance or molestation. Parties will do well, however, to report themselves at Bridger, where any information which I may be possessed of, of importance for their guidance, will be communica- ted to them. I am, sir, very respectfully, your obedient servant, A. CUMMING, Governor of Utah. Hon. LEWIS CASS, Secretary of State. NEWS BY TELEGR[---] ----- new page (VMSS792_S3_SS14_B17A_F11_I3_p001.jpg) New-York Daily Tribune MONDAY, JUNE 21, 1858. The Tribune for California ----- new page (VMSS792_S3_SS14_B17A_F11_I3_p002.jpg) who has held back heretofore and restrained any hostile demonstration, will now be impelled forward. Private but authentic advices accompanying Gen. Johnston’s dispatches from Utah, state that the submission of the Mormons was sullen and un- satisfactory, and notwithstanding all their profes- sions, they still held actual military possession of all the passes. WASHINGTON, June 20, 1858. Col. Kane arrived here last night with dis- patches from Gov. Cumming, and delivered them to the President. He brings little additional news beyond what is published. Gov. Cumming ascribes pacification mainly to Col. Kane’s efforts, and Col. Kane’s object in com- ing here is mostly to have the Government sustain the Governor unqualifiedly, as the best means of insuring his authority in Utah. It is probable, therefore, that when the dispatches are published, Gov. Cumming will be indorsed fully. The destination of the Mormons is not positively known, though the impression appears still to be that it is Sonora. There is yet a possibility that Col. Kane may re- turn, if policy here be directed wisely. His most effectual argument for bringing about the submis- sion of the Mormons was to convince Young and others of the folly of resisting the Government, and that war must end in the destruction of their re- ligious system. The second-class leaders were un- favorably disposed to him, and endeavored to excite prejudice, which was suppressed by Young. The Report of Malmsbury's explanation on the ----- new page (VMSS792_S3_SS14_B17A_F11_I4_p001.jpg) ?The Albany Atlas inquires what we would have had the President do with regard to the Government of Utah. We would have had him appoint and send out his officers without an army, demanding and expecting obedience to the laws. The army of Gen. Johnston was the only obstacle to the peacea- ble entry of Gov. Cumming into Utah eight months ago. Had Col. Kane—a Pennsylvania Democrat and personal friend of Mr. Buchanan, who is es- teemed and confided in by the Mormons—been sent out, as Governor or otherwise, last Summer, in- stead of Gen. Johnston and his army, we believe all would have been attained that has been, while several Millions of Dollars would have been saved to the Treasury. There may be a question as to the efficacy of purely peaceful agencies in bringing the Mormons to reason, but there can be none as to the propriety of trying these first and postponing a resort to arms to the last. CHARLES DICKENS has ----- new page (VMSS792_S3_SS14_B17A_F11_I5_p001.jpg) WASHINGTON CITY. SUNDAY, JUNE 20, 1858. ----- new page (VMSS792_S3_SS14_B17A_F11_I5_p002.jpg) expect to make a speedy convert of Mr. Marshall to the doctrine, on the very grounds he has ignorantly urged, in the spirit of objection, in the foregoing para- graphs. NEWS FROM UTAH. The news which was brought across the Plains by Col. Kane and his party, presented in another column, does not essentially vary from that which we have been re- ceiving ever since Gov. Cumming entered the Great Valley. The most remarkable feature of all the stirring events of the Mormon expedition and the Mormon race is to be seen in the fact that thirty-five thousand people are on the road at one time as pilgrims from their Holy Land to the wilderness of the savages to the south. Out of a population so small to be able at a moment’s notice to move a number so great is a commentary upon the al- leged restlessness of the Mormons under the government of Young which needs no enlargement. The Mormons are going south! Governor Cumming, moved no doubt by motives of humanity, tried hard to stop their journey- ings, but he could not do so. Not even peace, and the assurance which his active efforts to arrest their exodus gave them of his benevolence and kindness, could check their movement to the south. What does all this mean? What mysterious principle in our complicated nature does it for the first time disclose? If the Mormons had become dissatisfied with their Great Valley, it did not need a war with us, which they pro- voked, to move them to more congenial lands. But we leave the reader to digest the Utah problem as best he can. A CORRECTION. ----- new page (VMSS792_S3_SS14_B17A_F11_I6_p001.jpg) confirmatory of the [---] to the Atlantic cable experiments, and th[--] movements of the telegraph fleet. A board of engineers have been ordered to con- vene at the New York navy-yard on the 5th of July next, for the examination of the credentials for the promotion and admission into the engineer corps of the navy. At the recent session of the U. S. Senate, Gen. Harney was confirmed as Brigadier General. Al- so, Philip St. George Cook, as Colonel; Marshal S. Howe, as Lieutenant Colonel; and L. P. Gra- ham, as Major of the Second Dragoons. Major Mordecai, Captain Rodman, and Major [---] been appointed an ordnance board, [---] Point on the 12th of July, to test [---]carbines of the best model [---]ich $25,000 have been ap- [----] until the 26th in [---] ----- new page (VMSS792_S3_SS14_B17A_F11_I6_p002.jpg) WASHINGTON, June 21.—Sufficient intelligence has been received to leave no doubt that Captain Marcy’s train has reached Camp Scott in safety. It was the intention of Governor Cumming, when last heard from, to at once open a trade with the valley. Many of the Mormons were understood to own more cattle than they were desirous to carry away, and of which they were anxious to dispose. The safety and general welfare of the troops at Camp Scott and elsewhere between that post and the United States may be reckoned upon with con- fidence. The Mormon troops have been entirely with- drawn from the approaches to Salt Lake, though the people threatened to return if the army ad- vanced before they reaped and carried off the wheat harvest. Departure of General Harney. ----- new page (VMSS792_S3_SS14_B17A_F11_I7_p001.jpg) New York, Sunday, June 20, 1858. ----- new page (VMSS792_S3_SS14_B17A_F11_I7_p002.jpg) NEW YORK HERALD. JAMES GORDON BENNETT. EDITOR AND PROPRIETOR. OFFICE N. W. CORNER OF [---] ----- new page (VMSS792_S3_SS14_B17A_F11_I7_p003.jpg) out for the dimes as their satanic opponents. It is a sad state of things; but Satan really seems to have the best of the matter in this in- stance. COL. KANE AND THE MORMONS.—One of our morning cotemporaries gives all the credit of the pacification of the Mormons to Col. Kane, the volunteer Peace Ambassador to Brigham Young; and in this connection the hardships, privations, sufferings and dangers passed through by the intrepid Colonel are recited in very glowing colors. But the pacification of the Mormons is simply due to the army movements towards the Great Salt Lake set in motion by Mr. Buchanan. The advance of a new corps of executive and judicial Territorial officers, under the escort of an army force of several thousand men, with another thousand or two to bring up the rear, taken all together, formed an argu- ment in favor of peace to Brigham, the Prophet, as strong as the most convincing revelation. In fact, he never had received a more infallible revelation from any quarter; and hence his quiet surrender of the keys of Territorial authority. That is all there is about it; and had Col. Kane's mission been a mission to the Mormons in behalf of war instead of peace, the result would have been the same. THE CUSTOM HOUSE AND ITS EMPLOYES ----- new page (VMSS792_S3_SS14_B17A_F12_I1_p001.jpg) To the Associated Press. WASHINGTON, June 20, 1858. Col. Kane arrived here last night, bringing dispatches from Gov. Cumming, whom he left at Camp Scott on the 16th May. They were delivered to the President of the United States. Their purport has not yet officially transpired, but it is ascertained that many of the accounts with which the public mind has been pre- occupied are erroneous, and calculated to deceive the country in respect to Utah matters generally. To this fact may be attributed the uncourteous refusal of Col. Kane to communicate with the press. It is under- stood that Col. Kane denies the truth of the telegraphic announcement from Boonville, intimating that the army would move on the arrival of the Peace Com- missioners, when in fact Gov. Cumming has requested it to remain where it is until orders shall be received from Washington. Contrary to the reports widely circulated, Col. Kane does not admit that there has been any such want of harmony between Gov. Cumming and Gen. Johnston as would jeopard the public interests. He speaks in eulogistic terms of Gen. Johnston, and the high state of discipline in which the latter maintained his forces, and of the praiseworthy spirit manifested by the army during the Winter. The friends of the Administration are much pleased with the manner in which he is un- derstood to allude to the conduct of Gov. Cumming, saying that he is deserving of the gratitude of the coun- try. There was great hope in Utah, as elsewhere, that the war was at an end. A peace party had been formed, and was sufficiently strong in time to arrest the march of the Mormon forces against our own last Spring. It was the impression in Utah that Brigham Young, who openly espoused the cause of the United States, would in this repect be able to maintain his position. There was at one time strong opposition to him, be- fore emigration was resolved upon, but ever since this feeling of hostility has been subsiding. All the north- ern settlements are evacuated, with the exception of the few Mormons left to guard the public property at Salt Lake City, and beside these there are no Mor- mons for forty miles south of that city. The seventy Mormon families alluded to in a recent dispatch, did not, as was stated, apply to Governor Cumming at Camp Scott for protection. They were brought there by him from Salt Lake City. ----- new page (VMSS792_S3_SS14_B17A_F12_I2_p001.jpg) LATEST BY TELEGRAPH. FROM WASHINGTON. Arrival of Colonel Kane—Governor Cumming's Dispatches. Intended Resignation of Minister Reed— Success of the Colorado Expedition—The Overland California Mall. Special Dispatch to the New-York Times. WASHINGTON, Sunday, June 20. The State Department has received dispatches from Minister REED, announcing his intended resig- nation and return from China. A report has been received by the War Department from Lieutenant IVES, setting forth the entire success of his exploration so far as he has gone. The navi- gation of the Colorado is entirely safe for large steamers. The health of his men is good. The contract with CORPENNING & CO., for the week- ly mail service between St. Joseph vid Salt Like City and Placerville, in California, was signed yesterday at the Department. The price is,as I stated, $293,000 per annum. Q. [FROM THE REPORTER FOR THE ASSOCIATED PRESS.] WASHINGTON, Sunday, June 20. Colonel KANE arrived here last night, bringing dispatches from Governor CUMMING, whom he left at Camp Scott on the 16th of May. They were deliver- ed to the President of the United States. Their pur- port has not officially transpired, but it is ascertained that many of the accounts with which the public mind has been preoccupied are erroneous, and calcu- lated to deceive the country in respect to Utah mat- ters generally. To this fact may be attributed the uncourteous refusal of Colonel KANE to communi- cate with the Press. It is understood that Colonel KANE denies the truth of the telegraphic announcement from Boone- ville, intimating that the army would move on the arrival of the Peace Commissioners, when in fact Governor CUMMING has requested it to remain where it is until orders shall be received from Wash- ington. Contrary to the reports widely circulated, Colonel KANE does not admit that there has been any such want of harmony between Governor CUM- MING and General JOHNSTON as would jeopard the public interests. He speaks in eulogistic terms of General JOHNSTON, and the high state of discipline in which the latter maintained his forces, and of the praiseworthy spirit manifested by the army during the Winter. The friends of the Administration are much pleased with the manner in which he is under- stood to allude to the conduct of Governor CUMMING, saying that he is deserving of the gratitude of the country. There was great hope in Utah, as elsewhere, that the war was at an end. A peace party had been formed, and was sufficiently strong in time to arrest the march of the Mormon forces against our own last Spring. It was the impression in Utah that BRIGHAM YOUNG, who openly espoused the cause of the United States, would, in this respect, be able to maintain his position. There was, at one time, strong opposition to him, before emigration was re- solved upon, but ever since, this feeling of hostility has been subsiding. All the northern settlements are evacuated, with the exception of the few Mormons left to guard the public property at Salt Lake City, and besides these there are no Mormons for forty miles south of that city. The seventy Mormon families alluded to in a recent dispatch did not, as was stated, apply to Governor CUMMING, at Camp Scott, for protection. They were brough there by him from Salt Lake City. Two treaties were yesterday entered into at the Indian Bureau with the Upper and Lower Sioux of Minnesota, the object of which is to confine them to a portion of the large Reservation set apart under the treaty of 1851, to quiet the land titles, and provide them permanent homes, with the usual educational and industrial assistance. Our Washington Correspondence. GALPHIN ----- new page (VMSS792_S3_SS14_B17A_F12_I3_p001.jpg) New-York Daily Tribune. ?SATURDAY, JUNE 19, 1858. The mails for Europe by the steamship North Star, will close this morning at 101/2 o'clock. Col. THOMAS L. KANE arrived at Philadelphia yesterday, after an absence of little more than five months. During this period he has traveled from New-York, by way of San Francisco and San Ber- nardino, to Salt Lake City, in the depth of Winter, in the surprisingly short time, if we are not mis- taken, of forty-seven days. In San Bernardino he was arrested as a Mormon agent and escaped with great danger, losing all the furs he had provided for the tedious journey between that place and the Mormon settlements in Utah. This journey, as we have heard, was attended with much peril; he was repeatedly compelled to conceal himself under the merchandise conveyed by his companions, in order to avoid falling into the hands of outlying parties of Mormons, who would have killed him as a secret agent or spy of the Federal Government. What difficulties he encountered after his arrival at Salt Lake City, or how he finally induced the Mormon leaders to make peace and submit to the Federal authorities, will very probably in due time be communicated to the public. Then came the extraordinary ride from Salt Lake City to the camp of the United States army, where, as our readers will remember, after twenty-six hours con- tinuous exposure to the inclemency of Winter, most if not all the time in the saddle, he arrived in a state of speechless exhaustion. Finally he accompanied Gov. Cumming to Salt Lake City, and saw him in- ducted into his office; and then, his mission of peace accomplished, he came home. The Government having disavowed all connec- tion with Col. Kane's efforts, the credit of making them and of the success with which they have been crowned belongs entirely to him. In our judg- ment they constitute a claim upon the esteem and gratitude of the country which can never be dis- puted. He has avoided the effusion of blood; he has saved the expenditure of millions; he has sub- stituted peace for a war in which glory was impos- sible. A private citizen, he has done what all the power of the Government could not accomplish. Honor to the patriot and the peacemaker! ----- new page (VMSS792_S3_SS14_B17A_F12_I4_p001.jpg) INTERESTING FROM UTAH. Arrival of Colonel Kane in Washington. DESPATCHES FROM GOVERNOR CUMMING—THE ARMY TO REMAIN AT CAMP SCOTT—THE MORMON EXO– DUS—CONDITION OF THE ARMY, ETC. WASHINGTON, June 20, 1858. Col. Kane arrived here last night, bringing despatches from Governor Cumming, whom he left at Camp Scott on the 16th of May. They were delivered to the President of the United States. Their purport has not officially transpired, but it is ascertained that many of the accounts with which the public mind has been pre occupied are erroneous, and calculated to deceive the country in re- spect to Utah matters generally. To this fact may be attributed the uncourteous refusal of Col. Kane to com municate with the press. It is understood that Col. Kane denies the truth of the telegraphic announcement from Booneville, intimating that the army would move on the arrival of the Peace Commissioners, when, in fact, Gov. Cumming has re- quested it to remain where it is until orders shall be re ceived from Washington. Contrary to the reports widely circulated, Col. Kane does not admit that there has been any such want of har mony between Governor Cumming and General John- ston as would jeopard the public interests. He speaks in eulogistic terms of General Johnston, and the high state of discipline in which the latter maintained his forces, and of the praiseworthy spirit manifested by the army during the winter. The friends of the administration are much pleased with the manner in which he is understood to allude to the conduct of Governor Cumming, saying that he is de- serving of the gratitude of the country. There was great hope in Utah, as elsewhere, that the war was at an end. A peace party had been formed, and was sufficiently strong in time to arrest the march of the Mormon forces against our own last spring. It was the impression in Utah that Brigham Young, who openly espoused the cause of the United States, would in this respect be able to maintain his position. There was at one time strong opposition to him, before emigration was resolved upon, but ever since this feeling of hostility has been subsiding. All the Northern settlements are evacuated, with the exception of the few Mormons left to guard the public property of Salt Lake City; and besides these there are no Mormons for forty miles south of that city. The seventy Mormon families alluded to in a recent des- patch, did not, as was stated, apply to Gov. Cumming at Camp Scott for protection. They were brought there by him from Salt Lake City. The Utah Commissioners—Route to Utah— From Fort Laramie to Camp Scott—Col. Hoffman's Expedition—Relief of General Johnston’s Army—The Utah Commissioners Within Fifteen Miles of Camp Scott. SPECIAL CORRESPONDENCE OF THE HERALD. EN ROUTE FOR UTAH, May 19,1858. I sent you letters yesterday from Fort Laramie, giving full particulars of occurrences up to that time. The snow storm, which began yesterday morning, ceased in the forenoon. The Utah Commissioners changed two or three of their mules at Fort Laramie for better ones, left one of the horses, which seemed unable to stand the journey, and took a riding mule in its stead, got those of their ani- mals which required it reshod, exchanged one of their ambulances, and got a supply of corn and twenty days’ rations for fifteen men. It occupied until near 3 P. M. to complete these arrangements; then, turning our mules’ heads towards the west, we started over the almost barren sand hills which surround Fort Laramie. Hockerday’s mule followed in our rear. The road was heavy, constantly ascending and descending bleak, dreary bluffs. There was good grass in the nar- row valley of the Platte river and abundance of wild cac- tus on the hills, with here and there stinted trees on the borders of ravines. Heavy clouds were seen rolling be- neath the snow-crowned summit of Laramie peak nearly one hundred miles distant, but the scenery, as a whole, was rough, bleak, barren, dreary and desolate, present- ing little of the sublime and less of the beautiful. We made slow progress and encamped some time before sun down, ten miles west of Laramie. MAY 19.—This morning was clear, cold and pleasant. We were yoked up and on the road at half-past four A. M. The sharp wind blowing fresh from the Rocky Mountains made the ears of those who were riding tingle, while it braced and nerved those who were walking, giving them a keen appetite for breakfast, which latter advantage was not duly appreciated, for one’s appetite is always sharp on the Plains, and the only difficulty is in sufficiently satisfying it. Laramie Peak presented a magnificent appearance. The crystal snow which covered its broad, irregular summit sparkled and glistened as it reflected the rays of the early sun. Bluff on bluff and hill on hill rose and rolled away between us and the mountains. Along the black hills the scenery was more bold and beautiful than we hitherto had found It; the hills were craggier and loftier, the val- ley more verdant and inviting. Wild cactus and sage abounded everywhere, while wood along the high land and ravines was more abundant. At 8 A. M. we stopped for breakfast. The Sioux Indians frequent Laramie and its vicinity; they often visited our camp fires in consider- able numbers. We gave several of them breakfast this morning. Toward noon the weather became quite warm. Horseshoe Creek, about thirty-eight miles from Laramie, was very high. It was not without some difficulty that the mules succeeded In drawing the am- bulances through the stream. The road was heavy, being badly cut up by Colonol Hoffman’s ex- pedition. There was no game of any kind, nor any indications that the buffalo had ever visited this range of country; not even could a bear, antelope or wolf be seen. Having made forty miles, we encamped for the night. MAY 20.—The morning was intensely cold; the men had to relieve each other in driving, so as to give all an op- portunity to run and get warm; this, too, when they wore overcoats and had their faces muffled up. By ten o’clock, however, the heat was very oppressive. It was as un- pleasant as the cold had been four hours before. All day long it was exceedingly hot and sultry. Commissioner McCulloch rode ahead several hours during the day to get a shot at an antelope, but he did not even see one. Lara- mie Peak was distinctly observed during the greater part of the day; also the ridge of hills of which it is the highest peak. They are an offshoot of the Rocky Mountains, and are covered along their entire distance with snow. W passed quite near them, but snow was no novelty to us, as we had seen it on the hillsides all the way from the Little Blue river. What at first made it seem singular was that it lay on the south, instead of on the north side of the hills. The reason of this phenomenon is that the wind is so severe that it blows all the snow from the north to the south side of the hills. It was not an unusual thing for us to walk along the sand hills be- neath a scorching sun, and pluck a flower with one hand while the other took up snow. All the nights are cold, and we have experienced but very few warm days. The country through which we passed during the day though rough, rocky, and almost mountainous, was characterized by a dreary monotony. There was no wood upon the high grounds, and but very little along the creeks. Grass was good in many places in the valleys; it was a short, thin blade, grows sparsely or thinly on the ground, and though only up three or four inches, is already going to seed. Acres and acres of land were covered with wild sage, and the air was strongly impregnated with its odor. The roads, besides being very hilly—more so than we had heretofore found them—were badly cut up by the animals and wagons in Colonel Hoffman’s command; so it was the worst travelling we had experiened. Hav- ing made thirty-three miles we rested for the night. There was an encampment of Sioux Indians near us; some of them visited our camp; they were the finest built and most manly Indians I have seen on the Plains. With lordly independence they walked up to the Commission- ers, who were sitting on a log by the camp fire, and shak- ing hands with them said, “How,” “how,” meaning how do you do, I wish you well, &c. If you give an Indian anything he thanks you by saying “how.” “How” has become so common a word and its meaning has been so much extended that it is used by prairiemen to drink each other’s health. MAY 21.—The morning was pleasant and the day warm, but cooled to an agreeable temperature by a breeze from the snow clad hills that ran along to our left. The creeks were all high—there must have been an unusual amount of rain in this region this seasen. The roads, though dry and not so hilly as on the previous day, were in a most deplorable state, being all cut up by the heavy wagons in Hoffman's expedition, which passed a day or two be- fore. Our mules worked hard, but made poor progress. At 11 1/4 A. M. we arrived at Deer creek. There is quite a large trading station there, and a blacksmith shop, several Indians lodges and a little one story log cabin plastered with mud, which bore the following inscription, painted in large letters on a sign over the door:— DEER CREEK VALLEY, AND THE WALLACE HOTEL. There was of course but one room in this hotel, and that doubtless had the native earth for a floor. Yet any tra- veller could get accommodated there at first class New York prices, As a sample of the price of articles in this region, we purchased some poor butter at a dollar per pound, and eggs at $3 per dozen. The trader, in accordance with the custom of the whites on the plains, had chosen a “better half” from among the daughters of the “native Americans.” The system of buying and selling Indian women is carried on all along this route, just as publicly and effectually as is the merchandising of Cressaian maids in the marts of Con stantinople. Youth and beauty here, as there, command their premium; one, two and even three horses have to be given for a fair, finely moulded, graceful daughter of the red man. Those who cannot afford to gratify their passions by the purchase of so costly a luxury as such a wife (slave), take up with meaner articles When a white man has purchased a squaw from the Indians, she is his abject slave, her person and life being as much at his disposal, so far as the Indians are concerned, as his own horses. Almost every white man who lives along this route has an aboriginal better half. The children of such unions are almost entirely dis- regarded by the fathers. The savage mothers, less inhuman than the fathers, take care of the chil- dren, who grow up as half-breed Indians. When a white man gets tired of his slave wife he ships her off and takes another. The morals, so far as personal virtue is con cerned, introduced among the Indians by their white civilizers, are such as almost to make one ashamed of his race. ln many places the unfortunate natives are being destroyed by loathsome and damning diseases, which a few years ago were entirely unknown among them. At al[-] the forts along this route the young officers, settlers, and all who can afford it, keep their squaws. The commanding officers frown upon the practice, but are unable to pre- vent it. The squaws live near the posts, and at night go into them to their lords. Many whites make no attempt to hide the fact that they live in this way; some, how- ever, endeavor to keep it from being known. For the honor of their sex, I would gladly have passed by these Western matrimonial alliances of the lords of creation, had I not from the outset determined to let your readers see all I see, and learn all I learn, during my trip to Utah, providing it can in any way be legitimately laid before them. The Governor killed several small birds, all the game we saw during the day. In the afternoon we came to a little creek, called by the guide, Muddy; though only ten feet wide, it was bridged, and the commissioners had to pay $2 for each of their wagons in order to cross it. Two men could easily have built the bridge in half a day, but if all the wagons which travel this road pay the toll asked, the $10 invested in building the bridge will doubtless bring forth, before the year is out, $10,000. The creek, though small, has steep banks, and is kept well dug out by the man who owns the bridge so as to render it unfordable by car riages. There were seven Indian lodges at the creek. Although a trading station, all the whites and Indians wore a cheval when we arrived, just going out on a horse race. We stopped a few minutes to see the race. The coursers were by no means the finest animals in the world. Two horses and several buffalo robes were bet on each side. The Indians, Shyennes, bet against the whites. Both the horses were ridden by Indians, a Sioux being on the Ame- rican horse. The race was short, and we could not tell from our position which party beat. MAY 22d—The night was warm and pleasant, quite an unusual thing. The day was very agreeable, the heat of the day being reduced to an enjoyable temperature by a gentle breeze from the snow clad Block hills which run along parallel to our course, and but three or four miles to our left. The Block hills rise along the south bank of the north fork of Platte river; they are low at first, but gradually rising higher and higher, roll away south in an irregular chain to the Rocky Mountains Notwith- standing our constant change of position, the scenery wears an oppressive monotony. Every thing, day after day is just the same—barren, sandy bluffs, valleys destitute of all things save a little thin grass and wild sage. There is none of the bold, grand, sublime scenery which cha- racterize mountainous countries; there is nothing luxu- rious or attractive in the valley, nor along the rivers: no blossoming, trees, no groves filled with singing birds; no rolling fields of waving grass give a charm to eternal nature, and make the traveller love to linger by the way. Early in the morning we crossed the North Platte river, 123 miles from Fort Laramie. The toll was $5 for each of the wagons. Such a bridge may be considered a fortune. The owner of it will doubtless make $35000 this year. Above this bridge, which is situated a short distance below Red Buttes, the north fork of Platte river become very narrow, and consequently much deeper. Below there it is a tedi- ous stream, like the Missouri, of which it is a branch; as wide as a farm, and neither fordable nor navigable, not even bridgeable, both because of quicksand in its bed and want of timber to put there. We took the bottom road instead of following along the bluffs, thinking we would find a better road, but by so doing missed meeting Col. Kane and his band of Mormons, who are going east post haste. What Kane’s object is in going on to Wash- ington now, you will be better able to judge than I am with the uncertain data now before me. But it is certain that his gang of Mormons can render diligent service to the apostle Brigham, in the capacity of spies and ex- press messengers Kane can at any time despatch one of these Saints to inform the successor of the Prophet Joe Smith of the exact condition of things in the Gentile world, the position of our troops—their embarrassments, advance or retreat—so that Brigham may decide upon good data whether he will whip the United States into submission, or submit for a time to them COLONEL HOFFMAN’S COMMAND. Notwithstanding the roads were very heavy and badly cut up by Col. Hoffman’s expedition, we made a drive of about forty miles in order to pass that expedition and ge[-] into better roads. An hour before sundown we reached Col. Hoffman’s encampment, two or three miles to the east of Willow Springs. Having drawn a few ne cessary articles from the trains, we encamped a mile to the west of them. Colonel Hoffman left Fort Leavenworth on the 18th of March, with two companies of infantry and two of cavalry, they enjoyed good weather all the way to Fort Kearney, which they made on the 1st of April. They left Kearney on the 8d of April, went on to O’Fallen’s Bluffs and took the corn and flour from the train which wintered at that place. They did not find as much corn there as they expected. After this they experienced some very severe weather. They were stayed at the crossing of the South Fork of Platte river, for some time, by a heavy snow storm. On the 21st of April they made Fort Laramie, took four companies of infantry from that post, four ox trains, or one hundred ox wagons, containing provisions enough to last Gen. Johnston's army about two months, and started on the 24th ultimo for Fort Bridger. Since that time they have experienced some unusually severe weather. They have had the snow at times two feet deep, so it was almost impossible to get food for their animals, fifty or sixty of which died. The creeks were all high, they were compelled to remain at Le Bonte’s creek twelve days before they could cross. They had a heavy snow storm on the last of April and the first of May; also quite a fall of snow on the 17th and 18th of May. Captain Haws who came from camp Scott to take back the train Colonel Hoffman is conducting, not knowing the latter was despatched for that purpose, left the com- mand at Lapresle, on the 15th of May, for camp Scott, with a squadron of the Second Dragoons and 150 beef cat- tle for the army. The beeves were not in very good or- der. Captain Haws expected to make General Johnston’s army before the end of May. Captain Lovel, of the Sixth Infantry, was despatched this morning with thirty mule wagons loaded with provi- sions, for camp Scott, with directions to reach there ss soon as possible. He is expected to make it about the first of June. Col. Hoffman divided his ox teams to-day, taking the best cattle and two trains, with 120 mule wagons; he will ad- vance as fast as possible to Camp Scott, to take supplies to the army there. It is his party which is at present en- camped near Willow Springs. He expects to make Fort Bridger by the 6th of June, but will hardly he able to do it Capt. Hendrickson, with six mule wagons, brings up the two ox trains in the rear. The troops are divided so as to form a guard to each expedition; the major part of them, however, are with Col. Hoffman. No danger is ap. prehended of an attack upon any of these expeditions by the Mormons. Commissioner McCulloch shot an antelope, which gave us a supply of the best of fresh meat. MAY 23, Sunday—There is no Sabbath on the Plains. The men work right on, not knowing whether it is Satur- day , Sunday or Monday. The day of the month is inquired about, but not the day of the week. We drove on as usual At noon we made the Sweetwater ; it is a narrow little stream, about thirty feet wide. There is a trading station where we first strike the river. At 4 P. M. we passed through the Devil’s Gate. Captain Lovel’s expedi- tion lay encamped there. It is 215 miles from Camp Scott, which distance Capt. Lovel expects to make by the 2d or 3d of June. The Devil’s Gate is a narrow, perpenicular cut through a lofty ridge of solid rock, through which rolls the mean- dering Sweet-water. It is a place of note to the traveller, who, if he can only ascend the rock and look down from its perpendicular ledge into the dark chasm of rolling waters beneath, will experience one of the most thrilling- ly impressive scenes in the world. The country was about the same as we had found on the preceding days—bleak, barree, dreary and desolate, re- pulsive to habitation, cultivation or civilization. The val- leys were beds of sand, here and there sparsely covered with grass, wild sage and greasewood. The highlands had ceased to be masses of baked or petrified sand, and became bold precipitous ledges of solid rock, entirely devoid of all vegetation. Some of the highest ranges of the Rattlesnake Mountains ob- observed in the distance were covered toward their sum- mit by trees, probably caused by the snow remaining upon the top of the mountains the greatest part of the year, thus giving the necessary moisture for the growth of timber. MAY 24.—We made an easy drive along the Sweet- water, sometimes crossing the stream, then driving along its banks; but the most of the way the road ran a few miles from the river in a straighter course than that of its ever changing, winding, curling current. The face of the country and soil were the same as yesterday. MAY 25.—We only drove twenty-nine miles to day, and encamped at the foot of the hills which ascend to the South Pass, forming a dividing ridge between the Atlantic and Pacific waters of the American continent. Our course was along the Sweet-water, which, unlike the Platte and Missouri rivers, is a clear limpid stream of water fit for the use of man. The soil, though as good or perhaps bet- ter than we had recently found it, was nevertheless beg- garly poor and sterile. MAY 26.—We ascended gradually over rolling hills to the South Pass, which is over seven thousand feet above the level of the sea. The ascent was so easy that one would never have noticed that he was climbing the rock-reared vertebra of North America, unless he had previously known the geographical fact. The hills and mountains to our right and left rolled away far above us to the distant hori- zon, while our road ran along a narrow, gently undu- lating plain, from which we could not distinguish when we stood upon the loftiest ledge of the Rocky mountains, nor when we passed the South Pass, nor where the Atlan- tic and Pacific waters rolled from the different sides of the same elevation in opposite directions towards the far dis- tant oceans. Last night was intensely cold. The wind roared and howled around our curtained ambulances with a harsh, dreary voice, penetrating our blankets and robes till it benumbed our limbs. Thick ice froze on the swift running brooks The air this morning was biting sharp; snow lay all along the hills; in some places it was six feet deep; Fremont’s peak and the Wind River mountains could occa- sionally be seen far to our right. In a clear day this range of mountains is said to present a magnificent spectacle, [-]s enrolled in spotless snow it rolls away glistening high into the arch of heaven, but to day it was cloudy, damp, humid, then rainy, so our coup d'aeil it was circumscribed to a narrow region. We encamped on the Pacific side of the Rocky mountains. The air was chilly cold. The harsh wind galloped and gamboled along the shrieking mountains, while dark, heavy clouds rolled through the threatening sky. Still there was a grandeur in the gloom—the cold, the tempest fury of that desolate night, far up among the clouds, with snow to our right, snow to our left, snow along the course whence we came and snow upon the hilltops, whither we were going. MAY 27—Cold, biting, benumbing cold, greeted our early rise this morning. Before four o’clock our mules were harnessed and our ambulances moving westward. The surcharged clouds discharged part of their contents upon us in the shape of snow and hail. The permeating wind seemed to penetrate every thing and make our bones rattle and teeth tingle. All day long its snow cold blast was poured upon us. We decended from the Rocky Mountains into Utah so gradually along a gentle undu- lating plain that an inattentive voyageur would not have noticed the descent at all. Indeed, the face of the country seemed more level than we had found it at any other place west of Laramie; our course lay through the centre of a broad plain, from the extremes of which, far to the right and left, snow-capped mountains could be described, rising among the clouds. Though in a level region, we seemed far above the ordinary height of the land, close among the wintry clouds, which occasionally poured down hail and snow upon us. The roads were excellent—dry and hard. But little grass, thin and short, could be found for our animals. There was no wood; wild sage bushes, which in, some places grow several feet high, made us good fires. The occasional patches of poor grass and the sage bushes are all the vegetation that this sandy desert region brings forth. We passed the Little Sandy and encamped at night just beyond the Big Sandy. The wind ceased after sunset; the night was pleasant, but cool. About midnight my chum woke up, and while taking a drink of water from his canteen, felt a sharp pronged substance in his throat. The canteens are filled by placing them under the water in the creeks, and as the water is muddy we cannot see what goes into them: one need never be surprised to find any kind of a horned animal in them that can inhabit water. Chum felt of the exterior of his throat and, finding it not cut open com menced imbibing of again, when he got a similar substance in his mouth; this time he felt it soon enough to give it a chewing before it got into his throat, in doing which he found it was ice. Ice had made in the canteen, though covered with cloth and hanging at the leeward of our am– bulance. MAY 28.—It was a cool, windy morning; the clouds rolled between us and the mountains so that we could not see the latter. About sixty miles from Camp Scott we met a dozen men, who said they were going to the moun- tains to hunt, as they could obtain nothing to eat at Camp Scott. They were not soldiers. About the same place we passed a little gully, or ravine. where the Mormons burned one of the government trains last fall; nothing but a part of the iron in the wagons marked the spot. The storms were all laying around loose in the heavens. Now the wind would blow a snow storm upon us, then a rain storm, and next a hail storm. After giving them to us in their individual capacity, they would all be hurled pell mell together upon us, with such force that it was difficult to keep the mules from turning from the road to get their heads away from the storm. Perhaps ten minutes after this severe blast, the sun would be shining fully upon us. Undulating, poverty stricken prairie constitutes the description of the face of the country, soil and terres- tial scenery to-day. At noon we made Green river. Captain Haws’ command had just crossed it. Captain Haws divided his expedition at Deer creek into two commands, and sent one, containing the oxen best able to travel fast, in advance to Camp Scott, under Lieut. Armstong, while he followed with the others as fast as possible. Lieut Arm- strong’s command has certainly arrived in Camp Scott be- fore this time. Capt. Haws will doubtless be there on the 30th. There is a ferry over Green river, by which we crossed it. The stream, though narrow, is deep, and has a rapid current. On the west of Green river we observed the re- mains of the other two government trains, burned by the Saints last fall. The magnitude of that catastrophe is now fully appreciated. It imperilled the very existence of Gen. Johnston’s army, for the relief or salvation of which the most strenuous exertions have been and are now being made by Col. Hoffman's command, at present divided into many small expeditions, in order to make even a day in the arrival of provisions at Camp Scott. Flour at Green river is a dollar per pound, nor can any material which is “meet food for man” be commanded at a lesser price. Gold is almost as common as the commonest substance capable of sustain- ing human existence, because it does not bring much more than its own weight of them in a legitimate mercantile ex- change. We encamped at night about thirty-five miles from Camp Scott. MAY 29 —Hoggarday’s mail expedition encamped at Green river on the night of the 27th, so it must have reached Camp Scott yesterday. The conductor intend- ed immediately after his arrival there to start out upon his return trip, so we will probably meet him early to-day. I will, therefore, close this letter, in or der to send it on to you by this mail, if we meet it to-day. The Utah Commissioners have stood their trip across this inhospitable region admirably; they will make Camp Scott early to day. Though General Johnston’s command has suffered some from privation, it may be re- lied upon that it is relieved. I have heard numerous reports about the Mormons sending all their women out of Salt Lake City to Provo and other places in the mountains; saying to the army: “There is the city—go into it if you wish;” also about their fight- ing and not fighting; but I am unable at the present time to give you anything about Mormondom from certain data, therefore will not attempt it. Captain Marcy’s command has not arrived at Camp Scott. Within a week I expect to date my letters from Great Salt Lake City. ----- new page (VMSS792_S3_SS14_B17A_F12_I5_p001.jpg) Herald June 19 Interesting Particulars from Great Salt Lake City. [From the St. Louis Republican, June 16] By the politeness of Mr. Fay Worthen, late from Salt Lake City, we are in possession of full dates from that place to the 15th ult. Mr. Worthen came in with Col. Kane's company to Florence, N. T., and passes through this city on his way to Springfield, the residence of his father, Dr. Worthen, State Geologist of Illinois. Mr. Wor- then volunteered, with only one companion, to carry Gov. Cumming’s first despatches to Gen. Johnston, though the road between Camp Scott and Salt Lake City was, for a long distance, beset by hostile Indians, for which service he received the Governor's thanks. Although the snow was still deep upon the mountains, he accomplished the journey in forty eight hours. Mr. Worthen's conversa- tion possesses much interest, from the fact of his having passed the whole of last winter at Salt Lake City. He re- ports a higher degree of efficiency in the Mormon military than was generally supposed—indeed, would imply that our gallant little army under Johnston was exposed to greater danger than they were aware of. With respect to the movement of the 1st of March, it was not known in Salt Lake City whether it was to be an attack on General Johnston's position or that occupied by Colonel Cooke at Henry's Fork, alone. The first regiment (horse) of the new levy had marched before Colonel Kane's arrival in February. Shortly after that event, orders went to Bear river to stop their advance, and the military organization was restored to the same state as last fall, reducing the effective force under orders to little over two thousand. The entire force between Salt Lake City and Bridger had been called in, in obedience to or- ders from Governor Cumming, except a company of fifty, who professed to be out with his approval. Governor Cumming's adventures had been the general theme of conversation in the valley when Mr. W. left. Evading a predatory band of the Banacks and Shosho- nees, by taking off the road to the north, he succeeded also in keeping out of the way of the Mormon videttes and stragglers until close upon one of their principal out, posts. The first trooper discovered him by a spring near Bear river and made off, but soon returned, followed by twenty-eight others, who, closing fourteen before and fourteen behind, conducted the Governor to one of their stations, where there were about a hundred other horse and a Mormon Brigadier. The Brigadier received Gover- nor C. with great politeness, and informed him that no opposition would be offered by his command to the Gover- nor's proceeding to Salt Lake City, but he would do well to be provided with an escort. Governor Cumming was escorted by one party and another all the way to the valley; and with their assist- ance, when the road was bad or the snow troublesome, he arrived in good health, and expressed himself very little fatigued. The story in Salt Lake was that some of the Governor's escort had endeavored to dissuade him from proceeding by Echo canon, where a large body of troops was stationed, about whose sentiments towards the Gov- ernor there was reason to doubt. Governor Cumming settled the matter by saying that he wished to meet them for that very reason. This pleased the Mormons he was with; and, as it would appear, the garrison at Echo also, to whom word was sent in advance that the Governor was coming. The scene at the canon must have been a remarkable one. The Governor and his escort were brought to pretty rough- ly by the various guards and pickets; but as soon as the last one was passed, the sky was on fire with bonfires among the rocks, where the soldiers had been gathering piles of dry cedar during the day. A quite general feu de joi, too, let him hear sufficiently distinctly the echoes from which the defile takes its name. The remarks made by Governor Cumming, in reply to an address from the Colo- nel commanding at Echo, must have been looked for with interest by the Mormons in favor of the admission. They were delivered about ten o’clock one evening, and a re- port of their tenor was circulated in Salt Lake City early the next evening. The distance is about fifty miles. It was a pretty uncompromising sort of speech, but its effect on the popular mind was decidedly favorable. The old hands generally stood aloof from Governor C., (Mr. W. thought,) but he had made great head- way with the boys, who voted him quite the thing. In a speech which had excited much enthusiasm, he had promised them that he would return from Camp Scott within a week, and would bring Mrs. C , his heroic lady, with him. Mr. W. thinks the general feeling is now such towards the Governor he can do so without peril. Much division prevailed among the Mormons regard- ing their policy under present circumstances. Mr. W., however, was "sanguine" as to the success of the peace party. Brigham Young had come out openly in their favor, and Mr. W. does not think any man or men in the church can stand up against him, and regards any unpopularity on his part as but temporary. Young had gone so far as to station a guard in Salt Lake City and several upper settlements to prevent their being burned, which had been the cause of some remark, particularly in the south- ern settlements. But they complained most bitterly of his not allowing them to take the supply trains this spring, and said that he intended letting them all come in and make Bridger impregnable. Mr. W.'s personal opinion is, that no attack on United States troops or trains is now intended by the Mor- mons. He thinks they would not interfere with emigrants to California conducting themselves discreetly. The Indians would not, he is confident, molest Americans, ----- new page (VMSS792_S3_SS14_B17A_F12_I5_p002.jpg) stating themselves to be such. Mr. W.'s opinion, how- ever, is decidedly in support of additional levies. In case of war he does not think 10,000 men would be a sufficient force for our purposes. Mr. Worthen confirms the report of the evacuation of Salt Lake City, which commenced shortly after Gov. Cum ming arrived. Except around the guard houses the city is almost a solitude. The Mormons had somewhat resent- ed Gov. C.’s issuing a proclamation inviting persons in- jured to apply to him for redress. For nearly a week they came in large numbers to his residence, where he had their narratives written down, and when he returned to Camp Scott he carried the whole of them off with him. No doubt this praiseworthy step had cooled the feelings of some of Gov. Cumming’s Mormon adherents; but Mr. W. does not think it will prove enough so to alter matters ma- terially. ARRIVAL OF COL. KANE’S PARTY—EMIGRATION OF THE MORMONS. [From the St. Louis Democrat, June 16.] The party of Col. Kane, from Camp Scott, arrived here yesterday morning on the steamer Emigrant. The Colonel remained but a few hours, leaving for Washington on the Ohio and Mississippi afternoon train. The information brought by his party, of whom we may give the name of Major Howard Eagan as authority, repeats, with additional interesting details, that telegraphed to us from Boonville on Monday night. The party left Camp Scott on the 16th of May. Gov. Cumming had returned there from Salt Lake City. He stated that almost instantly upon his arrival at the Mor- mon city he found the population moving off. The move- ment had indeed commenced, and shortly increased till the entire people of the northern settlements were in mo- tion. Brigham Young formally delivered into his hands the "great seal" and all State records. The Mormon chiefs appeared particularly solicitous that Gov. Cumming should take possession of these momentous documents, relying upon this measure as the only one for their preser- vation. They were urgent that the Governor should at once deposit them in a fire proof safe. The reason of this soon transpired with the discovery that extensive prepa- rations had been skilfully made to give the city to the flames, à la the Russians at Moscow. Large quantities of dried fence wood had been arranged in many houses, which a match would have kindled to conflagration. Happily better councils prevailed among the leaders, and strenuous endeavors were successfully made by the major part of the population to prevent the catastrophe. Having received the capitulation of Brigham and taken efficient means to prevent the still dreaded burning of the city, Gov. Cumming deemed it proper, if possible, peacefully to prevent the migration southward, and set off after the trains. The whole population of the northern settlements were on the road, a few guards alone being left in the villages. The number of men, women and children could scarcely be less than 35,000. Many were far advanced, so that it was useless to pursue them. The forward trains were three hundred miles southward down the valley. The Governor counted seven hundred and fifty wagons laden with families. They were abundantly provisioned. Many hun- dreds had "hutted" by the way; i. e, had built adobe houses of the road mud. The cold and heavy rains had disappointed their expectations of the dry weather neces- sary to the permanency of such structures, and had washed away their walls. They were thus left exposed to the winds and rains. But there appeared no very seri- ous suffering, though much and trying inconvenience. The attempt to procure a general abandonment of the march was of course futile. There is uncertainty about the destination which the Mormon leaders now propose to themselves. They keep their own counsel in this respect with remarkable close ness. The suggestion that they were bound for Cedar City is rather discredited, by the fact that they have driven large herds of their cattle much southward of that point. It is feared that they may coalesce with some of the Indian tribes of the South, which are already suffi ciently vexatious, and thus give much trouble to the government. They themselves complain bitterly of the treatment of roving parties of Indians, who, finding them defenceless on the road, cannot resist the temptation pre- sented by so much booty. The Indians ridicule the Mor- mons, saying they are squaws, and can’t fight. Camp Scott remained healthy. The accounts of inade- quate provisions have been exaggerated. The quality of their fare is alone matter of complaint with the troops. Governor Cumming has taken efficient steps to remedy all inconvenience and preclude the possibility of suffering in the army from this source. About twenty miles west of Platte Bridge Colonel Kane met the supply train of Colonel Hoffman, and also the United States Commissioners, for whose arrival Colonel Johnston has hitherto been reported as waiting. The departure of the Mormons appears to be conceived by their leaders, and by those in the American camp, as probably the best course feasible. The coolness, address and firmness of Governor Cumming in securing the adop tion of this alternative to war are strongly attested by the eye-witnesses of his conduct. His management of the army in its critical circumstances also elicits, and we doubt not deserves, warm encomiums. ----- new page (VMSS792_S3_SS14_B17A_F12_I6_p001.jpg) HARPER’S WEEKLY. SATURDAY, JUNE 19, 1858. ----- new page (VMSS792_S3_SS14_B17A_F12_I6_p002.jpg) THE END OF THE MORMON WAR. DISPATCHES from Colonel Cumming to the State Department establish beyond controversy the termination of the Mormon controversy by the submission of the Mormons to the authority of the United States Governor. Whether this was the fruit of wholesome reflection on the principles of the case, or the consequence of General Johnston’s movements, is hardly worth inquiring. Politicians who desire to make out a case against the Administration will doubtless argue that the Mormons intended all along to surrender to the United States without fighting; while the friends of the President are likely to contend that but for the imposing military force now stationed at Fort Bridger, we should at this moment have been plunged in an expensive and bloody civil war. The people at large are not likely to be nice in looking into the causes of an event which, on every account, must be re- garded as a matter for congratulation. At the same time, it will be well for the Gov- ernment and the people to beware of precipita- tion in deciding that the Mormon troubles are over. Mere submission to the authority of Gov- ernor Cumming and voluntary abandonment of the territory around Salt Lake do not necessarily settle all the pending questions between the Mormon sect and the United States. If, as is asserted, it be the design of Brigham Young to conduct his followers to an uninhabited portion of Sonora, within the territory of the United States, there is no reason to suppose that they would agree better there with the Government than they have done in Utah—as between the Territory of Utah and the Territory of Sonora there seems nothing to choose Rebellion and insubordination would be as troublesome in the one as in the other; nor wouId the President be less bound to quell them [-]n the borders of Mexico than in the heart of the American des- ert. If the Mormon people, adhering to their faith and their hierarchy, remove to another spot on American soil within the jurisdiction of the United States, it may be boldly asserted that the quarrel is postponed, not adjusted. And, be it further remarked, wherever the Mormons go, so long as they remove peaceably, the great question of the relations of the United States Government to polygamy remains unset- tled. It was hoped by many who were glad to avoid a direct issue on the subject, that the open rebellion of the Mormons would afford the Gov- ernment an opportunity to settle the matter practically, without raising the question wheth- er or no the United States could interfere with the local institutions of a Territory. Should ex-Governor Young now withdraw peacefully to Sonora or elsewhere, this opportunity will be lost, and the question will remain open to distract future Congresses. A singular and almost unaccountable indif- ference to the constitutional and legal bearings of this question has been hitherto displayed by a school of politicians which might have been expected to regard it with earnest attention. Hardly any notice seems to have been taken of the inevitable bearing which any legislation on the subject of polygamy would have on the graver topics of slavery and popular sovereignty. One is at a loss to explain an inattention seem- ingly amounting to blindness. Should the Mormons remove, as it is said they propose to do, to the Territory of Sonora, years will probably elapse before they attain sufficient numbers and consequence to attract fresh attention from this part of the world. Meanwhile they will naturally be exposed to revolutionary accidents and to casualties from the filibustering population of our Pacific shores. But, if they safely survive these contingencies, it must be expected that the issue now evaded will, sooner or later, return upon our hands in a more embarrassing shape than ever. Each successive expulsion of the Mormons has been more troublesome than the last. If, in or about the year of grace 1868, the Government of the United States be driven to assail them in Sonora, as it has assailed them in Utah, it must be tak- ----- new page (VMSS792_S3_SS14_B17A_F12_I6_p003.jpg) en for granted that the operation will be very difficult, expensive, and perhaps bloody. And as no one can tell what shape the other and graver difficulties of our internal politics may have assumed by that time, it may prove a sub- ject of sincere regret that the polygamy trouble had not been settled by the sword, when it was entangled by no analogies or complications, un- der the presidency of Mr. Buchanan. ----- new page (VMSS792_S3_SS14_B17A_F12_I7_p001.jpg) NEW–YORK DAILY TRIBUNE, SATURDAY, JUNE 12, 1858. [first column] HIGHLY INTERESTING FROM UTAH. Removal of the Mormons. IMPORTANT INDIAN MOVEMENTS. THE PEACE COMMISSIONERS AT FORT LARAMIE DISPATCHES FROM VARIOUS SOURCES. GOV. CUMMING IN SALT LAKE CITY. From Our Own Correspondent. FORT BRIDGER, U. T., April 22, 1858. We have received interesting advices from Salt Lake City concerning the movements of Gov. Cumming, through two expressmen, Messrs. John Kimball and Fayette Worthen, who arrived here at noon on the 20th inst. with dispatches to Col. Johnstone from the Governor. They left the city on the morning of the 18th inst, and made their trip in two days. The Governor arrived at Salt Lake City on Friday, the 9th inst., on the fifth day after leaving our camp. He entered the valley through Weber River Cañon, about thirty-six miles north of the city, the snow being too deep on the Big Mountain for him to take the direct route, and passed his first night in the Mormon settlements at a small village named Sessions Settlement, about twelve miles from the city. During the evening he was serenaded by a band from the neighboring town of Farmington. The next day he was met and escorted in by the municipal authorities of Salt Lake City, who wel– comed him to their city. Rooms had been prepared and were in readiness for him, and he was imme- diately taken there and hospitably entertained. The following day Brigham Young and Heber Kimball called on him, and on the next day after Brigham sent his carriage for him and entertained him in his own house. Since then they have had several inter- views. The impression of the people, as I stated in my last letter, is that everything is to be peacefully and quietly arranged. The orders to the people to move had been countermanded and all the church wagons which had been sent to the settlements for this pur- pose had been recalled. They were now com- mencing to plow and sow their fields and to cultivate the gardens in the city. The weather in the Salt Lake Valley has been unusually mild, and the expressmen who came in report that the grass in the valley was at this time nearly six inches high. Messrs. Kimball and Worthen are not Mormons themselves, but have relatives who are Mormons, and they have resided for several years with this people. None of the Mormons would consent to bring out the express, as they had heard that a great many indictments had been found by the Grand Jury in this county against them for treason, and they knew not who the particular persons were who are indicted. The Governor, it was reported, intended to remain in the city until the 3d or 4th of May, or at least until after the arrival there of the mail from California; for what purpose is not known. The brands of all the stock which has been stolen from the settlements during the past eight months were sent in to Col. Johnston, with a re- quest that these animals might be returned. There is not a single animal belonging to a Mormon in camp. The Mormons have more than 1,500 head of our stock now in their hands, which they stole from us last Fall and Winter; and yet, with the coolest effrontery, they send to us demanding that any of their stock which we have shall be returned to them, saying nothing of our stock. The Deseret News seems to indicate, from the tone of its late numbers, that the rulers of the Church intend to take this ground, namely, that they have been obliged to keep up a standing army during the whole Winter, throughout their settlements, at a great ex- pense, for the purpose of defending themselves against the Indians, who, led on by Gentile whites, are threatening their extermination; and I have no doubt but that the next step will be a demand upon the Government for the payment of the expenses of this standing army, which the unfortunate Territory of Utah has been obliged to keep in the field for self- defense against these Indians. The Deseret News of the 7th inst. contains the following editorial article in regard to these Indian difficulties, from which it will be observed that they are endeavoring to change the issue, and charge us with the crimes of which they have been guilty, namely, inciting the Indians to attack the whites: "ANOTHER MURDER BY INDIANS. "On Bonnack Creek, March 31, Elder B. F. Cum- mings and a small party, on their way from Salmon River, were suddenly and furiously fired upon by a party of Indians in ambush, who killed Bro. Bailey Lake and robbed the company of eleven horses. "Whether the massacre and robbery by Indians at Fort Limhi, on Salmon River, Feb. 25, the killing of cattle and stealing of horses in Okull, Rush and Loele Valleys, the late killing and robbing on Bon- nack Creek, the threatened Indian foray from Uin- tah Valley, and the current rumor that the army have offered the Indians $150 for every Mormon they will bring in to Col. Johnston's camp, can be proved in court to be a part of the civilized mode of warfare to be pursued by Government officers against the Mor- mons, is uncertain, for witnesses may absent them- selves, keep back the truth, or be excused from testi- fying, on the plea that they would criminate them- selves. "But it is certain that no trouble had heretofore occurred at Fort Limhi, and that a certain J. H. Powell was most actively engaged with the Indians in massacre and robbery perpetrated at that fort; and it is reported that soldiers from Col. Johnston’s camp wintered at Beaver Head, a short distance east of Fort Limhi. It is also certain that, until the United States troops entered this Territory, Government had never advanced a single dollar to the Utah Superin- tendency to be expended in making presents to the Indians, though many of the Superintendent’s ac- counts for presents made by him have been allowed; but now that an agency is established that is as yet unacquainted with the interests of the settlers of this Territory, Government can furnish thousands upon thousands of dollars for presents to the wild men of the mountains, and it will soon be known whether this is not designed for the express purpose of introducing their humane, Christian and civilized mode of warfare through inciting Indian depredations against American citizens. It is quite authentically reported that the runaway Indian agent Hurt has passed most of the last Winter in Utah Valley, and has been busily en- gaged in inciting the Indians against the Mormons; and of late the rumor is rife that our enemies have offered the Indians $150 for every 'Mormon' they will deliver to them. "It must be conceded that the above facts, circum- stances and reports, transpiring at this particular junc- ture of affairs, strongly impel the conclusion that some person or persons connected with Col. Johnston’s com- mand are in collusion with the Indians. Such collu- sion is more particularly forced upon the mind when it is known to be in perfect keeping with the policy of several of the 'powers that be' toward the Mormons; and that the mildest term in use of the army, when speaking of us, 'the damned Mormons.' "But when has one of Col. Johnston’s command been killed, or their animals run off, by the Indians, incited thereto by the citizens of this Territory? Never; for Gov. Young and the 'Mormons' have ever counseled the Indians to remain strictly neutral, as all truth-telling red and white men cognizant of the facts will substantiate. It is not a difficult matter for a good arithmetician to count the toes upon a naked foot, when it is put out." The ways of Providence are oftentimes most mys- terious. A little incident, which at the time seemed of little importance, has thrown a flood of light upon the first allegation in the above article, upon the strength of which the Mormons are now attempting to charge us with inciting the Indians to attack them, and to fight our battles for us. On his way from the Flathead county, Mr. Fick- lin, with his scouting party whose return I noticed in my last letter, found on the road to Oregon, near Bonnack Creek, a note stuck in a long forked stick, addressed to Col. Cunningham & Co. (a party of Mormons), and signed B. F. Cummings; it was dated Monday, March 29, 4 p. m, and in sub- stance (I have not been furnished with a copy of it) read as follows: "We are all well. We took this morning from Boor- wat three of the brethren’s horses; we caught them between Camash Creek and Snake River. We tried to make him pay for the cattle which his band have killed, but he got very mad, and we did not feel au- thorized to attempt force with him." It will be observed that this note is dated March 29, and that the attack was made by the Indians on the party on the 31st of March, and was committed by this Indian in retaliation for the attack which [second column] Brother Cummings made upon him, and for taking away three of his horses. Boor-wat, moreover, had not been connected in any way with the Fort Limhi difficulty, as he had been employed by Mr. Ficklin as a guide, and the horses which he had were not Mormon horses. I alluded in my last let- ter to the arrival with Mr. Ficklin of Mr. J. W. Powell from the Flathead country. It will be seen in the article copied from The Deseret News that he is charged with an active preparation in the Indian difficulties on Salmon River. In refutation of these charges, Mr. Powell made the following affidavit in regard to the matter, in answer to the interrogato- ries of Chief-Justice Eckels: "Territory of Utah, Green River County, ss.— John W. Powell, being duly sworn, upon his oath de- poseth and saith, that he came into the Territory aforesaid in July, 1855; his life has been threatened by the Mormons, but with the exception of the loss of property, has never been injured by them; he left the Territory of Utah in August, 1856, with an outfit of Indian goods for the purpose of trading with the Bon- nack and Shoshonee Indians; he was at Fort Linhi, on Salmon River, in February, 1858; there he found six Bonnack and some Shoshonee lodges; these In- dians stated that a war party of Nez-Percé Indians had been at the Mormon Fort in search of them (the Bonnacks); that the Mormons had furnished this war party with arms and ammunition; had fed them on the products of their (the Bonnack’s) lands; that sub- sequent to this, the horses belonging to the Bonnacks and Shoshonees were stolen by the Nez Percés; that they had never received any compensation from the Mormons for the land occupied by them; and they were on this account enraged at the Mormons, and would drive off their stock; the Bonnacks inquired of him if the Government of the United States would accept of their services and allow them to join them in fighting the Mormons; he told them that the United States was strong and would not allow them to join them in their difficulties with the Mormons; the In- dians then determined to attack the Mormons; he warned the Mormons, and told them to guard their stock; he was not engaged in the affair in any manner; six Indians attacked the Mormons, killed two and wounded others; drove off all their cattle and some of their horses; he states that Brigham Young had endeavored to bribe these Indians, who attacked the Mormons to join him in fighting the troops of the United States; he also says that he has seen cattle in possession of the Mormons which he knows to have been stolen from immigrants; this is all he knows in relation to the Indian and Mormon difficulty at Fort Linhi, and further saith not. "JOHN W. POWELL." "Subscribed and sworn to before me, April 21, 1858. "D. R. ECKELS, "Chief Justice of Supreme Court, Utah Territory." As respects the allusion made to the trip of Dr. Hurt, Indian agent for this Territory to the Uintah Valley, we deem it unworthy of notice. The Doc- tor is well known to be a gentleman "sans peur et sans reproche," whose character is unblemished, and whose bravery in remaining exposed in the hands of the Mormon Prophet in the performance of his duty long after his friends and co-laborers had fled, is a matter of history. Dr. Hurt was sent last Winter to the Uintah, about one hundred miles south of us, to collect, through his faithful Indian band, all the information possible concerning the movements of the Mor- mons south. For this purpose, after reaching the Uintah Valley, he sent one of his Indian boys into the settlement, and others in different directions. The young man who was sent into the settlements confirmed by his report all the statements made by Mr. Gilbert in regard to the Mormons—an account of which you have received. He adds, however, that the Mormons had taken all the grain, &c., and all the farming utensils from the Indian farm e - tablished by Dr. Hurt on Spanish Fork, and had burned up some of the houses and nearly the whole of the fencing about the farm. Dr. Hurt arrived in camp from this journey on the 13th inst. During his absence he saw nearly all of the southern chiefs, and enjoined upon them strict neutrality. Some of them were much exasperated at the conduct of the Mormons in robbing their farm, but the Doctor has succeeded in inducing them to remain quiet. There are two of the Southern Chiefs of the Ute and Pi-Ute tribes, namely: Arapeen and Kanosh, who are Mormons, having been baptized into the Church. They and their bands are now with the Mormons, and are willing tools in their hands. It is these Indians, led on by the Mormons, who mas- sacred the emigrants on the southern route to Cali- fornia last Fall. On the 20th inst. Col. Johnston commenced a brigade guard mounting—that is to say, all the gen- eral guards, such as the outposts sentinels, the in- line picket guards, the guard for Fort Bridger, &c., are all assembled from the different regiments into one before starting to their posts. It forms a most beautiful sight; and as the regimental bands en- livens the scene with soul-stirring martial music it forms a great attraction, enlivening our camp life. This gaurd is mounted every morning at 9 o’clock. This is the first brigade guard mounting had in the army since the Mexican war. On the same day the Battery of Light Artilley, under Capt. Phelps, practiced firing at a target with their 6-pounders and howitzers; they fired principally case shot. This case shot consists of a spherical iron ball containing 38 musket balls and sufficient powder to explode it with great force, by different lengths of fuse communicating with the powder in the shell, they are made to burst at pleasure in any number of seconds after they are fired. To illustrate the effect of these shot and the great accuracy which our brave artillerists have acquired with their pieces, I will give you the effect of the fourth shot fired by Lieut. Kensie. The target was six feet square, and was placed at a distance of 600 yards. The shell referred to struck the ground 20 yards in front of the target, burst and put 27 out of 38 balls in the target. After bursting of the shell the balls which it contains fly with a momentum equal to that of a ball fired from a rifle. We are now all anticipating with certainty that we shall be obliged to eat mule beef. We have not now more than one hundred and sixty head of cattle in our herd, and this army consumes more than ten head of cattle each day. So that our stock will not last more than sixteen days. There are no other cattle in the country this side of the Mormons, for we have consumed not only all the beef, but all the broken-down work cattle. A party was sent out some two weeks to the Platte Bridge, for the purpose of purchasing any cattle which there may be on the road between here and Laramie; but this party cannot return before the middle of May. There are no cattle at Fort Laramie, with the ex- ception of the work cattle which are now bringing up the freight trains from that point, and these are not expected up before the middle of May. It is surprising with what composure and cheer- fulness the officers and men of this army look upon the prospect of eating mules and horses. Not a word of grumbling or dissatisfaction is heard; on the contrary, you hear nothing but jokes on the subject. It is, however, an unpalatable fact. The mail of the 1st of March arrived here on the 12th inst. Dr. Forney, Superintendent of Indian Affairs, in- tends starting from here to-morrow evening for Salt Lake City to join Gov. Cumming. We hope that our Government officials will be allowed the privilege of leaving Salt Lake City as readily as they were allowed to enter it. It is reported that, notwithstanding the stay of Gov. Cumming in Salt Lake City, the Mormons are concentrating large bodies of troops between this camp and the city. An Indian who arrived here yesterday from the Valley says that they are also concentrating troops at Provo City, on Utah Lake. We have obtained the following items of news from the Governor’s expressmen. Brigham has hit upon a new plan of making money out of his miserable, deluded followers. In- stead of specie, the currency of the Valley now is bills printed on tissue paper bearing on their face the following: "THE DESERET CURRENCY ASSOCIATION promise to pay on demand one dollar ($1) upon the presentation of one hundred dollars: In Live Stock. (Signed) (Signed) "BRIGHAM YOUNG, President. "H. B. Clawson, Treasurer." These bills range from the value of $1 up to $50, and are embellished with a wood cut of a plow on one side and a beehive on the other; they are printed, not engraved. Brigham’s idea in this speculation is very obvious. He has on hand several thousand head of cattle belonging to the church; these he will de- liver at his own price when they are demanded in payment of these notes, which must be presented in sums of not less than $100. In order to add still more to the profits of his scheme, he has issued all the notes in small sums, and printed them on tissue paper, increasing the probability of the loss of these notes as much as possible. The people in the Valley are very much distressed by the scarcity of cotton stuffs, such as calicoes, [third column] and of sugar, coffee and tobacco; the latter is valued at $10 per pound. THE MORMONS TO STOP AT PROVO. Correspondence of The N. Y. Tribune. HEADQUARTERS ARMY OF UTAH, } BRIDGER'S FORT, U. T., April 28, 1858. } Since my last communication an express has ar- rived in camp, bringing news from Capt. Marcy’s party. The dispatches contain the information that Capt. Marcy was, at the time when the express left him, one hundred miles beyond (on the east of) Laramie, and will not probably reach this point be- fore the 1st of June. It is hoped that the army will move for the Valley immediately upon his ar- rival. A scouting party came into camp yesterday from the vicinity of Echo Cañon, one of the approaches to Salt Lake Valley. They bring the information that that pass and the points between it and the Valley are occupied by a force of two thousand Saints. The party narrowly escaped being sur- rounded and captured by a band of three hundred mounted men sent from the canon for their appre- hension. They were warned of their danger by a Snake Indian of Little Soldier’s band, now acting under the direction of Ben Simonds, a Delaware of much intelligence, strongly attached to the inter- ests of the whites, and possessing great influence among the mountain tribes. This party also bring the information (and it has been confirmed from other authentic sources) that the Governor, since his advent in the city, has been kept under strict guard, and that he is denied communication with all except those in the confidence of Brigham Young. Moreover, persons who have been here from the Valley say that it is the declared purpose of Bro. Brigham to keep Gov. Cumming in ward until the Disciples have had ample time to leave the Valley and reach Provo, where they intend to make a final stand. There is nothing beyond bare rumor with regard to the future movements of the army. The health of the men is very good. The weather for the last few days has been fine, but to-day we were visited by a heavy storm of thunder, rain and hail, accom- panied by a violent wind. Camp life is becoming disagreeable, and all desire to march and occupy the Valley at all hazards. MARSHAL DOTSON’S EXPERIENCES. From Our Own Correspondent. FORT BRIDGER, U. T., April 30, 1858. In view of the scarcity of beef cattle in the com- missary department, which has almost compelled us to conclude that we will soon have to eat mule meat, or no meat at all, Chief Justice Eckels on the 21st inst. dispatched Marshal Dotson with a party of thirteen men who volunteered for the occasion to Bear River, to endeavor to procure cattle and provisions from the Indians camped on that stream. To guard against any misunderstanding in regard to the object of this expedition sent in the direction of Salt Lake City, the Marshal was furnished with the following explicit instructions: "FORT BRIDGER, U. T., April 21, 1858. "To P. K. Dotson, United States Marshal for Utah Territory. "SIR: You will proceed as soon as practicable to the camp of Ben Simonds, on Bear River, with a suitable number of citizens of the United States whom you will designate for the purpose, and purchase some beef cattle for the use of the civilians encamped here, and such quantities of vegetables, butter and eggs, as you can obtain for the same purpose. "You will be careful to see that no warlike move- ments be made against the Mormons or others, except in your self-defense, unless it should be necessary in executing your official duties, and in that case the law will be your guide. "Before trading with the Indians you will, of course, obtain the consent, of the agent to do so. Should you be inquired of by the Indians on the subject, you will advise neutrality in our Mormon diffiulties. "As soon as may be you will return to camp with your party, for whom you will be expected to account. "D. R. ECKELS." The following interesting report of the Marshal, made upon his return, furnishes an account of his trip, and contains important information obtained from the Indians and others, which we consider entitled to credit: "CAMP SCOTT, April 27, 1858. "Hon. D. R. ECKELS, Chief Justice Supreme Court, Utah Ter- ritory. "SIR: In compliance with the inclosed instruct- tions, which I received from you on the 21st inst., I organized a party of citizen-volunteers, comprising thirteen men beside myself, viz: District-Attorney (pro tem.) W. J. McCormick. D. A. Burr, Justice of the Peace, and Messrs. J. W. Powell. E. M. Scott, Elie Dufort. J. Meeks, J. J. Justis, C. J. Hartley, Wm. Hall, W. W. Green, J. P. Gabriel, A. C. Ayers, A. Nolan, and started with them from Fort Bridger on the morning of the 24th inst. Taking the main road leading to Salt Lake City, we followed it until we reached the first branch of the Muddy Creek, stop- ping, however, to noon at a spring some eight or nine miles from the Fort. "Upon striking this creek, we turned to the right, and, following its banks in a north westerly direction, crossed the main branch of the Muddy at its mouth. We then continued up a ravine ruuning due west from this crossing, and, gradually ascending to its summit, passed over a very high, rocky ridge covered with cedars. Descending a precipitous gorge, which pre- sented itself a little north of this point, we camped for the night about two miles further on in a deep hollow, in a bend of the gorge formed by a ridge running parallel with the divide we had just crossed. "A small stream, which trickled dawn from a snow bank on the side of the ridge, furnished us with water, and our animals found an abundance of good grass in the bottom and sides of the hollow. "The grass since we left the spring at which we nooned is most excellent, particularly along the banks of the Muddy and the adjacent benches. It is taller and. thicker than I have ever seen it in this country at this season of the year. In the hollow in which we had camped we found a well-beaten trail, which we were told by an Indian, who rode up before we started in the morning, led to the Indian camp of Ben Simonds, on Bear River. I accordingly determined to follow it to that point. "After leaving camp, we took over the hill west of us, and crossed in succession, within a mile and a half, three streams of running water; the second of these streams is, I judge, formed by springs; the other two are fed by the melting snows, and, l am inclined te believe, are dry in the Summer season. "After crossing the third stream the trail turned up the hollow in which it ran, and followed its course in a south-westerly direction to the snow banks from which it issued. The western side of this cañon was much more precipitous and rocky than the southern, and was lined with cedar trees. Passing over the divide at the head of this cañon, we descended rapidly through another ravine, which gradually widened as it approached Bear River. "About a mile from the summit of the ridge, we found an excellent spring of water on our left gushing out from the foot of a hill which divides the head of the ravine into two branches. "Here we unsaddled and turned out our horses to luxuriate on the rich grass which abounded. "After a short rest we continued down the bottom in a westerly direction for about seven miles, when we reached Bear River Valley. "Following down the river, which here flows in a northerly direction, we passed in about two miles the mouth of Yellow Creek, which empties itself into the river from the West, and some two miles further found the camp of Simonds on that side of the river, "Before reaching his camp Ben came out and met us in a most cordial manner, and took us to an excel- lent camp ground near his lodge. "I met at his lodge a Frenchmen, named Joseph Conois, with whom I was acquainted in Salt Lake City, and from him I obtained the following informa- tion respecting the Mormons: "He stated that last Fall he, with several others, applied to Brigham Young for permission to leave the Valley, but that it was peremptorily refused; that after the arrival of Gov. Cumming in Salt Lake City, he tried at two different times to obtain an interview with him, but was prevented from approaching the house by a guard placed around it for this purpose, in charge of Howard Egan; that a great many of the people had, to his knowledge, in the same way been prevented from seeing the Governor, unless they ob- tained the permission of Brigham Young. The Bish- ops stated in the ward meetings that Gov. Cumming would not be allowed to leave the city for three or four weeks, or until all the families in the city could move away. "All of the settlements north of Ogden City and in Rush and Toele Valleys have been entirely deserted, but the houses, fences, &c., have not been destroyed or injured. "All the loose cattle have been driven south from the vicinity of Salt Lake City and from the northern settlements. The people in these places are moving as rapidly as possible, and concentrating in the neigh- borhood of Provo City, around Utah Lake. "Mr. Conois met Simonds in the city, and came out under his protection. He started about the 17th inst [fourth column] He is not a Mormon, and his statements can be relied upon as true. "Ben Simonds (the second Chief of the tribe of Sho- shonee Indians, of which Little Soldier is the Chief) informed me that there was a party of some ninety Mormons stationed at the head of Echo Cañon, com- manded by Ephraim Hanks; that there were some 200 stationed at the 'fortification' near the mouth of the cañon, and about 300 on Lost Creek, which runs parallel with the cañon about five miles north of it. "I saw some Indians who had visited the aban- doned settlements spoken of by Mr. Conois, and they had in their possession small quantities of flour, grain, &c., which they had found in the houses. They say that the wheat fields look very fine. "I saw, also, twenty-five horses in the possession of some Utes at this camp, which they had stolen from the Mormons; these Little Soldier told me he intended to keep and return to the Mormons when they make peace with the Americans. "The next day (the 26th inst.) I obtained from Simonds four head of excellent beef cattle on good terms. Having no vegetables or other provisions here, he started in the evening for Echo Cañon, for the purpose of getting some for us, which he had left there on his way from the city. "In the morning he had sent an Indian into the cañon for the purpose of ascertaining how the Mor- mons were stationed and whether they knew of the arrival of our party at his camp; but when he started this Indian had not returned. Having accomplished the principal object of my mission, and not seeing any opportunity of taking such steps as would meet with your approval in serving the writs which I hold in my possession, I had determined to start the next day on my return to camp. "That night, however, at about 11 o’clock, we were aroused by the Indian whom Simonds had sent out in the morning, who rode in with his horse reeking with sweat. He told us to jump up immediately, catch our horses and start back, that the Mormons were surrounding us with a large party; upon inquiring into the particulars he told us that upon entering the cañon he met a party of 94 men, well mounted, who inquired of him where that party of Americans were who had reached Bear River the day previous; he fold them that he did not know, that he had not seen them. They told him that he lied, for they had seen them and counted them. "He went about fifteen miles down the cañon, and met two much larger parties who had just come out from Salt Lake City, and these asked him some ques- tions and told him that they intended to wipe out this party of Americans who were on Bear River. Starting back, he met Ben Simonds at the crossing of Yellow Creek, near the head of Echo Cañon, camped with a party of Mormons, and engaged in a violent contro- versy with them about their coming around his camp, and threatening to retain the horses in his possession belonging to the Mormons. Ben took him aside and told him to come to us as quickly as possible, and advise us to start back immediately. Coming toward camp, he passed the advance party of Mormons within five miles of us. "Little Soldier told us that if we stayed he would send for his warriors and defend us, but that he was not desirous of engaging in the quarrel between the Mormons and the Americans, for, once the Indians got started, they could not be restrained. "Seeing that by remaining we would involve our Indian friends in difficulty, and that we could not ac- complish anything by an attempt at resistance, but that it might have a bad effect upon the movements of the Governor, I immediately started, leaving the camp at about midnight, and taking an Indian for our guide, crossed the mountains in a direct line, and reached heie this morning at about 10 o’clock. "Regretting exceedingly these circumstances, which have prevented me from procuring these supplies, which are so important to us, "I remain your obedient servant, "P. R. DOTSON, "United States Marshal for Utah Territory." It appears from this report that, under the pre- tense, no doubt, of protecting Governor Cumming from annoyance and intrdsion, Brigham has sur- rounded him with a vigilant guard, w ho prevent the people from communicating with him and prevent him from obtaining the sentiments of the masses. We know not how the Governor has received these kind attentions of Brigham, nor what may be his impressions, but still, without the least disposi- tion to prejudge him in any respect, we fear very much that he lias been completely blinded by Brigham Young. We are informed that he has been received and acknowledged as Governor of Utah Territory by the Mormons, and yet the mill tia of the Territory, of which he as Governor is Commander-in-Chief, are, contrary to the express terms of the proclamation of His Excellency issued and published last Winter, under arms and in open, hostile array against the army of the United States. There is a contradic- tion somewhere. On the 25th inst., an express arrived in camp from Capt. Marcy. The expressman left him camped some three hundred miles this side of Taos, New-Mexico, where he was awaiting the arrival of Colonel Loring with six companies of mounted riflemen. Capt. Marcy has with him 1,000 mules and about 500 horses, which he had succeeded in purchasing for the use of our command. We expect that he will reach our camp by the ast of May. On the 26th inst., an express was received from Fort Laramie, stating that our provision trains had been detained at Deer Creek (about 100 miles this side of the Fort) to await the arrival of Col. Hoff- man, who was expected to arrive there on the 20th inst., with two companies of the 6th Infantry, two companies of the 1st Cavalry and about 500 mule wagons. These trains will not therefore be able to reach this point before the 20th of May. This evening we were gratified by the intelligence that the parties who were sent out some three weeks since to purchase beef cattle from the traders on the road, have been successful in obtaining 105 head, and that they would reach camp with them in five or six days. This supply will be sufficient, with the dried beef and bacon which we have on hand, to last us until the trains arrive, without hav- ing recourse to mule meat. Preparations are making throughout the camp for an early move, and we hope to be able to take up the line of march for Salt Lake City by the latter part of next month. Since our arrival here, the improvements in and about the fort have been progressing steadily, with a view of making this, for the present at least, a permanent post. Substantial bridges have been built across the streams in the vicinity of the fort, and the roads by which it is approached have been ditched and graveled—an improvement much needed. The fort wall has been repaired and strengthened, and the ditches, or moats, which surround the lunettes at the opposite corners of the fort, have been lined with a most formidable-looking chevaux de frise, formed of cedar trees. We are now favored with delightful Spring weather, and a few April showers has started the grass over the whole country; so that we soon hope to see our poor animals swelling their gaunted forms and fattening on an abundance of food. THE STATE OF MORMONDOM. From Our Own Correspondent, Camp Scott, Fort Bridger, U. T., } Monday, May 6, 1858. } An express arrived in camp this morning from Governor Cumming, with dispatches from his Excellency to Colonel Johnston. The nature of these dispatches has not been made public, but we have obtained the following items of news through the express. The dispatches were dated on the 3d inst. At this time he was about starting for a trip to the southern settlements, in company with Brigham Young. He expected to return to this camp in ten days from the date on which he wrote. On the preceding Sunday Governor Cumming ad- dressed a very large congregation in the Tabernacle in Salt Lake City. He was answered by three of the leaders (we have not been able to obtain their names), who made stirring speeches, setting forth their grievances; one of them got very much excited and made use of very strong language. From the expressmen, Messrs. Richard Hopkins and Henry Lawrence, who are both firm Mormons, we learn that nothing had been accomplished in the way of making a compromise or effecting any ar- rangement of the Mormon question. The Governor had an office at his boarding house (Staine’s), and signed himself as Governor of the Terrirory, but this was a mere form, as he was not acknowledged as such by the people, who still recognized Brigham Young as their leaider in temporal as well as spiritu- al matters. The Governor had traveled extensively in the different settlements, but he was always escorted by some of the church leaders. He was actively engaged in collecting information from the Mor- mons concerning their alleged grievances, and the [fifth column] misconduct of the former Government officials who have been forced upon the Mormons for several years past by the Chief Executive of our Govern- ment. The people were busily engaged packing up and moving south; everything was in an unsettled con- dition. There is a very large body of the Mormon troops (Governor’s militia) on the road between this point and Salt Lake City. Not a single copy of The Deseret News was brought out by the express. It must contain, therefore, arti- cles which they do not wish us to see. This information confirms, in many respects, that obtained by Marshal Dotson on his late visit to Bear River, an account of which we gave in our last letter. It appears that Gov. Cumming has been finally induced to address the people publicly, and that for this purpose he chose the Sabbath day, and ad- dressed them in the Mormon Temple; that he was followed by the heads of the Church, who destroyed any effect which the Governor might have produced upon the minds of the people, and, if the Governor committed himself in any manner, took every ad- vantage of such a committal; that while the Gov- ernor is still there, traveling about, the people are moving before his own eyes in obedience to the dictates of Brigham Young; and that, through the same orders, Mormon troops are stationed on the road to prevent any intercourse between us and the people. We have been shown a slip cut from a New-York paper, containing an editorial giving information to the public, indorsed as trustworthy, from Horace Eldredge, a gentleman of high standing in the Mor- mon Church, in which he takes occasion to insinuate that the statements which we have made in regard to the escape of our friend Dr. Garland Hurt, were fabricated for effect in the States. We regard the whole article, notwithstanding the indorsement, as a tissue of falsehoods. ON THE WAY TO UTAH. From Our Special Utah Correspondent. CAMP IN ASH HOLLOW, May 14, 1858. When I returned to the States last Winter, my compagnon de voyage said to me, as we shook hands at Independence: "Before you have been in the "East three months you will loDg to be back again "upon the Plains." I laughed incredulously, but the prophecy came true, and at the risk of supply- ing to Dr. Holmes a fact in support of his theory that the white settlers of America are assimilating to the red aborigines, here I am, within the period my friend assigned me, again upon the turf at the foot of the hill in Ash Hollow. Lying in this soft sunshine, I do not envy the most luxurious of the Turks the cushions of his divan or his chibouque and Latakia. I challenge the whole Orient to rival the Occidental luxuries I enjoy in my pile of buffalo robes and pipe full of kinnikinnik. In this Arcadia there is an independence of starched collars and tight boots which is delightful after a two months’ sojourn among the conventionalisms of New-York and Boston. If such readers of history as delight to imagine Louis XVI. clad in the leather apron of a lock- smith, or Charles V. puzzling his brains over the machinery of a watch, could only catch some glimpses of the officials of the Utah expedition, I am unable to say how great would be their pleasure. I have seen the Governor of the Territory walking gravely up the road toward his tents, carrying a piece of stove-funnel under each arm; I have seen the Chief Justice cutting the turf for a chimney, and punching the oxen which were drawing logs to build his cabin; the Secretary of State splitting wood; and the United States Attorney and Marshal plastering the walls of their hut with mud. Yes- terday I saw one United States Commissioner, stripped to the buff and riding on horseback, pilot- ing a wagon through a ford across the South Platte which he had discovered by wading; while the other Commissioner, having accomplished the j passage, sat upon a corn-sack on the opposite bank, mending a rent in his pantaloons. These pictures may convince you that the civil offices, at least, in connection with the Utah expedition, are not sinecures. Governor Powell and Major McCulloch reached the southern bank of the South Fork of the Platte on May 9, but the water was too high to permit them to cross at the customary ford. They accord- ingly followed Lieutenant Bryan’s road up the river, ten or twelve miles, exploring for a ford as they went along. We arrived at the old crossing on May 12, and followed their track, overtaking them and fording the river after them on the 13th. The Quartermaster’s mail for the army of Utah, which started from Fort Kearney on May 1, crossed at the same time, after having been detained on the bank more than eight days, during which the water had not fallen two inches. At their present rate of travel, the Commissioners will arrive at Camp Scott about May 27. Gov. Powell states that no express has, to his knowledge, been started from the States to the Army of Utah with orders to Gen. Johnston to await their arrival. A mountaineer whom I met to-day, en route from Fort Laramie to the States, told me that it was re- ported at Laramie that Capt. Marcy, with his herd of mules and train of provisions for the army, had reached the South Platte, on the Cherokee trail, but had stopped at the crossing, either on account of the high water or else to await the arrival of a re- enforcement of riflemen. From Our Special Correspondent. Fort Laramie, N. T., May 18, 1858. The President’s Commissioners, who left Fort Leavenworth on April 25, arrived here yesterday, accompanied by the first weekly mail to Utah Ter- ritory, which started from St. Joseph, Mo., on May 1. They will proceed on their journey to- morrow morning. They bear with them a procla- mation from the President of the United States to the people of Utah, which I have not yet seen, but which is, I presume, by this time published in the States. In my ignorance of its precise cha- racter I forbear from any comment upon it at present; but I am satisfied that if its purport is (as I understand it is) to grant a general amnesty for all offenses against the law committed by the Mormons thus far in their rebellion, it will only ag- gravate the unhappy feeling which the conduct of Gov. Cumming has already excited in his civil as- sociates, and in the entire army. The mails from the Army of Utah, which I have passed on my western route, will have informed you of the state of affairs at Camp Scott and in Salt Lake City up to the 1st of May. You will have heard of the breaking up of the old encampment, and the concentration of the army nearer to Fort Bridger; of Col. Kane’s appearance at the camp; of his communications with Gov. Cumming; of his avoidance of Gen. Johnston; of the investigation made by the latter into his character and his mis- sion, and then of what followed; the entrance of Salt Lake City by Gov. Cumming under a Mormon escort; the refusal of the Chief Justice, the Mar- shal, the Superintendent of Indian Affairs and the Indian Agent to enter with him under such circum- stances; the proffer of provisions by Brigham Young to Gen. Johnston, and the refusal of the latter to accept any favor from any such source. Perhaps, in the States, you have obtained such information concerning the authority with which Col. Kane was clothed by Mr. Buchanan as to be able to entertain more intelligent opinions concerning what has trans- pired than I am able |to form until I arrive again at the field of action. One thing I regard as certain—that unless Gov. Powell and Major McCulloch modify determinations which they have publicly expressed, the course taken by Gov. Cumming will not be attended by such disgrace to the National Government as might otherwise be expected. They are fresh from inter- course with the people of the States, they under- stand the popular feeling on this Mormon question, and I hope that they will represent it. Of course their power is limited. I understand that in their appointment the President undertook to follow the example set by Washington, who appointed Com- missioners in a similar manner with reference to the whisky insurrection in Pennsylvania. If so, they can exercise only advisory authority; but if this is exerted consistently and firmly, it will carry great weight. They will probably reach Camp Scott on the 27th [sixth column] °r 28th of this month, and Gov. Cumming, who is now on a tour through the southern part of the Ter- ritory, accompanied by a Mormon guard, will by that time have returned to the neighborhood of the Great Salt Lake, and will be within their reach. There is no reason to believe that the position of any of the other Territorial officers or of Gen. John- ston will be modified during the interval. I think that I understand the views of all those gentlemen well enough to venture to assert that they will con- sent to no compromise which shall result in releas- ing the Mormons from responsibility for their law- less acts, or in non-fulfillment of the orders under which the army proceeded to Utah, viz: to estab- lish three military posts in the Territory, and to as- sist the civil authorities as a posse comitatus to exe- cute the laws. The state of the supplies of provisions at Camp Scott is undoubtedly alarming. I have beard that upon close investigation the Commissary finds that by an abridgment of the ration there will be food enough to last to the 10th of June; but I have heard also to-day a letter from an officer at Camp Scott, dat- ed on the 5th inst., which stated that by the 20th of this month they will be compelled to kill their mules for meat. Lieutenant-Colonel Hoffman, who is conducting the supplies to the army, cannot by any possibility force them through to the camp before June 15 or 20. He left this post on April 25, with 100 ox and 200 mule teams; but on the 1st of May, while he was at La Bonté, on the Platte River road, he encountered the most severe storm which has been known in this country since 1853. The snow fell breast-deep, and was followed by a pelting rain, which killed his mules by scores. If the Sec- retary of War had not displayed an imbecility in reference to all the arrangements in regard to the Utah expedition of which his predecessor never would have been guilty, the trains which Col. Hoffman is conducting would have been two hundred miles further on their way, and within the reach of Gen. Johnston at this date. As it is, nothing remains to Mr. Floyd but to profit by experience; and it is a lesson earned at a costly price. An effective trans- portation of supplies is by far the most essential requisite to successful military operations in this country, and I know that wiser and more experi- enced officers than any of Mr. Floyd’s intimate associates doubt whether the contracts which he has made for transportation are likely to be exe- cuted in such a manner as to justify the dispatch of so great a force as is now in Utah or under orders to march to that Territory. I have heard of no Mormon depredations upon the road up to this date; but this is owing in part to the care taken by Gen. Johnston to provide strong es- corts to all the mails and bearers of dispatches. His orders are positive that no mail shall pass between Laramie and Camp Scott without the attendance of a military guard sufficient to avert the possibility of attack. Partly for this purpose and partly for other causes, two companies of dragoons were sent by him eastward, which are now with Col. Hoffman, forming a squadron under the command of Capt. Hawes. The Mormons hold constant communica- tion with the States, their expresses passing along the northern bank of the Platte, and reaching the fron- tier at Council Bluffs. In some instances efforts have been made to intercept them, but never with success. About ten days ago one of these expresses came up the road under such circumstances that at- tention was attracted to it, and Col. Hoffman was informed of its passage. He dispatched a detach- ment of cavalry to stop it, but their animals were enfeebled by the storm, and when they struck its track it was so far ahead that pursuit would have been useless. Fort Laramie, N. T., May 18, 1858—P. M. Since I wrote to you this morning I have received a copy of the President’s Proclamation. The gen- eral amnesty which it grants will not be attended with such happy consequences as the President affects to anticipate, unless Brigham Young shall recede somewhat from his position, for it is accom- panied by an expression of determination that the Army of Utah shall remain in the Territory, and Young has repeatedly declared that he will never consent to any adjustment which shall permit them "to camp within his boundary line." The Procla- mation, as a whole, will cause disappointment to every one of the civil associates of Gov. Cumming, and to the entire army. It is a concession on the part of the National Government which they do not expect and for w hich they are not prepared, THE UTAH MESSAGE. To the Senate and House of Representatives: I transmit the copy of a dispatch from Gov. Cum- ming to the Secretary of State, dated at Great Salt City, on the 2d of May, and received at the Depart- ment of State on yesterday. From this there is rea- son to believe that our difficulties with the Territory of Utah have terminated, and the reign of the Con- stitution and the laws has been restored. I congratu- late you on this auspicious event. I lose no time in communicating this information, and in expressing the opinion that there will be no oc- casion to make any appropriations for the purpose of calling into service the two regiments of volunteers authorized by the act of Congress, approved on the 7th of April last, "for the purpose of quelling dis- "turbances in the Territory of Utah, for the protec- "tion of supply and emigrant trains, and the suppres- "sion of Indian hostilities on the frontier." I am the more gratified at this satisfactory intelli- gence from Utah, because it will afford some relief to the treasury at a time demanding from us the strictest economy, and when the question which now arises upon every appropriation is, whether it be of a cha- racter so important and urgent as to brook no delay, and to justify and require a loan, and most probably a tax upon the people to raise the money necessary for its payment. In regard to the regiment of volunteers authorized by the same act of Congress to be called into service for the defense of the frontier of Texas against Indian hostilities, I desire to leave this question to Congrese, observing at the same time that, in my opinion, this State can be defended for the present by the regular troops, which have not yet been withdrawn fr tm its limits. JAMES BUCHANAN. Washington City, June 10, 1858. ----- new page (VMSS792_S3_SS14_B17A_F12_I8_p001.jpg) Evening Journal. THURSDAY, JUNE 17, 1858. We refuse credence to any story that may cross the Plains, hereafter, until it has a basis of reli– able evidence. It is still a question whether the Mormons intend to fight or quit the territory of the United States. Gov. Cumming and Col. Kane induce us to believe that the followers of Brigham Young have at least made a show of re- treating upon Mexico; but then we are not sure that Col. Johnston is not correct in his allegation that Young is playing a shrewd game to deceive Gov. Cumming, and secretly preparing to resist the entrance of our forces into the territory. Gen. Scott is reported to have no faith in the Hegira. ----- new page (VMSS792_S3_SS14_B17A_F13_I1_p001.jpg) New York, Thursday, June 17, 1858. ----- new page (VMSS792_S3_SS14_B17A_F13_I1_p002.jpg) THE PRESENT HEGIRA OF THE MORMONS—A DREADFUL PROSPECT.—There is something fear- fully suggestive of famine, disease and death in the latest intelligence of the general flight southward of the Mormons from the Salt Lake settlement. The whole moveable camp, it ap- pears, had joined in the stampede. Forty thou- sand souls were already on the wing, including numerous almost destitute families, with large numbers of helpless women and children, many of the latter walking barefooted over the desert sands, upon a desert journey of six hundred miles, and to a destination of which they ap- pear to be utterly ignorant. The chances, as between life and death, are fearfully against them. We should not be surprised if five, or even ten thousand, of this moving column of forty thousand souls were to perish before reaching even the junction of the Gila and the Colorado. With the news of the intentions of the gov- ernment last summer, the Saints from Califor- nia, Oregon and the eastern plains were sum- moned to the central camp of the faithful in Salt Lake Valley. Thus large additions were made to their consumers, while their stock of provisions has never been superabundant. Their calculations were to hold the United States army at bay till the Saints had gathered in this year's harvest; but the sudden appear- ance of Governor Cumming at Salt Lake City, and the advancing army behind him on the Plains for the relief of Camp Scott, are the contingencies which appear to have deranged all the estimates of the Prophet, and which seem to have started his people in a hurried retreat, as from the terrors of an avenging enemy. We do not wonder that Governor Cumming regarded this stam- pede with pain and apprehension, nor that his first concern was to arrest it, if possible. The distance from the Salt Lake Valley, even to the Gila river, the first available resting place for a season of so large a body of people as this moving Mormon community, is over five hundred miles. They cannot stop short of this point, in leaving their Utah set- tlements. Over the whole intermediate space they have nothing but deserts and desert moun- tains before them and around them. Already, too, we hear that the hungry desert Indians are hanging upon their flanks. In this view of the matter, therefore, we think that the attention of the administration should now be directed in a spirit of humanity towards these miserable people. If they perish in the deserts, it will be the result of their own folly, we know; but it will scarcely be regarded as a creditable calamity to our government should the result of our well intended policy be left recorded in the bones of five or ten thousand Mormon wo- men and children bleaching upon the desert sands of Utah and New Mexico. ----- new page (VMSS792_S3_SS14_B17A_F13_I2_p001.jpg) PUBLIC LEDGER ? AND DAILY TRANSCRIPT. Philadelphia, Wednesday, June 16, 1858. ----- new page (VMSS792_S3_SS14_B17A_F13_I2_p002.jpg) CONTRADICTORY ACCOUNTS.— The accounts which come from the Mormon country are contra- dictory. Some represent peace as conquered, and some the determination of the Mormons to fight. These reports will continue to come for some time, for there are parties interested in having the war to continue for the profits which it puts in their pockets, and they would not see peace so near at hand. The fact, however, seems well established by credible witnesses, that the Mormons are leaving Salt Lake, and that there will be no collision be- tween them and the troops. The threat that they will assail the soldiers if the latter enter the city before the Mormons leave, is only a part of the game of intimidation which Brigham has been playing all along. He well knows that a collision with the troops will be the entire dispersion of the Mormons, and his hopes are built upon establishing himself more strongly in some other territory than that of the United States, where the government is too just to allow sectarian rule to override the laws —too strong to permit itself to be defied and its authority resisted ----- new page (VMSS792_S3_SS14_B17A_F13_I3_p001.jpg) Evening Journal. WEDNESDAY, JUNE 16, 1858. ----- new page (VMSS792_S3_SS14_B17A_F13_I3_p002.jpg) ?WEDNESDAY, JUNE 16—3 P. M. BY TELEGRAPH. UNITED STATES SENATE. Extra Session. WASHINGTON, June 16.—Only thirty-eight Senators an- swered to their names on calling the roll, this morning. It was voted unanimously to go into secret session, and the galleries were cleared of the spectators, who had assembled in expectation of the debate on the British outrage being resumed. Late and Important from Utah.—Col. Kane on his Way Home. ST. LOUIS, June 15—Col. Thomas L. Kane, from Camp Scott, which he left on the 16th ult., passed Booneville this evening. He reports that Gov. Cum- ming had returned after making an ineffectual attempt to arrest the Mormon hegira to the South. Salt Lake City and the Northern settlements were nearly deserted, a few persons only remaining to guard the buildings. Forty thousand persons are said to be in motion, their trains extending for miles down the valley. The ad- vanced train are already 300 miles distant. To evade answering whither bound, they say they are going South, but it is supposed their destination is Cedar Creek, or some part of Sonora. There were no mules at Camp Scott. The party met Col. Hoffman’s train 20 miles from Platte bridge. Gen. Johnston intended awaiting the arrival of the Peace Commissioners at Camp Scott. The Indians are annoy- ing the Mormons, whom they call squaws, because they won’t fight. Brigham Young delivered the great seal, the records, &c., which were supposed to have been de- stroyed, to Gov. Cumming. The recent heavy rains had extended far West, and all the streams were full. ----- new page (VMSS792_S3_SS14_B17A_F13_I4_p001.jpg) EVENING BULLETIN. WEDNESDAY, JUNE 16, 1858. ----- new page (VMSS792_S3_SS14_B17A_F13_I4_p002.jpg) ? WASHINGTON, Tuesday, June 15. The War Department laid Gen. Johnston’s des- patches before the Cabinet to-day. The President is much perplexed by the contradiction these des- patches give to those received from Gov. Cum- ming, and expresses his regret at what he now considers his premature message to Congress, an- nouncing the end of the Mormon rebellion. Gen. Scott, who is still here and in good health ----- new page (VMSS792_S3_SS14_B17A_F13_I5_p001.jpg) The Mormons. Emulatin Mahomet in more ways than one, Brigham Young has commenced a Hegira,and he and his followers, with their wives and families, their cattle and their household goods, have evacuated Salt Lake City and gone to the South. The very indefinitness of this phrase is a proof that they intend to make a new set- tlement, whether in territory of the United States or Mexico, it is impossible to say. One fact, however, is settled and is encouraging. There is no danger of any fighting in Utah, and the new government of the Territory is fully and securely established. Col. T. L. Kane, who appears to have been the prominent and efficient negotiator in the recent events in Utah, is on his way home, and will doubtless bring full particulars. It is to be hoped that he will be able to tell what are the plans of the Mormons and where they intend to settle them- selves—whether in present or in future terri- tory of the United States, that is to say, in Arizona or in part of Mexico. In either case, they will again give trouble to our govern- ment, and we therefore hope they will conclude to go to South America, or to some island of the Pacific, or to some portion of the British or Russian possessions of this continent. ----- new page (VMSS792_S3_SS14_B17A_F13_I6_p001.jpg) [page is torn] EWS OF PEACE IN UTAH CON- FIRMED. [-]orrespondence of The Press.] CAMP SCOTT, ABOVE FORT BRIDGER, U. T., May 1st, 1858. Within the last month the Mormon imbroglio has assumed a new form. You will have learned before this reaches you, that Governor Cumming is in Salt Lake City; he left camp for that city on April 5th, with two of his hired men. The Governor had no assurance from any source of a favorable reception. He was acting in pursuance of a policy well and maturely considered, and therefore de- cided it to be his imperative duty to make the effort in person to assume the Magistracy of Utah, and, in fact, to endeavor to have his proclamation read in Salt Lake City, the seat of Government, where the Mormon people are chiefly concentrated. This people are, and have been, in a state of rebellion; all Governments would have justified the United States in resorting at once to the military alterna- tive. The rebellion is one of peculiar grossness. If Governor Cumming succeed in honorably adjust- ing the entangled state of things, without in any manner compromising the honor and dignity of our Government, and without the aid of the mili- tary, he will merit the approbation of every true patriot. Whilst he has no compromises to make with any, and will take nothing but the uncon- ditional surrender of the guilty to the require- ments of the law, he will by no means turn a deaf ear to the prayer of the innocent, but afford all such protection, and give the guilty a fair trial. The moral tendency in the end, by such a course, would, in my opinion, be more effectual in bring- ing these insane people to a state of sanity than a more ultra course. The Governor, on his arrival at Salt Lake City, met with a favorable reception, and was acknow- ledged by all as the Governor of the Territory. He is still in "Salt Lake Valley," and has been once heard from officially. How he is progressing now is not known. Previous to his arrival in the city, Mormon families were daily leaving; the emigration has stopped since—so says report. There are many reports adverse to the Governor’s policy. My own opinion is, that the Governor is suc- ceeding. The Mormons, through well-managed deception, succeeded on several occasions in mis- leading high officials, and kept their tottering sys- tem from falling. But the day of reckoning has come—the hand-writing is on the wall. The Mor- mons will not impose on Governor Cumming; he is the very man for this contingency; he possesses a high order of intellect, a classical and practical education; large experience of men and things, and above all, is honest, patriotic, and true. The army is in fine condition, but cannot move until about the first of June, on account of stock. What stock there is in fine condition. Captain Marcy will be here from New Mexico, with one thousand mules and two hundred horses. Col. Hoffman is between this and Fort Laramie, with reinforce- ments and considerable extra stock. He is within twenty days of this. There is, also, a large quan- tity of provisions on the road, on this side of La- ramie. The provisions will be needed in thirty days. The weather has been very changeable; there has been, during the last five days, consi- derable snow; it, of course, disappears soon. I am now writing (11 o’clock A. M.) in my tent, without fire, and am uncomfortably warm. Yes- terday, snow fell at least five inches, and very cold. Notwithstanding this variableness in the atmosphere, it is perfectly healthy. The same condition would, in the middle States at least, produce sickness. All are anxious to proceed to Salt Lake City, although our encampment could not be bettered. I am anxiously and confidently looking for the Governor within five days. Almost every State is represented here; good old Penn- sylvania (God bless her!) has only about ten of a representation. Your good city has two noble representatives, Captain Neill and H. Clinton. If I have time, I will send you a letter in the next mail, about the 15th—this goes by private hands. Mail irregularities are our chief annoyance; the mail should arrive the first of every month—it comes about twice in three months, and then scarcely half the papers. Your Daily Press, every Monday morning, would be a very accept- able "good morning." Truly your friend, UTAH. ----- new page (VMSS792_S3_SS14_B17A_F13_I7_p001.jpg) THE LATEST NEWS BY TELEGRAPH. PRESIDENT’S MESSAGE ON UTAH AFFAIRS. He Considers the Difficulties Terminated. NO OCCASION FOR THE VOLUNTEERS. GOVERNOR CUMMING’S COMMUNICATION TO SECRETARY CASS. WASHINGTON, June 10—A message was received by Congress to-day, from the President, enclosing a copy of the despatch from Governor Cumming. dated May 2, re- ceived at the State Department yesterday. From the tenor of this despatch, the President says he has reason to believe that our difficulties with Utah have terminated, and the laws been restored. He congratulates Congress on this auspicious event, and he expresses the opinion that there is no occasion to make an appropriation for the three regiments of volunteers recently authorized for the purpose of quell- ing the disturbances in Utah, and for the protection of emigrant trains and supplies. Texas can be defended by the regular troops now within her limits. The President is more gratified because the events in Utah will afford some relief to the Treasury, and not require a loan and an additional taxation on the peo- ple. In the letter to Secretary Cass, Gov. Cumming says he left the camp on the 5th of April, en route to Salt Lake City, accompanied by Col. Kane as his guide, and two servants. In passing through the settlements, he was greeted with such respectful attentions as were due to the representative of the Executive authority of the United States in a Territory. Near the Warm Springs, at a line dividing the Great Salt Lake from Davis county, he was honored with a formal and respectful reception by many gentlemen, including the Mayor and municipal officers of the city, and by them escorted to lodgings previously prepared, the Mayor occupying a seat at his side in the carriage. Ex-Governor Young paid him a visit of ceremony as soon as he was sufficiently relieved from the fatigue of his journey to receive company. In a subsequent in- terview, ex-Governor Young evinced a willingness to afford him every facility he might require for the efficient performance of his administrative duties. Brigham Young’s course in this respect, Governor Cumming fancied, met with the entire approval of a majority of the Salt Lake community. The territorial seal, with other public property, was tendered to Governor Cumming by William H Hooper, the late acting Secretary of the Territory. The records and library remain unimpaired. Governor Cumming entered upon the performance of his official duty. With feelings of profound regret he learned that the agent, Mr. Hurt, was charged with having incited to acts of hostility the Indians in the Vinta Valley. The information came from Mr Hooper. He hoped that Mr. Hurt could vindicate himself from the charges, yet they demand an investigation. Governor Cumming had informed General Johnston that he should probably be compelled to make a requi- sition for a sufficient force to chastise the Indians At every point he was r cognised as the Governor of Utah, and received with a military salute, the houses being illuminated in his honor. Having heard numerous complaints, Gov Cumming caused public notice to be posted, signifying his readi- ness to relieve those who deemed themselves aggrieved by being illegally restrained of their liberty, and as- suring the protection of all persons He kept his of- fice open at all hours, night and day, and registered fifty-six men, and thirty-three women, and seventy-one children, as desirous of his protection, and evincing their disposition of proceeding to the United States. A large majority of these people were of English birth, and were promised assistance to be removed. Governor Cumming says that his visit to the taber- nacle will never be forgotten. There were between three and four thousand persons assembled for the pur- pose of public worship. There was the most profound silence when he appeared. Brigham Young introduced him as the Governor of Utah, and Governor Cumming addressed them for half an hour, telling them that it was his purpose to uphold the Constitution, and that he would expect their obedience to all lawful authority, as- suring them of his determination to administer equal and exact justice, etc. He was listened to respectfully. He invited responses, and several spoke, referring in excited tones to the murder of Joseph Smith, to the services rendered by the Mormon battalion in the Mexican war, and recapitulated a long chapter of their wrongs. The tumult fearfully increased, but an appeal from Brigham Young restored calmness. Several afterward expressed regret at their behavior. Governor Cumming proceeds to describe the exodus of the Mormons. The people, including the inhabitants of Salt Lake, in the northern part of the Territory, are leaving; the roads are everywhere filled with wagons loaded with provisions and household furniture, the women and children following after without shoes or hats, driving their flocks they know not where They seemed not only content but cheerful. It is the will of the Lord, they say, and they rejoice to change the comforts of home for the trials of the wil- derness. Their ultimate destination was not fixed upon. Going south seemed to be sufficient to designate the place, but from the private remarks of Young in his tabernacle, Governor Cumming thinks that they are going to Sonora. Brigham Young, Kimball, and most of the influential men, had left their commodious mansions to swell the ranks of the emigrants The masses everywhere an- nounced to Governor Cumming that the torch will be applied to every house indiscriminately, throughout the country, as soon as the troops attempt to cross the mountains. The people, though scattered, every means would be taken to rally them. Some of the Mormons are yet in arms, and the Governor speaks of the mis- chief they are capable of rendering as guerillas. The way for the emigrants to the Pacific is open. Governor Cumming says that he would leave for the south on the 3d of May. He says that he will restrain all the proceedings of the military for the present, and until he shall receive additional instructions from the President. ----- new page (VMSS792_S3_SS14_B17A_F14_I1_p001.jpg) The Utah Rebellion. The President considers the difficulty with the Mormons settled. He has intelligence that Gov. Cumming has been well received at Salt Lake city—that the followers of Brig- ham Young were emigrating southward, and that there was a fair prospect that the supre- macy of the Federal government would soon be recognised in Utah. It may please some people of pacific views that the President has seen fit to pursue what they call a mild, mer- ciful policy towards the rebellious Mormons. But it is at least questionable whether, after such a protracted defiance of the government —after causing the expenditure of millions, and the severe sufferings of an army of our soldiers—the proclamation of a general am- nesty to the rebels does not partake of the nature of "compounding a felony." And it may be further said that the wisdom of allow- ing Brigham Young to retire with his people to another portion of our territory, to estab- lith another “Deseret” which may more suc- cessfully resist the Federal authorities, is difficult to perceive. Can such a settlement of this question be considered honorable to the national government, and conducive to the interests of peace? Evening Journal. FRIDAY, JUNE 11, 1858. same steamer. ----- new page (VMSS792_S3_SS14_B17A_F14_I2_p001.jpg) Additional from Utah. ARRIVAL OF THE SALT LAKE MAIL. [From the St. Joseph (Mo.) Journal, June 14.] The Salt Lake mail arrived in this city yesterday, about noon. We are indebted to the conductor, Mr. James E. Bromley, for the following particulars:— The mail left Camp Scott on the 20th of May. Governor Cumming had been escorted into Salt Lake City by the Mormons, kindly treated, and then escorted back to Gen. Johnston's command. He was at Camp Scott at the time the mail left. The Mormons were moving their women and chi dren out of the city to Pravo, about forty-five miles south, in the valley. The Mormons said they would surrender to the civil officers, but the troops should not enter. Seventy families of Mormons had arrived at Camp Scott asking protection. Gen. Johnston received them kindly, and promised them an escort into the States. Gen. Johnston’s command had only two days’ rations in camp when the mail left. The men had been living on eight ounces of flour and one half pound of beef per day for two weeks past. They had suffered greatly through the winter both for food and raiment. Gen. Johnston intended entering Salt Lake City as soon as Col Hoffman arrived, leaving enough men to garri- son Fort Bridger. Coming in, the party met Captain Haws, of the Second dragoons, with 250 head of beef cattle, at Ham’s Fork, only fifteen miles this side of Camp Scott; met Lieut. Smith, Second dragoons, on Green river, fifty miles this side, travelling at the rate of forty- eight miles per day; and seventy-five miles further on, at the east crossing of Big Sandy, met Col. Hoffman’s com- mand with full supplies; met Col. Andrews of the Sixth infantry, at the crossing of South Platte; Col. Sumner, of the First cavalry, at Oak Grove, on the Little Blue; Col. May, at Big Blue, and the last troops, Second dragoons, at Nemaha. Mr. Bromley, the conductor, reports the road in an aw- ful condition. Several of the streams were scarcely ford- able. Grass good. A passenger came in from Fort La- ramie. The only Indians heard of on the route was a war party of forty-five Arrapahoes, on the Little Blue. The mail party passed there in the night and consequently did not see the Indians. Mr. Bromley reports that he met Col. Kane and party coming on as he passed out with the mail, two hundred and sixty miles this side of Camp Scott. He went on to Camp Scott, remained the whole of one day, and then returned, arriving only one day behind Col. Kane, notwithstanding he had to lay by a day and travelled five hundred and twenty miles further. Mr. Bromley, coming in, some days travelled as far as eighty- five miles, and averaged over sixty-five miles the whole trip—having come through from Fort Bridger to this city in precisely sixteen days, which is the quickest trip on re- cord. He is justly entitled to the reputation of being the Aubrey of the present day. VIGILANCE COMMITTEE IN KANSAS The following ----- new page (VMSS792_S3_SS14_B17A_F14_I3_p001.jpg) The Press. FRIDAY, JUNE 11, 1858. IMPORTANT FROM UTAH. The special correspondence of THE PRESS from Fort Scott, dated May 1, 1858, foresha- dows the result of which the abstract of the Message of the President, received, by telegraph, at one o’clock this morn- ing, so forcibly speaks. We congratulate the Administration upon this auspicious conclusion of the Mormon complication. Dif- fering from that Administration on one im- portant issue, we are happy to approve the policy of the President in regard to this Mormon question—believing, as we do, that but for its vigorous measures in re- ference to this complication, and its early and ample recognition of Colonel KANE'S volunteer mission, this unhappy difficulty might have festered for years. We are abundantly gratified, also, over the fact that all the rumors as to the continuance of the Mormon war, and the defeat of Colonel KANE'S noble enterprise, have proved to be false. As citizens of Pennsylva- nia we have good reason to be proud of the patriotic efforts of our townsman, THOMAS LEIPER KANE. ----- new page (VMSS792_S3_SS14_B17A_F14_I4_p001.jpg) THE MORMONS—WHAT WILL BRIGHAM YOUNG DO?—It is an ascertained fact that the bluster- ing Mormon Prophet has admitted without re- sistance, into Salt Lake City, the new Governor appointed to supersede him. Having consented to this, it strikes us that nothing remains to Brigham but a complete surrender to the government, or an early stampede or exodus of the Mormon establishment to some New Jerusa- lem. The great trouble with the Mormon Pro- phet and his brethren, possessed of a large plu- rality of wives, is the approaching army. Some two years ago an army detachment passing through Salt Lake City was joined by some sixty or seventy strong minded women, who seized this opportunity for an escape from Mor- monism and followed the troops to California. What, then, would be likely to follow the irrup- tion from a long desert march into the Holy City of three thousand gallant soldiers, fully impressed with the belief that the poly- gamy of the Saints is nothing more than a horrid system of despotic concubinage and female slavery ? Very likely the harem of the immaculate Prophet himself would soon be despoiled of its most beautiful doves. This, then, is the vulnerable point with the Mormon hierarchy, and they may rely upon it that they do not overestimate their danger. We understand that it is the settled purpose of the government to keep a permanent force of regular troops in Salt Lake City. It is impossi- ble that such a force, without wives, can long remain upon terms of harmony with the Mor- mon ecclesiastics, who have their five, ten, twenty, fifty and sixty wives apiece, and many of them ripe for "a revolt in the harem." Brigham Young knows this, and will have dis- covered that his only alternative for the safety of his plurality system is to pull up stakes as soon as possible and clear out. In this view we should not be surprised if Brigham had de- liberately made up his mind to treat for the sale of the property of the faithful of his people which they cannot take away, and for their right of way out of the territories of the United States, bag and baggage. Their next destina- tion will most probably be Sonora, in Mexico, for there they may encamp either with or with- out the concurrence of the government. In that direction lies their most feasible route of escape; and there, convenient to the Gulf of California, they will be conveniently situated for removal, should a safe and permanent rest- ing place be found—for instance, in Central America or South America, or in some cluster of unappropriated islands in the Pacific Ocean. From the inevitable necessities of their position Brigham Young and his twelve apostles, seventy elders, and other plu- rality favorites of his patriarchal despot- ism, must consent to the breaking up of their harems, or to a prompt evacuation of the territories of the United States. Unquestiona- bly he will adopt the latter alternative. Many of his oppressed, robbed and outraged followers may prefer to remain behind, as seceders from Mormonism and as good citizens. Should he delay his departure until after the arrival of the army in the Holy City, these seceders may constitute a very respectable number of his peo- ple; but should he act at once he will not have ----- new page (VMSS792_S3_SS14_B17A_F14_I4_p002.jpg) NEW YORK HERALD, FRIDAY, MAY 21, 1858. a rebellion so formidable to deal with in his own camp. We are, therefore, fully prepared for a definite treaty for the complete evacuation of Utah by the Mormon leaders, and as many of their followers as they can at once take away, the rest to bring up the rear as soon as the pioneer camp shall have found a new location. ----- new page (VMSS792_S3_SS14_B17A_F14_I5_p001.jpg) “THE MORMON QUESTION. [For the Omaha Times.] ELKHORN, May 5, 1858. Mr. EDITOR: In your paper of a late date, I find an article under this heading, signed "Fair Warning," which attracted my attention. I think your correspondent has overrated the danger to be feared from the Mormons, but some of the facts stated by him are known to many. Here in Elkhorn we are directly upon the route for Salt Lake, and can form a fair estimate of the number of Mormons now crossing the plains. I can state of my own knowledge that the Mormon emigration this season is very large—at this point there is hardly an hour in the day when there is not a Mormon train in sight. These trains in most cases will be composed of from ten to twenty men—but some are larger, and one has been known to contain one hundred and sixty men. No wo- men or children are seen with the trains—they do not encumber themselves with any baggage except that the most necessary. Horses and mules are used almost en- tirely—oxen more rarely—and hand-carts not at all. The desire seems to be to move in the most speedy man- ner. In conversation with an intelligent Mormon a day or two since, he stated that the number of Mormons which would during this season cross the plains, would be fully equal to the number of troops in the Utah army. This large number of enthusiasts, armed and equipped as they are, and strong enough in themselves to give battle to the troops of the United States, will be no slight addition to the defensive force of Brigham Young. These trains are all well supplied with guns, pistols, and ammunition. Whether they propose to make any attempt to annoy Uncle Sam by cutting off some of the supply trains, now on the way to Utah, or to commence no offensive opera- tions before joining their brethren in Salt Lake, remains to be seen. Is it not greatly desirable that these trains should be stopped, and these reinforcements for Salt Lake deviated from their course? It evidently is so—and I think that if the attention of the President was called to this mat- ter, a body of U. S. troops would be stationed at this point immediately, with directions to examine all trains proceeding West, and to detain such as might seem to be endeavoring to give "aid and comfort" to the Mormon rebels. H. THE NAVY OF THE UNITED STATES. ----- new page (VMSS792_S3_SS14_B17A_F14_I6_p001.jpg) ? MOVEMENTS OF THE MORMONS. It is not a little significant that no official confir- mation has yet been received at Headquarters or at the War Department of the recent news of the re- ported capitulation of the Mormons. It is not doubt- ed, we believe, by the officers of the government, that Governor Cumming has entered Salt Lake City by invitation of the Mormon leaders; but the rest of the budget of news purporting to have ar- rived in connexion with the intelligence of the gov- ernor's movement is not credited in official quarters. Whether the alleged entrance of Governor Cum- ming into Salt Lake City was intended by the Mor- mon leaders as a ruse de guerre upon Congress in the expiring fortnight of its session and as a basis for erecting the fabric of false intelligence which has come along with it, designed for the deception of Con- gress; or, whether the measure was resorted to by those leaders to subserve some local purpose of do- mestic discipline and deception, is yet to be ascer- tained. But while no confirmation of the pacific news has been received here, a great abundance of belligerent news is constantly arriving. As a sample of the news of this sort which is coming to the officers of government in this city, we publish the following, which is selected, because the writer of the letter from Nebraska Territory is personally known and implicitly confided in by the public functionary to whom it is addressed, and by whom we are permit- ted to copy it: FONTENELLE, DODGE COUNTY, NEBRASKA TERRITORY, May 19, 1858. * * * * Accompanying I enclose to you a communication, clipped from one of our territorial papers, the author I know not. I send it to you because it im- bodies facts concerning the Mormon emigration this sea- son across the plains. Trains, as there described, are daily passing up the Platte valley (north side route) and will continue so, probably, until late in June. This route is the regular, or old "Mormon trail," and if, after resting at their rendezvous, some seventy miles to the westward of this, they conclude to continue on their march to Salt Lake, the route they travel will be a different one from that pursued by the army—unless, perchance, many frontiersmen anticipate, they occasionally cross over to the military route to attack and plunder trains, &c. At their rendezvous I learn there are about one thou- sand fighting men, already, and that, of late, mounted companies are starting for Utah. They go well prepared for "fighting," and "quick service." I trust you will pardon the liberty I take in thus calling your attention to a matter of some concern to us of the frontier, and which may be eventually of interest to the War Department. ----- new page (VMSS792_S3_SS14_B17A_F14_I7_p001.jpg) WASHINGTON CITY. TUESDAY MORNING, JUNE 1, 1858. FROM UTAH AND THE MORMONS. [From the Los Angeles Vineyard, April 24th.] Inetlligence has been received in this city from Utah that the Mormons had evacuated Salt Lake City about the middle of March, and that the United States troops were about to enter the city and occupy it as a military post. This report undoubtedly came from Salt Lake City about the time stated, but, from a comparison of dates, we are compelled to discredit it. [Correspondence of the Alta Californian.] LOS ANGELES, April 23d. There is some very interesting news from Utah. It comes through a party arrived at San Bernardino in buck- skin dresses on the 20th inst. In the party were Messrs. D. Clark, D. Starks, Jo Matthews, and others, recent residents of San Bernardino, and several old residents of Salt Lake. Colonel Kane, who appears to be acting as commis- sioner, with powers to treat, after a conference with Brig- ham Young, had gone to Camp Scott, as Fort Bridger is now called. It was believed that the movements which followed were the results of his conferences with the con- flicting parties. Brigham Young has issued a circular to all his followers, commanding them not to fight, nor even to oppose the army of Gen. Johnston, and that as the army advances they retire from the northern to the southern counties. He commands his people to avoid all contact with the soldiers, as it is not good for them to meet. With their wives, their little ones, and their herds, they are to vacate the country of Salt Lake inclu- ding the city, which is to be given up to the use of the soldiers, who are there ordered to erect a military post. This circular was seen and read by these gentlemen, but they did not bring one of them on. When they left the movement had already begun, and they assert that by this time the city is vacated, and the army of Gen. Cumming is in occupation. All thoughts of war or of fighting are abandoned, and it is believed that peace will prevail from this time forth. There no longer exists among them any intention of de- stroying their property or leaving it, believing that for all losses they sustain in consequence of the occupation by the troops they will have a claim upon the govern- ment. The retiring population are to form colonies in the South, upon the Colorado, the Mohave, and in the val- leys of the Sierra Nevada. Many of those who left San Bernardino were badly treated in Salt Lake because they “came from hell.’’ It is said that the people have ceased to use sugar, tea, coffee, and other articles which are considered indispensa- ble in housekeeping, because these things are not to be had. There is also said to be a scarcity of material for women’s clothing, and many of them go dressed in pants and coats. The people of the southern settlements are almost in open rebellion against the church. They are taxed so enormous for the support of their army that their sub- stance is nearly eaten up. The tax amounts to 33 per cent. of their whole property. These facts are discredited from the fact that they come through Mormons. The next two weeks will verify or disprove them. [From the San Francisco Globe, May 4.] From private advices received in this city we under- stand that the Mormons are actually engaged in erecting extensive fortifications on the trail towards Oregon, some hundreds of miles north of Salt Lake. We are told that at one of these forts one hundred men are constantly en- gaged, and that other positions are also being marked out and fortified. This looks like an emigration north- ward, and a determined resistance to an "enemy in the rear." ----- new page (VMSS792_S3_SS14_B17A_F15_I1_p001.jpg) PRICE TWO CENTS [Column 1] IMPORTANT FROM UTAH. Reported Recognition of Gov. Cumming's Au- thority by Brigham Young. Attempts of the Mormons to Humbug the Governor. Deplorable Condition of Gen. John- ston's Troops. THE WHOLE ARMY LIVING ON MULE MEAT. Snow Storms and a Short Supply of Blankets. Important Proclamation of President Buchanan. PROGRESS OF THE SPECIAL COMMISSIONERS. THE ROUTE TO UTAH, &c. &c. &c. THE LATEST NEWS FROM SALT LAKE CITY AND CAMP SCOTT. ST. LOUIS, June 8, 1858. The Republican's Leavenworth correspondent learns from a man who left Camp Scott on the 8th of May that the troops would be out of beef by the 16th, but that their other rations would last till the 1st of June. No deapatches had been received in the campe from Governor Cumming, and nothing had been heard from Captain Marcy. The latter was expected to reach the camp about the 1st of June. Colonel Hoffman's command was snowbound at La- boute Creek, eighty miles beyond Fort Laramie. The most advanced trains of Messrs. Russell, Majors and Waddell were met near the South Platte. The trains were getting along finely until they reached the Big Blue, where heavy rains had caused serious obstructions. A Mormon named Williams, living near Leavenworth, had received a letter dated Salt Lake City, May 8, whick represents everything quiet in the valley. Gov. Cum- ming was in the city at that date, and the people had aban- doned all idea of fighting, and gone to work on their farms. The independence correcpondent of the Republican, writing on June 4, says that the Salt Lake mail of April 18 had arrived, bringing news that an express had reached Camp Scott from Governor Cumming, stating that he had been well received at Salt Lake City—that Brigham Young was willing to transfer all authority, and had enjoined his followers to recognise Cumming as their future Governor and aid him in the discharge of his duties. SPECIAL CORRESPONDENCE OF THE NEW VORK HERALD. SUFFERING CONDITION OF GENERAL JOHNSTON'S ARMY—COLONEL HOFFMAN'S COMMAND, ETC. FORT LARAMIE, May 18, 1858. An express has just arrived from General Johnston's command, bringing us news up to the 6th instant. A let- ter bearing that date, written by an officer there, holds the following language:—"We are still existing, not living." * * * "Duties are harder here and accommo- dations poorer than I ever knew them to be before. We are considered lucky if we get two out of every three nights in bed. An express has just arrived from Salt Lake City, telling us that our Governor (Cumming) had started for the southern portion of Mormondom, and would not, in all probablility, return here before ten days. He has been with the Mormons now over a month, and it is reported, and believed too, that he is making every exertion to patch up a compromise. A compromise with those who destroyed the food for which we are now suf- fering—especially, since on the 20th of this month we will commence to kill the muels to keep our animal ex- istence from being extinguished—is not regarded with much favor in the army. There is some truth in the as- sertion made by a member of Congress, that the 'army was a pampered herd of paid beggars.' "It is snowing now, and has been for the last twenty-four hours, with the prospect of its continuing at least twenty- four more. All this is dreary indeed for men who have only one blanket to cover them." It appears that Colonel Kane, the mysterious individual who went through California in such sweaty haste to Salt Lake, has succeeded in getting Governor Cumming into the hands and under the influence of the Latter Day Saints. Young has probably done with Mr. Cumming as he did with the Governors previously sent out there— bent him to his will, and then made a tool out of him. Brigham is an able, artful man; he has labored to get a misunderstanding—a conflict between the civil and mili- tary authorities, and it seems has succeeded only too well. Gov. Cumming is said to have asked Johnston for an escort to enter Salt Lake City, and Johnston is reported to have answered, "If you mean by an escort the army, it is at your service; but if you mean twenty men, not one shall stir. The army was sent out to accompany you into Salt Lake City—it is your legitimate escort." The consequence, per report—a band of Danites escorted the Governor to the holy city of the Saints. There are many stories told in regard to a difference of opinion between the civil and military authorities, but as they are alto- gether unreliable, they do not merit notice. Young will doubtless attempt to arrange with Gov. Cumming so that the army may not enter this modern Babylon; then, as soon as the army is gone, the Governor will find he had better follow their example. Many suppose that Col. Kane was sent out by the fede- ral government to treat with the Mormons. I think it is a well established fact that he has no more authority to treat with them than any other citizen in the United States has. The question whether Kane is a Mormon is a good deal discussed; that he is a strong friend of the Mormons is beyond a doubt. Elder John Hyde, Jr., in his "Mormonish: its Leaders and Designs," on page 146, holds this language:— "Fillmore, by the advice and in- tercession of Col. Kane, who had embraced Mormonsim in Iowa, appointed Brigham as the Governor of Utah, for the first term of four years." Elder Hyde is good authority. Some suppose that the Utah Commissioners will make peace with the Mormons. It is to be hoped they will do so, but they will be parties to no peace that does not admit the United States troops into Utah and Salt Lake City as freely as into any other part of the United States, nor will they favor peace on any conditions that do not secure the execution of the laws and the constitution of the United States. The commissioners cannot be said to have been sent to negotiate peace with a rebellious province; they are rather messengers sent by the head of the nation to tell his uncivil subjects distinctly that if they don't behave themselves—do so and so—he will chastise them till they do. It is, of course, the duty of these messengers to convince the revolters of this fact; doing that, they succeed—failing ot do that, so fails their mission. The nation need fear no dishonor at the hands of the men composing this commission. It has frequently been stated in the press that an ex- press has been sent to General Johnston (left Fort Levenworth on the 13th ult.) to prevent him from enter- ing Salt Lake City or commencing operations against the Mormons. I believe this is not so. An express was sent on to General Johnston informing him how matters and things stood here, and giving some general instructions but there was nothing which could prevent him from entering Salt Lake City or pursuing active military opera tions, should he deem it necessary or even advisable to do so. We have intelligence from Colonel Hoffman's com- mand up to the 15th inst. It was then seventy miles west of here, on the banks of a creek, waiting for the fall- ing of the water. It has been just twenty-three days since he left this place. At that rate of advance, what time will he relieve the half famished army of Utah? From the letter above quoted it will be seen that John- ston's men begin to eat mule steak day after to-morrow, with little or no bread. Colonel Hoffman's command, without being stayed by any more streams, cannot relieve the Utah army much, if any, before they have been living on the miserable tough flesh of poor mules twenty days. If ambitious Brigham apsires to military exploits there will be unfortunately a chance for him to make a good strike. The attempt might cost him dearly, however, as Johnston's men are reported to lean towards [Column 2] Salt Lake City, saying they would sooner fight than starve to death; yea, they would sooner fight than go with empty bellies. On the last day of April and the first of May Col. Hoffman experienced a severe snow storm. About two feet of snow fell. Col. Hoffman's men have stood the cold and snow very well, but the animals have suffered severlly; on hun- dred and fifty mules are said to have been lost. It is now snowing very fast as this post, and has been for the last two hours; it will probably turn into rain be- fore it is over. All the streams are very high; there has been a great deal of rain in this region this spring. The Utah Commissioners arrived here yesterday shortly after noon; they will change two or three mules here and go on to-day. This post is very destitute of supplies. They were unable to get corn for their animals here, so they will not be able to travel as fast in the future as they have done heretofore. I send you herewith a copy of the President's proclama- tion to the Mormons, as it may not have been published in the States yet. It indicates the line of policy to be pur sued by the Commissioners:— BY JAMES BUCHANAN, PRESIDENT OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA: A PROCLAMATION. Whereas, the Territory of Utah was settled by certain emigrants from the States and from foreign countries, who have for several years past manifested a spirit of insubordination to the constitution and laws of the United States. The great mass of those settlers, acting under the influence of leaders to whom they seem to have surrendered their judgment, refuse to be controlled by any other authority. They have been often advised to obedience, and these friendly counsels have been answered with defiance. Officers of the federal government have been driven from the Ter- ritory for no offence but an effort to do their sworn duty. Others have been prevented from going there by threats of assassination. Judges have been violently interrupted in the performance of their functions, and the records of the courts have been seized and either destroyed or con- cealed. Many other acts of unlawfull violence have been perpertrated, and the right to repeat them has been openly claimed by the leading inhabitants, with at least the silent acquiescence of nearly all the others. Their hos- tility to the lawful government of the country has at length become so violent that no officer bearing a com- mission from the chief magistrate of the Union can enter the Territory or remain there with safety; and all the officers recently appointed have been unable to go to Salt Lake or anywhere else in Utah beyond the immediate power of the army. Indeed, such is believed to be the condition to which a strange system of terrorism has brought the inhabitants of that region, that no one among them could express an opinion favorable to this govern- ment, or even propose to obey its laws, without exposing his life and property to peril. After carefully considering this state of affairs, and ma- turely weighing the obligation I was under to see the laws faithfully executed, it seemed to me right and proper that I should make such use of the military force at my disposal as might be necessary to protect the federal officers in going into the Territory of Utah, and in performing their duties after arriving there. I accordingly ordered a detachment of the army to march for the City of Salt Lake, or within reach of that place, and to act in case of need as a posse for the enforcement of the laws. But, in the meantime, the hatred of that misguided people for the just and legal authority of the government had become so intense that they resolved to measure their military strength with that of the Union. They have organized an armed force far from contemptible in point of numbers, and trained it, if not with skill, at least with great assiduity an perse- verance. While the troops of the United States were on their march, a train of baggage wagons, which happened to be unprotected, was attacked and destroyed by a por- tion of the Mormon forces, and the provisions and stores with which the train was laden were wantonly burnt. In short, their present attitude is one of decided and unre- served enmity to the United States and to all their loyal citizens. Their determination to oppose the authority of the government by military force has not only been ex- pressed in words, but manifested in overt acts of the most unequivocal character. Fellow citizens of Utah, this is rebellion against the gov- ernment to which you owe allegiance. It is levying war against the United States, and involves you in the guilt of treason. Persistence in it will bring you to condign pun- ishment, to ruin and to shame; for it is mere madness to suppose that, with your limited resources, you can suc- cessfully resist the force of this great and powerful nation. If you have calculated upon the forbearance of the United States—if you have permitted yourselves to sup- pose that this government will fail to put forth its strength and bring you to submission—you have fallen into a grave mistake. You have settled upon territory which lies geographically in the heart of the Union. The land you live upon was purchased by the United States and paid for out of their treasury. The proprietary right and title to it is in them, and not in you. Utah is bound- ed on every side by States and Territories whose people are true to the Union. It is absurd to believe that they will or can permit you to erect in their very midst a gov- ernment of your own, not only independent of the autho- rity which they all acknowledge, but hostile to them and their interests. Do not deceive yourselves nor try to mislead others by propagating the idea that this is a crusade against your religion. The consitution and laws of this country can take no notice of your creed, whether it be true or false. That is a question between your God and yourselves, in which I disclaim all right to interfere. If you obey the laws, keep the peace and respect the just rights of others, you will be perfectly secure, and may live on in your pre- sent faith or change it for another at your pleasure. Every intelligent man among you knows very well that this government has never, directly or indirectly, sought to molest you in your worship, to control you in your ecclesiastical affairs, or even to influence you in your re- ligious opinions. This rebellion is not merely a violation of your legal duty; it is without just cause, without reason, without excuse. You never made a complaint that was not lis- tened to with patience. You never exhibitied a real griev- ance that was not redressed as promptly as it could be. The laws and regulations enacted for your government by Congress have been equal and just, and their enforce- ment was manifestly necessary for your own welfare and happiness. You have never asked their repeal. They are similary in every material respect to the laws which have been passed for the other Territories of the Union, and which everywhere else (with one partial exception) have been cheerfully obeyed. No people ever lived who were freer from unnecessary legal restraints than you. Human wisdom never devised a political system which bestowed more blessings or imposed lighter burdens than the go- vernment of the United States in its operation upon the Territories. But being anxious to save the effusion of blood, and to avoide the indiscriminate punishment of a whole people for crimes of which it is not probable that all are equally guilty, I offer now a full and free pardon to all who will submit themselves to the authority of the federal govern- ment. If you refuse to accept it, let the consequences fall upon your own heads. But I conjure you to pause deli- berately and reflect well before you reject this tender of peace and good will. Now, therefore, I, James Buchanan, President of the United States, have thought proper to issue this, my pro- clamation, enjoining upon all public officers in the Territory of Utah, to be diligent and faithful, to the full extent of their power, in the execution of the laws; commanding all citizens of the United States in said Territory to aid and assist the officers in the per- formance of their duties; offering to the inhabitants of Utah, who shall submit to the laws, a free pardon for the seditions and treasons heretofore by them committed; warning those who shall persist, after notice of this pro- clamation, in the present rebellion against the United States, that they must expect no further lenity, but look to be rigorously dealt with according to their deserts; and declaring that the military forces now in Utah, and here- after to be sent there, will not be withdrawn until the in- habitants of that Territory shall manifest a proper sense of the duty which they owe to this government. In testimony whereof, I have hereunto set my hand, and caused the seal of the United States to be affixed to these presents. [L.S.] Done at the city of Washington, the sixth day of April, one thousand eight hundred and fifty-eight, and of the Independence of the United States the eighty-second. JAMES BUCHANAN. By the President: LEWIS CASS, Secretary of State. THE UTAH COMMISSIONERS—THE ROUTE TO UTAH FROM FORT LEAVENWORTH TO FORT LARAMIE— INCIDENTS BY THE WAY—SLEEPING AND EATING ON THIS PRAIRIE—DESCRIPTION OF FORTS KEAR- NEY AND LARAMIE, ETC., ETC. FORT LARAMIE, May 17, 1858. Being desirous of reaching the command of Brevet Brigadier General Johnston before the commencement of operations this spring, should any be commenced, I de- termined to avail myself of the first opportunity to do so. It was found no easy matter, however, to obtain a means of conveyance from Leavenworth City, Kansas, to Fort Bridger, Utah. Some men go through on mules; but that is not a safe means of transit to a single person unused to the plains. Having hastily completed an outfit, I was happy on the 14th of April, to have an opportunity to go to the Big Blue, 140 miles on the road to Utah. Without hesitation I accepted that opening, trusting to gold and certain documents which I held, to open a road for me the rest of the way. We left Fort Leavenworth about noon on the 14th of April, in a heavy covered government wagon, drawn by six mules. The agent in the Quartermaster's Department at the Big Blue was my companion. Starting out for a trip across the great ocean prairies, one feels as though he was leaving his native country and going on a long voyage to sea. On crossing the beautiful hill on this side of the fort, which commands one of the finest prospects in all Kansas, one could not help looking back to silently bid adieu to Leavenworth, to the East, to home, to all one cherishes. It had rained for several days preceding the 14th, so the mud in the vicinity of Leavenworth fort and city was nearly knee deep; but so peculiar is prairie soil that six hours of wind and sun had dried the hill so that dust was raised by the mules' feet in descending it, and blown into our faces. The low, level prairie was, however, still wet, muddy and considerably cut up by the tramp of animals during the rain. We made but slow progress. After riding some four hours we rested at a town called Oak Grove, having [Column 3] driven but fifteen miles. The town consists of two houses and one store. We stopped at one of the houses, which is kept as a sort of inn. On the 15th we made thirty miles, and rested at 4 ½ P.M. in the town of Kennekuck, which consists of one house. "Why call it a town if there is only one house?" Be- cause it is a regularly chartered town; it is regularly laid out and there is a map of it, nearly as large as that of New York, presenting, like every other town in Kansas, whether paper, like the majority of them, or real like this, the track of one or more railroads running through it. About twenty miles from Leavenworth we passed the first ox train of Russell & Waddell, consisting of twenty-six wagons. The oxen were mostly young, and the train was moving along very slowly, as it seemed mostly for the purpose of breaking in the cattle. The grass was up so that oxen could live upon it, but not very well. On the 16th we made forty-two miles, and early on the 18th reached Big Blue or Marysville, as the town is called. F.J. Marshall, the pro-slavery candidate for Governor of Kansas under the Lecompton constitution, has his resi- dence there; he owns the major part of the town, has a flourishing store there and is endeavoring to build up the place. He feels very anxious to have a grant made by Congress of every alternate section of land from St. Jo- seph to Marysville, for a railroad between those points. The latter point would then become the outfitting post for the army and emigrants bound further west. Having arrived at Big Blue, the first consideration was to get advanced to Fort Kearney. Fortunately or unfor- tunately there had just arrived two government wagons, under the command of one Sergeant Holland, which were en route for Kearney. The sergeant said it would take him six days to make Kearney, which was very slow travelling, as the distance is but 161 miles, but I thought it was better to travel slowly than not at all. So at ten o'clock on Monday morning, the 19th of April, I found my- self, with baggage and bedding, packed into the apex of one of the wagons, on the top of sacks of potatoes, onions and corn. In the top of the other wagon the sergeant had his wife and two little children, with their household goods. At length the muleteers crawled into their saddles and we started. Ten minutes had not elapsed, however, when my Jehu vomited forth a stream of terrible oaths. The most accomplished linguist of profanity in the Bowery or Five Points would have listened in astonishment at such a master in his art. But this youth had only the one accomplishment, swearing; he did not know how to drive a team, so he had baulked his mules in ascending a slight elevation. He had so demoralized the team by abuse and bad driving, though he had only driven it from Fort Leavenworth, and before that time it had been a superior drawing team, that when once stuck it would not draw a pound. He would pound one mule five minutes sometimes over the head; it would jump up and down, and all the rest of the mules would turn round and look to see what was going on; then he would attack with oath, club and foot another mule. Thus he made the team draw, or, rather, not draw. Before we could start again his mules had to be taken from the wagon, the wagon drawn down hill from behind, and then up by the other team, which was the weaker, driven by the other teamster. It was near one P. M. when we again got in motion. In the afternoon my muleteer, Peter Passion, again stuck his team, this time in a mud hole; we had to get out, pull and haul at the wheels, in the mud up to our knees, for an hour before we could get started. It was a cold, windy, damp, disagreeable day; the road was soft and muddy, owing to the rain of the preceding day and night. Well, we drove on till long after dark, and then camped by the side of a brook, having made by all that day's tedious, disagreeable and laborious exertion but eight miles. Such was going to Utah by express. We were now passed all regular settlements, and that was my first night in camping out. It was dark and rainy, and no wood could be found to build a fire. I had eaten nothing since breakfast, but remembering where I had laid a cracker, devoured it with gusto. That was my supper. The sergeant and his family occupied one wagon, and of course the two muleteers and I must sleep in the other. I spread my blanket and buffalo skins in the wagon on top of the potatoes, giving my mule driving compagnons de voyage an equal share of them with myself. We lay down wedged together very closely by the sides of the wagon. It rained, but the canvass which covered the wagon kept us pretty dry. We had an all sufficient sup- ply of bedding, had no one turned over and no one pulled the clothes off his neighbor. But as it was I found my first night's camping out in a wagon not such as would recommend it either for personal cleanliness, comfort or luxury. Mr. Muleteer Peter Passion was wet and mud up to his knees, and he found my dry, warm feet a very convenient and cheap stove by which to warm and dry his own. There was caloric for him without the expense of his cutting wood, carrying it and building a fire; but I guess the caloric was pretty thoroughly quenched before morning. Daylight brought with it wood, and we made a fire and Mrs. Holland cooked breakfast, which consisted of boiled potatoes, a little fried ham, salt, onions and coffee as strong as ley. We had no bread of any kind. My appe- tite was ravenous, as it is with every man when he first goes to the plains. I felt as though I could eat steel; so sitting down on the ground I pulled out my jackknife, cut off a piece of ham, pitched into the potatoes, salt, and even onions, eating with the rapacity of a wolf. A man off of the plains don't know what it is to have all kinds of food taste luscious. For the rest of the way we ma- naged to get two meals a day if the weather was fine—one at morning and one at night. As every other meal was similar to this breakfast I will pass them by. MULE DRIVING. All government wagons, save light expresses, are drawn by six mules. These six mules are driven by a single rein, attached to the check rein of the right or left leading mule. The muleteer rides the nigh or left week mule, and by night that single rein drives the six mules to the right, left or anywhere. At first it was a great puzzle to me to know how he did it, but by watching him attentively I discovered that a steady in- ward pull upon the single rein brought the nigh leader to the left, an outward jerk to the right. The bit of the right or off leader is connected with the night leader, and whichever way the nigh leader goes the off leader must follow. The two swing and the two wheel mules of course follow the direction of the two leaders. Such is the philosophy of mule driving; but my Jehu did not, or would not, or could not understand it. Nor could he even drive in a straight line. So we had not been started more than half an hour on Tuesday morning before he stuck his team in a mud hole. The other teamster, Gregory, was sick and could do nothing. After trying in vain to get Peter's team out, I and even Mrs. Holland turned into the mud and worked like slaves, unloading and reloading the sacks of potatoes, corn and onions. But there was little consolation in getting the team out and starting it, for be- fore an hour Peter had driven into another hole and stuck us fast. Again we had to sweat, unload and reload. Pe- ter kept on discharging himself in volleys of oaths and spasmodically beating the mules. His impudence equalled his profanity. I had never seen a team of six mules driven till six days before, but having less patience than the sergeant, I sprang into Peter's saddle and drove his team the rest of the day. Until the evening of Thursday the 22d, I drove the team through wind and rain, up hil and down, through mud holes and ruts. It never baulk- ed, it never stuck, no mule acted ugly, and no team could have drawn better. I have developed this lit- tle affair and the character of Peter more fully than I other- wise would have done, in order to show the quality of some of the men in the employ of the United States. Peter was engaged instead of a good teamster, because he could be got one or two dollars per month cheaper. To save that one or two dollars a month a man was employed who, in three weeks, destroyed property belonging to the United States to the value of two or three hundred dol- lars, by killing one mule, ruining others, breaking chains, harness and wagons. Thus the United States lost two or three hundred dollars in order to save one or two. Some officers have attempted to prevent such occurrences as this by employing competent men at increased pay; but they have been questioned for it by higher authority. I slept no more in the wagon, but took to the prairie, where, with the sod for my pillow and the heavens for my curtains, I always found comfortable lodgings. On arriving at the Big Sandy, on the afternoon of the 22d, we found the water so high that it was impossible to cross. There was a very good log house on the other side of the stream, kept by B. C. Patterson, who was formerly con- nected with Utah travel and trade. A pleasant appearing English woman, formerly a Mormon, acts as mater fami- lias. On the morning of the 23d of April I crossed the stream, and once again enjoyed the luxury of living in a house, and eating at a table with a knife and fork. CRAZY MEN ON THE PRARIE. About noon a man strayed into Mr. Patterson's pre- mises with his clothes nearly all off his back, his feet frozen and blistered. He carried an empty bottle in one hand and a few rags in the other. On being accosted he said, "Give eat. Me no eat for half year." All questions he answered unintelligibly. "Eat" was all that could be got out of him. He was evidently German, but on being accosted in that lan- guage he could not talk consistently. Whence he came no one knew; in one direction it was 161 miles from any house; in the other it was the deep Big Sandy, which he had not crossed, as his clothes were not wet. Mr. Patter- son took him, fed him (he eat rapaciously), clothed him and treated him kindly. He told me it was not unfre- quent for men to come into his place crazed from starva- tion on the prairie. They are either deserters or team- sters discharged or runaway. The Indians not unfre- quently take such fellows, feed them and help them on their way. In 1856 there was a crazy man made Patter- son's, after being on the plains three weeks without any- thing to eat except what wild berries he may have found. Sometimes parties of men start out or are sent out on expeditions, get lost or are stayed by a violent storm, so that few if any of them ever return. The others starve, go mad, or are picked up by the Indians. A small body of troops were lost in that way in the winter of 1857. Part succeeded at length in returning to camp; they refreshed themselves and started out in search of the rest. One soldier was found benumbed and crazed with cold and starvation. He was sitting down with his gun sighted resting upon his knee, and his finger upon the trigger. His friends dare not approach him, for he would fire upon them. They circled around to get near him, but he had sufficient strength remaining to keep his gun levelled upon them. What could be done? They did not wish to leave him there to starve and freeze, nor did they wish to lose one of their lives in an effort to save him. At length a lithe half breed, Mexican and French, worked around be- hind the unfortunate man till sufficiently close to him; then throwing his lariat, the rifle was snatched from the soldier's hands and borne through the air far from his reach. The soldier then had the best care taken of him, but he was so badly frozen that both of his legs had to be taken off close up to his body. On the morning of the 24th of April it was found that one of the mules appertaining to Sergeant Holland's com- mand had strayed away. Peter Passion was despatched on another mule to get it. About noon he returned with [Column 4] the saddle on his back, but neither mu[-] had had them both, but lost them. The sergeant had gone out an hour before, and we soon started Peter off again on another mule to help the sergeant find and bring in the two that were now lost. Up to eight o'clock at night neither mules, the sergeant nor Peter made their appear- ance. A HARD RIDE AND WORSE WALK. On the evening of the 23d an express rider arrived at the Big Sandy from Fort Leavenworth, on his way to Fort Kearney. He remained all day of the 24th at the Sandy, hoping the stray mules would be found, and then we could help the sergeant across the stream, for without our or some other help it was doubtful when, if ever, he could get across. But when, at eight P. M. on the 24th, neither mules nor mule hunters had returned, he deter- mined to advance to Kearney, as he could delay his express no longer. I was sick enough of the kind of travelling I had had for the last six days, and determined to go with him. I obtained a little mule, packed my buffalo skins, blankets, saddle bags, &c., upon it, and got a pack saddle for myself. This pack saddle was an imperfect wooden frame of a saddle. I threw a blanket over it, and fixed up a leather strap with loops in the ends, which, being thrown across the saddle, formed my stirrups. In that uncomfortable rigging, with my mule and self both heavily loaded down, I started for Fort Kearney, a distance of 109 miles. On the night of the 24th we rode, without getting out of our saddles, be- tween forty and fifty miles, then tied our animals to graze, and threw ourselves upon the ground to rest a few hours. On the 25th we rode till we had made eighty-three miles from Big Sandy. Being unused to such hard travelling and such a saddle, I was of course excessively fatigued, but still intended to make Fort Kearney, twenty six miles distant, that day, but unfortunately my little mule gave out and we had to dismount for the day. Rest and slum- ber were not unpleasant visitors that night. About midnight the expressman rose to change the position of our mules, so that they could get fresh grass, when, lo, he found they were gone. They had eaten off the ropes with which they were tied, and started we knew not whither. For an hour we travelled round looking for them, but found them not. It was then decided that the expressman should take the road back towards Big Sandy, and look for them, while I should take the road forward towards Fort Kearney, and if I did not find them, go all the way on to Kearney and ask the commanding officer there to send out animals and men for the express, our things, and to find the mules. I started, with large heavy boots, extend- ing above the knees, thick underclothes, heavy over- clothes and side arms, and thus equipped walked the en- tire twenty-six miles. If I sat down to rest a minute I had to pinch and bite myself to keep from falling asleep. About nine o'clock in the morning I arrived at the Fort with feet all blistered up and just able to stand. It was not the length of the ride, but the want of a saddle; nor was it the length of the walk, but personal incumbrances, which made the performance so exhausting. This, how- ever, is only a fair sample of what takes place every day in prairie life. On reporting the condition of things to the commanding officer at Fort Kearney, Captain J. P. McCown, he immedi- ately despatched an abundance of men and animals to get the expressman, mules, &c. He also despatched two mules and a good teamster to aid Sergeant Holland, with orders for the dismissal of Peter. Captain McCown, immediately on my arrival, took me to his own house, had a warm breakfast prepared for me; after which I lay down to rest and recover. In every- thing the Captain showed himself a courteous and warm hearted gentleman. His genuine Southern hospitality brought in direct contrast to rough prairie life met with an unusual appreciation. DESCRIPTION OF FORT KEARNEY. Fort Kearney, like most of the forts in the West, has no fortifications, but is merely a station for troops. It stands on a slight elevation, a few miles west from the banks of Platte river. The fort consists of five unpainted wooden houses, two or three stories high, and about two dozen long, low mud buildings. The houses are built around a large open square or parade ground, while the mud buildings extend in any and every direction out from the roads that run along the sides of this square. Trees have been set out along the borders of the parade ground, and they are the only bushes that can be seen in any direc- tion, except a few straggling ones on the banks of the Platte, several miles distant. Intermixed between these immature trees on the sides of the square are sixteen blockhouse guns, two field pieces, two mountain how- itzers and one prairie piece. These constitute the art- tillery defences of the post against the Indians. On the west side of the parade ground stands the house of the commanding officer. It is a large, ill shaped, unpainted wooden structure, two stories high, with piazzas extending across its entire front on both floors. Within, however, the building is much more re- spectable, being commodious, comfortable, well finished and neatly furnished. Directly opposite the commanding officer's house on the other side of the square, is the soldiers' barracks, seventy feet by thirty feet, and two stories high. The barracks has never been finished; it is now in bad order; it can ac commodate very well eighty-four men; there are in it now between ninety and one hundred men. The other wooden buildings are the officers' quarters, the hospital and the sutler's store. These deformed structures do not present a very inviting appearance to the eye, but they are charm- ing pa[---] when compared to the hideous spectacle of twenty four long, winding, broken backed, falling down mud houses. Such infamous buildings are a disgrace to any fort, territory, army, government or nation. They are far inferior to Indian wigwams. They can only be rivalled by the mud hovels of the Irish or dirty Asiatics. Yet it is in such buildings that the government stores are stored, or rather are placed to rot and be ruined. The government stores that were condemned in 1856-7, on account of no protection being furnished them by these mud piles, amounted to nearly $35,000. But why on earth were such buildings put up? Because they are cheap? No, for since 1851 the United States government has paid out about $50,000 in their construction. One of these "adobe" houses, which was built some ten years ago by volunteers, cost the United States $80,000. These mud piles are of all sizes, the largest one being about one hundred and forty feet long, forty feet wide and twelve feet high. They are built by piling up sods on the top of each other, a foot or more thick, for the sides; timbers are then laid across the top, boards placed over the timbers, and sods, probably a foot deep, on top of that. The first heavy rain makes fine work with this worse than clay house. Their utter uselessness is so apparent that one can hardly imagine why they were ever used. Their demoralized appearance it is impossible to describe; so I will leave them to wash and rot down at their leisure. There are now at Kearney one hundred soldiers of dif- ferent companies, and about one hundred other persons, men, women and children all told. Capt. J. P. McCown, the commander of the post, was despatched there last winter; he went up with his company during very severe weather. On crossing a stream of water near the fort, the ice broke, his carriage was overturned, he was thrown out, the wheels ran over his arm, dislocating it, and severely injuring the muscles, so that it will be months before he recovers the use of his arm. He ar- rived at Kearney on the 5th of March, and since that time has had timber drawn, built a saw mill, sawed lumber and built a fine bakery; also cut, drawn, sawed lumber for and framed a new commissary store. The cost to go- vernment of that bakery, not including the soldiers, wages, was about $200. Captain McCown is down on mud houses, and intends to have good substantial wooden buildings erected in their place. As Fort Kearney is situated some thousands of feet above the level of the sea, extremely high winds fre- quently prevail there. The flag staff in the centre of the parade ground, like masts in a ship, is secured by ropes from being blown away. There are such severe storms of wind and snow in the winter that men have been blown away from the fort by them. Two winters ago a man un- dertook to go to his quarters a few yards distant, in a se- vere storm, after night, when he was blown away and lost. Next spring his bones were found four miles dis- tant. The only way men can save themselves in such storms is by lying down and waiting till the storm ceases. Animals have been left in their stables for two days without water during a storm, because men could not venture out into the storm without being blown away and lost. A WOLF CHASE. By the 28th of April the vis medicatrix natur[-] had ef- fectually fulfilled its office, so that physical action was again found not a disagreeable diversion. The most ex- citing recreation known at Fort Kearney is wolf chasing. A chase was proposed and readily agreed to. A few hours before sunset some good horses were saddled, with a pack of greyhounds at their heels, ready for the hunt. Our little party, led by Lieut. Lethrop, struck out for the open prairie. After proceeding several miles, we observed a wolf about half a mile distant. As he did not see us, we rode on to within a quarter of a mile of him, when he raised himself up and surveyed us inquisitively for a moment and "put." At that distance he seemed like a great grizzly hog; even his gait in running off at first was very like that of the hog. Seeing the wolf make off we started our horses into a quick trot; the grey hounds, which up to this time had kept at our heels, immediately noticing our increased pace, raised their heads and shot forward to the van. No sooner had they advanced from the cover of our horses than they perceived the wolf, and stretched themselves to the chase. They strung themselves out in a most beautiful style, the fleetest ahead, the heavier and stronger ones in the centre, and the weakest and smallest in the rear "Sweetheart," a long, active hound, took the lead, and held it some distance in advance of all his competi- tors. After him they ran one close upon the heels of an- other, or two, three and four in an irregular line nearly abreast. Every one, eager in the chase, leapt on at the top of his speed. Their backs rose and fell as they bounded over the receding earth like the succeeding waves of mea- down grass when a high wind blows, or like the quick roll of billows at sea. The hounds no sooner entered full upon the chase than our horses started in swfit pursuit. The fleetest animal at the fort had been courteously extended to the amateur hunter, and no sooner was he given the rein than he parted company with his companions. With crackling hoof she spurned the echoing earth and rushed forward swift as the winds, passing all the hounds save "Sweet- heart." Time and distance were nowhere, for it seemed as though a minute did not pass before he was close upon the wolf. The well trained steed then again obeyed the guiding rein, which before he had held but as a silken thread. On approaching near the wolf he discovered more of his fierce, savage nature. He was twice as large as a New- foundland dog. How the long, slender greyhound should stop that fierce, tough beast, was a matter of great curi- osity to me. "Sweetheart," however, soon solved the [Column 5] problem. He was then several yards behind the wolf, which was making tracks for his life, when, with a few more of his magnificent leaps, the hound hurled his shoul- ders against the rump of the wolf while the latter was making a leap. This impetus, added to his own momen- tum, hurled the wolf head over heels in a most laughable manner. It was a topsey turvey turnup of a most gro- tesque character, though not over funny to the poor lupus, who knew too well its fatal consequences. So, leaping up with his quickest possible speed, with might and main again he stretched himself to the death race. But it was in vain. Fleet "Sweetheart" bounded thrice and nabbed him by the tail; then the hound drawing himself back upon his haunches, swung his head to the left with all his power. This force, of course, again threw the wolf from his feet and turned his head to his pursuers, who were now close upon him. It is thus the light, fleet dogs bay and stay the wolf until the heavier, fighting dogs get up to kill him. Some of the smaller dogs got bitten or struck by the wolf and went off howling piteously. The fighting hounds fell upon him altogether, attacking him everywhere at the same time, so it was not more than a minute before his vitality was past. Prairie wolves generally fly from man, though when famished with hunger they will sometimes swarm togeth- er, attack and kill him. Men laying on the prairie, wrap- ped up in their blankets, are sometimes snaked forth from their beds and devoured by the wolves. So Western men think the slaughter of them in any way is legitimate. A BUFFALO HUNT. On the ensuing day, the 29th of April, three of us left Kearney on a buffalo hunt. A six mule wagon accom- panied us to bring in the animals that we proposed to kill; also an ambulance drawn by four mules, in which we could ride and rest our horses. We followed up the course of the Platte river for seventeen miles, and saw thousands of buffalos on the other side, but not a solitary one on the Kearney side. Leaving the river at Seventeen Mile Point, we took to the sand hills that run along paral- lel with a few miles from it, until we were twenty- five miles from the fort. It was then two o'clock. The sun was unnervingly hot, and we had not seen a buf- falo on that side of the river, save an immense herd which was discovered from the hill upon which we then stood, and that herd was eight or ten miles further from Kear- ney. It was absolutely necessary that we should return that night, as the troops were all to be reviewed on the ensuing day by the commanding officer. If we went after the distant herd we could not return to Kearney that night; therefore we could not seek the herd. Disappointedly we turned towards the fort, driving in a direction that took us further from the river, hoping that we might in that way still come across some of the mon- sters of the plains. We had not proceeded far when we perceived three bulls about two miles off, and immediately headed for them. On approaching nearer, we discovered there were seven of them. When about three-quarters of a mile off we stopped the carriages, got into our saddles and circled a long distance around to get to the leeward of the buffalo, so they could not smell us. Taking a fortunate ravine we wound around and got close upon them before we were observed, then giving our horses the rein we rushed upon our prey. The buffaloes made the best time they could in flight, but our horses were too fleet for them. We were soon upon them, and before ten minutes elapsed each man killed his bull. The first amateur shot put a ball through the heart of one and he immediately bit the dust; six balls were lodged in each of the others before they kneed the sod. Buffalo hunting, though a most delightful and exciting sportk is usually considered a somewhat dangerous exer- cise. A wounded bull is a most fierce enemy; he fights desperately; in an instant he will whirl around and charge upon his pursuers, whose safety depends alone upon the fleetness of their flight; for could the buffalo get one plunge into them with his horns, he would toss both horse and rider high into the air. This is not an unfrequent occur- rence. The power of a bull in raising and tearing an ob- ject upon his horns almost surpasses credence. In fight- ing one the hunter is compelled to change most precipi- tately from the offensive to the defensive. The rider spurs his horse as close upon the wounded animal as pos- sible, in order to get a short at him, while the latter leaps forward at the top of his giant speed till he perceives the horseman close upon him, the whirling, charges in his turn, the hunter at the same time passing from the attack to the retreat. Thus the fight continues, until the buffalo escapes or is brought to the ground. A buffalo bull is a most unpleasant object to eyes unused to behold him; his huge body, monstrous neck, savage eyes and shaggy skin are so peculiarly objectionable to the eyeballs of amateurs, that they generally "turn tail to and make the best time they can." It requires strong, fleet horses to hunt buffalo, and then the chief difficulty is in getting the horse "on to the buffalo," or rather close up to his side. A ball, in order to be effective, must be driven in close behind the shoulder, so as to en- ter the lungs or heart of the animal, and in order to do that proximity to his side is desirable. Horses have but little objection to going close up behind a buffalo, but they strongly object to be ridden along side of him, because that brings them in close proximity to his head, and when that is turned upon them, they know their only safely lays in their ability to make tracks quick- ly in an opposite direction. So it can be very easily un- derstood why that on approaching near that head, they always attempt to make tracks fleetly from it. It is said, however, that horses can be trained to stand the glare o[-] the bull's eyes and the proximity of his hideous head. A good hunter will ride near enough to a buffalo to make his shots effectual, but not near enough to render it diffi- cult to avoid the attack of the animal. At this season of the year it is not unusual to find herds containing several thousand buffaloes without there being any cows among them; the latter are with their young. Cow meat is gene- rally fatter and more tender than bull meat, and their skins make the finest robes, so they are always sought and killed in preference to bulls. There is one dish held as legitimate by buffalo hunters, which I hold illegitimate even to name but should any reader find himself in a buffalo region and be invited to eat "mountain oysters," I would advise him very quietly to decline. After filling a wagon with buffalo meat, we returned to Kearney. The command at that post is kept constantly supplied with fresh meat by the killing of buffalos. Buf- falo meat is considered better than beef. Antelope is held to be superior to either, being much sweeter and more tender; but it is very difficult to kill antelope, since they are fleeter than hound or hare. On the 30th the soldiers at the fort were reviewed by Capt. McCown. The characteristic feature in the appearance of the men was their cleanliness. The captain not only keeps them well disciplined, but makes them bathe constantly and take care of themselves like men. The 2d of May we left Fort Kearney for Fort Laramie, in a superb express ambulance, or light four-wheeled car- riage, double covered, and perfectly comfortable in cold, wind or rain. The cushioned seats turned down so as to make an excellent bed. There were two drivers; one sat on the front seat and held the reins, the other rode an ex- tra mule and whipped up the four which drew the car- riage. We had laid in a supply of good provisions, and were able in all kinds of weather to travel, not only in comfort but in comparative luxury. We travelled in easy drives from thirty or thirty-five miles a day. On the 5th of May we met two large heavy men with their bedding and luggage packed upon the backs of two little Indian ponies. The sides of the ponies were all raw, the spurs having cut the skin off of them. The poor animals seemed so poor that even vultures would have contemned a meal from their fattest quarter. Still the miserable creatures who bestrode the poor ponies beat and spurred them onward. On leaving us the horses fell beneath their load. The men would have got along much faster if they had walked and let their poor beasts carry their things—but no; they swore that, as each pony had cost them $210, they would ride them into Kearney whether or no. It took them half an hour to go half a mile from our camp on the backs of their much abused animals. At noon, on the 7th of May, we made the South Fork of Platte crossing, 166 miles from Fort Kearney and 167 miles distant from Fort Laramie. The stream was so high we could not cross—being over a mule's back. The weather was exceedingly disagreeable, raining and so cold that no amount of blankets and buffalo robes seemed sufficient to keep one warm in a carriage, covered until it was almost as air tight as an ordinary room. Some miles above us, towards the mountains, it was a snow storm. Only the day before the weather was so warm that one suffered in ordinary summer clothing. The wood (only drift wood, and very little of that could be got) and chips were so wet that it took about an hour to start a fire. After making coffee we took supper quite comfortable in our carriage. It was so cold and wet outside that we invited both the drivers to sleep in the carriage. We enjoyed rather close quarters during the night, but our superabundance of bedding kept us abundantly warm. The morning of Saturday, the 8th, was cold and rainy, and, what was of far greater importance to us, the river had risen an inch during the night. We got breakfast as best we could, and then Mr. Rannabargar, the man who conducted our express, mounted a mule and tried the river again. The mule fell in the quicksand two or three times, but was got out; before getting a quarter across the stream Mr. Rannabargar found the water over the animal's head, and was glad to get him safe ashore again. The decision was that we could not cross until the water fell two or three feet. When that would be—whether in one week or one month—the eldest prairie man could not form a well grounded opinion. We had taken rations but for the usual trip of twelve days, and had bestowed of them with no niggard hand upon some half-starved men we met upon the plains a day or two before. Thus we found ourselves alone upon the almost desert plains, with no wood, poor grass for our animals, and a constantly decreasing quantity of provisions for ourselves, with advance or relief indefi- nitely distant. So our position was not the most enviable in the world, nor were our prospects the most brilliant ever pictured by the fancy of ambitious man. But that day passed as all days must. Towards noon the storm ceased; we filled up the otherwise idle hours by fruitless searches for wood, and still more fruitless attempts to kill wild ducks with a government rifle. A little before sundown we perceived a number of car- riages and a horseman approaching us from the east. As they had previously been expected, the cry was instantly raised:— "THE COMMISSIONERS," "THE COMMISSIONERS." Every hat was tossed high in air, and the "hip, hip, hurrah," rang out like unto the shout of a relieved army. I know not why, but I guess all of us expected success to come with them; at any rate, we would not starve while they had anything to eat, and then there was company. As the expedition drew nearer five ambulances were dis tinguished, each drawn by four mules, also a horseman riding ahead, followed by two horses. At length the Utah Commissioners drove up to us, and the passability of the river was discussed. That it was impassable there, was beyond doubt, but their guide told them there was a place twenty miles above at which they might cross. Having decided to go up there the next morning, the commissioners encamped for the night. Little or no wood could be ob- tained; the men gathered a large pile of buffalo chips, but they were so wet that it was almost impossible to get them to burn. At least an hour was consumed in making fire enough to boil coffee. Commissioner Major Benjamin [Column 6] McCulloch, like a veteran prairie man, threw himself down beside the wet, simmering, smoking, half burning pile of manure, and carelessly awaited coffee. But let no one understand by this that he is a coarse or low man; on the contrary, he is a quiet, courteous, digni- fied, honorable man, who wins the respect and admira- tion of all with whom he comes in contact. Commissioner L. W. Powell, ex-Governor of Kentucky, musingly walked to and fro before the camp fire, amusedly regarding the operations of making a fire and cooking supper. The Governor is an urbane Southern gentleman, of education and talent; has seen the world, and knows men and things. The President has certainly selected for this mis- sion good and able men, who understand themselves, and can neither be fooled nor bought by the Grand Mogul of the Latter Day blasphemers. The commissioners have five ambulances to take themselves, their men, their pro- visions, corn for their animals, &c. Their ambulances are similar to the express ambulance which I have pre- viously described, excepting that they are not quite so well covered. They have an escort of five soldiers, under Sergeant Kelsey, who keep up a guard all night and pre- vent the mules from getting loose and running away. There are five drivers under Mr. Blakely, the wagon master, who rides ahead all the time, picks out the best road, sees that the mules are all pro- perly harnessed, watered and taken care of. A Mr. Allen, who was employed to act as guide, is also with the com- mission. So the expedition can be thus summed up:— Fifteen men (including the commissioners), five ambu- lances, twenty mules and three horses. Sunday morning, the 9th, we all drove up the river twenty miles. Mr. Blakely rode into the stream and found that it was too deep to attempt to cross. As there were good grass and wood there we encamped, expecting to remain at that place until the river fell, for the guide said we could cross two or three days earlier there than at any other place. The morning of the 10th found the river an inch higher than it was on the preceding evening; things began to look very dreary; there was no telling when the river would fall. The Major said if he had ten days more sup- plies with him he would take the new route to Utah, known as Lieutenant Bryan's route, but there were streams to be crossed in that route also, and we had not sufficient provisions. In the afternoon Major McCulloch saddled his horse, and throwing his rifle over his shoulder, started out for the sand hills. In about an hour he returned with an ante- lope across his horse's back. This fresh meat was found a most important addition to our tables. On the 11th, three of us, including Major McCulloch, stripped off, save our under clothes, and entered the river to wade it at various places, and see if we could not find some place at which we might cross. The river was nearly half a mile across, and all depths, from knee deep to swimming. The day was severely cold, and the water, as one of the men said, was "colder than joe." We waded and swam across the river, then back again; the wagon master went a long distance up and down it, and after a thorough examination, fording was decided to be impracticable until the water fell from two to three feet. When that would be no one could conjecture. All the men who went out hunting came back without anything. To remain in that place long we could not, for it would exhaust our provisions, and to advance seemed impossi- ble. But the veteran McCulloch is a strong man in tight places, and all looked to him for salvation. The river seemed to fall about an inch every day and rise as much at night. On the 11th the Major saddled his horse, and taking Mr. Blakely with him, accompanied Mr. Rannabargar's ex- press ambulance down the river to the old ford, looking all the way to find a practicable ford. At night Mr. Blakely returned and informed us that they had found a passable ford eight miles below, and that the Major wished us to drive down there in the morning. This news was joyfully received. We had been waiting in vain during the day. The buffaloes were all many miles below, and we could not get up near enough to the fleet and timid an- telopes to shoot them. Before eight o'clock on the morning of the 12th, we were down to the spot designated by Mr. Blakely. Major McCulloch and the express ambulance were already there. A few minutes after there arrived the first mail expedition sent out by John Hochirdy, who has recently taken a contract to carry a weekly mail from St. Joseph, K. T., to Great Salt Lake City, U. T. The expedition con- sisted of two ambulances, one covered six mules wagon, a drove of mules and eight or ten men. The mules are to be stationed along the route fifty miles apart for relays. There were two passengers with the mail. The passage price from one terminus of this route to the other is $200. FORDING THE SOUTH FORK OF PLATTE RIVER. Major McCulloch, Mr. Blakely, and Sergeant Kelsey, after stripping off all their clothes except their hats, un- dershirts, drawers, and socks, got upon the three horses without any saddles, and entered the river thirty yards apart to find the best place for crossing the carriages. Every eye was bent intently upon them, for our advance and the personal welfare of each of us seemed to depend upon the issue of their search. In some places the water was not a foot deep, at others it almost swam the horses. Now the horses would stand upon a sound bottom, and in a moment they would be plunging and sinking almost out of sight in the quicksand. Every man was either thrown from his horse into the water or got off to get him out of the quicksand and save him from drowning. Being spread out thirty yards apart, up and down the river, some- times one horse would have sound bottom, while the next would be floundering and miring in the treacherous sand. As the horses rose and fell, so rose and fell the spirits of our men. With eager eyes we watched the advance of the riders till they made the long half mile across the river. The trial was deemed sufficient; every man who expressed any opinion declared the passage impracticable for carriages; the "guide" maintained that it was prac- tically impossible. Nevertheless, the return of the horse- men was watched with almost as much interest as was their advance, for where there is uncertainty there is still some hope. The return was not such, however, as to encourage the men's hope. At length the riders reached the shore, and all waited in breathless silence to hear the report. Gov. Powell—Well, Major, can we cross? Major McCulloch—We'll try it any how; can't stay here any longer; may drown a team of mules, but I am going to try it anyhow. This unexpected answer, of course, raised the spirits of the men, and an ambulance was instantly prepared for the water, by rolling up all the curtains, taking out all the things except two sacks of corn, which were placed on the seats turned down as a bed. Eight men stripped themselves for the river in the manner of their prede- cessors. Major McCulloch rode a horse along ahead so that the mules would follow, for they will follow a horse anywhere. The driver took his seat; a few cracks of his whip and splash, splash went the mules' feet into the water, following hard after the horse. The eight men took their positions by the mules to whip them up, and at the wheels and by the upper side of the ambulance to keep it from being capsized by the current, which was so strong that men could with difficulty stand up against it. Before the carriage had gone thirty yards, the wheels sank down to the axletrees in quicksand; the mules plunged, floundered about, mired and fell down; men rushed to their heads to keep them from getting their ears under water and drowning; more men took hold of the wheels; the mules were got up, and all straightening on their traces at once took the wagon out with a rush. It was necessary to keep the team going, for it was quicksand for some distance, and if they stopped a moment down would go the wheels; so the men behind kept on pushing with all their might, the drivers made the air resound with the incessant crack of their whips, while fierce torrents of oaths rushed from their mouths. "Patay," an odd genius, who enlivens the evenings around the camp fires by telling strange, ludicrous stories, was standing on the shore at the time, and sang out to the men, "Ah, go it that way, then, boys, if ye think there is no hell!"—a place, one would judge from their proclivities to profanity, never heard tell of by Western muleteers. When the ambulance was got upon sound bottom, the team was stopped and rested. The rest of the way across the river was made exactly as the first two hundred yards were. The wheels now stuck in the mud, and then pulled or lifted out; the mules now down and then up; now ad- vancing and then resting. They were nearly an hour making the half mile across the river. All were rejoiced when the carriage ascended the bank on the opposite side. The horse and mules were turned loose to graze, and Major McCulloch, with his men, waded back across the stream. Two ambulances were taken next time, not only with all their loads in, but most of that of the first wagon. Governor Powell, who was laid up during the greater part of last winter, and is still suffering from the rheumatism, was induced to get into one of these carriages. The teams advanced into the stream better than the first one; but they had not gone far be- fore down went one mule into the sand, and then another and another; down went the wheels also, until they were out of sight. The Governor, forgetting his rheumatism, sprang out of the carriage, and grasping down into the place where the wheels ought to be, seized a spoke and applied his strength to hurling it forward. The mules were got up, and by all of us at the wheels straining our- selves to to the task, we succeeded in giving the ambu- lance a forward motion again. Well, to make a long story short, we crossed the river, waded back, took the three other ambulances, (in- cluding the express,) and landed them safely on the northern bank of the river. The fording occupied over four hours; some of the men waded the river seven times. It was most fortunate that neither the weather nor the water were so cold as they were two days before. The animals and men were very fatigued; so, although we were across by two in afternoon, we could go no further that day. Not a thing was lost fording the stream, nor did anything of importance get wet; the cushions had been turned down as beds, and everything piled upon them, which placed them above the reach of the water. The great fear before entering the stream was that the rapidi- ty of the current would tip over the carriages, but we found on getting into it that there was not the slightest danger of that mischance; though it was so swift and strong that it was only by very great effort the men could stand up against it. The mail, which had found the old for impassable, was fortunate in meeting us at this one; they crossed after us without much difficulty. We started early on the 14th and made twenty miles before breakfast. When our express was alone we made four drives a day—the first from four to six A. M., then grazed the mules and took breakfast; the second from nine to eleven A. M., again grazed the animals; the third from one to three P. M., and took supper; the fourth from five P. M. to sundown. The length of the drives varied accord- ing as wood and good grass could be found, by making any drive longer or shorter. The commissioners make three drives a day—the first before eight A. M., then breakfast; the second from ten A. M. to two P. M. lunch; the third from four P. M. to sundown, encamp and supper. These drives also vary in length according as wood, water and grass can be found. Before noon on the 14th we made Ash Hollow, quite a celebrated place on this route. After crossing the South Platte the road turns towards the North Platte, then follows along up its valley. Between these two rivers there are high ranges of sand hills or bluffs. At Ash Hollow these ----- new page (VMSS792_S3_SS14_B17A_F15_I1_p002.jpg) [Column 1] bluffs are very wild and picturesque, their bleak, bold, barren, almost perpendicular sides, at some places so entirely enclose the traveller that he can see no land in any direction over three hundred yards distant. The hills and sky seem to touch almost within his reach. We descended from these lifeless sand hills by a precipitous steep, into Ash Hollow, which opened to us a little valley, not one hundred yards wide, running between the over- hanging hills. The brakes were not only applied, but se- veral men were required to hold back the ambulances when they descended into this valley. A crystal streamlet of water flows through the valley; in some parts of it there is good grass, and a few stunted trees were observed en- deavoring to grow on the border of the valley and the bluffs. As we wound through Ash Hollow it ascended and spread out to the valley of the North Platte. There is a trading post at Ash Hollow, but little or nothing is kept in it except [-]o[-] gu[-] of the most [-]a[-]nable kind, which is sold at exorbitant prices to the poor Indians and to besotted prairie gamblers. There were from fifty to sixty Sioux lodges on the North Platte at this post. These lodges are made out of tanned buffalo hides; they are very cleanly and quite pretty when viewed from without. A large herd of Indian ponies grazed along the backs of the Platte. Some of them were very fine animals, but hardly any amount of money will purchase them from the Indians; the poor animals can be bought very readily. When the Indians has his war trap- pings on, and sits upon a proud, fleet pony, he feels like an enthroned king, and nothing will induce him to part with that important part of his kingdom—his horse. We made about forty-five miles on the 14th, and encamped. The 15th of May passed off similarly to the 14th. We met several persons from Laramie and Camp Scott, who told us strange stories about peace being made with the Mormons, their departure from Great Salt Lake, the burning of the city, the entrance of Governor Cum- ming, General Johnston's command, &c., &c. Prairie tales, however, merit but little credence. The day was very cold, windy and disagreeable; heavy winter clothing hardly kept one warm enough. We en- camped at Chimney Rock, a stone not unknown to fame. It has, indeed, rather a striking appearance. It is seen many miles distant, and looks like a cloud piercing spire on the top of some lofty church. When several miles from it the distance to it is very deceptive. Some of the men offered to bet any amount that it was not over a quarter, or at most half a mile distant, when it was really six miles. The base of the rock lies like a cone, and from the top of that shoots up a perpendicular shaft. Shortly after noon on the 17th of May we arrived at Fort Laramie, having made 177 miles in three days and a half. The 16th was a cold and disagreeable day, like the pre- ceding one; the wind was very high and it rained some. We passed Scott's Bluffs about noon. They are very cu- riously formed, rising from an almost level prarie to a vast height. The stone of which they are composed seems to be only baked sand. There are five or six irregular, almost perpendicular, elevations, quite close toghether, yet disconnected; at a distance they resemble a range of vast decaying castles. We arrived here at Laramie to-day, the 17th, about one P. M., having made 177 miles in three days and a half. The commissioners left Fort Leavenworth on the 25th of April, arrived at Fort Kearney on the 2d of May, re- mained there till the 4th, then made the crossing at South Platte on the evening of the 8th and remained there till the morning of the 14th inst. SOIL AND FACE OF THE COUNTRY. From Fort Leavenworth to Big Blue there is high rolling prairie; in some places it is quite hilly, and abounds in cracks, nearly all of which are pretty well wooded. The soil is good, and quite similar to that of the Northern Missouri. Between the Big Blue and Big Sandy the prairie is very flat; frequently as far as the eye can reach it is a plain as level as the sea; the soil is good, but there is no timber at all, which almost disqualifies it as a farming region. Water is also scarce. At the Big Sandy and along up the Little Blue the country is rougher and more picturesque; there is some excellent soil and a good supply of water and wood. The valley of the Platte river is fertile; grass grows well in it, and there is some timber. A continuous range of sand hills or bluffs run along nearly parallel to, and from four to eight miles from, the river; these sand hills are several miles in width, and almost barren. Fifty miles west of Kear- ney the land is very poor, both in the bottoms and on the bluffs. The fine rich prairie soil ceases and there is nothing but a coarse gravelly surface. Grass grows poorly; there is no wood; travelling would be very diffi- cult were it not for buffalo chips, and as buffalo have ceased to frequent the upper waters of the Platte they will soon be wanting. The land is too poor for anything; even the wild Indians and buffalo can scarcely live upon it. The Platte (shallow) river is not deep enough for navigation, is too deep and too full of quicksands for ford- ing, while there is not sufficient wood for hundreds of miles to bridge it. Between the North and South Fork of the Platte the soil is rougher and even soorer than on the south bank of the South Fork. Indeed, there is nothing between Fort Kearney and Fort Laramie to invite agriculture or farm- ing settlements. This course applies only to the coun- try along the California or military road, by way of which we have just come. The land south, on the Republican Fork and Lieutenant Bryan's route to Utah, is said to be much better. FORT LARAMIE. This military station is situated on Laramie creek, in the midst of a rough, sandy, barren country. There is some good grass several miles distant, but generally it is quite poor. Wood is scarce. The fort consists of two or three two story wooden buildings, and about twenty one story adobe structures; also one or two stone houses, all of which seem to have been built irregularly, in any and every direction. As usual with this class of forts, there is a large open square, centrally situated, for drill and parade purposes. The adobe houses have been plastered on the outside, and are much superior to those at Fort Kearney, though the commanding offi- cer reports them as nearly useless. The post is command- ed by Major J. Synde, of the Seventh Infantry. There is one company here at present. The fort is capacitated to quarter three. As I have omitted the distances between many points along the route, I will here present them in a much more perfect shape by giving a table of the distances of posts from Great Salt Lake City to Missouri river. This table is Mormon authority. I believe they have chained the route. The distances apply to the old military road. There are some cut-offs now which shorten the route. Some of the places marked in this table have other names, and there are other stations not marked in this; still the table and Stansbury's map give a person a good knowledge of the route to Utah. DISTANCES FROM GREAT SALT LAKE CITY TO MIS- SOURI RIVER. From Stations. G.S.L.C. From Great Salt Lake City to Miles. Miles. Willow Springs 7 7 Hatch's Farm 8 15 Top of Big Mountain 4 19 Foot of do. (head of East Kanyon) 9 27 Last crossing of creek (near Weber) 11 38 Weber river crossing 5 43 Beaver Dam (Echo Kanyon) 5 48 Head of Echo Kanyon 22 70 Yellow creek 7 77 Bear river (camp on the west side) 8 85 Quaking Aspen hill 7 92 Big Muddy 11 103 Fort Bridger 10 113 Grand Bend, Black's Fork, Smith's Fork 9 122 Ham's Fork 7 129 Leaving Black's Fork 18 147 Green river, below Bath's Fort 15 162 Green river, crossing Bath's Fort 7 169 Big Sandy 8 187 Big Sandy (camp in bottom) 7 194 Little Sandy (camp in brush) 6 200 Pacific creek (half a mile from Alkaline creek, which is poisonous) 27 227 Pacific Springs 7 234 South pass 3 237 First crossing Sweetwater 8 245 Small creek 8 253 Springs 8 261 Sweetwater (beginning of bottom) 4 265 Sweetwater, over high ridge 9 274 Alkali Swamp (be careful of poison) 11 285 Sweetwater, third crossing 13 298 Sweetwater, at Rattlesnake Mountains 12 310 Sweetwater, five miles west of Devils Gate. 14 324 Independence Rock 8 332 Greenwoood Creek Mouth 5 337 Foot of Divide Ridge, Greasewood 14 351 Willow Springs 6 367 Poison Springs (be careful of poison) 14 371 North Fork of Platte, upper crossing 13 384 Deer Creek 30 414 Lapele Creek 15 429 Middle Crossing 15 444 Le Boute's Crossing, "old ford" 18 462 Horseshoe Creek 15 477 Bitter Cottonwood 15 402 Deacons of Chalk Bluffs on the Platte. 13 505 Fort Laramie 7 512 Trading station 22 534 Horse creek 20 554 Robideaux sloughs (Scott's bluffs) 5 557 Trading station "ruins" 18 577 Chimney rock 12 589 Buffalo creek 18 617 Mail Camping place 22 629 Ash Hollow mouth 30 659 South fork of Platte crossing 20 679 Commencement of cut-off 30 709 Slough three miles from Platte 20 729 Pond on cut off 2 731 Main Platte river 18 749 Cotton Wood Springs 13 762 Fort Kearney 83 845 Leaving of Platte 8 853 Creek 28 881 Little Blue 14 895 Leaving Little Blue 42 937 Little Sandy 20 957 Turtle Creek 17 974 Cottonwood creek 20 994 Big Blue river 12 1,006 Vermillion creek, Elm creek 21 1,027 Water holes in prairie 16 1,043 Nemmeha 8 1,051 Sloughs and ponds in prairie 12 1,063 Little Muddy 4 1,067 Oak Point 4 1,071 Walnut creek 8 1,079 Big Grasshopper 10 1,089 Second Grasshopper 4 1,093 First Grasshopper 7 1,100 Mormon Grove (Deer creek) 12 1,112 Atchison City, Mo 5 1,117 From Great Salt Lake City to Fort Leavenworth 1,131 NEWSPAPER ACCOUNTS. [From the St. Louis Republican, June 5.] The news from Utah was the subject of discussion yes- terday. A good many were disposed to believe the main feature—that Gov. Cumming had been driven out of Great Salt Lake City—because that tallied exactly with their wishes. But there were others who doubted the story, and they gave plausible reasons for it. The express bringing the news arrived at Fort Leaven- worth on the 1st; and the accounts already published were of that date. Yesterday we met with a gentleman who left Fort Leavenworth on Wednesday the 2d, and who was a listener to all the discussions, and read all [Column 2] the letters received from Camp Scott up to the 6th of May. He discredits the news of Governor Cumming having been driven out of Great Salt Lake City. The letters from Camp Scott, of the latest d[--]e, make no mention of any such event. Nothing, indeed, was known there of what was going on in Great Salt Lake City, there being, unfortunately, no official in- tercourse between Governor Cumming and General John- ston. We do not know how this estrangement has been brought about, but that it exists is quite certain. The let- ters further state that General Johnston has issued his orders for the march to Salt Lake about the 15th of May, but as the Peace Commissioners would arrive about that time, it is possible that some delay followed their appear- ance there. It is said, also, that the troops were living on mule meat, but that information had been received that a supply of beef cattle from Oregon was within four days travel from the encampment of General Johnston Colonel Hoffman, with supplies from Fort Laramie. It is now said, was within seven to nine days march of Camp Scott. It is certain that despatches from Gov. Cumming to the Secretary of State have gone forward to Washington. These despatches were not put in the mail from Camp Scott. They were received there subsequent to the 6th of May, with instructions to put them through with all speed, and it was the two Mormons who were the bearers of these despatches that circulated the report that Gov. Cum- ming had been driven out of Salt Lake City. This looks improbable, and we incline to think that the despatches from Gov. Cumming—still in Great Salt Lake City—are the result of consultations between Gov. C. and Brigham Young. We shall soon see how this is, and in the mean- while all the movements from our frontier will go on as if nothing had happened looking to a settlement of this question. Court of General Sessions. Before Recorder Barnard. EMPANNELLING OF THE GRAND JULY—THE RECORD- ER'S CHARGE—HONEST AND INTELLIGENT JURORS REQUISITE FOR A PROPER ADMINISTRATION OF JUS- TICE—INEFFICIENCY OF THE METROPOLITAN PO- LICE, ETC., ETC. JUNE 8—When the court was opened this morning the clerk proceeded to call the names of the gentleman sum- moned to act as members of the Grand Inquest. The fol- lowing are the names of the Grand Jurors sworn for the ensuing term:— Philetus H Holt, Foreman, Elliot Walker, Peter J. Bogart, Samuel S. Constant, Fulton Cutting, Homer Franklin, Amos R. Enos, Preston H. Hodges, Robert Gracie, Henry Lewis, Francis Godine, William Palen, Isaac Hastings, Peter F. Randolph, Wm H. Haight, John H. Redfield, Gibbon L. Kelty, David Ramsey, George R. Lockwood, Daniel H. Tompkins, Charles Mayer, Martin L. Bryant. Barnet L Solomon, Recorder Barnard then proceeded to deliver an elabo- rate charge to the jury. In his introductory remarks he dwelt upon the arduous and responsible duties which they were called upon to discharge, and the necessity for due deliberation before they found indictments. He says:— The police returns for the last two months show the gratifying fact that crime has not increased, although the arrests may be more in number; yet many of them have been illegally made, and on very insufficient grounds. This evil might be checked if officers would, in every case of misdemeanor, (except where the party is caught in the act,) proceed only with authority of a warrant. The object of making arrests is not to give evidence to the community of vigilance, but protection against violations of law. Justice is brought into contempt and the rights of a citizen unlawfully trampled upon, if any one invested with temporary authority can, on his own volition, arrest whoever and wherever he pleases. CRIME INCREASED BY THE REMISSNESS OF HONEST CITIZENS IN THE DISCHARGE OF JURY DUTY. His Honor continues thus:— To insure a proper administration of justice, and the en- forcement of law, both civil and criminal, it is impera- tively necessary to have honest, respectable, impartial and intelligent jurors. It has become of late years almost impossible to obtain such men. Large numbers of citizens who ought to be held liable to jury duty avail themselves of the privilege with the law affords, to become members of military or fire companies, who never perform any ac- tive duties, but regularly pay the small annual fine for non attendance, and at the same time employ this subter- fuge to secure exemption from jury service. Others who are duly summunes, refuse to attend, managing to obtain excuses upon trivial and insufficient grounds, and habitu- ally resort to unworthy expedients to avoid the inconve nience of a known public duty. Yet these are the men who excite public distrust of our courts of justice, and con- tinually declaim against judges, jurors and other officers of the law as dishonest and incompetent, thus creating general want of confidence in their integrity, efficiency and capability. In some parts of the Union this evil has grown to such an appalling magnitude that citizens occu pying the highest social position, finding that the law of land was ineffective to redress injustice and punish crime, that juries would fail to convict upon the plainest evidence of guilt, and judges would evade the enforcement of the law, and that other officers were remiss in the dis- charge of their duties, if not in actual collusion with the criminals themselves, have taken matters into their own hands and employed summary violence to restrain refrac- tory and lawless characters, setting themselves an ex- ample of disobedience to those very statutes which they are punishing others for disregarding. There never could arise any necessity for such a high handed measure if these same self consituted assoriors of the peace and dignity of the State did not suffer lawlessness to grow rampant by their continual evasion of a plain, though disagreeable duty. If they would readily and cheerfully undertake to bear their appropriate share of the labor, not compelling courts of justice to take up with the material which is left for them, after being thus thoroughly sifted by the various processes to which allusion has been made, of the ele- ments of fidelity and intelligence which are so necessary, the supposed corruption of judges and other magistrates would not be so easily discovered. Honest and account- able jurymen can at almost any time check, and often cor- rect, the tendency of a court to dishonorable practices. To render a court of justice as perfect as possible all its auxiliary officers should be actuated solely with a regard to the public good. The welfare of the State often re- quires citizens to yield their time, labor and convenience for the benefit of the whole community. Upon the faith- ful and cheerful performance of this requirement depends ultimately the safety of the commonwealth. Society has the right to exact these services as an equivalent for the protection which it affords, and every good citizen will acknowledge and render the obligation. INEFFICIENCY OF THE METROPOLITAN POLICE Speaking of the Metropolitan Police, he uses this lan- guage:— It has been connected with my duties, and I have watched with much interest, and, as far as possible, in a spirit removed from all partisan feelings, as befits the office I hold, the operation of our police system. In all great cities the peace and good order of society and the protection of life and property depend on the efficiency of the force intended for these purposes, and I call your at- tention to the subject, as on your calm and deliberate judgment public opinion will mould itself until it assumes the shape of legislation. I entertain the conviction that you will concur with me in this, that experience here, as in all other countries, tends rapidly to establish the fact that the vicious and disorderly population of large cities can only be controlled by entrusting the police power to one hand, and be the chief executive officer of it, thus rendering him directly responsible to the people for the prompt arrest of violators of law, the faithful perform- ance of their duties by subordinates, and the full and ade- quate protection of the citizen. Different branches of the same government, each under a different head, and responsible to various officers, much necessarily con- flice with each other and be wanting in that concert and harmony of operation so essential to the well being of the community. It is thus that we see the reforms attempted to be carried out by one officer or in one department thwarted by another, and confusion and irregulartiy en- gendered, and the violators of public peace and the in- fringers on private rights emboldened to fresh aggressions and greater wrongs by the impunity they have too long enjoyed. A single body, with its clearly defined and ap- propriate duties, accountable to and under the immediate supervision of one chief, insures the advantage of regu- larity, promptness and efficiency of action, while a pro- tective force, accountable to the control of an independent supervisory body and the command of irresponsible offi- cers, produces insubordination, neglect of duty and jealousy of each other, by no means calculated to advance the interests of any community, and least of all one like ours, where the wealth and commerce of both hemis- pheres centre, and whither the energy and enterprise of the whole of this country are directed. It is for you, gen- tlemen, if you deem it proper, to say whether our police force is organized in such a way as to satisfy the just and reasonable demands of the public. CASES OF SWINDLING. There is a practice existing on the part of some of our magistrates, which in its tendency seems to aggravate rather than lessen crime of certain kinds. I allude to the settlement of cases of swindling, where, on arrest, the criminal gives back the money or property, and is then permitted to go at large and thus renew his system of robbery. He is thus almost licensed to act as a common swindler. When it is considered that not more than one case in fifty is ever brought to the knowledge of the au- thorities, the evils of this pardoning policy will be readily perceived. The exposure, shame and imagined disgrace that the victim fears, compels him to bear his loss in si- lence. The excuse given for this line of conduct is, that the persons defrauded mostly live abroad, and are only temporarily in the city, and cannot afford to lose the time and bear the expense necessarily awaiting the trial; but, in my judgment, the interests of the community are para- mount to those of an individual, and that legal measures should be taken to compel their attendance until such time as the offender can be made to answer for his ras- cality. FRAUDULENT DISPOSAL OF GOODS. The mercantile community of late years have been swindled to a very great extent by the fraudulent dis- posal of lands, goods and things in action. The debtors manage to obtain possession of large amounts of goods un- der a purchase from confiding creditors, and soon after- wards dispose of the same, by either confessing judg- ments, and ostensible sale, or to assignees, making large preferences to some friend, whose name is used for the purpose of consummating the fraud, and holding the property or the proceeds thereof for the debtor's bene- fit. These transactions strike directly at the source of the credit system, and create a general feeling of distrust in commercial ranks, thereby injuring honest traders by compelling them to bear an unjust suspicion of dishones- ty. This has been continued so long with impunity that the strong arm of the law is imperatively demanded to check the evil. The representations that are made to obtain the property or goods, although false and calcu- lated to deceive, yet are so managed as not to subject the party to a criminal prosecution; and it is only when they subsequently make a fraudulent disposal of the same that they render themselves liable to the action of a Grand Jury. Some cases of this nature are to be brought before you, on which you will take such action as the circum- stances may justify. A REVISION OF THE LAW ON SENTENCES REQUIRED. The whole body of our criminal law in regard to sen- tences needs revision. In some cases the punishment is entirely inadequate to visit on the offender his just deserts, while in others it is mercilessly severe. For instance, the crime of burglary in the third degree, a very common of- fence, is at the utmost punished by five years in the State prison, while a highway robbery is ten years at the low est. The most of the burglaries are committed by hard- ened offenders, while a large number of the recent high- way robberies were perpetrated by mere boys, and of- [Column 3] [-] his Honor called attention to the usual [-] by the statute, after which the Grand Jury [-] their room. Music and the Drama. ACADEMY OF MUSIC—Donizetti's opera of "La Favorita" is announced for the last time this season tonight. Sig- nora Gazzaniga and Signori Brignoli, Amodio and Gaspa- roni perform in it. NIBLO'S GARDEN.— To night's entertainments are to comprise the Ravels' favorite pantomimes of "Jeannette and Jeannot," and the "Italian Brigands," the ballet divertisement of the "Prima Donna," and astonishing feats on the tight rope. BOWERY—Messrs. Eddy, R. Johnston, N. B. Clarke, Mrs. A. Parker and a host of other favorites are to appear to night, when the romantic dramas called the "Scalp Hunters" and "Red Rover," and farce of "Paddy Cary" are to be performed. BUSTON'S—The chief artists attached to the Ronzani ballet troupe will again appear to night in the new piece styled "Salvator Rosa," previous to which Mr. Burton will sustain his unequalled character in "The Toodles" WALLACK'S—Large crowds of the laughter loving com- munity continue to assemble every evening to witness the representation of extravaganza entitled "The Last Days of Brigham Young." The "Lottery Ticket" is to be the first piece to night. LAURA KEENE'S—Miss Matilda Heron will this evening repeat the character of Mathilde, in her own adaptation of Eugene Sue's work of that name. The entertainments are to conclude with the lively little farce called "A Kiss in the Dark." AMERICAN MUSEUM.—Read's play entitled "Two Loves and a Life," in which Mrs. Kate Denin Ryan enacts the heroine, has made a favorable impression upon the fre- quenters of this house, and is consequently announced for repetition this afternoon and evening. WOOD'S MINSTRELS tender the customary assortment of melodies and burlesques and a new panoramic farce, which not only creates a great deal of fun, but affords an admirable illustration of a journey on the Hudson river. THE BRYANTS are making a great deal of merriment with the whimsical burletta entitled "Darkey Assurance," which is to be preceded to night by the "Tyrolean Warb- lore," "Scenes at Phalon's," and other good things. MATT PEEL'S CAMPBELLS issue a programme well stocked with novelties and comicalities that cannot fail to please Matt.'s delineation of the part of Ginger Bide in the "Vir- ginia Mummy" is very amusing. Go and see it. THE WREN JUVENILES are to give another of their pleasing entertainments at Concert Hall, Newark, N. J., this even- ing. They will perform in the interesting drama entitled "Woman" and laughable farce called the "Smitten Yan- kee." LOST AND FOUND. FOUND—A SMALL BOAT. THE OWNER CAN HAVE the same by proving property and paying charges. Ap- ply at 201 Green street, Jersey City. FOUND—MAY 21, IN ONE OF THE RAILROAD CARS, in going from Williamsburg to Greenpoint, a small sum of money. The owner can have it by calling at 145 Houston street, and proving property. LOST—A PAIR OF GOLD SPECTACLES AND SILVER case, in going from Grand street to Chatham square. The finder will receive a liberal reward by leaving them at 250 Second street. LOST—BETWEEN THE LAFARGE HOUSE AND 360 Broadway, on Monday, between 1 and 2 P. M., a gold bracelet, with seven malachite (green) sets. A reward of $10 will be given on returning it to room 128 Lafarge House. LOST—IN BROOKLYN, ON TUESDAY, THE 1ST INST. on the Fulton avenue cars, between Carlton avenue and Elm place, a purse, containing $25 of the Farmers' and Me chanics' Bank, of Memphis, Tenn. Any person returning the same to H. M. McAllaster, 60 Murray street, will be suita- bly rewarded. LOST—ON MONDAY MORNING, IN THE UPPER PART of the city, a large account book. The finder will be suit- ably rewarded by returning it to Messsrs. G. V. Reilay & Co., corner of North Moore and West streets. LOST—ON TUESDAY MORNING. 8TH INSTANT, BE- tween the hours of 10 and 11 o'clock, in walking on the east side of Broadway, between Bleecker and Bond streets, a lady's mosaic brooch, set in gold. The article being a much valued present, the finder will be rewarded in proportion, by returning same to 63 Pine street, first floor. LOST—THE YOUNG GENTLEMAN WHO FOUND A green parrot opposite E. V. Haughwout & Co.'s store, cor- ner of Broadway and Broome street, on Tuesday evening, will be suitably rewarded by leaving it at their office. LOST OR STOLEN—ON MONDAY, JUNE 7, A BANK book, No. 116,979, on the Bowery Savinga' Bank. Any one finding the same will receive the thanks of the owner by leaving it at the bank, or 538 Pearl street. STRAYED—FROM THE PREMISES OF THE SUBSCRI ber, corner of 100th street and Tenth avenue, on the 6th inst. a red cow, about eight years old. A liberal reward will be given by the owner for any information where she can be found, or any person returning her to the owner will be libe- rally rewarded. CHAS. ENGLES[-]EIST. STOPPED, SUPPOSED TO BE STOLEN, FOUR SILVER spoons. Apply to Mr. Hugh D. Smyth, pawnbroker, 238 East Eighteenth street. REWARDS. $5 REWARD.—LOSTS OR STOLEN, FROM 42 GROVE street, a small black and tan terrier slut; answers to the name of Topsy; had on when lost a leather collar. Who- ever will return her to the above address will receive the above reward. $5 REWARD—LOST. YESTERDAY AFTERNNON, IN going from 79 Grand street to the corner of Wo[-]ster and Broome streets, a large cameo bress[-]in, representing a male and female trend, with a scroll setting. The finder will receive the above reward and the thanks of the owner by leaving it at 79 Grand street. $10 REWARD WILL BE PAID FOR INFORMATION as to where Jno Hitchcock died. He was a native of Westchester county, N. Y., and left there in the year 1812, or five dollars will be paid for the advertisement concerning him, which appeared in the New York papers in the spring of 1857. Apply to CHARLES DELANOY, 28 Horatio st, N. Y $15 REWARD.—LOST, ON SUNDAY NIGHT, JUNE 6, on Third avenue, between Twenty-second and Thirtieth streets, a heavy gold vest chain. The finder will re- ceive the above reward by leaving it at George Kerwin's, 141 East Twenty ninth street. $35 REWARD.—LOST, IN BROADWAY, ON THE 7TH inst., about 4 P. M. between Stewart's store and the Bond Street House, a small pocketbook, containing $31 in bills—one $20, two $5 and one $1 bill— and a receipt of G. F. Lewis, Cleveland, Ohio, of about $2,800, and some other pa- pers of not much value. Whoever will return the same to me at the St. Nicholas Hotel, with papers, &c., will receive the above reward. STEWART S. KENDRICK, St. Nicholas Hotel, room 416. $50 REWARD.—HIRED FROM THE SUBSCRIBER, Friday, June 4, to go to Springfield, a dark sorrel horse, 12 years old, about 15 hands high, short bushy tail, one white hind foot, white stripe in the face; has also a slight twitch in the hind leg when first driven. Also a square box wagon, enamelled leather top, blue cloth bead lining (newly pieced), body painted lake color, and picture of dog on each side; black running gear, with light stripe; maker, J. C. Wolfe, Harrison street, Newark, N. J. Also harness, con sisting of oldish Dutch collar and other gear. The person in a gray suit. A reward of $50 will be given for the return of the theif and properly, or $25 for either. WM. VANDERVERE, No. 9 Harrison street. $100 REWARD.—LOST, ON TUESDAY, THE 8TH inst., a diamond bracelet in the form of a buckle, with nine enamel on the lassel and buckle. The above reward will be paid and no questions asked by leaving it with Tiffany & Co., 550 Broadway. THE TURF. UNION COURSE, LONG ISLAND—TROTTING.—WED- nesday. June 9, at 3 o'clock P. M., a match for $2,000. Mile heats, best three in five, in harness. Hiram Woodruff names b. g. Sam Webster. S. McLaughlin names br. m. Lady Cudney. This race will come off without regard to weather. Stages leave Peck slip ferry. Williamsburg, every fifteen minutes for the course. Cars run from the Fulton ferry, Brooklyn, to East New York, thence by stage to the Course. SHAW & WHITE, Proprietors. UNION COURSE, L.I.—TROTTING—TO DAY, JUNE 9, at 3 P. M. Purse $250. Mile bests, best 3 in 5 to wagons. C. Carl names s. m. Miller's Damsel; Geo. Jenkins names s. g. Mohawk; Mr. Talman names br. g. Panic. SHAW & WHITE, Proprietors. UNION COURSE, L. I.—TROTTING MATCH FOR $1,000, Thursday, June 10, at 3 o'clock P. M. Mile heats, best three in five. H. Woodruff names b. m. Fanny Fern. to 120 lb. wagon. W. Wheelan names b. h. Red John Jackson, to harness. SHAW & WHITE, proprietors. BILLIARDS. A FIRST CLASS BILLIARD ROOM FOR SALE. NO. 59 ½ Broadway, next door to Metropolitan Hotel, known as Keefe's billiard room, with fifteen of Phelan's tables, marble and slate beds, all on one floor, in complete order. A lease of the room given for a term of years. Apply at KEEFE'S restaurant, 594 Broadway. BILLIARDS.—A BILLIARD ROOM, WITH THREE tables, to let, and fixtures for sale, now doing a good business and could be improved by attention, the present owner being unable to attend to it. Location down town. Very little money required. Inquire in the exchange office, 174 Greenwich street. BILLIARDS.—TWENTY FIVE SPLENDID ROSEWOOD tables for sale, at $275 apiece. Everything complete, with marbe or slate beds. Call and examine. Old tables repaired. W. H. GRIFFITH, 146 Fulton street. FOR SALE—A VERY SUPERIOR BILLIARD TABLE, made by Deckr; has been used but a few times in a pri- vate family. Will be sold very cheap for want of room. Ad- dress or apply to OWEN JONES, Jr., 169 Eighth avenue. WANTED TO PURCHASE—THREE BILLIARD TA- bles, rosewood or mahogany; beds must be slate or mar- ble, with balls, cues, maces, brige, marker one, rack, &c., all complete. Address, post paid, box 716 Post office. WANTED TO PURCHASE.—SECOND HAND BILLIARD tables. Beds must be marble or slate. Address, post- paid, box 3,871 Post office. MATRIMONIAL, A GENTLEMAN, ESTABLISHED IN A GOOD BUSI- ness, of prepossessing appearance, would like to cor- respond with a lady of good character and amiable disposi- tion, with a view to matrimony. Money not absolutely neces- sary, though desirable. Communications strictly private. Address H. S. M., Herald office. A BACHELOR, 34 YEARS OF AGE, OF GOOD PER- sonal appearance and strictly moral habits, takes this method, as perhaps the most convenient, of making known his wishes to the opposite sex. He has some cash captial on hand; is not in business at present. He wishes to make the acquaintance of a maiden or widow lady, not under 24 or over 35 years old, of neat and respectable appearance, both with a view to marriage and of getting into some business. A lady in some business preferred. The most satisfactory reference given and required. Address in confidence, Hope, box 168 Herald office, for two days. MATRIMONIAL.—A GENTLEMAN, DESIROUS OF entering into the bands of matrimony, wishes for an in- troduction to a young, handsome lady of moderate wealth: she must be musical, accomplished and of a refined taste, also amiable and agreeable in manner and moving in good society. The advertiser possess all the necessary qualifica- tions for making a home happy; is rich, young and handsome. The strictest secresy can be relied on. Address S. W. W., Madison square Post office. [Column 4] INFORMATION WANTED—OF MRS. ELLEN NOBLE, whose maiden name was Ellen Ennis. When last heard from, which was in August, 1856, she was residing in Kicka- poo City, Kansas Territory. Any information concerning her will be thankfully received by the undersigned as he has something of great importance to communicate to her. Ad- dress M. Cardiff, 81 Cross street, Paterson, New Jersey. INFORMATION WANTED—OF PETER HARMAN, who has been living in this country nearly 22 years. Any information of him will be thankfully received by his brother's daughter, Ann Harman, who is now living with Henry Gallagher, 10 Clarkson street. N. Y. I WISH THAT THE YOUNG MEN WHO TOOK THE Reality out on Sunday, 6th instant, from the Battery, to bring the sail, sprit and boom back, as they are known. They will much oblige me. I want the young man of Eighteenth street to send somebody to fetch them back. PATRICK CLOSEY. $100.000 FOR THE HEIRS OF CATHERINE, widow of Patrick Byrne. $40,000 for the heirs of Mary Cardy, of London. Apply to W. HAYS' Heral- dry and Next of Kin Offices. 327 Broadway, New York who has books of unclaimed moneys, amounting to millions of dol- lars. Fee for search, 83. Coats of arms found, painted and engraved. HOUSES, ROOMS, &C., TO LET. A HOUSE TO LET OR LEASE—AT 67 WARREN street. opposite the Hudson River Railroad depot, suita- ble for a hotel and restaurant. Inquire of WM. LUMMIS & CO., 49 Warren street, or of H. OTTO, 18 River terrace, Ho- boken, N. J. A FURNISHED COUNTRY RESIDENCE TO LET— fronting on Gravesend Bay, commanding a fine view of the ocean and Long Island Sound, with barn and stables attached; has excellent facilities for bathing, fishing, &c. and is within one hour's ride from Brooklyn. Stages pass the door several times during the day. For particulars inquire at 148 Macdougal street. A DOCTOR'S OFFICE, AND FURNISHED ROOMS TO let.—No. 5 Clinton place, a few doors from Broadway. GOOD CHANCE.—TO LET IMMEDIATELYY, THE house 645 Houston street a short distance west of Broad- way; gas, chandeliers, bath, range, &c. Rent $800, or may be purchased on easy terms. B. W. RICHARDS, 307 Broadway. A HANDSOMELY FURNISHED FIRST CLASS HOUSE to let—A short distance from Bond street and Broadway; 21 rooms nearly filled with first class boarders. A portion of the rent taken in board. B.W. RICHARDS, 307 Broadway. A FIRST CLASS MERCHANT TAILORING ESTABLISH- ment in the vicinity of Broadway and Union square, to let with the fixtures and stock, or fixtures without the stock, for sale. Rent low with lease. B. W. RICHARDS, 307 Broadway. A FIRST AND THIRD FLOOR TO LET, IN THOSE handsome new houses in Second avenue, between Twen- ty first and Twenty second streets, with gas, fixtures, Croton water, &c.; well adapted for genteel families. Apply on the premises. A STORE TO LET—IN CHATHAM STREET, IN ONE of the best thoroughfares, beautifully fitted up and suitable for any business; rent low. Immediate pessession given. Apply at 46 Chatham street. COUNTRY RESIDENCE, AT ASTORIA, TO LET OR for sale—Loosted about one mile from the village, fine bay view and large houses, with stable and carriage house, two acres of ground beautifully laid out, and a large variety of fruit and ornamental trees, all in good order. Rent $300. Inquire of CHARLES W. WARD, 64 Front street. FURNISHED HOUSE TO LET—FOR THESE MONTHS; a three story and basement house, situated near Madi- son square; it has all the modern improvements, and is com- pletely furnished, including glass and china; rent $300. Ap- ply to Mr. WM. H. LUSH, No. 292 Fourth avenue. FURNISHED COUNTRY RESIDENCE TO LET FOR the season at Tarrytown, in view of the Hudson. The house has ten rooms. On the premises are a barn and car- raige house and an outdoor kitchen. The grounds embrace two acres, covered with fruit and shade trees, a first rate gar den (planted), a half acre of lawn, brook, fish pond miniature forest, &c. One hour from Thirty first street, eigth minutes walk from railroad station and ten from streamboat landing. Apply to D. A. WOODWORTH, 60 Warren street. FURNISHED HOUSE TO LET—UNTIL THE FIRST OF Mao. A four story English basement, situated in Nine- teenth street; is handsomely furnished and in perfect order, with all the modern improvements To a small private family will be let low. Applo to E. & F. H. SCHENCK, 33 Nassau st. HOUSE TO LET.—THE FIRST CLASS THREE STORY house 275 East Tenth street. It is in perfect order, h[-]a[-] been recently painted and is replete with all the modern improvements, such as bath, gas, &c. To a a good tenant the rent will be low. Apply to R. HOGAN, 177 Macougal st. STATEN ISLAND.—TO LET FOR THE SUMMER OR longer, a well furnished house, containing eight rooms, kitchen, cellar, garden, &c., situated within five minutes' walk of Quarantine landing and commanding a fine view of the bay. The furniture is nearly new and everything ready for immediate housekeeping. Inquire of JOHN B. BEHR- MANN, 57 Liberty street. TO LET—THE THIRD STORY OF 166 CHRISTOPHER street, consisting of front and back room, three bedrooms, and two pantries, all on the same floor. Rent $150 a year. Inquire on the premises, or of F. S. STREET, 22 Beekman st. TO LET—TWO COMFORTABLE FURNISHED FRONT rooms, first floor. To respectable parties rent reason- able. Inquire at 411 Canal street. TO LET—THAT SPLENDID STORE CORNER OF Canal and Varick streets, neatly fitted up for a boot and shoe store or it will be let for any kind of business. Posses- sion immediately. Inquire of H. OSTRANDER, 391 Canal st., next door to the People's Bank, from 8 A. M. to 4 P. M. TO LET—THE LOWER OR UPPER PART OF THE HOUSE 96 Barrow street, near Hudson, with basement and bed- rooms, was house, plenty of cellar room, &c.; is newly painted and in complete order. Rend moderate. Apply on the premises. TO LET—THE NEAT COTTAGE HOUSE 102 EAST Forty-ninth street, near Lexington avenue. It has gas and Croton water in it. Rent moderate to a good tenant. In- quire on the premises. TO LET—18 LISPENARD STREET, UNFURNISHED rooms on the second and third fllors to small families at moderate rents. TO LET—NO. 104 ST. MARK'S PLACE; A FOUR story English basement house, with gas, bath, hot and cold water, and in first rate order; will be let for $500 per an- num to a responsible party. Inquire of H. M. SILVERMAN, 190 William street. TO LET—AT NO. 60 PIKE STREET, PART OF A THREE story brick house. One or two respectable families can be accomodated. Gas through the house, Croton and range in the kitchen. Apply on the premises, or to J. PRICE, 65 Chatham street. TO LET—FOR A PRIVATE RESIDENCE, OR LEASE for a family hotel, a large four story high stoop, brown stone house, with an extension of 40 feet ; 22 rooms, all the improvements, and in perfect order: baths, closets and ex- tension fitted in walnut. KINSRIMER, 325 Fourth avenue. TO LET—A FURNISHED PARLOR AND BEDROOM, in a private family, with the privilege of cooking, where all the comforts of a home can be enjoyed; no objections to board a lady. Inquire at 99 East Twenty eighth street, near Third avenue. Terms very low. Calls reserved for one week. TO LET—PART OF A FULLY FURNISHED HOUSE, with gas, from June 15, for two or three months at $50 per month, consisting of two basements, two parlors and three sleeping rooms. 142 South Third street, Williamsburg. Situation pleasant. TO LET—A LARGE, COMMODIOUS BOARDING house, in the country, furnished or unfurnished; the owner, without family, would like to take board. It costs five cents to reach it from the Fulton ferry, Brooklyn. References required. Possession given immediately. Address B. C., Herald office. TO LET—A RARE OPPORTUNITY—A FINE BILLIARD saloon in a first class hotel on Broadway; rent no conside- ration to a proper tenant who can put in two good billiard tables, marble beds. Call at the Senate House, No. 910 Broadway. TO LET—THE PREMISES NO. 62 EAST BROADWAY, containing a large stone, with basement and twenty-one rooms in the upper part, suitable for a boarding house or hotel. will be let separate or together. Apply on the pre mises. TO LET—FURNISHED, SECOND AND THIRD FLOORS with front and back basement. They will be let together or separate. Also. a furnished house to let, or the furniture will be sold. Apply at No. 75 West Thirteenth street. TO LET AND FOR SALE—AT HARLEM AND VI- cinity, several cottages and dwellings, convenient to steamboats and railroads; rents cheap; gas and Croton in several; building lots also for sale, on desirable streets and avenues. Apply to E. H. BROWN, 121 Nassau street, from 1 to 3 P. M. TO LET OR FOR SALE—A FURNISHED HOUSE with all improvements, good location. Apply at the house 161 West Twenty fifth street, from 8 A. M. to 6 P. M. TO LET OR LEASE—THE FOUR STORY BASEMENT house, 104 Franklin street. It is suitable for a large family, or it can be readily altered for buisness purposes. Ap- ply to C. C. PINKNEY, 72 Wall street, or between 9 and 11 A. M. and and after 3 P. M., to JOSEPH DEALFILD, 104 Franklin street. TO LET OR LEASE—THE FOUR STORY AND BASE- ment house No. 14 West Sixteenth street, with all the mo- dern improvements; rent $1,200. Inquire of J. B. PURROY, 11 Wall street, room 13. TO RENT—A VERY DESIRABLE COTTAGE, CORNER of Caslteton and Bement avenues, on the North shore of Staten Island, with two acres of land handsomely laid out. Stone stable, &c. Spring water brought into the basement and to the stable. Apply to EDWARD BEMENT, 40 Exchange place. THE LOWER PART OF A HOUSE TO LET—TWO PAR- lors and a kitchen; a good place for a doctor's office or a dressmaker. Call soon at 92 East Fifteenth street, near Third avenue. WOODLAWN. 107TH STREET. BLOOMINGDALE road, to let for the summer or longer, at $50 per month. A large house lately used as a hotel, and some 20 acres of ground attached. Apply to W. B. MOFFAT, 335 Broadway, room No. 9. DENTISTRY. DENTISTRY.—TEETH EXTRACTED IN TEN SECONDS, without the slightest pain, by my new and original pro- cess—not freezing. This admirable system is practiced by me only. References given, if required. DR. R. G. DURKIN, 363 Canal street, near Wooster. DR. HENRY VILLERS, DENTIST—(ESTABLISHED IN New York 1827) removed to 277 Grand street.—All dental operations 25 per cent below the usual charge, and all operations warranted the best gold and teeth in use. NEW INVENTION OF ARTIFIUAL TEETH WITH- out metal plate, clasps or extracting the roots, only by S. B. SIGESMOND, surgeon dentist to the Womans' Hospi- tal. At big office, 61 Bleecker street, may be seen the certifi- cates of the first citizens attesting the superiority of his in- vention after eighteen months' trail. The best reference will be given if required. $1. $2, $3—TEETH ON GOLD, WARRANTED, WHOLE sets $8. Beautiful gumotypes, (patented) particularly for ladies. Four premiums awarded. Dr. MANSON. Ame- rican Dental Institute Laboratory. Offices replete, 63 West Twenty-second street, and 358 Sixth avenue. Established 1840. References given. [Column 5] billiard saloon separate; also soda water stand outside. Rent very low. Inquire at corner of Mott street and Chatham square, basement FOR SALE—THE THREE YEARS' LEASE AND FIX- tures of the John street coffee and drinking sallon. Will be sold cheap for each, as the proprietor is leaving for the country. This is no basement. With or without stock. Ap- ply on the premises, 64 John street. FOR SALE—THE LEASE AND FIXTURES OF A FINE segar store, now doing a good business, in good location in South street; lease to run eight years, and well calculated for any other kind of business. Inquire at 62 South street. FOR SALE—TWO PHOTOGRAPH GALLERIES, IN good locations on Broadway, and doing a fine paying business: will be sold cheap for cash, or would be exchanged for unincumbered real estate in or near the city. Apply be- fore 10 o'clock in the gallery 3[-]1 Broadway. [-]. W. GREY. FOR SALE—ONE OF NICHOLS' PATENT COMBINA- tion soda apparatus, having been used but a few times. Will be sold cheap by applying at V. RUSHTON'S manufac- tory, No. 4 Benson street. FOR SALE—AN OLD ESTABLISHED WINE SYRUP, cordial and tobacco round, with a good horse and wagon if required. For particulars inquire at the store 137 West Twenty seventh street from 6 to 10 A. M., or from 6 to 8 P. M. FOR SALE—THE LEASE, STOCK AND FIXTURES OF a good paying corner grocery, one of the best locations in Brooklyn; cheap rent. Will be sold cheap for cash, as the owner has other immediate business to attend to. Apply at 274 Fulton avenue. FOR SALE—IN WILLIAMSBURG, AN OLD AND WELL established express business: the best location in the city; three horses, three wagons and carts. Address L. W., box 291 Herald office. FOR SALE—A FIRST CLASS BAR AND LUNCH room, just opened, and doing a paying business, will be sold cheap or to let to a responsible party. Apply on the premises, 68 Nassan street. FOR SALE—THE NEW RESTAURANT 205 CHAM- bers corner of West street, running through to Reade street. This is one of the best stands in the city; opposite a railroaddepot. Has a two years' lease, and is doing a good business. A cash customer may call on the premise. FOR SALE—THE STOCK, FIXTURES AND LEASE (six years unexpired) of one of the oldest and best cloth- ing establishments in this city. Apply to SAMUEL JESSUP, 466 Pearl street, office of the Manhatten Building Association. FOR SALE—A NEAT LITTLE FITTED UP PORTER house, in a good thoroughfare; a good stand for lager bier, dry goods, boots and shoes, confectionery, clothing or any other business will sell the lease with or without fix- tures. Apply to WILLIAM CLEARLY, 172 Varick street, cor- ner of Charlton. FOR SALE CHEAP—THE FURNITURE AND LEASE of a first class boarding house, with all modern improve- ments, gas, Croton water, bath, &c. Furniture nearly new, only been used six months. Inquire on the premises, No. 32 Howard street. FOR SALE CHEAP—A COFFEE AND CAKE SALOON, on a business thoroughfare down town, handsomely fit- ted up, doing a good business, and low rent. A great bargain is offered. BIGGS & SOUTHWICK, 84 Nassau street. FOR SALE CHEAP—THE LEASE, STOCK, FIXTURES and good will of the public house No. 24 West street, cor- ner of Morris, opposite pier 4 North river, now doing a good business. For particulars inquire on the premises. IRON FOUNDRY FOR SALE—SITUATED IN FIRST avenue, between Twenty-ninth and Thirtieth streets. The place is in complete working order. Inquire of J. T. MAL COLM, No. 9 Chambers street. If not sold at private sale, will be sold at auction on Friday, June 10. PRIVATE WATCHMAN.—FOR SALE, A PRIVATE watchman's post; it is well located, and can be made to pay twice what it does now; will be sold low; sold on account of ill health. Address M. D., box 164 Herald office PATENT RIGHTS FOR SALE AND AGENTS WANTED, for Wright's burglar alarms Apply at the depot 61 Champbers street. Agents can double their money in a day. SOUTHWICK & D'HOMERGUE. RESTAURANTS FOR SALE.—A FORTUNE TO ANY man—the owner having amassed upwards of seventy thousand dollars, is desirous to retire One located on West, one on South. and one, very spacious and finely fitted, in the neighborhood of Wall and Nassau street. Will be sold sepa- rate or together. Call at 1 P. M. at 47 Cedar street. STRAW HAT PRESSERS, ATTENTION.—FOR SALE, A modern straw hat pressing machine, almost new, very cheap; the art of blesching and pressing with it taught in a little while, at West Hoboken. Barclay street, near Palisade avenue. Stages at Hoboken ferry. SEWING MACHINES FOR SALE.—A NUMBER OF Wheeler & Wilson's machines, nearly new, can be bought for cash at this office, cheaper than at any other place in New York or Brooklyn. G.T. LE FORT, 285 Fulton street Brooklyn. N. B.—Advice to parties about buying machines of any kind given gratis. TWO STORES, WITH LEASES, FOR SALE.—ONE A book, periodical and news depot; the other a fancy goods and trimming store; the situation for business is unequalled, being opposite the depots of the Harlem and New Haven Rail- roads. None but cash customers need apply at 369 Fourth avenue. TO HAT MANUFACTURERS.—FOR SALE, THE CELE- brated tri-beather machine for sizing hats, known as Hop- kin's patent, warranted to size 2,200 bats every ten hours with twenty-four hands (twelve men and twelve boys), of a quality of felt superior to work done by hand; or the ma- chine would be leased to a practical hatter who could have the exclusive charge and control of it, upon most favorable terms. Also for sale, say 100 dozen wool hats in different stages of being finished; will be sold low. Also, numerous articles belonging to the hat manufacturing business, such as black walnut finishing table, a large cast iron heather, plank- ing kettles. &c., &c., &c., all at the lowest prices Apply to the subscriber, on the premises. JOHN DOCKHAM, Nos. 12 and 14 Pitt street. TO WATCHMAKERS AND JEWELLERS.—FOR SALE, the stock and fixtures, with three years' lease, at a low rent, of an old established jewelry store, in a good business part of this city, and now doing a good business; established over thirteen years, and has one of the finest show windows in New York. Apply to NICHOLS, GOODWIN & CO., 23 Maiden lane, up stairs. TO BOOT AND SHOE DEALERS—FOR SALE. THE stock, lease and fixtures of a boot and shoe store, 124 Cherry street, opposite Catharine market. (established twen ty five years.) Would answer for the clothing trade. Apply to JOHN C. GRAHAM 77 Catharine street. WILL BE SOLD AT HALF PRICE, AT 66 DUANE street, up stairs, an iron soda fountain stand, or t coun- ter, marble top, suitable for indoors, or out; superior o any- thing of the kind in the city. Also, 100 hat racks. $200,—FOR SALE IMMEDIATELY, THE SEGAR store 820 Broadway, corner of Twelfth-street, with stock, all fixtures and two years' lease. Rent very low, on which account the lease alone is worth the above sum. Satisfactory reasons given for selling out. For further par- ticulars inquire in the store. $350 WILL BUY THE STOCK AND FIXTURES OF a jeweller's business within 45 minutes' of New York. Inquire of GINNEL & BROTHER, 71 Nassau street, corner of John. $600.—FOR SALE, HALF INTEREST IN A FIRST class grocery store established eleven years, and now doing a good cash business Location cannot be sur passed. None but a straight forward man need apply. Ap- ply this day at ROTHSTEIN & CO.'S, 65 Nassau street. $1.100.—FOR SALE, A SPLENDIDLY LOCATED wood yard, East Eighteenth street, with stables, horses, wagons, harness, &c.; fine condition, and doing a prime business; grand chance Also a superior country pro- duce stand in Fulton market, doing a large and fine business; $300. Apply at 347 Broadway, room 15. $3.000.—FOR SALE, A DOWN TOWN RESTAU- rant, completely and handsomely fitted up, well established and desirable for its location, will be sold because the proprietor has to confine his attention to another business. For particulars inquire at 204 Broadway, in the basement. COPARTNERSHIP NOTICES. A PARTNER WANTED—WITH A CAPITAL OF $25,000 or $30,000, in the banking business in a large Western city, the business being well established. Good references required. Address box 2,561 Post office, with name and place for interview. COPARTNERSHIP NOTICE.—THE COPARTNERSHIP heretofore existing between the undersigned has this day been dissolved, by mutual consent. Julius Brown will continue the auction and commission business at 38 Cortlandt street, and arrange the affairs of the late firm. JOHN P. COMPTON, NEW YORK, June 8, 1858. JULIUS BROWN. PARTNER WANTED—WITH $360 TO $500, IN MANU- facturing a staple article, of ready sale for cash, paying from 200 to 400 per cent profit on sales, and no risk. Address A. A. Homer, Herald office. TO PATENT MEDICINE PROPRIETORS.—A PRACTI- cal chemist having all the accommndations for compound- ing, packing &c., would like to become connected with any branch of the business as partner or otherwise. Address F. W. H., Union square Post office. $100.—A YOUNG MAN WANTED, WITH THE above amount, to take an equal interest in a very respectable saloon on Broadway; one willing to tend bar may address for further particulars, with references and real name, N. A. T., Herald office. $200 TO $500—PARTNER WANTED.—A YOUNG man of good address, who can invest this amount in the business immediately, on security can have an interest worth $100 per month, in a sewing machine agency in this city; advertiser holding a right. Address Sewing Machine, box 117 Herald office. $300 TO $500.—I WANT EITHER TO GET INTO some respectable business, with an outlay of from $300 to $500, or to obtain a situation as clerk, or to act in any capacity by which I can obtain an honest living. Address W., box 701 Post office. $5,000 OR $10,000—AN INTEREST TO THIS amount is offered in a most valuable patent which will yield a large fortune in a few years as it must be used extensively by the United States government and large incorporated companies. Address G. Thomas, Herald office, for a few days $5,000 OR $6,000.—A COMPETENT PERSON, WITH this amount can become partner in a very lucrative, well established business, or a situation at $1,000, and money amply secured. BIGGS & SOUTHWICK, 84 Nassau street. $6.000 TO $8,000—IN AN ESTABLISHED PAYING business done for cash, with the first merchant in the city, down town; long lease of store at a low rent. None but parties of the first respectability treated with. Ad- dress Merchant, box 2,339 Post office. RESTAURANTS. THE RIGHT OF SEARCH IS AT PRESENT ONE OF the most important questions; but the ladies prefer the right to use one of Giffing's patent ice breakers. Buy one, and judge for yourselves. For sale at all the hardware and furnishing stores in the Union. Manufactured by F. STE- VENS, 177 Greenwich street. OCULISTS AND AURISTS. HARD HEARING AND DEAFNESS—DR. MATTHEW. aurist, from Berlin, (Prussia,) cures this affliction posi- tively in a very short time, by his only successful treatment. It is a rare chance for anybody who is afflicted with it to re- store his health. Office 30 Amity street; open from 9 to 12 A. M., and 2 to 5 P. M. [Column 6] watering ev[--] [---] surrounded by picturesque scene[-] house attractive in appearance, and ample in accommodat[-] for a large family; with all modern improvements, s[-] rounded with shade trees; extensive out buildings, all in p[-] fect order; large orchard and all kinds of fruit; fine neig[-] borhood perfectly healthy, two hours' ride from the o[-] half a mile from depot The whole will be sold cheap [-] cash, or exchanged for first class c[--]y or Brooklyn im[-] property. WRBB & PARKHURST, 15 John street. COUNTRY RESIDENCE ON LONG ISLAND FOR SAL[-] Consisting of about ten acres of good land, all under[-] good state of cultivation, with plenty of fruit of various kin[-] flowers, shrubbery, &c. good house, barn and other ou[-] ings; good water, both spring and rain, at the door. T[-] above is situated at Newtown, L. [-], 4½ miles from Peck s[-] and Grand street ferries, and accessible by railroad or stag[-] any hour in the day. Very little cash required. Apply [-] 165 Sixth avenue, N. Y. COUNTRY SEAT AT YORKERS FOR SALE OR T[-] let.—A first class mansion, with every conveniencek bu[-] in the best manner, siturate on the Hudson, commanding [-] full view of the river for sixty miles. Also for sale, adjoinin[-] the above, several beautiful building sites, of ten or mor[-] acres. For particulars apply to M. T. BOLMER, near th[-] premises, or to C. H. BUCKMASTER, 112 Front street. COTTAGE AND GROUNDS AT BULL'S FERRY FOR sale or to let.—The cottage has just been newly painted [-] it is partly furnished, and is about a quarter of a mile fro[-] the terry, to which boats ply three times a day from the fo[-] of Spring street North river. It comprises an acre of groun[-] which is different species of fruit trees; flower garden in f[-]o[-] and rear and three wells of water. The road, on the ban[-] of the Hudson, immediately under the Pallisades, and which [-] almost finished, affords the most beautiful drive in the cou[-] try. There is stable room for some eight or more hors[--] Apply at 46 Broad street, in the rear. FARM AND MILL PROPERTY.—WILL BE SO[-] without reserve on 10th of June, at Damascus Way[-] county, Penn., a valuable farm, with grist mill, saw m[-] smith shop, store and five dwellings, 485 acres heavy ti[-] For full particulars see advertisement in New York Tim[-] on Mondays and Thursdays. FOR SALE—FIRST CLASS FOUR STORY HOUSE N[-] Lamartins place, Twenty-ninth streeth, between Eigh[-] and Ninth avenues. Terms easy. Apply to H. WOOD, [-] Broadway. FOR SALE—A GOOD SIZED HOUSE ON TWO LO[-] at West Hoboken, N. J., corner of Palisade avenue a[-] Barclay street. Stable, well and fruit trees on the premise[-] Inquire in the rear. The situation and view from it are ma[-] nificent. Stages at Hoboken ferry. FOR SALE—RARE CHANCE.—A VALUABLE A[-] never falling water power, with three large stone fac[-] ries; with all necessary out buildings and 19 dwellings f[-] operatives, together with a large stone mansion, favorably [-] cated. Those in want of the above kind of property will se[-] dom meet a better chance for investment. Terms to suit pu[-] chasers. Also three houses and lots in Williamsburg. App[-] to C. W. HOUGHTON & CO., 16 Wall street. FOR SALE—A BEAUTIFUL ENGLISH GOTHIC CO[-] tage and eight lots of land, within half hour's ride [-] Fulton ferry; the house contains parlor, dining room. [-] kitchen and souliery on the first floor; good celler unde[-] neath, and four bedrooms on a second floor; the garden is ta[-] fully laid cut, a magnificent grape arber, large stable &[-] very easy. Inquire of WM. MATTHEWS, 107 Frank [-] street, New York. FOR SALE CHEAP—A GENERAL THREE STOR[-] basement and cellar brick house and lot on the north sid[-] of Forty-ninth street first house east of Second avenue, wi[--] all modern improvements. But little money required. Appl[-] to WM. SEARS on the premises, or to A. M. BURR, counse lor at law, 167 Broadway. FOR SALE OR EXCHANGE—A HIGHLY PRODUCTIV[-] and beautiful farm of 240 acres situated on the ea[-] bank of the Hudson river, 122 miles from this city. It is we[-] adapted for stock or dairy purposes. Good house, two barn[-] hay press, cow house, wagon house, ice house, &c., &c., The[-] are many elegant building sites on a high bluff, for about on[-] half of a mile in extent, which gently slopes to the water, s[-] Hudson River Railroad. The lowest cash price is $24,000 [-] would be exchanged for a place of greater or less value, sit[-] ate at any prominent point between Poughkeepsie and Riv[-] Dale, or in the vicinty of any populated town on the ea[-] bank of the Hudson, within three hours of New York D. B. ALGER, 316 Washington street FOR SALE OR EXCHANGE—ONE PLOT OF 7 LO[-] on Palisade avenue, West Hoboken, fronting the hill o[-] posite Fourteenth street. One plot of 12 lots, same place, opposite Eighteenth stree[-] These have the finest view of New York. 30 lots, 50x100, in Mount Vernon, on the Harlem and Ne[-] Haven Railroad, one hour's ride. A good pair of carriage horses taken in part paymen[-] Terms easy. Inquire of G. FRASH, 172 William street. FOR SALE OR TO LET—A HANDSOME COTTAG[-] ten rooms, corner of Seventy-ninth street and Eleven[-] avenue; every convenience for getting to and from the ci[-] by railroad and stages. Inquire at Burnham's Mansion Hous[-] Seventy-ninth street and Broadway. FOR SALE OR TO LET—A RESIDENCE AT WESTPOR[-] Conn., recently occupied by [-]. Moulton, Req. House in[-] good order. About one acre of land. Plenty of fruit and [-] garden. Will be let til April, 1859, for $125. Inquire of A[-] GRAY, Esq, near the premises. FOR SALE, TO LET OR EXCHANGE—299 SECOND avenue, a first class English basement house, 26x54, four stories and basement. A beautiful location for a private resi- dence. Apply on the premises, from 8 to 11, or 4 to 7 P. M. FOR SALE OR TO LEASE.—A RARE OPPORTUNITY for obtaining a magnificent summer residence. In conse- quence of ill health the owner is obliged to take a sea voyage. He will sell or lease his country seat, situated on the Hudson river, a short distance from the city. The house is eligibly located, containing modern improvements, for health and scenery unsurpassed. Address box 3,19 Post office. HIGH BRIDGE, HIGH BRIDGE.—FOUR SPEENDID corner building lots, facing the Harlem river and over- cooking the High Bridge, to be given away for $300. Apply to T. S. VAUGHAN, 679 Broadway. IOWA LANDS WANTED—IN EXCHANGE FOR A fine country residence, convenient to the city. Any one having good farming lands near railroad or water communi- cation, I can offer good trade. Inquire of A. HAWKINS, No. 3 Nassau street. THREE VALUABLE LOTS, MORE THAN FULL SIZE. on Thirty-seventh street, near Third avenue, for sale. All the purchase money can remain on mortgage Apply to J. A. O'REILLY, 147 Water street, from 10 to 4 o'clock. THE MANUFACTURING ESTABLISHMENT, 66 DUANE street up stairs, consisting of stock and machinery, valued at $18,000, will be exchanged for a residence in or near this city, or other property. The business is a profitable one. No agent need apply. WILL BE SOLD CHEAP.—A NEW THREE STORY brick dwelling house, in Thirty Third street, opposite the Institution for the Blind; has sub-cellar, high stoop, Cro- ton, furnace, gas, &c: location one of the most pleasant in the city. The furniture will be disposed of with the house if desired. If you want a bargain call on J. B. JENKINS, 26 Perry street, in the morning early, or during the evening, or at the office of Charles A. Fowler, 65 Wall street, during busi- ness hours. $7[-]00 can remain on bond and mortgage. $65.—ANY ONE WISHING TO INVEST $65 TO GOOD advantage can buy a building lot worth double that sum, in the centre of a beautiful village, one hour from City Hall. Address Cash, box 126 Herald office. 464 LOTS IN JERSEY FOR SALE CHEAP OR EX- change.—These lots are only eight blocks from the Cunard steamship docks; consequently well loo[--]ed for buildings, or for cost or other yards They contain about forty acres in one plot, with an extensive water front, and will be sold at a great bargain, or exchanged in part for good railroad bonds or a stock of dry goods. Inquire of S. F. TOWNSEND, 82 Nassau street, where the maps can be seen. This property offers a rare chance for investment or specula- tion, and is increasing in value faster than any property in this vicinty. $1.000 CASH DOWN WILL PURCHASE ONE OF the row of eight splendid brown stone houses on Forty-eighth street, near seventh avenue or any of some forty other houses, worth from $7,000 to $16,000 each; have all the modern improvements; or will exchange for desirable lots to improve. Balance of the purchase money on each to suit. Inquire of HENRY L. BULKLEY, Forty-seventh street, near Sixth avenue. 2.300 ACRES OF BEST MISSOURI LANDS. AT LOW prices, to exchange for merchandise. They are situated in the counties of Warren, Osage, Jefferson and St. Genevieve. and most desirably located. BIGGS & SOUTHWICK, 84 Nassau street. $5.000.—A SUPERIOR BUSINESS AND LOCA- tion on the Erie canal, cash trade, perfect title, unensumbered, to exchange for merchandise or Brook- lyn property; will trade liberally. BIGGS & BOUTHWICK, 84 Nassau street. RAILROADS. HUDSON RIVER RAILROAD.—EXPRESS TRAINS for Albany and Troy, stopping at pricipal stations, connecting with Northern and Western trains, leave Cham- bers street at 6 and 11:30 A. M. and 5 P. M.; through accom- modation train at 10 P. M. A. F. SMITH. Superintendent. NEW YORK AND HARLEM RAILROAD COMPANY. SUMMER ARRANGEMENT. Commencing Monday, May 17, 1858. Trains leave depot corner of White and Centre streets, New York, at 6:15 P. M. White Plains train, stopping at all stations. Trains leave depot corner of Twenty sixth street and Fourth avenue, New York, at 8:10 A. M., Williamsbridge train, stopping at all stations, 8:30 A. M., mail train, stopping at Williamsbridge and all [--]ations north. 11 A. M., Williamsbridge train, stopping at all stations. 11:30 A. M., White Plains train, do. do. do. 2:30 P. M., Williamsbridge train, do. do. do. 4 P. M., White Plains train, do. do. do. 5 P. M., Dover Plains train, stopping at Williams bridge and all stations north. 5:40 P. M., White Plains train, stopping at all stations. 8:30 P. M., Williamsbridge train, do. do. do. Returning, leave Chatham Four Corners, 12:50 P. M., mail trail, stopping at Williamsbridge, White Plains and all stations north. WM. J. CAMPBELL, Superintendent. PENNSYLVANIA RAILROAD. The great central route to the West. Time at least as short and rates of fare and freight as low at all times as by short and rates of fare and freight as low at all times as by any other route. For passage tickets or to contract for frieght from New York to any point in the entire West, call at the company's office, No. 2 Astor House, New York. J. L. ELLIOT, Passenger Agent. LERCH & CO, Freight Agents. CORPORATION NOTICES. NOTICE.—THE COMMITTEE ON ASSESSMENTS OF the Board of Councilmen will meet on Wednesday, the 9th inst., at 2 P. M., at the office of the deputies for making assessments, 32 Chambers street. Parties interested in the confirmation of assessments for regulating, &c., Lexington avenue, between Forty-second and Fiftieth streets; regulat- ing, &c., Forty seventh street, between Third and Eigth ave- nues, and paving, with Belgian or block pavement, Third avenue, between Forty fourth and Fifty sixth streets, or who are opposed to the same are notified to appear. PETER CRAWFORD, Committee SAML. W. GALPIN, GEORGE ROSS, H. W. GENET, JOHN H. BRADY, NOTICE.—THE COMMITTEE ON TAXES OF THE Board of Councilmen will meet in the City Library Room, No. 12 City Hall, on Thursday the 10th instant. at 1 P. M. The following persons are notified to attend, viz. :— Wm. Browning, R. J. C. Leake, Wm. A. Van Wagener. An- drew C. Mitchell, John Sykes, Jr., M. Brakely, Daul. Curtis, E. D. Stanton and John Ryan, of Church of Immaculate Conception; Hamuel hotaling, J. D. Dekey, Margaret V. Garrugus, Harriet Washburn, A. S. Hammersley, Martha Davis, John R. Shaw, Marble Stone Dressing Company, Wm. T. Jennings, John Trainor, John J. Hollister, Ira W. Gre- gory, Ellis A. Bloomfield, Jacob R. Demarest, Mrs. Eliza A. Farr and Janes, Beebe & Co. PETER CRAWFORD, Committee M. GILMARTIN, JOHN H. BRADY, ----- new page (VMSS792_S3_SS14_B17A_F15_I2_p001.jpg) The Latest News from Utah. THE ARMY TO START FOR SALT LAKE IMMEDIATELY— WILL THE MORMONS FIGHT? ETC. SPECIAL CORRESONDENCE OF THE HERALD. CAMP SCOTT, June 5, 1858. The Eastern mail closes at seven o'clock this morning. I said in my letter from Laramie that that much talked of express which left Fort Leavenworth in such hot haste on the 13th of April did not bring instructions staying any of Gen. Johnston's military operations, nor has he ever re- ceived any such. The army has never thought of turning back, nor has it ever supposed the Mormons of their canons could stay it, if the weather, provisions and ar- rivals would permit it to advance. The "Peace" Commissioners and the head of the army agree perfectly. The former have said to the latter, "Do not delay a single hour on our account" That suits the army. Colonel Hoffman and Captain Marcy are expected to arrive to-day or to-morrow with their commands. Then just so soon as the trains can be received, the provi sions taken in charge by the Quartermaster, and the ani mals divided and put in their proper places, we expec to start for Mormondom. If it is a question of time it may be the shortest to take a new road; everybody almost expects though that we will go via Echo canon It is said there are no Mormon forces now along that route We expect no armed opposition in going into the holy city of the Saints; we may, however, meet considerable. The Saints feel very anxious to gather their crops, which will be ripe by the 1st of July. Before that time the ar my must be among them, and may yet have an important word to say as to whether they shall either gather or de- stroy them. At any rate the army ought to reach Salt Lake valley before grain is dry enough to burn As for their burning the city, we doubt it, but cannot tell what so strange a people may be led to do. That Brigham will accept the pardon I think is very doubtful. It is doubtful whether he will be able to go down to Sonora this season, even if left alone. The body of the Mormons are very poor and lack transportation. If they remain to secure their crops they must intend to winter at least in some valley in the south of the Territory, perhaps near Fillmore. Some say Provo is the boundary line for Brigham's plans, which is to be the dividing line between Saints and sinners. I think, however, he pro poses to dispose of his church further from Salt Lake City. The "mountain robbers" say there is a beautiful valley in the White Mountains in which they can pass the win- ter, far from the possibility of man. One great difficulty Brigham feels is in getting out of this scrape in such a way as not to decrease his apostolic au- thority and influence. He will have to pursue a course consistent with his past declarations or be in danger of destroying his church militant. That he will attempt to delay matters to keep the question open another season is probable. He has declared that he will not fight, but, nevertheless, will whip the United States troops. How? By running away. If, however, the troops press him too hard in his flight, the lion may show his teeth. That he don't want to fight is evident; that he wants to save this season's crops is certain; that he then desires to get out of our possessions safely, with as many of his deluded followers as possible, is apparent. His game will be played to that end, and unless he is strongly opposed he will succeed in it. We will see what we shall see, and shortly too, I hope. ----- new page (VMSS792_S3_SS14_B17A_F15_I2_p002.jpg) ?Our Legislative Assembly of 1856-7 sent a memorial to the President of the United States. In that memorial were measurably enumerated what we consider to be our con- stitutional rights, was pointed out, in part, wherein we had been wronged, and a request made to have the Terri- torial offices filled from a list appended; but if that should not be done, to at least give us good men for rulers. Was there anything in that document to warrant the reception it met, even though we make allowance for that feeling in man which leads him to think, when a wrong action has been laid to his charge, that the odium consequent there- upon is also heaped upon him? That was not the case with us; we merely pointed out wrongs we had received, and were willing to accept them as errors in judgment rather than in intention. A distinguished member of the Cabinet remarked that he considered that memorial equivalent to a declaration of war; and for the same reason—there is no other—the mail contract was taken from Mr. Kimball, after an ex- penditure of over $100,000, from which there has been but a paltry return. Where is our boasted liberty, when objecting to such officials as most who have been sent here, whom every honest man is conscientiously bound not to receive, disqualifies us, in the eyes of government, for the rights of freemen, and brands us with the name of traitors? Now, sir, let us examine the policy of the present ad- ministration in regard to Utah, bearing in mind the fol lowing facts:— 1st. The government have not made treaties with the Indians—have not paid us our just dues. 2d. They have heretofore appointed officers to preside over our welfare whose very presence, it is widely known, was an outrage on common decency. 3d. We petitioned, through our Assembly, to have good men for rulers, and declared that such would have been courteously received and strictly obeyed, but it was plainly stated that if such men were sent here as had been previously, they would be sent back. 4th. Because our Legislature dared to exercise the right of petition, we are denied mail facilities, and branded as traitors. 5th. The reports of the returning officials about the in- justice of our courts, the breaking up of the Supreme Court and the rebellion of the Mormons, are as base false- hoods as were ever hatched in hell or propagated by the devil. From current report we learn that you have appointed and intend importing a full set of civil (?) officers for Utah, even down to a Postmaster for Great Salt Lake City; and that they are fully qualified to enjoy the contempt so deservedly bestowed by the Utonians upon their prede- cessors, we are satisfied beyond doubt. We accept your hint, although it is rather delicate (?) for the occasion, that you have not only denied us a voice in choosing our rulers, but have appointed men the opposite of those we petitioned for, and have determined to enforce them upon the citizens of this Territory by placing 2,500 United States troops under their control. Is this the jus- tice that dwells in the breast of a chief magistrate ? Have an hundred thousand people no rights? You have tried us without hearing our defence; passed sentence, not giv- ing us the benefit of a doubt; and, sir, we have no assu- rance that you will not attempt to carry the remainder of the sentence into effect. Their cry has been, "Send an army to Utah—exterminate the Mormons." We are fully convinced that the presence of an army can only be tolerated when the evil to be dispelled is greater than the evil of their presence. It has been re- iterated again and again, by the troops selected to come here, that they intended to possess our houses, slay our leaders, ravish our wives and daughters, and pollute the pure valleys of Utah with their fiendish revelries. This they well knew would not be tamely borne, and thus they would gain an excuse, under color of which, if they had the power, would be enacted those scenes of bloodshed and cruel oppression which have no parallel in history. The army is now upon our borders. Say they, “Our mission is peace; we come to establish the laws.” Is the business of an army peace ? What laws have we broken? Not the laws of the United States nor of this Territory: we dare proof to the contrary. If they come to establish the common law of Great Britain, or the by-laws of Bedlam, we have law enough without, and their presence is unne- cessary. If they come to crush out from our bosoms that noble feeling, American independence—hallowed by our father’s blood, and bequeathed to us as a sacred boon— the task is greater than they can perform. Your army will not be permitted to enter our valleys. We wish for peace, but we will sacrifice all the fruits of our labors rather than surrender our domestic peace and inalienable rights. Although it has been provided, and wisely so, that a majority of suffrages shall elect the President of this na- tion, does it follow that they have a right to require that President to oppress the minority? In fact, we are tho- roughly convinced that majorities have no right which is not shared with minorities, and we submit that, under the constitution and laws of the United States, no man has au- thority to demand aught which will interfere with the rights of another. Yet, if we go beyond popularity, where can we find a single reason for the present demonstrations against Utah? And now, sir, at your hands we demand that justice which has ever been denied us. Pay us those just dues which have been so long and illegally withheld, and ap- point good men to rule us, who have discernment to per- ----- new page (VMSS792_S3_SS14_B17A_F15_I2_p003.jpg) ceive our wants, and sufficient judgment to promote our welfare; withdraw your army, grant us our rights, and receive the heartfelt gratitude of a whole people. Continue the injustice of your present course, and your grave will be pointed out as that of the man who broke the noblest of national compacts—your name be consigned to future generations with lasting infamy. ELIJAH F. SHEETS, A. H. RALEIGH, GILBERT CLEMENTS, J. M. WHITMORE, WILLIAM MOODY, Committee on behalf of the citizens of Great Salt Lake City, Great Salt Lake County, Utah Territory. GREAT SALT LAKE CITY, U.T., Jan. 16, 1858. ----- new page (VMSS792_S3_SS14_B17A_F15_I3_p001.jpg) An Address FROM THE CITIZENS OF GREAT SALT LAKE CITY TO HIS EXCELLENCY JAMES BUCHANAN, PRESIDENT OF THE UNITED STATES. A meeting was held in Salt Lake City on the 16th Janu- ary, at which the following address was adopted:— SIR—Unused alike to the fawning sycophancy of modern office-seekers and the rough personalities of sectional strife, we choose rather to address you in the plain lan- guage of American citizens, respectfully, yet firmly, de- manding at the hands of the Chief Magistrate our inalien- able rights. To us who dwell in the mountains, far from the busy world without, the term chief magistrate implies a man who, from an innate consciousness that he is capa- ble of benefitting the people, can solicit their votes with- out servility, administer justice without favor, and one who will strive to be worthy of the great confidence re- posed in him. When such an one is at the helm of state, his course is marked by peace and good order at home, respect and consideration abroad. It is with nations as with individuals: gentle treatment and thoughtful care are often more efficacious in curing systematical derangements than the most pungent pre scriptions. Sound policy, if no other motive, would im- press upon the President of the United States the necessity of cherishing and protecting the interests of the Territo- ries, for it is presumable that such districts more particu- larly require a kindly, fostering care. Two years since the census was taken, a constitution formed, and a delegation was sent to Washington from the citizens of Utah to lay before Congress our petition for a State government. Senators and representatives declined interesting themselves in our behalf, on the ground that they "would lose their political influence." The makers and administrators of our federal laws have thus declared that American citizens shall not only for crime be disfran- chised, but also on the score of unpopularity. They have refused, in point of fact, to make us a State or give us the rights of a Territory. Whether or not these were the in- tentions of our fathers in battling for freedom, we refer you to the administrations of George Washington and An- drew Jackson. The circumstances under which this Territory was set- tled are matters of publicity. The strong hand of oppres- sion had bereft us of lands which government had gua- ranteed to us the possession, and of homes created by un- tiring industry. We came to this desert, mountainous country, and hoped here to unmolestedly enjoy those rights which we had been denied in Ohio, Missouri and Illinois. We were very poor, and our young men were far from us, having enlisted to fight the battles of that country which had refused them protection from mob law. That, sir, stands upon the pages of history: a mark of patriotism rarely, if ever, equalled—never surpassed. Considering these facts, was it strange that we should look to the parent government for an extension of those rights which heretofore had been denied us? How far our anticipations were warranted, subsequent events have determined. Trusting that the services of the Mormon battalion would be remembered by Congress, and the fact that no inducements had been offered to settle a country that would otherwise have remained a desert to this day, we have felt no hesitation in locating on lands claimed as pub- lic domain. No treaties have been made with the Indians in this as in other Territories, nor scarcely so much as even a few miserable presents made them, if we except an altogether unprecedented expenditure of private means. Our kind treatment and liberality have secured unto us the friend- ship of the Indians, not, as has been laid to our charge, to tamper with them, but on the principle that it is cheap- er to feed and clothe than to fight them. Even the ac- counts of the Superintendent of Indian Affairs have often been disallowed, when at the same time they have been far, very far less than those allowed in other Territories, and we are well assured that he has never demanded one dollar which was not justly his due. We have fed and fought the Indians, to preserve life and secure public do- main; in either case compensation has been refused. The one unfinished wing of our State House is a fair type and lasting monument of the liberality and fostering care of our government. Mankind are the creatures of circumstances and habit. It is said that constant custom will reconcile them to prac- tices the most odious. This, beyond doubt, is exactly the case with the present administration; else how can the principles for governing, made public both in the Cincin- nati democratic platform and your inaugural address, be reconciled with the old British colonial usage of appoint- ing rulers against the unanimous wish of those to be ruled? If the opposite is the case, a fact is conveyed infamous be- yond precedent. We cannot think the people of the United States so far lost to all decency as to elect a man to the chair of state who has no principles of honor or consistency. If this is the case, we must believe that this most noble of national fabrics is unappreciated, and the nation doomed to anar- chy, confusion and bloodshed by a justly offended God. There is a class of persons whose greediness for office is only equalled by their disregard of the means of obtaining it and unfitness for it. These persons act as scavengers in politics; hence honorable members often find it more con- venient to give them a recommend for an appointment to some official dignity in the Territories than to endure the unhappy mixture of impudence, ignorance and affectation which is their characteristic. From the above causes Judges of the Supreme Court of this Territory have come here as ignorant of law as of common decency—have insulted the people, and outraged the dignity of the bench. They have permitted a public prostitute which they imported to sit with them upon the bench. Nor is this all. They have one day petitioned the Presi- dent to continue Brigham Young as Governor, because of his fidelity and trustworthiness, and the next intrigued for the appointment themselves. The [illegible] Mar shal, incurred by the express [page is torn] were disallowed by the advice of [page is torn] number, who, the very next spring, went to [page is torn] valley and bought seve- ral thousand dollars of the Marshal’s drafts at fifty per cent discount. Whether adv[-]ces from Washington induced him to indulge in the speculation we are unable to say. One, and perhaps the only reason why the returning officials have been hostile towards us is, that the United States appointees are usually the only habitual loafers, whoremasters, drunkards and gamblers in the Territory, and parents have been compelled, in self defence, to hold them up to their children as an example which should never be imitated. Do our best interests demand such rulers?—our intelligence such insult? ----- new page (VMSS792_S3_SS14_B17A_F15_I4_p001.jpg) NEWS FROM UTAH. Late and Interesting News from Salt Lake City. We have news from Utah up to the middle of February. Matters look very belligerent, and the aspect of affairs has an ominous appearance. The Mormons are making preparations for the spring campaign, and are in no way disposed, judging by the harangues of the leaders, to submit to the United States. A re- port, on reliable authority, has it that Brigham Young had furnished passports to eight hundred and forty discontented Mormons, who had set out for Cali- fornia. The mail carrier who arrived at Los Angeles a fortnight since met them four hundred miles from San Bernardino, as they were hurrying through. This fact in- dicates that a large number of the inhabitants of Salt Lake are more dissatisfied than Young is willing to admit; and ad- ditional fugitives from the Mormon city may be expected as the condition of things grow more threatening. Preparations were on foot to attack Col. Johnston and intercept his supplies, and it was currently rumored that a battle had taken place. It is now believed that in consequence of no force being on this side to operate against the Mormons, they will have but little difficulty in maturing their plans, and their means of offence will be much increased thereby. It has been a severe disappointment to the people of Cali- fornia that Congress has not provided for raising troops on this side. The military spirit rose to a high pitch, and for several months the organization of military companies and enrolling of volunteers was prosecuted with great vigor. The report that Gen. Scott intended to come here was taken as an indication of change in the views of that distinguished officer; and the statement published in the HERALD that Gen. Harney had been assigned to duty on the Pacific, to superintend operations against the Mormons, has revived the hopes of those who desire to participate in the spring campaign. We have received a file of the Deseret News to the 3d February. One number contains a brief autobiography of Brigham Young. He claims to be the grandson of a revolutionary soldier. The Territorial Legislature adjourned on the 22d Janu- ary, and during the whole session every vote was unani- mous. It appears from some poetry or rhymes addressed to Gen. D. H. Wells that all the Mormon troops have returned to Salt Lake City. The poet says “our conquest is bloodless and blest." There is nothing in the News about the position or con- dition of the United States troops, nor is anything said of any struggle of any kind with them. ----- new page (VMSS792_S3_SS14_B17A_F15_I4_p002.jpg) The San Francisco Herald says:—Notwithstanding all their boasting and bragadocio, we have positive advices that great destitution and want exist at Salt Lake. The Elders were endeavoring to stir the people up to produce everything for themselves, but their spirits had gotten to a pretty low ebb, requiring all the address and tact of Brigham and the Twelve to keep them to the Mormon grindstone. MORMON ORDERS. About the 10th January an order was issued by the church that the people should have boxes made to con- tain about 150 pounds, to pack their grain in them, and bring them to the Elders, who would take charge of them and "cache" them in the mountains. Another order was issued, that a company of 1,000 men should hold themselves in readiness to go into the moun- tains on the 17th February, and cut off supplies coming to the army. In the meantime forty wagons loaded with supplies had reached Col. Johnston's command from Fort Laramie. The army was in good health, had plenty of provisions and good tents, and was engaged in rebuilding Fort Bridger. The authorities of Salt Lake City are represented as be- ing still inclined for war. Measures are being concerted for defeating the United States troops, or at all events, keeping them outside the city till the crops are gathered and scoured. MORMON ROGUES. Brigham Young says:—Can we feed and clothe our- selves? Yes, we can, as well as any people on the earth. We have a goodly share of the talent, genius and ability in the world; it is combined in the Elders of this church and in their families. And if the Gentiles wish to see a few tricks we have "Mormons" that can perform them. We have the meanest devils on earth in our midst, and we intend to keep them, for we have use for them; and if the devil does not look sharp we will cheat him out of them at the last, for they will reform and go to heaven with us. We have already showed the invading army a few tricks, and I told Captain Van Vleit that if they per- sisted in making war upon us I should share In their sup- plies. The boys would ride among the enemy’s tents, and one of their captains ran into Col. Alexander’s tent one night, saying—“Why, Colonel, I’ll be damned if the Mormons won’t be riding into your tent, if you don’t look out." MORMON RESOLUTIONS. Mass meetings have been held in all the various dis- tricts and towns of Utah, expressive of the people’s entire confidence in Brigham Young, and their approval of his acts and those of the Territorial Assembly. Their spirit may be gathered from the following extracts:— Resolved, That we regard the movements of the present administration, in sending their armed legions into our midst, as a renewal of the persecution, butcheries and horrid scenes of destruction with which their eyes were gloated when we were in their midst. Resolved, That we highly approve of the constitutional, patriotic and humane course pursued by his Excellency, Governor Brigham Young, in taking efficient measures to intercept the progress of these unwelcome, unasked and corrupting intruders. Resolved, That we fully approve of the resolutions pas- sed in the Legislative Assembly, endorsing and approving the acts of the Governor in relation to the invading army; and we heartily concur in the spirit and sentiments ex- pressed in the memorial adopted in the Legislative Assem- bly Jan. 6, 1858. Resolved, That no officer appointed by the administra- tion shall exercise any dominion over us while their ar- mies are menacing our Territory. Resolved, That we would be recreant to every principle of honor, patriotism, virtue, integrity, self respect and common decency should we tamely submit, like the me- nial serfs of Russia, to he ruled by the bayonet. Resolved, That inasmuch as we have many times been driven from our homes, and our farms and habitations having fallen into the hands of our persecutors, and they permitted to enjoy them in peace, we are determined that henceforth our enemies shall not possess the fruits of our labor; for we will burn and utterly destroy every- thing we possess; and that our now comfortable homes shall again become a barren waste, as we found it in the year 1847, rather than a hostile enemy shall inhabit our dwellings and glut themselves on the produce of our farms and orchards. Resolved, That we know most assuredly that the course taken by his Excellency towards the mob on our borders, reported to be United States troops, has been merciful, knowing as he did their avowed object to bring misery and death upon an innocent and unoffending people; and that we further know that had it not been for the confi- dence reposed in his wise counsels by the people of this Territory, and for his restricting influence, the Justly out- raged feelings of the whole community would have been ----- new page (VMSS792_S3_SS14_B17A_F15_I4_p003.jpg) manifested in a manner that would have effectually put a stop to the progress of the invaders in the early part of their movements towards our mountain home, and that they have abundant reason to thank Governor Young that they have not been sent from their present hell to a lower one by the shortest possible route. ----- new page (VMSS792_S3_SS14_B17A_F15_I5_p001.jpg) ?THE NEWS FROM UTAH COL. KANE AT FORT LEAVENWORTH. THE WAR PROBABLY ENDED. ST. LOUIS, Thursday, May 20, 1858. The steamer John H. Dickey, from Leavenworth on the 17th inst., brings intelligence of the arrival of Col. Kane and Abbé Gilbert at that place on Sunday last. The latter stated that Brigham Young had ab- dicated, and that Gov. Cumming at last dates was thirty miles from Salt Lake City, accompanied by a deputation of fifty Mormons sent to meet him. From The St. Louis Republican, May 18. As a matter of course, great interest was fe[-]t Sun- day and yesterday to ascertain whether the news of Peace in Utah, which we made public on Sunday, was correct or not. Some had their doubts, who had really no personal interest in the matter; while those who had such interest, were hopeful that it would turn out to be incorrect. So the matter stood until yesterday morning, when the telegraph brought the following dispatches for the associated press: LEAVENWORTH, May 14, 1858.} (From BOONVILLE, May 17.) } An unofficial dispatch was received yesterday at Fort Leavenworth, stating that Gov. Cumming had made a peaceable entry into Salt Lake City on the 1st of April. No resistance was offered to the army, which had not entered the city, but which was in readiness to march in case of an emergency. A private letter received by Col. Rich at Fort Leav- enworth, corroborated the foregoing statement, which is universally credited here. During the day, we received the following note from a source certain to be well informed in the matter: LEAVENWORTH CITY, May 13, 1858. Some startling news reached here this morning from Camp Scott, to the effect that peace had been made between the Mormons and Uncle Sam. Whether peace has been made or not no one knows, but it is certain that the man Kane of Philadelphia, sent out from Washington last Winter, via California, to Salt Lake City, went through to Col. Johnston's camp, and after several consultations in camp, re- turned to the city in company with Gov. Cumming. This leads to the surmise of peace. I get the news from a person I know, and it is re liable. At a still later hour we had an interview with Mr. Gerrish, an intelligent gentleman, who was a passenger in the J. D. Perry, and who left Camp Scott on the 10th of April, and stopped a short distance from that camp for two days. His information from that camp is therefore to that date, and from Salt Lake City to the 9th. While his information does not corroborate the news already given to the full extent, it leaves no room to question the fact that Gov. Cumming had entered Great Salt Lake City. In order to account for this change in the aspect of affairs, it may be well to premise that Col. Thomas L. Kane, who was sent out as a Peace Commissioner by way of California, arrived in Great Salt Lake City on the 25th of February; that he remained there eight days; that after that time he proceeded to Camp Scott; that, while there, he frequently passed from the Camp to a place of conference with the leading Mormons, outside of the city; that, in pursuance of negotiations then entered into, Gov. Cumming left Camp Scott for Great Salt Lake City on the 5th, and was met by a gentleman on the 9th, on Weber River, two days' travel from the city. He was accompanied by Colonel Kane, and escorted by Porter Rockwell, H. Egan, and other Mormons. His arrival was anti- cipated on the 11th, and handsome apartments were provided and preparations made to receive him in good style. A gentleman who knows all about the Mormon people, and was just from Salt Lake City, told our in- formant that the general feeling was in favor of peace, only a portion of the leaders, perhaps those who had offended against the laws, advocating resistance. Mr. Gerrish was only nine days in making the trip from Camp Scott to Fort Laramie. Before his depar- ture, a scouting party, in charge of B. F. Ficklin, about whose safety some apprehensions had been felt, returned to the camp. The provision trains intended for Camp Scott left Fort Laramie on tne 24th April. Col. Hoffman, with his escort of cavalry, was to leave on the 25th. On the arrival of these supplies, Col. Johnston's com- mand would be put in possession of everything neces- sary to their comfort. Capt. Marcy, with his force from New-Mexico, and horses, mules, and some 3,000 sheep, was heard from on what is called the Cherokee trail, 200 miles to the south of Fort Laramie. He had not been joined by the three companies of troops detailed by Gen. Gar- land as an escort, and was waiting for them when heard from. The large number of animals attached to his command made his progress necessarily very slow, but he was certain to reach Camp Scott by the 20th of May. ----- new page (VMSS792_S3_SS14_B17A_F15_I5_p002.jpg) ?The incoming party experienced heavy rains from the time of leaving Fort Laramie, and the roads were in wretched condition. Mails were met at various points on the road, and the mail of the 26th March, from Camp Scott, has arrived at Fort Leavenworth. INDEPENDENCE, May 14, via Boonville May 17. The Salt Lake mail arrived here to-day. Left Fort Bridger March 25, and was overtaken by parties who left Camp Scott April 12. Col. Kane, Peace Commissioner, had arrived at Fort Bridger, having passed through Salt Lake City. On the 6th of April Gov. Cumming, with one or two others, started for Salt Lake City. Before leaving, he demended an escort from Col. Johnston, which was refused. Capt. Marcy was within sixty miles of Fort Laramie when the mail passed. He would reach Fort Bridger between the 25th of May and 1st of June. The general opinion is there will be no fight. There were sufficient provisions in camp to last until supplies could peach there. From The St. Louis Democrat, May 17. The following special dispatch was forwarded to this office from Boonville on the 15th: BOONVILLE, May 15,1858. An express arrived at Fort Leavenworth on the 13th inst. from Camp Scott. The Mormons had laid down their arms. Gov. Cumming, upon the invitation of Brigham Young, had entered Great Salt Lake City without an escort. Many Mormon men had gone to the southern part of the Territory, and the women and children were preparing to follow them. W. M. WIBLING, Clerk J. H. Lucas. The steamer J. H. Lucas reached this port from the Missouri River yesterday evening about 6 o’clock. In a conversation with Mr. Wibling, the clerk, our re- porter gathered the following in relation to the authen- ticity of the news: Mr. Wibling says the dispatch, directed to some private person in New-York, was handed him by Lieut. C. L. Best of the 4th artillery, with the request to put it into the hands of the ope- [-]ator at Boonville. The clerk learning the importance of the news, asked the officer if he could make use of it for the benefit of the St. Louis papers. The officer consented, and accordingly the dispatch was forwarded to The Democrat and The Republican. By the steamer Lucas we have received the follow- ing from a Leavenworth correspondent: LEAVENWORTH CITY, K. T., May 13, 1858. EDITOR DEMOCRAT: It has been officially announced here that Gov. Cumming has entered Salt Lake City. Several companies of troops leave the fort on Satur- day, Mr. Hartnett left for Utah this morning. Gen. Harney arrived here yesterday. From the officers of the boat we further learn that when they departed from Leavenworth the express messenger had been in about four hours, and that the Government dispatches in relation to the matter were being rapidly made up. From The St. Louis Democrat, May 18. We have been favored with the following extract from a private letter to a gentleman of this city, from Fort Bridger, dated April 10; “ Mr. Gilbert, partner of Mr. Gerrish, reached here yesterday from California and Salt Lake. He met Gov. Cumming on Weber river, escorted by Porter, Rockwell, Egan, Van Etten and others. He was to have a public reception in Salt Lake City to-morrow. Mr. Gilbert also reports that the Mormons were leaving. " The Governor left Camp Scott on the 5th of April for Salt Lake City.” Mr. A. F. Gerrish, the gentleman alluded to above, arrived on the John D. Perry, yesterday, and to him we are indebted for the following interesting informa- tion : He left Fort Bridger, which is one hundred and thir- teen miles from Salt Lake, on the 12th of April. Gov- ernor Cumming went into Great Salt Lake City, in company with the Mormon embassador, Col. Thomas L. Kane. Whether the Governor was or was not invited to the city Mr. Gerrish does not know, and doubts if any one in the camp knows. Mr. Gerrish left Fort Laramie on the 24th of April, arrived at Fort Leavenworth on the 13th inst., and left on the 14th. At Fort Laramie he met Col. ----- new page (VMSS792_S3_SS14_B17A_F15_I5_p003.jpg) Hoffman, who had arrived there from Fort Leaven- worth with, as was said, 174 wagons. Forty miles this side of Fort Laramie, on the 25th of April, Mr. G. met the express mail from Fort Leavenworth. On the 26th, this side of Scott’s Bluffs, he met Miles & Jome's mail, which left Fort Leavenworth on the 1st. Within twelve miles of Fort Kearney, he met the Peace Commissioners, ex-Governor Powell of Tennessee, and Hon. Benj. McCulloch, then nine days from Fort Leav- enworth, prospering finely. Other carriages accompa- nied them. At Big Sandy appeared the back mail of Miles & Jones. Some forty of the freight trains of Messrs. Majors, Russell & Waddell successively passed. To Fort Laramie the grass is in fine order. The roads to Fort Leavenworth are greatly cut up by the recent rains. Colonel Cook is at Smith’s Fork, fifteen miles from Camp Scott, and has a large lot of government live stock. ----- new page (VMSS792_S3_SS14_B17A_F15_I6_p001.jpg) On the 19th of April, Capt. Marsh was at a point some 200 miles south of Fort Laramie, on Cherokee trail. He has there a large quantity of horses and mules, and some 3,000 head of sheep, for sale through him by private individuals. The health of the camp is described as all that can be wished. The United States transport Mink arrived yesterday, at 9 a.m., from Fort Leavenworth. She left that point on Friday, the 14th inst., at 5 p. m., one day after the J. H. Lucas. The officers of the Mink report no change in matters at the Fort, but things were progressing briskly, and vast preparations were still going on for a general de- parture. The detachment of 314 dragoons, being com- panies A, B, and C, which she conveyed to the Fort, were about to start for Fort Riley, and thence they were to march for the City of the Saints. Their ob- ject in going to Fort Riley was to conduct supplies to that position. A messenger had arrived at Fort Leavenworth from Salt Lake City, the day before the arrival of the Mink at the former place, but Lieut. Reno stated that no news of any account was brought by him. The officers, privates, citizens, and all, seemed to understand, by the latest information, that the Mormons were as de- termined as ever to resist the troops, and the last express messenger brought tidings to the effect that from Salt Lake City the women and children, in large numbers, were being sent southward, as if to be out of harm's way. A rumor, which is of little consequence, as it was contradicted almost as soon as started, pre- pailed at Leavenworth to the effect that the Mormon forces had an encounter with Col. Johnston's com- mand, routing them, killing 650, and driving the latter before them for a distance of 150 miles. ----- new page (VMSS792_S3_SS14_B17A_F15_I7_p001.jpg) WEEKLY HERALD JAMES GORDON BENNETT, PROPRIETOR AND EDITOR. OFFICE N. W. CORNER OF NASSAU AND FULTON ST TERMS. cash in advance. THE WEEKLY HERALD, every Saturday, at six cents p[-] copy, or $3 per annum; the European edition, $4 per annum any part of Great Britain, or $5 to any part of the Continen[--] both to include postage. Advertisements thirty cents per line. THE DAILY HERALD, two cents per copy, $7 per annum. THE FAMILY HERALD, every Wednesday, at four cents p[-] copy, or $2 per annum. VOLUNTARY CORRESPONDENCE, containing importa[--] news, solicited from any quarter of the world; if used will [--] liberally paid for. OUR FOREIGN CORRESPONDENTS AR[-] PARTICULARLY REQUESTED TO SEAL ALL LETTERS AND PACK AGES SENT TO US. NO NOTICE taken of anonymous communications. We do no[-] return those rejected. FIRST EDITION. New York, Thursday, April 15, 1858. Washington, April 7, 1858. Enough is known to warrant the assertion that Gov. Powell and Major McCullough, Peace Commissioners to Utah, will be instructed to assure the Mormons that it is not the desire of the President and the United States autho- rities to make war upon them, but to secure the enforce- ment of the laws, to which end they will be counselled to participate. The Commissioners will also inform them that some troops will be retained in the Territory to pro- tect the emigrants to the Pacific against the attacks of hostile Indians. The Commissioners will go out by the next reinforments to Utah. Much solicitude is expressed concerning the Deficiency Appropriation bill, which is now more clearly than ever threatened with defeat in its present form. The interest is heightened by the fact that the supplies to the Utah expedition depend on its passage, and money is wanted for the immediate necessities of the service. The War Department transmitted to the House to-day the full particulars concerning the contracts for the sup- plies of the Utah expedition. They do not sustain the pub- lished statements of exorbitant prices. The rates of transportation to Utah depend upon the season the service is performed. The Senate returned the Kansas bill to the House to- day. By general agreement the latter will take it up to- morrow at 1 o’clock. Dennis Murphy to-day was unanimously confirmed by the Senate as Paymaster at Harper’s Ferry. ----- new page (VMSS792_S3_SS14_B17A_F16_I10_p001.jpg) have had as extensive opportunities of seeing the Mormons in their true light as Col. KANE, and whose opportunities for years last past have been positive and direct, while the Colonel’s information has been of a very doubtful character, to say the least of it. Then why does he insist upon arraying himself in direct opposition, not only to the facts, but in direct opposition to the records of the coun- try? Certainly nothing but a blind and fanatical zeal for a false doctrine, and false devotion to false believers, could induce him to take such a course. Upon the examination of his writings he will find that he has positively denied that Polygamy existed in, or was a cardinal doctrine of, Mormon- ism. Again, he has said, "I not only meant to deny that the Mormons in any wise fall below our own standard of morals, but I will he distinctly understood to ascribe to those of their number with whom I associated in the West a general correctness of deportment above the average of other communities." In the same lecture he refers to his associations with H. C. KIMBALL and Dr. WILLARD RICHARDS in particular. Now, Sir, I venture the assertion that Col. KANE would not introduce those men or either of them to any gen- tlemen of refinement, for the very reason that they were so coarse, vulgar and ill-bred in their appear- ance and conversation as to directly insult the dig- nity of any gentleman, and Col. KANE well knows the fact. As soon as he lectures the President on his duties on Mormonism, I may refer to him again, but trust the necessity will not exist. VERASTUS WASHINGTON, D. C., Sunday, May 24, 1857. Recapture of Children Stolen by Mormons- Elder Pratt in Custody From the St. Louis Evening News, May 19. About two months ago we published an account of the kidnapping of several children by the Mormons at New Orleans. The father was absent at the time in California, and the mother, who had been deluded by the Saints, lent herself to the infamous scheme by which her own children were to be ruined. The kid nappers started with the children from New Orleans to go through Texas, Arkansas and the Indian Na- tion to the Salt Lake trail, but were fortunately inter- cepted by the father, who, having heard of the affair, had returned, and started in pursuit of them. The following letter is from him to his friends in this city, and gives some of the particulars of the arrest: FORT GIBSON, CHEROKEE NATION, } Monday, May 7, 1857. } DEAR FRIENDS: I have just arrived from a sore tramp, on which I succeeded in coming up with ELEANOR and the children, and have taken the chil dren from her by force. I have placed ELEANOR in charge of the United States Marshal, and have suc- ceeded also in arresting PRATT, who is now in the guard-house of the Fort. The United States Marshal will start with his prisoners for Van Buren to-morrow, and I will, by a different route, in company of Captain CAHIL and lady, leave with the children for the same place. I arrested PRATT and E. J. on a charge of lar- ceny—in stealing the clothing on the children when kidnapped, in value $8 or $10. This is the only way I could reach them in these Territories. When I fail before the United States Commissioner at Van Buren, I mean to have PRATT arrested for having fled from justice from St. Louis, Mo., and get a requisition from the Governor of Missouri for him. You are fully posted. See STRONG and inform me forthwith of the best manner of proceeding. * * * Thank God for his goodness. Yours truly, H. H. McLEAN. ----- new page (VMSS792_S3_SS14_B17A_F16_I11_p001.jpg) would have done very wrong had he attempted to make the road end at Los Angeles. But the fact is his survey ended and the road proper ends at the Colorado, on the border of the State, and travelers arriving at that stream can turn toward San Diego, Los Angeles or Fort Tejon, just as they please. The Federal Government does not propose to make a road within the limits of the State to either place. You, no doubt, have your news of affairs at Salt Lake, from your own side; and we have ours. We have received Brigham Young’s proclamation, and expect that the Government forces will be completely destroyed, if they attempt to cross the limits declared sacred by the Mormon Prophet. Orders have been received by all the Mormons at Carson Valley, San Bernardino, and those throughout this State, to repair to Zion, in preparation for the great contest which is to end in the overthrow of all the Gentile nations, and the establishment of the ----- new page (VMSS792_S3_SS14_B17A_F16_I11_p002.jpg) [portion of article is damaged, obscuring some text] chosen people of this age, as a nation with a name, and a power, and a glory, far beyond that which blessed Israel when David and Solomon sat upon the throne of Judea. The Mormons are no doubt an ignorant, fanatical, superstitious sect, but they are sincere. Such faith as they have in their creed and their leaders is not paralleled elsewhere in this age. I scarcely know where to find a parallel to it in any age save in the history of Mohammed. A word from Brigham Young is held in more respect by the Mormons than the most weighty, formal and solemn command from the Pres- ident and Congress of the United States. What he orders is done, no matter what the order be. He ordered the Mormons in Carson Valley to move to Salt Lake, and they went. Many had been estab- lished for five or six years in that valley; they had become wealthy; they had made farms which fur- nished them with all the comforts of life, and many of the luxuries—in so far as those were obtainable in a new country, remote from the great centers of com- merce. They had fine houses, fences, barns, orchards, gardens and fields, and, at the word, all these were sacrificed by men who had nothing to fear from refusal. Gentile neighbors were abundant and friend ly, and willing to protect any Mormon who should re- fuse to obey Brigham’s request, hut nine hundred and sixty-eight persons sold their property for such prices as could be obtained at a few days’ notice, from Gen- tiles in the Valley, and started joyfully to obey the word of Brigham. According to Exodus, the ancient Jews in the wilderness paid far less respect to Moses, and scarcely so much to the Almighty himself. An exodus similar to that of Carson Valley is about to take place at San Bernardino. There the Mormons have been settled for nearly seven years, and had made the place one of the most beautiful in the States ano it is a well-known fact that they were greatly at- tached to the place, and were exceedingly proud of the manner in which they had built it up and beauti- fied it. Farms, houses, orchards, vineyards, all kinds of property which cannot carry itself or he carried in a wagon, is being sold to Gentile speculators who hurried in to buy for $1 what is worth $10. There, as at Carson Valley, there is no hesitation among those who have hitherto had a good standing in the church. Jefferson Hunt, Assemblyman elect of the Legislature of this State from San Bernardino, goes with the oth- ers. He offers a saw-mill which cost $25,000 for $2,500. Mr. Stark, a brother of the well-known actor, has sold a horse valued at more than $5,000 for $500. American cows worth here $100 at the least are sell- ing there at from $25 to $35; and work-oxen are sold for about half their value. Furniture goes at the buyer’s own price. The Mormons not only wish to get money for property which they cannot carry off, but they want money to buy arms and ammunition. A correspondent of The Bulletin, writing from San Bernardino, says that the Mormons there have sent four or five tuns of gunpowder, several cases of re- volvers and a large number of rifles lo Salt Lake. The Mormon population of San Bernardino num- bers 1,500, and according to report they are all to go. Those who are too poor to provide wagons for the conveyance of their scanty provisions, cooking uten- sils, clothing and bedding, are to be furnished with wagons by the more wealthy, or are to be left behind and brought on by wagons which will be sent back. According to rumor they expect to winter at the first settlements, about 300 miles from San Bernardino. The Los Angeles correspondent of The Alta writes under date of Nov. 23: "Fifty-five families are said to have left that valley last week. They go quietly—in the evening they are about town, and in the morning they are not seen. It is supposed that within six weeks 1,000 persons will have forsaken their homes in that valley in obe- dience to the commands of their chief. Men, women and chil- dren go off without a murmur, and with countenances lighted with stem joy, at the assurance they receive that they are about to fight and destroy their enemies. It is terrible—the firm resolve and blind obedience these people exhibit, and the war they wage will be merciless. There is not one line in the face of a Mormon that does not defiantly say, We will die before we submit. Down here we look upon the war as already begun; and after the affida- vits which have been made and published concerning the state of things in Utah, we are surprised that no precautiouary steps are taken; that the only outlet—the Cajon Pass—is left unguarded, so that warlike munitious may pass unmolested, and the enemy, whether they be Mormons or Indians, allowed to come and go at leisure." The Mormons seem to have a wonderful faculty for conciliating the Indians; and it is reported at Los Angeles that the numerous tribe of the, Cahuillas are going off to Salt Lake with the people of San Bernar- dino. It is generally conceded by those who have lived among the Mormons that no people get along more peaceably and quietly than these Latter Day Saints. The editor of The Los Angeles Star, the nearest newspaper to San Bernardino, thus bids farewell t his departing neighbors: “From our acquaintance, with the [illegible line] we must say, that we know them to be [-] peacea [illegible line] law-abiding community. Under great disadvantage, they [---] cultivated their farms, and caused the ranch, which was, bef ore their occupation, almost unprodutive, to teem with the choicest products of the field and the garden. With their peculiarities of religion or church we have nothing to do—We know them to be good citizens, and cheerfully testify to the fact.” Beside the people of San Bernardino our State will loose three or four hundred other Mormon citizens, many of whom are now on the way to join the depart- ing Saints. On the 17th ult. the Indians on the Klamath Reser- vation made an outbreak and attempted to kill the Government agent in charge, hut he defeated them, and ten of their number were killed. We have no satisfactory explanation of the causes and circum- stances of the outbreak. ----- new page (VMSS792_S3_SS14_B17A_F16_I1_p001.jpg) NEW-YORK DAILY TRIBUNE. FRIDAY, MAY 21, 1858. To Subscribers. Subscribers to THE TRIBUNE wishing their Post- Office address changed, should in all cases give their present Post- Office and State, and testify which edition, whether Daily, Semi- Weekly, or Weekly; and club subscribers should give date of subscription. This would frequently prevent delay. The Rejected Tract. The SEMI-WEEKLY TRIBUNE of Tuesday, con- tains the Tract on the Family Relations in Slavery, which was rejected by the Publishing Committee of the Tract Society, after the premium of Two Hundred Dollars had been awarded to it by a Committee con- sisting of the Rev. Dr. WAYLAND, the Rt. Rev. T. M. CLARK, Bishop of Rhode Island; C. STODDARD, esq., of Massachusetts, and the Rev. D. BROWN, of Scot- land. Its author is Mr. C. K. Whipple of Boston. As we believe, he is a member of the Massachusetts Tract Society. Persons wishing for copies will do well to order them at once. Price 6 cents. Col. Kane has arrived at Fort Leavenworth. He brings the intelligence that Brigham Young has ab- dicated in favor of Gov. Cumming, who was at last accounts within thirty miles of Salt Lake City, with an escort of fifty Mormons. We publish else- where the detailed statements from the St. Louis papers, upon which the previous dispatches were founded. From them it appears that Gen. John- ston refused Gov. Cumming an escort—a fact which, taken in connection with other features of the news, indicates the not unnatural disinclina- tion of the army to peace. The feeling of the Mor- mons is somewhat a matter of question, one ac- count being that they were still determined to fight, and had sent their women and children southward, to put them out of harm’s way, while another ac- count affirms that peace was generally desired, and only a few of the leaders advocated resistance. A rumor that a skirmish had already taken place is entitled to little credit. The truth is, we are in- clined to believe, that, while not indisposed to re- ceive the civil authorities with respect, the Mor- mons are not agreed as to how they shall treat the troops, from whom they have doubtless been led to apprehend danger. However this may be, great credit is due to Col. Kane for his interposition be- tween a parcel of fanatics and an injudicious Ad- ministration. ----- new page (VMSS792_S3_SS14_B17A_F16_I2_p001.jpg) ?FURTHER FROM UTAH. Col. Kane at Fort Leavenworth - Abdication of Brigham Young. ST. LOUIS, May 20 —The steamer John H. Dickey, from Fort Leavenworth, has arrived with dates to the 17th instant. Her officers state that Col. Kane and th[-] Abbe Gilbert arrived at that place on Sunday last. Gil- bert states that Brigham Young has abdicated his post as Governor, and that Governor Cummings was, at the last dates, only thirty miles from Salt Lake City, ac- companied by a deputation of fifty Mormons, sent out to meet him and escort him into the city. FROM WASHINGTON. ----- new page (VMSS792_S3_SS14_B17A_F16_I3_p001.jpg) ?The Utah War is ended. We believe there is no longer reason to doubt the fact that Gov. Cum ming peaceably entered Salt Lake City on the 1st ult., and that a considerable portion of the Mor- mons had already left, or were leaving, for some point in the South-West. We may fairly presume that Brigham Young and his chief counselors were in the advance of this movement, and that neither marshal nor troops will be able to arrest them. We shall be disappointed if the Mormons do not make their way out of the territories of the Union, and found a new “Zion,” either in Sonora, Lower California, or in some of the isles of the Pacific. If such be their purpose, we trust they will be allowed to consummate it without further molesta- tion on the part of our Government. This is the third distinct settlement, within our National boundaries, from which the Mormons have been driven by force. If they are now willing to leave the country, why should they be obstructed or harassed? If they have sinned, have they not suffered? If they are willing to leave, let them depart in peace. We trust orders will forthwith be dispatched from Washington by telegraph to arrest the dis- patch of provision-trains from Fort Leavenworth westward. The corn, the cattle, the horses, the wagons, collected in or near that Fort for the Utah Army, present and prospective, are all needed and will do good service in Kansas and Nebraska; the contractors and forwarders have made their for- tunes; now let whatever is not needed be fairly sold in small lots to the highest bidder, so that the settlers may have a chance of benefit. It would be absurd to send forward another man or ox or bushel of grain, if this news is to be credited. We trust, too, that the Volunteer Regiments act will be held in abeyance by the President. He has no shadow of need of those regiments now, while his Secretary of the Treasury will inform him, if applied to, that the public coffers can ill spare the Three or Four Millions per annum which they must cost, if created. We trust it will not be necessary to repeal the act; let that stand for use in an emer- gency; but no such emergency now exists, while the Treasury is in a galloping consumption. It should be favored so far as possible. —When the full truth becomes known, we be- lieve it will be found that great credit is due to Col. Thomas L. Kane for this auspicious termina- tion of the Mormon broil. He went out to Utah with the consent, indeed, of the President, but prompted by his own generous heart, animated by an earnest desire to prevent a needless and there- fore culpable effusion of human blood. By his past services to and experiences with the Mormons, he had won the confidence of their leaders, while his knowledge of the purposes and preparations of the Government enabled him to convince those leaders that resistance on their part was hopeless. We wish he had gone to Utah some months earlier; but his bold and self-sacrificing mission has doubt- less been undertaken in season to save millions to the Treasury and avert from our Nation the stain of a fruitless slaughter of thousands and the devas- tation of their homes. "Blessed are the peace- "makers." ----- new page (VMSS792_S3_SS14_B17A_F16_I4_p001.jpg) The Mormon War. OUR SAN FRANCISCO CORRESPONDENCE. SAN FRANCISCO, April 5, 1858. The Special Commissioner to Salt Lake—Mormon Missionaries to the Indians—Scarcity of Clothing among the Saints—Feeling in San Francisco— Mormons at San Bernardino, &c., &c. Some time since a Mr. Osborne appeared at San Bernardino, representing himself as an agent of the general government, en route to Salt Lake City to open negotiations with the disaffected or rebellious Mormons. His advent created considerable excite- ment among the backsliding Mormons residing in that country, as they suspected the stranger was a spy of Brigham Young, come among them to watch their movements. After some parley and explana- tions Osborne was permitted to proceed on his jour- ney, and nothing has been yet heard of the object or success of his mission. It now is said Osborne was an assumed name, his true name being Kane, a bro- ther of Doctor Kane, the celebrated Arctic navi gator. Col. Kane left Cedar City for Salt Lake on the 20th of February, expecting to make the trip in four days. The antecedents of the ambassador are stated to be not of the East. In 1846 he spent several months among the Mormons near Kanesville, Iowa—what was then Nebraska Territory—it is reported as a secret agent of President Polk. Returning he became a firm friend of these people, and did all in his power to create a favorable opinion concerning them in the public mind in the Eastern States. A correspondent of one of the city papers states that it was through Kane’s influence that Mr. Fillmore was induced to appoint Brigham Young Governor of Utah, and it appears strange how Mr. Buchanan, if these facts are true, could have selected such a man for what seems to be an important and delicate undertaking. When Kane arrived at San Bernardino his singular nervousness and known Mormon proclivities drew attention at once to him; and, besides, from his in- tercourse with the few remaining Mormons, it was conceived warranted on the part of the citizens of that place to call a meeting to ascertain his business and intentions. The result was that satisfactory explanations were given by the envoy and he was permitted to proceed. It is said that throughout Utah there is a scarcity of clothing; three-fourths of the population are dressed in the meanest garments, and only the severe penalties threatened against seceders prevents a general stampede. A number of missionaries and interpreters have been lately despatched from Salt Lake among the Indians, on the route between San Bernardino and that city. Their instructions cover a design to organize the tribes and precipitate hostilities with the United States. The condition of public feeling in California is strongly antagonistic to the Mormon leaders and people. The disappointment is general, in consequence of the hesitancy or refusal of the army authorities to send an expedition from this side. It would be useless to refer to the advantages California possesses for carrying on ope- rations against the Mormons. From San Bernardino to Salt Lake City is eight hundred miles, over a road travelled for years; and with the former place there is steam communication from this city near three- fourths of the distance. The southern portion of this State is blessed with a beautiful climate—mild and warm—throughout the year. There is an abundance of cattle and provisions, and, considering also the quality of the troops that could be raised here with ease, it is difficult to make people understand that the government has treated California fair in this matter. We had a report that Gen. Harney was coming to the Pacific for the purpose of organizing an expedition. The rumor was received with the strongest hopes that it would prove true. General Harney stands high in California. He is every- where considered as a valiant and experienced officer. The Mormons who have remained at San Bernar- dino are represented as a lazy, worthless people. The women are described as ill-shapen and slattern, and present the very antipodes of female grace and beauty. They are generally ignorant and fanatical to an extreme degree. Some of the Mormons who remained behind are reported to have thrown off al- legiance to Brigham Young, but it is not safe to be- lieve in their professions. They are a dangerous class, and complaints are continually made that the cattle of the Gentiles are stolen, and it is believed they have an agency in the thefts. There has been several changes made in the location of troops in this division by General Clarke during the past few months. Several companies are now stationed at San Bernardino, who will exercise a beneficial influ- ence in that section. ----- new page (VMSS792_S3_SS14_B17A_F16_I7_p001.jpg) LATER FROM UTAH. INDICTMENT OF MORMON LEADERS FOR HIGH TREASON. BRIGHAM YOUNG’S MESSAGE TO THE LEGISLATURE. A Collision between Mormons and Troops. NEW MORMON ATROCITIES. Dispatches from Our Special Correspondent. A NARRATIVE OF MORMON ATROCITIES. CAMP SCOTT, near Fort Bridger, U. T., December 24, 1857. At the request of several gentlemen, and for the better information of the public concerning the treatment experienced by the Gentiles in Salt Lake City last Winter, Dr. Garland Hurt addressed to Gov. Cumming a few days ago a letter, which has been privately circulated, and read with great attention. It is valuable for the light which it throws upon the so-called Mormon Reformation of October, 1856, the real essence of which was the forcing of polygamy upon the entire population— no longer as a matter of choice, but as a rite pleasing to God and essential to salvation—and also the inculcation of hatred toward the Government of the United States, and toward all Gentiles as a religious duty. The following is the substance of this interesting letter. That portion which testifies to the destruc- tion by fire of the United States law library (a fact persistently denied by the Mormons) deserves special attention. In the important business which is now maturing for the Courts there is imperative need for an extensive and well-selected library, which ought to be dispatched from the States as early as possible in the Spring. The only law books at present within the reach of the Court are those which constitute the private library of Mr. Hockaday, the United States Attorney for the Territory. After a few introductory sentences, Dr. Hurt addresses his Excellency as follows: "I would premise that I came to Utah three years ago, fully resolved to divest myself of any predilection or prejudice, either for or against any of the people of the Territory, knowing that I should have an oppor- tunity of forming an acquaintance with them from personal observation, and determined to make that the basis of my opinions and actions with regard to them. "Consequently I endeavored from the outset to render myself, in every respect, as courteous and affa- ble as I could toward them. Under this course it is not unreasonable that I acquired many friends among the laboring classes, with whom I necessarily associ- ated much, and for whom I confess I contracted a sympathetic regard. It was not long, however, till I recognized among them the existence of a heart-felt hatred for the people of the United States, and with surprise and regret I was compelled to witness that this hatred was fed and sustained by harangues from those in authority with the church, whom I have never known to lose an opportunity for fanning the flames of this rebellious spirit. Under a series of the most flimsy pretexts, and by distorting the history of their connection with the Government and people of the United States, they present to the world a list of grievances which constitute the theme of every orator, the initiatory lesson of every new convert, and the intuitive doctrine of almost every mother to her child. "This state of things rendered my position among these people not by any means uninteresting orirrespon- sible. With a lively interest for their pecuniary wel- fare and political prosperity, I could not avoid inter- posing, as occasions were offered, efforts to correct the errors and misguided impulses under which I con- ceived them to be laboring; but on all occasions I en- deavored to act with becoming deference for their feelings. In this cause I labored with zeal but with ----- new page (VMSS792_S3_SS14_B17A_F16_I7_p002.jpg) doubtful prospects of success until the Autumn of 1856, when matters assumed such an aspect that it required no prophetic or visionary power to discern in the minds of the people a disposition to assert their Constitutional rights. A spirit of independence was evidently abroad among them, gradually infusing itself into their thoughts and actions; but the eye of the Priesthood was upon them, and watched with no ordi- nary solicitude the course of events, until at length by one vast revolution of the subtle machinery of priest- craft all our hopes were blasted, and the voice of lib- erty hushed throughout the length and breadth of its dominions. This miraculous feat of interposition was conducted under the name of a Religious Reformation. "Leaving out of view their revival and practice of the hypothetical dogmas of nineteen centuries ago, to- gether with their adoption of many ridiculous prac- tices deleterious to themselves and their posterity, under distorted ideas of moral and physical law, it is my purpose at present to discuss Mormonism in its re- lations to the Constitution and the laws of the country under which it arose and has advanced to its present position. "The doctrines of religious toleration and freedom ----- new page (VMSS792_S3_SS14_B17A_F16_I7_p003.jpg) of conscience are favorite themes of the Mormon mis- sionaries, but many of their new converts have learned by sad experience that no such doctrines have ever been tolerated or practiced within the borders of this New Zion. To show with what vaunted applause the Reformation above referred to was heralded to the world, I must quote from the pen of one of Brigham Young’s satellites, who says: " 'When this Reformation commenced, there was not a distil- lery, brewery, grog-shop, gambling saloon or house of ill fame In the Territory. No rowdyism, incendiarism, prostitution, homi- cides, suicides, infanticides, forgeries or murders. What then, says he, is the condition of the people that they require reform?' "And in answer to this interrogation he brings up the old Missouri persecutions of twenty years ago as the cause of this necessity. He then breaks forth again in most enthusiastic adulation of the peculiar featnres of this work, thus: " 'This Reformation bears no resemblance whatever to secta- rian revivals. There is no excitement, no enthusiasm, no work- ing upon the feelings of the people, nothing but a calm appeal to their judgment. Hence the fruits are different.’ "In his beau ideal of felicity, the mind of the reli- gionist in contemplating so exemplary a condition of society as is here portrayed, would naturally revert to this New Zion as the chosen seat of divine interpo- sition for the perfection of human happiness, and in prolific imagination picture in this Reformation a glo- rious transition from earthly turmoils to a more perfect similitude to celestial creatures. It is to be regretted that so sublime a picture should ever have been en- cumbered with a dark side, but that such is the case in this instance, I shall endeavor to show as I proceed to discuss Mormonism in its relations to the Constitu- tion and laws of the country. "During the Reformation a proclamation issued from the 'Lord’s Anointed,’ announcing the solemn fact that the people had violated their covenants with God, and commanding them indiscriminately to bow at the confessional, and to repair to the streams of the mountains and be rebaptized forthwith. Under the execution of this mandate thousands now in Utah will not be surprised when I say that I have seen men and women weeping in the bitterest agony of soul; and when I attempted to console them they would say that they abhorred the idea of being forced into a con- fessional, but dared not refuse. Others would say that they knew not wherein they had sinned, but that they dared not disobey the counsel. Again, those thousands will not be surprised when I say that I have heard their teachers announce to them on numerous occasions, in round terms, that if they refused to obey the mandate they would 'get their d—d throats cut.’ Poor creatures! Like flies in the spider’s web, they would struggle to be free again, but after every effort, sink down exhausted with the strong fetters of power more closely drawn about them. "That Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion or prohibiting the free exer- cise thereof, is a clause of the Constitution which the Mormons feign to cherish and observe, but those in Utah who have felt constrained to differ from them conscientiously, can testify with what imminent peril to their lives they have been forced to abandon the exercise of this sacred constitutional privilege. Un- der this clause of the Constitution the Mormons attempt to justify themselves in erecting a system of theocratic autocracy, which recognizes the shedding of human gore for the remission of sins, and have formed themselves into a religious body politic, with municipal regulations, institutions and practices which reflect dishonor and insult upon the enlightened age in which they live. They have kept an organized po- lice of banditti, whose business it is to prowl about the domicile of the citizen, or crouch in some nook upon the highway, in the dead hours of the night, for the purpose of exacting under its sable curtain the penalty of their bloody ritual from some unfortunate creature who may have incurred the indignation of the Priesthood. Under this system of pseudo-religion the torch of the incendiary, and the knife of the assas- sin, are the chosen iustruments of vengeance upon those who may have dared to lift their hands or voices against the authority of the Church. It matters lit- tle by what chicanery and falsehood they may have been inveigled into this society of abominations, the only hope of safety lies in the servile acquiescence in the will of those who have plotted their ruin. ----- new page (VMSS792_S3_SS14_B17A_F16_I7_p004.jpg) ?"These other clauses of the Constitution are disre- garded or overlooked, which declare that " 'The right of the people to be secure in their persons, houses, papers and effects, against all unreasonable searches and seiz- ures, shall not be violated. " 'No person shall be held to answer for a capital or otherwise infamous crime, unless on a presentment or indictment by a Grand Jury. " 'Nor shall any person be subject for the same offense to be twice put in jeopardy of life or limb. " 'Nor shall he be compelled in any criminal case to be a wit- ness against himself, " 'Nor be deprived of life, liberty or property, without due process of law. "Here, Sir, are a few clauses of Constitutional law worthy of our most ardent esteem and devotion, as forming the basis of civil liberty, the protecting ægis of the citizen’s rights; but with what degree of good faith they have been observed by this Mormon hier- archy will best appear from the recital of a few inci- dents among many that have obtruded themselves upon my notice. "On the morning of December 29, 1856, I was in- formed that the office of the Clerk of the Supreme Court had been broken open the night before and robbed of the docket, official papers and library of the said Court. To satisfy myself of the truth of this report, I visited the office rooms, where I met C. E. Bolton, Deputy Clerk, and also Judge Stiles and T. S. Williams, and to my astonishment found nothing but the office furniture remaining in the apartment. Not only the books, papers, documents, &c., of the Su- preme Court, but the law library of Messrs. Stiles and Williams had also been extracted. While we were yet lingering about the premises, it was discovered that a privy in the back yard had been destroyed by fire, the smouldering remains of which were still visible, and on examining the vault, several books were found, partly burned and still burning. I was a little surprised to learn, from a letter published by Mr. Bolton subsequently, that the Court records had not been destroyed, as I do not recollect of his having made any allusion to their safety at that time. In a conversation with Mr. B. a few days after this occur- rence, he told me that he was satisfied that the bur- glary had been committed by a party of mischievous boys (whose names he did not mention), but said that it would be useless to try to bring them to justice, as the evidence was not sufficient to produce conviction. On the night of January 8, 1857, in the western sub- urbs of the City of the Great Salt Lake, the voice of a female mingling with the outcries of children was heard in the streets. Morning came, and with it the news that the house of Mary Collins, a poor widow, had been attacked about 11 o’clock at night, and de- stroyed by a band of midnight incendiaries. Mrs. Collins fled with her three small children, in their night-clothes, into the street, where the snow lay three feet deep and every gust of the night-wind pierced them to the vitals, and where they came nigh perish- ing before they found a charitable door. "On the morning of the 10th day of the same month the house of Charles Clark, in Great Salt Lake City, was attacked, in open daylight, by a band of ruf- fians, and razed to the ground. Clark had rented the house the day before (paying the rent in advance), and was just moving into it. He remonstrated, but to no effect; offered resistance, but was overpowered. His wife cried for mercy, but was not heard. He then appealed to know why he was thus treated, to which the only reply was: 'We don’t intend that any damned 'Gentile shall live in our ward.' Clark and his wife were left standing in the street, in snow three feet deep, not knowing where to look for shelter from the storms of a ruthless Winter. "On the night of the 13th day of the same month a band of ruffians repaired to the house of Henry J. Jar- vis, a merchant, on the corner of South Temple and Emigration streets in Great Salt Lake City, at the hour of 10 o’clock, and calling Mr. J. into the store- room under pretense of wanting to trade, clinched him by the hair, jerked him instantly over the coun- ter, threw him violently upon the floor, and commenced stamping on him. Jarvis struggled for life, and as most of his assailants had loosed their hold on him, for the purpose of stamping, he succeeded in throwing himself out of doors into the street. His wife and some female visitors, hearing the fracas and the cry of 'murder' in the well-known voice of the husband, fled also in consternation into the street, but the appearance of men armed with bludgeons frightened them back to their rooms again. Seeing that their victim had es- caped, the incendiaries set fire to the house and re- treated in the darkness. Jarvis reached the doors of his nearest neighbors and implored their protection, which was denied him on the ground of his being a dissenter from their faith. Finding that the ruffians had left, Mrs. Jarvis and her companions went into the store and by means of snow succeeded in extin- guishing the fire, which was kindled on the counter, and had not yet reached the walls of the building. At a late hour Mr. Jarvis returned to his house accom- panied by William Bell, esq., late a merchant in Salt Lake City, who remained with him during the rest of the night. "On the night of the 15th day of March last, three men, two of them by the name of Parrish (father and son), and one named Potter, were most inhumanly murdered and butchered on the public highway, about a quarter of a mile south of the town of Springville, in Utah County. I am of opinion that if the testi- mony in this case shall ever be brought to light, it will present one of the most bloody atrocities known to the catalogue of crime. The corpses of the dead men were literally riddled with rifle and pistol balls; the throat of each of them was cut, and the elder Parrish had his cheek cut off and his bowels ripped out. With as little noise as possible an inquest was held over the bodies, which found 'death by unknown assassins.' And then, as if to add insult to injury, I have heard men attempt to justify the deed by saying that 'they 'had threatened the Bishop;' and again, to satisfy the poor Indians who could not see any reason for spill- ing so much blood, that 'they had threatened the ----- new page (VMSS792_S3_SS14_B17A_F16_I7_p005.jpg) Indians.' One man told me in round terms, that the less I could say about it the better it would be for me. I know nothing of these men—the Parrishes and Potter—except that they were dissenters from their church. Potter was a brother of William Potter, who was murdered with Gunnison, and it may be that 'the Lord's secrets were in danger,' and that 'dead men tell no tales' is a maxim which they seem to understand and appreciate. The testimony in this case is now struggling for utterance in the breast of many an honest man and woman in Utah, and, should it ever come forth, will rend the veil of [-]ecrecy and show up men and measures in their true colors. That 'murder will out' is an old and pretty well estab- lished maxim, and 'as the Lord reigneth, judgment 'will yet be laid to the line and righteousneas to the 'plummet.' "On the night of December 24, 1856, a female who had recently arrived in a hand-cart train committed suicide in the eastern suburbs of Great Salt Lake City, rather than submit to polygamy, the existence of which had been denied by her teachers in England. Soon after her arrival she had been told that she must be sealed to the man in whose family she was then liv- ing, and on refusing to do so she was informed in a peremptory tone that she would be denied protection and the mcans of subsistence from any source, and de- nounced as a prostitute. Such announcements brought her unfortunate situation too plainly before her. It was too much for the tender cords which bound her spirit to its mortal tenement, and the fatal razor was brought to its relief. "Here, Sir, is presented a catalogue of crimes of the deepest dye, most of which have been perpetrated in the metropolis of this New Zion, the capital of Utah, and the home of Brigham Young; and in respect to either of which comment is unnecessary to show that one or more of the above clauses of constitutional law has been most shamefully, openly and flagrantly disre- garded. In the face of all these facts, David O. Cal- der, Brigham Young's chief clerk and letter-writer, is eager to have it understood throughout the world that no such crimes were known in Utah when this reform- ation commenced, i. e., about October 15, 1856, but that all was peace, love, sobriety and good order This, we are bound to believe, was the happy state of things in Utah about the time of this reformation. What then follows in its wake? Midnight plundering, burg- lary, ruffianism, arson, suicide and murder! "But it may be argued, by way of extenuation, that these crimes were committed by outlaws, over whom the civil authorities have no control; or that the vic- tims in the above cases were themselves violators of law, and merited the maltreatment they received. "I would ask, in the first instance, whether the Mormons make any effort to control the perpetrators of these crimes? Does The Deseret News, the organ of Brigham Young, lift its voice to notify the victims of the presence of danger, and to demand that the lawless evil-doers shall be ferreted out and brought to justice? No; but its columns are devoted to com- ments on a 'late conflagration in San Francisco,' a 'riot in St. Louis,' or a 'drouth' or 'tremendous hail- storm' somewhere in the States, predicting therefrom the destruction of the Gentile world. Examine the discourses of Brigham Young, Heber C. Kimball and their coadjutors, as they appear in the columns of that sheet, and tell me if you see anything discountenancing the perpetration of these enormities. On the contra- ry, is it not plain that they are winked at and en- couraged? "And in the second instance, I would ask if the people of Utah have not laws for the regulation of society and the punishment of evil-doers? Have they not been provided with Courts and Grand Juries? Then, if Mary Collins and others have trodden the forbidden paths of crime, why not bring them to jus- tice by due process of law? "But no doubt these persons are of opinion that the office of the Supreme Court was an institution of great annoyance to themselves, and deserved to be abated, for that Court is bound to recognize the sacred consti- tutional guaranty to every man of the right of trial by jury, and to condemn those who seek, under cover of night, to inflict lawless punishment, whether de- served or undeserved. "But I owe their Territorial enactments a passing notice which may exemplify more fully their utter in- difference to constitutional law. "They have endowed their Courts of Probate with full concurrent jurisdiction with the District Courts of the United States in all cases, both civil and criminal, arising under the laws of the Territory. They have empowered them with Grand Juries, which convene from four to six times in each year, at a vast expense to the people, to inquire into crime and misdemeanors, in each of their respective counties. In these Courts of Probate therefore a man may be indicted and put in jeopardy of his life. But perhaps the Grand Jury of the District Court of the United States is convened during the week following, and charged to take cog- nizance of all crimes and misdemeanors arising within the body of their district, both under the laws of the United States and of the Territory. What right has the District Court to presume that another tribunal has stepped in and removed the burden of responsi- bility from its shoulders? And I have doubted in my own mind any right on its part to recognize the ex- istence of such an institution as the other tribunal. Then if my position be correct—Probate Courts not being of right Courts of competent jurisdiction in the case—the man who was indicted and tried for murder last week in one Court, may again be presented and placed in jeopardy of his life, in violation of constitu- tional law. ----- new page (VMSS792_S3_SS14_B17A_F16_I7_p006.jpg) ?"They have enacted that an attorney shall be re- quired in all cases to depose, whether for or against his client, all facts which come to his knowledge in his capacity of attorney, which is in effect a violation of constitutional law. "They bave also enacted that in criminal proceed- ings a suit may be stopped at any stage, by agreement of parties and payment of costs, thereby opening a door for a species of bribery and corruption the most deleterious to public interest that can be imagined. "And these are the persons who are wnining con- tinually and piteously of injuries inflicted on them by persons outside their society, but is it not plain that they are professional complainers, who whine at any and everything for the purpose of instilling into de- luded victims prejudices against the Government under which they live, and for instilling sympathy abroad? They calumniate all who presume to lift their voices agoinst them. By a well-adjusted system of falsehood, chicanery, fraud and calumny, they have long deceived mankind in regard to their abominable institutions and practices. They have deluded, de- coyed, and ruined forever, thousands of honest peo- ple; robbed them of their property, deprived them of their constitutional rights, and are now urging them forward in a system of treason and rebellion which will lead them inevitably into war, devastation and ruin." INDICTMENT OF THE MORMON LEADERS. CAMP SCOTT, Dec. 30, 1857. The Grand Jury of the District Court of the United States for this county returned into Court to-day the following indictment for treason, against certain Mormons who have been prominently identi- fied with the acts of violence perpetrated thus far in the rebellion. It is to be regretted that the evi- dence presented to the Jury did not justify the addition to the list of the name of John M. Bern- heisel, the Mormon Delegate to Congress. The position in which he is placed by the revolt of his constituency, is such that great curiosity exists in camp to learn how he has demeaned himself at Washington. After some remarks by Judge Eckels compli- menting the Jury for the fidelity with which they have performed their duties, they. were discharged from further service. THE INDICTMENT. UNITED STATES OF AMERICA, TERRITORY OF UTAH, GREEN RIVER COUNTY, ss.—District Court of the United States. December Term, 1857.—The Grand Jurors of the United States of America, impaneled, charged and sworn to inquire for the said United States within and for the said Territory, and the body of the District and County aforesaid, upon their oath present: That Brigham Young, Heber C. Himball, Daniel H. Wells, John Tay- lor, George D. Grant, Lot Smith, Porter Rockwell, William A. Hickman, Albert Carrington, Joseph Taylor, William Stowell, Lewis Robinson, Joshua Terrey, John Harvey, Daniel Jones, Phineas Young, William Young, Robert Burton, James Fergu- son, Ephraim Hauks, late of the County aforesaid, yeomen, with a great multitude of persons (whose names to the Grand Jurors aforesaid are at present unknown), to the number of one thou- sand persons or more, being inhabitants of the said Territory and residents therein, and under the protection of the Constitution and laws of the said United States, and owing allegiance and fidelity to the said United States, not weighing the duty of their said allegiance, but wickedly devising and intending the peace and tranquillity of the said United States to disturb, and to stir, move and excite insurrection, rebellion, and war against the said United States, on the fifteenth day of September, in the year eighteen hundred and fifty-seven, within the Territory, District, and County aforesaid, and within the jurisdiction of this Court, unlawfully, falsely, maliciously, and traitorously did compass, imagine, and intend to raise and levy war, insurrec- tion and rebellion against the said United States. And in order to fulfill and bring to effect the said traitorous compass- ings, imaginations and intentions of them, the said Brigham Young, Heber C. Kimball, Daniel H. Wells, John Taylor, George D. Grant, Lot Smith, Porter Rockwell, William A. Hick- man, Albert Carrington, Joseph Taylor, William Stowell, Lewis Robinson, Joshua Terrey, John Harvey, Daniel Jones, Phineas Young, William Young, Robert Burton, James Ferguson, Ephraim Hauks, and the great multitude aforesaid, afterward, to wit, on the fifteenth day of September, in the year eighteen hundred and fifty-seven, within the Territory, District and County aforesaid, and within the jurisdiction of this Court, with a great multitude of persons whose names to the Grand Jurors aforesaid are at ----- new page (VMSS792_S3_SS14_B17A_F16_I7_p007.jpg) and traitorously array themselves against the United States; and then and there, on the fifteenth day of September, in the year eighteen hundred and fifty-seven, within the Terri- tory, District and County aforesaid, and within the jurisdiction of this Court, in pursuance of such, their traitorous inten- tions and purposes aforesaid, they, the said Brigham Young, Heber C. Kimball, Daniel H. Wells, John Taylor, George D. Grant, Lot Smith, Porter Rockwell, William A. Hickman, Al- bert Carrington, Joseph Taylor, William Stowell, Lewis Robin- son, Joshua Terrey, John Harvey, Daniel Jones, Phineas Young, William Young, Robert Burton, James Ferguson, Ephraim Hanks, with the said persons so as aforesaid traitorously assem- bled, armed and arrayed in manner aforesaid, most wickedly, ma- liciously and traitorously did ordain, prepare and levy war against the said United States, contrary to the duty of their said allegiance and fidelity, against the form of the act of the Congress of the said United States in such case made and provided, and against the Constitution, peace and dignity of the said United States. And the Grand Jurors aforesaid, upon their oaths aforesaid, do further present: That Brigham Young, Heber C. Kimball, Daniel H. Wells, John Taylor, George D. Grant, Lot Smith, Porter Rock- well, Wm. A. Hickman, Albert Carrington, Joseph Taylor, Wm. Stowell. Lewis Robinson, Joshua Terrey, John Harvey, Daniel Jones, Phineas Young, Wm. Young, Robert Burton, James Fer- guson, Ephraim Hanks, late of the County aforesaid, yeomen, with a great multitude of persons (whose names to the Grand Jurors aforesaid are at present unknown), to the number of one thousand persons and more, being inhabitants of and resident in the said Territory, and under the protection of the Constitu- tion and laws of the said United States, and owing allegiance and fidelity to the said United States, not weighing the duty of their said allegiance, but wickedly devising and intending the peace and tranquillity of the said United States to disturb, and to pre- vent the execution of the laws thereof within the said Territory, ----- new page (VMSS792_S3_SS14_B17A_F16_I7_p008.jpg) to wit: “An Act to establish a Territorial Government for Utah,'’ approved September 9, 1850, did, on the fifteenth day of Septem- ber, in the year eighteen hundred and fifty-seven, within the Territory, District and County aforesaid, and within the juris- diction of this Court, wickedly, maliciously and traitorously compass, imagine and intend to raise and levy war against the said United States; and to fulfill and bring to effect the said traitorous compassings, imaginations and intentions of them, the said Brigham Young, Heber C. Kimball, Daniel H. Wells, John Taylor, George D. Grant, Lot Smith, Porter Rockwell, William A. Hickman, Albert Carrington, Joseph Taylor, William Stowell, Lewis Robinson, Joshua Terrey. John Harvey, Daniel Jones, Phineas Young, William Young, Robert Burton, James Fergu- son, Ephraim Hauks, and the great multitude aforesaid, after- ward, to wit: on the fifteenth day of September, in the year eighteen hundred and fifty-seven, within the Territory, District and County aforesaid, and within the jurisdiction of this Court, with a great multitude of persons (whose names to the Grand Jurors aforesaid are at present unknown), to the number of one thousand persons and more, armed and arrayed in a warlike manner, that is to say, with rifles, pistols, swords, and other war- like weapons, as well offensive and defensive, being then and there unlawfully, maliciously and traitorously assembled and gathered together, did falsely and traitorously assemble and com- bine against the said United States; and then and there, with force and arms, wickedly, maliciously and traitorously, and with the wicked, malicious and traitorous intention to oppose and prevent, by means of intimidation and violence, the execution of the said laws of the said United States within the said Territory, did array and dispose themselves in a warlike and hostile manner against the said United States; and then and there, with force and arms, in pursuance of such their traitorous intention, they, the said Brigham Young, Heber C. Kimball, Daniel H. Wells, John Taylor, George D. Grant, Lot Smith, Porter Rock- well, William A. Hickman, Albert Carrington, Joseph Taylor, William Stowell, Lewis Robinson, Joshua Terrey, John Harvey, Daniel Jones, Phineas Young, William Young, Robert Burton, James Ferguson, Ephraim Hauks, with the said persons so as aforesaid traitorously assembled, armed and arrayed in manner aforesaid, wickedly, maliciously, and traitorously did levy war against the said United States, contrary to the duty of their said allegiance and fidelity, against the form of the Act of the Congress of the said United States in such case made and provided, and against the Constitution, peace and dignity of the said United States. And the Grand Jurors aforesaid, upon their oath afore- said, do further present: That Brigham Young, Heber C. Kim- ball, Daniel H. Wells, John Taylor, George D. Grant, Lot Smith, Peter Rockwell, William A. Hickman, Albert Carrington, Joseph Taylor, William Stowell, Lewis Robinson, Joshua Terrey, John Harvey, Daniel Jones, Phineas Young, William Young, Robert Burton, James Ferguson, Ephraim Hauks, late of the county aforesaid, yeomen, with a great multitude of persons (whose names to the Grand Jurors aforesaid are at present un- known), to the number of one thousand persons and more, being inhabitants of and resident in the said Territory, and under the protection of the Constitution and laws of the said United States, and owing allegiance and fidelity to the said United States, not weighing the duty of their said allegiance, but with wicked de- vice and intention the peace and tranquillity of the said United States to disturb, and to prevent the execution of the laws thereof within the said Territory, to wit: An Act to establish a Territorial Government for Utah, approved September 9, 1850, and to stir, move and excite insurrection, rebellion, and war against the said United States, on the fifteenth day of Sep- tember, in the year eighteen hundred and fifty-seven, within the Territory, District and County aforesaid, and within the jurisdiction of this Court, did wickedly, maliciously, and traitorously conspire, combine, confederate, and agree together to levy war against the said United States; and then and there, the said Brigham Young, in pursuance of the said wicked, malici- ous and treasonable conspiracy, combination, confederation, and agreements, did issue a wicked, malicious, and treasonable procla- mation in the following words and figures, to wit: PROCLAMATION BY THE GOVERNOR. CITIZENS OF UTAH: We are invaded by a hostile force who are evidently assailing us to accomplish our overthrow and de- struction. For the last twenty-five years we have trusted officials of the Government, from Constables and Justices to Judges, Governors and Presidents, only to be scorned, held in derision, insulted and betrayed. Our houses have been plundered and then burned, our fields laid waste, our principal men butchered while under the plighted faith of the Government for their safety, and our families driven from their homes to find that shelter in the barren wilderness, and that protection among hostile savages, which were denied them in the boasted abodes of Christianity and civilization. The Constitution of our common country guarantees unto us all that we do now or have ever claimed. If the Constitutional rights which pertain unto us as American citi- zens were extended to Utah, according to the spirit and meaning thereof, and fairly and impartially administered, it is all that we could ask—all that we have ever asked. Our opponents have availed themselves of the prejudices existing against us because of our religious faith to send out a formidable host to accomplish our destruction. We have had no privilege, no opportunity of de- fending ourselves against the false, foul, and unjust aspersions against us, before the nation. The Government has not conde- scended to cause an Investigating Committee or other person to be sent to inquire into and ascertain the truth, as is customary in such cases. We know those aspersions to be false, but that avails us nothing. We are condemned unheard, and forced to an issue with an armed mercenary mob which has been sent against us at the instigation of anonymous letter-writers ashamed to father the base, slanderous falsehoods which they have given to the public; of corrupt officials who have brought false accusations against us to screen themselves in their own infamy, and of hire- ling priests and howling editors who prostitute the truth for filthy lucre’s sake. The issue which has been thus forced upon us compels us to resort to the great first law of self-preservation, and stand in our own defense—a right guaranteed unto us by the genius of the institutions of our country, and upon which the Government is based. Our duty to ourselves, to our families, requires us not to tamely submit to be driven and slain without an attempt to preserve ourselves. Our duty to our country, our holy religion, our God, to freedom and liberty, requires that we should not quietly stand still and see those fetters forging around us which are calculated to enslave and bring us in subjection to an unlawful military despotism, such as can only emanate (in a country of Constitutional law) from usurpation, tyranny and op- pression. Therefore, I, Brigham Young, Governor and Superin- tendent of Indian Affairs for the Territory of Utah, in the name of the People of the United States in the Territory of Utah, First: Forbid all armed forces of every description from com- ing into this Territory under any pretense whatever; Second: That all the forces in said Territory hold themselves in readiness to march, at a moment’s notice, to repel any and all such invasion; Third: Martial law is hereby declared to exist in this Terri- tory from and after the publishing of this Proclamation; and no person shall be allowed to pass and repass into, or through, or from this Territory, without a permit from the proper officers. Given under my hand and seal at Great Salt Lake City, Terri- tory of Utah, this fifteenth day of September, A. D. 1857, [L.S.] and of the Independence of the United States of Amer- ica the eighty-second. BRIGHAM YOUNG. With wicked, malicious, and traitorous intent to levy, and thereby wickedly, maliciously, and traitorously levying war against the said United States, contrary to the duty of his said allegiance and fidelity, against the form of the act of the Congress of the said United States in such case made and provided, and against the Constitution, peace and dignity of the said United States; and then and there the said William Stowell, in pursuance of the said wicked, malicious and treasonable conspiracy, combination, con- federation and agreement, did have in his possession, and attempt to carry, and did carry a wicked, malicious and treasonable com- munication from the said Daniel H. Wells to the said Joseph Tay- lor. in the following words and figures, to wit: ----- new page (VMSS792_S3_SS14_B17A_F16_I7_p009.jpg) HEADQUARTERS EASTERN EXPEDITION, } CAMP NEAR CACHE CAVE, Oct. 4, 1857. } MAJOR JOSEPH TAYLOR: You will proceed with all possible dis- patch, without injurying your animals, to the Oregon road, near the bend of Bear River, north by east of this place. Take close and correct observations of the country on your route. When you approach the road send scouts ahead to ascertain if the in- vading troops have passed that way. Should they have passed, take a concealed route and get ahead of them. Express to Col. Burton, who is now on that road and in the vicinity of the troops, and effect a junction with him, so as to operate in concert. On ascertaining the locality or route of the troops proceed at once to annoy them in every possible way. Use every exertion to stam- pede their animals, and set fire to their trains. Burn the whole country before them and on their flanks. Keep them from sleep- ing by night surprises. Blockade the road by felling trees or de- stroying river fords where you can. Watch for opportunities to set fire to the grass, so as, if possible, to envelop their trains. Leave no grass before them that can be burned. Keep your men concentrated as much as possible, and guard against surprise. Keep scouts out at all times, and communication open with Col. Burton, Major McAllister and O. P. Rockwell, who are operating in the same way. Keep me advised daily of your movements, and every step the troops take, and in which direction. God bless you and give you success. Your bro. in Christ, DANIEL H. WELLS. P. S.—If the troops have not passed, or have turned in this di- rection, follow in their rear and continue to annoy them, burning any trains they may leave. Take no life, but destroy their trains and stampede or drive away their animals at every opportunity. D. H. WELLS. With wicked, malicious and traitorous intent to levy, and thereby wickedly, maliciously and traitorously levying war against the said United States, contrary to the duty of his said allegiance and fidelity, against the form of the Act of the Congress of the said United States in such case made and provided, and against the Constitution, peace and dignity of the said United States; and then and there, the said Brigham Young, Heber C. Kimball, Daniel H. Wells, John Taylor, Geo. D. Grant, Lot Smith, Peter Rockwell, William H. Hickman, Albert Carrington, Jo- seph Taylor, William Stowell, Lewis Robinson, Joshua Terrey, John Harvey, Daniel Jones, Phineas Young, Robert Burton, James Ferguson, Ephraim Hauks, and the great multitude afore- said, in pursuance of the aforesaid traitorous conspiracy, combi- nation, confederation and agreements, did traitorously assemble and gather themselves together; and then and there combined, confederated and assembled in manner aforesaid, and armed and arrayed in a warlike manner, that is to say, with rifles, pistols, swords and other warlike weapons, as well offensive as defen- sive, did wickedly, maliciously and traitorously isssue wicked, malicious and traitorous speeches, writings and proclamations; and then and there, with force and arms, so as aforesaid traitor- ously combined, confederated, assembled, armed and arrayed, did wickedly, maliciously and traitorously set fire to and burn commissary stores belonging to the said United States, of great value, to wit: of the value of one million dollars; and then and there, with force and arms, so as aforesaid traitorously combined, confederated, assembled, armed and arrayed, did wickedly, ma- liciously and traitorously disarm divers citizens of the said United States having charge and custody of the commissary stores afore- said; and then and there, with force and arms, so as aforesaid traitorously combined, confederated, assembled, armed and ar- rayed, did wickedly, maliciously, and traitorously steal, take and drive away oxen, horses and mules belonging to the said United States,to the number of one thousand and more, and of great value, to wit: to the value of one hundred thousand dollars; and then and there, with force and arms, so as aforesaid traitorously com- bined, confederated, assembled, armed and arrayed, did wickedly, maliciously and traitorously oppose the march of the army of the said United States by the erection of military fortifications on a public highway, with wicked, malicious, and traitorous intent to levy, and thereby wickedly, maliciously and traitorously levying war against the said United States, contrary to the duty of their said allegiance and fidelity, against the form of the act of the Con- gress of the said United States in such cases made and provided, and against the Constitution, peace and dignity of the said United States. And the Grand Jurors aforesaid, upon their oath afore- said, do further present: That on the fifteenth day of September, in the year eighteen hundred and fifty seven, and continuously from thence hitherto, an open, public and traitorous rebellion [-]nd ----- new page (VMSS792_S3_SS14_B17A_F16_I7_p010.jpg) war against the United States of America was and yet is prosecuted and carried on within the Territory of Utah aforesaid, by Brig- ham Young, late of the County aforesaid, yeoman, and a great multitude of persons (whose names to the Grand Jurors aforesaid are at present unknown), to the num- ber of one thousand persons and more, inhabitants of the said Territory and residing therein, and under the protection of the Constitution and laws of the said United States, and owing allegiance and fidelity to the said United States; and that Heber C. Kimball, David H. Wells, John Tay- lor, George D. Grant, Lot Smith, Porter Rockwell, William A. Hickman, Albert Carrington, Joseph Taylor, William Stowell, Lewis Robinson, Joshua Terrey, John Harvey, Daniel Jones, Phineas Young, William Young, Robert Burton, James Ferguson, Ephraim Hauks, late of the said County, yeomen, and a great multitude of persons (whose names to the Grand Jurors afore- said are at present unknown), to the number of one thousand persons and more, inhabitants of the said Territory and resident therein, and under the protection of the Constitution and laws of the said United States, and owing allegiance and fidelity to the said United States, well knowing the premises, but not regarding the duty of their said allegiance, but as traitors against the said United States, and wholly withdrawing the allegiance, fidelity, and obedience due by them to the said United States, and traitor- ously contriving, conspiring, and intending, by all the means in their power, to aid and assist the enemies of the said United States so as aforesaid traitorously rebelling and levying war against the said United States, did, on the fifteenth day of Sep- tember, in the year eighteen hundred and fifty-seven, within the Territory, District and County aforesaid, and within the jurisdic- tion of this Court, wickedly, maliciously, and traitorously ad- here to and give aid and comfort to the said enemies of the said United States; and then and there, in the prosecution, perform- ance and execution of the traitorous adhering aforesaid, and to fulfill, perfect, and bring the same to effect, they, the said Heber C. Kimball, Daniel H. Wells, John Taylor, George D. Grant, Lot Smith, Porter Rockwell, William A Hickman, Albert Carrington, Joseph Taylor, William Stowell, Lewis Robinson, Joshua Ter- rey, John Harvey, Daniel Jones, Phineas Young, William Young, Robert Burton, James Ferguson, Ephraim Hauks, with the said persons so as aforesaid traitorously adhering and giving aid and comfort to the said enemies of the said United States, did, wickedly, maliciously and traitorously, by traitorous speeches, writings and proclamations; and then and there, with force and arms, did wickedly, maliciously and traitorously, by assembling and gathering together, armed and arrayed in a warlike manner, that is to say, with rifles, pistols, swords, and other warlike weapons, as well offensive as defensive; and then and there, with force and arms, did wickedly, maliciously, and traitorously, by furnishing intelligence, provisions, and munitions of war; and then and there, with force and arms, did wickedly, maliciously, and traitorously, by setting fire to and burning commissary stores belonging to the said United States, of great value, to wit, of the value of one million dollars; and then and there, with force and arms, did wickedly, maliciously, and traitorously, by disarming divers citizens of the said United States having charge and cus- tody of the commissary stores aforesaid; and then and there, with force and arms, did wickedly, maliciously, and traitorously, by stealing, taking and driving away oxen, horses, and mules, be- longing to the said United States, to the number of one thousand ----- new page (VMSS792_S3_SS14_B17A_F16_I7_p011.jpg) and more, and of great value, to wit, of the value of one hundred thousand dollars; and then and there, with force and arms, did wickedly, maliciously, and traitorously, by opposing the march of the army of the said United States, by the erection of military fortifications on a public highway, adhere to and give aid and comfort to the enemies of the said United States, so as aforesaid rebelling and levying war against the said United States, contrary to the duty of their said allegiance and fidelity, against the form of the Act of the Congress of the said United States in such case made and provided, and against the Constitution, peace and dig- nity of the said United States. J. M. HOCKADAY, Attorney for the United States. A true bill. JOHN D. RADFORD, Foreman. CHRISTMAS AND NEW-YEAR'S IN THE CAMP. CAMP SCOTT, Jan. 2, 1858. Christmas and New-Year’s Day have been cele- brated by the army with as much gayety as if we were in cosy cantonments, instead of under canvas roofs. The mornings were devoted to the discharge of holiday courtesies, by calls upon all the ladies and the principal civil and military officers. On Christmas eve the non-commissioned officers of the 5th Infantry united to give a ball, and New-Year’s eve was celebrated by the non-commissioned offi- cers of the 10th in the same manner. The ball room of the latter was constructed from five large hospital tents, and was decorated in good taste with flags and bunting. At midnight the regimental bands made a tour through the civilian settlement and the camp, serenading Col. Johnston, Col. Waite, Col. Alexander, Gov. Cumming, Judge Eckels, and all the ladies who accompany the army. The utmost good order prevailed, and not an arrest was made for any breach either of civil or military decorum. There was a very welcome arrival, a few days ago, of 1,000 pounds of salt from Fort Laramie. The quantity dispatched from that post was 3,000 pounds, but many of the pack-mules perished in the snow at the Rocky Ridge, only 16 out of 46 reach- ing our camp. The remainder of the salt was cached on the ridge. You are probably by this time officially informed of the amount and kind of commissary stores de- stroyed by Mormons on October 5 and 6. I have seen to-day the invoices of the Quartermaster’s property contained in the trains which were burned. It appears to have consisted principally of me- chanics’ implements, stationery and horse medicines. Probably no three trains could more easily have been spared. If the Mormons had burned the next three on the road, they would indeed have done damage, for they would have destroyed almost all the supplies of clothing. I wrote to you in October that it was originally intended to assign to each train a proportion of all the articles to be trans- ported; but I have since learned that Col. Thomas of the Quartermaster’s department, who super- intended the lading, did not pack them in that man- ner, but loaded train after train with such freight as lay most conveniently at hand. The Army was mustered day before yesterday— the infantry regiments, the artillery batteries and the squadron of dragoons at headquarters, by Major Porter, the Assistant Adjutant-General; the regi- ment of dragoons by Col. Cooke; and the battalion of volunteers by Brevet Lieut.-Col. Chapman, of the 5th Infantry. The volunteers presented a cred- itable appearance, considering the few weeks dur- ing which they have been subjected to drill. I sub- join a list of the officers of their battalion, as I have already forwarded to you a list of the officers on duty with the regular Army: Lieut.-Col. BARNARD E. BEE (Capt 10th Inf.), Commanding. Second Lieut. JAMES H. HILL (10th Inf). Adjutant. Second Lieut. JAMES DESHLER (10th Inf.), Quartermaster. Capt. W. M. F. MAGRAW, company A. Capt. DANIEL MCLAUGHLIN, company B. Capt. GEORGE W. CHERRY, company C. Capt. SAMUEL FOSTER, company D. First Lieut. JAMES KNOWLES, company A. First Lieut. JAMES BENNETT, company B. First Lieut. HENRY K. HARTLEY, company C. First Lieut. GEORGE W. FULLER, company D. Second Lieut. W. P. COWNE, company A. Second Lieut. JOSEPH R. CHAUNCEY, company B. Second Lieut. BENJ. F. THOMAS, company C. Second Lieut. W. O. CLARKSON, company D. (From my previous list of officers of the regular Army on duty with their various corps in Utah, the name of Second Lieut. AR- THUR S. CUNNINGHAM, 10th Infantry, was inadvertently omitted.) The lunettes designed to complete the fortifica- tion of Fort Bridger, the work on which has been superintended by Lieut. Webb of the 5th Infantry and Lieut. Kensel of the 4th Artillery, are com- pleted. This work has been attended with much difficulty on account of the season of the year at which it has been prosecuted, every clod in the frozen ground having been moved by the pickax. A general court-martial was convened to-day at headquarters by order of Col. Johnston. Its mem- bers are: Brevet Lieut. Col. WM. CHAPMAN, 5th Infantry. Brevet Major H. H. SIBLEY, 2d Dragoons. Capt. JOHN DUNEVANT, 10th Infantry. First Lieut. GRIER TALLMADGE, 4th Artillery. Second Lieut. C. J. LYNDE, 5th Infantry. Brevet Second Lieut. T. J. LEE, 10th Infantry. First Lieut. WM. A. WEBB, 5th Infantry, Judge Advocate. ----- new page (VMSS792_S3_SS14_B17A_F16_I7_p012.jpg) MESSAGE OF BRIGHAM YOUNG TO THE MORMON LEGISLATURE. DELIVERED IN GREAT SALT LAKE CITY, DECEMBER 15, A. D. 1857. Gentlemen of the Council and House of Representatives. The people, for the promotion of whose advancement in correct government you are now assembled in a legislative capacity, are so remote from the high- wrought excitement and consequent entangling ques- tions common to the populous marts of national and international commerce, are so little prone to deem mere property, rank, titles and office the highest prizes for human effort, and through enlightened choice are so invariably peaceful and law-abiding, that your duties partake but in a small degree of that varied, perplexing and intricate description so charac- teristic of the legislation of most, if not all other com- munities. But, however orderly and upright are a people, the changes and experience incident to trans- piring circumstances, and consequent new views and events, afford ample scope for the exercise of that candid deliberation and prudent forethought, without which legislation is liable to be far more detrimental than beneficial. Those unparalleled habits of industry, sobriety, order and respect to the just rights of all, which so preeminently distinguish the occupants of a region un- inviting to dwellers in more favored climes, have con- tinued in a rapidly-increasing ratio to advance Utah to a position in social and political progress worthy the highest commendation. During the past year, for reasons well understood, our progression has not been so particularly marked by improvements under appro- priations from the Territorial treasury as it has by un- ostentatious, persevering and skillful individual efforts most successfully applied to extending the area of our tillable land, to the gradual introduction of a more economical, systematic and judicious cultivation of the various products adapted to our soil and climate, to the requisite care and improvement of stock, to the erection of more commodious private dwell- ings, and to a large and highly-encouraging in- crease in domestic manufactures. These pursuits and their results, in the comparatively humble, limited and tardy mode as yet compelled by the time, thought and means that can be devoted to their conduct and attainment, are tame and uninterest- ing to those who dwell amid the whirl of mental and physical energies constantly taxed to their utmost tension in the selfish, unsatisfying and frenzied quest of worldly emolument, fame, power, and maddening draughts from the siren cup of pleasure; but they are laying for us and our children a foundation broad, deep, strong and durable, upon which, through the blessings of our God, to rear a supestructure for the temporal well-being of ourselves and the thousands upon thousands who will seek unto us for sustenance and the enjoyment of the inalienable rights of civil and religious liberty. Whether our agricultural interests, though so broad- ly underlying and essentially upholding all other avo- cations, require at present the further aid of special legislation, may well be questioned, since private en- terprise has accumulated individual means until our agriculturists and graziers are abundantly able, either singly or by a combination of a few of the more ener- getic, to procure those approved labor-saving ma- chines and import those kinds and numbers of domes- tic animals that their ripening experience may dictate. And aside from that constantly increasing experience and ability, and a higher tone of energy in their appli- cation, the Deseret Agricultural and Manufacturing Society have, through the appointment, from time to time, of lectures upon these and other practicable branches of industrial pursuits, and the annual dis- tribution of prizes for the best specimens of home products, diffused a laudable emulation for attaining superior excellence in every department pertaining to our temporal advancement, insomuch that with the fa- cilities as yet at our command it would appear advisa- ble to still leave those and kindred interests to the able management and fostering care of that Society. True, their recurring annual fair, held in this city in October last, owing to circumstances beyond their control, was by no means so fully attended nor the articles in ex- hibition so numerous and varied as would otherwise have been the case, still the most casual observer could not but note and be gratified with the abundant evidence of the industrial prosperity of our Territory. The mechanical skill of our artisans, so far as ma- terial would permit, has also been assiduously applied to the home supply of those necessaries and comforts so essential to well-ordered civilized society, thus freeing us in a goodly degree from the heavy tax of imported goods; yet there is an ample and ever-in- creasing demand for the products of their labor at very liberal rates of compensation, which will doubtless afford all necessary inducements for home manufac- ture to the full extent of the raw materials in our pos- session, except, perhaps, in the article of iron. They also, in common with all other classes of our pro- ducers, share proportionally in the benefits arising from the annual exhibition of their handiwork in our Fairs. In some instances, especially so in relation to the sugar cane, cotton, wool and dye stuffs, the want of the raw materials has been a serious drawback. It therefore affords me the greater gratification to be able to inform you that there is a fair prospect, at an early date, that our wants in those particulars will be amply supplied, independent of the burdens of importation. The Sorghum or Chinese sugar cane has been general- ly and successfully cultivated in small patches in a great variety of soil throughout many of our settle- ----- new page (VMSS792_S3_SS14_B17A_F16_I7_p013.jpg) ments, and has been proved to be well adapted to a wide latitude of our climate. This plant is an almost invaluable acquisi[-]ion, being singularly prolific in seed as well as in a large amount of most excellent forage, and affording a remarkably large proportion of juice, highly charged with saccharine matter, which can easily be manufactured into a sirup almost if not quite equal to the far-famed golden sirup of the sugar refine- ries, thereby relieving us from the necessity of sub- mitting to a burdensome drain of our circulating me- dium or the deprivation of a healthful article of diet. A small crop of a very good sample of cotton was suc- cessfully cultivated in our southern settlements during the past season, also a few stalks of indigo, and prepa- rations are being made in that region for the production of cotton and indigo to supply our demands, as speedily as indigo seed can be procured in sufficient quantity. Madder can be raised in all our settlements, and it is a matter of astonishment that no seed of so useful and easi- ly cultivated a plant has ever been brought into this Territory, so far as I am informed, and it is to be hoped that our friends abroad will take the earliest steps to supply this want. Our quantity of wool is still far short of an adequate supply, chiefly caused by a measurably culpable inattention to the care of so valuable a class of stock as is our sheep, and to de- pending too much upon foreign supplies which are at any time liable to be beyond our reach. Your in- fluence, counsels and example can do much toward eccouraging the production of wool and flax, that our spinning wheels and looms be not compelled to stand idle, and the people caused to suffer through their own improvidence in affairs within their reach and compre- hension. The manufacture of iron has not been prosecuted with that success so fondly anticipated and so much desired, but an engine having been furnished to the company, it is expected that all compatible attention will be given to supplying an article which enters so largely into our various daily operations. In fine, there is no known limit to the resources kindly pro- vided in the elements surrounding us, no trammel upon the skill and energies of the people, to hinder any from putting forth their talents to the fullest stretch for en- riching, beautifying and making heavenly the moun- tain and desert region in which our lot is cast. Our schools, to those unacquainted with the facts and circumstances connected therewith, may seem not to have received that attention which their importance demands; at the same time each Ward throughout the Territory has provided one or more comfortable school-houses commensurate with the number of pu- pils to be accommodated; and proportionably more has been done in Utah for the true enlightenment of the rising generation, than has ever been accomplished under like conditions in any other portion of the Union. And aside from the stated hours and exercises of schools, education is constantly attainable from books, from conversation, from reflection, at home, abroad, in highways and byways, and as its develop- ments implant the desire for still higher attainments, academies, colleges and universities will arise at the summoning wand of increasing wealth and leisure for learned acquirements until, ere long, we shall as far outstrip the world in every branch of true science as we now do in that knowledge which savoreth of eter- nal lives. In this great cause, also, your influence and example can be made productive of much good, even though your judgment should lead you, during your present session, to waive direct legislation upon this subject. Reports from the Auditor and Treasurer, which I have the honor herewith to transmit, will furnish you the requisite information touching the condition of the financial affairs of the Territory. The parent Government exercises a general super- vision over the aborigines within its borders, yet a brief allusion to the red men within and around Utah may not here be inappropriate, the more especialy since the expense of their care and support has, from the beginning, fallen almost exclusively upon us, and from present appearances bids fair to do so altogether; and still, after we have invariably fed and clothed them, and treated them with the utmost forbearance, in proper consideration for their degraded condition, if we do not turn out and safely, and without charge, es- cort to their destination those passers-through who have cheated and then poisoned and wantonly slain untutored savages, lying and corrupt presses through out the Union will send forth against us a united and prolonged howl of base slander and false accusations, charging upon us all the murders and massacres occur- ring between the Missouri River and the Sierra Nevada Mountains, with the sole intent to excite to frenzy a spirit for our extermination. However much we may be disposed to deplore that savage usage which wreaks indiscriminate vengeance, we still more deeply deprecate that double-dyed villainy of fiendish editors and their lie-loving readers who willfully suppress and falsely color facts and subvert truths for the sole purpose of raising an unhallowed hue and cry against an innocent people, for those editors and readers have been better taught; and suggest that if all such characters would organize themselves into patrolling Vilgilance Committees for the purpose of restraining the cruel and outrageous conduct of a por- tion of the annual passing emigration, they would soon learn that the Indians are far oftener, if not al- ways, when difference of education and habits is iu- cluded, “more sinned against than sinning;" that the most forbearing will not forever patiently endure a continued tirade of unjust threats, abuse and vitupera- tion; that kindness is much more winning than sever- ity, and that the inhabitants of Utah, as ever, are at home noiselessly pursuing their peaceful avocations ----- new page (VMSS792_S3_SS14_B17A_F16_I7_p014.jpg) and struggling to mete out even-handed justice to all, irrespective of creed or party. But, however Govern- ment may neglect, and however enemies may rage and falsely accuse, the experience derived from a long observation of the yearly improvement in some of the most degraded Indian tribes upon the Continent, strongly prompts me to again recommend the con- tinuance of that humane policy so uniformly pur- sued by Utah toward her wild denizens, gradu- ally leading them like children in the rudi- ments of civilization, which has so often resulted and will ever result in saving lives that would other- wise have been and otherwise will be destroyed, and which my judgment dictates to me the wisest, most humane and even cheapest policy that can as yet be adopted. You are already aware that upon examining the bids for carrying the mail on the route between this city and Independence, Mo., in the Fall of 1856, the contract for that route was awarded to Mr. Hiram Kimball, a citizen of this Territory, in compliance with a rule requiring the acceptance of the lowest respon- sible bid. You are also aware that the requisite ser- vice began to be put upon that route so early as Feb- ruary last, upon the first unofficial intimation of the acceptance of the bid, and several weeks before the arrival of official notification, the letter containing that notification having wintered at the Devil’s Gate in care of a mail conductor in the employ of the for- mer contractor. So soon as that notification came to hand, arrangements were entered into for the services of the requisite number of trusty and efficient men to transport the mail and select sta- tion points at convenient distances, and erect suitable buildings and provide grain and forage thereat; ani- mals and vehicles were rapidly forwarded throughout the whole length of the route, and with such liberality and energy were these proceedings conducted that, in- stead of occupying and often exceeding the schedule time of thirty days, as had heretofore been the custom in the most favorable seasons of the year, the trips were performed in a less and still lessening number, until Mr. John R. Murdock and Company took the July mail through in the unprecedented short time of fifteen traveling days, with every prospect for even that brief period being still further shortened. This prompt, safe and reliable service, attained by the ex- penditure of upward of $125,000 in a few months, was well understood in the Post-Office Department in Washington, but instead of even making punctual quarterly payments at the low contract rate of $23,- 000 a year and extending every legal facility and encouragement in their power to the con- tractor, that Department, taking an unjust and altogether unwarrantable advantage of a clause wise- ly designed for the protection of public rights, tyran- nically disannulled the contract, alleging, as cause for such outrageous usurpation, naught but a failure in commencing the service at the time required, when they well knew that service was put upon the route weeks before the arrival of the acceptance of the bid, unduly detained through the fault of their pet con- tractor, and bolstering that allegation with the false and slanderous assertion, "the unsettled state of "things at Salt Lake rendering the mails unsafe under "present circumstances." To all human appearance such conduct could only have been actuated by the fell design to prevent Utah from receiving a single dol- lar of public money for the performance of public ser- vice honorably contracted for, even though that ser- vice were performed in a praiseworthy manner hith erto unexampled, and to deprive us, if possible, from becoming acquainted with the exterminating plans con- cocted in Washington against the most loyal Territory known since the days of the Revolution. Would they have dared to thus treat any State or any other Terri- tory, or to have even suggested such treatment? Every one knows that they would not. What is ob- viously the only inference to be drawn from such ty- rannical usage by so important a Department of the General Government ? That a deep-settled and pre- determined plan, has been agreed upon to deprive us of every vestige of constitutional rights—for that usage accords only with the cry, constantly reiterated throughout the States, "Destroy the inhabitants of Utah," thereby compelling a numerous portion of the citizens of our boasted Republic to fall back upon the indefeasible right of self-defense and adopt lawful measures for their own protection. It is a matter of deep regret that officers of a Gov- ernment, founded at so great a sacrifice by our fore- fathers upon "a land choice above all other lands," have become so sunken in degradation as to have utterly lost sight of those pure and just principles em- ----- new page (VMSS792_S3_SS14_B17A_F16_I7_p015.jpg) bodied in the Constitution, and prefer, in the mad pursuit of low, groveling and selfish aims, to adopt and carry out that suicidal policy, a persistence in which can but end in rending to pieces a nation that otherwise might become the happiest and most powerful on the globe. Reckless office-holders and office-seekers have their poisoned fangs so deeply buried in the vitals of the body politic and are so thoroughly organized and drilled in the defense and attack of the spoils, while the tradesmen, the mechanics, the husbandmen and the humble laborers—the real virtue and sound intel- ligence of the Republic—are so busily occupied in their daily toil, and, except here and there a few, are so little aware of the dire portent of the future, and of the measures necessary for insuring public tranquillity, that it is a discouraging task to attempt arresting the turbid current of official corruption that would sweep every vestige of truth, virtue and human rights from our unhappy country; but the crimsoned satellites of plunder, oppression and usurpation may rest assured that every friend of liberty will resist their destructive progress and stand fast by the Constitution and all laws conformable therewith. ----- new page (VMSS792_S3_SS14_B17A_F16_I7_p016.jpg) ?True, all human instituted governments contain more or less of the weakness pertaining to imperfec- tion, and to this law our Government is by no means an exception; still, I am not acquainted with any man-made form of government in which are sown so few of the seeds of its own dis- solution. Lovers of justice as were the Revo- lutionary patriots, endowed as they were in their delib- erations and acts with a goodly portion of that wisdom which cometh from above, and wielding an influence seldom attained by so small a number, yet they were unable to devise a republican form of government without a system of checks and balances, dividing the federative power into three distinct branches con- trollable only by the will of the sovereign people. Their former experience makes it matter of no surprise that in their deliberations and acts they leaned so strongly to the side of the largest degree of individual freedom, nor, having suffered so sorely under the cruel rod of religion established, by secular power, that they so clearly and strenuously guarded and guaranteed the widest scope to freedom of con- science and consequent right of worship in ac- cordance therewith. But with the sound judgment and experience possessed by those great statesmen, it is only another evidence of the weakness incident to humanity, even when acting under the best of motives, that after having so long groaned under the bitter op- pression of British colonial rule and successfully strug- gled for the establishment of the inherent right of each and all to "life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness," with the positive guaranty that every one should be privileged with and protected in the blessings flowing from a republican form of government, whose character- istic consists solely in the well-defined and well under- stood fact that the rulers and laws shall proceed only from the election and consent of the governed, they should in April, 1784, pass Resolutions, and in July, 1787, over two months previous to the adoption of the Constitution, pass an Ordinance specially legislating for American citizens residing on public domain, directly contrary to the very genius of the Articles of Confederation by which they had mutually pledged each other they would be guided. And that very leg- islation, contrary as it was to the authorities and limitations of the Articles of Confederation existing at the time of the passage of the cele- brated Ordinance of '87 and to those of the Con- stitution adopted in the same year, as well as to the great truth embodied in the Declaration of Independ- ence, that governments derive their just powers from the consent of the governed, could be and was in- dorsed by Americans so long as the usurped power was exercised in justice; and the portion of that ille- gal legislation copied into “Organic Acts” for Territo- ries could still be endured, were it not so grievously abused, as is the case when officers are attempted to be forced upon a free people contrary to their known and expressed wishes. Still, looking as our patriot fathers measurably did to the governmental experi- ence and example of the mother country, and sur- rounded as they were by so many conflicting views and entangling questions, it is not a subject of so much surprise that they inadvertently took so illegal a course, as it is that an early Congress, under the Con- stitution, continued to perpetuate and endeavor to make legal that which neither was nor over could be law, without first destroying or re-modeling the very Constitution from which Congress derives its power to act. And, again, the course of that Congress is by no means so surprising as that Congress after Con- gress, with a lengthening experience in the workings of the governmental machinery and a boasted in- crease of enlightenment, should still continue to fasten a portion of that unconstitutional relic of colonial bar- barism upon American citizens, whenever a laudable spirit of enterprise induces those citizens to lawfully occupy and improve any portion of the public domain. And it is most surprising of all, that Americans occu- pying public domain in Territories have so tamely submitted to such long-continued and obvious usur- pation. Even since the more odious features in the Ordi- nance of '87 have been omitted in the Organic acts more recently passed by Congress for Territories, which [---] but illegal patterns after that uncon- stitutional ordinance, officers are appointed to rule over American citizens in Territories, and to have a voice in the enactment, adjudication and execution of Territorial laws; and worse still, those officers are frequently appointed from a class well known, through the rightfully expressed wishes of large majorities, to be justly objected to by those whom they are appointed to govern. Call you that republican? It is British colonial vassalage uncon- stitutionally perpetuated by tyranny and usurpation in the powers that be. It is difficult to conceive how a people so enlightened as are Americans should for so long a period have suffered themselves to be measur- ably disfranchised by usurpations curtailing their rights when passing an air-line from a State into a Territory, more especially when that changing of lo- cality is to result in the improvement of regions that would otherwise remain waste. It is foreign to my present purpose to detail that policy which should have governed from the begin- ning in relation to enlightened residents in our Terri- tories, a policy that would not have curtailed them in the least Constitutional right, and would thereby have utterly excluded that odious and suicidal incon- sistency existing from the first until now between the form and the administration of our Government, and would have caused the administration as does the form, to guarantee equal freedom to all, in Territory as well as State, but will merely remark, in passing, that the continued practice of that wretched inconsistency has done and is doing much to undermine the fair fabric of American liberty. ----- new page (VMSS792_S3_SS14_B17A_F16_I7_p017.jpg) Utah, also, like other Territories, saw fit to waive those Constitutional rights so illegally denied to citi- zens who cross certain air-lines of a common country to extend the area of civil and religious liberty, and an act organizing our Territorial government was passed by Congress on the 9th of September, 1850. Fortunately for us a wise and good man then occupied the executive chair of our nation, a statesman whose sound judgment and humane feelings prompted him to extend to us our rights, so far as the "Organic Act" and hungry office-hunters would permit. He appoint- ed a part of the customary appointees in accordance with the wishes of the people, and no doubt thought that he had appointed good men to fill the remaining offices, but in this he was partially disappointed, being deceived by the foolish although very common habit of recommending men who are not worthy. I am also confident that his successor endeavored to make as good appointments for us as circum- stances and unwise counsels and recommendations would allow, but during his administration prejudice began to set in strongly against Utah, and he was so unfortunate as to appoint, at the instigation and solici- tation of a then influential Senator in Congress, a per- son who proved to be as degraded as his capacity would admit, and who, it is reported, came, acted, left, and still acted in accordance with the instructions from the Senator who procured his appointment, but in a manner outraging morality, justice, humanity, law, and even common decency. The members and officers of the last Legislative Assembly, familiar with the evils visited upon the in- nocent by the miserably bad conduct of certain officials heretofore sent here by Government, knowing that all republican governments, which both our General and State Governments are in form, are based upon the principle that the governed shall enjoy the right to elect their own officers and be guided by laws having their own consent, and perfectly aware that by the Constitution residents in Territories are guaranteed that great right equally with residents in States (for Congress has not one particle more Constitutional power to legislate for and officer Americans in Territories than they have to legislate for and officer Americans in States), respectfully memori- alized the President and Senate to appoint officers for Utah in accordance with an accompanying list con- taining the names of persons who were her first choice for the offices placed opposite those names, but if that selection did not meet with approval they were so- licited to make the appointments from a list contain- ing other and a larger number of names of residents who were also the choice of the people, and if that selection was also rejected, to appoint from any part of the Union, with the simple request, in such event, that the appointees be good men. In this matter of appointment of officers, what more rights could the most tyrannical in a republican government ask a Territory to waive? Yet up to this date no official information concerning the action, if any, taken upon that memorial has ever reached us. Time glided by, and travelers and newspapers began to confirm the rumor that the present Exec- utive and a part of his Cabinet had yielded to the rabid clamor raised against Utah by lying edi- tors, corrupt demagogues, heartless office-hunters and the ignorant rabble, incited by numbers of the hire- ----- new page (VMSS792_S3_SS14_B17A_F16_I7_p018.jpg) ling clergy, and were about to send an army to Utah with the sole and avowed purpose, as published in al- most every newspaper, of compelling American citi- zens, peacefully, loyally and lawfully occupying Amer- ican soil, to forego the dearest constitutional rights, to abandon their religion, to wallow in the mire and wor- ship at the shrine of modem civilization and Chris- tianity, or be expelled from the country or exter- minated. Where now are constitutional rights? Who is laying the ax at the root of the tree of liber- ty? Who are the usurpers? Who the tyrants? Who the traitors? Most assuredly those who are madly urging measures to subvert the genius of free institutions and those principles of liberty upon which our Government is based, and to overthrow virtue, independence, justice and true intelligence, the loss of either of which by the people, the celebrated Judge Story has wisely affirmed, would be the ruin of our Re- public—the destruction of its vitality. And ex-Presi- dent James Madison, among other purposes, declared it to be the purpose of Government "to avoid the "slightest interference with the rights of conscience "or the functions of religion, so wisely exempted from "evil jurisdiction." Has Utah ever violated the least principle of the Constitution, or so much as broken the most insignifi- cant Constitutional enactment ? No, nor have we the most distant occasion for so doing, but have ever striven to peacefully enjoy and extend those rights granted to all by a merciful Creator. But so unob- trusive and wise a course does not seem to please those who live and wish to live by office, and those who make and love lies; and since those characters are numerous, and also powerful through well-discip- lined organization, and since Utah has yielded right after right for the sake of peace, until her policy has emboldened the enemies of our Union, it must needs be that President Buchanan, if he has ordered an army to Utah as reported—for he has not officially notified me of such a movement by his order—has at length succumbed, either of choice or through being overcome, to the cruel and nefarious counsels of those enemies, and is endeavor- ing to carry out a usurpation of power which of right belongs only to the people, by ap- pointing civil officers known to be justly objectiona- ble to freemen and sending a so-called army under mere color of law to force those officers upon us at the point of the bayonet, and to form a nucleus for the ----- new page (VMSS792_S3_SS14_B17A_F16_I7_p019.jpg) Toward the close of last month we were visited by a party of nearly 300 Utah Indians, a portion of them delegates from the band on White River, along which Capt. Marcy may be compelled to pass on his return from New-Mexico. They waited on Dr. Forney, the Superintendent of Indian Aftairs for the Territory, and received from him presents of the value of several thousand dollars. It is a matter of satisfaction that both Dr. Forney and Dr. Hurt are alive to the importance of conciliating the Utahs and Snakes and weaning them from the control of the Mormons; otherwise these tribes might seriously retard the operations of the troops in the Spring and Summer by committing depredations on our cattle. So far as I can judge, the influence exercised by Brigham Young upon the tribes within and adjoining the Territory has been exaggerated. It has un- doubtedly been considerable, but by no means, I be- lieve, so constant and universal as is supposed. All that we want of the Utahs and Snakes is that they shall remain neutral. By judicious management this object can be attained; and even more, if desirable, their sympathies can be enlisted on our side. I have often referred to the new road opened as far as to the Pacific slope last Summer, by Lieut. Bryan of the Topographical Engineers; to the sav- ing of distance which it would effect, and to the changes in the location of military posts which would follow its adoption. Mr. Bryan’s official re- port we have, of course, not yet received, nor are we likely to receive it for an indefinite period, un- less some improvement takes place in our mail service. But information which I have gained con- cerning the character of the country through which it will be necessary to run a road to connect his road with any route traveled at present toward the Salt Lake Valley, causes me to cherish far less san- guine expectations of immediately favorable results from his explorations than I have heretofore enter- tained, I understand that he ran his road success- ----- new page (VMSS792_S3_SS14_B17A_F16_I7_p020.jpg) fully to a point near the head of Bitter Creek, where he was certain that it touched waters which ultimately fall into the Pacific—and no further. The information I receive concerning the country extending at least one hundred and fifty miles west from its termination, to Green River, is authentic, and leads me to believe that that country can never be traversed by large trains, unless it becomes sup- plied artificially with pure water and ample forage for animals. Its waters are all impregnated to an extraordinary extent with alka ine matter, and its grass is very scanty, chiefly bunch grass, and grows in patches—not a blade being visible frequently for eight or ten miles. I know that Col. Johnston has become anxiously interested in this matter, and has commissioned several intelligent persons, conversant with the requisites for a good military road through this country, to traverse various trails communicat- ing with Bryan’s road, and to make reports of their observations, to be forwarded as promptly as possi- ble from Fort Laramie to Camp Scott. I fear that they will confirm the views which I have ad- vanced of the present impracticability of the route; and I believe that all the heavy trains started from the States for Utah will he obliged, for this year at least, to traverse the old road up the Sweetwater and through the South Pass. MORMON HOSTILITIES—THE DANITES AND THEIR MURDERS. CAMP SCOTT, Jan. 3, 1858. Feldmann, the Hospital Steward of the 10th In- fantry, who was taken prisoner by the Mormons while passing from the camp of the 10th to that of the 5th on Ham’s Fork, about the end of October, has been released by Brigham Young, probably as an equivalent for Elder Almeiron Grow, who was sent to Salt Lake City with Gov. Cumming’s pro- clamation. He arrived at Camp Scott last even- ing, accompanied by two teamsters who were cap- tured by the Mormons during the mouth of Octo- ber, and were released at the same time with him- self. Gen. Wells furnished them with conveyance from Salt Lake City to Bear River, and from there they made their way through the snow on foot. They bring the important intelligence that the Mormons are already fitting out an expedition to intercept Capt. Marcy on his return from New- Mexico in the Spring, stampede and seize his mules, and destroy his escort. The date on which it is anticipated that Capt. Marcy will start from Santa Fe, or from Taos, is March 20; but I doubt whether by any possiblity he will be able to move before the first of April. The number of mules which he can collect will not be less than 1,200 or 1,500, and ----- new page (VMSS792_S3_SS14_B17A_F16_I7_p021.jpg) the grass will not be grown along his route suf- ficiently to support so large a herd on a journey commenced at so early a day as the 20th of March. He is an officer admirably adapted for the service which he has in charge, having a previous and thor- ough knowledge of the country through which he must pass; and being aware that the result of this year’s campaign depends in great measure on the success of his expedition, he will encounter no hazard which a prudent man would avoid. It will, therefore, be practicable for news of the movement in preparation against him to reach Gen. Scott in time to allow arrangements to be made to secure him against any force which the Mormons can de- tach to operate in his direction. It is probable that a similar effort will be made to intercept the droves of horses which may be sent down to the army from Oregon. I believe that I wrote to you that Mr. Ficklin was dispatched to that Territory, at the beginning of December, to purchase horses with which to remount the dra- goons. His principal operations will be among the Flathead Indians. Feldmann states that many of the Mormon troops have been withdrawn from Echo Cañon, and esti- mates the number remaining there and in its vicini- ty at 1,000. He confirms the fact that there is a series of little posts along the main road from Salt Lake City, the nearest being within forty miles of this camp. By means of these, news of every move- ment in our army is conveyed with great rapidity to Brigham Young. He says that the Mormon parti- sans who operated against us last Fall were the best equipped portion of their forces. Every two men were provided with four horses and one pack-mule. He confirms the fact that there is a great scarcity of clothing and groceries in Salt Lake City, although there is abundance of the products native to the Territory. During his confinement he was well fed, and on the whole humanely treated, although he twice endeavored to escape, succeeding once in traveling more than fifty miles from the city before he was retaken. He was not placed in irons, but only guarded by a sentinel. Wen he was taken to Fort Bridger, soon after his capture in October, the Mormons examined his Minie rifle with great curiosity, and asked him many questions about its range, but, he says, he had taken the precaution of breaking off the graduated sight of his piece and had snapped the ramrod in two. He confirms the suspicion that a most atrocious murder was committed by William A. Hickman, the chief Thug or Danite, on a mountaineer named Yates, in October. To the circumstances attending Yates’s disappearance and probable death I have heretofore only distantly alluded, for I was unwill- ing to lay charges incapable of proof against a man who is already burdened with a greater variety of crimes than any villain mentioned in the Causes Celébres. Yates and Ely, two mountaineers, had a small post on Green River, near Baptiste Luoison’s, and lived by raising and trading cattle. When Col. Alexander’s command crossed the river last Sep- tember, Yates disposed to the army of some kegs of gunpowder which he was keeping for sale at his post. He also contracted to supply the commissary with some beef cattle, and a few days afterward drove them up to the camp on Ham’s Fork, and re- ceived in payment more than $1,000. On his re- turn to Green River a party of Mormons captured him, and conveyed him to Fort Bridger. From there he was taken to Salt Lake City, and after be- ing confined for a few days was allowed to start east- ward, accompanied by Hickman. Since the day he started nothing has ever been heard of him ex- cept the report which is now brought by Feldmann, that he was murdered and robbed by Hickman, as being a man who bad forfeited his life to the Mor- mon god for the sin against the Church of the Latter-Day Saints of having sold gunpowder to the United States Army. It is said that Hickman ac- knowledges the murder, and has exhibited articles which are known to have been in the dead man’s possession. A true narrative of the life of such Thugs as Hickman, Porter Rockwell and Lot Smith, would, beyond question, make a story that would become classical in criminal annals. These men all live on small ranches near Salt Lake City, where they graze a few cattle, farming and stock-raising being their ostensible employment, but their actual subsistence being on the spoils of the victims whom they sacri- fice to the vengeance of their church. One of their number was taken prisoner to-day in our own camp. I passed him an hour or two ago, sitting on the sod in front of the 5th Infantry’s guard tent, smoking a pipe as composedly as if a noose was not dangling over his neck. His name is either James or John Thompson. He is a Mormon elder, and a Thug or Danite. He came to camp this morning, accompanied by a Cherokee Indian called Jim (who has visited us twice before), leading a mule loaded ----- new page (VMSS792_S3_SS14_B17A_F16_I7_p022.jpg) [lower right portion of page is torn off, obscuring some text] with butter and eggs, the first which have been seen by us since the Summer. Although disguised in soldier’s clothing, he was recognized while dis- posing of his butter in the store of Messrs. Gilbert & Gerrish; and information being conveyed to headquarters, he wras promptly placed in arrest by Major Porter, the Assistant Adjutant-General. Hi[-] avowed object was to discover what mails, express[-] and bearers of dispatches were to leave the cam[-] and about the time of their departure to send w[-] to a band of Mormons who are lurking somew[-] in our vicinity, so that they might cut them off [-] this project he probably intended to employ [-] kee Jim as the messenger between himself [-] Mormon band; but there being no proo[-] intention, Jim was dismissed with a war[-] from Col. Johnston and from Dr. Forne[-] perintendent of Indian Affairs, that he [-] mediately arrested if found again wit[-] cincts or in the vicinity of our camp. Thompson's employment during the ----- new page (VMSS792_S3_SS14_B17A_F16_I7_p023.jpg) Autumn has been to forward to Salt Lake City information of the movements of the troops. For this purpose he stationed himself at John Richards's trading post at the Platte Bridge, about 120 miles west from Fort Laramie. The circumstances attending his final departure from the bridge in November, after Col. Cooke had passed westward with the 2d Dragoons, were somewhat singular. With the October mail from the States a man named O. W. Thorpe took passage, with the design of pro- ceeding to Utah to offer to sell to Brigham Young Col. Kinney’s claims or pretensions to Central American territory, anticipating that the straits to which the Mormons may be reduced might be such as to compel Brigham to think seriously of a propo- sition so chimerical. Thorpe quarreled with every- body connected with the mail, from the conductor down to the drivers, and upon arriving at the bridge and learning what had occurred ahead, abandoned that mode of conveyance, and engaged Thompson and a man who was once employed to tend the Mormon Church herd in Cache valley, to pilot him to Salt Lake City on the Bitter Creek roote. Under their guidance he traveled as far as Green River, but unfortunately for Col. Kinney, he quareled with them as violently as he had done with the employees upon the mail; and there they abandoned him and made their own way to Salt Lake Valley across the mountains. He remained a fortnight at Baptiste Luoison’s trading post, and then started back to- ward the States. How far he has proceeded on his return and in what quarrels he has involved himself, I do not know. So there is no chance for a Mormon exodus to Nicaragua. Immediately after Thompson’s arrest, Lieut. Grover of the 10th Infantry was appointed Provost Marshal of the camp, and to-day he has entered upon the discharge of the duties of that office. It is to Mr. Grover that the credit belongs of having shed the first blood in the Mormon war. On Oct. 16, while in command of a detachment of Captain Dunevant’s company of the 10th In- fantry, he fired upon a party of Mormon marauders, on Ham’s Fork. The distance, more than 700 yards, was too great to allow the vol- ley to do serious damage; but we have just learned that two shots took effect, one killing a horse, and the other passing through the foot of its rider. The circumstance that Thompson was disguised in soldier’s clothing when he was arrested induces me to allude to the necessity of some further meas- ure, whether by law or military regulation, of checking the assumption of the army uniform by civilians, which is so universal on the Plains. In the present state of affairs in Utah it is a matter deserving serious consideration. Almost every teamster and camp follower of this army is clothed in an overcoat and in pantaloons fraudulently sold, either to himself or to a third party, by some sol- dier. One principal purpose of a uniform—to estab- lish a distinction between the civilian and the soldier, which shall be palpable to the eye—is thus frus- trated. I might allude to the various embarrass- ments which arise from the practice, and to its prejudicial effect upon the discipline, and in some measure the esprit of a large army, but they will readily suggest themselves to you. The simple fact that Thompson, had his face escaped recognition, might have passed for a teamster or an artificer with more ease than if he had worn the usual garb of a civilian, of itself relieves the subject from the reproach of triviality. The sale of the garments by the soldier is already punished by military regu- lation, but this regulation is not sufficient, as the frequency of its invasion proves. The purchase of them from deserters by civilians is punished by law, and I believe that circumstauces justify the exten- sion of the penalty to the purchase from any soldier whatever, and the making the possession of the clothing prima facie proof of the offense. ----- new page (VMSS792_S3_SS14_B17A_F16_I7_p024.jpg) The system of espionage practiced toward this expedition by the Mormons has been complete and successful. Not a single detachment of troops, nor a train, nor hardly even a party of civilians travel- ing across the plains either on business or for pleasure, left the Missouri border during the Sum- mer without being accompanied by a Mormon spy in some subordinate capacity, such as teamster or cook. I do not know what additional precautions could have been employed against this system. The baggage of a suspected person might, if searched, furnish means of detection. Every Mormon who has undergone the process of endowment is ex- pected to wear thenceforth a species of under-gar- ment, which has been described to me as a shirt and pair of drawers, knit together so as to form one piece of clothing. This is put on by means of a long slit cut in it behind and tied together with strings. On the breast, and on one if not both arms, a piece in the shape of a lozenge is cut out, and then in- serted with a broad seam. THE MORMON LEGISLATURE—BRIGHAM YOUNG’S MESSAGE. CAMP SCOTT, Jan. 4, 1858. The Mormon Legislature met, as was announced, at Salt Lake City on Dec. 14. The Council organ- ized by the choice of Heber C. Kimball as Presi- dent, and the House of Representatives elected John Taylor Speaker. On the 15th Brigham Young sent in a Message, which was read in the House by James Ferguson, Clerk of that body. This Ferguson was Sergeant-Major of Col. Cooke’s Mormon battalion during the Mexican war. On the 21st the two legislative branches unanimously adopted and signed a series of resolutions indors- ing Young's Message, and pledging themselves to sustain him in the rebellion. On the 22d they passed an act attaching Green River County, in which the U. S. troops are encamped, to Great Salt Lake County. Of this act, the resolutions, and the Mes- sage I inclose you copies, and also a list of the mem bers and officers of the Legislature. The general opinion among persons acquainted with Young’s style of composition, is that this message was not written by himself, but by John Taylor, who is by far the most accomplished man in education, travel and manners among the Mormon leaders. He is well known as for many years editor of the Mormon newspaper published at New-York City. If a long letter, which he addressed to Capt. Marcy during the month of October, in which the points at issue in this rebellion are discussed, has yet been published in the States, I think that a comparison of its style with that of the message will justify the opinion to which I refer, concerning the authorship of the latter. I inclose to you also a file of The Deseret News for the month of December (with the except- ion of the number for December 30), which was brought by Feldmann from Salt Lake City. One thing is remarkable in all the printed discourses which it contains, which is also particularly nota- ble in Young’s Message—the absence of allusions to the presence of the new civil officers of the Terri- tory, and to the reception of Gov. Cumming’s proc- lamation. In a hasty glance through the sermons, I have been able to detect only one reference to that proclamation, and that but slight and casual. In the sermons there is also less obscenity and profani- ty than usual. Another notable feature in the newspapers, and one which gives us an insight into the social condi- tion of the Mormon community, is the frequency of such advertisements as the following: "WHEAT and CLOTHING.—Bring along your substantial Clothing and exchange on liberal terms for wheat, corn, cattle, pork, and other domestic products, at the Deseret Store. "For the purpose of a more equal distribution of clothing throughout the settlements, it has been suggested by the First Presidency that clothing of every description be deposited at the Deseret Store, and those who are in need to bring in their grain, &c., and be prepared to make the exchange for the articles needed. "Let everybody look over their wardrobes, turn out their drawers and boxes, and see what can be collected to supply the present wants of a large portion of this community.” A MORMON PRISONER—HIS TRIAL. CAMP SCOTT, January 5, 1858. William Stowell, the principal Mormon prisoner, was arraigned yesterday in the District Court upon the indictment for treason returned by the Grand Jury on Dec. 30. Since the escape of his fellow- prisoner, Taylor, he has been confined by steel shackles, which, however, were removed so as to enable him to walk without discomfort to the Court-House—about a quarter of a mile from the guard-tents of the 10th Infantry. His escort—a corporal and four men—surrendered him into the custody of the United States Marshal, Mr. Dotson, at the door. The Courtroom was crowded with ----- new page (VMSS792_S3_SS14_B17A_F16_I7_p025.jpg) spectators, among whom were Col. Johnston and Gov. Cumming. Stowell is a thick, heavy-set man, not more than five feet six inches in hight, with a rough and obsti- nate, but not malignant countenance, short and shaggy black hair, and an illiterate expression. He was clothed warmly, and with tolerable neatness, Judge Eckels having personally inspected and pro- vided for his physical cleanliness before the arrival of the Marshal at camp. He listened to the reading of the indictment with composure, and was evidently gratified and sur- prised to find his name in such notable company. At its close he entered a plea of not guilty. Upon a question by Judge Eckels, what time the prisoner would desire to prepare for his trial, his counsel, Mr. Charles Maurice Smith (formerly a lawyer at Port Royal, Virginia, and more recently associated with Beverley Tucker in the editorship of The Washington Sentinel), stated that by agree- ment with the United States Attorney he should re- quest that the case might go over to tho next term of the Court. The prisoner would desire the pres- ence of witnesses, whose attendance, in the present confused state of affairs in the Territory, it would be difficult, if not impossible, to procure. The United States Attorney, Mr. Hockaday, said that so far as the Government was concerned it was prepared to proceed to the trial at any mo- ment, but he thought the interval requested by the prisoner no longer than reasonable. He should of- fer no objection to the request of the prisoner’s counsel for another cause, that, although, as he had said, the Government was prepared to proceed at the earliest moment, a brief delay would suit the public interest. There were important witnesses in the States, whose presence before the Grand Jury it had been impossible to secure, and in the same indictment with Stowell there were numerous other names of persons who had not yet been ar- rested. Judge Eckels then said that the delay requested was certainly not unreasonable, and that the case might lie over. In consideration of the grave char- acter of the offense charged in the indictment, upon which the prisoner had been arraigned, and its im- portant significance in view of the events transpir- ing in the Territory, he deemed it his duty to remark thus publicly what under ordinary circumstances there would be no occasion to say, that in this Court there should be no undue haste, neither undue delay in the trial of any case, and least of all a case of this magnitude and description. No prisoner should be abridged in time for preparation for his trial, nor denied any facility for procuring witnesses which the Court, can afford. Stowell was then again surrendered by the Mar- shal into the charge of the military, and returned to the guard tents. On account of the restrictions imposed upon that officer by his instructions from the Department of the Interior, and for other rea- sons, it has been impracticable for him to provide a place in which prisoners may be kept safely in civil custody. By an arrangement between Judge Eckels and Col. Johnston, the embarrassment arising from this cause has been obviated, and the army guards all persons held in custody by order of the Court. The Colonel, and indeed every officer under his command, have displayed a disposition to assist the Court in the discharge of its duties, which deserves public acknowledgment. The United States Attorney will start this even- ing for Washington, with the intention of returning before the Army can move in the Spring. By the permission of Col. Johnston the duties of his office will be discharged during his absence by Lieut. Henry B. Kelly of the 10th Infantry. Upon the receipt of the news of the proceedings of the Mor- mon Legislature, the Grand Jury, which was dis- missed on Dec. 30, was to-day re-convened, and will probably find an indictment for treason against every member of that body. ----- new page (VMSS792_S3_SS14_B17A_F16_I8_p001.jpg) The letters of our Utah correspondent which we publish to-day throw considerable light on the position at present occupied by the Mormons. We refer particularly to the orders of Gen. Wells, the Mormon Commander-in-Chief, found on the person of Taylor, a Mormon major, taken prisoner along with two others by some of the troops. These orders are, in substance, to harass the advance of the army in every possible way short of shedding blood. We do not share the surprise expressed by our corre- spondent that the orders contain this limitation. It does not grow out of the idea that bloodshed is necessary to constitute treason, but out of that hesi- tation at taking life, which, however soon and however completely it may be got over, always characterizes the commencement of civil warfare. In point of law, the shedding or not shedding of blood might make no difference. In point of senti- ment and feeling, and of action stimulated by sen- timent and feeling, it makes a great deal. Hence, in these cases, it is always a great point to throw the responsibility of the first bloodshed on the opposite party. Brigham Young has sense enough to know that, great as is the existing antipathy against him and his people, a conflict commenced by his orders, in which the blood of United States soldiers should flow, would greatly aggravate it. On the other hand, it may be found that extreme proceedings against Major Tay- lor, who it seems is charged with high treason, as having been one of the party concerned in stopping and burning the provision wagons, will produce a state of feeling in the Mormons which, perhaps, in the present position of the troops, might as well not be precipitated. At last the forces are con- centrated, and are encamped for the Winter at Fort Bridger. The annals of military operations are sufficiently full of disastrous blunders, but they will scarcely furnish a more striking instance of the kind than this sending of two thousand men a thous- and miles into the wilderness, to pass the Winter at that dreary place. For any purpose of operating against the Mormons, these troops would have been a hundred times better posted, had they remained in Kansas. A start from Kansas early in the Spring would have brought them to Salt Lake City by midsummer; quite as soon as they can expect to arrive there now, even if the cold and the Mormons, and the diet of lean beef, which forms the chief part of their rations, should leave them, when the Spring opens, with numbers, strength or spirit for the enterprise. In fact, no movement from Fort Bridger can be attempted until draft cattle, fresh supplies of provisions, and additional forces are brought up from the frontier; so that nothing can be gained, even in time, by the present position of the troops and the inevitable sufferings and privations to which they will be sub- jected. Had it been the object of the Govern- ment to encourage Brigham Young to oppose the entrance of the troops into Utah, and to aid the Mormon leaders in working up the fanaticism of their deluded followers to the highest pitch of des- perate resolution, they could hardly have chosen a method of procedure better adapted to that end. If the troops, according to the original plan, had pushed forward in the Spring and arrived in Utah by July, as they might and should have done, it is not likely that any resistance would have been opposed to their entrance into the country, or that the civil officers would have found any serious difficulty in entering upon the formal discharge of their duties. The political exigen- ces of Kansas and the retention of the troops in that Territory to aid in keeping down the Free- State men and sustaining the Border-Ruffian regime having interfered with this movement, evidently the true policy would have been to have held back the troops for the Winter. ln that case, ----- new page (VMSS792_S3_SS14_B17A_F16_I8_p002.jpg) the Mormons would probably have regarded the expedition as abandoned. At all events, the inter- val might have been employed in disseminating among them a more correct idea of the real object of the enterprise, and when the army moved for- ward in the Spring, it might have been in such force as to deter the Mormon leaders from the idea of an armed resistance. Instead of either of these reasonable courses, finding itself exposed to the suspicion of never having really intended any movement against the Mormons, the Government undertook to relieve itself from that charge by precipitating the troops, just at the beginning of the Winter, into a posi- tion where they can do no good, where they are exposed to suffer greatly, and in which, worn down and diminished in strength and numbers as they necessarily must be by a Winter spent in canton- ments under such circumstances, should the Mor- mons attack them in the Spring they may have great difficulty to maintain themselves till supplies and re-enforcements can come up. In addition to all the other criticisms to which this unlucky Winter encampment at Fort Bridger lies open, in the present state of the Federal Treasury the expense of it is not to be overlooked. The exceedingly heavy cost of transporting to such a distance and through such a country a six or eight months’ supply for two thousand men will be entirely thrown away. On the frontier, the troops might have been fed during the Winter for a fifth part of the sum which their maintenance at Fort Bridger will cost. Flour transported over the Plains, by the time it reaches Fort Bridger, mounts up to half a dollar the pound, and other things in proportion. The beef of the half-starved oxen, on which the troops will be chiefly fed, will doubtless cost the Government three or four times the money for which, in the mar- ket of St. Louis, they might have purchased beef of the best quality. Even the limited quantity of supplies which the country about Fort Bridger might, under ordinary circum- stances have furnished, will now be cut off by the Mormons. In fact, the whole cost incurred in fitting out this expedition may be considered as ab- solutely thrown away. Indeed, much worse than thrown away; since the only result of it will have been to put the troops into a Winter position, the least advantageous that could possibly have been chosen for them, and which, if it has no worse re- sult, will certainly inspire them with a bitterness of feeling toward the Mormons not favorable to a peaceful solution of existing difficulties; while the Mormons themselves will be wrought up by this hostile encampment, as they regard it, on their border to the highest pitch of fanaticism, and may be stimulated by the helpless condition of the troops in the Spring, as they have been by the difficulties of a Winter advance into their country, to meas- ures of annoyance and hostility upon which other- wise they might never have ventured. ----- new page (VMSS792_S3_SS14_B17A_F16_I9_p001.jpg) ?The War Department to-day received official dispatches from the head-quarters of the Army of Utah, dated Black Fork, three miles below the mouth of Ham’s Fork, Nov. 5. Col. JOHNSTON states that Col. SMITH, with his com- mand and the numerous trains guarded by it, reached there Nov. 3. The march was slow and tedious, averaging eleven miles a day. Although the road was excellent and the weather fine, it was not possi- ble to make more rapid progress, on account of the broken-down condition of the draft animals. The trains, including the sutlers and merchants, destined for Salt Lake, which he would not allow to go on, occupied as close an order as they could be made to travel for the space of from five to six miles. No molestation whatever was attempted by the Mormons, which may be attributed to the presence of cavalry, and the judicious dispositions and vigil- ance of Colonel SMITH. On the 16th Colonel JOHNSTON was to march on Fort Bridger, and dislodge any force he might find there, and await the appearance of Colonel COOK, when, as the approach of Winter was too near to attempt the passage of the Wasach range of moun- tains with a probability of success, he would seize upon the district mentioned in his letter from the South Pass, and occupy it until an advance shall be practicable. The communication from BRIGHAM YOUNG to Col. ALEXANDER, and Elders —— and TAYLOR to Capt. MARCY, and the orders of D. WELLS, Commander of the Mormons, which Col. JOHNSTON incloses, and the acts of the Legislative Assembly at the last session, show, he says, a matured and settled de- sign on the part of the Mormons to hold and occupy the Territory, independent of and irrespective of the authority of the United States, occupying as they do the attitude of rebellioa and open defiance of the Government, connected with numerous overt acts of treason. Colonel JOHN- STON has ordered that whenever they are met with in arms they may be treated as enemies, and he reiter- ates the necessity for prompt and vigorous action, or the United States must submit to the usurpation of their territory. The conduct of the Mormons, he says, results from a settled determination on their part not to acknowl- edge the authority of the United States nor any other outside of their church. He adds: "A supply of subsistence must be forwarded early in the Spring. It should reach the army by the 1st of June." Should a long time elapse without hearing from him, (SCOTT,) Colonel JOHNSTON says it must be attri- buted only to the difficulty of sending expresses across the mountains in the Winter months. The officers and men are reportdd to be in fine health and animated with an ardent desire to dis- charge their duties faithfully. ----- new page (VMSS792_S3_SS14_B17A_F16_I9_p002.jpg) In a postscript Col. JOHNSTON says the army has made one day’s march since the 5th, and that on the 7th they were awaiting the arrival of the trains de- layed the day before by a storm. "Our trains" he adds, "occupy in as close an order as they can travel the road from thirteen to fourteen miles—therefore the rear cannot move till late in the day." Among the documents transmitted is a letter from BRIGHAM YOUNG, dated Oct. 16, in which, replying to Colonel ALEXANDER, he says: "If you come here for peaceful purposes you have no use for weapons of war. We wish, and ever have wished, for peace, and have ever sued for it all the day long, as our bitterest enemies know full well; and though the wicked, with the Administration now at their head, have determined we shall have no peace except it be to be down in death, in the name of Israel’s God we will have peace, even though we be compelled by our enemies to fight for it. If you per- sist in your attempts to permanently locate an army in this Territory, contrary to the wishes and constitu- tional rights of the people therein, thus aiding the Administration in their unhallowed efforts to palm their corrupt officials upon us and protect them, the black-legs, black-hearted scoundrels, whoremasters and murderers, as was the sole intention in sending you and your troops here, you will have to meet a mode of warfare against which your tactics furnish you no information. In regard to myself and certain others, having placed ourselves in a position of rebellion and hostility to the Government of the United States, I am perfectly aware, and we understand our true and most loyal position far better than our enemies can inform us. We, of all people, are endeavoring to preserve and perpetuate the genius of the Constitu- tion and constitutional law, while tne Administration and the troops they have ordered to Utah are in fact themselves the rebels, and in hostility to the General Government; and if GEORGE WASHINGTON was now living and at the helm of our Government, he would hang the Administration as high as he did ANDRE, and that, too, with a far better grace and to a much great- er subserving of the best interests of the country.” After much similar defiant language, YOUNG says: "By virtue of my office as Governor of the Terri- tory of Utah, I command you to marshal your troops and leave this Territory, for it can be of no possible benefit to you to waste treasures and blood ----- new page (VMSS792_S3_SS14_B17A_F16_I9_p003.jpg) in prosecuting your course upon the side of a rebellion against the General Government by its administrators. You have had and still have plenty of time to retire within reach of supplies at the East, or to go to Fort Hall. Were you and your fellow-officers as well acquainted with your men as I am with mine, and did they understand the work they are now engaged in as well as you may under- stand it, you must know that many of them would immediately revolt from all connection with so un- godly, illegal, unconstitutional and hellish a crusade against an innocent people ; and if their blood is shed it shall rest upon the heads of their commanders. With us it is the kingdom of God or nothing." In another letter to Colonel ALEXANDER, BRIGHAM YOUNG says: "When the President of the United States so far degrades his high position and prostitutes the highest gift of the people so as to make use of the military power, intended only for the protection of the people’s rights, to crush the people’s liberties. and compel them to receive officials so lost to self-respect as to accept appointmeuts against the known and ex- pressed wish of the people, and so craven and de- graded as to need an army to protect them in their position, we feel that we would be recreant to every principle of self-respect, honor, integrity, and patriot- ism, to bow tamely to such high-handed tyranny, a parallel to which is only found in the attempts made by the British Government in its most corrupt stages against the rights, liberties and lives of our forefathers. If our real enemies, the mobocrats, priests, editors and politicians, at whose instigation the present storm has been gathered, had come against us, instead of you and your command, I would not have addressed them thus. They never would have been allowed to reach the South Pass.” JOHN TAYLOR, in writing a letter to Captain MARCY, says: “¡l know from your personal intercourse with members of the Senate and House of Representa- tives of the United States, that there have been va- rious plans concocted at head-quarters, for some time past, for the overthrow of the Mormons. Mr. FUL- LER, of New-York, who sent you an introductory let- letter to me, informs me that you are a politician. If so, you must know that in the last Presidential cam- paign the Republican Party had opposition to Slavery and polygamy as two of the princi pal planks of their platform. You may know that Utah was picked out, and the only Territory excluded from a participation in the preëmption rights to land. I might enumerate inju- ries by scores. And if these things are not so, why is it that Utah is so knotty a question? Why could DRUMMOND and a host of other mean scribblers palm lheir barefaced lies with such impunity, and have their infamous slanders swallowed witli such gus- to? Was it not that the Administration, as their satellites, having planned our destruction, were eager to catch at anything to render specious their contemplations of blood; or in plain terms, the Democrats advocated strongly popular sovereignty. The Republicans tell them if they join in maintain- ing inviolable the domestic institutions of the South, they must also swallow polygamy. The Democrats thought this would not do, as it would interfere with the religious scruples of many of their supporters, and they looked about for some means to dispose of the knotty question. Mr. BUCHANAN, with Messrs. DOUGLAS, CASS, THOMPSON and others, after failing to devise measures, hit upon the expedient of an armed force against Utah, and thus thought, by a sacrifice of the Mormons, to untie the knotty question. Yes, by destroying or killing a hundred thousand innocent American citizens, to satisfy the pious, humane and patriotic feeling of their constituents, take the wind out of the sails of the Republicans and gain to them- selves immortal honors.” After defending the Mormons, he, in conclusion, says: On my departure from the States, the fluctuating tide of popular opinion against us seemed to be on the wane, and by this time there may be quite a reac- tion in the public mind. If so, it may probably affect, materially, the position of the Administration and tend to more constitutional, pacific and humane measures. In such an eventt, our relative frontiers would be materially changed, and instead of meeting enemies we could meet as Ameican citizens should —friends to one another, and united against our le- gitimate enemies. Such an issue is to be devoutly desired On the person of Major JOSEPH TAYLOR, who was captured, was found a letter to him from DANIEL WELLS, Lieutenant-General of the Mormons, in which the latter directs him, under date of Oct. 4, to proceed with all possible dispatch to the Oregon road, near Bear River, taking close and correct ob- servations of the country on his route. "When you approach the road," he says, "send scouts ahead to ascertain if the invading troops have passed that way. If they have passed take the con- cealed route, and get ahead of them, express to Col. BENTON, who is now on that route, and in the vicinity of the troops, and effect a junction with him, so as to operate in concert. On ascertaining the locality or route of the troops, proceed at once to annoy them in every possible way. Use every exertion to stam- pede their animals, and set fire to their trains; burn the whole country before them and on their flank; keep them from sleeping by night surprises; blockade the road by felling the trees, or destroying the river fords where you can; watch for every op- portunity to set fire to the grass on their windward, so as to, if possible, envelope their trains; leave no grass before them that can be burnt; keep your men concealed as much as possible and guard against surprise; keep scouts out at all times and communication open with Colonel BENTON, Major MCALLISTER and O. R. ROCKWELL, who are op- erating in the same way; keep me advised daily of your movements on every step the troops take, and in what direction. God bless you and give you suc cess. Your brother in Christ. ----- new page (VMSS792_S3_SS14_B17A_F17_I1_p001.jpg) AFFAIRS IN UTAH. Interesting Letter from Judge Drummond— Interference of the Mormons with the Courts of Law. WILLARD'S HOTEL, WASHINGTON, D. C., } Friday, May 22, 1857. } To the Editor of the New-York Daily Times: MY DEAR SIR: In your valuable paper un- der date of the 20th inst., I find a communication over my signature under date of May 4, 1857, from Chicago, Ill., in which I make due reference to an affidavit of Mr. H. A. WATSON, which was inclosed with the communication, that had special reference to that want of fidelity which seems to characterize many of the American latter day clergy, and Elder FERRAMORZ LITTLE in particular: As Mr. WATSON had been a member of this peculiar and new- fangled Divinity, he was and is well prepared, from a real knowledge of the scenes behind the cur- tain where the treasonable degrees are conferred, called Degrees of Endowment, to speak from the Record; since it was that the affidavit of Mr. WATSON was sent for the sole purpose of setting Elder LITTLE in proper light on the subject of his relation and direct duties to the "Latter Day Saints," but from cause or reason to me unexplain- ed, the communication was inserted and the affida- vit omitted. Now, I wished you to insert both the communication and affidavit at the same time, for the reason that the one is an essential part of the other. In connection with those lawless and treasonable creatures now inhabiting Utah Territory, it is pro- per for me to make an explanation for the benefit of the many readers of your paper, in relation to the breaking up of the Court in Salt Lake City in February last past. Some of your correspondeds from Salt Lake, in speaking of the unblushing impudence of HOSEA STOUT at the time Judge STILES’ Court was ad- journed for him by an armed mob, said that "Mr. STOUT was the attorney for the Government, ap- pointed by the authority at Washington." This is not the fact; Mr. STOUT never was appointed by the President, but after Gen. HOLMAN, of Iowa, returned from Utah, Mr. STOUT was at different Terms of Court appointed United States District- Attorney pro tem., by express order of the Court, but it is true that in A. D. 1855 Mr. STOUT got up an application for the office of United States Dis- trict-Attorney for Utah, which petition was signed by Gov. BRIGHAM YOUNG and A. W. BABBITT, and was also presented to Judge KING, Gen. BURR, Dr. HURT and myself for our signatures, but after we explained to Mr. STOUT the fact of there being a secret oath-bound organization in the Mormon Church to resist the execution of the laws and federal authority in Utah Territory, together with the further fact that the Mormons were hostile to the then Administration and President PIERCE in particular, that it was useless for him to make the application, as he would not succeed, and that if he did get the appointment that he could not fully discharge his duty to the Government, country and laws of Congress, for the simple reason that he had again and again sworn in Mormon Lodge Rooms to do all in his power to thwart the ends of the law save those of the Mormon Law,or Higher Priesthood; and that, as we were severally advised, and be- lieved, that such was the true state of the case, we could not, in justice to President PIERCE, the Democratic Party, nor to ourselves, recommend him for the office; and that he was doing a great wrong to ask for an office which he had sworn in advance not to execute with fidelity, but to resist and destroy, if possible to do so; whereupon Mr. STOUT concluded that his oath of office as an Elder in the Church, and his duty to the Church as a faithful member of the "Danite Band," was wholly irreconcilable with that of any office in the gift of the Federal Government, and that, as he could not absolve his allegiance to the Church and "Danite Band," it was highly improper for him to hold the commission of Attorney for the Government in Utah Territory. Indeed, Mr. STOUT, as well as J. A. KELTING, A. P. CHESLEY, W. M. WALL, T. S. WILLIAMS, W. A. HICKMAN, ALMERIN GROW and JOSEPH L. HAYWOOD, all lawyers, never pretended but that their oaths in ----- new page (VMSS792_S3_SS14_B17A_F17_I1_p002.jpg) the lodge-room where they receive endowment degrees, were more binding upon them than the oath of office as Attorneys-at-Law, and frankly said that the sole object of being licensed attorneys was to carry the parchment with them when they went into Gentile communities or into foreign countries as missionaries, as evidence of good char acter at home, and at this day there are two o those Mormon lawyers now in foreign countrie as Mormon Elders, preaching Mormonism, to wit ANDREW J. STEWART and ALMERIN GROW, who were suspended from the practice of the law in Utah Territory by the federal Judges for base and dishonorable conduct in their profession, and to rebut this the Mormons have suspended General BURR, who is the pink of honor. The present Government Attorney for Utah Ter- ritory is Hon. JOHN M. HOCKADAY, who is a gen- tleman of fine sense, a good lawyer, a ripe scholar, and a bold, fearless and faithful man, and above all and over all, faithful to the Constitution of his country and laws of the land. But, as Mr. HOCK- ADAY has been harassed for years by those Mor- mons, and at last by the most unjust and out- rageous manner cheated and swindled out of his princely fortune by those land pirates, I fear that he too will resign his commission and cease his official labors, which would be disastrous to the new Judges who may go there under the present Administration. I frankly bear testimony to the honesty and integrity of General BURR, Surveyor- General of Utah Territory, of Hon. GARLAND HURT, the Indian Agent, as well as of Mr. HOCKA- DAY, having seen all those gentlemen repeatedly placed in the most fearfully dangerous situations in their official as well as social capacities while in that desperate community, and in each and all cases found them equal to every crisis and emergency. I certainly would be guilty of rank injustice did I not most fully give to each of those gentlemen full credit for their high-toned courage, good sense, and strict regard for the positions they severally occupy in public life, and have no hesitation in saying that the removal of those men would be followed with disastrous consequences to the country and the Ad- ministration, and at the same time that their lives are in hourly danger at the hands of a band of lawless assassins the most cruel on earth. I am, respectfully yours, W. W. DRUMMOND. Mr. Watson's Affidavit. The following is the affidavit referred to in Judge DRUMMOND'S letter. It was accidentally omit- ted upon the publication of the former communica- tion: State of Illinois, County of Cook, ss.—HIRAM A. WATSON, being first duly sworn on oath, says, that he is well acquainted with FERRAMORZ LITTLE of Great Salt Lake City in Utah Territory; that this affiant was once a member of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day Saints, (commonly called Mormons,) and lived in Great Salt Lake City for near three years, during which time he took three endowment degrees in the Church, and that he knows from the order and secret organization in the Mormon Church, that Mr. LITTLE, as well as all other male members of the Church of the same degree and standing in the Church, have taken such oaths and obligations as to bind them to open hostility to the form of Govern- ment in the United States; that he is acquainted with Judge W. W. DRUMMOND, late a Judge in Utah Territory, has read his letter of resignation in office, and that from what he knows of Mormonism he can fully vouch for much that Judge DRUMMOND charged against the Mormons in his letter of resigna tion, and that from what he has heard from reliable information he believes the whole to be true ; that he knows FERRAMORZ LITTLE to be worthy of death un- der the laws of the country, and that said LITTLE is bound by his oath to the Mormon Priesthood to con tradict the charges and statements of Judge DRUM- MOND, as well as all other Federal officers, relative to Mormonism, be they ever so true, or forfeit his life to the hands of Mormon assassins for failing to con- tradict the statements of Gentiles, and that the said LITTLE has often aided and abetted in the commis sion of murders at the request of his brother-in-law, BRIGHAM YOUNG, and that it is a part of the church- duty, of the whole Church, to murder and "put out of the way all who may question the authority of the Church, or disobey the will of Brigham Young; and that the secret organization of the Church is one of ----- new page (VMSS792_S3_SS14_B17A_F17_I1_p003.jpg) determined hatred to the American people, and par- ticularly to the Constitution and the laws of the United States; and that Mormonism teaches i's Church mem- bers neither to obey nor respect any man in office or authority under the laws of the United States, or any of them, unless that officer be a Mormon, and that he is bound to execute the will of the Church, and diso- bey the law of the land, or lose his life according to the law of the Mormon Church, and further this depo- nent saith not. Subscribed and sworn to before me this 29th day of April, 1857. H. A. WATSON. W. L. CHURCH, Clerk of Circuit Court of Cook Coun ty, Illinois. Col. Thomas L. Kane on Mormonism. To the Editor of the New-York Daily Times: As this young man KANE is still laboring in the dark, still willing to believe a lie, it may not be amiss to inquire why it is that he now gratuit-ously and voluntarily asks to be heard by the present Administration before his bosom friend, and mild, meek, and humble Christian companion BRIGHAM YOUNG, is removed from the office of Governor of Utah. Not satisfied with the fraud and imposition perpetrated on FILLMORE's Admin- istration in writing the strongest possible indorse- ment of YOUNG's honesty, competency, and devo- tion to the Constitution, all of which was proven wholly untrue, even now, when the whole country is excited and agitated with the oft-repeated wrongs and multiplied crimes of BRIGHAM and his Danite followers, this same young man again writes to the President, and asks to be heard in behalf of the Mormons. He again proposes to enter the witness stand upon general Mormon principles, and deny the many charges preferred against them, not by one man only, but to invalidate the evidence of not only all the officers under both FILLMORE's and PIERCE’s Administrations, (save those who belong to the Church,) but to enter a spectal denial as against all the emigrants who have passed by Salt Lake en route to California, and who have been robbed, plundered, and otherwise ill-treated. It is said that consistency is a jewel, and in this Col. KANE seems determined to be consistent in thus giving a good character to the Mormons generally, and to BRIGHAM YOUNG in particular. But while it is highly commendable to be consistent, is it not equally as commendable to be truthful and honest? If so, what honesty is there in Col. KANE'S now tak- ing the witness stand before the people of the United States and testifying to that about which he is most cruelly ignorant ? Has he been in Utah Ter- ritory for four years ? Has he been an eye-wit- ness to anything going on in Utah since he left there? Certainly he would not risk his standing for truth and veracity by affirmatively answering these questions. Then would it not be wholly gra- tuitous for him to take the bold ground that be- cause he is the advocate and friend of Mormonism his word is worth more than the evidence of all the witnesses who bear incontestible evidence of the Treason and high-handed rebellion now ex- isting in Utah, and which really has existed for twelve long years in the bosom of that church. But did not Col. K. know that BRIGHAM YOUNG was a fugitive from justice at the time he so highly recommended him for Governor of Utah? He says he was with the Mormons at Nauvoo; if so, did he not know that his friend YOUNG had been indicated for making and passing the current coin of the Uni- ted States, in the United States District Court of Illinois, Hon. Judge POPE presiding? If he answers that he did not know it, he certainly shows a degree of ignorance in bearing unqualified evidence of good character without a knowledge of the re- cord. But he can easily resort to the usual Mor- mon plea of Gentile persecution, and say it is false, and that he does not believe it. Again, he says: "BRIGHAM YOUNG drove an ox- team, and carried a sick child in his arms to Dese- ret." Let us remind him that here his memory is again at fault, and call his attention to the fact that a man by the name of THOMAS S. JOHNSON had the honor of driving a fine carriage in which BRIGHAM YOUNG rode to Deseret. While it is true that Col. KANE was cajoled and fed and pampered by the Mormons at Nauvoo, and a town called "Kanesville" in honor of the distin- guished youth, and he invited to visit "the peace- ful valley of the Mormons," that he might be sent as Delegate to Congress from Utah or Deseret; it is equally true that there were many others who ----- new page (VMSS792_S3_SS14_B17A_F17_I2_p001.jpg) Steamer Alta California. MONDAY, DECEMBER 6, 1858. SALT LAKE CORRESPONDENCE. SALT LAKE, NOV. 14, 1858. The great event of the past week has been the erection of a flag-staff and hoisting of the American flag at Camp Floyd. This was done on the 9th inst., in the presence of a large as- semblage of citizens and the Army. The extreme height of the staff is 90 feet above the ground, and nine feet under the surface. It is in two pieces, the lower mast being 45 feet from the ground to the cross-trees. The military formed three sides of a hollow square, and consisted of the 5th Infantry, 3d Artillery, 10th infantry, 7th Infantry, 2nd Ar- tillery, and the Dragoons. Col. Morrison, of the 7th Infantry, was in command, and amidst the booming of cannon, the national music by the various brands, the flag was run up. In the afternoon, a breeze sprung up, and the graceful ensign of the Union floated out to the admiring gaze of the multitude. The flag is 28 feet wide by forty feet long. The above particulars I condense from a published re- port. MEETING OF THE SAINTS—APOSTACY. Yesterday, a meeting of the Saints in general conference took place. I am informed Brigham Young was present, and spoke at some length. To-day, another meeting was held, and I have been told that the conference has adjourned over until the 5th of April next. About one hundred members of the Church were ruled out or cut off for apostacy, which has increased to a considerable extent, since the arrival of the Army into the valley. The Mormon Church has suffered considerable since the advent of the Army. I understand there is to be no more public church meeting, as I have said above, until spring, and on asking about it, I was told that it was to give those who wanted to quit the Church or the Territory, a chance to vamos. ANOTHER MURDER REPORTED. Another murder was reported to have been committed last night. The victim is Gilbert Hunt, a son of General Hunt, formerly of San Bernardino. The murder is reported to be the result of a diffibulty with some discharged teamsters. No facts have as yet been reported, consequently I cannot give you anything more in relation to the matter this mail. WATCHING THIEVES AND DESERTERS. A detachment of troops have been sent from Camp Floyd for the Sevier river. They are to watch the cattle of the Government against thieves in that line, and to arrest deserters in general. THE ALTA’S LETTERS. Dr. Hurt has taken serious offence at th? letter of your correspondent, Mr. Wallace, who passed through here en route for St. Josephs. Mr. Wallace wrote what was believed by every- body, in regard to the outrages on a white woman and her daughter by the Indians. Dr. Hurt feels “hurt” at the publication of his short-comings. We Gentiles, as we are called by the Saints, think Mr. W.’s letters are plain- ly written, and about as near the truth as an honorable gentleman like himself could come in so short a sojourn here. Some of the Mormons don’t like his letters, and say he over-drew the picture of the sadness and sorrowful faces of their women, &c. MISCELLANEOUS NEWS. The weather shows signs of approaching winter, and ere long the mountains will have their winter dress on. The reported discovery of a silver mine “near Camp Floyd,” I think, is a stretch of the ima- gination. I can’t believe it; but if I can verify said discovery, will be extremely glad to inform you. The new city (Brown City) of the “Gentiles” is going ahead, and everybody who has a little spare cash is on the “lookout.” So am I. Considerable interest is manifested in regard to the approaching term of the District Court. Writs and civil processes are talked of being brought against leading Mormons; but nous verons. There is a lot of lawyers already in camp, and, like jackals, are ready to hold forth before the courts and seize what they can. Considerable breath is now wasted by some of these pettifoggers in the police courts, and we may expect to hear of some of the "burning eloquence" before the Court, when it meets. A theatre has been inaugurated at Camp Floyd by the army officers, with which they intend to beguile their time during the coming winter. It is more than an ordinary undertak- ing to get up good theatrical representations so far away from the older States. ----- new page (VMSS792_S3_SS14_B17A_F17_I3_p001.jpg) The Press. FRIDAY, FEBRUARY 18, 1859. Territorial Questions. In a vigorous Republic like this, territorial questions will always necessarily demand great attention. They do so in all countries possess- ed of energy, enterprise, and power. They did so in Rome and Greece in their palmy days, and do so in Russia, France, and Eng- land now. Since the formation of our Govern- ment we have constantly had important terri torial topics to engage our attention. Some- times they assumed the shape of disputed boundary questions, in the Northeast and Northwest, the Southwest or the Southeast; sometimes they related to the acquisition of territory, as in the case of Louisiana, Florida, California, or Cuba; and sometimes they re- lated to the mode in which our Territories should be governed, and to the character of the institutions to be established within their boundaries. Even if we should not enlarge our domin- ions by acquisitions from foreign Powers, the immense area belonging to this country lying between the Mississippi river and the Pacific ocean, will continue to furnish a fruitful sub- ject for agitation, unless the whole question involved in its government is disposed of on some broad, comprehensive, and enduring ba- sis. It was but the other day that Oregon was admitted into the Union, and since then, on Wednesday, Mr. STEPHENS, chairman of the House Committee on Territories, reported bills to establish Territorial Governments for Ari- zona, Dacotah, and Jefferson. These bills were laid upon the table by an overwhelming majority, because the sense of the House demanded a guarantee for the preser- vation of the rights of their citizens, which was refused. Mr. HASKIN, of New York, ever on the alert, proposed, when the Arizona bill was under consideration, that when the population was sufficient to entitle the Territory to a member of Con- gress, the Legislature should provide for the election of delegates to form a Constitution, which should be submitted to the people for ratification, and that this provision should constitute a rule of action for all the other Territories. It appears, however, that this amendment was not acted upon, and the cor- respondent of the New York HeraId declares that the subsequent action of the House, lay- ing the three Territorial bills on the table, would have been avoided, if Mr. STE- PHENS had permitted its adoption. Thus it will be seen that the controversy of last winter is, in a modified form, renewed, and that the guarantee to the people of the Territories of the right to form their State Constitutions in strict accordance with the will of the majority of their residents has been denied them. There is so much justice and reason in the provisions of Mr. HASKIN'S amendment, and the neces- sity for it has been so clearly shown by the events of the past eighteen months, that those who persist in opposing it place them- selves in a most unenviable attitude before the country. The creation of the three contemplated Ter- ritorial Governments would have conferred upon the President a large additional amount of patronage, which it is said has already, in anticipation of the passage of the bills of Mr. STEPHENS, been parcelled out among his fa- vorites. If this addition is to be made to his power, it should at least be accompanied by the boon to the people of protection from fu- ture Lecompton swindles. But there was also a proposition to reach this view of the case. Mr. KELLOGG, of Illinois, moved an amend- ment to the Arizona bill, providing that when there were ten thousand actual residents in that Territory, the Legislature should provide by law for the election of a governor, secretary of State, marshal, and judges, to be commissioned by the President. The marshal and judges, being properly Federal officers, whose duties correspond with those of the Federal mar- shals and judges in the several States, should always, we think, be appointed by the Presi- dent. But it is a question worth considering whether governors and secretaries of State should not be elected by the people of the Territories. Some time since a bill to this effect was introduced into the House by Mr. MORRIS, of Illinois; and while the proposi- tion may be at this time premature, and, per- haps, liable to some serious objections, we shall not be at all astonished if, when a full examination of it is made, and the subject is discussed in all its bearings, the American people should finally decide in its favor. ----- new page (VMSS792_S3_SS14_B17A_F17_I4_p001.jpg) ?BY MIDNIGHT MAIL. Letter from Washington. [Correspondence of The Press.] WASHINGTON, Feb. 17,1859. Two leading items, which have swelled the bud- get of Secretary Cobb to its enormous size, are the Utah and Paraguayan wars; but the actual cost of these expeditions is so adroitly intermingled with the general expenditures of the army and navy, that it is difficult to exactly ascertain it. The national expenditures during the last year, exclusive of payments on account of the public debt, amounted to $81,585,667, about quadruple their amount twenty years ago. If it be possible, as the opponents of a revision of the tariff contend, to reduce these expenditures to $50,000,000, those who have guided the affairs of the Government for the last two years have a grievous sin of ex- travagance to answer for; for there are no good reasons why the expenses of next year should be thirty millions less than those of last year, unless corruption, lavish expenditure, and reckless squan- dering of the public money, unprecedented in the annals of history, have heretofore prevailed. The anti-tariff economists are either trying to do en- tirely too much now, or they have been doing entirely too little heretofore. When we con- sider the relation between our past expendi- tures and their present programme of appropria- tions, in connection with the heavy debt already piled up, and the expensive project for the purchase of Cuba, which is being steadily pressed, the clamor against a revision of the tariff at this time must strike every intelligent man as the most arrant demagoguism. It is worthy only of a State legislator who fears to add half a mill to a State tax, when he knows that the credit and honor of his Commonwealth imperatively demand the imposition of such a tax, because he is afraid that the indignation of the tax payers of his dis- trict will prevent his return to a seat which he dishonors by his cowardice. Buncombe is the great curse of American legislation; and bun- combe has more to do with the stubbornness with which a change of the tariff is resisted than any other cause, for the simple reason that members who have free-trade constituencies fear that their chances of re-election might be imperilled if they did justice to the financial interests of the nation. It is said that the Mormon war has already cost the Government more than $10,000,000; and if an army of two or three thousand men is to be kept there for an indefinite period of time, a similar drain upon the national resources will be con- tinued. The American people are eminently practical in their views, and some of these days will begin to inquire whether it is desirable to incur so much trouble and expense to attain re- sults of comparatively small importance. The great difficulty in Utah appears to be between the judges and the people. So far as recent advices inform us, peace reigns there. Governor Cum- ming possesses the confidence of the people, and to a great extent commands their obedience and respect. In the courts, District Attorney Wilson seems to move along as successfully as the gene- rality of district attorneys. From the very nature of the legal system of Utah, as of all other Ame- rican communities, the juries are made up of men chosen from the body of the people, and represent, inevitably, to some extent, the passions, feelings, and prejudices of those among whom their lot in life is cast. When Judge Sinclair, in the discharge of his official duties, chose to place upon the pardon of Mr. Buchanan an interpretation differing from the sense in which it was ordinarily accepted, and from the meaning which the peace commis- sioners and Governor Cumming placed upon it, and when he evinced a disposition to press prose- cutions against a large number of the prominent citizens of the Territory, even against the better judgment of the district attorney, it is not very singular that a people, banded together as the Mormons are, should not only feel disposed to resist his dicta, but, in their resistance, to go beyond the bounds of legal propriety. That they are not wholly disposed to ignore the action of the courts is shown by the fact, that when Ferguson was indicted for al- leged indignities upon Judge Stiles, the grand jury, composed of a majority of Mormons, found a true bill, but after a trial of three weeks’ duration, during which he displayed considerable ingenuity in his defence, which he (being a lawyer) conducted in person, he managed to secure an acquittal. In the subsequent case of a man indicted for the murder of a deaf mute, the Mormons allege that there were extenuating circumstances; and their version is that the deceased was killed while in custody for a criminal offence, at a time when the officer in charge of him was compelled, in self-de- fence, to destroy him. It is, no doubt, vain to pretend that, according to the strict rules of law, under the circumstances, as we understand them, that a Mormon grand jury was justifiable in ignoring a bill of indictment in this case; but the point which I wish to present to your readers is this: that juries, everywhere through- out the country, are notoriously influenced in their deliberations by the sentiments and peculiar ideas of the communities in which they live; and se- rious as that evil is—subversive as it is of the true ends of justice—does it impose upon the National Government the duty of correcting it by having martial law declared in Utah—by having men tried by drum-head courts—by giving judges ab- solute power of life or death, and unlimited con- trol of property, or by squandering away $10,000,- 000 in vain attempts to establish Mormon jurispru- dence on a basis which exactly squares with the ideas of clear-headed lawyers? If the National Government is to undertake to compel juries and grand juries to act in all important cases as the judges think they should act, it will have its hands full, and it can squander away hundreds of mil- lions annually ; and after it has done so, discover that infinitely more harm than good has been ac- complished. You will see by the proceedings of the House to-day, that Mr. John Cassin, of your city, has appeared before the House, and declared his readi- ness to testify to the investigating committee. He stated that his appearance here was delayed by the sickness of a relative, and his statement appeared to be entirely satisfactory to the House. There is a little hope left for the revision of the tariff at this session; but as the measure has to run the gauntlet, between professed tariff men on the one hand, who really prefer to keep the issue open for future political operations, and free traders on the other, who wish to endear them- [line obscured by fold in paper] the prospects of favorable tariff legislation are by means as brilliant as I should like to see them. PIONEER. ----- new page (VMSS792_S3_SS14_B17A_F17_I5_p001.jpg) THE PRE[--] BY MIDNIGHT MAIL. Letter from Washington. [Correspondence of The Press.] WASHINGTON, Feb, 16, 1859. It is supposed that Mr. Sherman’s Naval Inves tigating Committee will be able to report some day this week—perhaps on Friday. Great inte- rest is felt in its proceedings, as it is believed that many important developments have been made. It is rumored that evidence has been given in regard to a contract for coal, which will damage considerably the reputation of our minister to Austria, and that there will be such a statement made of the conduct of the Navy Department in reference to the allotment of contracts and the management of the navy yards, as will astonish and disgust the American people. One of the greatest evils of the times is the prevailing cor- ruption which clings to a large portion of the business transactions of the Government. The speculators of the day regard Uncle Sam as fair game, and resort to tricks, subterfuges, and ("not to put too fine a point on it") deeds of downright rascality of the most disgraceful character. If the diminished revenues of the Treasury had the effect of driving off these carrion, one good result at least would be attained; but under the existing system of contracting loans, extravagance and corruption have been more extensively practised than ever before; and while plenty of a petty spirit of economy and retrenchment has been dis- played, no serious effort has been made to cut off the really expensive items of appropriation. If the present clamors for retrenchment answer the purpose of staving off a revision of the tariff, there is little ground for the hope that the public expenditures will be seriously re- duced. There is no time now for a systematic and thorough revision of the national expenditures. It will be necessary to authorize new loans, and under the shelter of this credit system, leaks in the public service will continue as numerous and extensive as before, unless a complete and well- matured system of reform is inaugurated . Three of the ablest members of the House from the South—Messrs. Orr, of South Carolina, Stephens, of Georgia, and Letcher, of Virginia— will terminate their Congressional career with the present session; the two former having positively declined a re-election, and the latter being the present candidate of the Democratic party of Virginia for the Gubernatorial chair of that Com- monwealth. Their loss will be seriously felt in their section of the Union, as well as by the nation generally. They are among the most able, atten- tive, and influential members of the House, and its old habitues will be sorry to miss their well- known faces. The President seems to have been unfortunate in his appointment of Territorial judges for Utah. Instead of his policy being carried out there, it has been opposed, and had it not been for the firm- ness of District Attorney Wilson, formerly of your city, a difficulty of a serious nature would have been inevitable. Mr. Buchanan issued his peace proclamation, sent out his peace commissioners, and assured the Mormons that if they would sub- mit to the laws all past offences should be pardon- ed. But Judge Sinclair takes a view of the mat- ter different from that of the President, and Peace Commissioners Powell and McCulloch. He de- clares this pardon inoperative and of no effect, un- less the parties to whom it was extended accept it judicially from him. Of course, this was not Mr. Buchanan’s idea when he issued the proclama- tion; neither was it contained in his instruc- tions to Judge Sinclair. From the accounts that have reached this city from that Territory, it ap- pears that there is a party there who are not suited with the peace arrangement of the Presi- dent, and who are disposed to raise a new issue with the Mormons. The continuance of a war would be a paying operation; it would line the pockets of contractors, sutlers, and the legion of army hangers-on, and it would give notoriety and eclat to the administration of the judges who would beard the lion in his den. It is alleged that Judge Eckles, before leaving Utah, was identified with this party, and that he managed to get Judge Sinclair, in whose district most of the cases were to be tried, committed to the same policy. The latter has not been idle, for he has evidently treated the President, his in- structions, and his pardon very cavalierly. The Mormons have trusted to their numbers on the different juries to defeat the court. It is now said to be Judge Sinclair’s intention to resign, which, if true, throws the responsibility on the President, of either permitting him to resign under the pretence of not being able to enforce the laws, or of accepting the unenviable alterna- tive of supporting him when he knows he has treated his pardon with contempt. PIONEER. ----- new page (VMSS792_S3_SS14_B17A_F1_I2_p001.jpg) 6 NEW- AN OVERLAND JOURNEY. XXVII. CARSON VALLEY—THE SIERRA NEVADA. PLACERVILLE, Cal., Aug. 1, 1859. Though the Carson sinks in or is absorbed by the same desert with the Humboldt, a glance at its worst estate suffices to convince the traveler that the former waters by far the more hopeful region. Large Cottonwoods dot its banks very near its mouth, and its valley, wherever moist, is easily rendered productive. You feel that you are once more in a land where the arm of Industry need not be paralyzed by sterility, obstruction, and despair. Still, the prevalence of drouth is here a fearful fact. No rain in Summer—that is, none that can be calculated on, none that amounts to anything— might well appall the cultivator accustomed to warm, refreshing showers throughout the growing season. We crossed, on our rapid ride up the Car- son, a single high plain twenty-six miles long and from six to twelve wide, which drouth alone dooms to Sagebrush, sterility, and worthlessness. Two or three other plains or high intervales further up are nearly as scorched and barren. All these may be rendered most productive by irrigation, and here is the water at hand. If the new Gold Mines in this valley shall ultimately justify their present promise, a very large demand for Vegetable Food will speedily spring up here, which can only be satisfied by domestic production. The vast deserts eastward cannot meet it, the arable region about Salt Lake is at once too restricted and too distant; inland California is a dear country, and the trans- portation of bulky staples over the Sierra a costly operation. The time will ultimately come—it may or may not be in our day—when two or three great dams over the Carson will render the irrigation of these broad, arid plains on its banks perfectly feasible; and then this will be one of the most pro- ductive regions on earth. The vegetable food of One Million People can easily be grown here, while their cattle may be reared and fed in the mountain- vales north and south of this valley. And when the best works shall have been constructed, and all the lights of science and experience brought to hear on the subject, it will be found that nearly everything that contributes to human or brute sus- tenance can be grown actually cheaper by the aid of irrigation than without it. As yet, we know little or nothing of the application of water to land and crops, and our ignorance causes deplorable waste and blundering. Every year henceforth will make us wiser on this head. Twenty miles or so below Genoa, we passed "Johntown" a Chinese settlement, whose people find employment in the recently discovered Gold Mines. These mines are some eight miles northward of "Gold Cañon," and are reported immensely rich. Silver and Copper are blended with Gold in the same vein-stone. A few are making money very fast here, but these few control all the available water, and it seems impossible to introduce more. If a supply can be obtained at all, it must be at enormous cost. I have vaguely heard of a patented process or processes for separating Gold from other minerals or earths without the use of water; if there be any such process, which is not a humbug, I urge the owner of the patent to haste to Carson Valley and there make his fortune. I assure him of an enthusiastic welcome. "Carson City," just above Johntown, though it has few houses as yet, aspires to be the em- porium of the new Gold Region, and perhaps of the embryo State of Nevada; but Genoa, ten or fifteen miles further up, is the present emporium, though a village of but forty or fifty houses. Here a Convention had been in session for a fortnight and had completed a Constitution for the aforesaid embryo State of Nevada only the night before our arrival. We met some of the delegates bound homeward. Said State is to comprise the western half (very nearly) of Utah, with (I believe) a small strip of eastern California. California may object to this; but I trust progress will organize at least the Territory of Nevada at an early day. It is an established fact that a division of power between Mormons and Gentiles seldom works harmoniously; but in Utah there is no division— the Mormons have all. The people of Carson Val- ley, and of Western Utah generally, are not Mor- mons; the Legislation of Utah is unsuited and un- acceptable to them; they desire to be set off, and I trust they soon may be. Though few in numbers as yet, they are rapidly increasing, and will soon possess all the elements of a State. I had previously seen some beautiful valleys, but I place none of these ahead of Carson. I judge that portion of it already in good part under culti- vation about thirty miles long by ten to fifteen wide—an area destined to be largely increased, as I have already indicated. This valley, originally a grand meadow, the home of the deer and the ante- lope, is nearly inclosed by high mountains, down which, especially from the north and west, come innumerable rivulets, leaping and dancing on their way to form or join the Carson. Easily arrested and controlled, because of the extreme shallow- ness of their beds, these streams have been made to irrigare a large portion of the upper valley, pro- ducing an abundance of the sweetest Grass and insuring bounteous harvests also of Vegetables, Barley, Oats, &c. Wheat seems to do fairly here; Corn not so well; in fact, the nights are too cold for it if the water were not. For this spring water, leaping suddenly down from its mountain sources, is too cold, too pure, to be well adapted to irrigation; could it be held back even a week, and exposed in shallow ponds or basins to the hot sun- shine, it would be vastly more useful. When the whole river shall have been made available, twenty to forty miles below, it will prove far more nutritious and fertilizing. Genoa stands on the narrow bench or slope of hard granitic gravel which intervenes betwixt the mountains and the valley, with half a dozen rivulets running through it to fructify the fields and gar- dens below. Just behind it is the steep ascent of the mountain, its very soil formed of white, pulverized granite, gloriously covered with fragrant and grace- ful pines. As these steep acclivities are absolutely worthless for any other end than tree growing, I entreat the people of Genoa to take care of these woods, and not let their place be shorn of half its beauty merely to save a mile or so in the hauling of fuel. I may never see this lovely valley again—it is hardly probable that I ever shall—but its beauty, its seclusion, its quiet, the brightness of its abund- ant rivulets, the grandeur of its inclosing mount- ains, the grace and emerald verdure of their vest- ure of pines, have graven themselves on my memory with a vividness and force which only he who has passed weary weeks on some great, shadeless, verdureless desert can fully realize. —We stopped but to dine in Genoa, then econo- mized the residue of the daylight by pressing on 15 miles to the point at which the California road enters the mountains by the side of the largest of the brooks which unite to form the Carson. Here we halted at a fair two-story house, the first one I had entered with a hope of resting in it since I left Salt Lake City. We had beds here—actual beds, and good ones—our first since Camp Floyd. Though our night was not a long one, for we were to start again by 4 A. M., I reckon good use was made of it by the four through passengers, who had not lain down before since they left Shell Creek, five days ago, and nearly 500 miles away. My own slumber was partial and broken, as it is generally is; but the bath which preceded and pre- pared for it was a genuine refreshment, and the sleep seemed quite sufficient. In fact, I felt that I could have gone without for another week, and felt less inconvenience than I did the first night we rode and the day after. We were in motion again at the earliest dawn, for we had still about 75 miles of rugged mountain road to traverse before reaching this place. The Carson side of the road is not yet half made, while the half next to this place is in the main good. But in fact, the expense of a good highway up the eastern slope of the Sierra must be a heavy one. For that slope is composed of granite—simple, naked rock– with scarcely a fraction of its surface thinly cov- ered by soil. Of course, no trees but evergreens can live—a very few small Quaking Asps in the bottoms of the ravines scarcely form an excep- tion—while almost every rood is covered by giant, glorious Pines. I saw Sugar and Yellow Pines at least eight feet in diameter and tall in proportion; I am assured that one was recently cut near this road which measured eight feet across at a hight of eighty feet from the ground, and from which two hundred and forty thousand shingles were made. Beside these universal Pines, there are giant Ce– dars, Balsam Firs, and some Redwood; after we cross the summit, we found also Oaks, which gradually increased in size and number as we descended. I think I saw Oaks (the preva- lent California species is much like our White Oak) at least four feet through—in short, I never saw anything like so much nor so good timber in the course of any seventy-five miles' travel as I saw in crossing the Sierra Nevada. How greatly blest California is in this abundance, I need not say. —The road over this pass—by far the lowest and most practicable of any over the Sierra Nevada— rises steadily for twelve or thirteen miles from our morning's starting-point, then descends for two or three miles as abruptly to the valley of a brook which runs north into Lake Bigler, which in turn finds an outlet into Truckee River, whereby its waters are borne eastward into the desert and there dissipated. There is fine grass on Lake Bigler, and several hundred cows are kept there in Summer, making butter for the California market. When snow falls, these cattle are driven down to the valley of the Sacramento, where the rains are now commencing, and they here live without hay till June, when they are taken back to the moun- tains again, where only is butter made from them. The business is very lucrative, the land costing nothing and being unfenced. Taking into account gold, timber, and grass, the Sierra Nevada is probably the richest and most productive mountain- chain on earth. —From the valley aforesaid, we rose again for two miles, along a narrow road cut into the side of a mountain, with a precipitous descent on the right. Then we began to descend once more, be- side a rivulet which leaped and laughed on its way to the Pacific. The ascent from the Carson side is far shorter than the descent this way, Carson Val- ley being much higher than that of the Sacramento. But the road, even on this side, is, for most of the way, eaten into the side of a steep mountain, with a precipice of from five to fifteen hundred feet on one side and as steep an eminence on the other. Yet along this mere shelf, with hardly a place to each mile where two meeting wagons can pass, the mail- stage was driven at the rate of ten miles an hour (in one instance eleven), or just as fast as four wild California horses, whom two men could scarcely harness, could draw it. Our driver was of course skillful; but had he met a wagon suddenly on rounding one of the sharp points or projections we were constantly passing, a fearful crash was un- avoidable. Had his horses seen fit to run away (as they did run once, on the unhooking of a trace, but at a place where he had room to rein them out of the road on the upper side, and thus stop them) I know that he could not have held them, and we might have pitched headlong down a precipice of a thousand feet, where all of the concern that could have been picked up afterward would not have been worth two bits per bushel. Yet at this break-neck rate we were driven for not less than four hours or forty miles, changing horses every ten or fifteen, and raising a cloud of dust through which it was difficult at times to see anything. We crossed the south fork of the American River eighteen miles above this, rising two or three miles immediately after to the summit of the ridge south, and thence- forward the road, nearly to this city, descends steadily a beautifully inclined ridge, and, but for the dust, would be one of the finest drives on earth. And right glad was I to find myself once more among friends, surrounded by the comforts of civilization, and with a prospect of occasional rest. I cannot conscientiously recommend the route I have traveled to Summer tourists in quest of pleasure, but it is a balm for many bruises to know that I am at last in CALIFORNIA. H. C. ----- new page (VMSS792_S3_SS14_B17A_F1_I3_p001.jpg) ?THE NEW YORK SUN. THURSDAY MORNING, SEPT 8, 1859. The Mormons. It has been rumored from [---]ington, that the result of the Utah e. [---] has not been satisfactory to the Administration, and that the President is considering the adoption of a new policy. What he designs has not yet been divulged, but it is supposed that he may recom- mend to Congress a change of the territoral lines, so as to abolish entirely the Territory of Utah. At the same time, rumors come to us that the Mormons have become convinced that they can- not carry out their system of isolation and po- litical ambition within the territory of the Uni- ted States, and their leaders are again consider- ing the question of a wholesale emigration. In- deed, it is said that they have fixed upon Papua, New Guinea, as their future residence, and are collecting ships to transport them thither. Papua is an extensive island of the Eastern Archipelago, separated from Australia by Torres Straits. It has been but little explored by Eu- ropeans. The inhabitants, who are supposed to number 200.000, are partly Malay and partly negro. Its area is estimated at 200.000 square miles. Its surface is of a very varied character, a lofty mountain range, containing some re- markable elevations, extending through its whole length. The valleys and level land are believed to be very productive, and timber of large size abounds. It is also said that gold has been found by the natives. ----- new page (VMSS792_S3_SS14_B17A_F1_I4_p001.jpg) NEW-YORK. DAILY TRIBUNE, AN OVERLAND JOURNEY. XXIV. THE ARMY IN UTAH. CAMP FLOYD, Utah, July 21,1859. Camp Floyd, 40 miles south of Salt Lake City, is located on the west side of a dry valley, perhaps ten miles wide by thirty miles long, separated by high hills from Lake Utah, some fifteen to twenty miles distant on the north-east. This valley would be fertile were it not doomed to sterility by drouth. A small stream takes its rise in copious springs at the foot of the western hills just north of the camp, but is soon drank up by the thirsty plain. Water in this stream, and wood (low cedar) on the adja– cent hills, probably dictated the selection of this site for a camp, though I believe a desire if not a secret compact to locate the troops as far as possi ble from the Mormon settlements, had an influence in the premises. No Mormons live in this valley or within sight of it; though all the roads leading from Salt Lake City, as well as from Provo, and the other settlements around Lake Utah, are within a day’s march and may be said to be commanded by the camp. The soil is easily pulverized when dry, and keeps the entire area enveloped during Summer in a dense cloud of dust, visible for miles in every direction. I saw it when eight miles away as I came down from Salt Lake City yesterday. The Camp is formed of low and neat adobe houses, generally small. I presume there are three or four hundred of them—enough, at all events, to make three or four Kansas cities. “ Frogtown” is a satellite, or suburb, whence grog and other luxuries (including execrable whisky at about $10 per gallon) are dispensed to thirsty soldiers who have not already drank up more than their pay amounts to. The valley is covered with Sagebush and Greasewood, as usual; but the Camp has been freed from these, and is mainly level as a house- floor. The adobes were made on the spot by Mex- icans, the boards for roofs, finishing off, &c., sup- plied by Brigham Young and his son-in law, from the only cañon opening into Salt Lake Valley which abounds in timber (Yellow Pine, I believe,) fit for sawing. The Territorial Legislature—(which is another name for “the Church”)—granted this cañon to Brigham, who runs three saw mills there- in at a clear profit of $100 or so per day. His profit on the lumber supplied to the Camp was proba- bly over $50,000. The price was $70 per thou- sand feet. President Young assured me, with evi- dent self-complacency, that he did not need and would not accept a dollar of salary from “the Church”—he considered himself able to make all the money he needed by business, as he had made the $250,000 worth of property he already pos- sesses. With a Legislature ever ready to grant him such perquisites as this lumber cañon—(and I believe the best Wood cañon leading into Salt Lake Valley is held by him under a similar free grant)—I should think he might. The total cost of this post to the Government was about $200,000. The Army in Utah has numbered 3,500 men— I believe its present strength is but about 3,000. It is mainly concentrated in this camp, though some small detachments are engaged in surveying or opening roads, guarding herds, &c., in different parts of the Territory. I believe this is still the largest regular force ever concentrated upon the soil of our country in time of peace. It consists of the 5th, 7th and 10th regiments of Infantry, a bat- talion of Light Artillery, and two or three companies of Dragoons. I met. between Bridger and Ham’s Fork, a considerable force of Dragoons going down. Let us briefly consider the history and position of this little Army. In the former half of 1857, it was concentrated in Kansas; late in that year, the several regiments composing it were put in march toward the Rocky Mountains. The Mormons full soon learned that it was to be launched against them, and at once prepared to give it a warm reception; the Army had no information on the subject, save general report. Detained in Kansas to give effect to Gov. Walker’s electioneering quackeries, it was at length sent on its way at a season too late to allow it to reach Salt Lake before Winter. No com- mander was sent with it; Gen. Harney was an- nounced as its chief, but has not even yet joined it. It was thus dispatched on a long and difficult ex- pedition, in detachments, without a chief, without orders, without any clear idea of its object or des- tination. Entering Utah thus as no Army, but as a number of separate, straggling detachments, neither of which was ordered to protect the Supply Trains which followed one or two marches behind them, they had the mortification to learn, about the 1st of October, that those Supply Trains, without even an armed corporal’s guard in their vicinity, had been surprised and burnt by a Mormon band, who thus in effect made war on the United States. Indignantly, but still without a leader and without definite orders, the Army struggled on to Bridger, 113 miles from Salt Lake, which the Mormons abandoned on its approach. Bridger is many thousand feet above the sea level, and the ground was here so buried in snow that its gaunt animals died by hundreds, and the residue were unable to drag the baggage over the rivers and steep moun- tains which still separated it from Salt Lake. So the regiments halted, built huts to shelter them- selves from the Winter’s inclemency, and lived through the snowy season as they might on a half allowance of their lean, gristly animals, without salt. Spring at length came; the day, long hoped and impatiently waited for, when they could advance, arrived; they had been promised a warm reception in the narrow defiles of Echo Cañon by Lieut. Gen. Wells and his Mormon host, and they eagerly courted that reception. If Gen. Wells were able, as he boasted, to send them to the right about, they would have nothing to do but to go. They had grown rusty from inaction, and stood ready to be polished, even by so rough an implement as Gen. Wells. But news came that the whole affair had been somehow arranged—that Col. Kane, Brigham Young, and Gov. Cumming had fixed matters so that there would be no fighting—not even further train-burning. Yet the Mormons fled from Salt Lake City in anticipation of their entering it; they were required by the civil power to encamp as far from the Mormon settlements as possible; and they have ever since been treated by the Federal Execu- tive as though they had come here on their own motion, in defiance of rather than in obedience to that Executive’s own orders. Whether truly or falsely, this Army, probably without an individual exception, undoubtingly be- lieves the Mormons as a body to be traitors to the Union and its Government, inflexibly intent on establishing here a power which shall be at first independent of and ultimately dominant over that of the United States. They believe that the osten- tations, defiant refusal of Brigham Young, in 1857, to surrender the Territorial Governorship, and his [next column] declaration that he would hold that post until God Almighty should tell him to give it up, were but the natural development of a polity which looks to the subjugation of all earthly kingdoms, states, empires, sovereignties, to a rule nominally theo- cratic, but practically autocratic, with Brigham Young or his designated successor as despot. They hold that the instinct of self-preservation, the spirit of that requirement of the Federal Constitu- tion which enjoins that each State shall be guaran- teed a republican form of Government, cry out against such a despotism, and demand its over- throw. The Army undoubtingly and universally believes that Mormonism is, at least on the part of the mas- ter spirits of “ the Church,” an organized, secret, treasonable conspiracy to extend the power, in- crease the wealth, and gratify the lecherous appe- tites of those leaders, who are using the forms and terms of religion to mask and shield systematic adultery, perjury, counterfeiting, robbery, treason, and even murder. It points to the wholesale mas- sacre at Mountain Meadows, the murder of the Parrishes, and a hundred more such, as instances of Mormon assassination for the good of the Church, the chastisement of its enemies, or the aggrandize- ment of its leading members—to the impossibility of bringing the perpetrators of these crimes to justice, to the Territorial laws of Utah which em- power Mormon functionaries to select the Grand and Petit Jurors even for the United States Courts, and impose qualifications which in effect secure the exclusion of all but Mormons from the Jury-box, and to the uniform refusal of those jurors to indict or convict those who have committed crimes in the interest of Mormonism, as proof positive that all attempts to punish Mormon criminals by Mor- mon jurors and officers must ever prove abortive, and demands of the Federal Government that it shall devise and put in execution some remedy for this unbearable impunity to crime. It is uniformly believed in camp that not less than seventy-five distinct instances of murder by Mormons because of apostacy, or some other form of hostility to “the Church,” or mainly for the sake of plunder, are known to the authorities here, and that there is no shadow of hope that one of the perpetrators will ever be brought to justice under the sway of Mormon “Popular Sovereignty” as now estab- lished in this Territory. The Army, therefore, turns an anxious eye to Washington, and strains its ear to hear what remedy is to be applied. Manifestly, the recent responses from that quar- ter are not calculated to allay this anxiety. The official rebuke recently and publicly given to the Fed- eral Judges here, for employing detachments of troops to arrest and hold securely Mormons accused of capital crime, elicits low mutterings of dissatis- faction from some, with a grave silence on the part of many whom discipline restrains from speaking. As the recent orders from Washington are under- stood here, no employment of Federal troops to ar- rest or secure persons charged with or even con- victed of crime is allowed, except where the civil power (intensely Mormon) shall have certified that the execution of process is resisted by a force which it cannot overcome by means of a civil posse. How opposite this is to the orders given and obeyed in the Fugitive Slave cases at Boston, &c., need hardly be indicated. Very general, then, is the inquiry in the Army, Why were we sent here? and why are we kept here? What good can our remaining do ? What mischief can it prevent? A fettered, suspected, watched, distrusted Army—an Army which must do nothing—must not even be asked to do anything in any probable contingency—what purpose does it subserve beyond enriching the contractors and the Mormon magnates at its own cost and that of the Federal Treasury? Every article eaten, drank, worn, or in any manner bought by the soldiers, costs three to ten times its value in the States; part of this extra cost falls on the Treasury, the residue on the troops individually. Their position here is an irksome one; their comforts few; home, family, friends are far away. If the policy now pursued is to prevail, they cannot be needed in this Territory. Why, then, are they kept here? Brigham Young will contract, and make money by contracting, to put down all resistance to this policy at one-tenth the cost of keeping the Army here: why, then, not withdraw it? I have not so bad an opinion of the Mormons as that entertained by the Army; while I consider the Mormon religion, so called, a delusion and a blight, I believe many of its devoted adherents, including most of those I have met, to be pure-minded, well- meaning people; I do not believe that Mormons generally delight in plunder or murder, though the testimony in the Mountain Meadows, Parrish, and one or two other cases, is certainly staggering. But I concur entirely in the conviction of the Army that there is no use in its retention here under ex- isting orders and circumstances, and that three or four companies of dragroons would answer every purpose of this large and costly concentration of troops. The Army would cost less almost any- where else, and could not anywhere be less useful. A suspicion that it is kept here to answer pri- vate pecuniary ends is widely entertained here. It is known that vast sums have been made out of its transportation by favored contractors. Take a sin- gle instance already quite notorious: Twenty-two cents per pound is paid for the transportation of all provisions, munitions, &c., from Leavenworth to this point. The great contractors were allowed this for transporting this year’s supply of Flour. By a little dexterous management at Washington, they were next allowed to furnish the Flour here, being paid their twenty-two cents per pound for transportation, in addition to the prime cost on the Missouri. As Utah has a better soil for growing Wheat than almost anything else, they had no diffi- culty in sub-letting this contract at seven cents per pound net, making a clear profit of $170,000 on the contract, without risking a dollar or lifting a finger. Of course, I expect contractors to bargain for them- selves, not for the Government; but somebody is well paid for taking care of the public’s interest in such matters: Has he done his duty ? Again: Pursuant to a recent order from Wash- ington, the Assistant Quartermaster-General here is now selling by auction some Two Thousand Mules—about two-thirds of all the Government owns in this Territory. These mules cost $175 each, and are worth to-day $125 to $150. I at- tended the sale for an hour or so this forenoon; the range of prices was from $60 to $115; the average of the 700 already sold about $75. Had these mules been taken to California and there properly advertised and sold, they would have brought nearly cost; even at Leavenworth they must have sold for at least $100,000 more than here, where there is practically no demand and no competition for such an immense herd; and, after every Mor- mon who can raise a hundred dollars or over shall ——— *Judge Cradlehaugh asserts that on the list of jurors recently imposed on him for the investigation at Provo of the Parrish and other murders, he knows there were not than nine leading participants in those murders. have supplied himself with a span of mules for half their value, one or two speculators will make as much as they please, while the dead Ioss to the People will be at least $200,000. Nobody here has recommended the sale of these mules; they were being herded, under the care of detachments of the Army, at no cost but for herdsmen, and they could have been kept through next Winter in secluded mountain, valleys at a cost of about $10 per head; whereas, the Army can never move without purchasing an equal number; and they can neither be bought here nor brought here for $200,000 more than these animals are now fetching. Somebody's interest is subserved by this sale, but it is certainly not that of the Army nor of the People. The order is to sell seven hundred wag- ons as well, but these would not bring $30 each, while they cost at least $130, and could not be re placed when wanted even for that, while the Army cannot move without them, and keeping them costs absolutely nothing. Who issues such orders as this, and for whose benefit? Look at another feature of this transaction: There is at this moment a large amount due to offi- cers and soldiers of this Army as pay, in sums of $40 to $500 each. Many of those to whom this money is due would very much like to take mules in part payment, either to use while here, to sell again, or to bear them and their baggage to Cali- fornia, or back to the Missouri on the approaching expiration of their terms of enlistment. In many instances, two soldiers would doubtless club to buy a mule on which to pack their blankets, &c., when- ever their time is out. Hundreds of mules would thus have been bought, and the proceeds of the sale considerably augmented, if the Government, by its functionaries, had consented to receive its own honest debts in payment. But no! on some ridiculous pretense of ill-blood between the Pay and the Subsistence bureaux of the War Depart- ment, this is refused—it would be too much trouble to take certificates of soldiers’ pay actually due in payment for these mules; so the officers and sol- diers must purchase of speculators at double price or go without, and the mules be sold for far less than they would have brought if those who must have them had been enabled to bid directly for them. Two or three speculators reap a harvest here at the sore cost of the soldiers and the Treasury. But it will be said that Forage is dear in Utah. It would suffice to answer that idle mules obtain, save in Winter, only growing on the Public Lands, which may as well be eaten in part by Government mules as all by those of the Mormon squatters. But let us see how it costs so much. There has recently been received here thirty thousand bushels of corn from the States at a net cost, including transpor- tation, of $340,000, or over $11 per bushel. No re- quisition was ever made for this Corn, which could have been bought here, delivered, for $2 per bushel, or $60,000 in all. The dead loss to the Treasury on this Corn is $280,000, even supposing that the service required it at all. Somebody makes a good thing of wagoning this Corn from the Mis- souri at over $10 per bushel: Who believes that said somebody has not influential and thrifty con- nections inside of the War Department? I will not pursue this exposition: Congress may. —Let me now give a sample of Retrenchment in the public service in this quarter: The mail from Missouri to Salt Lake has hitherto been carried weekly in good six-mule wagons ; the contract time being twenty-two days. The im- portance of frequent and regular communication with head-quarters, at least so long as a large Army is retained here at a heavy extra cost, and because of some presumed public necessity, is evident. Yet the new Postmaster-General has cut down the Mail Service on this important central route from weekly to semi-monthly. But the contractors, who are obliged to run their stages weekly because of their passenger business, and because they have to keep their stock and pay their men whether they work or play, find that they cannot carry the Mail every other week so cheaply as they can every week. For instance: A mail from the States now often consists of twelve to sixteen heavy sacks (most of them filled with franked documents), weighing as many hundred pounds. Double this, and no six-mule team would draw it at the requisite pace, and no baggage wagon stand the jerks and jolts of an unmade road. So they say, “Please let “ us carry the Mail weekly, though you only pay us “ for carrying it semi-monthly.” But no! this is strictly forbidden! The Postmaster at Salt Lake has express written orders to refuse it, and of course he at St. Joseph also. And thus all this central region, embracing at least a dozen import- ant Military posts and countless Indian Agencies, is reduced to semi-monthly mail service, though the contractor would gladly make it weekly at the same price ! H. G. ----- new page (VMSS792_S3_SS14_B17A_F1_I5_p001.jpg) 6 NEW-YORK. DAILY TRIBUNE, S AN OVERLAND JOURNEY. XXIII.* SALT LAKE AND ITS ENVIRONS. SALT LAKE CITY, July 18,1859 A party of us visited the Lake on Saturday. It is not visible from this city, though it must be from the mountains which rise directly north of it, and more remotely on all sides; but Antelope, Stansbury, and perhaps other islands in the Lake, being mainly covered by high, rugged hills or mountains, are in plain sight from every part of the Valley. The best of these islands is possessed by “the Church” (Mormon) as a herd-ground or ranche for its numer- ous cattle, and is probably the best tract for that purpose in the whole Territory. That portion of the Lake between it and the Valley is so shallow that cattle may at most seasons be safely driven over to the island, while it is so deep (between three and four feet) that none will stray back again, and it would be difficult and dangerous to steal cattle thence in the night, when that business is mainly carried on. So the Church has a large and capital pasture, and her cattle multiply and wax fat at the least possible expense. The best cañon for wood near this city is likewise owned by “the Church”—how owned I can’t pretend to say—but whoever draws wood from it must deposit every third load in the Church’s capacious yard. These are but specimens of the management whereby, though the Saints are generally poor—often quite poor, so that a Saint who has three wives can sometimes hardly afford to keep two beds—yet “the Church” has a comforta- ble allowance of treasures laid up on earth. And her leading Apostles and dignitaries also, by a curi- ous coincidence, seem to be in thriving circum- stances. It looks to me as though neither they nor the Church could afford to have the world burned up for a while yet. —Crossing, just west of the city, the Jordan (which drains the fresh waters of Lake Utah into Salt Lake, and is a large, sluggish creek), we are at once out of the reach of irrigation from the north- ern hills—the river intercepting all streams from that quarter—and are once more on a parched clay plain covered mainly with our old acquaintances, Sagebush and Greasewood; though there are wet, springy tracts, especially toward the southern mountains and near the Lake, which produce rank, coarse grass. Yet this seeming desert has natu- rally a better soil than the hard, pebbly gravel on which the city stands, and which irrigation has converted into bounteous gardens and orchards. I rejoice to perceive that a dam over the Jordan is in progress, whereby a considerable section of the valley of that river (40 miles long by an average of 20 broad) is to be irrigated. There are serious ob- stacles to the full success of this enterprise in the inequality of the plain, which is gouged and cut up by numerous (now dry) water-courses; but, if this project is well engineered, it will double the productive capacity of this valley, and I earnestly trust it may be. In the absence of judicious and systematic irrigation, there are far too many cattle and sheep on this great common, as the gaunt look of most of the cattle abundantly testifies. Water also is scarce and bad here; we tried several of the springs which are found at the bases of the south- ern mountains, and found them all brackish, while not a single stream flows from those mountains in the five or six miles that we skirted them, and I am told that they afford but one or two scanty riv- ulets through the whole extent of this valley. In the absence of irrigation, nothing is grown or at- tempted but wild grass; of the half-dozen cabins we have passed between the Jordan and Lake, not one had even the semblance of a garden or of any cultivation whatever. A shrewd woman who had lived seven years near the Lake assured me that it would do no good to attempt cultivation there; “ too much alkali” was her reason. I learn that, on the city side of the Jordan, when irrigation was first introduced and cultivation attempted, the soil, whenever allowed to become dry, was covered, for the first year or two, with some whitish alkaline substance or compound; but this was soon washed out and washed off by the water, so that no alkali now exhibits itself, and this track produces hand- somely. Let the Jordan be so dammed and its water conducted into lateral canals that its whole valley may be amply irrigated, and there are few tracts of like area that will produce more gener- ously, albeit a majority of its acres now seem as sterile and hopeless as the great American Desert. —That this Lake should be salt, is no anomaly. All large bodies of water into which streams dis- charge themselves, while they have severally no outlet, are or should be salt. If one such is fresh, that is an anomaly indeed. Lake Utah probably receives as much saline matter as Salt Lake; but she discharges it through the Jordan and remains herself fresh; while Salt Lake, having no issue save by evaporation, is probably the saltest body of water on earth. The ocean is comparatively fresh; even the Mediterranean at Leghorn is not half so salt. I am told that three barrels of this water yield a barrel of salt; that seems rather strong, yet its intense saltness, no one who has not had it in his eyes, his mouth, his nos- trils, can realize. You can no more sink in it than in a clay-bank, but a very little of it in your lungs would suffice to strangle you. You make your way in from a hot, rocky beach over a chaos of volcanic basalt that is trying to the feet; but at a depth of a yard or more you have a fine sand bot- tom, and here the bathing is delightful. The water is of a light green color for ten or twenty rods; then “ deeply, darkly, beautifully “blue.” No fish can live in it; no frog abides it; few birds are ever seen dipping into it. The rugged mountains in and about it—just such scarped and seamed and gullied precipices as I have been describing ever since I reached Denver— have a little Fir and Cottonwood or Quaking Asp in their deeper ravines or behind their taller cliffs, but look bare and desolate to the casual observer; and these cut the Lake into sections and hide most of it from view. Probably, less than a third of it is visible from any single point. But this suffices. LIFE IN UTAH. These Mormons are in the main an industrious, frugal, hard-working people. Few of them are habitual idlers; few live by professions or pursuits that require no physical exertion. They make work for but few lawyers—I know but four among them—their differences and disputes are usually settled in and by the Church; they have no female outcasts, few doctors, and pay no salaries to their preachers—at least, the leaders say so. But a small portion of them use Tea and Coffee. For- merly they drank little or no Liquor; but, since the Army came in last year, money and whisky have both been more abundant, and now they drink considerably. More than a thousand barrels * It is proper we should state that owing to some cause to us unknown Mr. Greeley’s present series of letters have not always reached us as regularly as they were written and mailed. For in- stance, this letter came to hand yesterday, when it should have been received several days since, in which case it would have been printed in its order of number and date. ED. TRIB. [next column] of whisky have been sold in this city within the last year, at an average of not less than $8 per gallon, making the total cost to consumers over $250,000, whereof the Mormons have paid at least half. If they had thrown instead $150,000 in hard cash into the deepest part of Salt Lake, it would have been far better for them. The appetite they are acquiring or renewing will cling to them after the Army and its influx of cash shall have departed; and Saints who now drink a little will find them- selves as thirsty as their Valley, before they suspect that they care anything for liquor. As yet, I be- lieve, they have few or no drunkards; but there is nothing more deceitful than the appetite for liquor. As yet, Utah has not a single export of any kind; the Army supplies her with cash; when that is gone her people will see harder times. She ought to manufacture almost everything she con- sumes, or foreign debt will overwhelm her. Yet, up to this hour, her manufacturing energies have been most unhappily directed. Some $200,000 was expended in preparations for Iron-making at a place called Ceder City; but the ore, though rich, would not flux, and the enterprise had to be to- tally abandoned, leaving the capital a dead loss. Wool and Flax can be grown here cheaply and abundantly; yet, owing to the troubles last year, no spinning and weaving machinery has yet been put in operation; I believe some is now coming up from St. Louis. An attempt to grow Cotton is likely to prove a failure, as might have been pre- dicted. The Winters are long and cold here for the latitude, and the Saints must make cloth or shiver. I trust they will soon be able to clothe themselves. Sugar is another necessary of life which they have had bad luck with. They can grow the Beet very well, but it is said to yield little or no sugar— because, it is supposed, of an excess of alkali in the soil. The Sorghum has not yet been turned to much account, but it is to be. Common Brown Sugar sells here at 60c. per lb; coffee about the same; in the newer settlements, they are of course still higher. All sorts of imported goods cost twice to six or eight times their prices in the States; even Quack Medicines (so called) and yellow-cov- ered Novels are sold at double the prices borne on their labels or covers. Consider that the people came hither over a thousand miles mainly of desert, after reaching the Missouri, which was many hun- dreds if not thousands of miles from their former homes—that they generally reached these valleys in the Fall, which afforded them excellent chances of starvation before they could raise a crop—that they have been constantly infested and begged or stolen from by the Indians whose game they killed or scared away, and who feel that they have a right to live here so long as there are cattle or crops to live on—that these valleys are lofty, nar- row, and parched by intense drouth from May to November—that implements and seeds are scarce- ly to be obtained short of a three months’ journey, and then at an enormous cost—that they have had one year of virtual and costly hostilities with the Federal Government, in which very little could be done, and improvement was out of the question— and I am amazed that so much has been well done here in the way of building, tiliing, fencing, plant- ing trees, &c. Of course this city is far ahead of any rival, being the spiritual metropolis and the earliest settled; but I am assured that the valley of Utah Lake is better cultivated than this, though Provo, its county seat, is far behind this city, which, with its broad, regular streets, refreshed by rivulets of bright, sparkling, dancing water, and shaded by rows of young but thrifty trees, mainly Locust and Bitter Cottonwood, is already more at- tractive to the eye than an average city of like size in the States. The houses (of adobe or merely sun-dried brick) are uniformly low and generally too small; but there is seldom more than one fam- ily to a dwelling, and rarely but one dwelling on a lot of an acre and a quarter. The gardens are well filled with Peach, Apple and other fruit-trees, whereof the Peach already bears profusely, and the others begin to follow the example. Apricots and Grapes are grown, though not yet abundant; so of Strawberries. Plums are in profusion, and the Mountain Currants are large, abundant and very good. Many of the lots are fenced with cobble- stones laid in clay mortar, which seems to stand very well. That of Brigham Young’s garden and grounds is nine or ten feet high, three feet thick at the base, and cost some $60 per rod. Undoubt- edly this people are steadily increasing in wealth and comfort. Still, the average life in Utah is a hard one. Many more days’ faithful labor are required to sup- port a family here than in Kansas, or any of the States. The climate is severe and capricious— now intensely hot and dry; in Winter cold and stormy; and though cattle are usually allowed to shirk for themselves in the valleys, they are apt to resent the insult by dying. Crickets and grass- hoppers, swarm in myriads, and often devour all before them. Wood is scarce and poor. Irriga- tion is laborious and expensive; as yet, it has not been found practicable to irrigate one-fourth of the arable land at all. Ultimately, the valleys will be generally irrigated; but this will require very costly dams and canals. Frost is very destructive here; Indian Corn rarely escapes it wholly, and Wheat often suffers from it. Wheat, Oats, Corn, Barley, Eye, are grown at about equal cost per hushel—$2 may be taken as their average price; Wheat is usually heavy, though this year it threat- ens to be relatively light. I estimate that one hundred and fifty days’ faithful labor in Kansas will produce as large an aggregate of the necessa- ries of life—Food, Clothing, Fuel—as three hun- dred just such days’ work in Utah. Hence, the adults here generally wear a toil-worn, anxious look, and many of them are older in frame than in years. I ardently hope it may not always be thus. POLYGAMY. I do not believe the plural-wife system can long endure; yet almost every man with whom I con- verse on the subject seems intensely, fanatically devoted to it, deeming this the choicest of his earthly blessings. With the women, I am confident it is otherwise; and I watched their faces as Elder Taylor, at a social gathering on Saturday night, was expatiating humorously on this feature of the Mormon system, to the great delight of the men; but not one responsive smile did I see on the face of a woman. On the contrary, I thought they seemed generally to wish the subject had been passed over in silence. Fanaticism, and a belief that we are God’s especial, exclusive favorites, will carry most of us a great way; but the natural instinct in every woman’s breast must teach her that to be some man’s third or fourth wife is to be no wife at all. I asked my next neighbor the name of a fair, young girl who sat some distance from us with a babe on her knee. “ That is one of Judge “Smith’s ladies,” was his quiet, matter-of-course answer. Of course, no woman spoke publicly—I believe none ever speaks in a Mormon assemblage —and I shall not ask any one her private opinion [next column] of Polygamy; but I think I can read an unfavora- ble one on many faces. Yet Polygamy is one main pillar of the Mormon Church. He who has two or more wives rarely apostatizes, as he could hardly remain here in safe- ty and comfort as an apostate and dare not take his wives elsewhere. I have heard of but a single instance in which a man with three wives renounced Mormonism and left for California, where he ex- perienced no difficulty; “for” said my informant (a woman) “he introduced his two younger wives “[girls of 19 and 14] as his daughters, and mar- “ied them both off in the course of six weeks.” I am assured by Gentiles that there is a large busi- ness done here in unmarrying as well as marrying; some of them assure me that the Church exacts a fee of $10 on the marriage of each wife after the first, but charges a still heavier fee for divorcing. I do not know that this is true, and I suspect my informants were no wiser in the premises than I am. But it certainly looks to me as though a rich dignitary in the Church has a freer and fuller range for the se- lection of his sixth or eighth wife than a poor young man of ordinary standing has for choosing his first. And I infer that the more sharpsighted young men will not always be content with this. —Since the foregoing was written, I have enjoyed opportunities for visiting Mormons, and studying Mormonism, in the homes of its votaries, and of discussing with them what the outside world regards as its distinguishing feature, in the freedom of friend- ly social intercourse. ln one instance, a veteran apostle of the faith, having first introduced to me a worthy matron of fifty-five or sixty—the wife of his youth, and the mother of his grown-up sons— as Mrs. T., soon after introduced a young and win- ning lady of perhaps twenty-five summers, in these words: “ Here is another Mrs. T.” This lady is a recent emigrant from our State, of more than aver- age powers of mind and graces of person, who came here with her brother, as a convert, a little over a year ago, and has been the sixth wife of Mr. T. since a few weeks after her arrival. (The in- termediate four wives of Elder T. live on a farm or farms some miles distant). The manner of the husband was perfectly unconstrained and off- hand throughout; but I could not well be mistaken in my conviction that both ladies failed to conceal dissatisfaction with their position in the eyes of their visitor, and of the world. They seemed to feel that it needed vindication. Their manner to- ward each other was most cordial and sisterly— sincerely so, I doubt not—but this is by no means the rule. A Gentile friend, whose duties require him to travel widely over the Territory, informs me that he has repeatedly stopped with a Bishop, some hundred miles south of this, whose two wives he has never known to address each other, or evince the slightest cordiality during the hours he has spent in their society. The Bishop’s house con- sists of two rooms; and when my informant staid there with a Gentile friend, the Bishop being ab- sent, one wife slept in the same apartment with them rather than in that occupied by her double. I presume that an extreme case, but the spirit which impels it is not unusual. I met this evening a large party of young people, consisting in nearly equal numbers of husbands and wives; but no hus- band was attended by more than one wife, and no gentleman admitted or implied, in our repeated and animated discussions of Polygamy, that he had more than one wife. And I was again struck by the circumstance that here, as heretofore, no woman indicated, by word or look, her approval of any argument in favor of Polygamy. That many women acquiesce in it as an ordinance of God, and have been drilled into a mechanical assent to the logic by which it is upheld, I believe; but that there is not a woman in Utah who does not in her heart wish that God had not ordained it, I am confident. And quite a number of the young men treat it in con- versation as a temporary or experimental arrange- ment, which is to be sustained or put aside as ex- perience shall demonstrate its utility or mischief. One old Mormon farmer, with whom I discussed the matter privately, admitted that it was impos- sible for a poor working man to have a well-ordered, well-governed household, where his children had two or more living mothers occupying the same ordinary dwelling. On the whole, I conclude that Polygamy, as it was a graft on the original stock of Mormonism, will be outlived by the root—that there will be a new revelation, ere many years, whereby the Saints will be admonished to love and cherish the wives they already have, but not to marry any more beyond the natural assignment of one wife to each husband. —I regret that I have found time and opportuni- ty to visit but one of the nineteen Common Schools of this city. This was thinly attended by chil- dren nearly all quite young, and of the most rudi- mentary attainments. Their phrenological devel- opments were, in the average, bad; I say this with freedom, since I have stated that those of the adults, as I noted them in the Tabernacle, were good. But I am told that idiotic or malformed children are very rare, if not unknown here. The male Saints emphasize the fact that a majority of the children born here are girls, holding it a proof that Providence smiles on their “peculiar institu- tion;” I, on the contrary, maintain that such is the case in all polygamous countries, and proves simply a preponderance of vigor on the part of the mothers over that of the fathers wherever this re- sult is noted. I presume that a majority of the children of old husbands by young wives in any community are girls. —But again the wheels revolve, and my face must once more be turned westward. With the most hearty and grateful acknowledgments of the exceeding kindness and hospitality with which I have been treated here alike by Mormon and Gen- tile, and with barely a word of praise for the mag- nificent gardens I have been invited to visit—of which Brigham Young’s is probably the most ex- tensive and eye-pleasing, but I like Heber Kim- ball’s the best—I bid adieu to Salt Lake City, the great mass of whose people, I am sure, have an unfeigned “zeal for God,” though I must deem it “ not according to knowledge.” Long may they live to unlearn their errors, and enjoy the rich fruits of their industry, frugality and sincere though misguided piety! H. G. ----- new page (VMSS792_S3_SS14_B17A_F1_I6_p001.jpg) 1859. 5. AN OVERLAND JOURNEY. XXI, TWO HOURS WITH BRIGHAM YOUNG. SALT LAKE CITY, Utah, July 13, 1859. My friend Dr. Bernhisel, M. C., took me this afternoon, by appointment, to meet Brigham Young, President of the Mormon Church, who had expressed a willingness to receive me at 2 P. M. We were very cordially welcomed at the door by the President, who led us into the second-story parlor of the largest of his houses (he has three), where I was introduced to Heber C. Kimball, Gen. Wells, Gen. Ferguson, Albert Carrington, Elias Smith, and several other leading men in the Church, with two full-grown sons of the President. After some unimportant conversation on general topics, I stated that I had come in quest of fuller knowledge respecting the doctrines and polity of the Mormon Church, and would like to ask some questions bearing directly on these, if there were no objec- tions. President Young avowed his willing- ness to respond to all pertinent inquiries, the con- versation proceeded substantially as follows: H G.—Am I to regard Mormonism (so-called) as a new religion, or as simply a new development of Christianity? B. Y.—We hold that there can be no true Chris- tian Church without a priesthood directly commis- sioned by and in immediate communication with the Son of God and Savior of mankind. Such a church is that of the Latter-Day Saints, called by their enemies Mormons; we know no other that even pretends to have present and direct revela- tions of God’s will. H G—Then I am to understand that you regard all other churches professing to be Christian as the Church of Rome regards all churches not in com- munion with itself—as schismatic, heretical, and out of the way of salvation? B. Y.—Yes, substantially. H. G.—Apart from this, in what respect do your doctrines differ essentially from those of our Ortho- dox Protestant Churches—the Baptist or Method- ist, for example? B. Y.—We hold the doctrines of Christianity, as revealed in the Old and New Testaments—also in the Book of Mormon, which teaches the same car- dinal truths, and those only. H. G.—Do you believe in the doctrine of the Trinity? B. Y.—We do; but not exactly as it is held by other churches. We believe in the Father, the Son, and the Holy Ghost, as equal, but not identi- cal—not as one person [being]. We believe in all the Bible teaches on this subject. H. G.—Do you believe in a personal devil—a distinct, conscious, spiritual being, whose nature and acts are essentially malignant and evil? B. Y.— We do. H. G.—Do you hold the doctrine of Eternal Pun– ishment? B. Y.—We do; though perhaps not exactly as other churches do. We believe it as the Bible teaches it. H. G.— I understand that you regard Baptism by Immersion as essential. B. Y.—We do. H. G.—Do you practice Infant Baptism? B. Y.—No. H. G.—Do you make removal to these valleys obligatory on your converts? B. Y.—They would consider themselves greatly aggrieved if they were not invited hither. We hold to such a gathering together of God’s People as the Bible foretells, and that this is the place, and now is the time appointed for its consum- mation. H. G.—The predictions to which you refer have usually, I think, been understood to indicate Jerusalem (or Judea) as the place of such gath- ering. B. Y.—Yes, for the Jews—not for others. H. G.—What is the position of your Church with respect to Slavery? B Y.—We consider it of Divine institution, and not to be abolished until the curse pronounced on Ham shall have been removed from his descendants. H. G.—Are any slaves now held in this Territory? B. Y.—There are. H. G.—Do your Territorial laws uphold Slavery? B. Y.—Those laws are printed—you can read for yourself. If slaves are brought here by those who owned them in the States, we do not favor their escape from the service of those owners. H. G.—Am I to infer that Utah, if admitted as a member of the Federal Union, will be a Slave State? B. Y.—No; she will be a Free State. Slavery here would prove useless and unprofitable. I re- gard it generally as a curse to the masters. I my- self hire many laborers and pay them fair wages; I could not afford to own them. I can do better than subject myself to an obligation to feed and clothe their families, to provide and care for them in sickness and health. Utah is not adapted to Slave Labor. H. G.—Let me now be enlightened with regard more especially to your Church polity: I understand that you require each member to pay over one- tenth of all he produces or earns to the Church. B. Y.—That is a requirement of our faith. There is no compulsion as to the payment. Each member acts in the premises according to his pleasure, under the dictates of his own conscience. H. G—What is done with the proceeds of this tithing? B. Y.—Part of it is devoted to building temples and other places of worship; part to helping the poor and needy converts on their way to this coun- try; and the largest portion to the support of the poor among the Saints. H. G.—Is none of it paid to Bishops and other dignitaries of the Church? B Y.—Not one penny. No Bishop, no Elder, no Deacon, or other church officer, receives any compensation for his official services. A Bishop is often required to put his hand in his own pocket and provide therefrom for the poor of his charge; but he never receives any thing for his services. H. G.—How, then, do your ministers live? B. Y.—By the labor of their own hands, like the first Apostles. Every Bishop, every Elder, may be daily seen at work in the field or the shop, like his neighbors; every minister of the Church has his pro- per calling by which he earns the bread of his family; he who cannot or will not do the Church’s work for nothing is not wanted in her service; even our lawyers (pointing to Gen. Ferguson and another present, who are the regular lawyers of the Church), are paid nothing for their services; I am the only person in the Church who has not a regular calling apart from the Church’s service, and I never re- ceived one farthing from her treasury; if I obtain anything from the tithing-house, I am charged with and pay for it, just as any one elso would; the clerks in the tithing-store are paid like other clerks, but no one is ever paid for any service per- taining to the ministry. We think a man who can- not make his living aside from the Ministry of ----- new page (VMSS792_S3_SS14_B17A_F1_I6_p002.jpg) 6 112-A NE Christ unsuited to that office. I am called rich, and consider myself worth $250,000; but no dollar of it was ever paid me by the Church or for any service as a minister of the Everlasting Gospel. I lost nearly all I had when we were broken up in Missouri and driven from that State; I was nearly stripped again when Joseph Smith was murdered and we were driven from Illinois; but nothing was ever made up to me by the Church, nor by any one. I believe I know how to acquire property and how to take care of it. H. G.—Can you give me any rational explana- tion of the aversion and hatred with which your people are generally regarded by those among whom they have lived and with whom they have been brought directly in contact? B. Y.—No other explanation than is afforded by the crucifixion of Christ and the kindred treatment of God’s ministers, prophets and saints in all ages. H. G.—I know that a new sect is always decried and traduced—that it is hardly ever deemed respect- able to belong to one—that the Baptists, Quakers, Methodists, Universalists, &c., have each in their turn been regarded in the infancy of their sect as the offscouring of the earth; yet I cannot remember that either of them were ever generally represented and regarded by the older sects of their early days as thieves, robbers, murderers. B. Y.—If you will consult the contemporary Jew- ish accounts of the life and acts of Jesus Christ, you will find that he and his disciples were accused of every abominable deed and purpose—robbery and murder included. Such a work is still extant, and may be found by those who seek it. H. G.—What do you say of the so called Danites, or Destroying Angels, belonging to your Church? B. Y.—What do you say? I know of no such bend, no such persons or organization. I hear of them only in the slanders of our enemies. H. G.—With regard, then, to the grave question on which your doctrines and practices are avowed- ly at war with those of the Christian world—that of a plurality of wives—is the system of your Church acceptable to the majority of its women? B. Y.—They could not be more averse to it than I was when it was first revealed to us as the Divine will. I think they generally accept it, as I do, as the will of God. H. G.—How general is polygamy among you? B. Y.—I could not say. Some of those present [heads of the Church] have each but one wife; others have more: each determines what is his in- dividual duty. H. G.—What is the largest number of wives be- longing to any one man? B. Y.—I have fifteen; I know no one who has more; but some of those sealed to me are old la- dies whom I regard rather as mothers than wives, but whom I have taken home to cherish and sup- port. H. G.—Does not the Apostle Paul say that a bishop should be "the husband of one wife?" B. Y.—So we hold. We do not regard any but a married man as fitted for the office of bishop. But the Apostle does not forbid a bishop having more wives than one. H. G.—Does not Christ say that he who puts away his wife, or marries one whom another has put away, commits adultery? B. Y.—Yes; and I hold that no man should ever put away a wife except for adultery—not always even for that. Such is my individual view of the matter. I do not say that wives have never been put away in our Church, but that I do not approve of the practice. H. G.—How do you regard what is commonly termed the Christian Sabbath? B. Y.—As a divinely appointed day of rest. We enjoin all to rest from secular labor on that day. We would have no man enslaved to the Sabbath, but we enjoin all to respect and enjoy it. —Such is, as nearly as I can recollect, the sub- stance of nearly two hours' conversation, wherein much was said incidentally that would not be worth reporting, even if I could remember and reproduce it, and wherein others bore a part; but, as Presi- dent Young is the first minister of the Mormon Church, and bore the principal part in the conver- sation, I have reported his answers alone to my questions and observations. The others appeared uniformly to defer to his views, and to acquiesce fully in his responses and explanations. He spoke readily, not always with grammatical accuracy, but with no appearance of hesitation or reserve, and with no apparent desire to conceal anything, nor did he repel any of my questions as impertinent. He was very plainly dressed in thin summer cloth-ing, and with no air of sanctimony or fanaticism. In appearance, he is a portly, frank, good-natured, rather thick-set man of fifty-five, seeming to enjoy life, and be in no particular hurry to get to heaven. His associates are plain men, evidently born and reared to a life of labor, and looking as little like crafty hypocrites or swindlers as any body of men I ever met. the absence of cant or snuffle from their manner was marked and general, yet, I think I may fairly say that their Mormonism has not impoverished them—that they were generally poor men when they embraced it, and are now in very comfortable circumstances—as men averaging three of four wives apiece certainly need to be. If I hazard any criticisms on Mormonism general- ly, I reserve them for a separate letter, being deter- mined to make this a fair and full exposé of the doc- trine and polity, in the very words of the Prophet, so far as I can recall them. I do not believe Presi- dent Young himself could present them in terms cal- culated to render them less obnoxious to the Gentile world than the above. But I have a right to add here, because I said it to the assembled chiefs at the close of the above colloquy, that the degredation (or, if you please, the restriction) of Woman to the single office of child-bearing and its accessories, is an inevitable consequence of the system here paramount. I have not observed a sign in the streets, an advertisement in the journals, of this Mormon metropolis, whereby a woman proposes to do anything whatever. No Mormon has ever cited to me his wife's or any woman's opinion on any sub- ject; no Mormon woman has been introduced or has spoken to me; and, though I have been asked to visit Mormons in their houses, no one has spoken of his wife (or wives) desiring to see me, or his de- siring me to make her (or their) acquaintance, o voluntarily indicated the existence of such a being or beings. I will not attempt to report our talk on this subject, because unlike what I have above given, it assumed somewhat the character of a dis- putation, and I could hardly give it impartially; but one remark made by President Young I think I can give accurately, and it may serve as a sample of all that was offered on that side. It was in these words, I think exactly: "If I "did not consider myself competent to transact a "certain business without taking my wife's or any "woman's counsel with regard to it, I think I "ought to let that business alone." The spirit with regard to Woman, of the entire Mormon, as of all other polygamic systems, is fairly displayed in this avowal. Let any such system become established and prevalent, and Woman will soon be confined to the harem, and her appearance in the street with unveiled face will be accounted immodest. I joy- fully trust that the genius of the Nineteenth Centu- ry tends to a solution of the problem of Woman's sphere and destiny radically different from this. H.G. ----- new page (VMSS792_S3_SS14_B17A_F1_I7_p001.jpg) THE NEWS FROM UTAH. GREAT EXCITEMENT AMONG THE MORMONS The Protests of the Mayor, City Council and Citizens of Provo Against the Pro- ceedings of Judge Cradlebaugh. THE JUDGE’S REPLY. Memorial an[-] Petition to Governor Cumming and His Proclamation. JUDGE CRADLEBAUGH'S REMARKS. Conflict of Authority Between Governor Cumming and Gen. Johnston. BOTH SIDES OF THE NEWS, &c., &c., &c. The advices and papers from Utah, up to April 2, re- ceived by last mail, present a full history of the stirring times to which we could only briefly refer yesterday. We have no less than “two extras" in one week, which is of itself no bad indication of the state of excitement, and also the disposition on the part of the Mormons to lay matters and events before the “rest of mankind.” From the documents and correspondence which we publish this morning, our readers will conclude—however flatteringly the Mormons may have laid the unction to their souls of peaceful times, sitting under vines and fig trees, none daring to make them afraid, &c., in yonder “valleys of the mountains”—that very important changes have yet to transpire before their millennium has many practical advantages lor them over those enjoyed by the be- nighted in other communities. The present difficulties appear to have taken the in- habitants generally by surprise, but the chief men of the Territory have evidently been looking out for squalls, and regard the present course of Judge Cradlebaugh as only part of a concocted scheme for the retention of the army in Utah, and likewise to lead to something that may fur- nish some professional occupation for it while there. The direct cause of the present excitement is the attempt on the part of Judge Cradlebaugh to investigate the charges of past years against the Mormons, to accomplish which he has suddenly opened court at Provo, in March, instead of at Fillmore, in September. Claiming that, as there was no jail for prisoners, he required a company of one hundred soldiers to guard them, Gen. Johnston sent that number, and subsequently, as excitement increased, nine hundred more. On this Governor Cumming demands their with- drawal, which General Johnston refuses, and conse- quently an open rupture between the two chiefs ensued. From papers and correspondence we draw the conclusion that the Governor is backed by the Prosecuting Attorney and Superintendent of Indian Affairs on the side of peace, while General Johnston lends military assistance to Judges Cradlebaugh and Sinclair on the side of war against the Mormons. The private Mormon correspondence received to this city sets forth that the Mormons, though naturally enough excited, regard the present “difficulty” as one be tween the officers of the government. The Governor being in favor of peace, and that to their interest, they take sides with him, and indicate that all threats against his Excellency cannot be carried into execution while they are with him. ----- new page (VMSS792_S3_SS14_B17A_F1_I7_p002.jpg) ? OUR UTAH CORRESPONDENCE. Great Salt Lake City, March 30, 1859. Judge Cradlebaugh and the Court—The Troops at the Court House— Witnesses Decamping for the Mountains—The Troops in Pursuit—General News, &c. During last fall three Indians—Mose, Lookingglass and another confederate—committed a most brutal rape on two white females, a mother and her daughter, the latter about ten years old. The little girl was cut with a knife, in consequence of which her life for a long time was des- paired of. The two principals in this outrage were ar- rested, and held for trial in the first court having federal jurisdiction in the district. On the opening of the court at Provo by Judge Cradlebaugh, United States business taking precedence of Territorial, for the first six days, these two Indians were indicted by the Grand Jury, also a man by the came of Cazier, (a Mormon,) charged with aiding deserters from the army. At this stage of proceedings the Judge instructed the Grand Jury to commence on Ter- ritorial business; they then went into the consideration of offences against the Territory, and as there had been no court in the district for upwards of three years, and as the district includes within its limits a Territory twice as large as the State of New York, with a scattered popula- tion of some 40,000 inhabitants, considerable time was necessary to enable the Grand Jury to perform its duties and to get requisite testimony before it, relating to various criminals acts, which had occured during the last three years. 107-C ----- new page (VMSS792_S3_SS14_B17A_F1_I7_p003.jpg) The Judge called the Grand Jury into court, and de- manded of them if they had anything to present. He was told by the foreman that in the course of an hour or two he had no doubt that several presentments would be made upon a subject of much importance, which had been be- fore the Jury for several days; upon which the Judge, in an angry tone, dismissed the Jury from further service, accused them of refusing to punish crime, and, by way of retaliation, told them he would turn Mose and Look ingglass, the savages in custody , loose upon them, with- out trial, which was accordingly done. The Grand Jury had been delayed in its investigations by the arrest of some of its witnesses by virtue of bench warrants issued b[-] the Judge without the knowledge of the Prosecuting A[-]- torney, who, as directed by the Judge, had examined all the witnesses personally that had appeared before the Grand Jury during its sitting, and would know better than any other man on whom suspicion should rest. It seems the Judge had determined to hold nobody in cus- tody but Mormons, several of whom were arrested, with- out the shadow of a suspicion of their being guilty of any crime; and instead of being put in custody of the proper officer of the law, they were marched into the centre of a military encampment, and there guarded by soldiers, and compelled to furnish their own blankets and provi- sions. Mr. Dailey has been detained a week, with no evidence against him, only that he was a teacher in the Church, and had been at the house of an apostate and asked the usual question, “if he prayed in his family,” and upon being answered negatively, he told him it would be a good thing for him to do so. While this examination is proceeding the court house is nearly filled with soldiers, and the building surrounded by them. In addition to this, one thousand soldiers are posted on the bluff over- looking the town, and one and a half miles from the court house, with a battery of artillery so arranged as to be able [-]o rake State street at pleasure, the principal street of Provo, and all this in a time of perfect peace, not an of- f[--]er having been resisted or intimidated or threatened in the district; no posse comitatus having been called for. The sh eriff and other civil officers are superseded by bayonets, art illery and dragoons. 107-D T he Grand Jury had been in session five days on ter- rito rial business at the time they were dismissed, and had examined some twenty witnesses; and their summary disch arge was doubtless a design on the part of the Judge, and o ther parties interested in keeping the army here, to raise a n excuse that Utah juries would not indict Mor- mons. The c itizens of Provo feel deeply the indignities heaped upon t em; but the civil authorities have been able to prevent collision and preserve peace, and no pains have been spa red by the local authorities to continue peaceful relations. The res [-]lt of the military display around the court and treacherou s arrest of witnesses who are subpoenaed is such that when a man is required to attend court he supposes th at he will be marched into the military lines and there d[-]tained, and to avoid this he flees to the moun- tains to get out of the way of the Judge, who is holding a court in the character of a committing magistrate; he has already spent more time in this way than the Grand Jury spent on territorial business, and has as yet com- mitted.no one. He has dismissed several teamsters, with out trial, who have been committed for high crimes, and although Mr. WiIson, United States Attorney, insisted that they should be recognized to appear at the next term, he refused, as he is determined to try none hut Mormons in his court. In every address to the juries he has made an attack on the religion of the Mormons. and it may well be doubt- ed wheth er his monomania is not the result of his hatred to the Mormom enthusiasm; it does not seem possible that a Judge entirely sane would turn such desperadoes as Mose and Lookingglass loose to prey upon the commu- nity, were not this the case. The effect of this military despotism has already reached an extreme that has caused hundreds in Utah county to leave their homes, and it is not at all probable that they will re- turn while this reign of terror exists. By the Governor’s proclamation we are given to understand that this whole matter has been brought to pass without his knowledge ----- new page (VMSS792_S3_SS14_B17A_F1_I7_p004.jpg) stationed near the Court House and on one side of it. The additional troops referred to as being “within sight of the Court House,” are at camp four miles distant. This assertion must have been designed to create a false impression as to the rela- tive situation of the Court House and the troops. In re- gard to the inhabitants being terrified by the presence of troops, it is proper to say that many of them are very much annoyed by their being here at this time, but those who seem to be stricken with terror have fled the country on account of crimes committed by them, and the fear of just punishment for their offences. Among them are to be found several of the jurors, presidents of “stakes," bishops and also civil officers of the Territory. It is per- haps proper to say that the Grand Jury was selected by the County Court under a recent act of the Legislature of this Territory, which was signed and approved by Gover- nor Cumming, and that several notorious criminals were members of it. That none but those who are conscious of guilt are under the influence of fear is manifested by the fact that at all times, when the court is in session, the court room is crowded by hundreds of citi- zens. The assertion that witnesses and jurors are or have been intimidated by the small military detachment near the Court House is without foundation; while the real fact is that witnesses have been threatened [-]and intimidated by the very inhabitants who are said to be so much terrified. To such an extent has this been carried that witnesses who appear and testily on behalf of the prosecution are compelled to seek safety under the protection of the troops that are here—many of them having signed a peti- tion requesting that the troops shall not be removed, and representing that their security and safety depended alone upon their presence. In regard to the statement that troops are here without consultation with his Excellency, the Court has yet to learn that it is subservient to, and cannot act except under executive dictation. His Honor then observed, “I have thought proper to make this state- ment in regard to this proclamation of his that the public may know it is not according to the facts.” HOW THE MORMONS SPEAK OF THE PRESENT TROUBLES. [Deseret News, March 30 ] The proceedings of the court at Provo City, and the pe- titions, remonstrances, and memorials those proceedings have called forth, together with the protest of the Grand Jury and Governor Cumming’s proclamation, occupy much space in this number of the News. These several documents speak for themselves and, in unmistakeable language, doubtless express the feelings and sentiments of those who originated them, in relation to the course that has been pursued by those who have been engaged in bringing about the order of things to which they refer. The people feel somewhat indignant at the course that has been taken to make them appear as opposers to the courts of the United States and to the execution of the laws, when no resistance has been made to either the court or its officers, neither have they aided criminals to escape from justice as alleged. They do not fear nor wish to avert an impartial administration of jus- tice, but from past experience they have reasons to fear the unlawful intervention of miliary with civil power. It is not our intention to comment at this time to any great extent on these matters. The facts as they exist will go to the world in a way that will be understood, and unquestionably a righteous verdict will be given in the premises by those who respect the rights of their fellow- beings, guaranteed by the constitution and laws of our common country. If courts are permitted to be held without authority of law, and judges to act in the capacity of accuser, prosecu- tor, witness and juror at the same time, and suffered to employ the army of the United States, or any portion thereof to aid them in carrying out their designs against those they hate and wish to destroy, and in violating the laws and constitution of the United States, and the laws of any State or Territory where they may as- sume to hold such courts, and the federal arm is not stretched out to prevent such proceedings, when the facts become known, then is our nation ripe for destruction, and every one should be looking out for his own safety. We believe that the government will sustain Governor Cumming in carrying out the instructions that he received [-] or his guidance in administering the laws in this Terri- tory, and that those who oppose the conciliatory measures that have been adopted to restore peace and confidence will ere long see their error, whether they repent of it or not. In fine, there is nothing that can save them from the infamy and disgrace that such expressions and acts justly merit, and will in due time be awarded to the guilty. SPICY LETTER FROM A NEW YORK MORMON, TO THE EDITOR OF THE NEW YORK HERALD. New York, April 27, 1859. The “'serious trouble anticipated between the Mormons and troops,” as published in to day’s HERALD, induces me to claim from you a portion of space in your valuable paper, for the purpose of setting forth something like the true state of affairs in that Territory. This “startling news” has been expected in the "States" for some months past. The planning and intriguing of the Utah Judges, sutlers and their associates for the purpose of getting up another "difficulty," has been so well ----- new page (VMSS792_S3_SS14_B17A_F1_I7_p005.jpg) you to do anything. Your duty is to find bills when there is suffi- cient testimony to satisfy you of the probability of the party’s guilt. The Court has been patient with you; it has given you time; it has endeavored to be patient, that you might have ample opportunity to do your duty. The Court has no desire but to do its duty—to punish offen- ders and enforce the law; it can have no other purpose or motive. If it is the desire of this community that per- sons guilty of crimes shall be screened, and that high, notorious crimes shall be covered up, it will have to be done without the aid of this Court. Should my govern- ment desire such things, they must send some other per- son than the one who now presides in this judicial district to accomplish such purpose. The Court cares not what position persons hold, either civil or ecclesiastical, if they are guilty of crime, it will use its authority to bring the offenders to justice. By legislation we have no jails, no means to support prisoners, no means of paying witnesses or jurors, or other officers of this Court. It would seem that the whole of the legislation of this Territory was to prevent the due administration of justice. It was these considerations that induced the Court to desire you to expedite the duties devolved upon you. The Court feels that it has discharged its duty; it has furnished you every facility for discharging yours. Still, you make no report; to continue you longer in service would be wrong—the public interest would neither be promoted or benefited by it. You are there- fore discharged from further service. The Court will think of the propriety of veniraing another Grand Jury. For your service upon territorial business the clerk will issue you his certificates. For the time you were engaged on United States business the Marshal will pay you. If it is expected that this Court is to be used by this community as a means of protecting it against the pecadillos of Gen- tiles and Indians, unless this community will punish its own murderers, such expectation will not be realized. It will be used for no such purpose. When this people come o their reason, and manifest a disposition to punish their own high offenders, it will then be time to enforce the law also for their protection. If this Court cannot bring you to a proper sense of your duty, it can at least turn the savages in custody loose upon you. PROTEST BY THE GRAND JURY. 110-A Provo City, Utah County, Territory of Utah, March 22,1859. We, the undersigned, having been lawfully summoned as Grand Jurors for the Second Judicial district of the Territory of Utah, and having been summarily and insult- ingly discharged by the Hon. John Cradlebaugh, United States Associate Justice for said Territory, while in the aithful and diligent performance of our duties as a sworn inquest, do hereby enter our solemn protest against the language and conduct of the aforesaid Judge Cradlebaugh, addressed and used towards us at the time of our dis- charge. We were surrounded in our deliberations in our jury room by a detachment of the army and army officers, quartered within hearing of the evidence of witnesses, while being examined by us. We presented indictments for offences against the laws of the United States. Our indictments were treated with contempt, and the prison- ers indicted have been liberated without trial. Witnesses subpoenaed to be examined by us, have been treacherous- ly arrested, and thus have we been deprived of their evi- dence. Notwithstanding being thus trammelled by the Court, we have honored our oath, and were endeavoring to faithfully discharge our duties, when wo were dis- missed by his Honor with a slanderous and insulting harangue. JOHN RIGGS, Foreman. In behalf of the jury. MEMORIAL AND PETITION TO GOVERNOR GUMMING. TO HIS EXCELLENCY ALFRED CUMMING, GOVERNOR OF THE TERRITORY OF UTAH:— Sir—Your memorialists, citizens of Utah Territory, res- pectfully represent that the Hon. John Cradlebaugh, Asso- sociate Justice of the Supreme Court of the Territory of Utah and ex-officio Judge of the Second Judicial District, commenced holding a term of court in Provo, Utah county, U. T., on the 8th day of March, A. D. 1859, by what law, as to the time and place, of the United States or of this Territory, is unknown to vour memorialists; for in the Statutes at Large, chapter cxxiv., section five of “an act to amend the acts regulating the fees, costs and other judicial expenses of the government in the States, Territories and District of Columbia; and for other pur- poses,” approved August 16,1856, we find that Congress enacted “the Judges of the Supreme Court in each of the Territories, or a majority of them, shall, when assembled at their respective seats of government, fix and ap- point the several times and places of holding the several courts in their respective districts, and limit the duration of the terms thereof;” which is all the law upon that point that we have been made cognizant of; and from page 119 of No. 27, vol. viii, of the Deseret News, we learn that Chief Justice D. R. Eckels and Associate Justice C. E. Sinclair, in ac- cordance with said law, did, in August last, meet in Fill- more city, then ruled by them to be the seat of govern- ment for this Territory, and “ fix and appoint the several times and places of holding the several courts” in the three judicial districts of this Territory, fixing and ap- pointing the time and place for the judicial district in which Judge Cradlebaugh is now holding court, as fol- lows:— “Second District Court will be holden at Fillmore city on the first Monday in November, by Mr. Justice Cradle- baugh;" and it is obvious that the 8th of March is not the “first Monday in November,” neither is Provo on the site of Fillmore city. Judges Eckels and Sinclair also li[--]ted that "each term of the District Court will be for thirty days if the business shall require it;” Congress, Statutes at Large, chap. clxvi, approved June 14, 1858, enacted “ that the judges of the Supreme Court of each Territory of the United States are hereby au- ----- new page (VMSS792_S3_SS14_B17A_F1_I7_p006.jpg) thorized to hold court within their respective districts, in the counties wherein, by the laws of said Territories, courts have been, or may be established, for the purpose of hearing and determining all matters and causes, ex- cept those in which the United States is a party: provided that the expenses thereof shall be paid by the Territory or the count es in which said courts may be held, and the United shall in no case be chargeable therewith;” and Judge Cradlebaugh cannot be holding court under this law, for he is examining “matters and causes” “in which the United States is a party;” and in section 2, chapter xliii, Statutes at Large, approved July 4,1840, we find "That the presiding Judge of any Circuit Court may, at his discretion, appoint special sessions thereof, to be held at the places where the stated sessions thereof are holden;" but at such special sessions are prohibited from “trying any cause by a jury.” Now, were such discre- tion allowed a Judge of any district court, which we have not found, it would still preclude the court in question, since it has both grand and petit juries in its employ. Having thus briefly and plainly cited all the law within our knowledge, pertinent to the subject, we submit the question of the legality of the court now being held in Provo by Judge Cradlebaugh, to your Excellency, and further respectfully represent that, upon a requisition by Judge Cradlebaugh, a detachment of United States troops was marched from Camp Floyd, and halted at the building provided for the accommodation of the court, and in which said Judge was at the time de- livering his charge to the Grand Jury, and subsequently and still, so far as we know, encamped adjacent to and the officers quartered in said building, a proceeding alto- gether contrary to the spirit and letter of President Buchanan's late message to Congress, wherein he states: “I am happy to inform you that the Governor and other civil officers of Utah are now performing their appropriate functions without molestation. The authority of the con- stitution and laws has been fully restored, and peace pre- vails throughout the Territory;” directly contrary to an express understanding with the Peace Commissioners, as made public in Provo by Governor Powell, June 16,1858, when he stated to some four thousand citizens then and there assembled, that “while he (President Buchanan) claims and will exercise the right to send the army where- ever he may please, his object is not to make an encamp- ment in any of your cities. General Johnston told me that he did not wish his army to be stationed near a city,” and contrary to any just, legal, or even necessary require- ment, for, notwithstanding Judge Cradlebaugh, in his reply of March 12, 1859,.to the petition of the Mayor and City Council of Provo for the removal of said troops, stated that they were there “to secure and support prisoners,” the Territorial and county officers attending court, and holding commissions from your Excellency, promptly in- formed the Judge that they were ready and amply able and responsible for the arrest, security, care and forth- coming of all persons ordered to be arrested. Troops were ordered to accompany your Excellency and other civil officers to Utah, as a posse comitatus, under the influence of statements that the Territorial library and court records had been burned, a District Judge intimi- pated upon the bench, and government officers driven from this Territory; the facts concerning which statements your own personal observation fully enabled you to make known to our nation at an early day after your arrival, thereby officially precluding, particularly since the date of the Peace Conference in June last, any requirements upon the army in Utah, save to protect the citizens, the mails and the emigrants from molestation by the Indians within our borders, at least until resistance should have been offered to the execution of any law of the order of any court or civil officer, which, we are gratified in being able to state, has not been done. Gov. Powell, at the time and place aforenamed, said: “The federal government demands nothing of you, fellow citizens, which it does not require of the inhabitants of every State and Territory in the Union, that you shall be obedient to the laws of your country, that you will respect the civil authority, and that its officers shall be received by you and enter on the discharge of their duties unmo- lested.” Wherein have we failed in complying with those requirements to the very letter? Not in one tittle, but have gone beyond them, and unresistingly borne the quar- tering of troops in and around a court transacting Terri- torial business in a peaceful city, amply supplied with civil officers for the fulfilment of every legal requirement. And President Buchanan, in his message before quoted from, states that “These gentlemen (Messrs. Powell and McCulloch, the Peace Commissioners,) conducted them- selves to my entire satisfaction, and rendered useful ser- vices in executing the humane intentions of the govern- ment. It also affords me great satisfaction to state that Governor Cumming has performed his duty in an able and conciliatory manner, and with the happiest effect.” And now, notwithstanding the humane efforts and labors of Col. Thomas L. Kane and your Excellency, so highly and justly commended by the Chief Executive of our na- tion; notwithstanding the President's proclamation of April 6,1858, and the consequent results of the Peace Conference in G. S. L. city, in June last, so satisfactory to both parties and the agreements, of which have been so scrupulously observed by Utah, could it have been presumed that a district judge would go back of all these facts, so widely known and so highly appreciated by every patriotic lover of his country and humanity, and take advantage of instructions to Brevet Brigadier Gene- ral W. S. Harney, bearing the ancient date, “New York, June 29,1857,” and call upon the military to surround his court and jury rooms with bayonets? Yet such is the fact, when in those same instructions, and following the authority above alluded to, and which, perhaps, has been neglected to be rescinded, we read, “while you (Gen. Harney) are not to be and cannot be subjected to the orders, strictly speaking, of the Governor, you will be responsible for a zealous, harmonious and thorough co-operation with him, or to frequent and full consultation, and will conform your action to his requests and views in all cases where your military judg- ment and prudence do not forbid, nor compel you to mo- dify, in execution, the movements he may suggest.” It thus appears by those very instructions, under which a district judge, if they are not already rescinded, claims authority for making a requisition upon Gen. Johnston for troops, that your Excellency, as was very properly con- sidered, has the superior authority in counseling their movements in the capacity of a posse commitatus. ----- new page (VMSS792_S3_SS14_B17A_F1_I7_p007.jpg) ting on his part, so far as we can discern, an utter disre- gard of the latest expressed views and policy of the Ad- ministration concerning Utah, and the views and policy of your Excellency and all good citizens, and a settled purpose for some cause to force an angry collision between the citizens and troops, which is well known is not so difficult to accomplish in the best ordered town or city in the Union, especially when one class is caused to illegally supplant, taunt and oppress the other. That the peaceful policy of the Administration and of your Excellency be not subverted by the vile schemes of such sutlers, speculators, camp followers and gamblers, as plot evil and bloodshed far gain; that citizens be not imposed upon in any of their rights, nor when subpoenaed as witnesses, treacher- ously arrested by bench warrants, and unfed and without bedding, guarded by troops; nor jurors to attend to their duties under the bristling of bayonets; that the laws be respected and magnified; that the citizens be not goaded until they cannot sustain their anger, and thus forego for a time the happy results of the la- bors and toils of so many patriots and philanthro- pists, and cause the riotous to exult with joy; and that your Excellency “take care that the laws be faithfully executed”—we, your memorialists, citizens of the United States in the Territory of Utah, respectfully petition your Excellency to use all the influence and au- thority of your official position as Governor of this Terri- tory to remove all government troops from in and around the court now in session in the city of Provo, and from in and around said city, and to prevent any troops being lo- cated in or infringingly near any of our thickly settled villages, towns, or cities, and to fairly and fully, at your earliest convenience, report to the proper department in Washington City the official proceedings of Judge John Cradlebaugh in the Second Judicial district of this Territo- ry; and, for such wise, loyal and just action by your Ex- cellency , your memorialists and petitioners will ever pray, UTAH TERRITORY, March 22,1859. Copies of the foregoing memorial and petition to his Ex- cellency Alfred Cumming, Governor, were circulated throughout the Territory, and signed by the people gene- rally; one of which containing the names of about three thousand five hundred citizens, was presented to him on the 25th instant. GOVERNOR CUMMING'S PROCLAMATION AGAINST GEN- ERAL JOHNSTON. Whereas, One company of the United States infantry, under the command of Captain Heth, is now stationed around the court house at Provo, where the Hon. John Cradlebaugh is now holding court, and eight additional companies of infantry, one of artillery, and one of cavalry, under the command of Major Paul, are stationed within sight of the Court House; and, whereas, the presence of soldiers has a tendency not only to terrify the inhabitants and disturb the peace of the Territory, but also to sub- vert the ends of justice by causing the intimidation of witnesses and jurors; and, whereas, this movement of troops has been made without consultation with me, and, as I believe, is in opposition to both the letter and spirit of my instructions; and, whereas, General Johnston, commander of the military department of Utah, has re- fused my request that he would issue the necessary or- ders for the removal of the above mentioned troops; Now, therefore, I, Alfred Cumming, Governor of the Territory of Utah, do hereby publish this my solemn pro- test against this present military movement, and also against all movements of troops incompatible with the let- ter and spirit of the annexed extract from the instructions received by me from government for my guidance while Governor of the Territory of Utah. In testimony whereof, I have hereunto set my hand, and caused the seal of the Territory to be affixed. Done at Great Salt Lake City, this twenty-seventh day of March, A. D. eighteen hundred and fifty nine, and of the indepen- dence of the United States the eighty-third. ALFRED CUMMING. By the Governor. JOHN HARTNETT, Secretary of State. EXTRACT—(GOV. CUMMING’S INSTRUCTIONS). It is your duty to take care that the laws are faithfully executed, and to maintain the peace and good order of the Territory, and also to support by your power and autho- rity the civil officers in the performance of their duties. If these officers, when thus engaged, are forcibly opposed, or have just reason to expect opposition, they have a right to call such portion of the posse commitatus to their aid as they may deem necessary. If circumstances should lead you to believe that the ordinary force at the disposal of such officers will be insufficient to overcome any resistance that may be reasonably anticipated, then you are authorized to call for such number of troops as the occasion may require, who will act as a posse comitatus; and while thus employed they will be under the direction of the proper civil officer, and act in conformity with the instructions you may give, as the Chief Executive Magis- trate of the Territory. JUDGE CRADLEBAUGH'S REMARKS ON THE GOVERNOR’S PROCLAMATION. While the Court was in session on the 30th his Honor made the following remarks on Governor Cumming's pre- clamation:— I will state to the gentlemen of the bar, and also to the congregation present, that I received a document yester- day from Alfred Cumming, and what I have to say about it I have embodied in writing, so that it may not be mis- represented. His Honor then read the following:— I have received a document from Alfred Cumming, Go- vernor of this Territory, which in its heading purports to be a proclamation, while in the body of [the document it would seem to be a kind of protest. Instread of be- ing addressed to the General Commanding the depart- ment of Utah, it seems to be intended for the public at large. Taking the whole thing together, it seems to be designed to exasperate the people of this Ter- ritory against the troops, to obstruct the course of public justice, and to excite insubordination in the army. In this document Governor Cumming speaks of a company or United States infantry being stationed around the Court House in which I am now holding a term of the District Court, and also of several additional companies of infantry, one of artillery and one of cavalry, being stationed in sight of the Court House. He also says that the presence of these soldiers has a tendency “not only to terrify the inhabitants and disturb the peace of the Territory, but also to subvert the ends of justice by caus- ing the intimidation of witnesses and jurors.” He says that this movement of troops has been made without con- sultation with him and against the letter and spirit of his instructions. In regard to his statement that the troops are stationed around the Court House at Provo, I have only to say that the assertion is not true. They are ----- new page (VMSS792_S3_SS14_B17A_F1_I7_p008.jpg) OUR ARMY AMONG THE MORMONS. LETTER FROM ONE OF OUR TROOPS IN UTAH. CEDAR VALLEY, CAMP FLOYD, U. T., COMPANY F, TENTH INFANTRY, March 14,1859. The Passage of Devil's Gate—Description of the Scenery— How the Army are Employed in Camp—Rebellion Still in the Hearts of the Mormon Leaders—Description of the Appearance of the Camp and Review of the Troops—No Pay for the Men—Rum Warranted to Kill at One Thou- sand Yards—The Fancy and the Gambling Hells—Thea- tricals and Music of First Rate Quality—Difficulty of Get- ting Wood for Fire—Curious Account of the Way it is Conveyed, &c. We left Governor’s Island on tha 28th May, 1858, for Fort Leavenworth, our company consisting of 600 re- cruits, intended mostly for the Tenth regiment of rifles. On our arrival at the passage known by the sulphurous name of “Devil’s Gate,” we stopped to reconnoitre. This passage is barely wide enough for a wagon, being occu- pied partly by a stream of water. Finding our road clear we pushed forward into Echo canon. The entrance to this canon is the most sublime and beautiful I have ever gazed upon; huge mountains rising almost perpendicular hundreds of feet above your head, with the glimpse of an occasional deserted breastwork thrown up by the Mormons to intercept our further progress. This pass is very long and narrow, and should the Mormons have had spunk enough to carry out their original designs, they would have made this pass for us, like Jordan, “ a hard road to travel.” Everything had been deserted, however, before the arrival of the troops in advance of us, and we had nothing to retard the fur- ther progress of our arrival here. We got to this camp just as the troops sent in advance were commencing to build winter quarters. Our camp is very picturesquely situated, being surrounded on all sides by mountains, the distance to the foot of the first being about five miles. We have a spring of pure fresh water in the midst of us, which fur- nishes us with a bountiful supply. The troops encamped here now consist of two regiments of dragoons, com- pany C, light artillery ; Fifth and Seventh regiments, in- fantry, and Tenth regiment, infantry rifles. We are de- tailed in companies and detachments to go out in the different vaiieys around to protect our mules and cattle from the depredations of the Indians, every company and detachment taking their turn according to the roster. This is the principal part of the labor we have to perform. When going out on these expeditions we take tents with us, clear away the snow, which is generally about two feet deep on the mountains, pitch our tents, and, with an ample supply of buffalo robes, make ourselves as comfortable as the exigencies of the case will admit. We were entertaining strong hopes of being recalled this spring; but the prospect now is that we will have to remain another year, as the spirit of rebellion in the breasts of the Mormon leaders only lays dormant, waiting the opportunity when the United States troops take their departure of breaking out afresh. With all their outside pretensions to the submission of Uncle Sam's laws, the devil is in them still. Our camp has the appearance of a small city; the houses are built of adobe, which our soldiers, like everything else, have nicknamed “ doboys,” about the size of two ordinary bricks in tho States, one story high and very comfortable. General Johnston reviews the troops every Sunday. On the last review we had a jolly time, for it snowed and blew a regular hurricane, but we had to stand it notwith- standing—no going between decks here, or crawling under a boom cover, as on board of a man-of-war. Verily, this kind of soldiering don’t exactly suit me. We have not received any pay for six months, on ac- count of the Paymaster not being able to get any money over the mountains before winter set in; he has, however, gone to California, and is expected back in June next. with funds. Money being scarce, the vices attendant on camp life are greatly alleviated, as the soldier has nothing to gamble with or get drunk on, save the nominal allow- ance of whiskey derived from the sutler’s store. There is a village a short distance from here where can be got plenty of “ valantan,” the worst quality of rum, war- ranted to kill 1,000 yards, the distance our rifles shoot. We have also a few of the fancy out here, and as a matter of course any quantity of gambling hells, where the poor soldier is taken in and fleeced out of his hard earnings; but owing to the scarcity of money these representatives of Hoyle are not reaping a very rich harvest at present. There is likewise a small sprinkling of the fair sex who sail under the euphonious names of “ Gentle Annie,” “Doby Mary,” “Pretty Polly,” &c. We have plenty of amusement; a theatre has been erected by the soldiers, which is amply supplied with scenery, decorations, &c., painted by a score of artists from the different regiments, and three regimental bands comprise tho orchestra. Every company almost is able to furnish a “ star,” forming an array of talent that would set to blush some of your Eastern theatres. We had a circus and a band of Ethio- pian Serenaders from Great Salt Lake City, but the cold weather setting in compelled them to pull up stakes and leave. Our camp is situated about forty-five miles from Great Salt Lake City, with a stage running every other day when the roads are passable. Lehigh City is about fifty miles from us, and Provo City thirty-eight miles. A mail arrives in camp every Sunday evening, when the moun- tain passes are not closed up. In the summer letters are one month coming from the States, but this winter they have been very irregular. Our mode of procuring wood is rather novel, the near- est being on the mountains, five or six miles distant. It is first cut and slid down to the base of the mountain, when it is loaded on sledges, and twenty or thirty men haul it into camp. It reminds one of half a dozen fire engines running to a fire, to hear the soldiers yelling and hooting as they break through the snow at a two forty rate of speed. This is done by fatigue parties, three or four times each week, the whole being taken in charge by the Quartermasters, who distribute it out to the different companies. The wood, being principally cedar and pine, does not last long, and we are compelled sometimes, after drawing our allowance, if the weather is very cold, to go to the mountains on our own hook, and get a suffi- cient supply to keep from freezing. ----- new page (VMSS792_S3_SS14_B17A_F1_I7_p009.jpg) THE TROOPS AT PROVO. The inhabitants of Provo, on the 10th of March, peti- tioned the Mayor and City Council to cause the troops to be removed. To their petition Judge Cradlebaugh replied as follows:— PROVO, March 12,1859. TO THE HONORABLE THE MAYOR AND CITY COUNCIL OF PROVO: GENTLEMEN—Your letter of the 11th inst. has just been received. In reply to it I take occasion to say that the movement of a company of infantry to this city and their temporary location here was well considered before it was de- termined upon. It was a matter of necessity. There were a number of prisoners to be tried before my Court; neither the Territory nor the city afforded a jail or other place of confinement for them. No manner of provision had been ----- new page (VMSS792_S3_SS14_B17A_F1_I7_p010.jpg) made for their support or sustenance, neither by the Ter- ritory nor your city. To secure these prisoners and to maintain them are duties that I owe to my office and to them. I have adopted the only means left me of accomplishing those objects. The military company, kindly furnished by the commanding General, both secure and support these prisoners. That this small force should be near the court house, or the building used as such, is not only a matter of convenience, but of necessity to the Court. This I will say, however, that so soon as I can dispense with their most useful services, I shall do so. You speak of their being here to the annoyance of the citizens of this city, and intimidation of those persons hav- ing business with the District Court. When, where, or in what manner these soldiers have annoyed or interfered with the citizens of Provo, I chal- lenge you to show. A more quiet, orderly set of men I never saw ; they have deported themselves with a pro- priety and decorum truly remarkable. As to your remark about intimidation, allow me to say that good American citizens have no cause to fear Ameri- can troops. JOHN CRADLEBAUGH. REJOINDER OF THE CITY COUNCIL TO JUSTICE CRADLEBAUGH. PROVO, March 15, 1859. To the Hon. JOHN CRADLEBAUGH, Associate Justice of the Supreme Court, and ex-officio Judge of the Second Judi- cial District for the Territory of Utah. Your letter of the 12th inst. is now before us, in reply to the request of the Mayor and City Council of this city, in regard to the removal of the detachment of the United States troops that at your request are now quartered in this city, and are occupying a part of the building used for a court house. You observe that the matter of the troops being brought to this city was duly considered before it was determined upon, and that it was a matter of necessity to have them in attendance for the purpose of securing prisoners; that necessity, we understand, consisted in guarding five pri- soners, two of whom, we learn, have been discharged. Either the Sheriff or municipal authorities were and are prepared to secure and safely protect any number of pri soners that there was any probability of being held in custody by your court. You speak of our not having any place of confinement; this, we assure you, is a mistake; we have a place pre pared for that purpose. And should the county or terri torial officers arrest prisoners, the officers of the city or county will abundantly provide for their security, wants and necessities. There is, therefore, no necessity of the United States troops being stationed in and around the court house. Had your Honor conferred for one moment with the authorities of the county or city, in regard to the care of prisoners, you would not have asked the commanding General for a detachment of troops for that purpose. Whatever may have heen the object of clothing the Court with a military escort, it has the most dangerous tendency; it usurps the functions of civil officers, per- forms the duties the law never designed for the army, and renders null and void the civil offices that have been ap pointed by law; it presents the judiciary to the people in the light or a military inquisition. The lives and liberties of all persons accused are jeopardized by the examination of witnesses and action of jurors under the influence of a military intimidation and espionage. It is causing the city unnecessary expense. We have been under the necessity of doubling the police force and ex erting ourselves to prevent indignant citizens from doing violence to the soldiers; and this has cost us three times as much as it would to have guarded all the prisoners, aside from the unavoidable injury of detaining agricul turists from their pursuits at a season when preparations for seeding are of the utmost importance. But these are minor considerations, compared with the establishment of a military judicial administration, hitherto unknown in the annals of freedom. Should such an order of things continue, we have reason to fear that the time is not far distant when witnesses will be sworn at the point of the bayonet, and the law executed by the sword. Perhaps your Honor is not aware that those quiet orderly soldiers, of whom you speak, have been troublesome to the citizens of this city, and that several unpleasant cir- cumstances have already occurred between the citizens and soldiers. Is your Honor aware that several soldiers have been arrested drunk in the streets, and the police not wishing to bring a stain upon your Honor’s escort by putting them in jail, have quietly taken them to their quarters, and de- livered them to their officers? We would also call your Honor's attention to a circumstance that took place on the evening of the 11th inst., when, had it not been for the in- terposition of the City Marshal, in all probability, several persons would have been hurt, if not killed. Is your Honor aware that one of those orderly persons, of whom you speak, caught the Marshal’s horse by the bridle and endeavored to prevent him from quelling a row? Some of the soldiers have been caught by the city officers in the act of attempting to break into houses in the night. These are well known facts, that can be proved by many witnesses. However much we admire the talent, experience, skill and military attainments of the officers and the bravery and discipline of the men, it must be regarded as a very degrading appreciation of their gallantry, and the high position which their military career has given them, to use them as a county jail—a walking calaboose. And we be- lieve that all experience has proven that the introduction of soldiers into cities or villages has had a uniform tenden- cy to produce hostile feelings. Your Honor says that “good American citizens have no cause to fear American troops;” the gallantry of our offi- cers, the discipline and bravery of our soldiers, have ren- dered our armies a terror to the enemies of liberty throughout the world; but when, through prejudice, poli- ----- new page (VMSS792_S3_SS14_B17A_F1_I7_p011.jpg) tical intrigue, speculative selfishness or other causes, those gallant arms are placed in a position to intimidate American citizens, why should they not fear? Honored sir, when our gallant army, or any portion thereof, is degraded, by any cause whatever, from that high position which the constitution and laws have given it, as the arm of national defence, to the low station of sup planting the civil power, it must, most certainly, be feared by every American citizen, not blind to the perpetuity of our national institutions. As a beginning, a single corps, highly honored for its discipline, the superior skill and scientific attainments of its officers, is placed out of its constitutional sphere to perform the duties of sheriff, marshal, or jailer- the militery power then supersedes the civil, in a limited degree to be sure, but military power seldom retrogrades and jurors are controlled by them; the court follows in the wake—that bulwark of hu- man liberty—an independent, high minded judiciary, sus tained by the people, is thus annihilated—the legislative and executive departments are soon overcome, and the sword of a Julius Caesar puts an end to the whole fabric ----- new page (VMSS792_S3_SS14_B17A_F1_I7_p012.jpg) of liberty. We ask, your Honor, why should not all good American citizens be afraid? For these and many other reasons we beg leave re- spectfully to renew our request. With high consideration and esteem, we respectfully subscribe ourselves, your most obedient servants, B. K. BULLOCK, Mayor, In behalf of the City Council. In addition to the foregoing, other petitions from set- tlements in Utah county were presented to the Judge for the removal of the troops from the vicinity of the Court. SERIOUS CHARGES AGAINST THE MORMONS. During the sitting of the Court on the 21st of March, in discharging the Grand Jury, Judge Cradlebaugh assigned the following reasons for this course of procedure:— This day makes two weeks from the time you were em- pannelled. At that time, the Court was very particular to impress upon your minds the fact that it was desirable to expedite business as speedily as possible. The Court took occasion to call your attention to the difficulties under which we had to labor. It told you of the condition of the legislation; it told you of the fact that the Legislature had not provided proper means to aid the Court in bringing criminals to punishment; it told you that, aside from that, that the legislation was of such a character as to embar- rass the Court in the discharge of its duties; and that they had given criminal jurisdiction to courts of their own crea- tion, which by the organic act can exercise no such jurisdic- tion. They had sought to throw the punishment of crimes into such tribunals. The Court also called your attention to the fact that there had been, in connection with this legislation, an attempt by persons within the Territory to bring the United States courts into disrepute with this people. It particularly called your attention to the fact that Brigham Young, the late Executive of the Territory, at the time when he was a sworn officer of the govern ment—sworn to see that the laws were executed—had taken occasion to denounce the courts as vile and corrupt; also that he had taken occasion to denounce all attorneys and jurors of the court, and that this was done to prevent the proper and due administration of justice in the Terri- tory. The Court felt it to be its duty to repel such slan- ders: that it owed it to the position it occupied, and to the members of the bar, who were looked upon as honorable men, and from its association with them it felt it to be its duty to repel such slanders, let them come from what source they might. This was done for the purpose of showing the difficulties that you and the court labored under in bringing criminals to justice. Aside from this, the Court took the unusual course of calling your attention to particular crimes—the horrible massacre at the Mountain Meadows. It told you of the murder of young Jones and his mother, and of pulling their house down over them and making that their tomb; it told you of the murder of the Parrishes and Potter, and Forbes, almost within sight of this court house. It took occasion to call names for the purpose of calling your par- ticular attention to those crimes: the fact that they have been committed is notorious. The Court has had occasion to issue bench warrants to arrest persons connected with the Parrish murder; has had them brought before it and examined; the testimony presents an unparalleled condi- tion of affairs. It seems that the whole community were engaged in committing that crime. Facts go to show it. There seems to be a combined effort on the part of the community to screen the murderers from the punishment due them for the murder they have committed. I might call your attention to the fact that when officers seek to arrest persons accused of crimes they are not able to do so; the parties are screened and secreted by the commu- nity. Scarcely had the officers arrived in sight of the town of Springville before a trumpet was sounded from the walls around the town. This, no doubt, was for the purpose of giving the alarm. The officers were there to make arrests. The officers leave the town, and in a short time a trumpet sounds again from the wall for the purpose of announcing that the danger was over. Witnesses are screened; others are intimi- dated by persons in that community. An officer of this Court goes to Springville, meets the Bishop of the town, asks him about a certain man, for whom he has a writ, he having understood that the man was a scribe in his office. He (the Bishop) tells him that he has gone to Camp Floyd, while the fact is, the person the officer de- sires to find is at the time in sight in the street. We have here a Bishop lying to prevent the service of the process of this Court, and aiding in preventing criminals being brought to punishment. Such are the attempts made to prevent the administration of justice in the courts. Officers are prevented from making arrests; they are thwarted upon all points when they seek to arrest those persons who should be brought to punishment. Such acts and conduct go to show that the com- munity there do not desire to have criminals pun- ished ; it shows that the Parrishes and Potter were murdered by counsel, that it was done by authority. The testimony goes to show that the persons engaged in committing these murders are officers in that community, policemen, and that they have since been promoted for committing these hellish crimes. At the commencement of this term of Court, these persons were to be seen elbowing about the streets with the Bishops and other dignitaries, but now they are not to be found. I say all the facts go to show that those offences were ----- new page (VMSS792_S3_SS14_B17A_F1_I7_p013.jpg) and in violation of [--]s instructions. ? Angry feelings exist in the breasts of many of the offi- cers and of the army, who burn for revenge upon the people for their detention in the mountains in the winter of 1857-8. The storms of winter continue; not a furrow has been ploughed in this county very little in Utah county. We learn that south of Fillmore the road has been ob- structed with snow; there has been very little passing for eight weeks. The Second Judicial district includes the counties of Iron, Washington, Millard, Beaver, Jual, Sanpete, Utah and Cedar, and contains about one third of the inhabitants of this Territory. It extends from the main divide of the Rocky Mountains to Ion. 118, being about 600 miles in length, and from lat. 37 to 41.30. Provo is within 20 miles of the north line of the district, ----- new page (VMSS792_S3_SS14_B17A_F1_I7_p014.jpg) and 120 miles from Fillmore, the place appointed by law for holding the Court Persons are liable to be subpoenaed 400 miles to attend this court. The principal crimes com- plained of by the Judge occurred more than 300 miles dis- tant; it is, therefore, plain that the Judge could have no other object in summarily discharging the Grand Jury than that of placing the people in an unfavorable light be- fore the government. APRIL 1, 1859. The reign of terror still continues in the Second district, although not the least resistance has been shown in any quarter to the will of the Judge or any of his officers. De- tachments of United States troops are charging through the country in pursuit of prisoners and witnesses. On the morning of the 29th a detachment of about 100 dragoons infested the town of Springville, arousing the people from their beds, and searching their houses. But few men were found at home, and none that they wanted. The house of Aaron Johnson was surrounded and thoroughly searched, and found to contain an old woman and twenty-three chil- dren. They demanded of the old woman where Mr. John- son was; she replied that she did not know. The officers inquired in an angry tone, “What the h—l, then, do you know?” She replied, “I know that I have to get breakfast for these children, and then go to ploughing?” Marshal Dotson remarked on his return to Provo, that there must be an air line telegraph to Springville, as he would be d——d if any man knew that he was going to search that town, and yet there was not a man to be found, and even Johnson’s wives were missing. Detach- ments of this kind have been sent in various direc- tions, charged with authority to arrest prisoners and com- pel witnesses to attend court, but what, success they will meet with is uncertain. I have no doubt but that the Sheriffs or Marshals could have made all arrests and se- cured the attendance of all witnesses without any diffl- culty, had not the military power superseded the civil. Under present circumstances, if the Judge continues his hostile movements towards the citizens, hundreds and perhaps thousands of them will flee to the mountains; the women will have to till the fields, while the men are thus compelled to conceal themselves, or a general fa- mine be the result, thereby laying a foundation to make men desperate. Governor Cumming is taking a manly course, in which I understand he is sustained by Mr. Wilson, United States Attorney; but the enemies of his Excellency threaten to put him in irons. But the Governor has a few thousand friends in this country who would dislike to see the vene- rable old hero in irons. The course now pursued by the Judge is to hold Court in Chambers, into which are summoned those who are disaffected or known to be apostates. The question gene- rally asked them is—If they know that any of the Church authorities have committed any misdemeanors? If they say they do not know, they are asked—If they know of any person that would be likely to know of anything of the kind? If they say they do, their names are taken and subpoenas isssued, and thus the military inquisition pro ceeds. Nearly as much time has been consumed by the Judge in this way as was occupied by the Grand Jury on United States and Territorial business, and he has committed no one. Several of the witnesses that he has had arrested and confined in the prison tent he acknowledges there is no testimony against. On Sunday night some rowdies, supposed to be from Camp Floyd, got an Indian drunk, and induced him to throw stones at the guard guarding some United States mules near the court house, upon which orders were given that if a gun was fired at the guard the prisoners should he masssacred. The police have been enabled by strenuous efforts to protect the detachment from the first. This has been the only incident that has escaped their notice. Judge Cradlebaugh remarked a few days ago, in the barroom of his hotel at Provo, that if he could get any Mormon convicted, he would have him executed so quick that there would not be time to get the news to the Gover- nor and have a pardon obtained. GREAT SALT LAKE CITY, April 2,1859. Squally Weather and Rough Times Brewing—Action of Judge Cradlebaugh—General Johnston and the Marshal’s Officers—Governor Cumming and the Mormons in Opposi- tion—Serenade of the Governor by Brigham’s People— Party Divisions in the Territory— Foreign Gatherings and Foreign Oaths—Martial Law Called For—Robberies from Government—Emigration of Saints, &c., &c. Amidst squally weather and squally times do we now write you. Our weather storms are all brewed in the North, and our civil storms all originate in the South; yet they are alike continuous, and ominous of ill; for our weather storms forebode short crops and death to stock, and our civil storms threaten another rebellion and Mor- mon farce, unless Uncle Sam or his Executive has lost his gullibility. ----- new page (VMSS792_S3_SS14_B17A_F1_I7_p015.jpg) Provo is still the point towards which all eyes and ears are turned. Judge Cradlebaugh’s discharge of the Grand Jury is a very withering rebuke upon their inactivity and failure to discharge their duties fearless of consequences and their superiors. The Judge is prosecuting his investi- gations, as a committing magistrate, with an intrepidity, indefatigability, and against greater outside opposition and obstacles than has ever been known in the course of the United States Judiciary. General Johnston seems willing to aid him, by providing quarters ana guards, a la militaire, for the prisoners. The United States Marshal, P. K. Dotson, and his deputies, are active and vigilant in the discharge of their duties; and all lovers of “ law and order,” security of life and property, and a proper punish- ment of criminals of whatever sect or people, heartily co- operate and sympathise with the Judge in promoting the ends of justice, while, strange to say, yet not passing strange to those initiated, in the face of all these efforts— n defiance of law—in the very teeth of the United States government—in detriment to the efficiency of the Judi- ciary—in contempt of the President’s pardon for past treasons—in support of counselled outrages and connivance at crime, Governor Cumming, the Mormon leaders and their satellites condemn Judge Cradlebaugh and his com- peers in their dispensation of justice : the former, in a proclamation protesting against the course pursued by the Judge and the General of the army ; the latter, in a me- morial cajoling, flattering and praying his Excellency, and claiming the President’s pardon as a shield for all their crimes, and crying out for a removal of the troops quar- tered at Provo, fearing, as they allege, a revolt of the loyal citizens—a copy of all which documents, in an issue of the Deseret News, as also a true statement of affairs in the Valley Tan, I send you in company with this. The evening following the posting of the proclamation his Excellency was grandly serenaded by the Mormon brass band, an evidence, I suppose, of their appreciation of his favor and saintly propensities. So, you see, the Dutch have taken Holland, and the rupture between the Governor and General Johnston, which we predicted, has taken place. The two parties, which have never commingled, are now at swords points. Gentiles who came here unpreju- diced and disposed to sympathize with the Mormons in their cry of religious persecution, have had their eyes opened to the iniquities of this people. Murders and rob- beries committed ever since the settlement of this valley, with all their attendant horrors, have been constantly coming to light since the presence of the army. The boasted Mormon loyalty to the United States has shown itself a farce. Their rigid righteousness has turned out a hoax. Their cry of good American citizens has proved a prostitution of the patronym, and their boasted superi- ority and independence of the United States government, with their taunts and derisions of the same, have called forth disgust, whilst their avowed and displayed opposi- tion to the administration of justice by the United States courts has exhausted the last grain of forbearance held by the Gentile portion of the population, and, Jonathan- like, they, to a man, stand ready to vindicate the dignity and authority of their government, if needs be, by giving the traitors a sound drubbing. They call themselves American citizens, whilst one half of them are foreigners, without having even declared their intentions of becoming naturalized, let alone having their papers. And many, upon application for the same, to the Court at Provo, positively swore that they had never raised arms against the United States government, and that they were never enrolled for the late war against the same, whilst the examining officer held .within his hands rolls with their names attached. What reliance can be placed upon such citizens? Verily, none. These notorious facts show an allegiance to their leaders strong- er than they can ever have to the United States govern- ment. Yet, with all these facts staring them in the face, their editors, preachers and writers proclaim that they are persecuted, that the Judiciary is prejudiced, and the United States officials misrepresent them and their work- ings, while the truth is, that Americans conceive not their infidelity, and America paps a horde of traitors. Her courts of justice are of no avail in Utah. With Mormon ju- ries Mormon crimes go unpunished, oven unindicted. In short, our people and rulers must soon awake to the evils of this people and prune them severely, else the dogmas of their fanatical priesthood will gather in numbers and power till their blighting influence will shake the very foundations of our republic, and we be subjected to a baser ecclesiastical dominion than sunk Spain to her present low condition. Indeed, it is their vaunt that Mormonism shall swell in power, regain Missouri, and rule America—then the world. All true followers believe it, and many of the leaders are working every stratagem for it. Their whole legislation, as Judge Cradlebaugh aptly remarks in his charge, has been to frustrate the power of our government over them; and we look upon martial law as the only ready, speedy and efficient remedy now at hand. Were it proclaimed throughout the Territory it would most surely break up their organization here, as they all say they would not live under it. Thus, with the power at hand, might we now rid ourselves of an evil which, if let run riot through the land as it has done, will become one of our greatest troubles and obstacles to a powerful and pros- perous nation. Our latest advices from Provo state that a few nights since the military guard at that place was stoned by the loyal citizens, and upon reporting the same to those in command, the guard were ordered to fire upon a repetition of assaults. We also have a report that the Court has finally adjourned, but since have heard it contradicted, and that the sheriff of Cedar County has been arrested as an accomplice in the Parish murder. We understand that during the winter about 300 mules have been stolen from the government herds, a part of which have been recovered. Quite a large emigration of the Saints from the South has been passing through the city for some days back, bound for a new settlement forming in Weber county. The Eastern mails are still behind hand. ----- new page (VMSS792_S3_SS14_B17A_F1_I7_p016.jpg) OUR MORMON CORRESPONDENCE, GREAT SALT LAKE CITY, April 2, 1859. The Mormons Have been Preparing for the Difficulty—The Court Denounced as an Inquisition—Spring Sowing Stopped, and Farmers Fleeing, etc. The old system was revived in Provo of subpoenaing witnesses, and when thus drawn into court, unsuspectingly arresting them. They were then at once, unsworn and unexamined, turned over to the calaboose of minnies and bayonets. The Grand Jury indicted the two Indians, Mose and Looking glass, for assault and rape. They were not Mormons, however, and, in the striking language of ----- new page (VMSS792_S3_SS14_B17A_F1_I7_p017.jpg) his Honor, the savages were turned loose upon us. The calaboose walls were extended on the 22d by the addition of about eight hundred more soldiers, of all arms, infan- try, dragoons and artillery men, and two sections of their light battery. * * * * * We have been watching for an extension of the judicial tyranny to quarters where it cannot be practised without blood, and have been preparing ourselves for the worst. It is the right, my friend, of every American citizen to revolt against all tyranny, and resist every infringement of his constitutional rights. Every poor apology that could have been made for an attack upon the citizens of Utah had already vanished. The last charge upon the loyalty of Utah was exploded in the acquittal of Ferguson; but this dog paws up the rottenness of long gone slanders, engages in his suite all the vagabonds of the army camp, and frames materials for a fresh crusade. A question is not a libel, is it? May it not be pos- sible there is a price to judicial influence and power away here in the wilds of Utah? And may not that price be within the compass of sutlers’ and contractors’ means? Cradlebaugh has transformed himself into a committing magistrate, has formed a Star Chamber Court, composed of himself, Sinclair, Dr. H. ,a little pettifogger, the Mar- shal, &c., and thence issues writs ad libitum. No man considers himself safe, for some of the most inoffensive and harmless men you ever saw have been arrested, and are now prisoners, enduring the ribald insults of a mili- tary guard. Our spring sowing has been stopped, and for peace sake our farmers are seeking themselves hiding places from that damnable inquisition. ———— OUR PROVO CORRESPONDENCE. PROVO CITY, March 22, 1859. The Mormons Greatly Excited—Apprehensive of Danger, yet Hopeful. The reign of judicial terror that has borne rule for the last fifteen days In Utah county, if continued fifteen more days, will fill all the hiding places west of the Wassatch Range with prominent citizens, as they feel that justice is only found beyond the pale of the Court, while mercy is neither sought nor expected from those who shield its form behind federal steel. Treachery is beginning to break out in the face of her innocent victims, while volumes of writs are being issued in the “Star Chamber’, for those who have been called to testify before the single_ eyed Jeffries of the mountains; and suspected of perjury, the result will be as disastrous to the citizens as an Indian war, provided the cause is not removed and the panic shall continue a few more days. Past acts that were buried, and by the virtue of Mr. Buchanan’s proclamation should have passed into oblivion, are recalled; and for every word, act or deed, in the pulpit or .stand, men are called to give account before the present committing magistrate of the United States District Court. The end is beyond our mortal ken. Peace to Israel, we hope and pray, may speedy be her lot, as it is our prayer. Yester- day the Grand Jury was discharged, with a reprimand, when they reported that they were on the eve of pro- ducing presentments. The trial of John Cazier then went off, and he was proved innocent by the evidence for the prosecution and acquitted, whereupon, with many thanks for past good conduct, they were likewise dis- charged, and the Court resolved itself into that of com- mitting magistrate. Men are subpoenaed as witnesses, and then arrested and committed to the kind care of a military lock up. This gives alarm to all those who have suspicion that envy or malice wishes them any harm, and, to escape martial immolation and a mock trial, they vanish. This is disturbing the equilibrium of the inhabitants, and likely seriously to interfere with agricultural pursuits. What object the Court can have for one thousand troops is a question the citizens frequently propound, and, re- membering Carthage, they inadvertently say “ Beware.” These are the sentiments of the community as far as I can learn. There are no symptoms of a hostile demon- stration by the people that we are aware of. We have hitherto used, and are intending to use, what influence we can to keep the people calm, and particularly our- selves; and let the law, the Court and the troops take their course, relying upon the rectitude of our cause and that source which never fails for the result. Governor Cumming will leave for the city to-morrow. We are hungry for Eastern news. ———— ----- new page (VMSS792_S3_SS14_B17A_F1_I7_p018.jpg) of Mormons that have been hanging back from going to Utah are expected to shake “their dry bones,” sell their possessions, and go on “to beautify Zion.” Instead of selling their garments to buy swords, as aforetime, they are expected to take the axe, the hoe and the shovel, and gather at Florence, Nebraska Territory, their rendezvous, about the commencement of May. Active preparations are now going on out West and in this city, for united ac- tion to push the Mormons through to Utah as soon as the grass on the Plains will serve their oxen, so that they may be early enough there to plant in the fall, and not drop in upon their neighbors in the midst of snow and hard times. This order from “Brother Brigham” will make conside- rable stir among the faithful. There is nobody exempt from it, and “buying oxen, lands, or even taking a wife,” is, in the language of our informant, to be no excuse for lingering behind among the Gentiles. THE MORMONS TO BE NATURALIZED. Among other things the foreign portion of the Mormon community now in the States are expected to take out their naturalization papers and become good citizens of the Union. The frequent charge against the majority of the Utah people, of being of foreign origin and not citi- zens, will thus be remedied in future, and all who intend to be Mormons must observe the injunction to link their destiny with Uncle Sam. MORE COMING FROM EUROPE. We are not, however, by this gathering from the States, to be deprived of the society of the faithful, for those leaving are only to give place for others who are coming. Brother Brigham has sent out an epistle to the Europeans, from which we make extracts. It is a little refreshing to hear from the Prophet after his long silence, and as there is considerable of the peculiarity that distinguishes the man from other mortals about his epistle, we give a por- tion of that which touches this side of the water. He says:— If the European Saints wish to form a handcart company and come through that way, it is their privilege to do so. If they choose to some and locate at some convenient point in Canada, as was talked of last season, that will be all right; for, when we get ready, we can gather them from there as well as from any other place. And if they stay either in Canada or the United States a few years, and see whether they are going to aposta- tize or not before they come here, perhaps it will be a good thing as it will save them the trouble of crossing the Plains twice, and save us a good deal of trouble too. It is often the case that so soon as a man, who never owned a cow or a pig or any living animal, gets here and begins to rise in regard to property, he forgets his God and all that has been done for him, and from thenceforth is not satisfied until he gets back into hell, from whence he came. It is manifestly better for all such persons to remain and even die in the world without gathering at all, so that they die in the faith, than come here only to apostatize and finally go to hell. We would just as soon that the Saints should be sifted and screened in the world awhile as to have it all to do after they get here. We realize that there are many worthy, faithful Saints who are poor and have not the means to emigrate to this place, and that they are exceedingly anxious to do so. Our desire and prayer ie that the way may open before them, that the Lord will so order and direct affairs that they may be delivered from bondage and brought to an in- heritance with his people. But the Lord’s will be done. We feel perfectly clear of having done our duty to the utmost in their behalf, and expect to continue to aid them as fast as it is consistent for us to do so. This we consider the duty of every Saint—to help the poor Saints to gather home to Zion, and use the means with which the Lord has blessed them to promote the cause of truth and righteousness upon the earth We are still living, and expect, when this persecution flows past, as it now is in a fair way of doing, the enemy having failed in all respects in accomplishing their objects, that "Mormonism” will rise higher, be more respected, and extend wider in power and influence than ever before. All is right in Zion. What sifting we are getting will do us no harm. It only illustrates the great truth that none but the humble, sincere and obedient Saint, who lives his religion and serves God, because he loves righteousness and truth, and hates iniquity and wicked- ness, will stand and finally enter the celestial gate. It is understood that the Mormon emigration will be very large this spring from Europe, to this, and probably to other ports, but principally here; so that it may now be fairly concluded that the Mormons mean to profit by the past, and cultivate the arts of peace. The first com- pany of European Mormons is now on the Atlantic—be- tween six and seven hundred strong. Last Monday a small company of the New Jersey Mormons passed through this city en route for the frontiers via St. Louis. News from the Southern Guano Islands. ----- new page (VMSS792_S3_SS14_B17A_F2_I10_p001.jpg) Daily Pennsylvanian. ——————————— DR. E. MORWITZ, PROPRIETOR. ———————— S. D. ANDERSON. EDITOR. ———————————— Philadelphia, Saturday Morning, Jan. 29. Col. Thomas L. Kane. A strong effort was made in Councils to retain the services of Col. THOMAS L. KANE as one of the City Directors of the Sunbury and Erie Railroad. The President of the Road made an especial communication through the Mayor to Councils, mentioning the importance of electing men of character and standing in the commu- nity, and he was seconded by numerous gentle- men, without distinction of party, who were determined to consult the City's interests re- gardless of the dictation of party whippers-in. Col. KANE, during his term as a Director, has devoted much of his time to the duties of that position, and the enterprise has been greatly advantaged by his sound and enlightened views and business sagacity. The best interests of this City and of this great enterprise would have dictated his retention, in a position which he has filled with so much ability, and the gene- ral desire manifested for such a result is a high compliment to his worth. The City could not have a more competent and zealous guardian of her interests, . and it is to be regretted that party feeling and prejudice so often barter these high considerations in the management of our public affairs. ----- new page (VMSS792_S3_SS14_B17A_F2_I11_p001.jpg) FEBRUARY 4, 1859 ?ROM NEW YORK, ilroad station; 73 acres, hest cultivation; new ed water, plenty of fruit prospect on Staten Island and adjacent country; near churches, schools and gentlemen's private residences. For particulars inquire of M. GES- CHEIDT, 11 Wall street, room 16. FOR SALE—A SMALL THREE STORY DWELLING house, 161 East Nineteenth street, fifth house east of Second avenue, north side of the street, complete with every convenience. Apply on the premises between 12 and 4 o'clock. No bill on the house. FOR SALE—A TWO STORY AND BASEMENT COT- tage house, on Palisade avenue, Hudson City, N. J., fif- teen minutes' walk from Hoboken ferry. Terms easy. Ad- dress B., box 32 N. Y. Post office. FOR SALE—A VERY DESIRABLE FARM, AT Shrewsbury; receipts from produce, $2,000 per annum. A large farm on the Harlem on the Harlem Railroad, with stock, &c., to exchange for city property. VAN WINKLE & WINANS, Auctioneers, 41 Pine st. FOR SALE—THE TWO STORY ATTIC AND BASE- ment frame house, filled in with brick, and two brick cot- tages in rear, 119 High street, Brooklyn; lot 25x108; rents for $600 per annum; price $5,000; a large portion may remain on mortgage. Address box 4,119 N. Y. Post office. FOR SALE—THE FOUR STORY STONE FRONT, HIGH stoop house 45 West Twenty-fourth street, between Fifth and Sixth avenues, and near Madison square; has all modern conveniences, and is in perfect order; price $14,500. Apply on the premises, or at 70 Pine street. FOR SALE—LOTS ON THIRTY-SEVENTH STREET, between Madison and Fourth avenues; on Thirty-eighth street, near Fifth avenue; on Forty-first street, near Fifth ave- nue; on Fifth avenue and Forty-ninth street; on Fifty-third street. near Fifth avneue; on Fifty-fourth street, near Fifth avenue; on Fifth avenue and Fifty sixth street; on Fifth ave- nue and Fifty eighth and Fifty-ninth streets. SAM. EDDY, 51 Liberty street. FOR SALE—THE CHURCH AND DWELLING HOUSE, corner of Houston and Greene streets; the dwelling house has all the modern improvements. Inquire of the sexton on the premises. FOR SALE CHEAP—AND LITTLE MONEY DOWN—A two story and garret dwelling house, situated in Washing- ton village, fifteen minutes from Hoboken ferry. Also a house to let, and several lots for sale. Inquire of C. SPENGEMEN, Jersey City, near the ferry, or of JOHN NIEBUHR, on the place. FOR SALE IN BROOKLYN—THE MODERN BUILT house, 309 Henry street, between Harrison and Degraw streets. Three stories, basement and sub-cellar. Will be sold on favorable terms. Inquire of S. DAY, 125 Atlantic street. FOR SALE LOW—A GOOD NEW HOUSE, 38 BY 36 feet, built in modern style, with beautiful piazza on three sides, and two acres of land, situated in Westchester county, 14 miles from New York, near a depot, on the Hudson River Railroad; or will exchange for New York or Brooklyn pro- perty. For further information apply to SAMUEL COCAS, No. 20 Grove street, N.Y. FOR SALE OR EXCHANGE FOR CITY PROPERTY— An excellent farm of 200 acres, with good dwelling, large barn, fine orchard, &c., located in Sussex county. Long Island, near the railroad; no incumbrance. DINGEE & HOLDEN, No. 9 Nassau street, a native of Ireland, and about forty years of age. He is in a very critical condition, and his physician has serious apprehensions as to his ultimate recovery. THE VARICK STREET SHOOTING CASE—The inquest in the case of Martin O'Brien, the young man who was shot by Mr. Ford the proprietor of the grocery store No. 202 Varick street, on Tuesday night, was further postponed until this morning, when Coroner O'Keefe will give the matter a full and fair investigation. The friends and rela- tives of the deceased feel much aggrieved at the statements which have appeared in print relative to the character of the latter, and claim that he was in no way connected with either thieves or rowdies, but, on the contrary, was young man. ----- new page (VMSS792_S3_SS14_B17A_F2_I11_p002.jpg) MORE TROUBLE WITH THE MORMONS.—A tele- HERALD graphic despatch from St. Louis informs us that Judge Sinclair had adjourned the Grand Jury of Utah upon petition of nine of its members, who alleged that the jury was unable to command the attendance of witnesses. It is further stated that there was much bad feeling between the Gentile and Mormon members of the panel, and that "revolvers were freely drawn." Our cor respondence, published in another column, in speaking of the action of the Grand Jury, makes no mention of revolvers. That Utah is still troubled is beyond peradven- ture. Otherwise we should not have two or three thousand troops there, when they can be main- tained at much less expense elsewhere. With the troops there are numerous camp fol- lowers, drunken, fierce and disorderly as camp followers always have been and al- ways will be, without doubt. There are quarrels between these hangers on and the Mormons, as a matter of course, and it is no wonder that " revolvers were freely drawn." The wonder, if any, is that they are not freely used. Let it be understood that we are not de- fending the Mormons nor assailing the Gentiles. We believe that there is blame on both sides. In the first place, the civil officers in Utah have not always displayed that temperance of conduct and calm firmness of judgement so absolutely necessary to the settlement of the troubles in the Territory. Judges Sinclair and Eckels are both charged with attempting to embarrass the settle- ment of affairs, by delaying the action of the President's amnesty, and thereby exasperating, rather than conciliating the Mormons. We do not endorse these charges; but we are in duty bound to call attention to the notorious fact that frontier troubles, Indian wars, and so on, are fostered and encouraged by contractors who are interested in keeping a large body of troops at a 1859. particular depot. The profits upon supplies fur- nished to the army at points remote from the seat of government are enormous; and there is too much reason to believe that the Utah war has been not an affair of the Mor- mons nor of the federal government, but rather of the army contractors, sutlers, and so forth. We are free to say, also, that since the army has been stationed at Salt Lake City, its criminal calendar has swelled to an alarming degree; and we shall regret to see any new difficulties arise to keep the troops there. We believe in fair play for everybody—the Mormons not excepted. ----- new page (VMSS792_S3_SS14_B17A_F2_I1_p001.jpg) 105-A WEDNESDAY, APRIL 6, 1859 INTERESTING FROM UTAH. 105-B Signs of Permanent Peace in that Territory. Memorial of the Legislature to Congress for the Admission of the "State of Deseret" Into the Union. An Epistle of Orson Hyde, the President of the Twelve Apostles—The New Mormon Alphabet Introduced to the Public— Great Emigration from the States and from Europe—A Letter from a Disciple, with Some General News, &c., &c., &c., The Utah mail arrived in this city yesterday, with ad- vices and papers from Great Salt Lake City up to March 9, at which date the Mormon world was moving along in peace and quiet, "marrying and giving in marriage," on the monogamic principle, like the "rest of mankind." The Deseret News had resumed its original dimensions— twice the size of that organ during the war difficulty—and announces a new editor and publisher in the person of "Brother Elias Smith." Elias, in mounting the tripod and assuming its responsibilities, says:—"We shall at all times be governed by the circumstances that attend all enterprises of the kind, reserving the right to do and say what we please, at all times and under all circumstances, and to express our opinion of men and things as we under- stand them, or pass them in silence, just as we please, re- gardless of consequences, so as we tell the truth." A very plain intimation that the new editor calculates to stir up, without any particular apprehension of "coffee and pistols." The Utah Legislature had prepared a number of memo- rials for presentation to Congress, notably the following for the admission of the "State of Deseret" into the Union:— MEMORIAL FOR THE ADMISSION OF THE STATE OF DESERET INTO THE UNION. TO THE HONORABLE THE SENATE AND HOUSE OF REPRESENTA- TIVES OF THE UNITED STATES, IN CONGRESS ASSEMBLED:— Your memorialists, the Legislative Assembly of the Territory of Utah, respectfully represent that in the year 1856, on the 16th day of February, the qualified electors of the Territory of Utah met at the usual places of holding elections in their several precincts, and did unanimously elect, by vote, thirty-nine delegates to a Convention, which Convention met on the 17th day of March, 1856, in Great Salt Lake City, and appointed a President and Secretary, and did proceed to form and adopt a constitu- tion and a republican form of State government for the Territory of Utah, under the name and style of the "State of Deseret," and prepared a memorial to your Honorable body for admission into the Union, and appointed dele- gates to transmit the same to Washington City, D.C., which constitution and memorial were submitted to the people on the 6th day of April, in their several precincts, and by a unanimous vote approved; and whereas said constitution has been presented to your honorable body without receiving that favorable action which our con- stituents desire; and whereas the people of the Territory are abundantly able to support a State government; Therefore your petitioners respectfully pray your hono- rable body to admit the State of Deseret into the Union on an equal footing with the original States, thereby to avoid, in a great measure, the difficulties which naturally hinder the advance of the glorious principles of true republican ism, or government by the people, the only sure basis of permanent government and true liberty. And your me- morialists, as in duty bound, will ever pray. Following this are memorials for the construction of a magnetic telegraph from Sacramento, California, via Great Salt Lake City, to Iowa City; for the establishment of a daily mail from Omaha, N. T., via Great Salt Lake City, to Sacramento; for the unpaid expenses of the Legislative Assembly of their Territory for the sessions of 1856-7 and and 1857-8; for the construction of a national central rail- road from some eligible point on the Missouri river, via Great Salt Lake City, to Sacramento, Cal.; for a donation of lands to cities, towns and villages included within their respective surveyed and recorded plots, and which are ac- tually occupied—the right of soil to be secured by patent issuing from the Land Office to trustees, appointed for the purpose by the inhabitants of their respective cities, towns and villages; the right of soil to be conveyed by said trustees to the settlers upon lots on equitable terms, the proceeds of which shall be applied to a fund for the support of common schools. Finally, and evidently with a view to the possibility of Deseret's admission into the Union being for the time de- layed, the following memorial has been submitted:— ----- new page (VMSS792_S3_SS14_B17A_F2_I1_p002.jpg) MEMORIAL TO CONGRESS FOR THE ELECTION OF GOVERNOR, JUDGES, SECRETARY AND OTHER TER- RITORIAL OFFICERS BY THE PEOPLE. Your memorialists, the Legislative Assembly of the Territory of Utah, respectfully pray your honorable body to so amend the organic act of the Territory of Utah as to extend to the people of this Territory the right of the elective franchise, autboiizing them to elect their own Governor, Judges, Secretary, as well as other officers. Your memorialists would respectfully desire your early attention to this subject. Your memorialisis believe that the appointing of stran- gers as officers over the citizens of the United States in Territories (though a time honored custom), is, to say the least, a relic of British colonial rule, and a direct infringe- ment upon the rights of self-government, and opposed to the genius and policy of republican institutions. Your attention to this important subject is respectfully requested. As your honorable body are well aware that no persons can be so well qualified to administer justice, make laws and execute them, in a Territory, as those citizens of the United States who have reclaimed it from a wilderness, the consummation of this valuable reform is respectfully desired. And your memorialists, as in duty bound, will ever pray. THE NEW MORMON ALPHABET. One prominent and striking feature aonnected with the News just received js the introduction into its columns of the new Mormon alphabet. It is clearly the intention of brother Brigham to have his people go to school again. Every number of the paper is to contain familiar portions of the Bible, so that the people may the more easily ac- quire a knowledge of the new language. As the apostle Hyde says in his epistle, that the Mormons are "a very peculiar people," with many peculiarities—and none doubt him—the language now introduced is calculated to make the faithful still more peculiar than anything that distin- guishes them from other mortals. Gentiles are not likely to take much trouble to acquire a knowledge of the new characters, so that in course of time we may expect to be cut off from much that we have been accustomed to receive from the Rocky Mountains. The characters seem a conglomeration of the Celtic and the phonotypic, and are intended, like the latter, to repre- sent distinct sounds. No classification is made into vowels and consonants, as that is by them considered of little consequence. "The student is, therefore at liberty to deem all the characters vowels, or consonants, or start- ers, or stoppers, or whatever else he pleases." There is no perfection claimed for the system, but the projectors "are sanguine that the more it is practised and the more intimately the people become acquainted with it, the more useful and beneficial it will appear." EPISTLE FROM ORSON HYDE, THE PRESIDENT OF THE TWELVE APOSTLES—BROTHER ORSON EXPLAINS UTAH LEGISLATIVE ENACTMENTS, MEETS CHARGES, WARNS THE WORLD AND BEARS TESTIMONY TO THE DIVINITY OF MORMONISM. TO THE EDITOR OF THE NEW YORK HERALD. GREAT SALT LAKE CITY, March 5, 1859. Though personally a stranger to you, yet a communica- tion from me touching some matters in Utah may not be unacceptable to yourself, neither to the readers of your widely circulating journal. Fault is found with Mormon legislation on account of ex- tensive grants being given to such as are termed "a fa- vored few." Monopoly and usurpation are charged home upon the granters, and consequently the Legislature is considered as acting the subordinate part only, to legalize the avaricious designs and wishes of those whom jealousy and envy denominate "usurpers of the people's rights." Experience, in every country, is the best guide of its Legislature in the framing of laws adapted to its wants. Many persons are apt to complain of legislative enact- ments, more especially while they are ignorant of the facts and circumstances that gave rise to the laws of which they complain. 105-C For example: A herd ground is granted in Utah to A. B. He is, therefore, protected therein by law. It requires some little investment to prepare for herding in a proper manner; cabins for men, sheds and corrals for stock must necessarily be erected. The citizens of this Territory are compelled to dwell together in towns, for mutual protection against Indians. They cannot scat- ter abroad with safety as in other countries; and hence the necessity of providing for growing stock. Many large herds cannot be sustained in the neighborhood of any one town. The quantity of grass is insufficient; and, there- fore, herdsmen must be employed to take away all sur- plus stock—that is, all not required for constant use. Men range through the country and select their herd grounds. They sometimes find barely water enough on their locations for the amount of stock which they contemplate herding. They engage their herd at so much a head per month, move off to their designated locality, erect their cabins, sheds and corrals; but they have no grant, for instance, for their location; hence no protection. By and by along comes another herd, more numerous and more strongly manned than the first, and the second de- clare that they have just as good a right to that section of country for herding as those occupying before them; consequently, having the will and the ability, as the herdsmen say, they "pitch in." By this operation the herdground is soon ruined for both parties, and by the time that winter sets in the grass is all eaten up, when it should be flush. Moreover, strife and contention ensue between the herdsmen, and often something worse, as in the case of ancient Lot and Abraham. But where legisla- tive grants secure to the occupant or occupants the right of any portion of the country for herding purposes, these unhappy occurrences are avoided, and herdsmen feel safe in making all necessary arrangements and investments for ----- new page (VMSS792_S3_SS14_B17A_F2_I1_p003.jpg) herding. If there were no legal protection to this class of men, few could be induced to engage in this indispansable branch of business. The grantees do not expect pay for the grass or water that animals eat or drink. They lay no claim to the soil by virtue of their grants, but they expect pay for watch- ing the stock—for seeing that it goes not estray—that it is not driven off by white or red Indians—that their young are properly cared for; also, the weak and the fee- ble, the lame and the diseased. Our bitterest complainers about monopoly in this matter are generally those who never raised so much as a pig or a chicken in the Territo ry, nor yet anything else—except the devil. These grants are intended to be given to men who are considered responsible—whether to bishops, apostles, priests, presidents or laymen. The interests of stock raisers require such selections. These grants are usually made to continue in force during the pleasure of the Le- gislature. If the grantee or his employes shall not do right, his grant may be repealed at the next session of the Legislature. No person is prohibited from the privilege of settling upon these grants for agricultural purposes, nor from keeping his own stock thereon, provided he guards them himself. The right of herding on these grants for pay is all the right which the grantees do or can claim. It is my opinion that if the army had let out its stock to these grantees to be herded, the work would be done with equal care and attention, and much cheaper than it now is. The grantees would not have felt themselves in- truded upon by other men's herding stock upon their grants if the foregoing plan had been adopted. So much for monopoly in the matter of grants for herding pur- poses. THE CANON GRANTS. 105 - D Timber and wood for fuel are very scarce in this Terri- tory, or, in other words, not in a high state of preservation. They are far up in the mountains. During the first years of our settling in this Territory every man made his own road, or went without one. What were the conse- quences? Broken wagons, broken legs, heads, ribs and arms; also, horses, oxen and mules killed or ruined. This was a sorry business. Experience and necessity, how- ever, suggested a remedy. To construct good and safe roads into the canons would cost from one hundred dol- lars to ten thousand each. The inquiry was, how shall these roads be constructed? If we had made it a volunta- ry affair many would have turned out and made the roads, while others would have done nothing; yet so soon as the roads were made, the drones would be first and foremost to haul out wood and timber. Volunteer labor would not divide equally the work among the people. It was there- fore agreed that some individual or individuals who pos- sessed the enterprise and the means to construct the roads should do it, and charge toll on the same. This plan would cause every man to pay according to the benefit he re- ceived. Grants of canons have, therefore, been made upon this principle by the Legislature, and also by the county courts, which are empowered also to act and to hold supervisory control over the same, to see that wood and timber are not unnecessarily destroyed. Toll is not charged on wood or timber, for these belong to the soil and are the property of the United States; but the roads are not the property of the government, but of indivi- duals; hence they have the right to charge for the use of their own private investments. By us these are consi- dered "rightful subjects of legislation," and we have acted accordingly. The worst wish that I cherish towards those who complain of monopoly in this respect is that they be compelled to get their own wood and timber without roads, and they shall have them toll free. We care not what President, priest or apostle makes the roads, if they are only made; and instead of such persons being regard- ed by us as monopolists and oppressors, we think them entitled to praise for their enterprise. We also think, fur- ther, that if many of the reverend divines in the States were here, making roads into the canons, they would work out a greater salvation than they will where they are. But enough on this subject. Respecting water and water courses we have a word to say. There are laws now in force in various countries upon this subject, differing widely from ours. They were framed for States in which seasonable rains fall from the heavens. Such laws would not suit Utah, where it sel- dom rains during the season of crop growing. Our crops here all have to be watered by artificial irrigation, and if there is any subject in the Territory requiring legislation, this is one. But as our citizens live almost universally in corporate towns, the municipal authorities thereof gene- rally regulate the water. The corporate limits of our cities are usually quite ex- tensive. Two reasons may be assigned for this. First, our farms are situate from one to ten miles distant from the owner's residence in town. This naturally suggests extensive gardening in the city, as it would be quite inconvenient to go or send ten miles for a mess of cucumbers in the morning before breakfast; also, for peas, beans, onions, lettuce, radishes, cabbage, melons, corn, potatoes, squashes, tomatoes, asparagus, and for other vegetables. Besides, the Indians, emigrants and travellers would strip the fields of all these smaller crops where they cannot be under the immediate eye of the owner or that of his family. This requires no small area. Fruit likewise, of every kind, must be raised in the city where it can be protected. Secondly, the municipal authorities must have jurisdiction extensive enough to command the necessary supply of water for irrigation. To effect this they must often control entire streams, even from the points where they issue from the canons. It would be an act of liberality in Congress to donate to the citizens their entire town sites; an act of justice to extend to them the right of entire pre emption. Upon the foregoing subjects I have read some speeches of members of Congress, seen many communications from letter writers, and read some editorials. They all remind me of my child's attempting to tell me about the various countries and governments of Europe, being but five years old, and never having been there But I, having often visited those countries, could readily discover that the child had little or no correct knowledge of that quarter of the globe. That we in Utah are a peculiar people I will not attempt to deny, but most will- ingly endorse the charge. ----- new page (VMSS792_S3_SS14_B17A_F2_I1_p004.jpg) MORMONISM TO FLOURISH. If I mistake not God hath somewhere said that he would raise up unto himself "a peculiar people" in the latter days. Now, should the Latter Day Saints, amid the Rocky Mountains, in the Great Interior Basin, who are everywhere spoken against, and in whose favor few dare speak, on account of jeopardizing their popularity, what- ever may be their secret convictions, prove to be that very "peculiar people," how sadly the world at large will have proved their mistake. We have a peculiar origin, a peculiar history, peculiar institutions, a peculiar spirit, and peculiar views. A peculiar Providence has been exercised over us, and still is; and while we have been opposed, and still are, have not our opposers become surrounded with peculiar circum- stances? And do they not exist in their midst? The wise and discerning may see and answer. We are not like other people. We are not of the world, but are chosen out of the world; therefore the world hate us. The power to make us like other people does not exist on earth. We may be killed, but we cannot be changed. The apple tree may be cut down and burned, but it cannot be changed into any of the trees of the forest. What will Congress do with us? We seem to be a stone of stumbling and rock of offence. To sustain an army here to watch us is rather an expensive business. Some say, however, that expense is not to be considered. This will do very well for talk or verbosity. But a constant drain of the treasury must be considered and felt. Some think if the army were withdrawn we would "turn up Jack," and knock the bottom out of Great Salt Lake and drown the Chinese. But what shall be done, or, in other words, what is best to be done? I can answer the question; yet who will believe me? Everybody, "after the horse is stolen." It will be best for Congress if they admit us as a State. This is the cheapest and best method to dispose of Utah. Will they believe it now? Probably not. It will prove better for the Latter Day Saints if they shall not be ad- mitted. Will they believe this? Not likely. Yet time, that eloquent, logical expounder, will demonstrate the fact. Suppose the government do nothing at all with us, and subsequently wish it had? Then suppose it should do something with us, immaterial what, and afterwards regret that it did not do differently? Would this prove anything? To the wise and discerning it would, but to the jealous and blind it would not. Time, however, reveals all things. We have no disposition to "turn up jack," whether the army go or stay. We wish to do right, and serve our God. The praise and honor of this world we neither covet nor desire; neither do we wish to do anything to unright- eously offend mankind. Yet we rather offend man than God. Suppose the Supreme Ruler of all has given us a dispen- sation of truth, light and knowledge, and we prove re- creant to the high trust committed to our care; and for lack of moral stamina we succumb to worldly influences, should we not be like salt that has lost its savor, and thenceforth good for nothing? Heaven would reject us, despise, yet possibly pity us; and all our opposers would curse us forever for yielding to their spirit, by reason of which they are forever lost But if we stand to our in- tegrity, come peace or war, come famine or plenty, come riches or poverty, come chains, prisons or liberty, or, in short, come life or come death, heaven will help us, an- gels honor us, glorified spirits welcome us, and devils will fear us. If this article shall not produce some singular thoughts and feelings in those who may read it, it will fail to be a faithful medium between the writer and them. Though an apostle in the Church of Jesus Christ of Lat- ter Day Saints, I feel it a heavy tax upon my modesty to claim the title; yet duty urges me to stand up to it, and to honor it in bearing a testimony that shall prove a savor of life unto life, or of death unto death. Though many persons among us may apostatize, and turn away from the church, yet they are like so many sparks or scales flying from beneath the strokes of the smith's forming hammer. Mormonism is true and faithful, and it will abide forever. The seeds thereof are sown, by the labors of our faithful elders, in every land. All the truths and falsehoods pub- lished by letter writers and by apostates, by priests and by people, serve only to make the subject notorious. Well did the sacred writer say, "Ye can do nothing against the truth, but for the truth." If every Latter Day Saint upon the earth were butchered to-day (a thing not likely to occur) the Almighty could as easily lay his finger upon a second Joseph Smith, upon a second Brigham Young, and upon a second Twelve Apostles, as he did upon the first, and charge them with the same spirit, only more abundantly. A fresh commu- nication from Heaven upon the seeds of truth already sown, but lying dormant in the hearts of men and women, would produce an effect similar to that produced upon the sleeping vegetation of earth by the gentle showers of spring. When God sets out to accomplish a work among men, mortals, with all their power, skill and wisdom, op- pose him in vain. Joseph Smith was a prophet of the living God. He was His servant, not yours, except for Jesus' sake; and who are you that condemn another man's servant? Brigham Young is a faithful witness of that truth which will judge the nations. The Latter Day Saints are the people of God. Hear it, oh, ye rulers, and ye people; listen together! May God, in mercy, incline your hearts to consider! He who opposes or vexes God's people makes thorns for his feet and beards for his eyes. Although a fallible being, possessing flesh and blood, yet my testimony must be heard. I wish well to mankind, and deeply sympathize with them in their condition in this world of sin and woe; yet this sympathy must not be allowed to weaken my tes- timony of the truth. I am, sir, very respectfully, your obedient servant, ORSON HYDE. LETTER FROM A DISCIPLE. GREAT SALT LAKE CITY, U.T., Feb. 26, 1859. The past you know and with the present you are not altogether a stranger. Even now, though some find room for complaint, I will not grumble; for, in philoso- phical moments, I am forcibly led to the conclusion that, in spite of every contending element and giant effort to misrepresent, abuse and force us into trouble, we shall yet prevail and take the position to which a righteous course and correct principles lead us. We feel that the ----- new page (VMSS792_S3_SS14_B17A_F2_I1_p005.jpg) Lord is with us, and will in [page is torn] wisdom necessary to keep us out of the snares laid for us, and that He will also raise up men in the nation that will seek for justice to us and treat us as other citizens of the Union. THE NEW GOVERNOR. Governor Cumming seems to be doing as well as any stranger to the Territory could reasonably be expected to do. He has not passed through the hardships of the first settlers, and probably does not feel as keenly as we do on many matters. Nevertheless there is confidence ex pressed in him by those who should know him, that he will set his face against cliqueism; and that is about all that we care about. He showed no lack of pluck when some of his brother officials tried to dodge him on one im- portant occasion. As soon as travelling is good he goes to Carson Valley to settle things there. He is bound to sus- tain the ruling authorities in that valley, if their course has been on the square, in spite of clamorous partisans. He sees clearly enough that it would be risky policy to urge the removal of Mormon Probate Judges on account of Gen- tile prejudices, while, at the same time, all the superior federal offices are filled by strangers to the Territory, con- trary to the wishes of its inhabitants. THE JUDGES AND THE COURTS. 106 - B We did expect that when Judge Eckels left the Territory his associates on the bench would be a little prudent, and however badly they might feel towards us, that they would have sense enough to keep from openly avowing it but alas! his back was scarcely turned on the city before the [page is cut off for the next few lines] only Associate Judge then in the Territory commenced t[-] operate with the same hostile clique. The President'[-] pardon was, fortunately, in the way. The Judge ha[-] not been honored—had not been consulted—and therefore, the President, the Commisioners and the ne[-] Governor and their performances were only so much ba[-] derdash; and but for the timely arrival of the Prosecuting Attorney he would already have entered upon the exami- nation and trial of all the inhabitants of this Territory for treason. The plan was too clumsy; the most blinded could not fail to see that it was never intended for aught else than to create excitement and to lead to difficulty. It was rumored that the Presidency would never go to court to submit to any trial, and this proceeding was intend- ed to force an issue and bring in the army as posse comitatus. That would have been very interesting—no doubt of it; but the good sense and logic of the Attorney quashed that plan before a writ was issued. The next operation was to go back to 1857, to try and raise an excitement over the charge preferred against Lawyer Ferguson for intimidating the ex-Mormon Judge, G. P. Stiles, in the discharge of his duty. Stiles is not here; and, to enable this affair to take shape and come into court, another official had to link some personal family difficulty which existed between him and Fergu- son, and with the two charges together they managed to start the examination. Ferguson disavowed the charge of alleging aught against the official's family, as he never knew them, and offered to make as full a statement to that effect, as the charge had been made public. After a time, evidently, this could be taken no further. The great point sought, however, was partially obatined. President Young was this time summoned to court as a witness, and whilst the greatest pretension of courtesy was made to the ex-Governor before and on the occasion, it was their fullest expectation that he would disregard the summons; and the whole army, if necessary, was to command his attendance. Governor Young was early in the court, ac- companied by Governor Cumming, and, the business done, retired in peace as he came, to the great mortifica tion of those who had counted on a scene. The Court was opened on the 4th of October last, but not construing his term of sixty days according to "Bau- vier," Judge Sinclair adjourned it from week to week, and only sat a little over thirty days, averaging about one hour per day. During this time the lawyers did considerable squabbling, and manifested no little tact in pettifogging. The only persons benefitted were the "limbs of the law," the jurists and some officials, who, with nothing better to do, were glad of the support it furnished them. The people were sick of this brawling, dodging and manœuvring, and but for the annoyance it caused them would have taken no notice of its existence. The Judge ruled that the United States Marshal and Attorney were the proper officers of the Court in all the counties of the Territory, and that he would recognise no others, thus setting aside the sheriffs, county and Territorial officers, and placed the selection of juries and executors of judi- cial edicts entirely out of the reach of the citizens of the Territory, who are thereby reduced to a state more de- grading than colonial vassalage. This decision is in di- rect violation of the laws and precedents of every Terri- tory during the present century, as far as my knowledge extends, and has its precedent alone in a similar decision during the administration of the elder Adams, which caused the Territory of Kentucky to threaten rebellion and annexation to the Spanish, which was, however, pre- vented by the administration "backing down." 106-B The Judge stated in court, as is generally understood by way of threat, that if the Legislature did not furnish the funds to support the Court, he should immediately apply to Congress, and it would do it. Judging from the man- ner in which federal courts have made expenses in this Territory, it is my candid opinion that one year's courts would be sufficient to bankrupt every county in the Terri- tory, and if the Legislature should attempt to support by taxation the court expenses, that it would be their "politi- cal grave." The most rigid economy and careful industry is necessary to support a civilized existence in this desert country, and the Judges that have been sent here have made bills to nearly the amount of half a million of dollars, on United States business. Rich and liberal as the federal government may be, it has, up to the present, left that unpaid, and the judicial paper is not worth one cent on the dollar, and the whole Territorial revenue would be insufficient to pay one-fourth of the expenses incurred by one term of Judge Drummond's court in 1855. I am no lawyer, but a taxpayer, and cannot help speculating on these things, and cannot see how matters are to be mended. We do not know how our affairs here look to you folks in the East, but we think it would do our bitterest oppo- nents good to look at us; I mean those who are opponents from principle and conviction. There is a fatality that attends the men who seek to bring trouble upon us. Every move to make disturbance fails, and these efforts are the evidence that we now present to the nation for our ----- new page (VMSS792_S3_SS14_B17A_F2_I1_p006.jpg) former discontent. The officials sent to us, with few excep- ptions, instead of breaking down our prejudices against them, from the bad behavior of their predecessors, associate with our vilest unprincipled enemies, who stop at nothing to calumniate men who have been their best friends. In- stead of this, had they associated with our most respected citizens, and made no difference between Jew and Gentile, they would have shown a disposition to allay feelings and to establish peace and good feeling among the people. While we see evening gatherings in the upper room of a well known liquor store, and know that the "oil of joy" is freely used by men whom we see elsewhere during the day, and whose positions we are expected to respect, it takes a considerable amount of charity to conclude that all is right, and that the game played by Drummond & Co. to get the army here, is not played over again to keep it here. It is a significant fact that every sutler of the army is a merchant, and every merchant is a liquor dealer. The army gone, their plunder of the treasury is over. THE PREACHING AND EDUCATION MOVRMENT. After nearly seven months silence we again hear the voice of the apostles in the Tabernacle. To avoid all pre- text for difficulty, it was deemed prudent to discontinue public meetings. Now that the feelings of the inhabitants have calmed down, since their return from the South, and the strangers have had time to sober down and not be able to plead ignorance when meddling unnecessarily, there will be preaching now every Sunday. The first meeting was held on Sunday, January 2. After the open- ing by the choir, Bishop Heywood followed in prayer, and President Orson Pratt delivered the first of a series of lec- tures on the Divine Authenticity of the Book of Mormon. The Tabernacle was filled, and strangers numerous in the congregation. The opening caused general rejoicing throughout the city. President Orson Hyde preached last Sunday from the text: "Come out of Babylon, oh, my people, lest ye partake of her sins and receive of her plauges." 106-C President Orson Hyde is teaching grammar school President Orson Pratt is teaching elementary and higher mathematics, Judge Z. Snow is keeping evening school and teaching arithmetic, grammar and geography. A Ger- man school is opened by E. Schonfeld, and a French school by Octave Ursenbach. Social parties are becoming frequent. There is a circus in the city, and the outsiders have their soirées. What with them all and the continual effort of the Valley Tan to stir up strife, you will perceive that our city this winter has been greatly changed from that of last year. We expect a large emigration next summer, and not improbable the elders will be sent out again in large numbers to the nations of Europe. This shaping of things for peace and the ordinary routine of business vexes the enemies of Utah and leads them to the course of which I have written in the commencement of this letter. "Truth will prevail." THE MORMONS IN THE STATES. When the first intimation of trouble reached Salt Lake City, in July, 1857, messengers were immediately de- spatched to this city and to Liverpool, to the presiding au- thorities of the Mormon church in both places, to stop at once their emigration, the Mormon paper, then published in this city, announced the arrival of the messengers, inti- mated a lively sense of coming danger, told the faithful to give up preaching, stay at home and "mind their own business," and then announced that its own end had come. Those who had "sold their possessions" in Europe, "to gather to Zion," were told to stay at home if they could; but if not, to come over to the States or to Can[--]. Everything in Europe where the Mormons had their or- ganizations was thus placed on the war policy. The el- ders were "released to go home"—a kind of ambiguous phrase corresponding to "let those who are ignorant [---] ig- norant still"—and every man who was free and could car- ry a gun and use it was invited to rally round the standard of liberty, and be prepared, if required, to fight "for constitutional rights, made sacred by the blood of the heroes of 1776." All this was, and all this has passed away, and we have now SIGNS OF PERMANENT PEACE IN UTAH. During the last few weeks there has been an agent of the Mormon church in this city Doing every kind of busi- ness for ex-Governor Young and the people in that Terri- tory, of a peaceful character, and, to some of our mer- chants, business of a very agreeable character. Gen. H. S. Eldredge, the Mormon agent, informed our reporter that he had now paid every bill that was due by Brigham Young as "Trustee in trust" for the Mormon church at the breaking out of the difficulties eighteen months ago. On cash matters it would seem that the Mormons have a good name. During the darkest hour of their troubles last year, Gen. Eldredge, who was then in St. Louis, was ordered, under no consideration whatever, to purchase any paper against the Mormon church for less than 100 cents per dollar. Some of the merchants in this city who had very heavy bills unsettled would not even take 90 cents per dollar for Brigham's paper during the panic. They had confidence in the Mormon chief, and this time evidently not wrongly placed. In addition to heavy purchases of goods made in the city, Gen. S. Eldredge has been around and bought up con- siderable machinery for the manufacture of such things most in demand in the new settlements of a domestic character. The rush for powder, ball and firearms of last year has given place to a demand for cotton yarn, "spinning jennies," and other fixings of a more social order, and things that will tell better in the end than the combination of charcoal and brimstone. Just before the General left Salt Lake City the Mormons had got their first steam engine in motion. It was an affair only of some twenty horse power; yet the novelty of anything going by steam in their mountain home had created quite an interest, of a favorable charac- ter to home manufacture. GENERAL EMIGRATION FROM THE STATES. At the commencement of the Utah difficulties there were were many Mormons in the States ready to go "home;" but, as before observed, the order to stop emigration came, and put everything to a stand still. "President Young has now opened the door of emigration." All the 106 - C ----- new page (VMSS792_S3_SS14_B17A_F2_I2_p001.jpg) The New-York Times. ? NEW-YORK, MONDAY, APRIL 11, 1859. cases progresses. Many are present [---] [---] [---] Among them John Kelly, Sheriff; John Cochrane, M.C.; John Clancy, County Clerk ; Captain Dowling, and Owen W. Brennan. Mr. Bagioli has returned to New-York. UTAH. Proceedings in the Territorial Court—The Army at Camp Floyd—General Items of News. Correspondence of the New-York Times. GREAT SALT LAKE CITY, Friday, March 11,1859. On Tuesday, 8th instant, the United States Dis- trict Court, Second District in this Territory, com- menced a session in Provo City, Utah County, Judge CRADLEBAUGH presiding. After the swearing in of the Grand Jury, His Honor proceeded to deliver his charge. He made a violent attack upon the Legisla- ture of the Territory, and charged it with making laws calculated to destroy the ends of justice, and bind his hands from performing the duties of United States Judge, and imputing to the body the most sinis- ter motives. Judge CRADLEBAUGH has secured the services of a company of infantry, 100 strong, while;he holds Court in Provo. He has said, that he obtained them to guard a “ calaboose” for prisoners, as he was certaiu there would be a great number. When the soldiers entered Provo they were about to camp on the citi- zens’ private property, raise their tents in the yards, and interfere with the arrangements and rights of the people ; and did not hesitate to insult and threaten when remonstrated with. When the Judge had de- livered a few sentences of his charge to the Jury the infantry surrounded the Courthouse and encamped there until the adjournment of the Court. The in- habitants have all the time manifested the greatest or- der ; and they desire to assist all in their power to carry out the object and designs of the Court ; but they feel indignant at the menace of bayonets. At the Supreme Court held on the 28th day of Au- gust, 1858, at Fillmore City, Chief Justice ECKELS and Associate Justice SINCLAIR present, it was ap- pointed that the Second District Court should be held at Fillmore City, commencing on the first Monday in each November Judge CRADLEBAUGH, however, has seen fit, on his own responsibility, to hold a Court at Provo, in March, 1859. The inhabitants must be si- lent and quietly acquiesce, or be branded with the stigma of withstanding the authority of the United States Judges. The soldiery are kept under strict discipline,and seem to be snugly quartered for the Winter. This season has been unusually long, and the times consequently harder, but everything is sought and arranged for the comfort of the men. A large room has been erected for a theatre, and several popular; pieces have been successfully performed. The company is composed chiefly of the soldiery, who act their parts with great credit and talent ; the rest is made up of Mormons. Gen. JOHNSTON is much beloved by the army here, and the highest opinion is entertained :of him by the inhabitants of the Territory generally, as a high- minded gentleman and noble officer, whose desire it is to preserve peace and good feelings with the in- habitants. The same cannot, however, I regret to say, be stated of many other officers of the army. Some of them have manifested a disposition to create a collision between the army and civilians. No small amount of stealing is carried on by some of the hangers-on and part of the soldiery ; several of the latter have been drummed out of quarters, and banished their corps. That is, however, a step to be regretted, as there is no place so well calculated to punish them as in the Army, and they are now let loose on society, from which they must steal a living and an outfit for other parts. This is the longest Winter ever experienced in this Territory. The snow has been on the earth since the middle of November, 1858, and there is no ap- pearance of its breaking at present. Indeed, it snows severely while I write. It has, however, not been so cold as some years past. The teamsters who arrived here late in the Fall, who have no employment, have spent, long ago, their little means, and now live bountifully on the old settlers, by their pickings. Stealing and burglary prevail to an extent altogether unprecedented in the history of the Territory, and it is certain that the herds throughout the country will suffer materially when the gates of snow are loosened from their icy hinges, and the way open for the egress of emigrants. The meat store of Mr. BROCKBANK, in this city, was broken open last week and a great quantity of meat stolen therefrom. The thieves turned out to be dis- charged teamsters from the contractors’ trains. The Humboldt Indians have traveled round to Toole Valley recently, and driven off a number of stock belonging to the citizens in that and this valley. They seemed incensed, and state the cause was owing to the Superintendent of Indian Affairs behav- ing shabbily and meagerly on his last visit to them. He gave them a shirt each and three charges of powder. They went from him, and forthwith dis- charged the powder, and expressed their indignation. To wreak their vengeance they now steal the stock of the settlers. Whether their declarations are true or not I cannot say, but it is much to be regretted if any cause of that kind should exist. Preaching is attended to as usual in the Tabernacle on Sunday, and in the several Ward School-houses, and the doctrines of Mormonism enunciated for the benefit of the passer through, and to strengthen the brotherhood. It is currently reported here that the army will be removed in the Spring, a movement which will affect as a matter of course the trade of the Territory; but it will likewise draw off the influx of gamblers, black- legs and thieves, and their concomitant influences, drunkenness, debauchery and crime, which so much annoy the citizens generally. The California mail arrives here very regularly, weekly, by the new route, which is much appreciated by the inhabitants. Generally the eastern mail has [---]ved very regularly, which is a source of great ac- commodation in keeping us posted with the sayings and doings of the rest of the world. ----- new page (VMSS792_S3_SS14_B17A_F2_I3_p001.jpg) ?THURSDAY, FEBRUARY 10, 1859. WASHINGTON UNION. THE NEW YORK TIMES AND THE MORMONS. The Times has a moot happy faculty of building a fine castle for the mere enjoyment of pulling it down. The Times is distressed that the government ever sent a military expedition to Utah, and is convinced that the “rebellious people” are now engaged in a concerted movement to prevent the execution of the laws in that Territory. Pretty much everything, in the opinion of our amiable cotemporary, is wrong. The President is a blunderer, the Mormons are wicked conspirators, the laws submitting the question of punishment to jurors a sad failure, the army is in- efficient, the war was wrong, the peace was wrong, Gov. Cumming is a dupe, and the country owes a whole world of gratitude to the New York Times for exposing this frightful series of mistakes and blun- ders. Our cotemporary’s glasses magnify too much ; so much, we fear, as to obscure objects near by. When murders and robberies are committed by thou- sands in our great cities, and management does what good lawyers might not be able to do as well, ig- nore indictments or acquit an acknowledged criminal, very little of the Times’ watchfulness is excited. It is only when other people fail that the eyes of our cotemporary are opened to the evil. It is not un- likely, quite true that the efficiency of a jury is made questionable as an agency of government in the Mormon country. Instances are not unfrequent in the city [---] [---] York of like failure. Geor- gia and [---] [---]lina recently, Louisiana and Alabama a little while ago, and all the northern States of the Union in the course of the execution of the fugitive-slave law, are notable examples of the failure of our admirable jury system to execute jus- tice in all cases. Every great good is apt to have in the immediate neighborhood some corresponding evil. We do not doubt at all but we shall have more or less trouble in Utah in executing the laws ; but the cases of failure will be exceptional—not suf- ficient to impeach the President of wrong in termi- nating the conflict between the Mormon people and the federal government. The Times, in following its correspondent to conclusions, becomes a mere parti- san. What would that paper do? Would it restore the old order, recall Gov. Cumming, reinstate Brig- ham Young, or renew the war? Would it substi- tute martial law and military government for its ob- jectionable jury system? Would it cut the throats of the Mormon people or have them to cut our throats? Is it desirable, indeed, that by the policy of the government we should create castes—two po- litical systems, the republican and theocratic? The Times is far more critical than sensible—more ex- pressive in denouncing what has been done than wise in pointing out what ought to be done. Capac- ity to see the faults of others is not always accom- panied by very clear perceptions of what is neces- sary to remedy them, and to substitute just measures in their place. So we apprehend the Times must be indulged in the exclusive work of complaint. ----- new page (VMSS792_S3_SS14_B17A_F2_I4_p001.jpg) An unpleasant conflict of authority has occurred in Utah between Gov. Cumming and Gen. Johnston, commander of the mili- tary forces in the Territory. It appears that the U. S. District Judge for Utah, Hon. J. Cradlebaugh, being about to hold a Court at Provo, and certain persons being under ar- rest for crime, and there being no jail at that place, mande a rebuisition on Gen. Johnston for a military guard, and he sent him one company which acted in that capacity. Af- terwards. there being indicationsof resistance to the action of the Court on the part of the Mormons, Gen Johnson sent additional force into the neighborhood, to aid the first de- tachment in case of necessity. Gov. Cueming, on arriving at the town, disapproved of what had been done, and wrote Gen. Johnson, requesting the with- drawal of the troops, communicating at the same time his instructions from the Govern- ment, authorizing him to employ the troops when necessary as a posse comitatus in sup- port of the civil authority, and expressing his belief that no such necessity then existed. Gen. Johnson replied, stating under what authority he had acted, and declined to with- draw the troops. At Judge Cradlebaugh’s Court, it is re- ported that the Grand Jury, who were Mor- mons, refused to find indictments against those of their faith, in palpable cases of guilt, and that the pettit jury refused to convict of- fenders. and the Judge found it necessary to adjourn the Court in despair of accomplish- ing anything in the way of the trial and pun- ishment of offenders. He proceeded as a magistrate, to examine witnesses and make investigations in relation to several offences, and to arrest and retain the offenders, with the aid of the military power at his command. Such was the state of things at the last ad- vices—presenting certainly not a very flatter- ing prospect of quiet and the enforcement of the laws and the administration of justice in the ordinary way in Utah. The collision of views and authority between the United States officials is to be regretted, as it weak- ens the influence of the government over the Mormon population. From the statements it would seem that Gen. Johnson is strictly right in-his action and cannot probably be charged with any vi- olation of military discipline and subordina- tion. Gov. Cumming evidently adopted the the- ory, on entering the Territory, that the only mode of governing, the Mormon population of Utah was by allowing them full participa- tion in the administration of the laws and casting upon them the responsibilities of self- government. He may be right, and we in- cline to think he is, if we are to continue to manage the Territory under its present or- ganization. At all events, we do not see how any other practical result is to be reached, without a repeal of the Territorial govern- ment and the substitution of martial law or some other mode of government which will not depend for the exercise of its functions on the Mormon population. LIMESTONE [---] ----- new page (VMSS792_S3_SS14_B17A_F2_I5_p001.jpg) ?The New-York Times, torily and sen[---] clause was struck out. Affairs in Utah. In spite of “the war,” and the “Peace Commission,” and the general amnesty, and all the other incidents of the great Utah campaign, things, by the last accounts, contained in the TIMES’ correspondence and published yesterday, seem to be in precisely the same condition in the Salt Lake Valley as before the troops marched at all. We have certainly not punished “the inso- lence” of the Mormons, and it seems now that we have neither restored the authority of the Federal Government nor secured the adminis- tration of the laws. One of the causes which led to the fitting out of the Utah Expedition, and the fulmination of the Buchananite thun- ders by which its march was heralded, was the contempt with which the Mormons treated the United States, and the open resist- ance which they offered to their authority. They have not, it is true, since the army reached its destination, drawn their revolvers on a Judge on the Bench, or threatened to drag him off it for attempting to do his duty; but they are adopting means of frustrating the action of the laws, which, though less violent, are just as effective. They form a majority on the grand and petty juries, and bully their colleagues into compliance with their will. The consequence is, that offences against the Government or against the rights of the Gen- tiles go entirely unwhipped of justice. A con- viction cannot possibly be obtained as long as the population of the Territory is fairly repre- sented in the jury box, and the majority of it holds the United States Government and laws and people in utter abhorrence. The grand jury has recently ignored bills against notorious offenders, without having or expressing the smallest doubt as to the credibility of the evi- dence which was brought before them. This is clearly a much more effective means of re- sistance than barricading the canons, or fight- ing a battle on the plains, and one with which Governor CUMMING will find it much more diffi- cult to deal. As long as the Territory is gov- erned by the civil law, trial by jury must re- main the only means of punishing offences ; and just so long, or at least till the tide of popu- lation from the East reaches the Territory, must Mormons compose the majority of the juries. It is doubtless a most unfortunate and de- plorable circumstance that any civilized com- munity acknowledging the jurisdiction of our own Government and calling themselves our fellow-citizens, should behave with such criminal absurdity ; but the case derives, nevertheless, a comical aspect from the lame and impotent conclusion which it forms to the first great undertaking of Mr. BUCHANAN’s Presidential term. We all remem- ber how opportunely in that early period of his administration, before he had yet fully realized the enormous disproportion which existed be- tween his position and his capabilities, this Utah war filled up the interval of doubt and hesitation from which all great men suffer in undertaking onerous duties. The public ex- pected him to do something striking, and he was anxious to do it, and the Utah war was the first thing at hand. It had one strong recommendation, and that was the outlet it afforded for money—and, in addition to this, it promised in a few months to turn out a re- markable military achievement. When the ----- new page (VMSS792_S3_SS14_B17A_F2_I5_p002.jpg) money had flowed pretty freely, however, and the fighting was just about to begin, the President's heart failed him, and he came to the conclusion that martial glory did not suit his administration after all —so he sent out “ Peace Commissioners.” In spite, however, of the most astute presump- tions, he fell down between two stools, and he ended by making neither peace, nor war, for the Mormons would neither fight nor treat. Under these very embarrassing circumstances, the only thing he could think of was to pardon everybody, so he proclaimed a general amnes- ty, for which nobody asked, and which, it ap- pears now, nobody accepted. Governor CUM- MING, it is true, is in Salt Lake City, but there the matter ends, and we must say we think he might have been placed there with less trouble and expense, and we do not see what purpose he serves. The armies and the proclamations have effected no great change. In spite of his great distance from the scene of action, Mr. BUCHANAN is evidently held in as small account there as he is here. What is to be done now ? is the question. United States Judges and officials are of no use without juries to protect them and enforce the laws. Martial law would of course vindi- cate the Federal supremacy at once, but there is no valid excuse for establishing it. Peace reigns in the Territory, and the authority of the United States is nominally acknowledged. Mr. BUCHANAN cannot establish courts-martial because grand juries ignore bills of indict- ment, and petty juries refuse to convict—and, more unfortunate still, there is nobody to de- clare war against, nobody to pardon, and no more money to spend, and in a year from the 4th of March next even hope will have left him. What a position for a patriot and a sage! ----- new page (VMSS792_S3_SS14_B17A_F2_I6_p001.jpg) From Washington—Complicity of the Mor- mons with the Indians—Appointments— Contracts, &c. WASHINGTON, Saturday, April 30: Dr. Forney, Superintendent of Indian Af- fairs for Utah, writes to the Indian bureau, under date of March 18th, that he is in poss- ession of such reliable information as leaves no doubt of the complicity of the Mormons in the Mountain Meadow massacre, and that after which, there was distributed among the leading Church dignitaries $30 worth of property. Several children who escaped were in his (Forney's) care, and arrange- ments had been made to restore them to their friends in Arkansas. Messrs Snow and Alston have been awarded the contract for making the survey of the Western boundary. Cornelius O. Flinn has been removed as Postmaster at Detroit, and Henry N. Walk- er appointed in his place. The Post-office Department have had this case under con- sideration for some months. Francis Lousada has been recognized by the President as British Consul for Massa- chusetts and Rhode Island, to reside at Bos- ton. Thomas S. Sutter, of New Jersey, has been appointed public gardener, vice Mahr, deceased. George Gideon, Harmon Newell, Andrew Lawton and John Farran, have been appoin- ted Chief Engineers in the Navy. Obadiah B. Curran has been appointed Postmaster at Ithaca, N. Y. Mr. Davidge, President of the Pacific Mail Steamship Company, is one of the bidders for the contract for carrying the mails to California, and William Chase Barney has put in several propositions for the same ser- vice, via Nicaragua and different routes.— The competition appears animated, and there is a probability that the services will be per- formed at a price lower than the amount of the postages. It is not known whether Ex-Congressman Greenwood, of Arkansas, will accept the ap- pointment of Commissioner of Indian Affairs recently tendered him. ----- new page (VMSS792_S3_SS14_B17A_F2_I7_p001.jpg) any number on comparatively small ones, and a lighter and more pliable cable, the two continents may yet be united by an electric chain. ? A PLEA FOR THE FRANKING PRIVILEGE.—One of the newspaper correspondents out in Utah alludes to the arrival there of some twenty-five sacks of public documents, speeches, &c., sent there under the frank of Mr. Bernhisel, the ho- norable delegate from that Territory, and com- putes that the cost of transportation of these precious and valuable documents was over $10,000. We do not know that any better il- lustration could be given of the policy of con- tinuing the franking privilege. Here is a con- signment of public documents made to the Mor- mons, at a vast expense to the government, if nothing but the cost of transportation is con- sidered; and no one believes for a moment that there are ten persons in the whole Territory of Utah who will ever derive any advantage or in- formation from the heap. The documents will, in all probability, be converted to the same uses that such documents are turned to in Washington—that is, to serve as wrapping pa- per for grocers and chandlers and butchers. And is it not extremely considerate in the ge- neral government to supply the tradesmen of Salt Lake City with such conveniences and at a cost of $10,000 ? That fact, of itself, ought to convince these rampant Mormons of the kind- ness and liberality of the government towards them. What though the twenty-five sacks full of printed matter might not be worth $100 in a bookseller’s store, still the generosity of the government in supplying them free of expense is no less apparent than if the contents were most valuable. It must be recollected, too, in this connection, that were it not for the possession of the frank- ing privilege by Senators and members of Con- gress, not one-tenth of the rubbish that is now printed at the public expense would ever go into the printer’s hands. Abolish the franking privilege, and that worst source of plunder and corruption—the public printing of Congress— would soon dry up, while the Post Office De- partment would be made self-supporting. The Senate at the last session made such a praise- worthy movement, but their good intention was defeated by the House, whose members are more dependent on Buncombe than are the Senators. We hope, however, that proper steps will be taken next session-—not by an amend- ment to an appropriation bill, but by an origi- nal measure—to abolish this much abused privi- lege. It is said that some Congresses ago a Western member used to frank home his soiled linen and have it exchanged for clean, also under frank; and it is certain that to this day it is abused almost as badly. At all events, we do not want, in the present state of the trea- sury, to pay $10,000 for the transportation of wrapping paper to Salt Lake City for the bene- fit of its tradesmen. ----- new page (VMSS792_S3_SS14_B17A_F2_I8_p001.jpg) WASHINGTON CITY. TUESDAY, FEBRUARY 8, 1859. Business Notice. As the business of the Union establishment, in view of the proposed change in its terms, will be conducted strictly on a cash basis, all agencies for the collection of subscriptions for the Union are discon- tinued. No payments should be made to Agents after this date, ex- cept to Mr. W. C. Lipscomb, jr., who is authorized to make collections in Delaware, Maryland, and Virginia. WASHINGTON, March 23, 1858. —tf. The foregoing notice is not intended to include any agents or collec- tors that we now employ or have heretofore employed in this city, but those only who have performed such service in other parts of the country. Ap 29 —tf THE MORMONS, THE WAR, AND THE ARMY CON- TRACTORS. The New York Herald, after commenting upon the civil government of Utah and the difficulties incident to the exercise of the authority of the United States, expresses the opinion that much of the strife which has heretofore prevailed between the Mormons and the government has arisen from the intrigues of ar- my contractors. This is a rough way of overslawing the events of our history for a few years past, and a coarse method, we should say, of doing injustice both to the administration, and to the very energetic and upright gentlemen who have been and are engaged in transporting military stores for the army. It may not be amiss, under the circumstances, to refer to some leading facts in this connection. It is understood that the War Department has sent to Congress a communication covering a propo- sition from Messrs. Russell, Majors, & Waddell, army contractors, to surrender and abrogate their agreement to transport military stores for the govern- ment. It is due to the parties connected with this mat- ter that the circumstances attending the case should be fully stated. The contractors, under various forms, have been engaged in the army service for more than eleven years. They are gentlemen of high character, and have commanded the confidence of successive administrations, including that of Mr. Fillmore. When the government determined to adopt measures to enforce the laws in Utah, anticipating a large in- crease of transportation over the plains, adver- tised for proposals in the usual way, and took spe- cial pains to invite various parties to put in bids to do the work required. After every exertion of the department none were found willing to undertake the immense service, requiring, as it did, an outlay of more than two millions of dollars. Under these cir- cumstances, the department closed an agreement with Messrs. Russell, Majors, & Waddell, the old contractors, at rates such as were deemed fair and just to all parties. These gentlemen, by universal consent, executed the duties assigned them with all energy, promptness, despatch, and fairness. They have commanded the confidence of the Quarter- master’s Department and of all persons connected with the service. Their outlays have been immense, and their profits, it is believed, not larger than what justice and fair dealing would have awarded them. Under a previous contract, in the first expedition to Utah, running from peace into war, they had suffer- ed the total destruction by the hostile action of the Mormons of three trains, entailing a loss upon them of about three hundred thousand dollars, for which they have received no reimbursement. Very much of the efficiency of the army—at one time its safety even—depended upon the energy and fidelity of the ----- new page (VMSS792_S3_SS14_B17A_F2_I8_p002.jpg) parties engaged in moving its military stores ; and it is greatly to the credit of the latter that they have been able to command the approval of the entire service. They were prompt in the performance of every duty assigned them, to meet every order of the army, to incur vast expenses with no possi- bility, in many instances, of corresponding remunera- tion. Now these gentlemen propose to Congress, through the Secretary of War, to annul the con- tract, to release the government from their obli- gations under their contract to transport military stores. Nor has Congress yet indemnified them in any way for the loss of their property by the hostile action of the Mormons. Other trains, too, in conse- quence of the existence of hostilities, were ordered into the main columns of troops moving to Utah, and thus deprived of all subsistence for their ani- mals, leading to their almost total destruction. These considerations may explain the anxiety of the con- tractors to withdraw from the service of the govern- ment. They have been compelled, in point of fact, to bear largely the burdens of the Mormon war, and although they have the cordial approval and endorse- ment of those under whose supervision they per- formed their part of the contract, and are charged with no failure at any point in the discharge of their duties, still, in the absence of indemnification for their losses incurred in the service on account of and produced by the enemy of the United States, for the time being, they may well appeal to Congress to be relieved from further service. The profits of a busi- ness which are made to depend upon adjustment by Congress are not as reliable and useful as many others we could name. Our object is to present to the country as suc- cinctly as possible a brief review of a branch of pub- lic service about which a portion of the press have indulged in comments evidently conceived in utter ignorance of all the material facts involved. It is as much due to the people that they should not be de- ceived into entertaining unjust opinions concerning the past as that they should avoid being misled in the future. We doubt, indeed, if, in the whole his- tory of the government, an important work has been performed with more of energy, integrity, economy, and perfect good faith on all sides, in its origin and in its execution, than that which was initiated and executed by the War Department in the transporta- tion of military stores to the army of Utah. The labor was excessive, the duties to be performed deli- cate and responsible, and the work was done with all promptness, despatch, and fairness. It is a record which will find its way into history as one of those transactions which, as the London Times says, have distinguished our public service for directness and disregard of all the paralyses and stumbling of antiquated forms. It is well, then, that the sub- ject should be brought before Congress, and that its events should invite public scrutiny ; for by that means those who have done their duty like upright business men will be rewarded not only by approval but by the condemnation of professional grumblers and speculators. The proffer of the contractors, and its endorsement by the War Department, is a chal- lenge, on their part, flung in the faces of all cavil- lers. ----- new page (VMSS792_S3_SS14_B17A_F2_I9_p001.jpg) Times. FEBRUARY 7. 1859. ?LATER FROM UTAH. Important Action of Judge Sinclair—Ad- journment of the United States Court— The Judge’s Remarks—Refusal of Mor- mon Juries to Punish Crime—Deplorable Condition of the Territory— General News. From Our Own Correspondent. GREAT SALT LAKE CITY, Utah Territory, Saturday, Jan. 15, 1859. An event of the utmost importance in connec- tion with the interests of this Territory has occurred during this past week, namely : The adjournment of the United States District Court, in consequence of the evident futility of endeavoring to sustain the dig- nity of the law in this Territory. The Court having been in session thirty-one days, during which its time was wholly taken up in en- deavoring—quietly and with the utmost decorum and dignity—to establish itself upon the footing, and with the authority to which it is entitled, the Judge, the Hon. CHAS. E. SINCLAIR, on Thursday last, the 13th inst., announced that the Court, having transacted all the business before it arising under the laws of the United States, was now prepared to consider business arising under the Territorial laws. He, however, went on to state, further, that the Legislative Assem- bly had made no provision whatever to defray the ex- penses of the Court while exercising Territorial juris- diction, and has thus failed to comply with the spirit of the Organic act, and receive legally the Courts of the United States provided for them by Congress. That consequently he could not proceed, under these circumstances, to prolong the term of the Court, and take up the consideration of public business. He then went on, and, in a most earnest and em- phatic manner, addressed those connected with the Court, and told them that he had, in the hope of pro- moting the best interests of the legal profession ; in the hope that justice might finally triumph and prevail over ignorance, error and crime, borne with them pa- tiently, had extended to them every courtesy and as- sistance within his power, but that in return for his efforts he had been resisted at every step, had been opposed by every trick and device which they had it in their power to make use of, and had been met with a determined purpose to catch or take advan- tage of his lenity. That, consequently, after mature reflection and deliberation, and with a full sense of the responsibility of his action, he discharged the traverse jury without going into the consideration of any of the cases on the Court docket, and adjourned the Court until Monday to hear the motions and wind up the business of the Court previous to final adjourn- ment. Judge SINCLAIR has taken this course upon the idea, which is now but too evident and palpable, and which has been fully confirmed by his experience, that it is utterly impossible—nay, farcical and ridiculous—to attempt to exercise the high functions of a United States Judge under the circumstances at present ex- isting in this Territory. Whilst the juries are composed of Mormons, the laws cannot be administered impartially. The Church—exercising as it does complete control, not only over the souls and bodies of its followers, but also over their minds and judgements—controls the verdicts of the juries, irrespective of any law or evi- dence before them. The Grand Jury in the United States District Court—a Grand Jury of which a majority were lead- ing Mormons of this District—have ignored the bill of indictment against the murderer CHRISTIANSEN, who was bound over for trial by Judge SINCLAIR for shooting, and in cold blood cutting the throat of the deaf and dumb boy BERNARD, the full particulars of which I gave you in previous letters. As I informed you, CHRISTIANSEN shot the poor boy three times whilst he had him alone up in one of the gorges of the Big mountain. But the boy ran, and succeeded in reaching a hut on the main road, where he found protection. He was then placed by CARIS- TIANSEN, wounded and bleeding, on a lumber wagon, to be brought to the city, but, at the mouth of the canon they met EPHRAIM HAWKS, who is noted as a " destroying angel," and the boy was then placed on HANKS' wagon, and taken to a spot about half a mile from the road, under the pretence of hunting some money which, as they reported, the boy stated was there hid. Here, as HANKS testifies, CHRISTIAN- SEN cut the boy's throat in self-defence—the poor wounded deaf and dumb boy, who was entirely un- armed, having attempted to take his life by throwing stones at him. ----- new page (VMSS792_S3_SS14_B17A_F2_I9_p002.jpg) Notwithstanding all this was proven before them, and notwithstanding CHRISTIANSEN himself acknowl- edged the killing of the boy, yet the Mormons on the Grand Jury, being a majority, refused to indict him, and thus sustained the action of the “Danites,” even in a United States Court. It is now proven beyond a doubt that the Courts here are powerless, and serve to shield rather than punish the worst criminals to be found in this Terri- tory. The Church has full control over the Juries, and of course exercises that control as best suits its ends. The proceedings in the Grand Jury-room must re- main secret. But a Grand Juror informed us that if the proceedings which took place in that Jury-room could be made public, they would astound even the “ Gentiles” resident here. As it is, however, it is well known that to such a pitch did the dissension be- tween the two parties on the Grand Jury arise, that coats were pulled off and pistols drawn, for a general fight, which was only prevented by the interference of the U. S. Marshal, who hearing the noise rushed into the Jury-room in time to quell the disturbance. The day following, two of the Grand Jurors—BAY- LISS (Gentile,) and BATES (Mormon,)—met in asaloon on Main-street, and after exchanging a few words not of the most complimentary nature in regard to the action of the Grand Jury, drew their pistols one upon the other, when the police, who were watching them, interfered and separated them. On Tuesday last the case of the United States vs. JAMES FERGUSON, indicted for threatening to intimi- date Judge GEO. P. STILES whilst in the discharge of his duty, as a Judge on the bench, was decided (as was predicted most safely in advance) by the Jury who brought in a verdict of not guilty. This Jury was composed of eight Mormons and four Gentiles, who were drawn by lot from the panel. As the history of this case is interesting at this time in illustration of the means made use of to annoy the Judges of the Courts and disgust them with their po- sition, I will give you a summary of it. The case was before the Court ten days, and this time was almost, wholly occupied in arguments and speeches upon the following pleas: FERGUSON first offered a plea in abatement in order to object to the Gentiles on the Grand Jury. The next day, however, this plea was withdrawn. He next moved to quash the indictment found against him on the ground of some irregularity upon its face. This motion was overruled by the Court. He next requested to offer as a plea in bar the Pres- ident’s pardon—in so doing he confessed his guilt; ----- new page (VMSS792_S3_SS14_B17A_F2_I9_p003.jpg) for no one can be pardoned for that of which he is not guilty. Time was granted him to prepare this plea, but the next day instead of presenting it it was withdrawn. He then pleaded not guilty and stated that he was ready for trial, but filed a bill of exc[-]ptions to the ruling of the Court in not quashing the indictment. When about calling the Jury, he requested leave to withdraw his plea of not guilty in order that he might object to the legaliiy of the sitting of the Court. Upon the calling of the Jury, he made peremptory challenges to the Gentiles on the Jury, which were overruled by the Court. To this ruling he filed an- other bill of exceptions. He then made challenges to three of the Gentile jurors on the ground that they were not residents of the Territory ; these were also overruled by the Court. After the calling of the Jury he moved for a continu ance of his case until the next term of the Court, on the ground that a material witness for the defence, Judge STILES, could not be procured. On the examination of the witnesses it was testified positively by four different witnesses, that FERGUSON told Judge STILES in open court, that if he dared to decide a question which was then before the Court, by the laws of the United States in preference to the Statutes of Utah, he would "‘take him off from his bench d—d quick, and that he had the boys there to do it”. Also, that several men who were standing around in [the court-room pulled off their coats, and drew their revolvers around on their belts so as to place them in full view. Upon this demonstration the Judge adjourned his Court. The only rebutting evidence off the part of the de- fence was, that they did not hear this language used, and that the men who pulled off their coats did so quietly and without any evil intention. Governor CUMMING is at present annoyed and beset by the Legislature as badly as the Judge was pre- viously in the Court. He has vetoed the first bill passed by the Legislature, viz: the act changing the Judicial Districts of the Territory. Fortunately the Governor’s veto is absolute. He has expressed his determination to veto also, all acts involving the pay- ment of taxes into the Church treasury. No bills of importance have been brought up before the Legisla- ture, in addition to those already noticed. The Saints have indulged during the past week in a great many small parties. If a Gentile attended one of these parties he was not permitted to dance, but was pointed out as a mark of derision. Two negro balls have also been given this week, at which, I am informed by eye witnesses, some ten or a dozen white women attended and danced with the negroes with perfect freedom and familiarity. White men were also “mixed in,” and were dancing with the negro wenches. In fact, it presented the most disgusting of spectacles—negro men and women, and Mormon men and women, all dancing on terms of perfect equality. ORSON PRATT delivered his second sermon on the au- thenticity of the Book of Mormon, at the Tabernacle, on Sunday last, to a crowded house, two-thirds of whom were men. In his sermon, he argued that if he could show as satisfactory proof of the divine origin of the Book of Mormon as there was of the Bible, the Book of Mor- mon was entitled to the same weight and credibility as the Bible. In order then to prove the divine au- thenticity of the Book of Mormon, he endeavored to throw as much doubt as possible upon the origin of the Bible ----- new page (VMSS792_S3_SS14_B17A_F2_I9_p004.jpg) The Deseret News, the Church organ, has studiously avoided the least allusion to the Valley Tan, and has never made the least allusion to it in its columns. So far has this policy been pursued, that although the Valley Tan obtained a copy of the President’s Mes- sage two weeks ago by express and published it, the News waited until a copy arrived by regular mail this week to copy from. The Valley Tan, although not a “paying institution,” will be sustained for at least one year by the Gentiles in the Territory. KIRK ANDERSON, Esq., the indefatigable editor, is de- termined not to be backed down by any bullying on the part of the Mormons, but will remain at his post, giving faithful and correct information in regard to events here, as long as they allow his press to stand and a roof to remain over his head. If they disturb him here he will move to the camp of the army. The snow is about eighteen inches deep on the ground, and the sleighing is excellent. We are sur- prised to see so few good teams among the numerous teams driven about now by persons indulging in the sport of sleigh-riding. We certainly imagined that there were many fine horses in the country, but from what we have seen, you could not pick out a village in the States which does not boast more of fine teams than are to be seen here. The California mail arrived here on Friday morn- ing, three days ahead of schedule time, bringing us dates from San Francisco up to the 1st of January. . A. B. C. From [-] ARRIVAL ----- new page (VMSS792_S3_SS14_B17A_F3_I1_p001.jpg) BY MIDN[-]? Letter from Washington. [Correspondence of The Press.] WASHINGTON, Jan. 31, 1859. It is related that during the Seminole and Florida Indian wars, whenever there was a possi- bility of peace, certain parties in the Territory took care to revive the local troubles, upon the tacit understanding, between themselves, that un- less the war was kept up, the resident whites of the Territory could not prosper. Upon the plea, that population would always follow an army, and remain after the army had retired, there were many who justified the continuance of those wars. It is now alleged, in certain quarters, that all the reports of trouble among the Mormons grow out of the anxiety of certain patriotic gentlemen who are interested in keeping the troops in Utah. My late advices from the Mormon country are to the effect that, so far from the army being necessary to the maintenance of quiet, it is a positive hin- drance ; that peace is being well preserved under the wise administration of Governor Cummings, and that it will continue to be preserved by him more effectually, should the troops be with- drawn. Their presence is a source of great irri- tation to the Mormons, and a no less unfailing source of expense to the country. The continued occupation of Utah by the American forces under General Johnston is unquestionably promoted by the people who are interested in the large expen- ditures of the Government, and who speculated upon this occupation. If ever Brigham Young and his followers are to be subdued or converted, all experience has shown that this cannot be done by the army. They are now more united than they have ever been known to be, and late news from a gentleman who has just arrived by the late train, is to the effect that nothing can be done with them while the army is quartered in their midst. An immense emigration from Europe is expected in the spring, which, while it will swell the number of the worshippers of the Mormon creed, will increase the peculiar difficulties of the Government. How the Mormon question is to be settled will constitute one of the gravest subjects for discussion hereafter. I understand that the anti[-] L[-] ----- new page (VMSS792_S3_SS14_B17A_F3_I2_p001.jpg) FROM UTAH. Insolence of the Mormons—The Federal Authorities Powerless. ————— [Correspondence of the St. Louis Republican.] GREAT SALT LAKE CITY, January 14, 1859.—I have no- thing important to say, other than that things have ar- rived at such a pass, that the authority of the Federal Courts is a mere mockery of justice. Neither murder nor other crime has been or can be punished. The Mormons have everything their own way. Judge Sinclair has ad- journed his Court, and will, on next Monday, adjourn it sine die, for the reason that the laws of the United States cannot be executed in this Territory. Both Judges Sin- clair and Cradlebaugh will leave early next spring, satis- fied as they are that their presence as federal officers in administering the laws is merely farcical. A manifesto, carefully prepared, will be issued, as I am informed, clearly setting forth their reasons in detail. I have been a careful observer of events in this Territory, and am now more than ever satisfied that there is no loyalty to the Government among the Mormon people, and while to a certain extent they pay respect to the mere forms of law, they neither recognize nor respect its spirit. The officers of the Government (and I refer particularly to the Judi- ciary) although not openly insulted, feel that they are powerless,and are treated with such contempt and sneers, as to make their situations anything but enviable. Anon- ymous notes have been placed under the doors of the building where the court is held, not intimidating or threatening, but dealing in inuendoes and criticisms, so peculiar to the Mormon nation. Judge Sinclair has performed his duty in the premises nobly, with a wise head and discriminating judgment— an earnest desire to deal impartially with all, and a firm- ness that has never yet wavered. He is chained down in his efforts to administer the laws by the Mormon theo- cracy, which holds the consciences and oaths of jurors in its keeping. I speak thus of Judge Sinclair, because his position has been a most delicate and responsible one, and in adjourning his Court, he has the approval of every well informed man in this Territory. Judge Cradlebaugh is a man whose metal, both as a gentleman and a jurist, is of the clearest ring, and has proven himself in several instances, which it is not now necessary to mention, and one who has brought to light some circumstances about which the world will, in due course of time, be informed. It may be asked why should this state of things exist with the presence of an army here? I answer, that the army is under instructions, a mere military posse, a police, if you please, and is bound hand and foot, so far as active operations are concerned, and cannot act except under orders. Gov. Cumming also feels the high responsibility that attaches to himself, and those who know him need no testimony to be assured that when an exigency arises, when the overt act is committed, that he will use all his prerogatives, and the army will have what they have long wanted—something to do. The Legislature has been in session here now several weeks; they have as yet done nothing. This seems strange, too, as it is composed entirely of Mormons, with one exception, and the work is always cut and dried at the palace of the great Mogul himself. The Eastern mail has not arrived in time for several trips, the snow in many places being from fifteen to twenty feet in depth from drifting by storms, so that it is impossible to make a trail. There are negro balls here every week. They are lib- erally attended by both Mormon men and women, and not unfrequently a few Gentiles. The women seem to enjoy them most. K. A. ———————————— "STRIKE" OF THE LOWELL GIRLS.—Some four hundred girls, belonging to the Massachusetts Cor- poration of Lowell, struck for higher wages, and marched in procession through the principal streets Monday morning. The girls were mostly spinners. 37 1/2 40 29 20 8 1/2 70" 41 5 ----- new page (VMSS792_S3_SS14_B17A_F3_I3_p001.jpg) ?Our Salt Lake City Correspondence. GREAT SALT LAKE CITY, U. T., Jan. 7,1859. The Weather—Mormons Resuming Religious Services— Camp Floyd—Its Fine, Comfortable and Healthy Ar- rangement—Action of the Grand Jury—The Mormons Will Not Investigate Criminal Charges against Their Own Members—Fabulous Prices of Groceries, Dry Goods, &c. There is nothing of great public interest stirring in Utah at present. Everything appears to be peaceful and quiet. The Tabernacle in this city was opened for public worship by the Mormons on Sunday last, for the first time since the disturbances in the Territory. The house was well filled with the "Saints." The weather continues very cold in this region. It is considered by the old settlers here as one of the coldest winters ever known. The snow in the valleys is not deep as yet, and this preserves the stock, which feeds on the “bunch grass” growing on the trenches and sides of the mountains. This bunch grass grows through the winter, and is very nutritious. Its growth commences about Oc- tober and continues until May, when the heat and absence of water or moisture cause it to wither and die. It is a wise arrangement of nature to have this grass grow in winter; otherwise cattle in these sterile regions would perish for want of nourishment. The army is finely housed in winter quarters at Camp Floyd. The camp presents quite a city like appearance. The houses are built of adobes (sun dried bricks). They are larger than the ordinary brick, being twelve inches in length, between five and six inches in breadth, and three inches in thickness. They are laid with mortar or cement in the same manner as bricks, joints broken, and the wall carried up in the same way. They are of a light slate color, and make a substan- tial wall when well covered—the houses being warm and dry. Nearly a million and a half of these adobes were made at Camp Floyd since August last, by Mormons em- ployed for that purpose. A city seems almost to have been raised by magic, so rapid and so effective have the operations of the Quartermaster’s Department been. Besides the houses for the officers and men, there are workshops, stabling, corrals for stock, hay and straw, sutlers’ stores and immense storehouses, in which all the army supplies, government property, &c., are housed and protected. The workshops are divided into apartments for the different trades. There are carpenters, black- smiths, wheelwrights, tent makers, harness makers, tin- smiths, painters, oil manufactory, &c. In fact, so com plete are all these arrangements, that everything can be manufactured in the camp which the necessities of the army require. The camp is laid off in streets and squares, like a city; and, so quiet and well conducted is everything within and without it, that one would suppose, in walking through it, that he was in a city, differing from others only in the military garb of the inhabitants Gen. Johnston and Deputy Quartermaster General Col. Crosman deserve great praise for the masterly manner in which Camp Floyd has been built, and the despatch in having the work completed before the winter set in There is now a larger body of troops here than has been collected at any one point in the United States since the Mexican war, there being over three thousand rank and file, which, with the men in the Quartermaster's depart ment, and other attaches, make about four thousand souls. We received the President's message in Salt Lake City on the evening of the 25th of December; it was brought by express in eleven days from St. Joseph, Mo., and was intended to be put through to California in six days more. The message, so far as it relates to Utah affairs, is well re- ceived by the Mormons, at least their organ—the Deseret News—speaks of it in a very complimentary manner. The United States District Court is still in session in this city. The Grand Jury ignored the bill of indictment charging a Mormon policeman named Christianson with the murder of a deaf and dumb boy named Bernard by cutting his throat, as alleged by the defendant, in self defence. This action, it is thought, proves a foregone con- clusion on the part of the Mormons to stop, when in their power, all investigations of high criminal charges against persons of their own sect; but the officers of the court are determined to do their duty, and when the wheels of jus- tice are clogged not to stop, but to grease the machinery and go on again. The Territorial Legislature is still in session, but nothing of interest has yet transpired in their sittings. To give you an idea of the high price of living here, I subjoin a list of the “tariff” we are subjected to by the merchants in this city:— GROCERIES.—Tea, $3 per pound; sugar, 65c. a 80c. per pound: coffee, 80c. a $1 per pound; rice, 50c. per pound; candles, moulds, 75c. a 80c. per pound; citron, $1 25 per pound; raisins, $1 per pound, dried apples and peaches, 60c. per pound; green apples, $3 per dozen; common whiskey, $8 per gallon; common Madeira wine, $12 per gallon; cognac brandy, $20 per gallon; molasses $8 per gallon; vinegar, $6 per gallon; canned fruits, $3 a $4 per can; butter, $1 per pound; lard, 50c. a 60c. per pound; cheese, 75c. per pound; pork, 60c. per pound; beef, 15c. a 20c. per pound; flour, $12 a $15 per barrel; wood, $18 a $20 per cord. DRY GOODS.—Bleached shirting muslin, 45c. a 50c. per yard; domestic unbleached, 40c. a 60c. per yard; domes- tic checks, 40c. per yard; ticking, 50c. a 75c. per yard; drillings, 50c. a [60c. per yard; towelling, 75c. a $1 per yard: common calicoes, 40c. a 50c. per yard; flannels, red and white, $1 25 a $2 per yard; coarse satinets, $2 $2 50 per yard, common cloth, $10 a $15 per yard; towelling, 75c. a $1 per yard: common calicoes, 40c. a 50c. per yard; flannels, red and white, $1 25 a $2 per yard; coarse satinets, $2 a $2 50 per yard, common cloth, $10 a $15 per yard; merinoes, $2 50 a $3 per yard; linen, $1 50 a $2 50.per yard; com. mon silks, $2 50 a $4 per yard; common delaine, $1 a $1 25 per yard; men’s coarse boots, $12 per pair; fine do., $20 per pair; gum shoes, $3 a $3 50 per pair; ladies' gaiters, $5 per pair; common ingrain carpeting, $3 a $4 per yard. Wages here are about the same as in the States; so you can judge how the common people make their ends meet. ----- new page (VMSS792_S3_SS14_B17A_F3_I4_p001.jpg) ? THE GLOBE: [-]E OFFICIAL PAPER OF CONGRE[-] ----- new page (VMSS792_S3_SS14_B17A_F3_I4_p002.jpg) We have arranged the papers in packages cor- responding to each year since 1851, (when the court was organized.) We find the books and papers well preserved, and the packages corre- sponding in size and general appearance to the entries on the records. We find the following entries on the order book of the first district court: "Be it remembered that on the night of the 11th October, 1855, the office of the clerk of the first judicial district court in and for the Ter- ritory of Utah, as also of the supreme court of said Territory, was forcibly entered, and all the papers, complaints, bills, notes, and obligations, including indictments, were feloniously taken and carried away, and the box in which the same were kept under lock and key, was carried away and was found next morning, at about eight o’clock, in the bed of the River Jordan, cut open and emptied of its contents." "Upon motion of A. W. Babbitt, relative to the stolen papers, the court made an order that the parties in the cases before this court have the privilege of making new papers. It is important that new papers be filed, nunc pro tunc.” Octo- ber 15, 1855. October 17, 1855. “ The papers of the court which had been abstracted on the 11th instant, were found this morning on the floor of the court room, having been thrown in through an open window." We have examined the papers in several cases of each year, and find them all correct, and we believe that all the papers of the two courts are now to be found in the said office in a state of general integrity. We find a single alteration only, in the paper filed in a motion before the ----- new page (VMSS792_S3_SS14_B17A_F3_I4_p003.jpg) court to disbar an attorney, involving, as it ap- pears, personal feelings; a spoliation which is discovered only by a minute examination, or by one familiar with the facts. The general appear- ance of the books and papers indicates their com- pleteness, though they do not appear to have been kept in exact system ; with sufficient distinctness, however, to show the course of proceedings. We are satisfied that the fee-book and motion- book are wanting from the third district, which were at one time in the possession of the clerk. We are also perfectly convinced that the state- ments made in the communication of his Excel- lency Governor Cumming to the honorable Secre- tary of State are fully borne out by the personal view and examination we have had of the books and records in question. If the personal or official veracity of his Ex- cellency may, in any way, have been questioned in this matter, we unhesitatingly pronounce it most unjust, and so certify to the country. HENRY CABOT. KIRK ANDERSON. —. We have read the foregoing statement of Messrs. Cabot and Anderson, and having, by request, been present at the examination to which they refer, concur fully in said statement. CHARLES E. SINCLAIR, Associate Justice supreme court, Utah Territory, and ex-officio judge third judicial district. JOHN HARTNETT, Secretary of State for Utah Territory. P. K. DOTSON, United States Marshal for Utah Territory. —— GREAT SALT LAKE CITY, UTAH TERRITORY, October 25,1858. We, the undersigned, having been requested examine into the condition of the legislative cords of this Territory, now in the hands of [-]onorable John Hartnett, Secretary of Utah Territory, beg leave to state as follows: On examination we find in the first place, the record of the organic act, approved 9th Septem- ber, 1850. Secondly, we have found the records of the acts passed at the sessions of the Legislatures of the years 1851-52, 1852-53, the adjourned ses- sion of June 1853, 1853-54, 1854-55, 1855-56, 1856-57 and 1857-58, to be complete and in pos- session of the Secretary of the Territory at the present time. We also found on examination that there were at the present time in the possession of the Sec- retary of this Territory, packages of the enrolled bills of each session of the Legislature of this Territory, from which we selected several from each session of the Legislature, at random, and found them correct; and we have no doubt, and believe, that they are all there. We have also examined the records of the executive documents, the books of accounts and the letter-book, all of which we found to all appearance to be perfect. We have not found any bound Journal of the Legislature, but at the same time we are informed ----- new page (VMSS792_S3_SS14_B17A_F3_I4_p004.jpg) by a person in whom we place reliance in regard to his means for information in regard to this point, that no such record had been kept in book form. We were, however, shown the slips of paper on which were purported to be the Journal of the Legislature. HENRY CABOT, KIRK ANDERSON. — GREAT SALT LAKE CITY, UTAH TERRITORY, October 25, 1858. I was present at the examination of the books, records, papers, &c., contained in the office of the Secretary of State of Utah Territory by Messrs. Cabot and Anderson on the day men- tioned in their report, and am fully satisfied that their examination was made with care, and is correct as stated; I would furthermore state that each item received by me as secretary was re- ceipted for by me to W. H. Hooper, and an in- ventory of the same forwarded to the proper De- partment at Washington. JOHN HARTNETT, Secretary of Utah. — SIR : Having noticed a report in the public prints lately, setting forth that your statements in regard to the safety and good condition of the records of the courts of this Territory were not correct; I feel that it is due by me, both to your Excellency and the public generally, amongst whom those false statements are being circulated, to state what I know in relation to the records of the Supreme Court of the United States for this Territory, (said to be missing among the rest.) Having been appointed on the 13th day of Sep- tember, 1858, by the Honorables D. R. Eckels and Charles E. Sinclair, Justices of the Supreme Court of the United States for the Territory of Utah, to the office of clerk of said court, I re- ceived the records and papers belonging to said court from my predecessor. I have examined those records and papers carefully and find them complete and in good condition, the records bearing date from the 22d day of September, 1851, (the date of the first organization of said court by Judges Brandebury, Brocchus, and Snow) to the 14th day of March, 1857, being the last term of said court held in this Territory, and which is signed by Judge George P. Styles. In testimony whereof I hereunto set my hand and affix the seal of said court, at my office [L. S.] in Great Salt Lake City, Utah Territory, this 25th day of October, A. D. 1858. JOHN G. LYNCH, Clerk Supreme Court Utah Territory. TO HIS EXCELLENCY A. CUMMING, Governor of the Territory of Utah. FROM WASHINGTON Direct to all Parts of the West, Southwest, and Northwest. ----- new page (VMSS792_S3_SS14_B17A_F3_I4_p005.jpg) The Public Records in Utah. At the request of Mr. BERNHISEL, we copy the ollowing from the Deseret News: GREAT SALT LAKE CITY, October 25, 1858. To those who are personally acquainted with me, no explanation relative to the Bulletin cor- respondent’s charges would be required. For the information of the country at large the fol- lowing certificates and affidavit are published. A. CUMMING, Governor of Utah Territory. — [From our Special Correspondent in Utah Territory.] GREAT SALT LAKE CITY, UTAH TERRITORY, September 13, 1858. The public records of this Territory are in a state of inglorious confusion, notwithstanding the assertion made by Governor Cumming in his report to the Secretary of State that all the re- cords, the territorial library and public property of the Territory, were in perfect order, and had not been injured or disturbed. The records of the United States district court in this city, (Judge Sinclair’s district,) which have lately been delivered up to the newly appointed clerk, con- sist of a small record book containing about twenty packages, and a small bundle of papers, embracing those in no case prior to 1856, or later than the winter of 1857. There is no court docket; no clerk’s docket; no fee docket; no order book; no copies of instructions from the Departments at Washington; no stationery; no furniture, and no press for the seal. How Governor Cumming, in view of these facts, was able to reconcile his conscience to his report that these records are in a perfect state of preservation, I cannot tell you. I do not believe him capable of committing delib- erate prevarication, and yet it is difficult to ex- plain his report on any other theory. The papers of the territorial secretary's office are equally imperfect. There is not an enrolled bill on file, nor any official evidence of a single legislative act, from the time of the organization of the Territory to the present day; so that it is doubtful whether we have any law at all in Utah. The papers of the supreme court clerk’s office were seized by Brigham Young during the rebel- lion, and have not yet been restored by him to their proper custodian. The records of the office of the clerk of Judge Eckol's judicial district, (the northern,) are in the possession of Chauncey W. West, the Mormon bishop of Ogden City, who has refused to respond to the demands which have been made for them. With regard to the law library of the judge of the central district, Judge Sinclair has made every effort to discover whether there is a remnant of it, but has thus far not been able to find a single volume. Nor will he; for they were destroyed by fire, down to the last book, notwithstanding the Governor’s intimation to the contrary. — No allusions were made by the Governor of this Territory, in his report to the Secretary of State, in relation to the destruction of the few books and papers (whether borrowed or other) in the law office of Williams & Styles. That act, so far as we have ever heard, was a sudden; se- cret, and lawless outbreak by a very few persons who, vigilance-committee like, took their o[-] method for righting what they deemed to be wrongs, and is an act for [--]ich the people of Utah can in nowise be held responsible, further than that responsibility which would obtain in a local movement of disorderly persons in any other city or community. GREAT SALT LAKE CITY, UTAH TERRITORY, October 25, 1858. The undersigned have examined the office books of the first and third judicial district courts of the United States for Utah Territory, and the office papers of the same from the organ- ization of the Territory to the present time, now in the custody of the clerk for the third district. We find the following books: Record—Journal of first district court commencing Oc- tober 6, 1851, ending February 22, 1856. Court Docket first dist. court com. Oct. 1855 to Feb. 1856. Motion book “ “ 1856 " 1857. Register of grand and travers juries, “ 1852 “ 1856. Journal first dist. court “ 1852 “ 1856. Bar docket “ “ 1854 " 1856. Docket " " 1851 to Dec. 1856. Journal " Feb. 1856 to Ap’l. 1856. Bar docket third judicial court, Nov. 4, 1856. Record " " June 20,1856. Docket book " " to Feb. 14, 1857. Docket book " " to Nov. 1856. ----- new page (VMSS792_S3_SS14_B17A_F3_I5_p001.jpg) UTAH AFFARS—BEAUTIES OF OUR MAIL SYS- TEM.—There appears to be now no doubt, judg- ing from all the intelligence that we have lately received from the Great Basin, including Mor- mon newspaper items which we publish to-day, that the Latter Day Saints never had any se- rious intention of going to war with the United States government, and were as little in earnest in their pretences about aban- doning Salt Lake. We knew that Brigham Young was too cute a Yankee to run his neck recklessly into a halter. It did very well in the Bowery—as they call their tabernacle—to talk fire and brimstone, and of “running the troops to hell across lots," to quote the unctuous lan- guage of the Saints; but when it came to a proof of their courage or their sincerity it was quite another matter. Brigham has had quite too good a time of it for some years past to en- tertain any longing to add his own name to the roll of the army of martyrs; and consequently, it was not to be expected that he would allow a shot to be fired upon our troops by one of his fanatical horde. He quietly submitted himself and his people to the authority of the United States, but indulged in some excusable, though equally sincere, menaces about abandoning Utab, and transporting the ark of their taber- nacle to Sonora, or somewhere out of the juris- diction of the United States. That was all bluster, too. The Saints did evacuate Salt Lake City, but only to show that they were in a huff, and—to come back again. They know that, after all, the visi- tation was a godsend to them; and no doubt if their secret thoughts were known, all but Brigham and his hierarchy are rejoiced at it. At all events, they will not abandon Salt Lake, nor the desert which their industry has made productive. With all their faults we can- not deny that they are industrious and frugal to a remarkable degree. They have been plant- ing fruit trees and raising fruit with great suc- cess; and now they have commenced the culti- vation of tea—the plants it is said growing thriftily. Brigham, himself, has his house sur- mounted by a beehive, as an emblem of indus- try. We hope that their industry will not have received a check by the late expedition, but that the Saints, relieved of a little of their non- sense, will go quietly back to their old homes and resume their former occupations under the protection of the laws of the United States, and with a respect for the prejudices of our Christian civilization. In connection with Utah affairs, we would beg to direct the attention of the Postmaster General to the beauties of our Post Office sys- tem, or at least of its operation. We first learned the news of the submission of the Mor- mons by a telegraphic despatch from St. Louis. In two or three days the government received its despatches at Washington by mail. The same mail brought us the St. Joseph papers contain- ing the news, but did not bring us our own cor- respondence. This should have arrived at the same time, but did not reach us for five days subsequently. And on Friday only, we re- ceived the Deseret News. Now all these—the despatches to the government, the St. Joseph papers, our correspondence and the Salt Lake papers—must have all come by the same con- veyance. At least they ought so to have come. Why, then, the irregularity and differe[-]ce of time in their delivery? Will the Pos[---]ster General please to solve this curious eni[----]aris- ing in the affairs of his department. ----- new page (VMSS792_S3_SS14_B17A_F3_I6_p001.jpg) STAEMER ALTA NOTES OE TRAVEL FROM SALT LAKE TO ST. JOSEPHS. Our Special Traveling Correspondent, Mr. Wallace, who went overland from Placerville to St. Joseph’s, sends us the following itinerary of his journey from the City of the Saints to the borders of Missouri: STARTING FROM SALT LAKE CITY. On the morning of Oct. 2, 1858, the mail wagon, with six mules attached, drove up to the door of the Post Office in Salt Lake City, took on board the mails and three passengers, with their blankets and supplies for the road. Those passengers were: F. Colcoul, a return- ing government employee; Sergeant Clark, 2d Dragoons, and myself. Clark was an Irish- man, and he entered the carriage silently, smoking a black pipe, dressed like a citizen. We bade many a hearty adieu, and started out. For several miles but little was said, as we rode over the dusty plain towards the mountains. We were strangers, and there would be plenty of time to get acquainted after we had taken a last look of the city. Five miles from the city, upon a bench or even terrace of its table land, we turned to take the last view of the valley and its peopled fields. A beautiful panoramic landscape opens out here to view. Beyond is a great salt sea, with hilly islands; rivers and broad fields of grassy plain, all set as in a frame within mountains whose rugged peaks, covered with snows, reflect back the sun’s rays. In the foreground are the farms, with their houses and thatchings, and the great city, radiant with gardens of green foliage, smoking from its chimneys, and swaying with industry. We then plunged into the narrow gorge, the road passing along the bottom of a deep cañon where the scenery is of almost terrific gloom. At every turn the overhanging cliffs threaten to break down upon the little torrent stream that has worn its way at their base, and which the road crosses many times. A DESERTER IN THE COMPANY. We rolled on slowly, enveloped in clouds of dust, for nine miles, till we reached the foot of the Little Mountain. Walking up the steep ascent, we met a company of Dragoons, on whose approach Clark rushed into the wagon and buried himself in his blankets. This ex- cited a little suspicion, and we questioned him. He was not disposed to be communicative at first, but, after a little reflection, told us he had that morning deserted, and was on his way to Laramie, where his wife was sick. He had asked for leave of absence from his Colonel and had been refused. "Thin," says he, "Colonel, I'll desert." "If you do, I'll flog you." "Flog, and be damned to you," says Paddy. "Havn’t I been a good soldier for nine years? And isn't jist as aisy, your honor, to say yis as no, whin the difference, to me, between the two words is a flogging? I'm still going if you even say no;" but it was still "no," and Sergeant Clark was a deserter, and traveling with his Uncle's mail, besides. He managed very shrewdly. "He wasn't afeared of anny one of us gintlemen giving him up, and surely he could avoid ivery other body," and so he did. The roads between Salt Lake and Laramie are thronged with government officials, all escorted by dragoons of Clark's regiment. Whenever we came upon any of them, Clark buried him- self in blankets till the danger was passed. We crossed the Little Mountain and struggled up the Big Mountain, from whose top we had a fine view of the summits around, all of which are naked of timber, except patches of cotton wood. The cañons only contain timber, and it is from those that the fuel of the city is ob- tained. To the left of us are a few firs or pines, which, from their loneliness, attracted our at- tention. FORT CONSTANTINE. At the foot of the Big Mountain is Fort Con- stantine, the first Mormon fortification. It is built upon the points of two low hills, where the cañon forms almost a right angle, and con- sists of stone breastworks, with embrasures, on opposite sides of the road. But these breast- works are entirely commanded by the moun- tains which hang almost directly over them. They were designed and constructed under the direction of S. M. Blair, Esq., the engineer of the Mormon army. The conception is laughed at as a very boyish one, and Mr. Blair gets very little credit as a military genius. His zeal is great, however. At the foot of this fortified hill are the quarters where the Mormon army lay, while waiting for Gen. Johnston to come that way. When they were abandoned they were burnt to the ground. It commenced raining while on the top of the Big Mountain, and continued all day and night. We camped in the rain on cañon. On the 3d we were on the road at daylight, while it was still raining; over a good road, without dust, to the station at the foot of Echo canon, and which was kept by G. R. Hawks, one of the most decided characters in the Mor- mon Church – a desperate man, who lives in the suspicion of being a criminal of various grades, from murder down. The station is on Weber river, 45 miles from the city. ECHO CANON AND ITS FORTIFICATIONS. Three miles from the foot of the cañon com- mences the series of fortifications which it was believed would render Salt Lake valley unap- proachable, except at the pleasure of the heroes and geniuses whose fame is here celebrated, and which will endure until the rains and snows wash away the bluffs upon which they are built. Mr. Blair's fame rests here, as well as that of Lieut. Gen. Daniel H. Wells. Echo cañon is hardly a cañon; it is more like a Nauvoo valley. Upon the left hand side rise precipitous pumice and real sandstone bluffs, to a height of 2,000 or 3,000 feet, broken and very difficult of ascent. The right slopes gradually down, and is covered with grass to the summit. There is nothing peculiar upon the right, but upon the left the formations are very attractive. The soft sandstone, through which there are horizontal stratas of harder slate by abrasion with the elements, is worn into the most pic- turesque forms—resembling castles, palaces, turrets, columns, and tall houses of the city. You never get tired of looking at their varied forms, which bear exact resemblances, so regu- lar from the base to the cap-stone as to deceive the eye. These peculiarities continue for a dis- tance of seventeen miles, and are a constant at- traction. Most of this distance the sandstone is red, but as we approach the head of the cañon it be- comes mingled with a dark yellow, which adds to the picturesqueness. There is not a tree to be seen through the whole cañon—on one side is naked rock, and on the other only mountain grass. In the bottom is Echo creek, bordered by a growth of small willows. The Mormon engineer here expected to make a stand that should rival in story, the deeds of Hofer, in the Tyrol. Here they intended to seal their faith in triumph, by writing it in the blood of their foes. It was here they would check the great filibustero of the age, and laugh at him as he struggled against their im- pregnable fastnesses. For several miles the edges of these picturesque bluffs, exhibits the mighty work of the saints. In places where the road winds along close under these over- hanging piles. We look up through the little port-holes, built in the rocky breastwork, and wonder at the perseverance of men who would climb so high, to do so small a work. Some of these piles of rocks were placed upon springs, so that by a sudden movement, they would be projected upon the troops on the road below. Upon the sloping hills opposite them there are also some works and these are placed so high that they were considered almost safe from con- non shot. It is said a dispute upon this point arose one day, and to settle the question one saint offered to stand upon the breastwork as a target for the other's rifle. He was too near the rifle, for he fell, shot in the eye, a victim of self- confidence. By far the most formidable ob- struction to Gen. Johnson, were the barricades and ditches across the cañon. There are seve- ral of these and they were guarded and defend- ed for months by 1,500 or 2,000 volunteers, who received no pay for their services; but consi- dered that they could then pay the highest pos- sible homage to their faith. The sacrifice labors of the Saints have been laughed at as puny; and to show how con- temptible they were, it it is said, that the minie rifle ball easily knocked big holes in some of them. There was, however, no danger attend- ing these feats; for the Saints were on their way south, when the army passed these defiles. But we know that they answered all the pur- poses for which they are built—they caused the army to swear vehemently on Ham's Fork, amid the cold snows of those bleak regions, and there are many bleaching bones and wrecks of carriages to test the severities that gathered around and enclosed that "army of occupation" in its winter quarters. BEAR RIVER AND FORT BRIDGER. On the 4th, we camped on Bear river. Our morning ride was over rolling hills, having on the right the snowy summits of the Bear river range of mountains. At noon we crossed High Ridge, or Aspen Spring, the highest land be- tween the Atlantic and Pacific over which the road passes, being 7,710 feet above the sea. Near the top is a fine spring, in a grove of aspen trees. The panorama from this height was a magnificent one, embracing a wide extent of valley and mountain scenery, upon all of which we looked down. There was some snow, and the air was chill, but the sun was warm. The Bear river mountains stood out before us like great white sheets, gilstening in snowy grandeur. We dined at the Muddy, and after climbing a long hill, just at sunset, at six miles distant, saw the white walls and tents of Fort Bridger, in the valley of Black's Fork, below. Cedar grows in the hills near by, from which expensive perma- nent quarters are being erected. Five compa- nies of troops are stationed here. Clark, our deserter, came near being discovered. The sol- diers came round, curious to see all we had—I sat down on him to keep him under the blanket. Drove on and camped on Smith's Fork. Sixty- one miles to-day. On the 5th, started at daylight and drove eighteen miles to Ham's Fork station, 155 miles from Salt Lake City, over a desert country, strewn with the carcases of animals; no grass, no timber. During the day it came on to rain, poured down nearly all night. On the road we met Baker, an old mountaineer, on his way to Salt Lake, to attend the Grand Jury, of which he was a member. All these old mountaineers are bitterly hostile to the Mormons, and have con- tributed much to the prejudice that exists against them by circulating slanders upon them. The reason for this hostility is found in the fact that, the mountaineers are opposed to all social improvements, because, wherever agricul- ture and the mechanic arts prevail, wild beasts nor men live. Salt Lake valley once abounded in wild game, and was looked upon as their special hunting grounds. They would like to see it become once more a desert. Thus they are the enemies of the Mormons. GREEN RIVER AND THE SOUTH PASS. Towards evening reached Green river, a clean, limpid stream, bordered with timber and plenty of grass. The bluffs of this river are composed of greenish clay, which gives the name to the stream. It is twenty-two miles from Ham's Fork. There are several trading posts in the valley. Rode thirty miles further in a hard rain, to Big Sandy station, and camped. Seventy miles to-day. On the 6th, the snow covered the hills, and came close down to us. Thick cumulus clouds hung low down; the sun was in a haze. We rode slowly over a wide, level, sandy plain towards the mountains. The country has the ap- pearance of having been rushed over by a large body of water. Little Sandy, eight miles; Dry Sandy, twelve miles, where we turned out to rest the mules. Then came Pacific creek, which we followed up to Pacific spring, the last water running west. Then for two or three miles our road lay through a sandy, rough and stony ravine, be- tween two mountains, barren and very bleak, to the summit of South Pass, at an elevation of 7300 feet above the sea. Here was almost a level plain, spreading out north and south, bound- ed by the Wind river and the Green river moun- tains, which rose into the snowy regions. The snow was all about us, on both sides of the road, and lay cold and unmelting in the sunshine. The wind blew, too, and for ten miles our tired mules rushed over that frozen, uneven ground without whip, being forced to it to keep warm. We came to the Sweetwater station, slightly shel- tered from the snows, and having cooked and eaten our supper, wrapped ourselves in blankets, and started out to ride by the light of the young moon and the frozen stars. We camped by the roadside at midnight, in snow, having ridden sixty-eight miles to-day. THE SWEETWATER. On the 7th, after a few miles drive, on ascend- ing a long hill, we got the first view of the Rocky Mountains in the distance, towards which we always approached, following down the south bank of the Sweetwater. At noon we camped in a little cove formed by an angle in the rocks, which afforded grass and shelter for us all. We lay here two hours and cooked oysters; then I climbed a spur of the Rocky Mountains, and sat down to look about me. It was a different sight from what I had imagined. One scene appeared natural, a band of mountain goats, leaping from rock to rock to escape being shot. The mountains are only isolated piles of rocks rising out of a grassy plain, and these piles of rocks so detached that through or around them there is a good passage. There is very little timber and we have to depend upon sage brush and "chips" for fuel. There are no deep gorges, no wearisome ascents, no succession of hills to mount; but riding among streams in the wide plain, they stretch a tall black line north and south as far as the eye can reach. At night we rested near the Split Rock in view of the Three Tetons—prominent points for a long distance; afterwards drove 20 miles to the Devil's Gate station, arriving at midnight, 95 miles from Sweetwater station. Next day passing through the Devil's Gate, the Rocky Mountains were all behind us. All along the face of these rocks are covered with autograph inscriptions in tar or wheel grease, of the names of emigrants. One name there was that evidently belonged to the "strong minded." It appeared frequently in large let- ters and always over another thus. SUE A. [-]ETTY. JOHN H. PETTY. THE PLATTE. From Prospect hill we get a view of the Platte hills, and at night crossed the river at the Red Butes Station and camped—48 miles to-day. On the 9th, winding down the valley of the Platte twenty miles, we came to the Bridge Crossing. Here is an important point on the road. Government is erecting quarters for a permanent post. Three companies, two of Ar- tillery and one of Dragoons, are stationed there under Capt. Roberts. The houses are of logs, pointed with mud. The place assumes the ap- pearance of a town. Along the river bluffs a vein of bituminous coal creeps out, which will be of great value, as fuel would otherwise have to be brought from the Black hills, many miles distant. The old Indian trading post of Ri- chaud is here. It must be a bleak place in win- ter, as it is situated in a wide plain, over which the winds rush without obstruction. There was plenty of bad whiskey here, and we pro- cured a quantity of dried Buffalo meat. Our deserter was nearly suffocated with blankets and anxiety while the people and soldiers crowded around our wagon to learn the news. Our next station, Deer creek, 45 miles, we reached after noon. There are several log houses and Indian lodges, and it is named Da- cotah city. Two miles of the creek there is a large, square log fort, built last year by the Mor- mons, who intended to establish a settlement. They had the mail contract then, and this sta- tion was a part of the arrangement for carrying it. There is a good land and grass, and a large number of mules could be sustained, but the contract was taken away from them, and hav- ing proclaimed their independence, this settle- ment, like all others, was called into Zion. They at one time had 200 men at work here. Birnett, the old Indian trader, said he was sor- ry they left, for they were the best neighbors he every had—were very industrious, and paid him cash for all their purchases. Rode on 25 miles in the evening, crossing Box Elder creek, and camped near La Prele creek—70 miles to-day. Next morning, the 10th, in the hills of Wagon Hound creek, met Major Chorpenning's Cali- fornia mail wagon train. It consisted of one coach, 6 mules, 5 mail wagons, 4 mules, 4 six mule teams, and 40 loose mules, all in good order. The carriages are light, strong and ele- gant, and intended to accommodate four pas- sengers. They were built at Concord, expressly to run the mail to Placerville. The mules were all fine large animals, and when their equipments are added to this road, they will offer strong inducements to the traveling pub- lic. The outlay for Chorpenning's road has been enormous, but the Major is one of those men who believes that when a thing is worth doing, it is worth doing well. His road will be one of the best equipped in the whole country. A few hours afterwards, came up with Judge Eckles, and four 6 mule wagons. The Judge belongs to the Utah District Court, and had just arrived at his post, when he harnessed up his mules and put out for Washington. He is the man whose grand jury of teamsters, last winter, found bills of treason against the Mor- mon leaders. He is bringing along with him a little English girl, whose mother became a saint, and moved to Salt Lake, where she died, leaving a handsome property in England, which was claimed for the child by the Mor- mon Church. But the English Government interfered and demanded her restoration to her friends. The President requested Brigham to give her up, which he had done, and Judge Eckles, is the happy man employed to escort her to Washington, where the poor thing will doubtless be lionized, and a glorification some- what equal to the Koszta affair, will come off, in which the propensity of Democracy to relieve the distresses of poor foreigners, will be cele- brated. Democracy has shed many cold tears over its successes. ----- new page (VMSS792_S3_SS14_B17A_F3_I7_p001.jpg) Later from Utah. OUR SALT LAKE CITY CORRESPONDENCE. GREAT SALT LAKE CITY, U. T., Oct. 2,1858. Metropolitan Police Rules and City Morals—Session of a District Court—Crime and Criminals—Army Affairs— Civil Suit against Brigham Young—The Mail from Cali- fornia—A State Union Sought for—Population of the Territory—Their Antecedents and Proclivities, &c. Zion, for the last fortnight, seems to have resumed its wonted quietude. Whether this state of things is attribu- table to the police organization or not is a question of con- troversy between Mormons and Christians; but if it only continues I am willing to concede that the formidable array of the “one star” organization has awed the disor- derly into subjection to the city regulations. They have now in this city a police force of over two hundred strong. Almost every other man you meet upon the street is a policeman; and it would seem that they are intended to provoke quarrels rather than disperse unlaw- ful assemblages of men and preserve the peace generally. On Monday next, the 4th inst., the District Court for the Third Judicial district will convene—Judge Sinclair on the bench. There will be little or no criminal business before the court; not that there are no criminals, but because witnesses cannot be procured who will disclose to the Grand Jury facts which are known to the public, but which are and will be withheld from that corrector of public and private wrongs. But if the people had unmistakeable evidence, such as the quarter- ing of a considerable division of the army now in the Territory very near the city, at least within shooting distance of it, that there would he security for life after leaving the witness stand, then we might look and listen for disclosures that would chill the blood in a man’s veins. But so long as the Utah army remains quartered where it is, no criminal prosecutions can or will be instituted against persons who are now looked upon as criminals, not only in Utah, but wherever the records of the past history of this bloody Territory have been read and distributed. There will be some civil suits during the present term of the court—one against Brigham Young, Daniel H. Wells, and others, for the false imprisonment of a young man by the name of McNeil, of the State of Lou- isiana, during the last winter and spring. Of the circum- stances of this young man’s case, however, the public have learned something, and I shall not, therefore, trou- ble your readers or the public with a rehash of the details. For this imprisonment he has brought suit against the parties for $50,000 damages; and should his case be con- fided to the hands of a fair and impartial jury, his pros- pects for a judgment for the above sum would indeed be flattering. The United States mail arrived in this city on the even- ing of the 30th ult. from California, making the trip with- in the contract time, which is sixteen days from Cali- fornia to this place. It brought no news of importance from the Pacific coast, except that it was reported in the California papers generally that Governor Cumming, of Utah, had been baptized, and was now negotiating for a “spiritual.” There is no longer any necessity for disguising the fact that the leading men of this community sanguinely expect the admission of this Territory into the Union as a State during the next session of Congress for 1858-59. What their hopes are founded upon I have not been able defi- nitely to ascertain. But the following are some of the reasons that have induced this belief:—First, they claim that they have one hundred thousand population; second- ly, that they are a law abiding people; and third, that the government or Congress of the United States have no right, in [-]iew of these facts, to withhold from them a State governm[---]. If these statements are correct (and Mor- mons fe[---] believe them), then they are unquestion- ably en[---] as a matter of right, to a State government should th[---]k for one that is republican in form. But are [---] statements correct? I have been looking and searching for a record of the census of the Territory, which it is claimed was taken a few years ago, but have not been able as yet to find one. Whether there is any such record or not I have no means now of knowing. But this matters not. From the estimates of reliable men from different sections of the Territory as to the population of the several towns and settlements throughout the Territo- ry, I would not be wrong in saying that the permanent population of the entire Territory does not now exceed fifty thousand souls; and if the census of the Territory were taken now, I should not be surprised to find the per- manent population less than forty-five [---]sand. These conclusions are arrived at from data furnished by reliable men. But admit, for the sake of Mormon veracity, that there is a population in this Territory of one hundred thousand souls, that they are a law-abiding people, &c., it must not be forgotten that nearly one-half of this popula- tion are anti-Brigham Mormons, that they are dissatisfied with the Mormon government as it has been conducted by the Prophet, Priest and King, and are determined to leave the Territory as soon as the roads shall he open to Missouri and California next season. But if there is a population at present of only fifty thousand souls, and one-half of that number shall leave the Territory within the next twelve months, which every man who mixes with the masses and learns their feelings and purposes must admit, then a State government, if granted by Congress, would have to be kept up by a population of twenty-five thousand souls, who are already reduced to a state of almost absolute poverty by various systems of t axation that have been im- posed upon them by ambitious and designing men, in the “name of the Lord.” And, moreover, that class of the population that have determined to cut themselves loose from this holy system of enslavement and to leave the Territory are Americans, with some few exceptions, while the population that would remain here are chielly foreign born and unnaturalized, knowing nothing about the insti- tutions of our free system of government, and content with any system, however despotic it may be in its forms and practical workings. They have no love for the chief Executive, by whom their necks have been snatched from the halter that they by their own treasonable acts had prepared for themselves, or for that government which secures to them (would they obey its mandates) “ life, liberty and the pursuit of happ[-] ness." ----- new page (VMSS792_S3_SS14_B17A_F3_I7_p002.jpg) As to their being a law abiding people, loving the Con- stitution and laws of the United States, their past history is before the country, and of this the people must judge. As to their right to a State government, their population, their loyalty to the government, and their present “do- mestic institutions,” must be taken into consideration and a conclusion arrived at during the next session of Con- gress, as they intend renewing their application whether or not the people of Utah are entitled to a State govern- ment. ----- new page (VMSS792_S3_SS14_B17A_F3_I8_p001.jpg) EVENING BULLETIN. FRIDAY, NOVEMBER 5,1858.] From the Rocky Mountains. [Correspondence of the St. Louis Republican.] SIOUX CITY, (Iowa,) Oct. 25, 1858,—I would chronical the arrival last night at the port of Sioux City of the Mackinaw boat; “Capt. Frost,” direct from the Rocky Mountains. The “Capt. Frost,” named in honor of your well known fellow citizen, is an A No. 1 boat, ninety feet long, carrying twelve oars on the high pressure principle; “com- modious, new and elegant—for superior cabin ac- commodations apply on board.” She has been ably officered on the route by E. G. Atkinson, Esq., the gentlemanly manager of the Fur Com- Company, as captain; Mr. Francis, of Philadel- phia, as clerk, and Mr. Redfield, of Fort Randall, steward. She brings down as passengers, in ad- dition to these gentlemen, Mr. McCulloch, of your city, and Mr. Holbrook, of Virginia. Her papers from Fort Benton, bear date of Sep- tember 15, at which time all was quiet at that point; of the Blackfeet Indians, the Gros Ventre tribe having received their annuities at the mouth of Milk River, the Piegans at the Judith, and the Bloods, being daily expected to arrive at the Fort. The Government goods have been de- livered this year in better condition thau usual, the “Capt. Frost” and “Col. Stewart,” on which they were cordelled, having been roofed over their entire length. The U. S. Indian Agent, Col. A. J. Vaughn, (from whose annual report, brought down by the boat, we extract the above particu- lars,) we can assure his numerous friends, still stands “erect upon his pasterns,” “bold and vigo- rous.” Mr. Malcolm Clark still presides at Fort Campbell, with that urbanity so character- istic of him, bappy in the co-operation, during the ensuing year, of Mr. F. Curtis, of St. Louis, a young man whose accurate business habits and unassuming demeanor, render him an invaluable clerk. Mr. Alexander Culbertson, was still at Fort Benton, but since the arrival of the Bur- geois, M. Shamplain, was intending to leave for Fort Union, from which post he will make the overland journey to the States in the winter. The Fort had received a visit during the first of Sep- tember, from Maj. Owens, of Fort Owens, W. T., Indian Agent for the Flatheads, and Fathers Con- giato and Horcken, from the mission of St. Igna- tius, among the Pend Oreille Indians. Maj. Owens had a narrow escape from Walla Walla, during the late Indian disturbances in Washington, and re- ports the tribes eastward of that point to be un- settled and not reliable. Senor Congiato is the Superior General of the Missions of Oregon and Washington, and crossed the mountains to deter- mine the feasibility of establishing a mission among the Blackfeet Indians of Nebraska. The good fathers expressed themselves greatly pleased with the change which has come over the Blackfeet of late years, and declared their intention to estab- lish a new mission next Spring on Sun river, fifty miles West of Fort Benton. It is at this spot, on account of its fertility, :that Col. Vaughn has de- cided to locate the farm guaranteed by United States treaty to the Blackfeet, and a new town is already laid out by the name of “Atkinson.” This will be an important depot on the wagon road from the Columbia to St. Paul, now under survey by Lieut. Mullan, as here the road merges from the mountain region into the Missouri Prairie, and settlers from the Fur Company's posts being al- ready attracted to the place, corner lots now com- mand a premium. At the various forts on the river below, the In- dians were quiet at Fort Clark; Big Head, the greatest chief of the Sioux, being found on a friendly visit to their old enemies, the Recs, with whom they have just concluded a peace. At Fort Randall, the seasonable return of the United States troops has increased the garrison to six companies, the presence of which has a most salutary effect upon the Indians. The Capt. Frost has made the trip from Fort Benton to this place in thirty-seven days, a pas- sage unsurpassed in quickness. She is now in search of the head of steamboat navigation,which unfortunately happens at the present time to be somewhere below Sioux City. Her passengers are loud in their praises of the boat and her command- er, and even speak of continuing in her to St. Louis. At all events you will speedily see them once again in your city. ----- new page (VMSS792_S3_SS14_B17A_F3_I9_p001.jpg) NEW-YORK DAILY TRIBUNE, WEDNESDAY, OCTOBER 13, 1858 [Column 1] INTERESTING FROM UTAH. THE COURTS—SOUTHERN UTAH—JOURNEY FROM SALT LAKE TO FILLMORE—WINTER QUARTERS —MOUNT NEBO—MORMON TOWNS—THE CAP- ITOL—AN INDIAN FARM—POLYGAMY—SCARC- ITY OF TIMBER --- GOOD CROPS From Our Special Correspondent. GREAT SALT LAKE CITY, U. T., September 10, 1858. The Judges and the Territorial Secretary started on their journey to Fillmore from the camp of the army, in Cedar Valley, on Tuesday, August 24. The object of the trip, on the part of the former, was to fix the times and places of holding the United States District Courts throughout the Territory, which they are required by law to do at the Territorial seat of Government; on the part of the Secretary, to examine the condition of the Capitol building, and report the same to the Department of the Interior. Their escort consisted of a squadrom of dragoons, its officers being Capt. W. D. Smith, and Lieuts. Haight and Livingston. From Salt Lake City, there is a broad, well-beaten road, running through Provo, along the eastern side of Lake Utah, to Fill- more, a distance of about 160 miles, and thence still southward 95 miles further to Parowan. This is the route over which passes the travel to San Bernardino and San Diego, in southern California, the same route by which Col. Kane reached the city last March. But from Cedar Valley, which lies west from the lake, there is a cut-off intersecting the main road, at the foot of Mount Nebo, fifteen or sixteen miles south of the lake. The plan of our journey was to travel down by the cut-off on the west of the lake, and to return along the eastern shore, passing on our route through the whole chain of Mormon settle- ments, between Salt Lake City and Fillmore. Six or eight miles from the camp we reached the spot where cantonments are being erected for the Winter quarters of the army. It is near the center of the valley. The ground slopes gradually toward the east, and is covered with a tangled growth of wild sage and greasewood. The lake is invisible from this point, although the view of it can be had from the present camp of the army through a notch in the mountains. Six large frame building, like the freight depots of the most Western railroads, have been constructed for the reception of the Quarter- master's and Commissary stores. The troops on the ground were busy building their company quarters from adobes, which are supplied by forty or fify Mormon workmen hired for the purpose from Payson, Springville, and Provo. The bricks were drying in the sun all along the road. During the afternoon we crossed a broad but low dividing ridge into Tintick Valley, so named after a Utah chief, and camped on the shore of the lake at sun- set. In all Cedar Valley there was but one Mor- mon settlement, a little adobe corral containing half a dozen houses. The inhabitants had only recently returned, and begun to learn that the troops are not all ogres and ghouls. For a mile and more on the north and south of our camp the lake was fringed thirty feet deep with tall rushes, which dotted the water also to the dis- tance of two or three hundred yards from the shore. We were so coated with dust that it would have been hard to discover a difference in the color of our garments and our faces; so, after sunset we broke a pathway through the rushes and essayed a swim, but, though we waded into the lake several hundred feet beyond the reeds, the water nowhere reached above our elbows. Opposite us the mouth of Provo Canon was so clearly defined, that it seemed as if a good swimmer could reach it within an hour, although it must have been nearly twenty miles distant, for the lake at this point is about fourteen miles wide. Passing through Tintick Valley the next morn- ing, we came to the town of Goshen, containing 70 famlies. All the dwellings were rude huts of turf or logs, facing upon a square a few hundred feet in diameter. The whole was surrounded by a turf wall, outside which were large stacks of hay and grain. There was but one polygamist in the town —the Bishop, Phineas Cook, who had but two wives. His house, though the best in the place, contained only two rooms—one a bedroom, the other a kitchen, in which sat the two women, mak- ing baby-clothes. We lunched outside the wall, on cool buttermilk and bread, which the people were glad to sell us, near a stack of wheat, on which sat a pretty, young girl, braiding straw for hats. A group of inhabitants gathered around us, and one of them —an old fellow tremulous with palsy, and supporting himself on a crutch and a cane—lectured us on the necessity of polygamy to the acquirement of celestial glory. He said that, to get glory enough to be com- fortable in heaven, at least three wives were essen- tial: that he had as yet but one, and was so old and sick and poor that he could not get another in this world, but immediately after his death the Prophet Joseph would appear and confer on him the two other requisite. Driving on, we ascended the ridge separating Tintick from Juab Valley, passed through a narrow canon, and descended a long hill into Juab. We made our camp for the night at the foot of Mount Nebo, the loftiest peak of the Wahsatch range. Its hight has not been definitely ascertained, but is supposed to nearly equal that of Fremont's Peak in the Wind River Mountains—13,000 feet. W. W. Phelps, the Devil in the Mormon endowment, claims to have stood on its summit, but the claim is somewhat apocryphal. When we first entered Salt Lake Valley in June, the snow was brilliant on this mountain, but it is now covered with a thick coating of dust. One of our party, who had passed many years in the south of France, re- marked that the appearance of its dun-colored drifts reminded him forcibly of the aspect of the Pyrennees in Summer. Just before reaching camp, we passed a group of huts, which had been built and occupied during the emigration to the south. Many of them were wick-ee-ups, or lodges, con- structed like those in Echo Canon. Others were made by planting two rows of willow branches in the ground, six or eight feet apart, bending them and weaving the twigs together so as to form an archway. Others still were mere holes dug in the bank, the earth thrown out being erected into a sort of breastwork. The next morning we were shivering. The mer- cury had sunk nearly to the freezing-point; but as soon as the sun rose above the mountain, the tem- perature began to change so rapidly that long be- fore noon we were wilted by the heat. Some of the dragoons could hardly keep their saddles. A few miles brough us to the town of Nephi on Salt Creek, built at the foot of Sandy Spur of Mount Nebo. It is surrounded by a mud wall, about half a mile square and ten feet high. The streets run perpendicularly to the walls. It is well watered, and contains many substantial adobes. The popu- lation is about 750; the name of the Bishop, Jacob Bigler. We halted at the Tithing-Office, where the captain designed to make a purchase of grain from the ecclesiastical authorites, which he readily effected. Our ambulance was soon surrounded by a group of boys, clamoring for us to buy water- melons. The Tithing-Ofiice here, as in almost ev- eay settlement through which we passed on the journey, was the best building in the town. The lower story was divided into bins filled with wheat. The upper story was filled with grain in bags. On the outer door was posted Gov. Cumming's procla- mation of June 14, announding the "honorable "adjustment of recent difficulties" and the "res- "toration of peace to our Territory." We crossed the street to a long, low mud house, to get a glass of buttermilk. Two thirds of the room was oc- cupied by cradles and bedsteads. The person who brought the milk—a healthy-lookng girl, about eighteen years old, told us that she came from Westchester in New-York with her parents when she was eight years old, and that she and her sis- ters were wives of one man. She retained some sense of shame, for she blushed when she men- tioned the latter fact. Her parents lived in the same house. We passed out from Nephi, as we passed in, under an archway on which hung heavy wooden gates. The next morning we crossed a ridge, out of Juab Valley into the valley of the Sevier River, which is spanned by a wooden bridge. The Sevier at this point is about as large as the Sweetwater at [Column 2] the Three Crossings. The water is of the color and has much of the taste of the Mississippi. Here the main ridge of the Wahsatch range appeared to run west of us. Mount Nebo appeared isolated on the north, and its eastern slope seemed to be a precipice, with an almost perpendicular descent of serveral thousand feet. After traveling ten or twelve miles beyond the Sevier, we entered a nar- rower valley, called Round Valley, and camped near some spirngs at the foot of a mountain, which, like all those visible during the day, was well wooded toward the summit, and very rocky. Dur- ing the entire day's march we did not see a house or a cultivated filed. That evening, among some Indians who rode into camp, was a brother of Arapine, the prominent Utah Chief, who is a bap- tized Mormon. Fifteen miles travel the next morning brough us to Cedar Springs, a little settlement of a dozen famlies, ten miles from Fillmore, and under the supervision of the Bishop of that town. Here a sister-in-law of Jedge Drummond was living, a raw-boned woman, perfectly insane on the subject of Mormonism. On our return we camped close in the vicinity of this place, and she ranted to us how God would deliver the Philistines into the hands of the Saints, to be smitten during the Win- ter, as Joshua smote the men of Ai. This settle- ment is in Parawan Valley, which we had entered over a lofty ridge. It is the most extensive valley I have seen in the Territory, being bounded on the south and west by mountains faint and blue in the distance. The White Mountains, to which it was rumored during the Spring that the Mormons in- tended to make an ultimate retreat, were dimly visible in the western horizon. In this valley, about thirty miles west from Fillmore, the Sevier empties into a lake which has no outlet. By damming the river, which could readily be done, the area of arable land in the valley might be quintupled. As it is, however, all the settlements, as in every other valley along the Wahsatch range, lie on little creeks at the foot of the western slopes of the mountains. Fillmore is so situated. Unlike Nephi, it is not surrounded by a wall, although the fragments of mud forts erected during the Indian war of 1853 exist all about the town. The population is near seven hundred. The Bishop, Lewis Brunson, has also under his control the settlement of Cedar Springs on the north, and that upon Meadow Creek, about equi-distant on the south. The Cap- itol is the only prominent building in the place. It stands on a broad open lot in the center of the town, within no inclosure, and surrounded by piles of dirt, and chips, and rubbish. The escort was halted within the lot, and the Secretary on enter- ing the building found all the doors locked except those of his own office, on the first floor, in which some printers were working on the types and ma- chinery of The Deseret News, the Church news- paper. The sight rather astonished him, inasmuch as he had not been informed by the late Acting Secretary, W. H. Hooper, that the building had been transformed into a printing office; but, on the contrary, had been given to understand that it was unoccupied. While a messenger was sent for the keys, a motley group of Mormons and Indians collected around the carriage. Some of the latter were more sparsely clothed than was becoming, for a band fastened around the waist, from which depended two short woolen flaps, one before and one behind, constituted their sole apparel. Their old legs were all shriveled up, and they were very ill-favored in their features. They belonged to the band of Pah-vantes, or Paravants. The name of their principal chief is Canosh. He lives on Corn Creek, then miles south of the town, where a gov- ernment farm has been established for the benefit of his band, and conducted hitherto under the su- pervision of Dr. Hurt. It was by this tribe of Paravants that Lieut. Gunnison and his party were murdered, not forty miles from Fillmore; and they have been guilty of more recent crimes. The keys were soon procured and the party pro- ceeded to examine the building. The plans of the architect, which I saw during the afternoon, show that the orginal design was for an edifice in the shape of a Greek Cross, with a rotunda in the cen- ter 60 feet in diameter. Only one wing has been completed. The construction is very substantial. The foundation was laid with flag-stones three feet wide, on which rise the walls of rough hammered sand stone of an intense deep red. The basement is divided into eight rooms, resembling cells, im- perfectly lighted and wholly useless for legislative purposes. On the first floor a corridor seven feet wide runs the entire length of the building, from which open six well-finished, airy rooms, 12 feet high. The second floor is entirely occupied by a legislative hall, 60 feet long, 40 wide, and 18 high. This is entered by a flight of rough wooden steps running up outside the northern end of the build- ing. There is also a private entrance by a narrow flight of stairs, from one of the rooms on the first floor. The furniture had almost all disappeared. In the hall none was found except half-a-dozen tables, as many spittoons, a few arm chairs and a bass drum. In the rooms on the first floor there were some desks, most of which had been turned to use in the printing office. In the basement nothing was found except a dilapidated bedstead. The Secretary is entirely ignorant what has become of the rest of the furniture. None of it has been turned over to him at Salt Lake City, and no ac- count has been rendered concerning it by his pre- deceessor. The result of the examination of the building was to convince me fully of the untruth of the inti- mation, in the resolution of the Legislature of 1856-7 removing the seat of government to Salt Lake City, that the capitol at Fillmore did not fur- nish suitable accomodations for legislative pur- poses. It is the most spacious and commodious, as well as the best built edifice in the Territory. With a few trifling alterations it can furnish ac- commodations to the Supreme Court as well as to the Legislature. More than $30,000 have been expended on it by the National Government, although its actual cost has not much exceeded half that sum. The money was paid from the Na- tional Treasury into the hands of Brigham Young as Governor of the Territory. He then, as the head of the Mormon Church, set his people upon it to work out their tithing. He placed his own estimate upon the value of their labor, and credited himself as "Trustee in Trust" of the Church with the amount. I do not assert that all the work was performed in this manner, but I am sure that at least two-thirds of it was. The seat of Govern- ment was located at Fillmore in the Fall of 1851, but only one Legislature has ever been convened there—that of 1855-6. The other sessions have been held in Social Hall, in Salt Lake City, a building which belongs to the Church, and is used as a dance-room and a theater when not occupied by the Legislature. For the use of this Hall the United States has been made to pay to the Church at the rate of an annual rent of more than $7,000, while the total cost of the building cannot have ex- ceeded that sum, and while there has been at the real seat of government a building infinitely more commodious, erected expressly for Legislative purposes, and belonging to the United States itself. I forgot to mention, that by the plan of the build- ing which I saw, it appeared that it was designed to insert the following inscriptions in the panels above the windows of the Legislative hall of the Capitol: "United we stand, divided we fall, for "union is strength and God loves it." Mr. Hartnett, the Secretary, had been instrusted by the Superintendent of Indian Affairs with some unimportant commissions concerning Canosh—such as to procure him two plows, half-a-dozen shirts, etc. He accordingly sent a message to Corn Creek, and word was returned during the evening that Canosh would come up the next day. The dra- goons made their camp on the bank of the City Creek, close in the vicinity of the corral of the Tithing-Office, which was full of huge stacks of grain. The next morning (Sunday,) sure enough, up came Canosh, about 9 o'clock, but brought 50 war- riors with him, armed for a fight, and unattended by squaws, a sure sign of a hostile disposition. His men posted themselves east of the capitol, and when we went to meet the chief, they were drawn up in array, the horsement in front, and the foot- men behind them at regular intervals—as ugly a set of cut throats in appearance as I ever saw. Hardly one of them had any of the symmetry of features or dignity of bearing which is common among the Indians of the Plains. Canosh was induced, with- out trouble, to step aside into the shadow of the capitol, when Mr. Hartnett explained his errand and made a contract for breaking about twenty [Column 3] acres of ground on the Indian Farm and sowing it with wheat. The Judges and the Captain then held a conversation with him. In answer to their questions he said he had 24 lodges and about 90 warriors. They impressed on hiim the fact he must look to the Superintendent for his presents, and cease to levy black mail on American travelers to California, over the southern road. He made a speech at last, in which he expressed his willing- ness to be friendly to "Americans" so long as they were friendly to him; but, said he, I want you to understand, that if they use blackguard talk to me I can talk as much like a blackguard as any of them. His remarks were translated by a Mormon interpreter, who seemed desirous to make ill feel- ing if he could. Indeed, there was good reason to believe that Canosh had been induced to bring his warriors up at the instigation of Mormons. They had abandoned their position and crowded around us during the talk, and now began a shaking of hands from which it was impossible to escape. Each man seemed determined to express his good will by the length of his shake and the tightness of his squeeze. Canosh then followed us into the Legislative Hall, with an Indian interpreter, where he ate four melons and blackguarded all the Utah Chiefs with whome he was on bad terms. He told us that he was a baptized Mormon, and asked us to tell the Superintendent to send him a watch, two wagons and a set of harness, some furniture, and some workmen to build him an adobe house, that he might live like a white man. In brief, he was amusingly unreasonable in his requests. There were no religious services in the town during the day. In the afternoon the camp was crowded with boys and men bringing vegetables, milk, eggs and butter to sell, or attracted by curi- osity. One of our visitors was an old man named Eldridge, from North Carolina. He was a mem- ber of the Legislature during the year in which it sat at Fillmore, and made a speech one day against the system of theocracy, which he declared that Brigham was establishing. "If you united Church and State," said he, "they will both go to hell." He was possessed of a comfortable property at the time, but began from that very moment to run down in the world until now he is almost wholly destitute; but he remains as zealous a Mormon as ever, and recounted with great fervor his mission- ary experiences in the Southern States. He said that John C. Calhoun once entertained him at his house and permitted him to hold a meeting on his plantation. Being encouraged, the old fellow stated that he was a phrenologist, and proceeded to examine our bumps with a view to our adaptation to Mor- monism. He pronounced me incapable of ever becoming a convert, on account of a lack of "ven- eration." We left Fillmore on Monday noon, but traveled so slowly on account of the condition of the dra- goon houses that we did not reach Nephe, 70 miles distant, until Thursday. After passing Cedar Springs, throughout the entire distance there is not an inhabitant. Our camp at Nephi was just outside the town corral in which a guard is kept every night to protect the stock from Indian depredations. The only circumstances worth noticing during our stay there, were the sight of a Church express running with mail bags which were surely once the property of the United States; and that of an Indian squaw and a white woman, both wives of one man, sitting side by side on a fence rail in front of his house. The next day (Sept. 3), we drove to Payson, near the southeastern shore of Lake Utah. The town was once named Pet-tete-nete, after the chief superintendence of Dr. Hurt in its vicinity. On the way we passed through the settlement of Summit Creek, with about 400 inhabitants, 18 miles from Nephi, beautifully situated on a clear, swift, and wooded brook, and overlooking most of Lake Utah and the towns along its eastern shore. In the principal street of the village women were busy sifting out the seeds from wild flax. Down the slope from the town to the bottom land along the lake the road was bounded on the west by a mud wall several miles in length; on the east it skirted the mountains. Behind the wall were broad fields of wheat, flax, Chinese sugar-cane and sunflowers, which last are raised for the sake of the oil which is extracted from their seed. We had entered now on the most fertile portion of the Mormon settle- ments. Between the mountains, which form a semi-circle around the eastern border of Lake Utah and the shore of the lake, there is a strip of bottom land varying in width from two to nine miles. It is well watered by creeks flowing down from the canons, among which are the Spanish Fork and the Provo or Timpanogas—the latter a considerable stream, having nearly half the volume of the Jordan at full water. Along the edge of this broad bottom are situated Payson with about 1,500 inhabitants, Spanish Fork settlement with 3,000, Springville with 2,000, Provo with 4,500; then on the rising ground above Provo Bench, Battle Creek and American Fork Settlements, each little larger than the viillage at Summit Creek; and finally on the north of the lake Lehi with about 700. The estimate which the Mormons make of the population of these towns is about 25 per cent greater than my own. There are also one or two villages, dependencies of one or the other of these towns, with a population of 200 or 300. On the western border of the lake there is not a single settlement. The mountains slope down nearly to the shore, leaving no bottom land suscep- tible of cultivation. The broad "State" road from Salt Lake City to Fillmore runs through all the towns I have named, skirting the base of the mountains in its entire course around the lake. These mountains are broken by numerous canons, along the sides of which there is an ample growth of pines, firs and cedars. Their summits are huge masses of rock or piles of glittering sand, and are streaked with deep ravines in which the snow lingers throughout all the Summer. The average altitude of these mountains must be between 9,000 and 10,000 feet. The scenery of the valley of Lake Utah is among the most beautiful in the whole Territory. A great part of the bottom land has been redeemed, is well fenced, thoroughly irrigated, and cultivated with care. The rest of it is divided into herd grounds for the stock of the various towns. Between Pay- son and the Spanish Fork settlement is a Reserva- tion of about 12,000 acres, on which is situated Dr. Hurt's Indian Farm. In Payson relics of the emigration to the South were still visible—rude board shanties, wick-ee-ups thatched with straw, mud huts, log cabins, and bowers of willow branches covered with wagon sheets. The most common quarters of the emi- grants, however, appeared to have been made by removing a wagon body from its wheels, placing it on the ground and building in front of it an arbor of cedars or willows. Around some of these habi- tations were scattered three or four bedsteads in the open air. In fact, two-thirds of the furniture which the Mormons seem to possess are bedsteads. During the return from the South it was noticeable that at least one wagon out of three was entirely filled with them. Every room in almost every house in Salt Lake City which I have ever entered contains at least one. We drove through the streets of the town just at the hour when the schools were dismissed, and the public square was sprinkled with boys and girls of every age from four to four- teen. In Salt Lake City instruction at the schools has not been resumed. The Mormon children, so far as I have been able to observe, show no signs of the physical degeneracy which might be ex- pected from their parentage. I have rarely seen children who seemed to possess more rugged health. The grave-yard near Salt Lake City, however, bears witness that a remarkably large proportion of them die at an early age. After our escort had gone into camp, part of us engaged a rough wagon to take us to the Indian Farm, where we proposed to pass the afternoon and night, and rejoin the column the next morning. The farm-house is a large two-storied adobe, eighty feet long, twenty wide, with a cellar forty feet in length. The lower floor is occupied by a spacious kitchen, the agent's office, a "commissary room," and the granary. At the northern end, outside the house, is a large bake-oven. The second story is devoted to sleeping apartments. One-half of it is occupied by the farmer, a Mormon named Becke, and his family. In the other half are quartered some Mormon families, who took possession of the building during the emigration, but have not the means to return. The superintendent has not seen fit to remove them. Dr. Hurt's term of office has expired, but he retains a temporary supervision over the farm at the request of the superintendent, while he is attending to his private business pre- paratory to returning to the States. A number of [Column 4] Indians were on the premises, among whom I recognized several faces which I had seen at Camp Scott during last Winter. About a dozen were working on the farm. After tea we took a walk around that part of the land which is under culti- vation. It all lies within the boundary of a ditch constructed for the purpose of irrigation, which incloses a square of about 900 acres. More than 300 acres have been redeemed by grubbing up the greasewood bushes and distributing the water, but only a portion of these have been cultivated during the present year. The crop of wheat this year will be about 2,000 bushels. Last year it exceeded 4,000, although the Mormon agent, Armstrong, did not report 3,000. The Indians, the Doctor told us, were not nearly so well disposed to labor as before the commencement of the disturbances last Sum- mer. After the Mormons drove him from the farm in September, the Indians saw the crops they had been taught to consider their own appropriated by the Bishops of the neigh- boring towns, the cattle driven away to Salt Lake City, and the farm-house occupied by strangers. To be sure, prudence dictated to the Mormons, into whose hands it fell, to distribute the crop among the Indians for whom it was raised, but there is no question that the distribution was attended by fraud. A great part of Pet-tete-nete's band, which received its chief sustenance from the farm, passed the Winter among the mountains, and it was hard to induce the young men to return to labor after they had enjoyed so long a taste of their former vagrant life. While walking through the cattle-yard, I noticed that many of the oxen bore the brand of Russell & Waddell. I have al- luded in a previous letter to the fact that the Mor- mons replaced the fat United States cattle, which they stole from the farm last Autumn, with lean United States cattle which they stole from the army on Ham's Fork about the same time. They appropriated, also, about fifty head of stock, the private property of Dr. Hurt, to the disposition of which no clue has been furnished, and probably never will be. According to Gov. Cumming's proclamation, the criminality of such an offense is all absolved by President Buchanan's pardon. Among the other products of the farm there were several varieties of tobacco, all growing thriftily. There was also a broad field of flax. The water of the irrigating ditches is supplied from the Spanish Fork, which flows through the reserve. The wa- ter, the Doctor tells me, is subject to very singular changes after showers on the mountains. There are enormous beds of gypsum on the northern slopes of Mount Nebo, which are drained by the stream, and after a heavy shower on that mountain the water becomes almost milky white. The next day at noon we reached Provo, passing on the way through Spanish Fork settlement and Springville. Both these towns, as well as Payson, were marked, like Fillmore, by fragments of mud- walls pierced with loop-holes, built for defense against the Indians. In all of them we noticed bowers or arbors made by planting posts in the ground and weaving a flat roof of willow twigs over them. In these it is customary to hold the religious meetings during the warm weather. The most extensive bowers in the Territory was within Temple Square, at Salt Lake City, close to the Tabernacle building. There is, however, no ves- tige of it now remaining. The building which Brigham Young occupied during his stay at Provo has been converted into the Tithing-Office of the town. It consists of a row of rough board shanties running along one side of a square which is inclosed within a high board fence. Several other smaller huts are scattered along the remaining sides. From the roof of the principal shanty project eleven adobe chimneys. All the windows open upon the square and none upon the streets. The occupants of the harem, however, desirous to catch a glimpse of the outer world, gratify their curiosity by punching knots out of the pine boards and making reconnoisances through the holes. The square is at present half filled with stacks of hay and grain. The same afternoon I left the party and rode on to Salt Lake City, 50 miles distant, where I arrived about midnight. The result of the tour was to convince me that an intelligent judgment of the condition of the Mormon community cannot be formed by observ- ing merely that portion of it which resides at Salt Lake City. It is there that the influence of the priesthood is most intense, and precisley in propor- tion to the intensity of that influence in any place is the prevalence of polygamy and the display of animosity toward Gentiles. I knew that the Glad- donites (who are more numerous in this community than is believed). assert that a majority of the married inhabitants of the Territory are mono- gamists. I attach much more credit to their assertion than before I undertook the journey. I found a greater disparity in the wealth of the southern settlements, as compared with Salt Lake City, than I had believed. Throughout them all there appears to be a great equality in the division of property, or perhaps I should say rather that the population is reduced to a state of uniform pov- erty. In Salt Lake City, however, there is a col- lection of Presiding Elders, High Priests, Apostles, &c., who are stipendaries of the Church, enjoy comfortable incomes from berding grounds, ferry privileges, tracts of woodlan in canons, &c., of which they have secured grants from the Territo- rial Legislature, and have large, well-furnished houses, plenty of horses and cattle, and numerous wives. The presence of these people forces itself on one's notice every day. They consitute an aristocracy which the common people regard with envy. Their sons are not apprenticed to any trade, nor sent to the East to be liberally educated. They grow up generally ignorant, conceited and brutal. Outside Salt Lake City, this aristocracy is limited in numbers. In the smaller towns it is confined to the immediate families of the Bishops and the Presi- dents of the "stakes." Hence, there is more inde- pendence of character in their population than in that of the city, although, even among them, as a Mormon expressed to me at Payson, "a man who "sets himself in opposition to the priesthood might "as well be in hell." All the inhabitants of the southern towns are agriculturists. In Provo, there are several small manufacturing establishments, for which the abundant water power of the Timpanogas River furnishes great facilities; but from Salt Lake City to Fillmore, there is not a single store where dry goods or groceries are sold. The people have to come or to send to this city for their coffee, tea, sugar, shoes, calicoes, hats, &c. The blacksmith's trade is the only on which is self-supporting. The carpenters, shoemakers, &c., are all farmers, and practice their trades only during intervals from work on their fields. Most of the farming imple- ments I noticed were of inferior quality and well worn. The fields are usually inclosed within dirt walls. These are built by driving four posts into the ground, which support a case made of boards ten or twelve feet in length; this case is packed full of mud, which dries rapidly in the hot Summer sunshine. When it is sufficiently dry to stand with- out crumbling, the posts and case are moved further along, and the same process is repeated. These walls are no more expensive than wooden fences, and are more lasting; for the rails must be hauled from the canons, and in Winter time neither Indians nor beggarly Mormons are scrupulous about helping themselves to firewood wherever they can find it. The scarcity of wood is quite as great a drawback to the development of this country as the scarcity of rain. It is found nowhere except along the sides of the canons and on the tops of mountain ridges; and pine lumber is much dearer here than in Central Kansas, while there is no black walnut, as in that region, to supply its place. The church dignitaries who have grants of timber privileges from the Territorial Legislature, use them in a way which is oppressive to the people. For instance, Brigham Young demands the deposit in his corral of every third load of lumber hauled from the canon behind his houses, which he holds by such a grant. There is not a well-timbered canon nor a good herding ground along the whole Wahsatch range, on which is not plastered an un- constitutional grant to some church dignitary. The very Indian Reservation near Payson, which I have described in this letter, has been made the subject of such a grant, and Bishop Butler of Spanish Fork settlement, is now contesting the right of the Superintendent of Indian Affairs to reserve the land between the cultivated portion of the farm and Lake Utah. Indeed, the leaders of the Mormon church seem to have acted on the principle of the old Pilgrim resolutions, "That the [Column 5] "Lord gave the land to the Saints; that this is the "land; that we are the Saints." The crops in the valley of Lake Utah, are very abundant. The average yield of wheat there will be 30 bushels to the acre, and the price of grain this season is just double what it was last year. One of the most noticeable facts about all the southern towns is that there are no barns for the storage of hay and grain, and the stabling of animals. The wheat is usually stored in the gar- rets of the houses; the hay is stacked in the farm- yards; and the animals are herded throughout the Winter in sheltered pastures. In Salt Lake City, however, Brigham Young, Heber Kimball and other dignitaries have barns, stables and granaries, the sight of which would gladden the heart of a New-England farmer. But there, as elsewhere, the cattle of the lesser saints are sent to pick dry bunch grass on the mountain slopes from Novem- ber till May. This grass, grown at such an eleva- tion, possesses extraordinary nutritive properties even at midwinter. About the middle of January a new growth is developed underneath the snow, which forces off the old dry blade that ripened and shed its seed the previous Summer. It has been noticed, however, that where a field of bunch grass has been closely grazed for several successive gather on the 1st of July, and the directors of the Patent-Office would do well to cause a quantity to be collected next season for distribution in the States. Gov. Powell, on his return in July, took a package, with which he intended to experiment on his plantation in Kentucky. The poeple of the southern towns are not so cleanly and far more ragged in their dress than those of Salt Lake City. This is owing, first, to their poverty, and next, to the fact that the people of the city have had access to the stores of the Eastern merchants during the last six weeks. The sale of dry goods has been so unexpectantly large, even at the present exorbitant prices, that some of those merchants anticipate that the supply will be entirely exhausted before January, although a month ago, nothing was further from their ex- pectation. One fact was specially noticeable with regard to the southern people whom I have been describing. All the men wore shoes and stockings, but all the women and children were barefooted. From Fillmore to Provo I saw only one woman with a pair of shoes. The women also work in the fields, as in continental countries. Indeed, the ap- pearance of Springville, Payson, Nephi, or Fill- more reminded me more of that of a village in Würtemberg or Bavaria than of any town in the American States. ARRIVAL OF TRAINS—ARMY SUPPLIES—DRINK- ING, GAMBLING, AND FIGHTING—CONFUSION IN THE TERRITORIAL SECRETARY'S OFFICE—A NEW JOURNAL, &C. From Our Special Correspondent. GREAT SALT LAKE CITY, U. T., Sept. 11, 1858. On my return to the City from the south, I found a great change in the appearance of its prin- cipal streets. Long trains, freighted with supplies for the army or with goods for the merchants, are arriving daily, and the streets are white with wagon covers and noisy with the crack of ox-whips. In addition to the influx of teamsters, it seems as if Leavenworth City, Santa Fé, and San Francisco had each contributed its quota of blacklegs. Drink- ing saloons have been opened on Main street, and half a dozen gambling houses are scattered around the city, but thus far the proprietors of the latter have found few patrons outside their own frater- nity. The Mormons, or part of them, seem to ac- quiesce in this state of affairs with great compo- sure, and the principal drinking-saloon and gam- bling-room are in the Salt Lake House, a building under the control of the Church and the immediate superintendence of Heber C. Kimball. In front of this house fights are of daily occurrence. Night before last two gamblers shot one another in a store close in its vicinity. One of them died within an house and the other will follow soon. They came here from Leavenworth. It was in front of this hotel that Mr. Thomas S. Williams thrashed Elder George D. Grant a few days ago, Grant having pre- viously snapped a pistol at him, in the same store in which the gamblers dispatched one another. The origin of the dispute which led to the gamblers' fight was in Kansas. Their names were Peale and Rucker. Rucker is dead. You will perceive taht the two unruly Territories seem about to be con- nected by more sympathetic bonds than the myth- ical tie of Lane's Danite organization. The police are utterly inefficient. They were very officious when there were only two dozen Gentiles in the city six weeks ago, and dogged their steps by day, and wathced their houses by night with the utmost assiduity; but now they shrink from proper performance of duty. They cannot say that this negligence proceeds from a fear that they would encounted opposi- tion if they should arrest a Gentile for a breach of the peace, for such is not the case. They will be aided by Gentiles in every legal arrest they may attempt. There is a cause for the negligence (I do not say that it is the sole cause) in a desire to represent these gamblers and ruffians as the legiti- mate result of Eastern society, and to exaggerate the impropriety of their conduct with a view to exas- perating Mormon against Gentile—in short, a desire to make the Mormons feel like indigant martyrs. I have heard this desire expressed by at least one Mormon municipal official. The United States District Court will commence its session here on the first Monday in October, Judge Sinclair being the presiding Justice. The annual term for the Northern District (Judge Eckels's) is fixed to be held at Farmington on the first Monday in September; that for the Southern District (Judge Cradlebaugh's) at Fillmore on the first Monday in November. The Supreme Court will meet at Fillmore on the first Monday in Jan- uary. Judge Eckels will start for the East, on leave of absence, next Wednesday, the 15th. He will travel slowly, with his own outfit. The young English girl, Miss Henrietta Polydore, an account of whose case I gave in a recent letter, will be taken to Washington in his charge. The Danish Minister at Washington has made a request on the part of his Government (similar to that made by Lord Napier in the Polydore case) for intervention in behalf of a young girl abducted from her parents, who is now on her way to this city in a party of immigrants. It is questionable whether there is legal proof of the passage of a single Territorial statute. I am informed that there is not an enrolled bill on file in the office of the Territorial Secretary, nor a jour- nal of the proceedings at any legislative session; that the accounts of that office are in the utmost confusion, and that not a tenth part of the prop- erty appertaining to it or under its supervision has been delivered or accounted for to the present in- cumbent. It is just so with the records of the Clerk's office for this district. I have examined them to-day with care, and, notwithstanding Gov. Cumming's assertion to the contrary, they are not in a complete state of preservation. There is only one package of papers on file in the office, and that embraces those in no case previous to 1856. It consists principally of the papers which accumu- lated in the case of Marshal Dotson, Thomas D. Pitt, Joseph P. Waters and Thomas S. Williams, who were tried in February, 1857, on an indict- ment for entering the tannery the supervision of which had been left to Mr. Dotson by Mr. J. M. Hockaday, the owner of the property. This was the case during the pendency of which pistols were pointed at Judge Stiles in the Court-room and a knife was drawn on him in his private chamber. The very first one of the papers which I drew from the file was a petition for the dismissal from the bar of Gen. David H. Burr, signed by Hosea Stout, James Ferguson, J. C. Little and A. Miner, for the al- leged reason that the General was a "dishonorable creature." The only book which is on file in the office is a record book, of which not more than twenty pages are filled. There are no court, clerk's or fee dockets, no order books, no copies of instruc- tions from the Departments at Washington. There is no press for the seal, no stationery, and not a single piece of furniture. I am far from believing Gov. Cumming capable of a deliberate falsehood, but under what delusion he wrote to the Secretary of State as follows, under date of May 2, I am un- [Column 6] able to conceive: "Since my arrival I have been "employed in examining the records of the Su- "preme and District Courts, which I am now pre- "pared to report as being perfect and unimpaired." The following letters, which I have copied from the originals on file in the office, will show with what reluctance even the scanty records I have described were delivered up. "CLERK'S OFFICE, 3d JUDICIAL DIST., U. T. "G. S. L. CITY, Aug. 13, 1858. "SIR: A young gentleman, to me unkown, pre- sented a paper to me to-day purporting to be the ap- pointment of one Gilbert to the Clerkship of the Third Judicial District of this Territory. He stated that he was the appointee, and asked me for the records and the seal of the Court of that District. Should the pa- per referred to be genuine, I wish respectfully to call the attention of your Honor to the Act of Congress of Aug. 6, 1856. The 10th Section of that Act empow- ers each Judge of the Supreme Court of Territories to 'appoint one person as Clerk of the District over 'which he presides where one is not already ap- 'pointed.' "I received my appointment from the Hon. George P. Stiles, whose successor I presume you are, and I know of no sufficient reason for my removal. Your Honor will do me the kindess to give me your offi- cial construction of the statute quoted, and wheter or not you consider a Judge has any legal right to remove the Clerk of his District appointed by his predecessor, save for sufficient and legal cause. Should your de- cision be for my removal, the seal and records of the Court are subject to your order. "Very respectfully, your ob't serv't, J. W. CUMMINGS, "Clerk 3d Jud. Dist. Court, U. T. "The Hon. Judge SINCLAIR, U. S. Associate Justice, U. T." "GREAT SALT LAKE CITY, U. T., Aug. 14, 1858. "SIR: I have received, through Mr. Hartnett, your letter of the 13th inst. In answer, I have to say that I have appointed and qualified to the office which you lately held, Mr. Samuel A. Gilbert of this city. The fact of this appointment appearing to you under the sanction of my official signature, is the best evi- dence I can afford you of my opinion concerning my authority in the premises. "I respectfully suggest to you that my official opin- ions upon questions of law can only be obtained when the subjects to which they may apply shall be drawn in question before me in the discharge of my official duties. "I am very respectfully yours, "CHARLES E. SINCLAIR, "Asso. Jus. Sup. Court Utah Ter., "Ex-officio Judge IIId Judicial Dist. "J. W. CUMMINGS, esq., late Clerk of the U.S. District Court for the IIId Judicial District of Utah Territory." "GREAT SALT LAKE CITY, Aug. 16, 1858. "SIR: Your letter of the 14th inst. is received. It may not be becoming in me to differ with your Honor in regard to the present being a proper occasion to ask for your "official construction" of a statute while you are at the same time performing an official act which such construction must pronounce right or wrong. I am far from any inclination to contest at present what I most sincerely consider my clear right to retain my position as clerk of the Third Judicial District of this Territory. "In turning over the seal and the records of the Court, I respectfully submit to you Honor that I do so under my solemn protest, and under the honest im- pression, from a fair and natural construction of the statute formerly quoted, that my removal without any proper cause, and the appointment of my successor, is an assumption of a right clearly and unquestionably in opposition to law. "I have the honor to remain, very respectfully, "Your obedient servant, "The Hon. C. E. SINCLAIR." "J. W. CUMMINGS. The Judges made inquiry a few days ago for the records of the Supreme Court, and found that they were in the possession of Brigham Young. Judge Sinclair has been endeavoring to find the law library appertaining to himself as Judge of this District. He has not yet been able to discover a single book, nor will he be. They were burned, down to the last volume. Two companies of the 2d dragoons and one of the 5th infantry, forming a battalion under the command of Capt. Hawes of the dragoons, passed through this city on Wednesday on their way to the scene of the Indian disturbances on the Hum- boldt. They have taken with them supplies for two months. Mr. Francis Dodge, the newly appointed Indian Agent for Carson Valley, arrived from the States by the last mail, and will follow the troops, accompanied by Dr. Forney, the Superintendent, at the beginning of next week. Mr. Dodge is a nephew of Gen. Henry Dodge, formerly Senator from Wisconsin. He is familiar with the country and Indians of New-Mexico, having traversed the routes through that region repeatedly, but he has never before visited the tribes among which his present field of labor is situated. His knowledge, however, of the southern tribes will be of material assistance in the agency. The 6th infantry, which has commenced its march toward California, will pass along the Humboldt about the same time as Capt. Hawe's command. Mr. Kirk Anderson, formerly of The Missouri Re- publican, has arrived in the city during the week. A press, together with complete materials for the issue of a weekly newspaper, is among the freight in one of Russell & Waddell's trains. As soon as it arrives, Mr. Anderson will commence the issue of his journal. The press of The Deseret News has been removed from Fillmore to this city, and the last number of the paper was issued here. Gen. Johnston has ceased to exercise the imme- diate command over the army in Cedar Valley, having yielded it to Bvt.-Col. C. F. Smith of the 10th infantry. His duties are now confined to the supervision of the Department. It is expected that he will receive orders from the War Depart- ment to establish his headquarters in this city. The camp has been moved to the vicinity of the cantonments, which are in process of construction. From the Deseret News, Sept. 1. NOTICE.—Persons having Deseret currency, and not wishing to pay it on indebtedness or tithing, nor to place it on deposit, are requested to at once make a list of the numbers and values of the several notes in their possession, and furnish those lists to their re- spective Bishops, who will forward copies thereof to H. B. Clawson, Secretary of the Association, that it may be known where the bills are for which the holders would like to receive in exchange the ENGRAVED bills, which are now nearly finished. The above specified holders of currency who fail to comply with the requi- site and safe request herein contained are hereby noti- fied that, for good and sufficient reasons, which they can learn hereafter, they risk the barring of the redemp- tion or exchange of such bills by the Deseret Currency Association. BRIGHAM YOUNG. From the Deeeret News, Sept 8. PIC-NIC EXURSION.—Agreeably to invitation by President Birgham Young, the First Presidency, his Excellency Governor Cumming, and several other citizens, with ladies and children, rendezvoused, Aug- 26, at a romantic, shady location, a short distance above mill D in Big Cottownwood Canon, and around a commondions, bough-covered room built by the B. C. Lumber Company for the accommodation of those who might wish to participate in the dance. Capt. W. H. Hooper accompanied the Governor to the rendezvous and in returning, while Mrs. Cum- ming, upon her spirited pony, and escorted by Gen. Ferguson, enjoyed a wider and more picturesque view of the constantly shifting scenery than could those who occupied luxurious seats in carraiges. Music, dancing, and the song enlivened the social gathering, in the enjoyment of which none seemed to surpass the Governor and his lady. The party returned on the 28th, delighted and re- freshed by the pleasant drive, the pure canon breezes, and the two nights' and day's encampment amid leafy bowers by ice-cold streams. THE KENTUCKY STATE FAIR. Correspondence of The N. Y. Tribune. LOUSIVILLE, Oct. 4, 1858. The third annual exhibition of the Kentucky State Fair has just closed, having extended through five days. The display of stock and agricultural imple- ments was not very extensive, but the cattle were superb evidences of the improvements in Kentucky stock-raising, celebrated as she has heretofore been both for equine and bovine productions. The sheep- pens, too, have presented the finest sight I ever saw, whether in regard to the fleece or for consumption. Indeed, no one can form any idea of the delicious fla- vor of Kentucky mutton, until the test of acutal ex- periment under the carving-knife. All agriculturalists here pride themselves on this article, and some of the private tables of the Directors of the Society, spread at dinner-time on the Fair grounds, afforded ample tes- timony of its superlative good qualities. The Hon. Gibson Mallory, Speaker of our State Senate, Capt. Shirly, the extensive steamboat manager, and E. Huffman, esp., of this city, served up daily such sad- dles as I had never seen before, and had the veritable Jack Sprat and his wife enjoyed such a luxurious com- bination of fat and lean, there would have been no cause for the renewal of those fierce domestic quarrels which are recoreded in the antique but well-preserved biographies of those worthy personages. Tuesday, the first day of the Fair, was devoted to the exhibition of cattle, sheep and hogs. The herds of ----- new page (VMSS792_S3_SS14_B17A_F4_I1_p001.jpg) The Latest from Salt Lake City. [Correspondence of the St. Louis Republican] GREAT SALT LAKE CITY, June 18,1858. The great Utah war is at an end—so it appears, at least for a while. You have doubtless heard of the entry of Gov. Cumming into the city a month or so ago, unattended by any person other than his driver and Col. Kane. His visit to the city, and the upright and determined course which he pursued while in conference with the Mormon leaders, brought about the so called peace. He gave them to understand that he, as chief executive of the Territory, would not interfere with their persons, property or re- ligion, but would enforce rigorously the laws of the United States and of the Territory, He spent some weeks in the city, and was kindly treated by the citizens. He also visited various tribes of Indians, who were supposed to have committed depredations in the neighborhood, and warned them of the consequences of such actions, and then returned to Camp Scott, intending, as soon as the weather would admit of it, [--] return with his family. The Peace Commissioners arrived here in the early part of last week, and were soon joined by the Governor, and in a few days thereafter by the Secretary of the Terri- tory. A meeting was immediately called, and on the 10th and 11th insts., a conference was had between the Gover- nor and Commissioners, and the heads of the Mormon Church. It lasted four hours each day; there was no small quantity of feeling displayed. It is reported in the streets that Brigham became unusually eloquent on the occasion, but all soon subsided, and conditions were agreed upon by which the tomahawk was buried. These conditions were about the same as had been agreed upon on the Governor’s first visit, viz.:—The troops were to enter without opposition; civil officers to be permitted to perform the various duties of their offices without interruption, and an unconditional obedience to the laws of the land. On the other hand, all prior offences were to be forgotten, as per President’s proclamation—by- gones to be by gones. This city, which six weeks ago contained not less than fifteen thousand inhabitants, now has but little over one hundred, they all having emigrated to a small town about fifty miles south, called Provo, where they live, some in tents, some in wagons, some in small houses, and some without any one of these comforts. And even to this day, notwithstanding the treaty of peace, they continue to leave the city which they have been for the last ten years attempting to build. The roofs of the public works, the floors of the houses, and all the board fencing, have been used in boarding up the doors and windows of the houses. All appears desolate—hardly a person can be seen, save about the Post Office, and about a small, but neat restau- rant, which is the only place of accommodation in the city, and it only affording relief in the way of meals. Not a cent's worth can be bought here, nor can any work be procured from the manufacturing establishments. One baker shop embraces all the trade and commerce of the city. The Governor and lady were fortunate enough to come across a person kind enough to permit them to occupy his house; but all others, officers and strangers, have to enjoy the luxury of sleeping in their carriages or on the ground. The course of this people will doubtless seem strange to you, and it is really unaccountable. A people, the large majority of whom are poor and needy, to leave their com- fortable houses and take up quarters in the open prairies, and this after a settlement of all difficulties had been ad- justed, does seem strange. The war may be at an end, but there is yet some sha- dow of doubt. I have asked many of the Mormons why it is they yet continue to remove their households and provisions at so great an expense when all things are re- ported settled? But few will answer in plain terms, and those who do, say that they have not confidence in the fulfilment of what they consider the agreement; that they want to see the army enter and locate, before they change the plans pre- viously adopted by them. The fact is this, if the army locates adjacent to this city the Mormons will not return to it, and will, in all probability, destroy by fire the whole city, and this intention may account for their refusing to allow any one to occupy their houses. As a general thing the Mormons are kind and pleasant to most of the civil officers, but they entertain an ever- lasting hatred to certain ones of the number, and are ut- terly opposed to the army being located near them. By despatches received here yesterday from Gen. John- ston, he notified the Government Commissioners and peo- ple of Utah, that he will leave Bear river (eighty miles from Salt Lake City) on the 17th instant, and expects to arrive in the city in five days, at which time all matters will be settled, and you will hear the news by next mail. It may be a matter of some interest to know the parties (Gentiles) now in this city. On the 8th instant, Gov. Powell, Major McCulloch, Gov. Cumming and Dr. Forney, Sudprintendent of Indian Af- fairs. On the 13th, Secretary Hartnett. On the 15th Mr. Craig, Indian Agent, and Mr. James, Interpreter. On the 17th, Mr. Simonton, of New York Times; Mr. Fillmore of NEW YORK HERALD; Mr. Brown, of New York Tribune Marshal Dodson, of Utah Territory, and Mr. J. B. La ----- new page (VMSS792_S3_SS14_B17A_F4_I2_p001.jpg) INTERESTING FROM UTAH. Incidents of Governor Cumming’s Interview with the Mormons. Attempts at Intimidation by the Saints. The Fort Bridger correspondent of the New York Times gives a full account of the visit of Governor Cumming to Brigham Young, from which we make the following extracts: Governor Cumming started on his return to Sa[-] Lake City on the 3d inst., accompanied by his w[-] and taking with him his furniture, &c., with [---] expectation of remaining there permanently, [---] assumption and execution of the duties of [---] bernaterial office. He was accom[-] Dr. Jacob Forney, Saperintend [---] fairs, who goes to the [-] and by David A [---] General of the [-] ver[-] ----- new page (VMSS792_S3_SS14_B17A_F4_I2_p002.jpg) [top left corner of the page has been ripped off] ife, the in the the Gu- panied also by ndent of Indian Af- ndian farm south of the city, Burr, son of the late Surveyor Territory, who goes in, at the Go- or's request, to deliver up the books and papers of the Surveyer's office. The correspondents of the New York Press were anxious to accompany the civil officers on their journey, in order to report the interesting incidents anticipated to follow its con- clusion. As Gov Cumming, in an official letter, had declared the road open, and that his efforts had made it free to all, we did not anticipate the least objection at this end of it, although perhaps not al- together sanguine that Brigham's guard at the Ca- nons would let us pass unchallenged, or that our throats would be altogether safe after our arrival in the city—for we remembered that the Saints had uttered various threats against the Gentile Press, and those who, through its agency, had spread the knowledge of their misdeeds before the world. The Commissioners promptly acquiesced in our proposition, expressing their entire readiness to give us their escort and protection, as American citizens, having the right to traverse American soil anywhere in the legitimate pursuit of our profes- sion, and in so far at least entitled to the friendly countenance of every civil officer. But the Gover nor manifested the most decided hostility to the proposition. He did not forbid our journey, but he assured us vehemently that it would be very in- expedient, and tend greatly to embarrass the civil officers just at this time. At the same time he re- marked that the road was open to us, and that every man had a right to carry his scalp wherever he chose, accompanying the suggestion with an intimation that if we should attempt to proceed we would be turned back from the Canons, where, it will be remembered, His Excellency has a Mor- mon military guard stationed. We were already aware that this guard undertook to stop Ameri- can citizens on the highway, when leaving the valley; but this was the first intimation that the Governor's posse adjudged who should proceed in the other direction and who should be turned back. Governor Cumming seems to be a man of cool determination, and desirous of executive success; although his over confidence in himself appears to have led him into the serious error of exclusive- ness, and a mysterious reserve from other officers of the Government here, calculated seriously to impair their moral power as a whole. His conduct when at Salt Lake is said to have been perfectly fearless, at least so far as his public conduct in the Tabernacle interview was concerned. Before the Governor's arrival at the Tabernacle on that occa- sion, Brigham Young arose, and asked if Hosea Stout and Gilbert Clemens, noted as two of the best talkers in "Zion," were present. Stout was absent, but Clemens answered to the call, and, ac- cording to orders, went to the Vestry, where he met Brigham, and received instructions directing him to reply to Gov. Cumming's speech, and sug- gesting the line of argument he should adopt. Herein you have a specimen of the Jesuitical cant- ing of Mormonism, by means of which the Heads of the Church usually cover their own deeds, work- ing through ready instruments, for whom, if neces- sary, they are enabled to disclaim any and all re- sponsibility. Clemens is said to be an Irishman, who has been a few years only in this country, nearly all of which time he has spent in the Valley. When the gover- nor concluded his remarks, Clemens followed in a vehement and inflammatory harangue, in the course of which he made "our Pilgrim Fathers" suffer, bleed and die at a terrible rate for rights which he maintained were now endeavored to be wrested from the people of Utah in defiance of the American con- stitution. Essaying an argument at last, he as- serted that in all other Territories the people were permitted to select and appoint their own officers, while in the case of Utah the Federal Government attempted to force upon the people a set of officials not of their choice, but notoriously offensive to them. "Stop, sir!" boldly interposed Gov. Cum- ming, "Stop, sir! You are either totally ignorant of what you are talking about or are purposely at- tempting to deceive and mislead this people." Amid a great deal of excitement, the Governor then proceeded to explain to the people that the executive and judicial officers of every Territory are appointed by the President of the United States and that in this respect, as in all others, Utah was treated precisely as every other Territory of the United States was or had been. Clemens proceed- ed, but again attempted his misrepresentations, being each time interrupted by the Governor, who compelled him to keep to the truth, thus quite de- stroying the effect of his argument. On another occasion, Clemens referred to the Governor as Mr. Cumming, and was again checked by the other, who insisted upon being acknowledged and ad- dressed only as "Governor." There can be no doubt that many attempts were made to intimidate the Governor, his friends claim without effect. Upon one occasion, grave men, of mature years, told him in the open street, in all so- berness of word and manner, that they would have no hesitation in cutting his throat, deeming it God- ----- new page (VMSS792_S3_SS14_B17A_F4_I2_p003.jpg) service. The Governor gave them notice in reply, that if he should be attacked, there certainly would be shooting or cutting on both sides—and that, al- though they might kill an old man like himself, his death would not end the matter—that there would be others to come after him, to fill his place, and to keep coming, until the question of the rela- tive power and resources of the United States and the people of Salt Lake Valley should be settled by the absolute submission of one or the other party. From the Mormon emigrants, whose arrival here from the Valley I noticed in my last, we have ad- ditional evidence of the fact that the Governor was continually under espionage while among the Mor- mons. Upon his arrival in the city, he was quar- tered immediately at the house of W. C. Stearns, one of the most reliable of "the faithful," and upon the same day, three other men, high in the confi- dence of the Church, took up their residence in the same family, ostensibly as boarders, but in reality in order to spy out the Governor's movements, and keep away from him persons whom it was not deemed prudent to permit to communicate with him. One of the difficulties with which the Governor had to contend was that of judging accurately the degree of sincerity of those who visited him. Men who stand high in the church, and upon whom no suspicion of lukewarmness in its service has fallen, could have free access to the Governor—and I un- derstand that some of these informed him, with an air of apparent honesty at least, that they were tired of Brigham's tyranny, and with one-half the people of the valley, were ready to revolt against it so soon as it could be done with safety. If I mistake not, the notorious Orson Hyde is one of these. When persons called upon the Governor to claim his pro- tection in accordance with Brigham's promise that all who desired should be permitted to leave the Territory, he asked them among other questions whether they had any oppressions to complain of. Feeling the Danite's knife at their throats, many of them answered no, though they gladly availed themselves of the opportunity to abandon all their worldly possessions, and start out upon a journey of one thousand two hundred miles across the wil- derness to the States. Upon their arrival here most of them found freedom for their tongues, and were loud in their denunciations of the Theocracy from which they so gladly embraced the opportunity to escape. Governor Cumming practically was pow- erless to protect them where he found them. This he confessed to many who went east with great re- luctance, leaving their farms and the homes which they had acquired by long years of stinting indus- try. The Governor is firmly of opinion that the Mor- mons will lay their city waste, if the army enters. He states that he saw many dwellings against which piles of combustibles had already been placed by their owners, who seemed impatient for the word of their Prophet, directing them to light up the flame which should sacrifice their property upon the altar of religious fanaticism. The photographers were reaping a rich harvest in taking pictures of nume- rous habitations, whose owners manifested their love of the homes they were prepared to lay in ashes, by thus preserving their shadows as souve- nirs. when the originals shall have been destroyed. It will be remembered that, some time last fall, one Wm. Stowell was arrested white prowling about the camp, and that upon his person were found papers convicting him, beyond all peradven- ture, of high treason. He has been kept in close confinement during the winter and spring, await- ing trial upon an indictment found against him by the Grand Jury. It became evident, however, that he was a simple-minded fellow, who truly said that he had no idea of the enormity of his offence, but supposed that, in obeying Brigham's orders, he was obeying the law. As the Mormons took a good deal of interest in his case, and were solicitous in regard to his fate, it was deemed desirable that he should be released and sent into the city with the civil au- thorities, as an earnest of the good faith in which the President's proclamation of pardon is to be ob- served. Accordingly, at the suggestion of Judge Eckels, his counsel sued out a writ of habeas cor- pus, setting forth the facts. The prisoner was brought before the Judge, at chambers, and his discharge was moved, upon the ground that he ac- cepted the conditions of the President's offer of par- don, and was entitled, therefore, to its benefits. The motion for his release was opposed, of course, by the attorney for the people; but the Judge dis- charged the prisoner with some good advice, which he appeared to appreciate. He started with Gov. Cumming for the city, where he has, or had, three wives, with whom Bill is said to be a decided favorite. There is now only one prisoner in camp, Thompson, a villanous-looking wretch, who will probably be compelled to work his way out of limbo without outside aid. Nothing of startling interest has transpired in the army since my last. Every officer and man is anx- iously awaiting the order to advance upon Salt Lake. Capt. Levall's supply train arrived in camp on the 31st, whereupon the reduced rations of flour, rice and sundry other articles were increased some- what, greatly to the joy of the men. During all the privations of the winter, when living on short ra- tions, and dragging wood wagons by hand through snow and ice thirteen miles at a trip, the men never seem to have thought of grumbling at their officers or the Government which they served; but Brother Brigham was cursed loud and deep, the anathema usually being accompanied by a solemn assevera- tion that he should be made to pay handsomely for it all in due time. ----- new page (VMSS792_S3_SS14_B17A_F4_I3_p001.jpg) STATE OF AFFAIRS IN UTAH.—We publish to-day several highly interesting communications from our special correspondent in Utah, describing the march of the army under General Johnston from Camp Scott to Great Salt Lake City, the fortifications of Echo Canon, and the City o the Saints, which it appears is quite deserted, the houses shut up, the population—including the Prophet himself—almost all departed, and not a woman to be seen within its precincts. It is highly improbable, however, that the Mormons intend to leave the city altogether. It is no doubt their design to return when the army is withdrawn, as it soon must be, either in consequence of the enormous expense of main- taining it there, or the exigency which demands its presence on the frontier to quell the hostile spirit of the Indian tribes. Nothing but the firmness and decision of Mr. Buchanan brought this threatened Utah war to so happy a conclu- sion. It was a legacy bequeathed to him by poor Pierce, and he has grappled so promptly with the difficulty that we have been saved from an expensive and unnatural war. The folly of Mr. Fillmore and the weakness of Pierce's administration encouraged the Mor- mons to defy the laws of the United States and resist the authority of its officials. They fancied that they could pursue a similar course with Mr. Buchanan; and this accounts for the war- like speeches of Brigham Young, Elder Kimball and the other leaders at the Tabernacle and the Temple in Salt Lake City, which preceded the advance of the army into Utah Territory. But when Colonel Kane visited them, and as- sured them that they had a different man from poor Pierce to deal with at the head of the gov- erdment now, and that he was determined to en- force obedience to the laws, without interfering with their peculiar religious doctrines, they dis- covered that they were making a grave mistake; and they submitted at once. Thus the difficulty of which the pusillanimity of the last adminis- tration laid the foundation, the firmness of the present one has overcome. From all indications now before us the Utah trouble has reached a peaceful issue. The Mormons have been intimidated into sub- mission, and the lesson they have learned may serve them for all time. They have been taught that they cannot defy the constitution and laws of the country with impunity; that resistance to the law is treason, and will be visited with a traitor's punishment. How far that lesson may affect their absolute obedience to the will of Brigham Young, and their belief in his infalli- bility as a Prophet and head of the church, it is impossible to predict; but the probability is that it will materially weaken their faith in his lead- ership. The Mormons will no doubt return to the "Holy City" in Salt Lake valley, and re- sume their old ways. They will pursue for a time their polygamous system, until the pro- gress of immigration and the growth of civiliza- tion in the Territory puts their community in a minority, when many of them will become dis- gusted with the system, and it will fall a prey to its own rottenness. ----- new page (VMSS792_S3_SS14_B17A_F4_I4_p001.jpg) Evening Journal. TUESDAY, JUNE[-]I5, 1858. ----- new page (VMSS792_S3_SS14_B17A_F4_I4_p002.jpg) THE UTAH DIFFICULTY. The manner in which our government has acted toward the Mormon community at Salt Lake City, has greatly lowered the respect of this broad republic for the federal authorities. The facts that the supremacy of the federal law was utterly repudiated in Utah, that the federal officials were expelled from the terri- tory, and that it was necessary to send an army across the plains, at a vast expense, to force an entrance for a newly appointed governor, were expressly admitted by the President in his proclamation to the rebels. Under such circumstances, it was due to the reputation of the republic that those who defied its laws should not only be crushed by force, but so punished as to set an example that would in- timidate all further efforts in the same direc- tion. But how did the President deal with the difficulty? The same proclamation to which we have already alluded implored the rebels to lay down their arms, expostulated with them upon the folly of their course, and offered a general amnesty as the price of sub- mission. The power of this government was represented by a band of twelve hundred sol- diers, nearly worn out by the hardships of a march across the Plains and a winter passed in a poorly provided camp, and a multipli- city of peace commissioners, seemingly anxious to secure the submission of the Mor- mons upon their own terms. It appeared to give the national administration immense sa- tisfaction to hear that Governor Cumming had been graciously permitted by his excel- lency Brigham Young to visit Salt Lake City; and when it was announced that the rebels were retreating to the southern portion of the territory, the functionaries at Washington congratulated themselves upon having settled the troubles without bloodshed. There is no reason to suppose that any of the Mormon leaders will be apprehended and tried for treason. In their own good time, they have marched away with colors flying, and should they see an opportunity for taking up a stronger position, they may again resist the enforcement of the federal laws. Nothing has been settled but one disgraceful truth— that any band of scoundrels or fanatics may defy the government and abuse its officers, and escape punishment. If the present ad- ministration were not burdened with any other sins, the weak, vacillating and pusilla- nimous policy it has pursued towards the re- bels of Utah would be sufficient to bring it into contempt. We shall be fortunate, if a year or two hence we do not encounter a still more formidable difficulty with the Mormons, and the responsibility must rest upon the pre- sent administration. Since writing the above we have received five days’ later intelligence from Utah, which indicates that the Mormons have completely deceived Governor Cumming, and design to remain to fight it out. ----- new page (VMSS792_S3_SS14_B17A_F4_I5_p001.jpg) DISTINGUISHED ARRIVALS.— Col. THOMAS L. KANE, with Mr. MORTON, who accompanied Dr. E. K. KANE to the arctic regions, arrived at the Olean House this morning, en route for Wiliiamsville, Pa. The Colonel, with his friend MORTON paid us a visit of half an hour. Col. KANE, though not entirely recovered from the prostration induced by his recent journey to Utah and the Mormons, with the results of which our readers are already familiar, is looking remarkably well. He is promising himself great enjoyment, in the forests and among the “brooks of the dark old woods," whither he goes seeking relaxation from the business and din of his native city, Philadel- phia. Mr. MORTON will be remembered as Dr. KANE'S “true man,” and the one while his health remained good, to whom all difficult and hazardous undertakings were committed. He looks tough, rugged, healthly, though wholly unlike the man we had pictured him, from Dr. KANE'S description. He expressed himself en- tirely willing to go again to the “ice bound Coast,” provided as good a man as Dr. KANE was, could be found to take command of the expedition. Mrs. KANE, and two children ac company the Colonel. ----- new page (VMSS792_S3_SS14_B17A_F4_I6_p001.jpg) P?UBLIC LEDGER AND DAILY TRANSCRIPT. Philadelphia, Friday, July 2, 1858. FORBEARANCE OF GOVERNOR CUMMING.— The opinion is now pretty freely expressed that Gover- nor Cumming has no great confidence in the good faith of the Mormons, and does not believe that they will disband their army if they can help it, or do anything else that is friendly to the United States beyond what necessity dictates. Many are disposed to blame him for compounding with trea- [---] listening to the terms of Brigham Young, Lake City under the esort of any We ----- new page (VMSS792_S3_SS14_B17A_F4_I6_p002.jpg) The whole difficulty is not yet settled. [--] [---] conceivable how a new and vital disagreement as to the policy of the United States towards the Mor- mons should be suffered to arise at this late and cri- tical state of the question. The difference between Governor Cumming and Judge Eckels as to the propriety of preventing po- lygamy, as a felony, threatens to throw every effort for a peaceful solution of the Mormon difficulty into confusion. The President has now to choose between Gov, ----- new page (VMSS792_S3_SS14_B17A_F4_I6_p003.jpg) Four Lines, 1 day, " " 2 Days, 0 33 " " 2 days, " " 3 days, 0 50 " " 3 days, " " 4 days, 0 63 " " 4 days, " " 5 days, 0 75 " " 5 days, " " 6 days, 0 88 " " 6 days, " " 12 days, 0 88 " " 12 days, " " 1 month, 2 75 " " 1 month, Longer advertisements in exact proportion, and are payable at the time ordered. Advertisements must be received by 7 o'olk, P. Cumming and his policy of administration and re gious toleration, and the adverse policy of Jud Eckels. He must dismiss one or the other, and he retain Judge Eckels, and continues his servic Gov. Cumming, as a high-minded and indepen ent man, will throw up his commission. W [Correspondence of the Public Ledger.] THINGS IN BOSTON. Our Citizens-Primary Schools-A Hardened C minal—Physical Effect of Hanging—Grand C cert—Fun for the Juveniles—Political—Sena Sumnr—Theological Controversy— MESERS Ep ----- new page (VMSS792_S3_SS14_B17A_F4_I7_p001.jpg) PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY OF NORTH AMERICA. NUMBER FIVE. The South Pass of America. To the Editor of the New York Times: INDEPENDENCE, Sunday, July 4, 1858. From four letters, which you have accepted and published, you will perceive that one who travels from Paris to Pekin, by the direct route of New-York, Independence and Astoria, traverses these physical divisions: 1st. The Atlantic Ocean. 2d. The Atlantic Maritime Slope. 3d. The Alle- ghany Mountains. 4th. The Basin of the Missis- sippi. 5th The Cordillera of the Sierra Madre. 6th. The Plateau of the Table Lands. 7th. The Cordillera of the Snowy Ances. 8th. The Pacific Maritime Slope. 9th. The Pacific Ocean This route brings into immediate juxtaposition the great permanent reservoirs of human popula- tion and activity— Western Europe, America, and Oriental Asia. If it be practicable to accommo- date all the international transportation of the three continents by this route, a prodigious conden- sation of economy in the interchanges of the pro- ducts and people of the world will be accomplished at a blow. The distance of transit will be reduced from the circumference of the globe to the length of its diameter,—the time to one-tenth. Steam by sea and land will form an uninterrupted trip by two ocean ferries, connected by a transit railway. Thus will be solved the geographical problem which has agitated the world before and since COLUMBUS. Practical experiment has exhausted all discus- sion as to the passage of the two oceans by steam- ers, and of the the American Continent by rail- way, so far as the Atlantic Maritime Slope, the Alleghany, the Basin of the Mississippi, up to the wall of the Cordillera of the Sierra Madre, and the Pacific Maritime Slope are concerned. Serious arguments of any difficulties within these divi- sions of the whole distance are settled and have ceased. All that remains enigmatical to the pub- lic mind, and unresolved, is the interval occupied by the Cordillera of the Sierra Madre, the Plateau of the Table Lands and the Cordillera of the Sier- ra Nevada, which conjointly form the "mountain formation of North America," extending continu- ously from Tehuantepec to the Arctic Sea. How this complicated barrier of immense mountains, one thousand miles in breadth, is to be surmount- ed, is now obtaining its illustration by the estab- lishment of the Mormons in Utah, and the military expedition sent against them. It is by the South Pass, which is the gateway of the American peo- ple and their commerce to Asia, and the only one, as exclusively as is the Strait of Gibraltar that of exit out into the Atlantic, to the nations of the Mediterranean, now and in all ages passed. There exists between the Basins of the Medi- terranean and of the Mississippi a perfect identity in position, physical characteristics, historical prestige and social concord. A comparison of the one with the other will furnish a luminous illustration, to explain the present generation of the American people to itself, and to guide all fu- ture generations. The area in square miles of these two Basins is the same. Four-fifths of the surface of the former is occupied by the salt water expanse of the Pontic, Propontic, Adriatic and Mediterranean seas, into which flow the Danube, the Nile, the Po and the Rhone, rivers having nar- row valleys and imperfect navigation; protruding out between these seas are the peninsulas of Asia Minor, Greece, Italy, Spain and the African coast, all filled full with mountain vertebra, rugged and poorly adapted to agriculture. The sea surface is stormy and dangerous to navigation, the rivers are short and deficient in channel, the shores are im- practicable to land except where harbors are con- structed, and the inhabitable lands arranged in rugged and isolated masses. Yet, from the first pioneer voyage of Hercules down the Mediter- ranean to the Pillars, which still immortalize his energies, to the present age, there has existed a certain imperfect compact in the political, social, religious and commercial relations of the people of the Mediterranean. The vestal fire of civiliza- tion has never been entirely quenched. It has spread out to illuminate the whole area, both un- der the political system of the Roman Empire and ----- new page (VMSS792_S3_SS14_B17A_F4_I7_p002.jpg) [top right corner of page ripped off] terruptedly out [--] ancient as the Pass itself. great trails of the buffalo—ge[-] makers, before the coming of ma[-] the Mexican and the American, [-] one another, have not deflected from of the buffalo, nor will they, whilst the mountains last in their present unshattered This is the continental highway of the People, through which exclusively millions have already poured to and fro with their children, their free principles, their cattle—assembled in caravans, o[-] foot and mounted—with wagons, hand-cart[-] knapsacks, and bringing with them their house- hold gods, and the tabernacle of civil and re- ligious liberty. The South Pass is the only and exclusive conti- [-]ental pass. The outlet at the eastern angle is known as the gorge of the Sweetwater River, which descends to the Platte; that at the north- ern angle as the gorge of Grosventre River, which descends to the Snake River. These are both short and slender mountain streams, accomplishing their their descent in beds of the extremest sinuosity, but without abrupt waterfalls. They both flow from chasms in the flanks of the immense mass of the Wind River mountain, which here forms an arc fronting to the west, and issue out upon the plain. But the plain is traversed by a gentle di- vide, parallel with the mountain base, and no more distinguishable than the bevel given by en- gineers to any ordinary street. Against this [---]e two streams are deflected into opposite [---] the former to burrow its way around the arc of the mountain to the southeast, the other towards the northwest. To one who observes this from the plain, there is presented a similar mirac- ulous configuration of the land, such as displays itself to one who, navigating the Propontic Sea, beholds the Dardanelles upon his right hand and the Bosphorus on his left. Moreover, the sky is without clouds and rainless, the atmosphere in- tensely brilliant, temperate and serene, encom- passed round by scenery of the austerest sublim[-] ty. But we have seen that the elevation of the South Pass is 7,500 feet, and that Snake River runs continuously out of it by the most direct and favorable course, of 1,400 miles, to the Pacific sea, tunneling consecutively the Blue or Salmon River range of mountains, the Snowy Andes and [---] other transverse ranges and obstructions Here is, then, an uninterrupted water declination through and across the whole "mountain forma- tion," descending by a plane, dipping five feet to the mile! From the adjacent eastern rim of ----- new page (VMSS792_S3_SS14_B17A_F4_I7_p003.jpg) [article blurry at the bottom]? of which porcelain is made, and has the absolute smoothness of that material filtered through water and compacted by pressure. From the three angles of its rim issue the Sweetwater, flowing east into the Platte and to the Atlantic; the Snake River flowing northwest to Walla-Walla, and thence with the Columbia to the north Pacific; and the Rio Verde south into the Bay of California; by whose western affluent also, Black Fork, exists the easiest egress into the Basin of the Great Salt Lake. Most probably no spot on the globe has grouped into one view so much of intense grandeur in the variety and number of its physical wonders. From a single ice-crowned summit of the Wind River mountain are seen the gorges of the Mis- souri, Yellowstone, Platte, Colorado and Snake rivers, all radiating from its base, and each the equal of the Danube in length and the volume of its waters. Five primary chains of snowy moun- tains here culminate together to [---] tral apex, from which they radiate out between the rivers; the dorsal mass of the Cordillera reaching towards the north to the Arctic Sea, and towards the south to the Antarctic; the Sierra Wasatch, the Snake River chain, the Salmon River moun- tains, all crested with snow, and each having an unbroken length of one thousand miles. The South Pass is 1,400 miles from Astoria. It is the same distance from St. Louis. It is, then, in the middle region of the continent. It is the only pass through the "Mountain Forma- tion" from hence as far as the Isthmus of Tehuan- tepec. From this comes the name South P[---] as being the most southern pass [---] may ascend by an affluent of the [---] step immediately on to a stream des[---] ----- new page (VMSS792_S3_SS14_B17A_F4_I7_p004.jpg) the Plain of the South Pass runs out Sweetwa- ter into the Platte, which, tunneling consecutively all the outlying ranges of the Cordillera of the Sierra Madre, forms a similar uninterrupted water- declination, in a very straight line of 1,400 miles to St Louis, descending by the same average dip of five feet per mile. Everybody is familiar with the existing railways which, radiating from St. Louis and pursuing continuously the plains of the Ohio and St. Lawrence, outflank the Alleghanies between Syracuse and Rome, and descend by the Hudson River to New-York. The sciences which delineate and explain to the human understanding the details of matter, as it fits itself in myriads of millions of varigated forms to fill out the supreme order of the universe, [-]evelop nothing so interesting to the heart of civilized man as this single sublime fact of physi- cal geography in the supreme engineering of the Creator. This line of gently-undulating river- grades, girdling the middle zone of our Union from sea to sea, in one smooth, continuous and unbroken cord, 3,600 miles in length, fitting the isothermal axis of the temperate climates, crossing one river only at St. Louis, and outflanking all the mountains, presents to us the counterpart of that water-line of the Old World, commencing at the extremity of the Euxine, passing down the Medi- terranean, and debouching out into the ocean. From the South Pass to Mexico the primary mountain chains spread out. They, together with the great rivers which divide them, are longitudi- nal, parallel, and unperforated. The rivers grow deeper as they approach the sea, increasing the al- titude and abruptness of the mountain flanks, which overlap one another, and increase and com- plicate the mural barriers. Nowhere, within this interval, are the mountains reduced to a single dividing barrier, nor is there presented anywhere the essentials of a practical pass. Nowhere is to be found a sufficient depression in the mountain crest, now a continuous gradation from the sum- mit-crest, prolonged to the east and to the west, down both declinations to the seas. The South Pass is elevated 7,500 feet above the seas, from which it is some 1,500 miles remote. It has then a continental climate, whose atmo- sphere is tempered by the altitude and by the ab- sence of moisture. Hence, an intense serenity is the prominent feature, perpetual sunshine, a tonic and salubrious air, a vernal temperature. Along the continental line the changes from the conti- nental to the maritime climate, and vice versa, graduate themselves with the same delicate scale as the surface slopes. Uniformity of climate, from sea to sea, is then so nearly approached, that it actually exists all along this line in absolute plenitude. Human society, in the current course of ages, vibrates to and fro through periods of bar- barism. God and Nature endure constantly eter- nal and perfect. Manners, religions, policies change, and become barbarous or the opposite, as they harmonize with God and Nature. Science develops how this harmony may be known and practiced. As we recede from it, turbulent force dominates, numbers are dwarfed, civilization with ers, liberty is lost: as we approach it, civilization expands, charity smiles, order and empire rise. Nature here for us, upon our Continent, amidst a stupendous vastness of configuration, preserves an austere simplicity, which guides the instinctive glance of empire with unerring certainty. Here is that continental line, the discovery of which mankind has awaited with the keenest curiosity. In the ripeness of time the hope of humanity is realized; it is by this that our people are about to construct the Continental Railway. Like the re- fulgent girdle with which antiquity bound, in one chorus, the sisterhood of the Graces, we will be- hold united, by one Zone, the three sister Conti- nents, Europe, America and Asia. Here, through the heart of our territory, our population, our States, our cities, our farms and habitations, will traverse the broad current of com- merce, where passengers and cargoes may at any time or place, embark upon or leave the vehicles of transportation. Down with the parricidal treason which will banish it from the land, from among the people, to force it into the barren ocean, outside of society, through foreign nations, into the torrid heats, along solitary circuitous routes, imprisoned for months in great ships! This Con- tinental Railway is an essential domestic in- stitution, more powerful and more permanent than law, or popular consent, or political constitutions, ----- new page (VMSS792_S3_SS14_B17A_F4_I7_p005.jpg) to thoroughly complete the great system of [-]u- vial arteries which fraternize us into one people; to bind the two seaboards to this one continental Union, like ears to the human head; to radicate the foundations of the Union so broad and deep, and establish its structure so solid, that no possi- ble force or stratagem can shake its permanence, and to secure such scope and space to progress- that equality and prosperity shall never be im- paired or chafe for want of room. The pious veneration spontaneously awarded by the human heart to men, whose lives exhibit ex- alted devotion and exalted success to inspire and perpetuate in society the "principle of virtue al- ways in exercise," has placed Hercules, the pio- neer of the system of the Mediterranean, in the number of the immortal Gods of antiquity,—a con- stellation in the ethereal canopy diurnally renews his memory, his name and his actions. Modern times, accepting the tradition, behold it stamped upon the coin of Spain and the Indies, to obtain a circulation as universal and familiar as the human race. Yet the American people pursue the plant- ing of empire, advancing with intense celerity, moving to the front according to a system under- stood and self disciplined, marching with the ca- dence of an army of innumerable legions, uniting in one homogeneous order, with the same ener- gies, a single aim, and rushing to consummate a common destiny. Shining in the front of this marching host, the pioneer and exemplar, "first in war, first in peace and first in the hearts of his countrymen," appears the form of WASHINGTON, whose oracular wisdom and intrepid constancy in- spired the normal councils where its mould was cast, its strategy fixed and its unalterable mission first inaugurated. Let this name, then, find a mon- ument around whose base the condensed column of progress shall file to and fro during all future ages! Where the summit crest of our continent is found; the focal source of its rivers and its sier- ras; where the cloud-compelling Cordillera cul- minates over the "Gateway of empires;" let these commemorate this name immortally, while the grass shall grow and the waters run, as firm and enduring as the loftiest mountain. Let the children of the world be taught to say: Behold the Pass and the Pillars of WASHINGTON! The history of the human race arranges and gauges itself by generations. Thirty-three years are estimated to be the period of control exer- cised by each generation over the long life of a nation. As each succeeds its predecessor, the work of progress is reinvigorated, and fresh power and new conquests accumulate. The present is the sixty-ninth year of the Federal Constitution and inaugurates the third generation of our united people. The first gave to us this sacred Union, and founded our continental Republic. The second has filled up the Atlantic half of the continent ----- new page (VMSS792_S3_SS14_B17A_F4_I7_p006.jpg) with States, secured the maritime connections with that ocean and with Europe, and has blazed for us the way across the continent to the Pacific and to Asia. We, the third generation, receive from them the pious task to plant States onward to that ocean ; to complete the zodiac of fraternal nations round the globe, and to set deep and firm to their outward dimensions the foundations they have laid. As we assume our task, illuminated by the ex- ample of their wisdom, energy and glory, intent to equal them in the first and surpass them in the rest, may we not repeat this invocation to the lu- minary of the universe, as he departs to usher in another day : " The weary sun hath made a golden set, And, by the bright track of his fiery air Gives token of a goodly day to-morrow!” Respectfully, W. GILPIN. ----- new page (VMSS792_S3_SS14_B17A_F4_I8_p001.jpg) Our Utah Correspondence. GREAT SALT LAKE CITY, Aug. 21,1858. Cruelties among the Mormons—Their Treatment of Gentiles— Removing the Seat of Government—Brigham Young'; War Policy—Condition of the Mormon Women, &c., &c. It is natural that difficulties should result from the very organization of society in this Territory. Here, unlike any other portion of the national domain, polygamy prevails; it exists here without the authority and sanction of law; i exists here in defiance of law, justice and humanity. Nea[-] Ogden City, in this Territory, a few days ago a man was charged with the crime of adultrey, not that the charge was properly preferred against him before a legal tribunal of the country, but by the hue and cry of a merciless mob. They arrested him, not to bring him before a judical tribunal of the Territory to try and punish him for the offence according to law, but to perpetrate one of the most heinous deeds of which it is possible for the human heart to conceive and will to execute—it was that of castration. The work was done. The poor unfortunate victim has since mysteriously disappeared. Where he has gone none but those who have been appointed to look after his welfare can tell. It is not probable that they will disclose his whereabouts. But he has most likely shared the fate of others—he has been “sent to hell across lots,” as the only means of his salva- tion. For having intercourse with the third or fourth wife (as they are called) of some man, a human being is maimed for life—nay, more, his life is sacrificed. The law of monogamy prevails here, and it is the only law in rela- tion to marriage that does exist here; hence the intercourse that takes place here between a man who is unmarried, and the so called third or fourth wife is not adultery, for a man can have but one lawful wife. A few evenings ago the house of a Mrs. Landon, who is a widow lady, with a considerable family to support—she has been trying to make that support by washing and sewing for the Gentiles—was stoned, it was said by a lot of rude boys, because she was a Gentile. This was the head and front of her offending. It was passed over in silence, with the hope that it would not oc- cur the second time, and that it was but some rude boys that were engaged in it. Last night the house was as- saulted the second time, more fiercely than ever, about ten in the evening. When the throwing commenced Mrs. Landon got up from bed, followed by her little girl, four years of age, and went to the door to discover, if possible, the position of the assailants. She had been standing in the door but a few moments when her little girl was struck down by her side with a stone. The stone struck the little girl upon the side of the face, mutilating it very much. What is offered in justification of the offence? What was the pretence for the assault? It was that she kept a loose house—a charge that is maliciously false, and known to be so by every one that makes it. No, it is the crime of being a Gentile that brings down the unhallowed exe- crations of the Latter Day Saints upon the heads of de- fenceless women and children. On Monday, 23d, Judges Eckels and Sinclair leave the city for Fillmore. They are going there to appoint the time and places of holding terms of the district courts, also to appoint a time for holding a term of the Supreme Court. They will go down under an escort of eighty dragoons, furnished by order of General Johnston. The escort will be commanded by Capt. Smith, of the Second dragoons. They (the Judges) have decided that the seat of government for the Territory is at Fillmore, and has never been anywhere else. The “act” by which they (the Mormons) claim that the seat of government was moved from Fillmore to Great Salt Lake City, was passed by less than a majority of the Legislature, then composed of thirteen councilmen and twenty-six representatives, and in fact the journal does not show that there was a majority of either branch of the Legislature present at the time the act was passed. Moreover, Brigham Young, the Governor of the Territory at that time, was not at Fillmore, the seat of government, but was at the city of Great Salt Lake. The “act” moving the seat of government, if I am correct, was passed on the 8th of December, 1856, at Fillmore, and was approved by the Governor at Salt Lake City on the 15th of the same month. The Clerk’s office of the Su- preme Conrt, which has been kept at this place, will be moved to Fillmore. The Territorial library will also be moved there. The Secretary of the Territory will accom- pany the judges, to make the necessary preparations for the meeting of the Legislature on the second Monday in December. The Governor will shortly issue a proclama- tion commanding the members of the Legislature to meet at Fillmore. Government and merchant trains are arriving every week from the States. Many of the freighters have dis- posed of their cattle at good prices—from sixty-five to seventy-five dollars per yoke. They have been purchased by J. M. Harbin, of California, who intends driving them to that State before the winter sets in. He has now over two thousand on the road, and is here desiring to purchase as many as can be procured. During the winter, when Brigham was preparing for a campaign in spring, he publicly explained his cowardly system of treacherous warfare. He said, we will never meet an enemy on equal grounds—we will never meet them in open battle: that would be to lose all of our best men, and years would elapse ere we could replace them with others as good. We will harrass them till they are worn out and wasted away, and artfully destroy them by stratagem, but we will not fight. Sooner than fight we will run away to the mountains, where they cannot find us; The people still appeared in passive obedience, intending to go with Brigham’s army when called out, and to do duty as required. But though they had no preconcerted plan among themselves, each one for himself silently came to this firm resolve—never to fire a gun, or strike a blow, or lift an arm against the federal army; and if ever they came within sight or within reach they would risk their lives and run over to it. No matter what might be the consequence, they would at all hazards start off, if they perished in the attempt, for they had come to the consol- ing belief that the cries of the people had reached the ears of the Lord of Sabaoth, and He had sent the federal army ----- new page (VMSS792_S3_SS14_B17A_F4_I8_p002.jpg) to deliver them. Their hearts continually went out after the soldiers. They esteemed them their friends and de- liverers, sent of God, and appointed for that sacred pur- pose. Hundreds and thousands of men and women silent- ly but fervently prayed, and still pray, for President Bu- chanan and his Cabinet, that in this humane and godlike work of rescuing from fifty to sixty thousand human be- ings from the ruthless iron grasp of an ignorant monster, they may neither falter or fall fast asleep, but vigorously proceed in wise and energetic measures, till every man, woman and child in Utah shall be free, and from Fort Hall in the north, to St. Bernardino, in the south, nothing shall be heard but thanksgiving and the voice of me- lody. The civil officers now reside in Salt Lake City, but the army is encamped 40 miles to the south, in Cedar Val- ley. Some of the people are employed on the high roads and some are employed by the merchants building ware- houses at Bridger. These all have good wages and good pay. Others within a hundred miles of the camp, who have a cow or chicken, send their milk, butter and eggs to the army, where they get extravagant prices—for in- stance, 25 cents a quart for buttermilk. But it is more to their praise who will give it than the people’s blame who do receive it, for the people are poor and the soldiers will pity them; and the sympathizing kindness of that army to this people can never all he told. General Johnston has the confidence and good will of the people The officers are in all respects well bred gentlemen, and with a refinement purely American they vie with each other in doing good at every opportunity. But the sol diers—the private soldiers, those Irishmen and others— what shall he said of them? They would almost give th clothes off their backs, and then empty their chest to clothe the naked people; sometimes they sell them for trifle, but more frequently they give them away. One day a perishing Saint (who has seen better days in the Old Country) came to the camp nearly in a state of nudity. Pat saw him, and his bowels yearned in compassion for a good old English gentleman brought so far from home, and reduced to such a pitiful plight. “Does your god Brigham, allow you to go about in that shameful condi- tion?” asked Pat. “Yes,” replied the other. “Then,” said the former, “the divil ride his soul a fox hunting to the North star; but take ye’s the pants, and come to the army dacent,” and gave him the best pair of pants he had in his wardrobe. Shortly after, this feeling Hibernian was suspected of having sold his pants for liquor, and was tried accordingly; but he never disclosed. No, Patrick had acted the philanthropist; he had clothed a naked man, removed sorrow and shame from a human heart, and he felt like a god. The effect produced is, the people in the region of the camp begin to feel like good Professor Larabee. They have great faith in God and the Irish. Ladies of America, ladies of Europe, will you pardon the communication of a revolting truth, in vulgar English? You need not pronounce the words with audible voice when you read them, but ponder them well in your hearts. The truth is this:—There are among this people, at this hour, hundreds of females who have not a shift to their backs, and in instances not a few their outer garments (alias tatter and rags) are insufficient to conceal their nakedness as they go about the house. Men and boys in the same condition. The cuuses of this lamentable dis- tress may, perhaps, be found in Brigham’s cruel despot- ism, in Governor Cumming’s puerile administration, and in the suspension of federal protection and aid. The causes have developed themselves in unpropitious circum- stances deserving of detail. It was in midwinter when the shivering remains of a fragile, diminutive person, conveyed by a Mormonic escort from the frontiers of Cali- fornia, arrived in Salt Lake City. He was received with the most affectionate concern, was delicately con- veyed to the best quarters in the city, the prompt phy- sician tendered his skilful services, and a faithful nurse watched over him with the tenderest of anxious care; everything was done that could be done; restoratives were administered; he was put to bed, and his name was Dr. Osborne. To the infinite joy of his solicitous attendants he fell into a sound sleep, and they began to indulge the strongest assurance of his speedy recovery. Nor were they disappointed, for that night witnessed one of the greatest miracles ever known in Brighamite Mormonism. The perishing, dying Dr. Osborne whom they put to bed that night arose next morning well and hearty, and mysteriously transformed into Col. Kane, and so perfect was the transformation that no doubt was ever entertained of his real identity. It truly was the veritable Colonel Kane, and as such he was afterward re- cognized in the army by all who had known the Colonel in Philadelphia. All necessary preparations being now com- pleted, the Colonel was formally introduced to Brigham, and such a meeting perhaps has never occurred since the days of Jonathan and David. The formalities of court eti- quette ceased the instant they met. They fell into each other’s embrace, and mutually kissed with all the ardor of undying affection; and scarcely had the power of arti- culation returned after the ebullitions of speech love, when in breathless accents they exchanged assurances of eternal friendship. All this, and a great deal about bap- tism and endowments, &c., are well known in Utah, and were matters of amusing gossip in the Mormon metropolis during the short stay of the gallant gentleman in the city. But how they held wise council together, and what they each said when closeted together hour after hour and day after day, is best known to themselves. That Colonel Kane is a scholar and a gentleman, possessing great and shining talents, none will deny; that he is the only man living that can sway the mind of Brigham cannot be con- tradicted. ----- new page (VMSS792_S3_SS14_B17A_F5_I10_p001.jpg) Daily Alta California ? SAN FRANCISCO, MONDAY, AUG. 9, 1858. FIRST PAGE.—Letter from our Special Travelling Correspondent—Letters from Victoria—Affairs in Siam —T.huantepec Route, &c., &c., FOURTH PAGE.—Poetry and Miscellany. The Future of Mormonism. Notwithstanding all that has transpired in relation to the community of “Latter Day Saints” at Salt Lake, within the past year, the veil of mystery which has always surrounded them is as impenetrable as ever, and all that is left for us to do, when considering of their fu- ture, is to speculate upon the bases of events and circumstances that have occurred in times past, while they have been made the subject of diplomatic controversy and military demonstra- tion. It is but a few months since an individual landed in California from one of the mail steamers, calling himself Dr. Osborne, whose mysterious movements, at that time, excited the attention of the people of Los Angeles to such a degree as to lead them to inquire into his reasons for visiting California, and his appa- rent anxiety to reach Salt Lake. A committee waited upon him, if we mistake not, while he was at San Bernardino, to ascertain what his intentions were in relation to Mormon matters, suspicion having been engendered in the minds of the community there that he was a secret agent of Brigham Young. This same Dr. Os- borne, a few weeks later, turned up at Salt Lake, and proved to be Col. Thos. L. Kane, brother of the lamented Arctic explorer, and secret agent of the Government. The real nature of Col. Kane’s instructions has never been made public; but one fact is well known, and that is, that through his efforts, the present apparent peaceable solution of the Mormon difficulty has been brought about, his conferences with Young & Co. hav- ing resulted in stilling all the preparations for war, and set the saints in motion to the south- ward, evacuating their great city, and yielding up peaceable possession of their households and the archives of the territory. But as to the real legitimate cause of. these movements, the public are as wise as they were six months ago, and in reality no wiser. The latest reports from Washington, point however, to a new field for Mormon coloniza- tion, and taken in connection with what has already transpired, possess some degree of plausibility. These reports are to the effect that Capt. Gibson, .who figured so conspicu- ously, some time since, in endeavoring to secure indemnity from the Dutch East India Company, for the seizure of his property, imprisonment, &c., in some portion of the East Indies, as long ago as the middle of last year, submitted a proposition to Dr. Berenhisel, the Mormon delegate in Congress “for the emigration of his constituents in Utah to the island of New Guinea, in the Indian Archipelago.” A Wash- ington letter writer states that— This plan was cordially approved of by the chief saints of Salt Lake City, and, in accord- ance with their approbation, Mr. Bernhisel sub- mitted a proposition, entirely based upon the Captain’s plan of emigration, to the Govern- ment in February last; the consideration of which was wholly rejected by the President During the month of March, Captain Gibson took some pains to induce the government to ----- new page (VMSS792_S3_SS14_B17A_F5_I10_p002.jpg) give his plan a favorable consideration ; he urged that Mormonism was a growing power, and that as a Mormon war in Utah had as- sumed more threatening proportions than the Mormon war in Illinois, so a Mormon war in Sonora, or other territory on this continent, some years hence, may present obstacles to tax the highest energies of the Republic. This was the golden opportunity to remove this fanatical antagonism to our institutions forever from the continent. He set forth, based upon reliable information, that the active spirits in Utah were eager for a more genial field than their desert-bound retreat, for the exercise of their skill and industry, and for the mainten- ance of their peculiar political and social insti- tutions ; and in the great, fertile and unappro- priated island of New Guinea, in the vicinity of Oriental polygamist communities, they hoped to find a congenial home for their com- munity; furthermore, whilst the Government was actively pushing its war preparations, Capt. Gibson urged that a Peace Commissioner should be sent to treat with the Mormon lead- ers, either with reference to this plan of emi- gration or other adjustment of difficulties; but the Captain’s peace proposition was rejected, alike with the proposition to emigrate, submit- ted by the Mormon delegate, and he (the Cap- tain) was informed by the Government that no other course could be pursued by the United States authorities, than to unconditionally “maintain the supremacy of the laws in Utah.” A correspondent on this subject with some members of the Cabinet, took place in March. Subsequently, Capt. G. submitted his views to leading Southern members of Congress, who have been active friends of the Captain’s claim against the Dutch; and it is presumed that their influence induced the Government, or the President rather, toehange his uncompromising attitude with regard to the Mormons; and the result was the appointment of Commissioners, though by no means such men as were pro- posed, who would have been far better calcula- ted to conciliate the Mormons, than the Texas ranger, McCulloch, so hated by them. The same writer states that these facts can be substantiated by the strongest documentary evidence, and they explain in themselves the present movement of the Mormons, a large portion of whom are now on their way to some southern port in the Pacific, from which they will embark for New Guinea. Their present destination is supposed to be in some portion of unsettled Mexican Territory, where they can select a point on the Pacific coast from which they can, undisturbed, “make their prepara- tions for that exodus across the Pacific ocean, the plan of which was prepared by Capt. Gib- son.” This statement certainly agrees with the movements of Col. Kane, and will plausibly account for his mission to Salt Lake, whether the two have any connection or not. It is now also stated that a pioneer vessel has been fitted out at New York, and sailed for some point on the Gulf of California, which will receive on board the first human freight for the new land of Mormon promise. These state- ments, as we have before remarked, carry with them the authority of plausibility, if nothing more, and point to a consummation most de- voutly to be wished for by every true lover of his country and hater of polygamy. It would prove a glorious riddance of this Mormon ele- ment. Captain Gibson “gives as his chief reason for taking the interest that he does in Mormon emigration to Papua, or other great unoccupied island of the Pacific or Indian Oceans, that such an event, the settlement of great islands, some as large and some twice as large as Utah, now possessed by a few misera- ble savages and beasts of the jungle, by a race speaking our language and possessing all the arts of our civilization, must be productive of beneficial results to the civilized world. It would destroy Malay piracy and Dutch Mon- opoly, the two curses of the Indian seas, and ----- new page (VMSS792_S3_SS14_B17A_F5_I10_p003.jpg) would make the Anglo-Saxon race [---]e preëminent throughout Oceanica and through- out the Indian seas.” Certainly here is a very sensible and useful disposition of the Mormon community. It would not only do all that Capt. Gibson claims for it, but would also give the Mormons them- selves a fair field in which to test the per a- ----- new page (VMSS792_S3_SS14_B17A_F5_I10_p004.jpg) nent growth and stability of their so called re- ligion, and its social and political attributes. It is useless to attempt to deny that Mor- monism, as a distinct human element, is strong enough to assert and carry out for itself a pro- longed existence upon some portion of the globe. The Mormons as a people, have a fu- ture, and while we are compelled to make such an admission, they themselves must, by this time, have become convinced that that future dependent to a greater or less extent upon a complete isolation from all other christian com- munities. The inducements, therefore, held out by Captain Gibson, together with the com- pulsory proceedings of the government, which have broken up the settlement of Salt Lake, it isto be hoped, will prove sufficient to induce an exodus of the major part of the whole Mormon community to New Guinea, where they will neither disturb us, nor be disturbed themselves. The proclamation of Mr. Buchanan, granting a free pardon to all these treasonable malcon- tents, may have been called forth because of this projected movement of the Mormons. Who knows ? The Auriferious dis[---]cts of the United ----- new page (VMSS792_S3_SS14_B17A_F5_I11_p001.jpg) I am of the opinion that if it is President Bucha- nan’s intention to sustain peaceable relations with the people of Utah, he must withdraw the army, ad- mit Utah into the Union, or give them officers of their own choice. With a very few exceptions it is impos- sible to send officers here who will attend to their own business and let the Mormons attend to theirs. ----- new page (VMSS792_S3_SS14_B17A_F5_I12_p001.jpg) ?The Latest News from Utah. OUR SPECIAL UTAH CORRESPONDENCE. GREAT SALT LAKE CITY. July 30, 1858. The Reports in Utah Concerning Colonel Steptoe’s Command—Territorial Election in Utah—The First Gentile Opposition Ticket—Names of the Candidates—Brigham’s Paper Money Below Par, &c., &c. We have received through parties that have re- cently arrived from the Flathead country additional news in relation to the reported murder of a small party of soldiers under Colonel Steptoe’s command, by the Cayuse, Spokans, Yakamas and Ponderus Indians, numbering about fifteen hundred. It seems that the settlers and miners at Colville, on the Columbia river, in Oregon, having been very much annoyed by frequent depredations committed by the Indians during the winter and spring, had sent a message to Colonel Steptoe at Fort Walla- Walla, about the middle of the month of May, ask- ing him to give them protection as soon as it was practicable. The Colonel, desiring to prevent, if possible, any further hostilities against the whites by the Indians, started with a small escort for the settlement at Colville, to ascertain the nature of the difficulties, and to adjust all matter of differences between them, if possible, without resorting to force. His guide was a Nez Perces Indian, who, instead of taking him directly to the point he had started for purposely, as it was supposed, led him some seventy five miles out of his way, into the camp of the In- dians, where they were collected for the purpose of holding a Grand Council. This, of course, aroused the apprehensions of the Indians, During a short conference, the Colonel, aided by some missionaries who were present, used every effort to appease them, but to no effect: they thirsted for blood. Late in the evening the Indians collected their war parties, and attacked the small force under Steptoe, numbering about sixty, killing thirty men and three officers: at the same time running off all their animals into the mountains. During the night the remainder of the party, while their camp fires were burning brightly, retreated. Their flight was not discovered until morning, when they were pursued by a large party of Indians mounted on good horses. Being on foot they were most likely overtaken and massacred, as the savages seemed bent on hostilities. All of the mountaineers who have lived in the Flathead country for years have left their wild homes and are returning south, fear- ing a general war might ensue among the northern tribes, involving their own safety. On Monday next, August 3, a general election will be held throughout the Territory for members to the Legislature and county officers. In this Territory there are but two parties, "Jew" and "Gentile;" there is no third party whose vote and influence can be courted—it is a free fight; but there is a great disparity in strength. The Gentiles are principally located in Great Salt Lake, Cedar and Green River counties; and, for the first time in the history of this Territory, will a ticket in oppo- sition to the church ticket be voted. What will be its success remains to be seen. If it is not elected, it will have the effect of disturbing, for the time, the "lion" in his den. The ticket we propose to give to the people, ask- ing their support, may in some particulars be objec- tionable, composed as it is of Mormons and Gentiles; but, under the circumstances, we think it the best that can be done. It is the only policy that savors of success. A ticket composed entirely of Gentiles would meet with certain defeat. It is said “that in union there is strength.” We shall see, therefore, what strength there is in the present combination. At a caucus held in this city a few evenings ago the following named persons were nominated as can- didates for this county:— Representatives—Orson Hyde, Abel Gilbert, John Taylor, James Monroe Livingston, Edward Hunter, Jefferson Hunt, John W. Powell, Seth M. Blair, Thomes S. Williams, Daniel Spencer, Albert G. Brown, Jr., W. J. McCormick. Selectman—Wm. H. Hooper. Sheriff— John B Kimball. County Recorder—Curtis E. Bolton. Treasurer—Thomas D. Brown. Justices of the Peace—David A. Burr, William Nixon. Constable— E. M. Scott. Pound Peeper— John Geer. With this ticket the Gentiles will rally, and the friends of the ticket have little hope of its success. The masses of the people are destitute and pover- ty stricken; they have been robbed by the leaders of this damnable theocracy, who still continue to keep up and prosecute this system of licensed rob- bery. Many of them have scarcely food and raiment enough to keep soul and body together. Nevertheless, they seem to bear their afflictions with a commen[-]able patience, even that of Job. By a cunning scheme of fraud and deception, Brigham in- duces the people to give up their gold and silver and take in exchange for it the notes of the Deseret Cur- rency Association, which were to be paid in live ----- new page (VMSS792_S3_SS14_B17A_F5_I12_p002.jpg) stock upon presentation of one hundred dollars. The people, under the belief that it would be re- deemed in good faith, exchanged all their specie for this paper currency. The Gentile merchants here, from the opening of their establishments, have re- fused and still refuse to take it. This stern refusal has had its effect among the people, who are begin- ning to see the deception that has been practised upon them by men whom they worshipped as the prophets and apostles of God. The people are now unceremoniously informed by the merchants and business men among the Mor- mons, and especially by the proprietors of the De- seret Store, that the Deseret currency is depreciated, and therefore they cannot take it; and as the crowning act of this [---]h handed scheme of decep- tion, Brigham has refu[--]d to honor his own drafts. Such is the condition of the people "in this church and kingdom." [Correspondence of the St. Louis Republican.] GREAT SALT LAKE CITY, July 30, 1858. General Johnston and [---] command have taken up "winter quarters" in[---] Valley, forty miles southwest of this city, after [---] m[-]ning Rush, Tooele and Skull valleys. It is [---] poor place to winter so large a body of men a[---]als, as there is but little water or hay, and a [---] xcellent location for Indians to successfully a[---] hem, as well as affording deserters a very fine opportunity of making their escape from camp. Gen. Johnston has already realized that he cannot winter all his stock there, and is making preparations to send some of his ani- mals to other valleys. Captain J. H. Dickinson, assistant quartermaster, has advertised for proposals to supply the army with hay, firewood, lumber, shingles and timber, but it is supposed that the people will be able to furnish but little, if any, as they are busy moving back to their homes, and as soon as they get settled will be en- gaged in harvesting their own crops and securing their hay and firewood. Last week the soldiers received their pay, and since then a large number of them have deserted, taking with them some fine mules and citizens' clothing from the camp, without leave. It is feared that those sent in search of them will con- tinue their march to California on their own hook. The soldiers do not like this country—they call it a God-forsaken place. One day it is warm enough in camp to cook a nigger—the next so dusty that they cannot see their breakfast while eating it. There is considerable truth in the remark that those who are willing to live here ought to be per- mitted to do so in peace. The people have to labor under very great disadvantages, in consequence of the absence of rains in the summer, causing them immense labor yearly to make and repair water ditches for irrigating their fields. Five acres is all that one man can attend to if he cultivates as he ought. There is nothing under the heavens that could tie the people to this place but their religion, and for it they are freely willing to suffer all things. While conversing with a very intelligent man, who was digging in his garden, he informed me that he had not long handled so heavy a tool; that he was for- merly bookkeeper and general managing clerk in a large manufacturing house in Cincinnati, and nothing but his religion could make him exchange his gay society, easy and comfortable life, for that of the laborer. I turned away, wondering what there was in Mormonism to excite such devotion, and convinced that a people who make such sacrifices ought to be protected in the free enjoyment of worshipping God according to their conscience. The Indians are more hostile at present than they have ever been since the Territory was first settled. During the wars of 1851 and '53 but few bands were hostile; now, nearly all the tribes in the Territory are committing depredations. A number of the set- tlers have been killed and bands of horses run off. In consequence of the general rising of the natives, the settlers dare not follow them up, and all their strength is required to guard themselves and stock. It is be- lieved by many of the Mormons that some of their enemies have been busy at work in stirring up the In- dians to acts of outrage. There is strong circumstan- tial evidence to favor that opinion; for instance, those Indians now most hostile have always been most friendly hitherto, and in a measure given up their roving disposition and turned their attention to farm- ing, and always could be trusted to go after hostile Indians and bring back the property stolen by them. Again, it is well known to the people of the United States that the Mormons and Indians were most friendly, so much so that they have been charged with tampering with the red skins to the danger of the government and emigrants on their way to Cali- fornia; but the most conclusive evidence to them is the fact that not a single move has been made by the troops to protect them, notwithstanding the Pre- sident sent them here to establish forts, that they might protect the settlers and emigrants from Indian outrages. The Mormons say, if the troops would clear out of the territory they could very soon be quelled; but to undertake it so long as they are here in their midst would be nonsense. ----- new page (VMSS792_S3_SS14_B17A_F5_I13_p001.jpg) UTAH. RETURN OF THE REFUGEES. Movements of the Peace Commissioners. SINGULAR COURSE OF GOV. CUMMING. Hostile Disposition of the Mormons. THE PEACE FALLACIOUS. From Our Special Correspondent. GREAT SALT LAKE CITY, Saturday, July 10, 1858. THE RETURN OF THE MORMONS. The week closing to-day has been a busy one in the valleys. I informed you in my last that the people were beginning to return to their homes, abandoned upon the approach of the army by order of their Prophet and Priest. Day and night they have con- tinued to pour in, and the roads to the Southward are literally swarming with people, their wagons and herds. The principal road, that to Provo, may be seen from the city for a distance of 25 miles,—its whole length absolutely covered with the great fami- ly procession. The weather being very dry the roads are shockingly dirty, and the travelers are al- most smothered in the clouds of dust, the more an- noying and uncomfortable because composed in con- siderable parts of particles of alkali, which fill the nos- trils, excoriate the face and lips and nearly blind the eyes. Nevertheless, the population is crowding in, the streets are lively with children, shops of all kinds are preparing for work, and business-signs going up on every hand. It will take a month, however, at least, to enable the people to get back again with their limited means of transportation. The experi- ence we are now having upon this point, by the by, is suggestive of the utter folly of Mormon statements, prior to the peace, that they could move their house- holds and three years provisions faster than the army could follow. They have an abundance of oxen and mules, but are deficient in wagons ; and if they were fleeing before an army would be compelled to aban- don everything except the small amount of provision necessary for a few weeks travel. Thus is exploded another element of the stupendous game of Mormon brag which frightened the President of the United States into his mistaken policy of obtruding an un- asked pardon upon ungrateful traitors rather than incur the responsibility of subduing them and so ef- fectually curing their treason. The scenes among the returning refugees upon the road confirm all you have already heard of the ex- treme poverty of many of the people. Any number of females, old and young, are seen passing along bare foot, with scarcely enough of clothing upon them to cover their persons, and the few rags they have of the coarsest material. Many are entirely with- out even a calico gown, wearing a coarse petticoat, sometimes made of a scant pattern of old carpet, or a worn-out coverlet, and a calico or muslin waist, which their best efforts cannot coax up to the re- quirements of modesty. An Army officer who was in town the other day, on his return to camp, passed over a road on the west side of the Jordan, which is less frequented than the direct road from Provo on this side ; sud- denly he came upon a company of a dozen or more females, walking along the road on their return from Provo, in company with two or three male " Protectors,” who were mounted, something after the fashion of herders driving cattle. These fe- males were so destitute of clothing that several of them had blankets wrapped around them after the fashion of Indian squaws. They had, probably, taken the bye-road to avoid observation, and, upon meeting a stranger, fled affrighted from the road, evidently conscious that they were not in suitable condition for a stranger's gaze. This is the offic r’s story, and in view of what I have myself seen here, I have no difficulty in realizing its truth. BRIGHAM YOUNG has brought up all his families, and his mansion, freed from the board window coverings, begins to look less like the house of pestilence. His gates, however, are carefully closed, and not a fe- male is seen to leave the premises. Passing, towards dusk last evening, I saw two females of his household leaning pensively upon the lion's figure surmounting the front porch of the Lion House ; but an opportuni- ty to speak with any of them is out of the question- The apostacy of one of BRIGHAM'S wives would be most dangerous to the reputation of the man, and the greatest care is observed to prevent so startling a catastrophe. Judging by appearances, BRIGHAM must ----- new page (VMSS792_S3_SS14_B17A_F5_I13_p002.jpg) [-]imself be aware that some of his spirituals are cha- fing under the bonds which bind them, and aching for the opportunity to go free. BRIGHAM, I am informed privately, has an armed guard quartered within his walls both day and night, but whether to protect his harem, or to save the Prophet himself from personal danger, we are unadvised. RETURN OF THE PEACE COMMISSIONERS. The Peace Commissioners left here quite suddenly on Sunday last, on their return to Washington. They had been much annoyed prior to their departure by flying rumors, industriously circulated by leading Mormons, to the effect that they had agreed to con- ditions of peace which had been violated by the army. Governor POWELL had been waiting two or three weeks for the report of his speeches in the conferences with the church leaders. When he ob- tained it at last, a week ago, he found it so badly mutilated as to be quite beyond recognition—whole paragraphs ascribed to him which he had never ut- tered, and many things which he did say were lost altogether. By a strange fatuity, Mr. CARRINGTON, editor of the Deseret News, who had charge of the re- porting, had only a day or two before quite publicly intimated his expectation that Gov. POWELL would leave out of his speech, in revising it, his expressions pledging the Government to certain conditions of peace. Upon looking over the report he refused to attempt its revision, but repudiated it altogether, de- termined not to leave matters here in such shape that disagreeable “fire in the rear” might be successfully directed against him. Governor POWELL addressed a note to BRIGHAM desiring an interview. This he sent by the hands of Major CLARKSON, of California, with the request that he would deliver it in person. The Major proceeded to BRIGHAM'S palace, stated that he had a note for him, and, after waiting some time for the return of the servant who carried in his name, was requested to send the note in. The Major re- plied that he was no lacquey, and that he desired to deliver the note in person. Upon the return of the servant a second time, he was requested to go around to the back gate, and replied that gentlemen were in the habit of entering at the front door, and he saw no reason why he should depart from the rule. He suc- ceeded at last in obtaining an interview, and arrang- ing for a meeting between BRIGHAM and the Commis- sioners, at which the parties drew up a paper, all joining in its signature—BRIGHAM included. This paper, I am informed, sets forth in brief the chief facts in connection with the Peace Conferences, stat- ing them almost in the precise language of the Re- port which the Commissioners had already made to the President. This, of course, effectually sets at rest the story that the Commissioners had agreed to conditions of peace, other than the acceptance by the rebels of the President’s pardon, and their agree- ment to receive the federal officials and yield obedi ence to the laws of the Union. As a fair example of the truthfulness of the leaders in the Mormon church, let me say that only the evening before one of the most intelligent and respectable of them came to me in the presence of a witness, boldly declared a state of facts directly the reverse of that set forth in the document above alluded to, requested me adopt his statement in my correspondence, and make it the basis of an attack upon the Commissioners. I then suggested that he might be in error, but he assured me that he had the evidence in the handwriting of Governor POWELL himself, but, of course, he was not at liberty to show me to correspondence ! THE PEACE FALLACIOUS. The Commissioners presented a dignified silence while here in regard to their own impression of the people ; but if I am skilled in observing the teach- ings of an emotional face, they both left this city with sentiments of profound disgust. I predict that in their personal report to the President, they will as- sure him that the present peace is fallacious, and that this community is not likely ever to make good and safe citizens of the United States. They know full well that the people here have a higher regard for the law of the church than that of the Union, and that all their protestations of love for the Constitu- tion are idle whenever BRIGHAM'S edict stands in the way. They could not investigate specifically the many charges laid to the door of this people—but I do not doubt that if they are induced to express them- selves at all upon the subject they will admit their belief that they are capable of the Jesuitical system of crime, long laid to their charge. It will be remem- bered, however, that I speak not by authority, but express only my own convictions as to the views of the Commissioners. You will remember that last Autumn, just after the treasonable burning of the trains on Green River, General JOHNSTON addressed a dispatch to the War Department, in which he suggested that this act had relieved the Mormon question of its difficulty, and rendered it “ easy oi solution.” The General's ----- new page (VMSS792_S3_SS14_B17A_F5_I13_p003.jpg) policy, of course, was a rigid exertion of the Civil and Military power until the treason should be prop- erly punished, and the rebels be compelled to suc- cumb humbly before the law. He was much abused for his suggestion by partisan presses and politicians, as well as the mock philanthropists of the country ; but experience has shown that the old soldier's com- mon sense and practical view of the question was sound. This will be the more apparent within a few months, when we see the very forms of law availed of by this community to destroy its spirit—when Mormon juries perjure themselves rather than find verdicts according to the facts elicited by Gentile evidence, and when Mormon witnesses ease their consciences by " mental reservations," and fail ut- terly to remember anything tending to the injury of the " Church and Kingdom," or any of its human pillars. That they will do this, I am free to predict, for any other course would be inconsistent with the entire spirit of their conduct and conversation. Nor am I alone in this opinion ; every Gentile here, who is not silent upon the subject, takes the same view of the case, and especially those who have had largest experience among this people. In short, the Presi- dent, by his volunteered pardon, has thrown away the only opportunity for an " easy solution" of the difficulty, and the country will necessarily rest under the disgrace attaching to the anomalous condition of affairs here, until some accidental brand shall have fired the magazine before the cunning of the Church leaders is able to prevent it. GOV. CUMMING IN CLOVER, AND OTHER GENTILES IN MISERY. Gov. CUMMING continues in high feather with the Mormons, and is treated [---]em with the utmost cor- diality. This conduct to [---]im is the more marked in contrast with the trea[---] which other Gentiles have received. The P[---] Commissioners were compelled to occupy their [-]mbulances as bed-cham- bers for a fortnight after their arrival, and then, by BRIGHAM'S consent, secured a single room, without other furniture than a small table and two chairs. Judge ECKELS, a gentleman [--]ainst whose reputation no charge has ever been suggested, was utterly una- ble to obtain shelter upon his arrival here, and was compelled to sleep upon the ground between two wagons. At last he succeeded in renting a small house from a man then in good standing in the Church, who at once became an object of suspicion and hate, so much so, that his wife's friends told her frankly that they dared not entertain her. This man and his family are now living out of doors and sleep- ing in his own wagon in the rear of the Judge's house, feeling that they cannot safely go beyond the Judge's protection. The Governor, his Secretary, and Dr. FORNEY, the Indian Superintendent—all of whom, as I have al- ready informed you, seemed to become satisfied at once that the Mormons are about as good people as the Lord makes—have been well cared for ; but all other Gentiles, no matter how careful not to give expression here to a word calculated to offend, have been served, generally, with a cold, freezing po- liteness suggestive of genteel strangling. We have been quite unable to obtain rooms in which to lodge, and are compelled to sleep out of doors, and leave our personal effects to the mercy of any passer-by, whose appreciation of the relative law of meum and tuum may be eccentric or indistinct. There are houses enough vacant, but their owners dare not, or do not choose to, rent them to us, avowedly because the church do not wish it. A New-York merchant and myself made a bold dash for the room vacated by the Commissioners, but the owner assured us that the only way in which we could secure the privilege of paying him our money for shelter, was through BRIGHAM YOUNG. I asked whether he did not consider it a hard case when a man could not do as he chose about renting his own property. He replied that we might think so, but he did not, as he had been brought up to it. These straws indicate very forcibly not only the system of the church, but its extraordi- nary power to maintain it. Add to the facts stated above, showing the partiality for Governor CUM- MING, the further fact that leading Mormons have been constantly engaged in efforts to depreciate the labors of the Commissioners—even going so far as to request us to state in our correspondence that the effect of the presence of these gentlemen has been rather to reopen and aggravate the difficulty which CUMMING and KANE had closed—and there would seem to be some confirmation for the rumor here originating in Mormon boasting, to the effect that CUMMING accepted the Governorship, in the beginning, at the solicita- tion of prominent Mormons, and that the expectation of being made a United States Senator from Utah was the inducement. You will remember that when first offered the place, CUMMING declined it perempto rily. A few days later he reconsidered the subject, and requested a friend at St. Louis to telegraph to Washington his acceptance. The rumor referred to says that during this period of vacillation, leading ----- new page (VMSS792_S3_SS14_B17A_F5_I13_p004.jpg) Mormons held out the Senatorship aforesaid. It is difficult to understand the nature of the singular rela- tions of Governor CUMMING with this people from the beginning to the present hour, except upon the hypothesis either that they know the terms upon which it is agreed that BRIGHAM shall be Governor in fact, or that they are satisfied of their ability to mould the former, like potters’ clay, to any shape they will. Certainly they look upon Gov. C. as their property, and bestow upon him all the care with which a wise master in Louisiana would regard his most serviceable slave. I omitted to mention that the very best house in town next to BRIGHAM'S was placed at CUMMING'S disposal upon his arrival, and that BRIGHAM fitted it up with his own furniture. The public will make up its own judgment as to the causes which produce effects such as I have de- scribed. ADMISSION OF UTAH INTO THE UNION. BRIGHAM and his people are very anxious for ad- mission into the Union, and are exerting every effort now to accomplish that result. It is their last card, if I mistake not, before abandoning the game as members of the Confederacy. They maintain that it is their constitutional right to be admitted, and they desire it, so that they can make a law legalizing Polygamy, and placing it within the charmed circle of “ States’ Rights.” They do not admit for a mo- ment that Congress can impose any condition upon their admission prohibiting Polygamy. It may be well just here to examine this question; and I sug- gest for consideration the proposition that the framers of the Constitution, in granting to Congress the power to admit new States, necessarily con- ferred it subject to the restriction tha[-] Stale applying for admission should ha[--] social organization assimilated to and in har[-] with that existing at the time of the adoption of [---] Constitution. The compact between the States for ing the Union was based upon the then existing state of facts, and cannot be made to recognize Poly- gamy as a “ domestic institution,” which we shall not consider when Utah applies for admission. The same argument is a sufficient answer to the Mormon argument which holds that the President in his Par- don Proclamation has pledged the Government not to interfere in any way with the “ domestic institu- tion” of Polygamy. Again, Utah is without sufficient population to entitle her to a State Government. The city of Provo, when I visited it, contained a large proportion of the people of this city and Ogden, the only large settlements in the Territory ; and yet I do not believe there were over 20,000 persons at Provo. That certainly is the very highest figure to be accorded them. Taking that as a basis, the entire Mormon population does not exceed 35,000 souls, and intelligent army officers, who have had experience in making such estimates, place the number at not to exceed 30,000. MORMON OUTRAGES. The leaders of the Mormons and the mass of the “faithful” continue to look upon the Gentiles with doubt and suspicion. BRIGHAM himself is cross, mo- rose and sullen. They are only a little subdued by the presence of the Arrny, and are not conquered by the President’s act of clemency. There Is no hearty forgetfulness of the past, and anticipations of future peace. Within a few days, how ever, it is probable that their loyalty will be put to the test. Judge ECKLES, who is bold and fearless in discharge of his duty, proposes to issue writs at the suit of an Ex-Mor- mon, named WADSWORTH, for the arrest of certain parties at Payston, 70 miles south of this, for kidnap- ping WADSWORTH's adopted child. Mr. DOTSON, the United States Marshal, is expected to serve the writ within a few days, and to take the accused (WM. YOUNG and GEORGE WADSWORTH) to Fort Bridger for trial. This will test the power of the law, and show us whether the threats uttered in my hearing—that any man who attempts to serve writs upon “ this people” is to be shot—are idle or otherwise. The Judge’s firmness is a subject of general admiration, and we regret to learn that he has requested leave to resign his post. While out at camp a week ago, Judge ECKLES was applied to by a Mr. JONES, of Tooile Valley, who stated that he left his home and went South with his ----- new page (VMSS792_S3_SS14_B17A_F5_I13_p005.jpg) family much against his will, but not daring to diso- bey the order of the Ecclesiastical authorities. His wife was in a delicate situation when the order ar- rived, but this was not admitted as an excuse, and he was forced to move, with most serious consequences to his family ; his wife lying very low in Provo, and having no house in which to shelter her. Mr. JONES determined, now that peace had been made, to return to his home. He started accordingly, but was met at a lonely point on the road by a Mormon guard of six men, who beat him so badly as to cause a serious rupture. They told him that they had orders not to let any families pass down from Provo towards their homes, and turned him and his family back, his daughter driving the team, as the father was too ----- new page (VMSS792_S3_SS14_B17A_F5_I13_p006.jpg) much injured to sit up. JONES stated further that, soon as he was able, he went to Governor CUMMING, with a view of claiming protection, but finding him surrounded by Mormons, did not dare to state his case. Thence he went to the camp of the army, where he laid the case before Judge ECKLES. The Judge offered to issue writs and send them to be served by the United States Marshal, to obtain his family and arrest the men who beat him ; but learn- ing from JONES that he had a quantity of flour stowed near his family, with the expectation of selling it to the army, which his enemies would be likely to destroy, the Judge advised him that he had better get his flour away, and then, if there seemed to be any prospect of further resistance to the removal of his family, return for legal assistance. As the man has not returned, he probably had no more difficulty. ELIAS ——, a Kentuckian, from Fleming County— who was raised in Montgomery County, Ind., and came here some time since from California—was one of the party of emigrants who went out to Bridger when Governor CUMMING first came into the city. The Mormon guard—the same claimed by Governor C. as his militia, acting under his orders, you will re- member—stopped him on his way out, and turned back his wife and child, though they followed him with piteous cries and tears. The man came in with the army, obtained his family, and has returned to his home at Ogden, where he will remain until he has saved his crops. Mr. SUTHERLAND and his wife, whose cases I no- ticed in a letter from Bridger, also returned here with the army. SUTHERLAND was for years an elder in the church. His wife is an elegant English lady, but their former companions and friends pass them with- out recognition, with the exception of a few, who are secretly apostates, only awaiting opportunity to get away. Mr. and Mrs. S.—than whom there are none more familiar with the secret workings of Mor- monism—are evidently afraid of their lives, and are careful to keep with friends continually. These are a few specimens of the terrorism which reigns here even at this hour, with the army within easy call. THE POLYGAMIC INSTITUTION. The arrival of returning families present us with a new view of the system of Polygamy—but by no means a satisfactory view to superficial observation. The plurality wives, so far as one can observe, are distrustful of each other, and meet their husbands with a restrained, uncertain, unconfiding air, which, I should suppose, would be exceedingly unpleasant to a man of heart or refined sensibility. The hus bands, generally, will admit, when pressed closely, that their wives do not love each other, or agree like sisters ; but this they ascribe to the difficulty of over- coming the proneness of all flesh to evil, and never to the natural sentiments of humanity. Occasionally, I meet a man who protests that even the women render a hearty assent to the system. A tailor while sewing on a button for me, took occasion to expati- ate upon the advantages of Polygamy, remarking that he had two wives, who could not be separated, and that he did not see how any man was able to get along with only one ! The people are no ways backward about discussing the subject, indeed they oftentimes press discussion on a stranger, over-confident in their ability to de- molish every Gentile argument against Polygamy. One of the gentry tackled Governor POWELL, the oth- er day, determined to make a convert. The Govern- or, at first, declined discussion, but his companion in- sisted upon proving, by the Scriptures, that he was in great error to be living without any wife, and that it was the duty of a well-preserved man of his years to take a half-dozen at least. The Governor at last consented to listen. Mr. Mormon cited Solomon as one of the wisest and best of men, and presented the fact that he had 700 wives as an unanswerable argument. Said the Governor in response : " You depend upon Solomon's example, do you, as the gage of your duty ?" "Certainly," was the ready response. “ Well,” continued the Governor, “ I’ll I accept Solomon as a pattern for the sake of argu- ment. Accrding to the text you have quoted, Solo- mon had 700 wives and 300 concubines. Now, where's your concubines ?” The Polygamist was floored and abandoned the discussion. THE MORMON FAITH. The Mormon faith is a queer mixture of Infidelity, Romanism, Materialism and everything else. They teach that God is only a perfect man, and that all